在职硕士研究生英语《读写佳境》-练习答案(新教材)

第一篇：在职硕士研究生英语《读写佳境》-练习答案(新教材)

Unit One Text A Warming-up

B.1.armchair travelers

2.budget travelers

3.family travelers

4.business travelers

5.adventure travelers

6.luxury travelers Comprehension

B.1-f

2-c

3-d

4-a

5-e

6-b Vocabulary & Structure A.1.inhibitions

2.incredulous

3.endemic

4.eerie

5.exhilarated

6.lucid

7.decked out

8.awe-inspiring

9.plummeted 10.gracious Translation A.在一切生物中，要算蜂鸟体形最优美、颜色最鲜艳。经过工艺加工的各种宝石和金属是无法跟这个大自然的珍宝媲美的。大自然按照鸟类的大小把它列为最小号，真是“最小的绝妙珍品”。这种小蜂鸟是大自然的杰作；大自然把其他鸟类只能分有其中一部分的种种天赋全部慷慨地给了它。这个小宠儿具有轻盈、敏捷、灵活、优雅以及羽毛绚丽等一切妙处。那翠绿的、艳红的、嫩黄色的羽毛闪闪发光。蜂鸟从不让它的羽毛沾染尘土，它生活在天空中，一刻也不碰到草皮。它总是在空中飞翔，从花丛飞向花丛；它像花一样鲜艳，又像花一样艳丽。蜂鸟靠花蜜为生，它只生活在四季鲜花盛开的地方。B.1.After climbing up to the top of the mountain and looking afar from the vantage point, I saw laid out before me a spectacular view, which was one of the most awe-inspiring view I have ever beheld;but equally exhilarating was the fact that some distance away a hawk was soaring high, and then, for an instant, it suddenly plummeted down into the canyon.2.My fondest memory is of spending a few days with a family in a mountain village, dinnering with them and enjoying various dishes endemic to the region.It is of mellow sweetness to have watched them, decked out in their traditional garb, moving around the house.Of course, a stay there for some more days involves some degree of „roughing-it‟.Writing 1

… Paragraph 1 introduces the trip by describing the author‟s initial venture into the park.Paragraph 2 comments on the absence of tourists in the area through which the tour was passing.Paragraph 3 provides a few reasons why there were so few tourists, including the remoteness of the area and the effect involved in getting there.Paragraph 4 discusses the approach used by the eco-tour company and their focus on the culture, people, and customs.Paragraph 5 describes the hospitality of the traveler‟ hosts, the Pemon Indians, and some of the activities in which they participated.Paragraph 6 reflects on the education and understanding that the tourists gained about the area and the culture.Paragraph 7 discusses the system of spirituality and beliefs of the Pemon tribe and the rare „energy meridians‟ of the area.Paragraph 8 concludes by stating that, while the trip was exciting for those who took it, the eco-tour style of traveling may not be for everyone.Unit Two Text A Comprehension 1.C

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.D Vocabulary & Structure A.1.elaborate 2.prosecution 3.controversial 4.ammunition 5.compassion

6.response 7.hospitalized 8.surged

9.moderately

10.zeal C.1.incurably ill 2.bring about

3.grown fast into 4.winning an advantage

5.given

6.hidden, stealthy

7.struggled with

8.mild, not harsh Translation B.1.Quite a few terminally ill patients would often like their doctors to administer lethal drugs to them to be relieved of suffering;there are also some of their families who would prefer that doctors withdraw any life-prolonging treatment since there is no hope of effecting an ultimate cure.This problem has lately boiled over into a fierce public debate in some European countries.2.Those who are opposed to „Euthanasia‟ believe that it is no different from murder and that it is unethical, while the pro-euthanasists contend that since the incurably ill consider their existence more of a torment and suffering, why not let them end their lives in a decent and humane way? We ought to respect the patients‟ final decision.3.The fear that „mercy killing‟ will be abused or used unnecessarily is not groundless.But with effective measures rigorously taken by the government and the departments concerned, and under tightly controlled conditions in hospitals, this problem would most probably be resolved in the end.Unit Three Text A Vocabulary & Structure A.1.backwards

2.a babe

3.chance

4.odds

5.smites

6.splash

7.shinning

8.hasty B.1.C

2.A

3.B

4.G

5.D

6.F

7.H

8.E 1.The plunge we take is no different from the gamble we are taking against chance, against destiny, and in the course of it we may realize ourselves as an added bonus.And as a consequence we would be either bled white or finally make a career after painstaking efforts, or in rare cases, be continuously blessed with an unhindered advance, and we would take great pride in our obtained success.2.If a man makes gambling an obsession, he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.Therefore it is advisable that they beat a hasty retreat from such an indulgence and be away from the sea of troubles.3.On the bright side of the coin, we win in the struggle against destiny, and the odds are in our favor, then gambling is no longer a toxic drug, rather it is one against boredom and apathy, and may well preserve our good temper, patience and optimism, which will do us a world of good.Text BB.1.depends

2.prides

3.volumes

4.numbers

5.blows

6.blue Unit 4

Text A Vocabulary & Structure A.1.involved

2.touch

3..spoil

4.boost

5.get on

6.get in Dutch 7.flinging mud at 8.heart-heart 9.profusion 10.bit her tongue off Translation A.首先，教师应性情开朗，具有魅力。这不排除长相平平，甚至面貌丑陋者，他们或许更具魅力。但过于冲动者、郁郁寡欢者、冷酷无情者、尖酸刻薄者、愤世嫉俗者、怨天尤人者，以及自以为是、居高临下者却定要排除在外。再补充一点：应排除平庸者和性情不良者。还是我以前书中所言：“乏味或许比残暴更加催残学生。”其次，教师不仅需要而且必须拥有同情心——真正意义上的同情心；能够设身处地的亲听他人的心声，特别要能感孩子们所感，思孩子们所思，因为教师中多为中小学教师；还有与此密不可分的宽容——当然，宽容的不是错误本身，而是人类脆弱与幼稚的本性，这才是诱使人们 尤其是孩子犯下种种错误的根本。

1． There are some successful people in every walk of life.On the one hand, their successes depend on their born genius, later effort and support from their family;on the other hand, their successes are attributed to virtues as a being.These successful people seldom contradict others unless in a life-and-death struggle.If necessary, they know how to swim with the tide and tailor their words to the tastes of other fellows..They will say things in season and do things in moderation 2.They are marvelous at adapting themselves to the surroundings and good at pleasing the ears of other people.They are quite easy-going and will never fling mud at people.If they happen to have friction with someone, they will try to have a heart-to-heart talk with him in a placid mood.They will never do what they will bite their tongue off later on.Text B Translation A.但是有另外一些人他们把成功更多地归公于运气和机会而不是毅力。他们认为，就是因为是好的运气和机会，一些人比其他人更容易获得成功，尽管他们并不那么能干和称职。毫无疑问，运气和机会是加快成功步伐的某种因素，但仅仅是因素而已。事实上机会只能带来某种预示，从来不会自发成功，机会只有加上艰辛、持之以恒的努力才能使人获得成功。毕竟，成功通常降临到那些愿意的人，或者说那些愿意把握机会的人。于是，这些人可能得到运气的恩赐。B.Rich Devos is the starter(initiator)of the largest sales company on the globe，Anli as well as

The boss of NBA Orlando Magic and WNBA Orlando Miracle.To our admiration, he had the operation of heart transplant at the age of 70.What‟ s there behind his success? His newly-published book Hope of Herat gives the key to the question, that is, optimism.He thinks an optimistic attitude is not a luxury;it‟s a necessity.Optimism diverts our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive, constructive thinking.There is enough good and bad in everyone‟s life — ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain — to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism, but we should face our life optimistically for the good in life far outweighs the bad.Unit 5

Text A Vocabulary & structure A.1.bane

2.anecdotes

3.mundane 4.stimulus 5.intriguing

6.epidemic

7.bout

8.pathological Translation A.笑有很多好处。笑把人们联系在一起。在一些紧张的场合，笑声可以使人们放松精神。所以应该多与别人分享欢笑。笑还对健康很有好处。有位著名作家在他的书里记述了他用喜剧和欢笑来治疗癌症的事。在你笑的时候，你的横膈膜会上下运动，而你的淋巴液也会加速运动，这些都对你的健康有好处。笑可以减轻压力放松肌肉，还可以加强你与别人的联系，特别是当你与别人语言不通时。当彼此以微笑回应时，双方的联系就加深了。英语里有两种说法，第一种是笑是会传染的，就像病毒和病菌一样。另一种是笑是一种良药。

B.1.The role of laughter is more complex than people have imagined.People laugh for a variety of reasons.People laugh not only when they feel good, but in response to mundane statements and in uncomfortable situations as well.For example, when people are surprised at funny-looking things, their natural reaction is laughter.Something seems awkward for a moment and people don't know what to do, so people laugh.Even in a threatening situation, laughter may serve as a way of calming down the tense atmosphere.2.Why do we laugh? A convincing explanation waits for more confirmation.But people all over the world are convinced that it is pretty good to laugh.Laughter enables people to keep mentally healthy and laughter functions as some kind of social signal to strengthen a social bond because studies have shown that people are more likely to laugh in social settings than when they are alone.and it can break down barriers and forge a connection with each other.Text B Translation A.美国马里兰大学的心理学教授罗伯特-布鲁文赞同笑也具有进化连续性的这一说法。他说，笑的起源来自于挠痒痒以及杂乱无章的游戏。布鲁文教授和其他一些科学家还对黑猩猩进行了相关的研究，他们发现黑猩猩的笑(声音类似于噪音)与人类的笑存在着某种联系。他说：“确切地讲，笑是一种游戏的声音，从最初的喘气的呼呼声(吃力的呼吸声)发展到人类的“哈哈”笑的声音。” 通过研究从大猩猩喘气的呼呼声到人类“哈哈”的笑声两者之间的转化，科学家发现，呼吸控制是人类语音和笑声出现的关键所在。

B.There is the American saying: Laugh-and-the-world-laughs-with-you;Cry-and-you-cry-alone.It is the fact that many people love to be happy and enjoy laughing.There‟re some reasons why we laugh.One reason is surprise.When I was surprised at funny looking things, my natural reaction is laughter.Also you might laugh because you're embarrassed.Something seems awkward for a moment and you don't know what to do, so you laugh.When you see people falling down, say, in China, I notice everyone laughs partly because of surprise, and partly because of embarrassment.But there are Western cultures that they don‟t appreciate if you laugh when they fall down.People in different cultures laugh for different reasons.In fact, what makes one laugh in comedy shows TV shows and movies in different cultures are very different.So everyone is different, and what makes you laugh it's not always the same.The same is true with jokes in different cultures.Unit 6 Text A Translation A.孩子们是否应该去国外留学一直是一个热门话题。人们的观点大相径庭。有些人认为学生不适合去国外学习，首先，高昂的学费和生活费对大多数家庭是一个沉重的经济负担；其次在一个风俗和生活方式完全不同的国家生活学习不仅会有语言障碍并且会经历“文化休克”，这会使许多学生难以适应，最后，一些学生不够成熟，难以辨别是非而可能走入歧途。

国外留学的推崇者们坚持国外留学是有益的。首先，国外学习能提供一流的教学设施和“学生为中心”的教学体制----一种比国内盛行的“以教师为中心”的教学方法更科学的教学方法。其次，远离父母亲可以迫使年轻人结交朋友、学会处理人际关系，这将让他们终身受益。

再者，留学国外是一次感受异国文化、开拓视野的绝佳机会。

就我个人而言，我赞成去国外留学因为利大于弊。

B.1.After the scores of the matriculation are known, parents want to know more about universities home and abroad by reading prospectuses and surfing university websites, and do their utmost to choose an ideal institution of higher education for their children.Some parents even think that nothing beats seeing for themselves.They will take their children to see the campus, halls of residence, cafeterias.They make enquiries at such departments as Students Affairs Office to be better-informed.2.Some universities in the U.S.are open to parents by setting up open days in order that parent can know more about academic administration, accommodations, food, workload, and job prospects.But there are some differences between their list of priorities.As a rule, children tend to listen to their parents because a bit of their parents‟ wisdom and experience go a long way.Text B Translation A.学校现有建筑系等22个教学系（部、中心），环保应用技术研究所等20多个科研院（所）和科技服务机构。有43个本科专业，覆盖工科、理科、人文科学、商科、社会科学和农学等6大学科门类，各类在校生20000多人，其中全日制本科生15000多人、硕士研究生170余人。学校现有城市规划、环境工程、结构工程、世界史、防灾减灾、专门史、应用数学、应用化学、市政工程、伦理学十个硕士学位授权点，现有环境工程、结构工程2个省级重点建设学科；1个省级特色专业建设点——城市规划与设计专业；2个省（部）重点实验室——环境科学与工程重点实验室和结构工程重点实验室。

B.The newly established university is an engineering-centered multi-disciplinary institution of higher education, covering such fields as engineering, science, liberal arts, and management.Concentrating on the undergraduate programs, concurrently with adult continuation education, the University takes an active part in developing postgraduate education and undertakes the responsibility of fostering practical and creative talents.The University upholds the teaching-centered ideologies to substantially improve its education quality.It strives to improve the quality of its undergraduate teaching by reforming training modes of human resources, teaching contents, and curriculum system, strengthening and standardizing its teaching administration, and further improving the teaching quality for the undergraduates.The University attaches great importance to fostering students‟ practical ability and creativity and strives to enhance their overall abilities, and so far satisfactory results have been witnessed.Unit 7 Text A V & S A.1.tyranny 6.dissolve

9.be relevant to 2.will fragment

3.flock 4.deem 5.lament

8.hark back to

12.notch up

7.have a finger in every pie

10.be tailored to 11.carve out niches B.1.Languages are vehicles of value systems and of cultural expressions and they constitute a determining factor in the identity of groups and individuals.Yet, it is reckoned, more than fifty per cent of the world‟s 6000 languages are on the verge of becoming extinct.And, as a matter of fact, one language disappears on average every two weeks.Many factors contribute to language extinction.But the English language prevalent worldwide is certainly to blame and its hegemony is worrisome.2.There is overwhelming/compelling evidence that the United States is undoubtedly a global leader in many ways.While exporting its high-tech products and commercial artifacts, the United States is imposing American values on the world.Therefore, some people turn their noses up at globalization, fearing that it is in fact equivalent to Americanization.Such fears are not over-blown.Translation 1.见原参考译文

