第一篇:英语演讲:布莱尔在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
Mr.President and Colleagues, The UN must come of age.It must become the visible and credible expression of the globalisation of politics.The modern world insists we are dependent on each other.We work with each other or we suffer in isolation.The principles of the UN have always had a moral force.Today they receive the sharper impulse of self-interest.The terrorist attacks in Britain on 7 July have their origins in an ideology born thousands of miles from our shores.The proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons will never be halted outside of an international consensus to do so.Failed states, as we know to our cost, fail us all.The protection of the environment, the promotion of international trade: we can do nothing without effective action together.And when we look with revulsion, as we should, at the misery of the millions who die in Africa and elsewhere through preventable famine, disease and conflict, the urgency to act is driven not just by conscience but by an inner sense that one day, if we refuse to act, we will reap a dire reward from our refusal.What's more, humanity today is confident of its common values.Give people the chance and they always vote for freedom;always prefer tolerance to prejudice, will never willingly accept the suppression of human rights and governance by extremism.So the challenge is clear;the values clear;the self-interest in upholding them together also clear.What must now be clear is that the UN can be the instrument of achieving the global will of the people.It must give leadership on terrorism.There is not and never can be any justification, any excuse, any cause that accepts the random slaughter of th innocent.Wherever it happens, whoever is responsible, we stand united I condemnation.The United Nations must strengthen its policy against non-proliferation;in particular, how to allow nations to develop civil nuclear power but not nuclear weapons.The new Human Rights Council must earn the world's respect not its contempt.The United Nations Peace-building Commission must become the means of renewing nations, where war and the collapse of proper systems of government have left them ravaged and their people desolate.For the first lime at this Summit we are agreed that states do not have the right to do what they will within their own borders, but that we, in the name of humanity, have a common duty to protect people where their own governments will not.Stalking this summit, like a spectre, are the Millennium Development goals.The struggle against global poverty will define our moral standing in the eyes of the future.The G8 in Scotland shows how we redeem it.I have heard people describe the outcomes of this Summit as modest, No summit requiring unanimity from 190 nations can be more than modest.But if we did what we have agreed on doubling aid, on opening up trade, on debt relief, on HI V/AIDS and malaria, on conflict prevention so that never again would the world stand by, helpless when genocide struck, our modesty would surprise.There would be more democracy, less oppression.More freedom, less terrorism.More growth, less poverty.The effect would be measured in the lives of millions of people who will never hear these speeches or read our statements.But it would be the proper vocation of political leadership;and the United Nations would live up to its name.So let us do it.
第二篇:布莱尔在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
布莱尔在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
Mr.President and Colleagues, 主席先生,同志们:
The UN must come of age.It must become the visible and credible expression of the globalization of politics.The modern world insists we are dependent on each other.We work with each other or we suffer in isolation.The principles of the UN have always had a moral force.Today they receive the sharper impulse of self-interest.联合国必须成熟起来,成为政治全球化重要而可靠的代言。相互依存是当今时代的要求,各成员国若不通力合作将孤立无缘。联合国的原则始终是一种道德力量。今天,各国的自身利益又让这些原则得以巩固。
The terrorist attacks in Britain on 7 July have their origins in an ideology born thousands of miles from our shores.The proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons will never be halted outside of an international consensus to do so.Failed states, as we know to our cost, fail us all.The protection of the environment, the promotion of international trade: we can do nothing without effective action together.七月七日,在英国发生的恐怖袭击源于一种意识形态,这种意识形态远隔重洋,在迢迢万里之外。若不达成国际共识,核扩散和生化武器问题将永远无法解决。以往的沉痛经历告诉我们,失败国家会导致我们的集体失败。如不积极合作,无论在是环境保护还是促进国际贸易方面,我们都将一事无成。
And when we look with revulsion, as we should, at the misery of the millions who die in Africa and elsewhere through preventable famine, disease and conflict, the urgency to act is driven not just by conscience but by an inner sense that one day, if we refuse to act, we will reap a dire reward from our refusal.我们应当看到,在非洲和其他地区,数以百万的人们死于可预防的饥荒、疾病和冲突,他们的苦难让我们自责、不安,采取应对行动的紧迫感不仅仅因为我们有良知,还因为我们知道如果不行动有一天终将自食恶果。
What's more, humanity today is confident of its common values.Give people the chance and they always vote for freedom;always prefer tolerance to prejudice, will never willingly accept the suppression of human rights and governance by extremism.So the challenge is clear;the values clear;the self-interest in upholding them together also clear.此外,今天人类对其共同的价值观充满自信。给予人民机会,他们总会选择自由,崇尚容忍,摒弃偏见,他们永远不会自愿接受人权压制和极权主义统治。所以,挑战已经明确,价值观已经明确,坚持共同价值观的自身利益也已明确。