2.The trend towards globalization began in earnest in the early 1970s when the system of fixed exchange rates, set up after World War II, was dismantled.This meant that the value of currencies would now be determined by the markets instead of individual governments.Over the next two decades, countries slowly began to remove their exchange controls.By 1990, nearly all world‟s major economies had got rid of restrictions on how much money could be moved in and out of their countries.In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies;in practice, they must conform to a global economic model or risk being penalized by the markets.Other factors contributing to the rise of globalization are communication technologies, and better transportation systems.These have enabled companies to grow into multinationals----producing goods on one side of the planet and selling them on the other.Unit 8 Text V & S A.1.audacity 2.opulent 6.enormity

3.loiter 4.in all sincerity

5.contrives 8.condescend

9.profile

10.deft 7.subservience B.1.Owing to the fierce competition, he was compelled to be busy with his work all day long.He could hardly afford the time to phone his aged parents, to say nothing of going back often to take care of them.He never thought of his parents without feeling apologetic, knowing that he was unworthy of their kindness.2.It seemed to J.B.Priestley that wearing clothes properly was a full-time job.Therefore, he always cheerfully bagged and sagged as if he had slept in his suits.And he could not understand how a man could contrive to look neat and spruce and do anything else.3.The sober young man has a certain air of arrogance about him.It is incredible that you should have wrung friendliness out of him.Text B 2.A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as the company he keeps;for there is a companionship of books as well as of men;and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.A good book may be among the best of friends.It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change.It is the most patient and cheerful of companions.It does not turn its back upon us in terms of adversity or distress.It always receives us with the same kindness;amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Unit 9

Text A V & S A.1.undermining Translation

B.1.At the global level, the environmental movement has already been under way for decades and the public awareness of environment protection has been correspondingly enhanced.In spite of this, the health of Mother Earth is still deteriorating at an unprecedented rate.Many people can‟t help wondering how long it will take for human beings to turn things around.2.Without abiding by the basic ecological principles, some underdeveloped countries have achieved rapid economic growth in the past decades but at the expense of the environment.To make matters worse, they have failed to put effective brakes on the overgrowth of their populations.As a result, environmental degradation and population expansion are driving an ever-increasing number of people into poverty.Text B V & S

1.epitomize 2.facilitate 3.took shape 4.gained a foothold 5.vintage 6.insulates 7.par excellence 8.glazed 9.derelict 10.nestling Translation 1.（略）2.Green Olympics, Humanism Olympics and Technology Olympics are the three major themes of Beijing‟s bid for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.Actively responding to the call of the International Olympic Committee, Beijing will make a prominent feature of environmental protection at her Olympic Games.Through bidding for and hosting the Olympic Games, Beijing aims to further speed up her environmental protection plans to enhance the environmental quality, perfect her urban infrastructure construction, improve the living standards of the local residents and promote the sustainable development of the capital.By 2008, Beijing will have considerably reduced its total discharge of pollutants;its urban infrastructure will have been greatly improved;its urban environmental quality will have met the national standards in terms of functional divisions;its main indexes will have reached the levels of big cities in developed countries;its eco-environment will have been obviously improved.Beijing will be enjoying sound social, economic and environmental development.In July, August and September of 2008, the environmental quality of the city will have met the requirements for hosting the Olympic Games in all aspects.Reference for Writing Practice: May 24, 2004 Dear Sir/Madam，I would like to apply for the post of English teacher in your summer program advertised in Suzhou Daily of May 20.I am 24 years old, currently in the second year of graduate study in English at Soochow University.In addition to excellent language proficiency, I have had both some knowledge and experience in teaching English since I majored in English education as an undergraduate and have been teaching English to non-majors at Soochow University ever since 2 years ago.You will find a full account of my career and qualifications in the attached personal record sheet, and I have also enclosed a letter of recommendation from my English professor.If you feel that my qualifications meet your requirements, I would be pleased to come for an interview.I have enclosed a stamped, addressed envelope for your reply.Thank you for considering my application.Yours Sincerely

2.hinges on

3.espouse

4.inhabit

5.paradox 6.have stagnated 7.predicament

8.jeopardize 9.wake up to 10.inextricably Unit 10

Vocabulary & structures A． Fill in each blank with a word given below, changing the form when necessary

1.stray 2.huddling 3.traipsing 4.reticent 5.tense 6.astounded 7.gregarious 8.counseling 9.documentation 10.squarely 11.optimism 12.tentative 13.succession 14.confide 15.tragedy 16.mustering 17.Console 18.traumas 19.figure out 20.melted away Translation from English into Chinese: 时间老人并不总是一位严厉的家长，虽然他不等候任何一位孩子，却每每轻手爱抚抓住了那些善于利用时间的人；他相当无情地使他们变成了年迈的男人和女人，却让他们的心灵和精神依然年青、充满活力。对于这些人说来，一头华发无非是他老兄之手为他们祝福时留下的印记，每条皱纹无非是一道刻痕，留在善于使用时间的一生的无声的日历上。Translate the following sentences into English 1.After undergoing some disasters and sufferings, people will feel exhausted from physical and psychological traumas for quite a long time.Thus, besides proper medical treatment, their relatives, friends or counselors should muster all their sources and expertise to come up with the right words to soothe them to get rid of mental disturbance.2．

Holly didn‟t stay home and enjoy the carefree life of a house pet, but took on the emotional responsibility of troubled children.She called no significant attention to herself, but quietly expressed love and consolation.She diligently kept up her silent comfort throughout that long, difficult day.Unit 11 Vocabulary & Structure 1.noxious 2.Odor 3.incisions 4.cosmetic 5.prompted

6.complications 7.socialites 8.satirizes 9.certify 10.specialize 11.supplement 12.precautions 13.accredited 14.inspection 15.hazards 16.confidential 17.premiere 18.phenomenal 19.flaw 20.screened 21.momentarily 22.fluttering Translation from English into Chinese: 美德好比宝石，它在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。同样，一个打扮并不华贵却端正庄严而有美德者是令人肃然起敬的。美貌的人，未必也具有内在的美。因为造物主似乎是吝啬的，他给了此就不再予彼。所以许多容颜俊秀的人却不足为训，他们过于追求外形美丽而忽略了内心的美。……

美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的。世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。因此，应该把美的形貌与美的德行结合起来，这样，美才会放射出夺目的光辉。

弗朗西斯。培根：《论美》

Translation from Chinese into English(Please refer to the text)Unit 12 A.Vocabulary & Structure 1.assume 2.steadfast 3.unrivaled 4.stagnant 5.devastate 1.intrigued 7.engulfed 8.renewed 9.conscience 10.testament 11.ennoble 12.infuses Translation from English into Chinese: 科学已经为我们作了许多贡献；可是无法使我们认识到无知领域内庞大渊深神圣的无限，那便是无能的科学，我们永远不可能洞彻无限，一切科学就像一层表面薄膜在此飘游。这个世界, 尽管有我们的科学和科学研究，依然是个奇迹;神奇, 不可思议, 更有魔力，不是凡是想到它的人都有同感。

时间的那个莫大的奥秘，别无其他；无边无际、无声无息、永无静止的事物名之曰时间；滚滚而来, 奔腾向前, 迅急, 无声, 犹如拥抱一切的海潮, 我们和宇宙万象都在上面飘浮, 犹如薄雾, 犹如幻影, 时隐时现: 这个奥秘永远是一个毫不夸张的奇迹；是使我们目瞪口呆的一个东西，因为我们没有任何字眼去形容它。

Test One Part I V&S Section A 1-5

C D C A A

6-10 B B C D A

11-15 B D B C A

16-20 A D B D A 21-25 A A D B C

26-30 D B D B D Section B 1-5

D A C D B

6-10 DBCAD

11-15 B A A D B

16-20 D D D C C 21-25 C C A D A Part II Reading Passage 1

B A C D C

Passage 2 C B A D A

Passage 3 C B A C C

Passage 4

C A B B C

Passage 5 C B D C A Part III Cloze 1-5 D C A D C

6-10 C B B A C

11-15 A D B B D

16-20 C C B A D

Test Two Part I.Vocabulary Section A

Section A: 1-5 DADCD 6-10 BCABC 11-15 DCCCD

16.A

17.A

18.A 19.B

20.D Section B 1.B

2.C

3.B

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.B

10.A 11.B

12.A

13.D

14.A 15.A

16.A

17.D

18.A

19.A

20.B Part II.Reading Comprehension Passage One:

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D

Passage Two:

6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.D Passage Three: 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.A Passage Four: 16.A

17.D

18.C

19.A

20.C Passage Five: 21.B

22.A

23.B

24.C

25.D Part III.Cloze 1.B

2.B

3.C

4.A

5.A

6.C

7.D

8.B

9.A

10.B 11.A 12.B

13.C

14.D

15.B 16.A

17.A

18.C

19.D

20.B

Test Three I.Vocabulary Section A: 1-5 DBCCC 6-10 DCBDC 11-15 ACCBA 16-20 CAACB 21-25 ADCCD

Section B:

26-30 CBBBC 31-35 DBADC 36-40 ABBCD 41-45 AABAB 46-50 CCDCB II.Reading Comprehension Passage one

Passage two

Passage three Passage four Passage five

III.Cloze

1-5 C B D C A

6-10 B A D C B

11-15 A B B D A

16-20 D C A D B D D C B C B A C D B C C A D B A C A C B B D C D C

Test four Part I Vocabulary and structure Section A

1-5 CACCD 6-10 CADBC 11-15 DBACC 16-20 ACCCD Section B 21-25: ACBDB 26-30: ACDCA 31-35 ABDDB 36-40 ABCDB

Reading comprehension: Passage One 41-45: ADBCC Passage Two 46-50: ACCB Passage Three 51-55: BBDBC Passage Four 56-60: DDAAD Passage Five 61-65 BCADA Cloze: 66-70: CBABD 71-80: CBDAA 81-85: ACDCA

Corrections Key to Test One Vocabulary: Section B 36-40 DBCAD Key to Test Two Vocabulary: Section A: 1-5 DADCD 6-10 BCABC 11-15 DCCCD Key to Test Three Vocabulary: Section A: 1-5 DBCCC 6-10 DCBDC 11-15 ACCBA 16-20 CAACB 21-25 ADCCD

Section B:

26-30 CBBBC 31-35 DBADC 36-40 ABBCD 41-45 AABAB 46-50 CCDCB Key to Test four Part I Vocabulary and structure Section A

1-5 CACCD 6-10 CADBC 11-15 DBACC 16-20 ACCCD Section B 21-25: ACBDB 26-30: ACDCA 31-35 ABDDB 36-40 ABCDB Reading comprehension: Passage One 41-5: ADBCC Passage Two 46-50: ACCB Passage Three 51-55: BBDBC Passage Four 56-60: DDAAD Passage Five 61-65 BCADA Cloze: 66-70: CBABD 71-80: CBDAA 81-85: ACDCA

第二篇：研究生英语读写佳境课文译文及答案(Units 1-8)

第一单元 有安吉尔瀑布和德弗尔峡谷的Canaima生态之旅

我把包扔进后座，来到旅客一排座位，滑进前面的座位。一会儿车轮转动，我们去Canaima国家公园的旅行开始了。我们爬到大约5000英尺的巡航高度，在这个高度之上，丛林像巨大的绿色地毯，除了红河像蛇一样蜿蜒前行。我们的飞行员沿邱伦河河道往前飞行，当它接近平顶山边缘时，飞机沿着世界上最长的瀑布—-强劲的安吉尔瀑布的流轨猛地往下俯冲，正如安吉尔瀑布坠入德弗尔峡谷一样。

半个小时后，我们的飞机降落在泥泞的跑道上，路边有6个泥土垒成的小屋构成了一个当地Pemon印第安族人的村落。随着旅行继续下去，我对旅客的稀少感到惊讶，任何地方都没有比德弗尔峡谷更让人惊讶的了。该峡谷是一个位于高度为3,200英尺(大约975米)的安吉尔瀑布底部的有利于欣赏瀑布主要地方。这是我所见过的最令人敬畏的景观之一，但几乎同样令人难以置信的是我们竟是那里唯一的一批游客。

为什么会这样呢？毕竟，即使阴天在尼亚加拉瀑布景点你也只能在拥挤的人群中勉强移动脚步。Canaima路途遥远是一个原因，没有道路直达那里，因此你必须从离委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯一小时路程的奥尔达斯港包机到达。航班有限，票价昂贵。另一个原因是到直到最近委内瑞拉政府才开发了Canaima和安吉尔瀑布的旅游项目。来这里的少数游客大部分直接飞往Canaima村，从村庄到瀑布是最便捷的路线，但路上还需要乘船3小时并经过相当有挑战性的两小时徒步旅行。

组织安吉尔瀑布生态游的导游采取了非常有趣的方式，因为他们更强调森林公园以及生息于此的人们而非安吉尔瀑布本身。他们营造出一种让我感到真正独一无二的体验。在很大程度上这是因为我们和Pemon印第安人有亲密接触，安吉尔瀑布生态之旅带来的收益占了Pemon印第安人收入的5%。我以前曾在土著村庄住过几次，我深刻地认识到游客们之所以受到欢迎是因为他们为当地村庄相当可观的旅游收入。然而Pemon印第安人是非常慷慨的主人。从我们到达村庄的那一刻起，可以清楚地看出他们真的想与我们共享他们的文化并且了解我们。

我们睡在他们的茅草棚里，和他们踢足球，吃传统的食物，如用甲虫辣酱蘸过的木薯面包，甚至学会了一些Pemon印第安语（虽然大部分人至少会说一些西班牙语）。我最深的记忆是有个晚上看着三代Pemon印第安人穿着传统服装跳庆典舞蹈。当Pemon族人和游客喝了越来越多家酿的木薯啤酒后，当时的情景就变得越来越有趣了。我们的拘束感迅速消失，不知不觉中我们和他们一起翩翩起舞了。

通过与这些Pemon印第安人的接触，我们对他们所居住的土地有了特别的了解。他们是我们徒步旅行的向导，并且把我们带到一些神圣的景点。这些地方包括有着类似人脸的怪异岩石的洞穴，可以在巨大浪花下游泳的高高的瀑布，河中的这些浪花形成了天然的漩水（按摩）浴缸。河岸上粉红色的沙石可以用做天然美容面膜。当我们穿越森林的时候，这些土著人指给我们看那些他们药用和祭祀（庆典）用的植物和树木。考虑到森林公园的超凡脱俗，当我听说有大量的植物群包括一些食肉植物是本地区特有的，我一点也不感到惊讶。

Pemon人还向我们介绍了他们的信仰和灵性体系。我听说地球上那些连接马丘比丘和巨石阵精神中心的主要能量子午线，也穿越了Canaima这个地方。在那儿呆了几天以后，我对这种说法一点也不怀疑了。我们这个旅游团队几乎每个人都说做过清晰的梦。那地方神秘的事物随处可见：尽管当地从来不打雷下雨，可夜空中经常发生闪电现象。据说，那个地方出现的UFO现象多于世界上任何其他地方。不管你是否相信，旅行结束的时候每个人都感觉自己的电池已经充满了电。

虽然这次旅行很令人兴奋，但我认为并适合每个人。生态之旅意味着负责责的产生较小影响的旅游，而且通常会使旅游者“风餐露宿”，吃苦受罪。这次旅行也不例外。我们在五个晚上中有三个是睡在吊床的，而吊床并不适合每个人的体型。对于日照、流汗、蚊虫叮咬、或者对穿很少或光着身子在河里洗澡你不可以有反感的心理。为期一周的旅行每人花1500美元是很物有所值的，不过对有些人来说还是太贵了。如果你付得起这笔钱，又不介意几只蚂蚁爬进你的裤子里，这种旅行将会带给你难以置信的独一无二的体验，让你终生难忘。

第二单元 死亡的权利

在荷兰，一个医生平均每天有六次会给病人实施积极安乐死，即给要求摆脱痛苦的病入膏肓的病人服用毒药。一天有二十多次，当没有彻底治愈的希望时，延续生命治疗就会被停止或取消。按照荷兰的法律，实施积极安乐死仍然被视为犯罪行为，将被判处12年的监禁。但在过去的15年里，一系列法庭案件已经清楚地表明，一个合格（胜任）的医生实施安乐死将不会被起诉。

安乐死，经常被称为“无痛苦致死术”，在西欧无论哪里都是一种犯罪行为。但在英国，西德，荷兰和其他地方，越来越多的医生和护士欣然承认曾实施过安乐死，且大多数时候是“消极”安乐死，即停止或取消治疗。长期不温不火地争论的安乐死问题最近已经演变成为激烈的公众大讨论，正反双方都声称是在维护正义。反对方认为自己是在维护神圣的生命可贵的原则，正方则举起了人道主义地对待的旗帜。多年不为人支持的正方现在赢得了阵地。最近一份英国的民意测验表明有72%的人赞成一定条件下的安乐死。令人吃惊的是，根据去年在法国的调查，有76%的人希望法律有所改变，即对减轻对使用安乐死的处罚。

至少在1936年，安乐死还是备受争议的话题。那时候有些著名的英国人组织了第一个自愿安乐死的协会，在上议院引入了一项法案，这项法案将使在严格条件下实行的安乐死合法化。但是这个法案失败了，之后引入上议院的其它三个法案也是如此。安乐死法规在1978年也被引入了法国参议院，但很快就被投票否决。尽管如此，这些年来在欧洲支持安乐死和“协助自杀”的压力集团在稳固地成长。

近来人们对安乐死兴趣高涨的原因并不难找到。欧洲人，像美国人一样，现在寿命比以前长了。欧洲的男性平均寿命是72岁，女性为80岁。Derek Humphrey是英国支持“理性安乐死”的领军人物，他说“久治不愈的慢性疾病取代急性病成为导致死亡的主要原因”。

因此这些安乐死的支持者更加有力地宣传安乐死计划。他们说每个人都有“有尊严的死”的权利，意思是有权利躲避痛苦的耻辱的住院治疗的恐惧经历。大部分自愿安乐死的拥护者声称死亡的权利仅仅给予那些来日无多的和无法治愈的病人们，但是这项运动中的少数人赞成理性地决定死亡的人也可以选择安乐死。

尽管关于积极安乐死的报道很少，在欧洲的医院里各种各样的安乐死都有实行，甚至在荷兰也是如此。荷兰莱顿大学的生理伦理学教授Helene Dupuis先生说：“我可以确定，在荷兰没有一位肺癌患者是自然死亡的。”英国自愿安乐死组织的主席Jean Davies说：“在英国有许许多多偷偷摸摸的地下行为”。同时，在法国最近播出的黄金时段电视节目中，Odette Thibaut医生平静地宣布他已经“送走”了三位病入膏肓的病人，并且她本人已经决定在进入癌症末期以前，以自杀来结束生命，从她现在所受的痛苦中解脱。

许多的专家认为不管法律作何规定，安乐死都将继续实行。没有哪一个欧洲国家曾像荷兰那样对安乐死这个问题有过如此大的争论。荷兰对安乐死问题的广泛关注始于1973年，当时，人们发现一位普通实习医生Geertruida Postma蓄意弑母，她给年迈瘫痪的母亲注射过量吗啡，而杀死了她。法官判处她一个星期的监禁，缓刑一年。在接下来许多年的的案件中，荷兰法庭和检察官们逐渐形成了稳固的模式：当安乐死是在严密监管的条件下（包括在病人陈述死亡愿望的情况下）执行的时候，实施安乐死的医生将不会被起诉。现在在荷兰医院一般实习医生经常地实施安乐死，然而这样的死亡已被列为“死于自然原因”。在荷兰，癌症病人和多种硬化症的病人是最常见的安乐死实施对象。但是去年一份来自阿姆斯特凡的官方报道说有11 位艾滋病人是由于医院或其私人医生的蓄意过量用药而死亡的。

在英国，虽然有一个已经运作了半个世纪的支持安乐死的游说团体，但是真正法律上的改变还是不可能有。积极安乐死依然是种犯罪行为，“协助自杀”也是。在最近的1984年，一个叫Helen Charlette Hough的义工被判处了9个月的监禁。因为他给一个82岁的孤独痛苦的早期耳聋和失明的老妇人提供了毒药。一年以后，英国自杀案的一项温和的修正案在提到上议院的第一轮辩论中就被迅速否决了，在辩论中Baroness Macleod把它描述为“谋杀许可证”。

尽管如此，积极和消极安乐死在英国的医院里还是在发生。一份民意调查表明了大部分民众赞成法案使安乐死合法化。而且近一半的医生表示如果安乐死合法化他们就会实施。尽管有一些例外，英 国法庭在医生或近亲执行安乐死的案件上越来越宽容了。去年秋天，19名有威望的英国医生写了封公开信呼吁将对艾滋病晚期病人实施的安乐死合法化。

尽管在过去的十年里对安乐死的支持在迅速增长，反对也变得越来越尖锐。一些赞成者的狂热行为为反对者提供了反击的证据。他们声称自愿安乐死的合法化会成为各种安乐死滥用的罪恶借口。去年12月份，阿姆斯特丹儿童癌症中心的专家Piet Voute教授说，他曾经给40名15至18岁的病人致命药片，并且有人服用药片来自杀。就连荷兰的安乐死支持者也谴责他的这种行为，基督教派的民主人士把他的行为描述为“公共健康体系彻底失败”的证据。

法国的预防儿童残疾协会近期在督促一项允许医生杀死出生72小时内后有严重残疾的新生儿童的议案。这个议案在法国激起了众怒。巴黎大教主，红衣主教Jean Maria Lustiger,把这个想法谴责为“与我们国家和文明不相符的野蛮行为”。不可避免的，批判家们把这个计划比作由纳粹实施的安乐死计划，在那个计划中，有七万多智障和残疾人被屠杀，只是为了“纯净雅利安民族”。希特勒这个消除社会上最弱人群的恐怖计划在欧洲关于安乐死的辩论中被提及。反对安乐死的人会说这将导致纳粹暴行的重演。安乐死的赞成者回应说他们所倡导的和希特勒所做的是完全对立的，他们寻求的是个人决定何时死如何死的权利，而纳粹者则是把死亡强加于受害者。

许多基督教派的成员反对安乐死的根据是它违背了第六条戒律“你不应该杀生”。一位英国医学伦理学方面的权威人士Luck Gormally说，不管病人要求死亡的理由多么的令人信服，这种情况需要我们作出一个决定，即这个病人的生命是否“值得活”。

这种权利在最近的将来似乎任何时候都不大可能得到法律上的认可的，即使在荷兰，议会上的法案把讲安乐死局限在少数病例上，并且对那些病例采取周密的安全防范措施。

第三单元 生活是一场赌博

人生的大部分是一场赌博。许多我们不辞辛苦去做的事都包含着风险。在很多的情况下，如不遗余力地争取新工作，参加新活动，开始一项新生意或者开始新的追求的时候，都没有考虑我们这些行为的后果。当我们与异性交朋友开始约会并确定关系最后毅然作出结婚的决定时，我们没有意识到我们一直在赌博。不仅结婚时一场冒险，生育子女更是一个冒险。当我们决定要小孩的时候，我们从不知道新生儿会长的怎么样。夫妇们茫然不知所措，忐忑不安，希望新生儿会健康。但是如果新生儿有缺陷时，他们的心就会痛苦并且后悔做出了这样的决定。除了结婚，去新的地方旅行，在路上驾驶，乘坐飞机，签署商业合约甚至无意中说的话都可能很快导致最终的悲剧。然而，我们一直在赌博，与命运，与机遇，与未知在赌博（抗争）。

赌博只有两种可能，成功和失败。从事物的光面来看，我们赢了。只要我们与命运搏斗，形势经常有利于我们，尤其是我们运用常识的时候。举个例子，一个女人没有赢得男人爱的魅力，他可能会以其成功的事业为荣，而不会因为长相平平而后悔。有一些伟大的女性并不服从男人的统治和命运的安排，结果她们却拥有了其他女性所没有的幸福。对我们很多人来说，赌博在很多的情况下，是抵制乏味和冷漠的无毒的药，有助于我们保持良好的脾气和心态，具有耐心，乐观向上，而这些能给我们带来很大的好处。总之，赌博是各种生命形势特征。敢于赌博的人比犹豫不决的人更能赢得机会。不冒险的人满足于平淡无奇的生活。但是有一点他们要牢记在心，那就是他们没有权利血口喷人或谩骂中伤通过赌博而成功的人。事实上没有人有权利谴责赌博，因为没有人敢说他们从不赌博，即使是花一点点钱去买一张足彩或幸运彩票。

然而，从事物的消极面来看，当赌博的本能变得过分强烈的话，就会出问题。这很像喝酒：适量的喝酒不会有坏的影响，但是醉酒个酗酒会导致麻烦。如果一个人迷恋赌博到了疯狂的程度，他不仅仅会失去多年辛苦工作得来的财富，而且也会失去他的尊严和良心，更糟的是失去他的家人，父母和妻儿。他会饱受挫折，被夺去物质上的舒适和精神上的安宁。我们经常听到妻子们抱怨丈夫把钱会活在喝酒、吸毒和赌博这一类的事情上面，而这些事对家庭成员没有带来任何好处。

赌博最让人迷惑的是大部分不能收手，即使是在轻松挣钱或输得精光的情况下。后者的例子非常 多。有个叫特德的人偶然赢得了二千美元，他欣喜若狂。自此以后，他更加贪财并且赌博上瘾到没有任何人任何事能阻止他。但是幸运之神并不总是眷顾他，他也并不总是一帆风顺。当他输的时候，他仍无视眼前的危险时，取而代之的是继续赌博直至输得精光。当然他会失去很多，而且麻烦也随之而至。为了继续赌下去，他开始偷窃、抢夺、扒窃、商店偷窃并实施各种各样的犯罪活动。他现在有了一种病，一种可怕的，危及到他生命的疾病。

虽然说赌博是消极的，但如果适度的话它是没有任何坏处的。也就是说,如果一个人坚持一定的限度，那么赌博就是一种带来的快乐游戏而不是万恶之源。赌博存在于所有的社会中，我们最希望做到的是控制赌博。为了达到控制赌博的目的，我们应该培养对许多其他活动兴趣，从而使赌博作为调节无聊乏味生活的一种良方而失去它的魅力。赌博可以被视为偶尔的略微令人激动的游戏，但永远不能看得太重。对于那些迷恋赌博以及债台高筑的人来说,他们真的应该要三思而后行，悬崖勒马了。如果他们能像扔掉一个烫手土豆一样戒掉赌博，并且坚韧不拔，他们当然能扭转局面,开始全新的生活。反之，如果他们固执己见不肯放弃的话，他们必定会把他们自己带入更加灾难性的境地，而这肯定不是赌博者希望得到的。

第四单元 宽容是良药

不管我们做什么，不管我们是否愿意，我们总是与其他人相联系。不管我们做什么，即使是单独做，也受其他人的影响。从我们出生时起，他人总是深入我们的生活，几乎影响到我们的一切。

不仅其他人影响着我们，我们同时也在影响着其他人。试想一下在荒漠里的徒步旅行。如果你带着收音机，你可能会破坏一些其他人的平和与宁静。如果你乱扔垃圾，你就会破坏那个地区的自然美。你对他们可能还有别的影响。你可能会去买徒步旅行的靴子，因为你经常去徒步旅行。你可能会去买背包装衣服和其他装备。通过买这些东西，你和其他的徒步旅行者促进了商业的发展，你们帮助了做靴子的人，做帐篷的人，售货员和其他的人，为他们提供了工作。旅行中你也许会带上食物，你会去买，还是亲自去种呢？即使是亲自去种，你要从其他人那里购买种子或是肥料。这样你就为其他人提供了更多的工作岗位。

事实上我们都依赖着他人，都希望着生活得开心，能和他人和睦相处。然而，事情并不总是我们希望的那样。我们可能会与家人有摩擦，或是与周围的邻居有争吵，我们可能会跟同事生气或是得罪老板，我们可能会与我们的近亲或远亲断绝来往，会与亲密的朋友绝交。其他人可能会看不起我们，或者是在公共场合故意中伤我们，一些人甚至会暗箭伤人、背后打击我们，或者说我们的坏话。

如果这些事情有发生的话，请记住要保持冷静，不要动不动就勃然大怒。你不应该为了消气而说出亵渎上帝的言论，否则你将会使冲突恶化，伤害到你与争吵者未来的关系，这样你会使自己处于困境之中。如果恰巧与身边的人发生摩擦了，试着平心静气地去与对方坦诚布公地谈心，但这并不表示你忍气吞声，低头认输，除非你的对手是怀有敌意的。

面对不愉快的遭遇，你不必憎恨人类或陷于绝望。相反的，你应该充满人道和自信，因为总是有很多的机会让他人理解你，并改进与他们的关系。从另一方面说，如果你充满仇恨，采取以牙还牙的策略，说一些胸襟狭隘的话，你将会陷入更多麻烦，因为恶有恶报。

当然，没有人喜欢忍气吞声。但是报复并不利于内心平衡。你说的和做的都应该是理智的，否则你会追悔莫及。不必说的是，如果你为人随和、宽容，你将没有什么可担心的；反过来，如果你固执己见，变得倔强，那么你必定会遭受重大的损失或至少会让自己不受欢迎，这些都会给你带来很大的压力。

成功的人不到生死关头很少与人发生冲突。他们知道怎样顺应潮流，说话能迎合其他人的口味。他们说话恰如其分，做事适可而止。他们擅长于使自己适应周围环境并取悦于他人。然而，有些人目光短浅，不愿取悦他人，最后他们只会使自己与他人隔绝起来，变得不受欢迎。当然这也不是他们所希望的。所以如果你希望生活得快乐，就试着去变得善良，有仁慈心，能容忍并为人随和。你不去爱别人和理解别人，就不会得到别人的爱和理解。

第五单元 我们为什么笑？

为什么我们会笑？大部分的人都会说那是因为我们呢找到饿了一些有趣的事情，Robert Provine 是马里兰大学的行为精神生物学家。他曾经也是这样认为的，但是他和她的学生们开始散步在大学校园里，手里拿着笔记本，准确的记下引人发笑的原因。

记录下一千两百个“笑的奇闻轶事”后，Provine相信大部分的笑与开玩笑的和滑稽的故事没有关联，绝大部分的笑是出现在像“遇到你很高兴”或是“我可以加入你们吗？”这样的普通话语之后。仅仅有百分之十至二十的笑是出现在和妙句有一点点联系的话语之后，既然如此大部分发笑的原因是什么呢？

对这个答案的搜寻使得我们直面这样的问题，对人类人类情感好坏的研究，你可以想象情感的社会环境显而易见，但是你会意识到人们在他们紧张，高兴，失望，快乐时，甚至有时仅仅因为其他人在笑也在笑。

你也许开始相信情感已发展为某种相当复杂的东西，要求大脑的变化，认知中心对像妙语这样的微妙的话语作为回应。然后你会认识到许多人无法使自己奉命发笑或是压制得住自然而然的笑。Provine说，笑并不是产生于我们的意识，而是产生于我们大脑中原始的超感官的那一部分，“我们讨论的是我们原始本性深处的那部分东西”。

Provine是那些位数不多的不是凭轶事和主观臆测的科学家之一。他是像动物行为学家研究鸟叫和狼嚎那样来研究笑。他相信笑像鸟叫那样起着某些社会信号的作用，并且其他也相信这个，研究也表明，人们在社交场合比他们独处时多笑三十部，在缺少电视机这样的虚拟社会刺激物的情况下，甚至，氧化氢或者说笑气，也会失去了它的作用。如果一个人在独处时吸入的话。

对很多研究者来说，笑正在加强社会的沟通和联系。“当人们舒适的与其他人在一起，当他们开放和自由的时间笑就会发生。笑的越多，彼此间的联系就越密”

Mahadev Apte说的人们之间紧密联系会造成人们更过紧密的联系，这样环环相扣的循环，加上人们不愿意单单从组织上挑出的愿望，有助于解释笑是传染性的，有非常的强。打个比方，在1962年，Tanganylka 的一所学校的女孩子又流行笑的笑病。大笑不止六个月，迫使当地的政府关闭了学校。

John Morreal说人类发现首次笑可以追溯到远古时代，作为一个在危险过去时人们发出共同的如释重负的标志出现的，John Morreall是佛罗里达南部的一所大学的生物学家，他在工作的地方开办研究幽默的研究班。他指出，“笑是我们可以放松的信号。当人们笑时，身体的全部肌肉确实会放松，大部分的人知道笑的厉害，他们会抓住一些东西以防止笑的摔倒，由于这种肌肉的放松使身体不可能发生戒备，笑是对同伴信任的标志。是解除戒备的仪式。这要以解释为什么陌生人的逗乐不能使人发笑。为什么与老朋友的偶遇往往会引发旨在增强社会联系的笑。

政治家和演讲者知道笑的力量能消除隔阂并和观众建立联系。” Morreall说肯尼迪总统很大部分的魅力是自嘲。通过让观众与他一起笑。肯尼迪消除了他富有，高贵的身份与普通选民之间的社会差异。几乎每次餐后演讲者以笑话作开场白是因为相似的原因。

笑不仅仅增强联系也要可以让人排除在外，这是另一位美国总统付出代价意识到的。福特总统遭受许多大量大家都知道的不幸事件。包括他从总统的座机上摔下来。Morreall说公众对福特的嘲笑不亚于他自己。“笑常常可以联合一个团体对抗外来者

同样的，只有一个人在笑其他人都不笑，这标志着这个人是外来者，单口相声演员知道这种风险，在他们常规剧目表演中往往会融入提供的话语，比如说语调的变化，让观众知道怎么时候笑，这是Jason Rutter 说的，他是Salford 大学研究喜剧的社会学家。

讲笑话也是很有风险的。如果没有人笑这么办？这个观点有助于解释研究发现地位高的人，部落的长老或是工厂的老板比地位更低的人更能动用幽默。当老板笑时，其他的人也都笑了。在这样的情况下，控制整个团队的笑成为一种行使权利的方式。” Morreall说“他们实际上控制着整个团队的情感。”

笑在全力使用上的差异可以来解释Provine和他的研究者们所做出的发现。被其他的一些研究所 证实，虽然不是全部的听众，尤其是女性，当演讲者是男性时与平常相比多笑50%。这可能所映男人和女人用笑时的差异，或者仅仅是表明在社会当中男人在社会中具有更大的权利，没有人在这个方面做严谨的研究将这两者分开。其中一个方法是看看男女观众在听撒切尔夫人讲笑话时，是不是比其他男性讲笑话时笑的少、但是笑远比着这复杂得多，人不仅感觉良好时会笑，不舒适时也会笑，一些精神分裂患者饱受阵阵病态的笑的折磨，而且他们常说这种状态伴随着危险的降临而出现，同时还伴随着对这种威胁无能为力的担忧。

但是笑为什么会在这种情况下或是为难的尴尬或是失望？Provine说这很清楚，笑与人类其他的行为一样逐渐进化来改变其他人的行为。然而笑的表达情感这一方面，是没有什么进化上的优势的。在尴尬或其他事其他危险情况下，笑可能充当着如释重负的标心。是一种平息怒火的方式。日过威胁的一方也加入笑的话，对抗的风险就降低了。Lawrence Mintz说，如果我可以把我们的笑话转化为轻松地谈话，我就不会再有威胁了。

与主要把笑解释成为增进人们的联系方式这些理论相反的是第二个阵营的人会吧笑首先看成是侵略行为。Charles Grune说，“笑等于胜利”，他相信笑起源于战士击败敌人时发出的胜利与嘲弄的叫喊声。

作为证明，他声称在每个幽默事件当中都能找到侵略因素，甚至是最没有伤害的人，甚至是婴儿，他的笑并不是和他的父母增强联系而是因为父母给与了他想要的东西。

其他专家承认至少有某种笑，尤其是男性的笑，从本质上来说是咄咄逼人具有攻击性，但据户没有人同意Gruner认为所有笑具有攻击性的论断。婴儿的笑是在他们没有自我意识之前就笑了。Morreal认为，“很显然他们在笑不是因为他们打败了敌人”

最后，人们为什么笑的令人信服的解释必须有待更多更好的数据来证明。笑在如此多的场景中出现，以至于研究者们觉得自己试图和九头蛇作战。当讲到控制情绪时，Morreal说，“克服恐惧感是很容易的事情。控制愤怒也是小菜一碟。甚至控制爱也比控制笑容易得多。”

第六单元 提尴尬问题的艺术

1.年轻人在选择大学的时候最好听听父母的意见，一点聪明和经验是大有帮助的。

2.我是个固执的父母亲，我以此为豪，像我这样的父母亲对大学来说是不受欢迎的，但是我陪同我的孩子参加大学的开放日，因为我们 能对他们的未来产生影响。

3.怎样对他们的未来产生影响呢？通过我们比他们年长，更有智慧，问些难以回答的尴尬的问题。4.开放日不仅仅是大学炫耀他们的大礼堂，研究会议室和宿舍楼，展示他们的教授名单，在食堂就餐的场合，虽然常常确实如此。

5.大学里会给父母亲和他们未来的学生们机会来问关于教师的问题以及去发现他们的老师是多么的著名。

6.通过参加开放日，父母亲和他的孩子们可以批判校园文化，找出教学楼和设备。评估教学水平，了解目前在校生的规模，家长可以多找笔记。

7.Pascal, 我19岁的儿子，我去参加过曼彻斯特，利物浦，萨利郡，利兹，牛津等大学的开放日。8.发现有很大有不同，有些东西通过阅读校方的宣传资料，或是点击大学的网页，或是长期熏陶是根本找不到的，没有什么比亲眼目睹更好的啦。

9.如果我的儿子依年轻人的自己的意愿，他会选择有漂亮的女生和女生比率比男生高的学校。（调查表明）

10.在他的先后重要事物的排列表上高高在上的是：美食，学生联盟，便宜的啤酒，舒适的氛围，夜生活，奢侈的学生宿舍和低廉的生活费用。

11.我有不同的资料，这些是毋庸置疑的重要：学术水准和声誉，教职员的知我度，学校排名，整体地位和以后容易找工作。12.Pascal 也同意这些有意义的（当然如果有漂亮的女生和便宜的啤酒）

13.“父母和孩子有不同的关注点”，他说，“这是对未来很重要的，它将会给你第二个意见。”他在下个月将去牛津大学。

14.很多大学尽全力想要父母和他们的孩子分开，部分原因是父母会对小孩子产生重要的影响，但是他们没有足够的空间来容纳。

15.毫不例外的，学生的活动安排是很让人感兴趣的。所以，我伪装成成熟的学生溜到学生会议的最后一排去，为什么我要去听学生宿舍和福利的会议，二孩子们要去听将开设什么样的课程和见老师。

16.大学里经常说学生首先以他们真正想要学的科目为依据来选择学校，这时因材施教的例子，如何了解一所大学里开设的特殊的课程大大不同于其他大学的课程呢，你只能通过学校开放日活动你才会自己把这些弄清楚。

17.Marc Kendal，19岁，来字伦敦南部。他说：“参加诺丁汉大学开放日的有上百万人。”“我选择诺丁汉大学时是因为这里经济学老师比较年轻，可以拿得出手，穿套装，听懂他讲的内容并有很好的ppt来教学。

18.“在相里斯多大学，经济学方面的都是些老家伙，看上去都要睡着的样子。在伦敦大学饿那些人看上去似乎一点也不了解。我只有去参加开放日。”

19.对一所大学表现出有兴趣也是有帮助的。我不知道他们是否会记录下参加开放日的人的名字，但有一点我怀疑大学里更加可能偏爱那些曾经来参观该学校的申请者。

20.最为重要的是通过参加学校里的开放日可以发现子女和不进那所选中的学校是有差异的。怎样形成差异呢？问一些孩子们想不到的问题。

21.一般来说，学生们所向往的问题是课业负担，论文数，课堂数量和就业前景，但是在牛津大生的开放日。一个父母问了个独特的问题：“怎样把面试弄糟糕”？

22.对这些问题的答案心中有数，申请者会做好更好的准备。当然当这些学生进入大学以后，几乎所有的赞誉这些学校都当之无愧。

第七单元 文化的全球化不是美国化

人们对于全球化正在造成的令人麻木的文化同一性的担心，正如现今的可口可乐、麦当劳和米老鼠普遍存在。不管是欧洲人和拉丁美洲人，左右翼分子，还是富人和穷人——所有人都担心地方文化和民族特性正溶合成一种完全美国式的消费主义。据说那种文化帝国主义将美国的价值观和产品强加于人，牺牲真真实可靠的东西来来推销盈利性商品，并且用肤浅的满足来取代更深层次的满足。

如果全球化的评论者较少痴迷于“可口可乐殖民主义”，他们有可能会注意到一个丰富多彩的文化大融合，这种文化多元化证明了人们对美国化的担忧是错误的。阿尔及利亚人在巴黎练习泰国拳;亚洲的吟游诗人在伦敦吃土耳其比萨；萨尔曼拉什迪用他那些英印传说来愉悦世界各地的读者。不管发生怎样的变化，尽管文化全球化有其弊端，但这种相互得益的交流永远是一种势不可挡的力量。

全球化的优点在于它可以使人们摆脱地理条件的限制。仅仅因为某人出生在法国就意味着他们只热衷于讲法语，吃法国食品，阅读法文书籍，参法国观博物馆等，是不合理的。一名法国或美国人，因为同样的原因，可以在西班牙或佛罗里达度假，品尝寿司或意大利面，喝可乐或智利葡萄酒，欣赏好莱坞大片或阿莫多瓦的文艺片，听印度班格拉音乐或美国饶舌乐，练瑜珈或跆拳道，翻阅世界时装之苑或经济学家杂志，结交世界各地朋友。我们正日益自由地选择我们的文化阅历，大大丰富我们的生活。

全球化不仅提升个人自由，而且通过外交，技术和市场来使本土文化和文化工艺品重现活力。繁荣文化不是一成不变的。文化总是内外都发生变化。每一代都会挑战前人。科学和技术改变我们看待自己和世界的方式；时尚流行奔流不息；生活经验和经历的事件影响我们的信念；外界环境对我们的影响有利有弊。全球化涉及美式同一性，而不是爆炸似的文化交流，这点毫无道理。首先，许多典型的“美国”的产品并不是纯美国的。德国移民利维斯特劳斯，把斜纹布和丹宁布结合起来发明了牛仔裤，这是一种热那亚水手穿的裤子风格。这样，Levi's牛仔裤，其实是美国捻线与欧洲的混合。即使是典型的美国出口的产品也是为了适应当地人的口味。亚洲的MTV促成了泰国流行巨星的出现，促使他们使用普通话来演绎摇滚乐。麦当劳公司在法国销售啤酒，在印度出售羊肉，在墨西哥卖红番薯。

在某些方面，美国是一个局外人，而不是全球领导人。世界上大多数国家已采用了源于法国大革命的公制，而美国坚持使用源自英国殖民地时期的古老的度量衡。大部分发达国家都已经变得非常世俗了，而很多美国人充满对原教旨主义，比如中东的穆斯林主义，的狂热。世界上已经没有哪个发达国家就教孩子圣经中的“神创论”，还是达尔文的进化论，进行如此严肃的争论了。

美国人的体育口味往往也是奇特的。尽管篮球已经得到相当的发展，棒球和美式足球却没有得到广泛传播。许多世界上最受欢迎的运动，尤其是足球，来自英国。亚洲武术（比如柔道、空手道、跆拳道）以及瑜伽那样的消遣运动，也席卷全球。

在流行音乐方面，美国的低吟歌手没有独占舞台。2000年全球十大唱片中有重要地位的三位艺术家，其中有美国的布兰妮，紧随其后的是墨西哥的卡洛斯桑塔纳和英国披头士乐队。流行歌剧的最大唱家是意大利的帕瓦罗蒂，西班牙的卡雷拉斯，和墨西哥籍的西班牙后裔多明戈。拉丁美洲萨尔萨舞曲，巴西伦巴达，非洲音乐都已经在全球占有一席之地。在大多数国家，地方艺术家仍然居于流行榜首位。

在世的最著名作家之一的是生活在哥伦比亚的加布里埃尔，《百年孤独》的作者。另一位著名作家保罗科埃略是巴西人，他的《炼金术》和其他一些书籍已经取得了数以千万计的全球销量。1990年，加拿大出品的喜剧浪漫爱情小说售出超过2亿本。这些书籍占美国大众市场平装本销售的五分之二。在讲英语的国家间最大的出版商是德国的贝塔斯曼，其于1998年收购了美国最大的蓝登书屋。

地方节目比美国电视节目吸引更多的眼球。尽管远销各国的电视剧中将近四分之三来自美国，大多数国家最受喜爱的节目仍是国产片。

美国也不是全球传媒产业的唯一活跃者。七大染指一切的市场主导者，其中有四个（美国在线时代华纳，迪斯尼，维亚康姆和新闻集团）是美国的，一个（贝塔斯曼）是德国的，一个（维旺迪）是法国的，一个（索尼）是日本的。他们分摊世界各地资源：贝塔斯曼出版美国作家的书籍，新闻集团广播亚洲新闻，索尼销售巴西音乐。

证据是坚不可摧的。对于美国化的恐惧是过于夸大了：美国的文化产品没有唯一的统治权，当地文化产品依然存在，而且存在得很好。

同样，一个大例外就是电影产业。好莱坞的一统天下并没有人们想的那么可怕。首先，要注意好莱坞并不像它所看上去的那么美国化。自从那个查理卓别林从英国漂洋过海而来，外国人就如潮水般涌入加利福尼亚，想要成为全球巨星，像他们看到的佩内洛普克鲁兹，凯瑟琳泽塔琼斯和伊万麦克格雷那样的巨星。顶级导演通常也不是美国人，比如，雷德利斯科特或已故的斯坦利库布里克。一些制片厂同样是外商独资：日本索尼拥有哥伦比亚电影公司，威望迪是法国的。美国时代华纳公司最近最大的热门专卖哈利波特和指环王，都是以英国书籍改编的，大部分启用英国演员，特别是指环王，还是由一位新西兰导演执导的。在一定程度上，好莱坞恰恰是一个在美国的全球性行业。它不是在出口美国价值观念，而是为全球观众而服务的。

另一个美国出口的产品也征服了全球：英语。大约3.8亿人把英语作为他们的第一语言，大约2.5亿人把英语作为第二语言。十亿人在学习英语，全世界大约有三分之一的人口会接触到它。据估计，到2050年，世界一半的人将或多或少精通它。英语作为全球通用语言对商人，科学家和游客而言定有其独到之处，但单一的语言远远不能让人满意。语言往往是国家文化的核心：如果法国人讲英语，那么他们就算不上是法国人。英语可能会取代其他语言，并不是因为人们喜欢讲英语，而是因为就像微软的软件一样，如果每个人都使用它，它就会有相当的优势。

越来越多的语言正濒临灭绝，但英语决不是导致这一现象的原因。人们在学习母语的同时也在学习英语，而不是用英语取代母语，而且经常也在学习许多其他语言。一些语言，比如冰岛语，几乎没有人讲，但是仍然在蓬勃发展。当地方语系消亡时，这是典型的语言竞争造成的。法国已全部消除普 罗旺斯语，德语也几乎消除了斯万比亚方言。所以尽管在美国地区，英语取代了美洲印第安语，却没能摒弃斯瓦希里语或挪威语。

虽然美国的消费文化很普遍，但其意义往往是夸大了。你可以选择喝可口可乐，吃麦当劳，而不做任何意义上的美国人。一家报纸登载的阿富汗塔利班武装分子的照片显示他们拿着卡拉什尼科夫冲锋枪同时也拿着带有耐克标志的小包。民族的文化（从它们共同的思想，信仰，知识，继承传统和艺术上讲），并不会仅仅因为商业产品就被侵蚀（尽管这些商品有各种各样的品牌），因为这充其量仅代表薄弱的价值观。

真正深刻的文化变化与可口可乐关系不大。西方关于自由主义和科学的观点正在扎根，几乎无处不在，而欧洲和北美因为接收主要来自发展中国家的移民，正日益成为文化多元化的社会。技术正不断重整文化：比如互联网。个人的选择粉碎了文化的单一性，新的混合文化不断出现，区域性的文化正重新兴起。国家的身份并没有消失，而民族的凝聚力不断松懈。

更大的担心是，日益增强的个人自由可能会以牺牲民族特性为代价。法国人担心，如果他们都选择观看好莱坞电影，他们可能会在不知不觉中失去集体的法国特性。然而，这种担心是过度了。自然的文化比人们想象的要强的多。他们可以接受或抵制一些外国势力的影响。外国势力可以迅速本土化，改变一个国家的文化，但不是摧毁它。德国人曾经反对足球，因为足球被认为是英国的，现在他们的足球队是民族自豪的象征。诺贝尔经济学奖得主阿马蒂亚森说的很对：对文化担忧的人常常对每一种文化都持不信任的态度，而且他们常常会低估我们从别处学习但同时又不被其被吞没的能力。

人们对科学和技术的信心越来越普遍。即使是那些谁仇视西方的人也会利用西方的技术。本拉登就是利用手机策划恐怖活动，用飞机来撞击摩天大楼的。反全球化的示威组织通过电子邮件和互联网来组织活动。中国不再对西方的技术嗤之以鼻：因为中国试图用西方技术来击败西方国家。

尽管西方的思想扩张到了发展中国家，但是全球化不是一条单行道。虽然欧洲的前殖民大国在世界许多地方都留下了他们的印迹，最近的人口移民与之前的方向相反。在巴黎郊区有阿尔及利亚聚居区，但在阿尔及利亚却没有法国的;在伦敦有巴基斯坦聚居区，而在拉赫尔却没有英国的。在欧洲越来越多穆斯林少数民族正在增长，中东的基督教徒却在渐渐消失。

外国人正在改变美国，即使他们采用的是美国的处事方式。每年大约有100万左右的移民迁入，其中大部分是拉美裔和亚裔。自1990年以来，外国出生的美国居民超过2500万，增加了600万，最大的移民浪潮是在20世纪之交。英语在美国之外可能是无坚不摧的，但在美国的一些地方，现在却输给了西班牙语。在未来25年内，美国的5000万新居民中预期一半将是移民或移民子女。

如今这一切的变化所带来的后果是国家文化分化万花筒。新的混合文化正在出现。在美国墨西哥区的人讲西班牙语。区域文化正在复兴。苏格兰和威尔士打破英国的单一文化。爱沙尼亚从苏联重生出来，曾经一段沉默的声音现在又开始重新说话了。

个人正在形成新的社区，这样的社区有着共同的利益和情感，是跨越国界的。与在度假时认识的外国人结交友谊，科学家们通过因特网分享各自的观点，环境保护主义者通过发送电子邮件号召共同行动，家庭音乐爱好者在网上交换网页地址。更严重的个人主义并不意味着这一社区的结束。新的社区是简单的选择参与，而不是像旧时的公社成员那样被强制要求加入。

这是否意味着国家身份的消亡？讲同一种语言的人，出生并生活在一起，面临着类似的问题，有共同的生活经验，参加同一选举，另外还有许多共同点。尽管我们都是把世界视为一个地方，但是我们不是这个世界的公民，而是我们国家的公民，但是，如果我们现在的民族凝聚力更加松散，那不是一件很糟糕的事吗？人们可能会哀叹旧方式的逝去，但实际上很多对于全球化的担忧只是重复了由来已久的担忧，只是对于经济衰退和一个黄金时代的失去及诸如此类的担忧而已。但总体来说，人民选择了新的途径，因为它们更切合目前的需要，并且能够提供新的机会，而这些是旧方式所无法给与的。

事实是，我们越来越多地自己界定自己，而不是让别人来界定我们。作为一个英国人或美国人，并不意味着你就一定是怎么样的，这只是你的一个部分而已。你可以在喜欢国外的东西的同时仍然和你的同胞紧密联系在一起。就像秘鲁作家马里奥巴尔加斯略撒曾写道：“试图为一个民族强加上一个文化特征，就等同于把他们关进监狱，并且拒绝给与他们最宝贵的自由，这种自由就是选择何种权利，如何选择和成为什么样人的权利。”

第八单元 在裁缝店

在伦敦喧嚣的摄政街和繁华的新邦德街之间，有一小片静得出奇的区域。它由许多看似平行，实际上却向各个方向延伸的短短的街道组成。乍一看，这些街道里好像满是古老的处理家庭纠纷的律师办事处。许多窗户上都有简易的铁丝网。这些公司具有一种神秘的高贵气息，就好像旧时学校的仆人，他们表面上一无所知，实际上却是无所不知。在这里几乎没有任何证据显示有买卖关系的存在。这里的电费一定非常少，因为没有刺眼的霓虹灯，也没有装饰俗丽的橱窗诱惑人们驻足徘徊。无论哪个季节，这里都没有优惠活动，没有人会邀请你多做停留，在这里，你时不时会看到一卷布，一条马裤，或者也有可能是一幅简朴图画，画中是一名穿着晚礼服的绅士。当你经过这里时，仿佛会听到这些东西在低语：“如果您是一位绅士，又希望穿上一套绅士的礼服，请到这儿来预订，我们将为您效劳。”至于价钱，当然不会提起，这个问题当然不会在这样有绅士风度的交易中提起的。因为在这片区域，有Savile街, Conduit街, Maddox街，另外，还有裁缝店——甚至是最著名的裁缝店。穿着一件廉价做工粗略的西装进入（这些裁缝店），那件劣质的衣服立刻会在某些部位显得松松垮垮，而其他地位又会显得紧紧凑凑。如果你有足够的勇气（就像我那次一样）穿着一件粗制的西装走进一家店里，你立马就会后悔。没人会说什么，但是这里任何高管的一个眼神就会让你恨不得扒下衣服，悄悄扔到垃圾桶里。

这里的静寂是意味深长的。有很好的理由把它描述成一个旧世界。在这样一个任何事情，只要它来得快，来得易，都会发生的现代世界里，这片地区遗憾地落伍了。这里仍然忙于追求昔日的尽善尽美。在铁丝网的背后，对完美的追求仍不停息。裁缝在这里依然是一门艺术。这里，仍会有人真诚地宣告：正如我们所知和应该知道的那样，裤子是一种美好的事物，最美的裤子。对他们而言，那些他们所作的最精细的缝线，可以给人以那种隐藏的很深但能博取人们眼泪的思绪。不像商人那样，他们并不是致力于取悦顾客，而是尽心让自己满意，这也证明了他们是艺术家而不是商人。作为店主的裁缝会让你一直试穿到你满意为止，而这些艺术家却持续地让你试，直到他们自己满意。这意味着在你已经失去所有的兴趣之后，他们还在让你试很久。你站在那里，仅仅是一副身躯或人样的模型，而他们依旧优美地用小折刀割开袖子和衣领，用固定或拔去别针，并用粉笔做一些神神秘秘的记号，而你早就不在想他们到底在忙什么了。过了一会，他们甚至还会淡定却很严肃地告诉你，他们需要再试一次。他们在我身上这样做，完全是出自对裁剪艺术的热情。

每次走进我自己的裁缝店，我都会满怀歉意。我很清楚我并不值得他们这样努力。就像一个没有音乐细胞的人被邀请在一个晚上去欣赏（匈牙利）弦乐器四重奏乐队的演奏一样。我是能够在两周内把任何衣服搞得破旧普通的那种人。或许是我总随身带着两三根大烟斗，两三盒火柴，两盎司的烟草，钱包，支票簿，日记，自来水笔，小刀以及一些零散的钥匙和零钱的缘故吧，那些破旧的信件就更不用提了。我无法理解一个人怎能既设法做到整洁漂亮，又做好其他事情。衣服穿得得体对我来说就是一件全职工作，而我却有许多其他更重要、更令我感兴趣的事情要做。我喜欢把衣服弄得鼓鼓的、沉甸甸的，好像我是睡在里面似的。我能够很轻快地在这里说这些，但一旦进入到我的裁缝店，我就会立刻感到歉意，他们没有说什么，但当他们把目光移到他们那被糟蹋了的“十四行诗”和“奏鸣曲”上时，目光里充满了忧伤和责备。或许有一天，我会穿着晚礼服去拜访他们，因为我相信它们还不至于糟糕到像休闲西服一样。但我不知道我是否会这样做，也许在我看来没什么大不了的事在他们眼里可是滔天大罪。或许我最好还是不要让他们看到他们的杰作遭遇了怎样的命运。当他们看见我无精打采地走进去，就像一个通过邮局购买衣服的人一样，他们或许悄声告诉别人：“他是那种在在白天穿衣都有点随随便便的绅士,如果他晚上还费神去打理一下他的衣服那才怪呢。”我听见他们愁眉苦脸地补充道，好像急于要说服自己。

然而，当他们让我进入一间令人恐惧的试衣间试衣的时候，他们就有了报复的机会。一旦我在那些地方待上十分钟，我就没有任何自尊可言了。那比在理发店理发还糟糕，几乎和在牙医诊所一样。像个哑巴一样站着，只是一具有血有肉的躯壳，这已经够糟了，但是那些镜子和灯光更是令人受不了。那些镜子亮闪闪的，衍生出一个无限空间。每边都是绿里带黄的隧道。我并介意这个，对那些隧道我仅仅有一点反感，而对那无限空间，我几乎毫无不快。我只是不喜欢的那里面我自己的形象，无论往哪看，我都看见一个样子无法让我开心的男人。他的头和身子相比显得太大了，而身子和腿相比又显得太大了。在这残酷的亮光中，他的脸显得臃肿、有点湿湿的，而且有一种莫名其妙的肮脏，除了他正在试穿的那件外衣，他身上的衣服松松皱皱、破破烂烂。他不注意领口和靴子的打理，没剪头发，胡子也刮得不仔细。从整个脸部看，很难使人对他产生信心。他的轮廓显得滑稽可笑，而背影更是恐怖。一个女人和几个小孩就靠这样一个家伙养活！一个男人竟然拥有这样一副脸孔和身躯，简直难以置信，但他对自己评价好的让人无法忍受。每当我想起这些的时候，我可能笑了一下。或者说看上去像笑了一下，但试衣间立即会出现二十个幽灵般的笑容的，使四处都起了皱纹，还有大量扭曲了的脸颊和下巴。而此刻，你却没有别的地方可看。

与此同时，裁缝们自己打扮整洁干净，动作灵巧，（他们）正忙着使用别针和粉笔。在这满是镜子的小小殿堂里，他们如同在家中一样毫无拘束，而且从任何一个角度的反射中，他们都显得那样的好看。他们假装对我俯首帖耳，但这是最无意义的伪装。他们知道——而且很清楚我也知道——我已经失去自我，成了他们手中的玩偶。他们的意见好像是最通情达理的，尽管事实上并不一定如此。但是就算他们仅仅是低声地说，该是在英国成立西班牙残暴的宗教（天主教）法庭的时候了，我也只能完全接受。这些试衣的、裁剪的以及其他的人并不是完全相同的。经常帮我做裤子的人和经常帮我做外套的人有很大的区别。做裤子的更加矮小、活泼、更加忙忙碌碌，爱讲闲话。长期的制裤（工作）使他更加大众化和世俗化。有许多次我都以为他跟我差不多了。而制衣的裁缝却非常冷漠。他表情冷淡、脸上看上去很健康，胡子刮得干干净净，就好像一个棕色的苹果；看起来既像个牧师，又像个外科医生，还像是个不大处理事务的律师，他浑身上下都干干净净、光彩夺目、毫无瑕疵。他对我就像我对别人的衣服一样毫无兴趣。有一次他屈尊地跟我讲了他儿子（在公立学校上学）的情况，我立刻感到无限的荣幸，以致对他所说的话都急于表示赞同。有几分钟，我完全活跃起来，几乎对我的外套产生了敬意。可是不一会儿他又变得严肃起来，从某处拔出一跟别针，又用粉笔做了一个记号。

我能够体会那些被迫与伟大的艺术家住在一起的人的感受。我也能够理解“九个裁缝凑成一个正常人”这句俗语的深层涵义。这些手拿别针和粉笔的艺术家是这样缺乏常人的个性，以致我们一定难以从他们中的九个身上拧出足够的亲善去拼凑成一个正常的公民。然而现在过分注重自己的衣着和外表的人死的死、散的散，他们的世界一定非常孤独。他们会接受我这样一个把口袋塞得满满的，把衣服弄得皱巴巴的人的称赞吗？

Key to the Exercises Unit One Text A

Warming-up

B.1.armchair travelers 2.budget travelers 3.family travelers 4.business travelers 5.adventure travelers

6.luxury travelers Comprehension B.1-f

2-c

3-d

4-a

5-e

6-b Vocabulary & Structure A.1.inhibitions

2.incredulous

3.endemic

4.eerie

5.exhilarated

6.lucid

7.decked out

8.awe-inspiring

9.plummeted 10.gracious

Translation

B 1.After climbing up to the top of the mountain and looking afar from the vantage point, I saw laid out before me a spectacular view, which was one of the most awe-inspiring view I have ever beheld;but equally exhilarating was the fact that some distance away a hawk was soaring high, and then, for an instant, it suddenly plummeted down into the canyon.2.My fondest memory is of spending a few days with a family in a mountain village, dinnering with them and enjoying various dishes endemic to the region.It is of mellow sweetness to have watched them, decked out in their traditional garb, moving around the house.Of course, a stay there for some more days involves some degree of „roughing-it‟.Unit Two Text A Comprehension

1.C

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.D Vocabulary & Structure A.1.elaborate 2.prosecution 3.controversial 4.ammunition 5.compassion

6.response 7.hospitalized 8.surged

9.moderately

10.zeal C.1.incurably ill 2.bring about

3.grown fast into 4.winning an advantage

5.given

6.hidden, stealthy

7.struggled with

8.mild, not harsh Translation B.1.Quite a few terminally ill patients would often like their doctors to administer lethal drugs to them to be relieved of suffering;there are also some of their families who would prefer that doctors withdraw any life-prolonging treatment since there is no hope of effecting an ultimate cure.This problem has lately boiled over into a fierce public debate in some European countries.2.Those who are opposed to „Euthanasia‟ believe that it is no different from murder and that it is unethical, while the pro-euthanasists contend that since the incurably ill consider their existence more of a torment and suffering, why not let them end their lives in a decent and humane way? We ought to respect the patients‟ final decision.3.The fear that „mercy killing‟ will be abused or used unnecessarily is not groundless.But with effective measures rigorously taken by the government and the departments concerned, and under tightly controlled conditions in hospitals, this problem would most probably be resolved in the end.Unit Three(Text A)

A.1.backwards 2.a babe 3.chance 4.odds 5.smites 6.splash 7.shinning 8.hasty B.1.C

2.A

3.B

4.G

5.D

6.F

7.H

8.E 1.The plunge we take is no different from the gamble we are taking against chance, against destiny, and in the course of it we may realize ourselves as an added bonus.And as a consequence we would be either bled white or finally make a career after painstaking efforts, or in rare cases, be continuously blessed with an unhindered advance, and we would take great pride in our obtained success.2.If a man makes gambling an obsession, he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.Therefore it is advisable that they beat a hasty retreat from such an indulgence and be away from the sea of troubles.3.On the bright side of the coin, we win in the struggle against destiny, and the odds are in our favor, then gambling is no longer a toxic drug, rather it is one against boredom and apathy, and may well preserve our good temper, patience and optimism, which will do us a world of good.Unit 4 Text A V & S

A.1.involved

2.touch 3..spoil 4.boost 5.get on 6.get in Dutch 7.flinging mud at

8.heart-heart 9.profusion 10.bit her tongue off Translation A.首先，教师应性情开朗，具有魅力。这不排除长相平平，甚至面貌丑陋者，他们或许更具魅力。但过于冲动者、郁郁寡欢者、冷酷无情者、尖酸刻薄者、愤世嫉俗者、怨天尤人者，以及自以为是、居高临下者却定要排除在外。再补充一点：应排除平庸者和性情不良者。还是我以前书中所言：“乏味或许比残暴更加催残学生。”其次，教师不仅需要而且必须拥有同情心——真正意义上的同情心；能够设身处地的亲听他人的心声，特别要能感孩子们所感，思孩子们所思，因为教师中多为中小学教师；还有与此密不可分的宽容——当然，宽容的不是错误本身，而是人类脆弱与幼稚的本性，这才是诱使人们尤其是孩子犯下种种错误的根本。

1． There are some successful people in every walk of life.On the one hand, their successes depend on their born genius, later effort and support from their family;on the other hand, their successes are attributed to virtues as a being.These successful people seldom contradict others unless in a life-and-death struggle.If necessary, they know how to swim with the tide and tailor their words to the tastes of other fellows..They will say things in season and do things in moderation 2.They are marvelous at adapting themselves to the surroundings and good at pleasing the ears of other people.They are quite easy-going and will never fling mud at people.If they happen to have friction with someone, they will try to have a heart-to-heart talk with him in a placid mood.They will never do what they will bite their tongue off later on.Unit 5 Text A Vocabulary & structure A.1.bane 2.anecdotes 3.mundane 4.stimulus 5.intriguing 6.epidemic 7.bout 8.pathological Translation A.笑有很多好处。笑把人们联系在一起。在一些紧张的场合，笑声可以使人们放松精神。所以应该多与别人分享欢笑。笑还对健康很有好处。有位著名作家在他的书里记述了他用喜剧和欢笑来治疗癌症的事。在你笑的时候，你的横膈膜会上下运动，而你的淋巴液也会加速运动，这些都对你的健康有好处。笑可以减轻压力放松肌肉，还可以加强你与别人的联系，特别是当你与别人语言不通时。当彼此以微笑回应时，双方的联系就加深了。英语里有两种说法，第一种是笑是会传染的，就像病毒和病菌一样。另一种是笑是一种良药。

B.1.The role of laughter is more complex than people have imagined.People laugh for a variety of reasons.People laugh not only when they feel good, but in response to mundane statements and in uncomfortable situations as well.For example, when people are surprised at funny-looking things, their natural reaction is laughter.Something seems awkward for a moment and people don't know what to do, so people laugh.Even in a threatening situation, laughter may serve as a way of calming down the tense atmosphere.2.Why do we laugh? A convincing explanation waits for more confirmation.But people all over the world are convinced that it is pretty good to laugh.Laughter enables people to keep mentally healthy and laughter functions as some kind of social signal to strengthen a social bond because studies have shown that people are more likely to laugh in social settings than when they are alone.and it can break down barriers and forge a connection with each other.Unit 6 Text A Translation

A.孩子们是否应该去国外留学一直是一个热门话题。人们的观点大相径庭。有些人认为学生不适合去国外学习，首先，高昂的学费和生活费对大多数家庭是一个沉重的经济负担；其次在一个风俗和生活方式完全不同的国家生活学习不仅会有语言障碍并且会经历“文化休克”，这会使许多学生难以适应，最后，一些学生不够成熟，难以辨别是非而可能走入歧途。国外留学的推崇者们坚持国外留学是有益的。首先，国外学习能提供一流的教学设施和“学生为中心”的教学体制----一种比国内盛行的“以教师为中心”的教学方法更科学的教学方法。其次，远离父母亲可以迫使年轻人结交朋友、学会处理人际关系，这将让他们终身受益。再者，留学国外是一次感受异国文化、开拓视野的绝佳机会。

就我个人而言，我赞成去国外留学因为利大于弊。

B.1.After the scores of the matriculation are known, parents want to know more about universities home and abroad by reading prospectuses and surfing university websites, and do their utmost to choose an ideal institution of higher education for their children.Some parents even think that nothing beats seeing for themselves.They will take their children to see the campus, halls of residence, cafeterias.They make enquiries at such departments as Students Affairs Office to be better-informed.2.Some universities in the U.S.are open to parents by setting up open days in order that parent can know more about academic administration, accommodations, food, workload, and job prospects.But there are some differences between their list of priorities.As a rule, children tend to listen to their parents because a bit of their parents‟ wisdom and experience go a long way.Unit 7 Text A V & S A.1.tyranny 2.will fragment 3.flock 4.deem 5.lament 6.dissolve 7.have a finger in every pie 8.hark back to

11.carve out niches

12.notch up 9.be relevant to 10.be tailored to

B.1.Languages are vehicles of value systems and of cultural expressions and they constitute a determining factor in the identity of groups and individuals.Yet, it is reckoned, more than fifty per cent of the world‟s 6000 languages are on the verge of becoming extinct.And, as a matter of fact, one language disappears on average every two weeks.Many factors contribute to language extinction.But the English language prevalent worldwide is certainly to blame and its hegemony is worrisome.2.There is overwhelming/compelling evidence that the United States is undoubtedly a global leader in many ways.While exporting its high-tech products and commercial artifacts, the United States is imposing American values on the world.Therefore, some people turn their noses up at globalization, fearing that it is in fact equivalent to Americanization.Such fears are not over-blown.Translation 2.The trend towards globalization began in earnest in the early 1970s when the system of fixed exchange rates, set up after World War II, was dismantled.This meant that the value of currencies would now be determined by the markets instead of individual governments.Over the next two decades, countries slowly began to remove their exchange controls.By 1990, nearly all world‟s major economies had got rid of restrictions on how much money could be moved in and out of their countries.In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies;in practice, they must conform to a global economic model or risk being penalized by the markets.Other factors contributing to the rise of globalization are communication technologies, and better transportation systems.These have enabled companies to grow into multinationals----producing goods on one side of the planet and selling them on the other.Unit 8 Text V & S A.1.audacity 2.opulent 3.loiter

4.in all sincerity

5.contrives

9.profile

10.deft 6.enormity 7.subservience 8.condescend B.1.Owing to the fierce competition, he was compelled to be busy with his work all day long.He could hardly afford the time to phone his aged parents, to say nothing of going back often to take care of them.He never thought of his parents without feeling apologetic, knowing that he was unworthy of their kindness.2.It seemed to J.B.Priestley that wearing clothes properly was a full-time job.Therefore, he always cheerfully bagged and sagged as if he had slept in his suits.And he could not understand how a man could contrive to look neat and spruce and do anything else.3.The sober young man has a certain air of arrogance about him.It is incredible that you should have wrung friendliness out of him.

第三篇：新视野大学英语读写教程第一册练习答案

《新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第一册》 课后答案Unit1 III.1.rewarding 2.communicate 3.access 4.embarrassing 5.positive 6.commitment 7.virtual 8.benefits 9.minimum 10.opportunities IV.1.up 2.into 3.from 4.with 5.to 6.up 7.of 8.in 9.for 10.with V.1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI.1.Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor.2.Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down.3.The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family.4.Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite.5.Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry.VII.1.Not only did Mr.Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.2.Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.3.Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.4.Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours.5.Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company.Translation VIII.1.Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply.2.She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless.3.Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.4.Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.5.He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children.She feels, however, that this is too much for her.6.Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.IX.1.我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有 价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文 化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。3.写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

4.远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流 的课程。

5.英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的 语言之一。

6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程 比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。Cloze 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6,C 7.B 8.A 9.a 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B Structured Writing XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say, it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills 1.1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B Comprehension of the Text II.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D Vocabulary 1.community 2.effective 3.unique 4.committed 5.reinforce 6.perspective 7.explicit 8.challenge 9.hindered 10.arose IV.1.for 2.with 3.on 4.on 5.on 6.of 7.in 8.up 9.of 10.In 课后答案 Unit 2

1.appeals 2.identity 3.concern 4.disgusting 5.upset 6.influence 7.offensive 8.burst 9.stuff 10.thorough IV.1.off/ down 2.off 3.as 4.on 5.for 6.on/upon 7.to 8.over 9.in 10.of V.1.H 2.F 3.D 4.K 5.B 6.C 7.L 8.I 9.O 10.N Sentence Structure VI.1.Kate saw her brother Bill as she was getting off the school bus.Or: As she was getting off the school bus, Kate saw her brother Bill.2.As she was standing up from he seat, mother dropped the glass to the ground.Or: Mother dropped the glass to the ground as she was standing up from her seat.3.A policeman fired at a thief as the thief was bolting out of the house.Or: As the thief was bolting out of the house, a policeman fired at him.4.As she ran to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her talk with her mother.Or: Sandy thought of he talk with her mother as she ran to catch the school bus.5.As the teacher entered the classroom, all the students shouted “Happy birthday” to him.Or: All the students shouted “Happy Birthday” to him as the teacher entered the classroom.VII.1.She listened to her favorite rock music while singing along with the words.2.She was putting on her jeans while asking me to hand her the sweater.3.He banged on the door while opening it.4.In the bathroom she put on some makeup while looking in the mirror.5.The schoolmaster shot an angry glance at the naughty first grader while talking with his parents.Translation: VIII.1.As she was about to turn off the music, her father burst into he room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”

2.the owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to.3.Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned it up, paying no attention to her father’s objection.4.As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start bugging him.5.At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers and students.6.It makes my blood boil to think of these young boys and girls who are forced by their parents to beg for money along the streets.IX.1.我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是 在表达他们的个性。

2.因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取 得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。

3.父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而 且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。

4.当父母与子女有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更 大。

5.青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母 会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。

6.比如，青少年希望在外呆到很晚，但是当第二天早上要起床上 学时，那又是另一回事了。Cloze X.1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do t make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to let the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading skills I.1.F 2.F 3.O 4.O 5.F plus O 6.O 7.O 8.O Comprehension of the Text II.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A Vocabulary III.1.entitled 2.ruin 3.evaluate 4.trend 5.attitude 6.tend 7.curiosity 8.applying 9.response 10.concept IV.1.to 2.in 3.between 4.about 5.across 6.to 7.to 8.in 9.to 10.for Unit 3 Vocabulary III.1.Inwardly 2.regret 3.occasion 4.complained 5.urged 6.coordinate 7.reluctance 8.envy 9.adjust 10.amazed IV.1.in 2.of 3.on 4.on 5.to 6.out 7.to 8.to 9.on 10.about V.1.O 2.J 3.N 4.L 5.I 6.C 7.H 8.E 9.A 10.F Sentence Structure: VI.1.He had his ears pierced even though I told him not to.2.It was exciting game even though no goals were scored.3.He was treated exactly like all the other workers even though he had just joined the company.4.Even though you disagree with her, she’s worth listening to.5.There was never enough money to support his family even though he was hard-working and did two jobs at the same time.VII.1.After learning some simple Chinese, the American girl was able to communicate with the other students in her class.2.When doing the writing exercise for this course, you should remember that you are writing according to a specific structure.3.Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.4.While working at the computer, the young man was listening to music over the radio all the time.5.The grass will grow more quickly if watered regularly.Translation VIII.1.I have decided to accept the new post, even though the job is not very well paid.2.The job has been taken to be very simple until(it is)actually started.3.Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to cold weather in winter.4.He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.5.This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.6.He is experienced businessman who has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.IX.1.他决心向那个女孩谈自己的计划，即使他知道她很可能拒绝听。2.一离开那条长长的正街，他就发现自己身处城里十分贫穷的区 域。

3.听到那首歌，我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些困苦的日子。4.每个想过健康生活的人，都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻求适当的平衡。

5.我的第一位老板真让人讨厌，让每个人日子难过似乎是他的乐 趣。我干了没多久就走人了。

6.你能确保在本周末之前完成这项工作吗？伦敦有重要公干，总 公司正在考虑派你去。Cloze X.1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A XII All of my classmates believe that Sandy has a good taste for music.The music she listens to always has a clear, strong rhythm and the music has a message for us to think about.Also, the words in the music are just like poems, so beautiful and easy for us to remember.Section B Reading Skills I.1.They found the man.2.He reached the airport in time.3.The old man dimly saw the young man.4.The young marine sat by the old man the whole night.5.A message came saying the real son was arriving Comprehension of the text II.1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.B Vocabulary III 1.sole 2.extend 3.startle 4.located 5.inform 6.interrupted 7.collapsed 8.exchange 9.apparent 10.enable IV 1.The government has called for an immediate investigation of the activities of the police.2.We applied the medicine and in a few minutes Mrs.Johnson came to.3.She coldly said goodbye to her friends.With that she shut the door and cried in the room.4.Whatever your reason, I shall hold to my idea that people should be allowed to have private lives.5.To our surprise the stranger turned out to be allowed to an old friend of my mother’s.6.He’s not in the office;he’s now on his way to London for a meeting.7.When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.8.He was too disappointed by this lack of success to try again.9.The couple loves each other dearly, but now and again they quarrel.10.In the subway station the poor old woman begged the passengers for money, but they paid no attention to her.课后答案 Unit 4 Vocabulary III.1.conscious 2.depressed 3.ranges 4.impressed 5.encounter 6.introduction 7.match 8.physical 9.relaxed 10.contact IV.1.are committed to 2.takes„seriously 3.was absorbed in 4.focus on 5.made up his mind 6.driving me crazy 7.ranging from„ to 8.at her best 9.Lighten up 10.kept her eyes on V.1.C 2.M 3.F 4.I 5.E 6.B 7.H 8.J 9.A 10.K Sentence Structure VI.1.It rained for two weeks on end completely flooding the village.2.Not wanting to meet John at the party, she refused to attend it.3.The bus arrived one hour late, causing me to miss the beginning of the game.4.The marine sat thee in the dimly lit ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering words of hope and strength.5.Realizing he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I guessed he really needed me.VII.1.I was so excited about going traveling(that)I couldn ’t sleep.2.The chairman became so angry with his secretary(that)he decided to fire him.3.She speaks English so well(that)you would think it was he native language.4.He was so frightened(that)he broke eye contact and looked out the window.5.His presentation was so interesting(that)everyone listened very carefully.Translation VII.1.she was so absorbed in reading the book that she was not conscious of someone coming in.2.He was late for almost an hour for the first meeting, leaving a bad impression on everyone.3.Consciously or unconsciously, we make up our minds about people through their eyes, faces, bodies, and attitudes.4.Professor Zhou was committed to the cause of language teaching all his life.5.Many how-to books advise you that if you want to make a good impression, the trick is to be consistently you, at your best.6.The media sometimes sends mixed messages, but most people believe what they see over what they hear.IX.1.史密斯教授关于形体语言的讲座非常重要，所有的学生都认真 地对待这次讲座。

2.董事长意识到这不是好的过错，对好笑了笑来缓和气氛。3.她大怒，把我的杯子摔在地上，摔得粉碎。

4.观察他的形体语言，你可以判断出他是在跟你说实话还是仅仅 找个借口敷衍你。5.不管人们对你说些什么，记住“观其行胜于闻其言”。6.肢体动作是表达感情的无意识形式，能向观众传递某种信息。Cloze20.B X.1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.B Structured Writing XII.Body language is important in many cases: trying to win an election, addressing a family party, talking business at a conference, or giving a seminar at school.Reading Skills I.1.Besides speech, people use other forms to communicate.2.We communicate a great deal with our body movements.3.The clothes you wear also communicate many things.4.Small ornaments you wear communicate many things, too.5.A wealth of information from body language makes snap judgments seem sound.Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D Vocabulary III.1.status 2.sign 3.resented 4.promoted 5.assuming 6.estimate 7.campaign 8.judgment 9.acquainted 10.norms IV.1.account for 2.in part 3.is content with 4.feel at home 5.lack of 6.in relation to 7.become acquainted with 8.pick up 9.find out 10.a wealth of

新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 8答案 Vocabulary III 1.sources 2.stable 3.process 4.composed 5.observing 6.combination 7.explosion 8.existence 9.occupied 10.creation IV.1.at 2.in 3.on 4.for 5.on 6.between 7.for 8.with 9.at 10.of V.1.J 2.L 3.G 4.M 5.O 6.A 7.I 8.B 9.D 10.E Sentence Structure VI.1.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2.The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking examination, many of which wee held in June.4.The Miracle, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long, happened at last.5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes through which the solution was found.VII.1.the more knowledge he will have 2.the less he liked it 3.the less you have to pay for it 4.the more exciting it will be 5.the greater progress you will make Translation III.1.There are twenty universities in this city, some of which are world-famous.2.the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3.She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4.He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5.The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6.After several discussions between the members of the committee, a new plan of action began to take shape.IX.1.出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。2.一个人越没有智慧，就越不知道自己缺的就是智慧。

3.暂时没有必要采取任何行动。过一晚再作决定，明天上午告诉我你的想法。4.近年来经济形势恶化，寻求紧急食品和住房援助的美国穷人数目去年增加了7%。

5.我们的消息来源说，下星期有可能发生另一次袭击，也许就在城市中心地区。6.在这个医疗体系内，对各位医生支付的款项按照他们当月的医疗成本进行调整。Cloze X.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A Structured Writing XII.When I stated to learn English at my junior middle school, I had a kind and patient teacher.She was very encouraging to all of her students.Because of her encouragement, I answered every question I could eagerly, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.In contrast, the method by which I was taught English in senior middle school was not well suited to my learning style.My new teacher quickly punished those who gave wrong answers.Whenever we answered incorrectly, she would shout at us.As a result I lost my desire and confidence and did not make any progress in learning.Section B Reading Skills I.1.A 2.B 3C 4.C 5.A Comprehension of the Text 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A Vocabulary III.1.advantage 2.remarked 3.claimed 4.convince 5.productive 6.enquiry 7.potential 8.transfer 9.recall 10.enhance IV.1.together 2.On 3.of 4.for 5.up 6.away 7.on/upon 8.in 9.to 10.of 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 9答案

III.1.accomplish 2.responsibility 3.amount 4.performance 5.alter 6.adapt 7.aroused 8.remarkable 9.investigate 10.entertain IV.1.out 2.to 3.in 4.from 5.back 6.as 7.with 8.with 9.behind 10.on V.1.G 2.L 3.D 4.F 5.K 6.N 7.O 8.I 9.C 10.A Sentence Structure VI.1.Should you change your mind, no one will be upset.2.Should a serious crisis arise, the public would have to be informed of it.3.Should you fail in the exam, your parents and teacher will not blame you.4.Should you have a major change in your plan, let us know in time.5.should your car break down, change to a bus.VII.1.You should talk to your teacher instead of just complaining to me about it.2.They raised prices and cut production, instead of cutting costs.3.He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.4.He nodded his head instead of saying anything where his voice might express the real truth.5.My mother prefers making her own clothes instead of buying clothes in the shops.Translation VIII.1.Should you have any doubt about the plan, please feel free to contact us at any time.2.We have learned how to face reality instead of escaping from it.3.It just proves that you can’t hope to turn in a worthy report if you haven’t done enough preparation.4.We have to face that possibility no matter how unlikely it may sound.5.The newcomers found it hard to adapt themselves to the climate there.6.It strikes me as odd that school children are required to come to school two hours before class.IX.1.遗憾的是，他也一点英语都不会说，但是如果你想去某个地方，把地址写下来交给他就行了。

2.下次你若有问题，要考虑怎样改变处境，不要过于担心各种负面因素。3.不管什么天气，她平均每天跑15英里。

4.好的摄影作品和普通的摄影作品最重要的一个区别因素是用光手法。5.实际上，大多数员工从不愿意把新产品使用手册坚持看完。

6.一旦你感到放松后，就把注意力集中在音乐上，看看心中有什么意象出现。Cloze X.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 110.A 11.A 12.C 3.B 14.C 15.C Structured Writing XII.Visual aids offer several advantages.The primary advantage is clarity.If you are discussing an object, you can make your message clearer by showing the object.If you are citing statistics, showing how something works, or demonstrating a technique, a visual aid will make you information more vivid to your audience.By using visual aids in your speeches, you often will make it easier for listeners to understand exactly what you are trying to communicate.Another advantage of visual aids is interest.The interest generated by visual images is so strong that visual aids are now widely used in many areas, not just speechmaking.Section B Reading Skills I.1.B 2.B 3.D Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.C Vocabulary III.1.available 2.banned 3.predict 4.fate 5.host 6.posted 7.advertise 8 enormous 9.involves 10.survey IV.1.out 2.from 3.out 4.for 5.to 6.up 7.in 8.in 9.through 10.about 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 10答案 Vocabulary III.1.preserve 2.clarify 3.demonstrating 4.scarce 5.assured 6.ensured 7.conscience 8.integrity 9.yield 10.appointed IV.1.to 2.In 3.of 4.for 5.on/upon 6.of 7.in 8.at 9.to 10.with V.1.G 2.L 3.B 4.O 5.D 6.N 7.C 8.E 9.I 10.K Sentence Structure VI.1.Where I live there are plenty of sheep.2.Your coat is where you left it.3.I will go where you go.4.Where conscience remains integrity stays.5.Where he appears laughter can be heard.VII.1.What I say and do 2.what matters is not winning but participating 3.what we students should always keep in mind 4.what it takes to start and run a company 5.what we should do today Translation VIII.1.I keep the picture where I can see it very day as it reminds me of my university days.2.In some countries, what is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.3.He is used to keeping a dictionary at hand so that he can find the meaning of new words he comes across.4.When confronted with personal pressure, you should stand firmly for your belief that you will reach your ultimate goal.5.In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don’t sell out to convenience.6.I don’t like those people who always rely on external factors in order to feel good about themselves.IX.1.汤姆相信“为钱而挣钱”，他的许多老同学都认为他的把自己卖给了营利主义。

2.重要的是，你只有学会了尊重自己，才能赢得别人的尊重。

3.使他取得成功的是他的决心，他不甘屈服的精神，也可能还有他的正直。4.老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学生。

5.通过唱唱歌，散散步，欣赏欣赏自然界的美，我就能使自己感觉良好。6.如果你继续这样努力工作，你在任何别的公司都能干得很好。Cloze X.1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 0.A 11.B 12.A 13.C 4.C 15.B 16.C 7.A 8.C 19.A 20.C Structured Writing XII.Persistence is essential to success.Probably the greatest example of persistence is Abraham Lincoln.Born into poverty, Lincoln was faced with defeat throughout his life.He lost eight elections, twice failed in business and suffered a nervous breakdown.He could have quit many times.But he didn’t and because he didn’t quit, he was elected and became one of the greatest presidents in the history of the United States.Section B Reading skills I.1—F 2—E 3—A 4—G 5—B 6—C 7—D Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B Vocabulary III.1.cheated 2.inclined 3.reconciled 4.contemporary 5.transformed 6.notion 7.ultimate 8.appropriate 9.curb 10.expense IV.1.to 2.of 3.as 4.for 5.over 6.in 7.of 8.on 9.of 10.of

第四篇：英语练习及答案

1．第1题

The room was so quiet that she could hear the（）of her heart.A.hitting B.beating C.hurting D.striking 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案：A 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

2．第2题

Her（）English is the best in the class.A.speaking B.spoken C.talked D.writing 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案：A 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

3．第3题

The reason why the car was stopped was（）.A.that the road was slippery B.due to the slippery road C.because the road was slippery D.because of the slippery road 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

4．第4题 Science has made（）possible for machines to take the place of human labour.A.this B.that C.its D.it 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

5．第7题

Not until Mr.Smith came to China（）what kind of a country she is.A.did he know B.he knew C.he didn’t know D.he could know 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

6．第8题 The computer center,（）last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

7．第9题

They finally got to the village（）a rainy evening.A.in B.on C.at D.by 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

8．第10题

Dark glasses are sometimes worn to（）the eyes from strong sunlight.A.prevent B.care C.defend D.protect 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

9．第11题 They often（）the scientist’s name, but they have never seen him.A.learn from B.hear from C.hear of D.listen to 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

10．第12题 The thing that（）is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.A.matters B.cares C.considers D.minds 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

11．第15题

He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch（）.A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

12．第16题 Although he was so tired,（）he went to the concert with his friend that night.A.but B.so C.yet D.and 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

13．第17题 His speech made（）deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.A.such a B.so a C.so D.such 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

14．第18题

“I’m sorry to keep you waiting.” “Oh, not at all.I()here only a few minutes.” A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

15．第19题

Under no（）will I try it again.A.circumstances B.situation C.time D.occasion 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

16．第20题

My father can speak three languages and English.A.beside B.besides C.except D.except for 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

Chinese（）17．第21题

Please（）that you won’t make such a mistake.A.make out B.make in C.make sure D.make up 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

18．第22题

They were all very tired, but（）of them would stop to take a rest.A.any B.some C.none D.neither 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：0.0 此题得分：0.0

19．第26题 Don’t be too（）about things you are not supposed to know.A.strange B.amusing C.curious D.conscious 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

20．第27题

English teachers are（）needed in remote areas.A.badly B.nearly C.scarcely D.rarely 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

21．第28题 He as well as I（）the suggestion you put forward just now.A.agree with B.agree to C.agrees with D.agrees to 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

22．第29题

Will the（）of houses and land continue to increase? A.worth B.value C.cost D.importance 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

23．第30题

（）we hurry up, we won’t be able to catch the last bus.A.Except B.Without C.Even D.Unless 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

24．第31题

Mrs.White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and（）very worried.A.looking B.looks C.looked D.to look 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

25．第32题

He didn’t know what（）while he was away from home.A.would happen B.happened C.had happened D.happens 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

26．第33题

（）himself an ideal job.A.Nowhere he could find B.Nowhere could he find C.He could nowhere find D.He could find nowhere 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

27．第34题

About 100 new students have been（）in the English Department.A.dismissed B.admitted C.graduated D.entering 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

28．第35题（）what the situation would be like, they decided to keep silent.A.Knowing not B.Not know C.Not knowing D.Having not known 答案:C 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

29．第36题

They are working hard to（）what they have lost.A.make up for B.keep up with C.catch up with D.make out for 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0 30．第37题 He called the police for help,（）that the problem was more than he could deal with.A.to realize B.having been realized C.realized D.realizing 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

31．第5题

他有可能故意考试不及格吗？（on purpose）答案:Is it possible for him to fail the examination on purpose? 标准答案：Is it possible for him to fail the examination on purpose? 您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

32．第6题

我们应该充分利用网络资源获取信息。(make use of)答案:牋牋 We should make full use of internet to get information.标准答案：牋牋 We should make full use of internet to get information.您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

33．第23题

要是有更多的钱，我就能在市区买一套公寓了。(with)答案:With more money, I’ll be able to buy a flat in the downtown.标准答案：With more money, I’ll be able to buy a flat in the downtown.您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

34．第24题

？ 这个新方法会帮助你们解决这个难题。（enable）答案:牋牋 The new method will enable you to solve the difficult problem.标准答案：牋牋 The new method will enable you to solve the difficult problem.您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

35．第38题

即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯而成为优等生。（even）

答案:.Even students of average intelligence can be top students by improving their studyhabits.标准答案：.Even students of average intelligence can be top students by improving their studyhabits.您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

36．第39题

老板进来的时候他假装在看一份重要文件。（pretend）答案:牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋？ He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.标准答案：牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋？ He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

37．第40题

他不久就要离开了，但我们还没有找到可以替代他的人。(take the place of)答案:？ He has to leave soon, but we haven’t found anyone who can take the place of him.标准答案：？ He has to leave soon, but we haven’t found anyone who can take the place of him.您的答案： 题目分数：4.0 此题得分：0.0

38．第13题

Day after day, a small blue truck speeds along the streets of Funen.A dog sits besides the driver, looking at him as if listening to his 1.Whenever the truck goes by, the people of Funen turn and stare, some in 2 , others in admiration, for on its _ __3 are printed the words TRACKER DOG and a telephone number.Yes, the passenger in the blue truck is a dog that is used to find lost things or follow the 4 of persons and animals.Within seven years, the dog and his 5 Anderson have found lost things 6 nearly $ 400,000, 7 are watches, jewelry, money, cows, pigs, and 8 dogs.Of course, the 9 of the dog is his sensitive nose.Each year the dog and Anderson 10 700 calls for help.Four out of five __11__ they find what they are 12 to look for.Whenever the phone rings in Andersons house, the dog is 13 excited.He quickly runs to the truck, 14 to be off in search of 15 lost._ the way, Anderson 17 the names of what they are looking for.So by the time they arrive, the dog is 18 to get to work.He circles here and there until he picks up the 19 of an object in a place 20 it doesn’t belong.难度：0.9 认知类型：应用

1.A.songs B.orders C.question D.advice 2.A.wonder B.anger C.row D.fear 3.A.roof B.ceiling C.bottom D.sides 4.A.advice B.rules C.tracks D.feet 5.A.customer B.officer C.fellow D.owner 6.A.valuable B.rather than C.worth D.like 7.A.which B.among which C.such D.so 8.A.wild B.even like C.lovely D.other 9.A.task B.duty C.secret D.habit 10.A.make B.pay C.answer D.refuse 11.A.things B.times C.persons D.places 12.A.permitted B.asked C.guided D.willing 13.A.immediately B.hardly C.probably D.little 14.A.eager B.afraid C.nervous D.ought 15.A.who B.what C.a D.the 16.A.By B.In C.On D.Asking

17.A.remembered B.repeats C.learns D.forgets 18.A.pleasant B.ready C.used D.ordered 19.A.smell B.signal C.sight D.taste 20.A.which B.that C.where D.when

答案: 1-5 BADCD 6-10 CBDCC 11-15 BBAAD 16-20 CBBAC

标准答案：

1-5 BADCD 6-10 CBDCC 11-15 BBAAD 16-20 CBBAC 您的答案： 题目分数：13.0 此题得分：0.0 教师未批改

39．阅读理解

1.阅读理解 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

2.阅读理解 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

3.阅读理解 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

4.阅读理解 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

5.阅读理解 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

题目总分数：15.0 题目总得分：0.0 题目总批注：

40．阅读理解

1.阅读理解 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

2.阅读理解 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

3.阅读理解 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

4.阅读理解 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

5.阅读理解 标准答案：C 您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0 批注：

题目总分数：15.0 题目总得分：0.0 题目总批注：

作业总得分：0.0 作业总批注：

第五篇：牛津英语新教材7AUnit 3 练习

牛津英语新教材7AUnit 3 练习

一、用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.______is a teacher.(她)

2.______is a good boy.(他)

3.______is in the classroom(它)

4.______are very smart today.(你)

5.________(你们)are students.6._________can’t find my ruler?(我).Where is ______?(它)

7.________am a student(我)._______like English very much.(我们)

8.________ is my brother.(他)

9.I like her pencil case._______ is nice!(它)

10.________ are playing ping-pong in the park.（他们）

11._______(她)is a student.________(我)am a student, too.12._______(我)want _______(你)to do it today.13.________(他)looks like________(他)._______(他们)are twins.14._________(你们)are from England._________(我们)are from China.15.Can______(你)read it for _______(我们)？

16.What____________ do you usually do after school?(activity)

17.Lucy and Lily are good ____________.This is one of the _____________ watches.(swim)

18.Your song sounds ______________ because you sing _____________.(good)

19.Mike is the ______________at English in our class.(good)

20.School _______(start)early every morning.I must ________(get)up at 6:00.21.My father likes readingn________________ after dinner in the evening.22.T__________ comes before Friday.Sunday is the f___________ day of the week.23.I can’t carry the bag b_____________ it’s too big.24.Tom isn’t good at Maths.I think he needs to do more e______________ about it.25.Do your family often watch football _____________ on TV?(match)

26.I enjoy _________(sit)under the tree with my best friends.27.---Do you ____________(锻炼)every day?---Yes, in the evening.28.There are three __________(library)in the school.29.After lunch, I sleep for an hour _______(one).30.Mr.Wang _______(teach)maths in Simon’s school.31.Let’s ________(do)some reading in the Reading Club.32.---When ______ Annie ______(go)to bed?---At 9:00.33.________ your teacher _______(take)a bus to school every day?

34.Li Hua _________(want)________(play)better in the next World Cup.35.My father ________(drink)five cups of water every day.二、选择题

()1.His desk is _______ the classroom and he sits ________ Zhang Hua.A.in front of;in front ofB.in the front of;in the front of

C.in front of;in the front ofD.in the front of;in front of

()2.Kitty and Amy are now _______ the ground floor.A.inB.withC.onD.to

()3.The girl ______ a red sweater is a new student in our school.A.onB.inC.hasD.with

()4.There are ________ books and magazines in the library.A.manyB.lots ofC.a lot ofD.all of above

()5.Mr.Wang is _______ good.His class is very interesting..We all love him.A.realB.reallyC.muchD.quiet

()6.Peter has a comic book.I ______ have a comic book.A.tooB.yetC.alsoD.either

()7.---I’m going to visit Beijing next week.---_______________.A.Nice to meet you.B.Thanks a lot.C.Have a good time.D.Thanks for your help.()8.________ are in the same class.A.You, he and IB.He, you and IC.I, you and heD.You ,I and he

()9.Let’s ask Simon ______ us with our homework.A.helpsB.helpingC.to helpD.to helping

()10.Does Amy ________ after school?

A.walks to homeB.walks homeC.walk to homeD.walk home

三、句型转换

1.He likes reading books after supper（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）

_________ he ________ ________ books after supper?________, he __________.2.I have a good friend.The good friend is Lucy.(合并成一句)

I have a good friend and _______ name _______ Lucy.3.Can you help me do my homework?(同义句)

Can you ______ me ________ my homework?

4.She sits on my left.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）

_______ she ________ on _______ left? _______, she ________.5.I would like to go with you this weekend.(一般疑问句)

________ you ______ _______ _______ with _______ this weekend?

6.She sings English songs well.（同义句）

She is ________ ________ ________ English songs.7.Jack is in the Swimming Club.(同义句)

Jack is ______ _________ _______ the Swimming Club.提问)

_______ _______ is the reading room open?

四、中译英

1.我所有的朋友真的很好，我爱他们。

2.看，墙上有我同学的一些照片。

3.张华个子高，他在我们学校足球队。

4.请再说一遍，电话里我听不清你。

5.吴老师是我们的英语老师，我们喜爱她。

6.我喜欢课后和他们一起玩。

7.我要在电话里向爷爷问好。

8.约翰留短发，他看起来很年轻。

9.你是这个学校的学生吗？是的，我是一名新生。

10.我最喜欢的学科是语文和英语。