What must now be clear is that the UN can be the instrument of achieving the global will of the people.It must give leadership on terrorism.There is not and never can be any justification, any excuse, any cause that accepts the random slaughter of th innocent.Wherever it happens, whoever is responsible, we stand united in condemnation.现在必须明确的是联合国可以成为实现世界人民意愿的途径。联合国必须在打击恐怖主义上发挥领导力。我们没有也永远不可能找到任何理由、任何借口、任何原因来接受恣意屠杀无辜平民的行为。无论发生在何地方,无论谁是主谋,我们都将共同谴责这种行为。
The United Nations must strengthen its policy against non-proliferation;in particular, how to allow nations to develop civil nuclear power but not nuclear weapons.The new Human Rights Council must earn the world's respect not its contempt.The United Nations Peace-building Commission must become the means of renewing nations, where war and the collapse of proper systems of government have left them ravaged and their people desolate.联合国必须在核不扩散方面加强政策建设,具体来说即如何让成员国发展民用核能而非核武器。新成立的人权理事会必须争取赢得国际社会的尊重而不是受到国际社会的鄙夷。联合国建立和平委员会必须成为国家重建的工具,必须帮助那些深陷战争泥潭的国家、那些政府体系崩溃的国家、那些民不聊生的国家。
For the first time at this Summit we are agreed that states do not have the right to do what they will within their own borders, but that we, in the name of humanity, have a common duty to protect people where their own governments will not.在本次会议上,各国首次达成一致,认为成员国政府没有权利在本国疆土之内肆意妄为,每个成员国都应以全人类之名 义,承担起共同的责任,保护那些得不到自己政府保护的人民。
Stalking this summit, like a spectre, are the Millennium Development goals.The struggle against global poverty will define our moral standing in the eyes of the future.The G8 in Scotland shows how we redeem it.I have heard people describe the outcomes of this Summit as modest, No summit requiring unanimity from 191 nations can be more than modest.《千年发展目标》如幽灵般围绕着本次峰会,让我们不敢懈怠。从长远来看,在消减贫困方面做出的努力将决定我们的道德地位。在苏格兰举行的G8会议展现了我们在减贫方面的具体措施。我听到有人说本次峰会的成果将非常有限,然而任何一个需要191个成员国达成一致的峰会其成果绝不是有限的。
But if we did what we have agreed on doubling aid, on opening up trade, on debt relief, on HI V/AIDS and malaria, on conflict prevention so that never again would the world stand by, helpless when genocide struck, our modesty would surprise.本次峰会已经达成多项共识:增加援助、开放贸易、减免债务、防治艾滋病和疟疾、预防冲突,如果我们在这些方面做出实质性努力,当种族灭绝发生的时候,世界将不再无助地袖手旁观,而这些有限的成果也将一鸣惊人。
There would be more democracy, less oppression.More freedom, less terrorism.More growth, less poverty.The effect would be measured in the lives of millions of people who will never hear these speeches or read our statements.如果我们付出努力,世界将会多一些民主,少一些压迫;多一些自由,少一些恐怖威胁;多一些发展,少一些贫困。我们取得的成果终将影响数百万人的生活,虽然他们不会听到我们的讲演,不会读到我们的报告。
But it would be the proper vocation of political leadership;and the United Nations would live up to its name.So we should do it.但这就是政治领导力的使命所在,联合国也终会名副其实。因此,让我们行动起来吧!
Thank you.谢谢!
第三篇:布莱尔在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
布莱尔在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
PM Tony Blair Addresses TO United Nations
United Nations Headquarters New York, New York September 14, 2005
Mr.President and Colleagues,The UN must come of age.It must become the visible and credible expression of the globalisation of politics.The modern world insists we are dependent on each other.We work with each other or we suffer in isolation.The principles of the UN have always had a moral force.Today they receive the sharper impulse of self-interest.The terrorist attacks in Britain on 7 July have their origins in an ideology born thousands of miles from our shores.The proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons will never be halted outside of an international consensus to do so.Failed states, as we know to our cost, fail us all.The protection of the environment, the promotion of international trade: we can do nothing without effective action together.And when we look with revulsion, as we should, at the misery of the millions who die in Africa and elsewhere through preventable famine, disease and conflict, the urgency to act is driven not just by conscience but by an inner sense that one day, if we refuse to act, we will reap a dire reward from our refusal.What's more, humanity today is confident of its common values.Give people the chance and they always vote for freedom;always prefer tolerance to prejudice, will never willingly accept the suppression of human rights and governance by extremism.So the challenge is clear;the values clear;the self-interest in upholding them together also clear.What must now be clear is that the UN can be the instrument of achieving the global will of the people.It must give leadership on terrorism.There is not and never can be any justification, any excuse, any cause that accepts the random slaughter of th innocent.Wherever it happens, whoever is responsible, we stand united I condemnation.The United Nations must strengthen its policy against non-proliferation;in particular, how to allow nations to develop civil nuclear power but not nuclear weapons.The new Human Rights Council must earn the world's respect not its contempt.The United Nations Peace-building Commission must become the means of renewing nations, where war and the collapse of proper systems of government have left them ravaged and their people desolate.For the first lime at this Summit we are agreed that states do not have the right to do what they will within their own borders, but that we, in the name of humanity, have a common duty to protect people where their own governments will not.Stalking this summit, like a spectre, are the Millennium Development goals.The struggle against global poverty will define our moral standing in the eyes of the future.The G8 in Scotland shows how we redeem it.I have heard people describe the outcomes of this Summit as modest, No summit requiring unanimity from 190 nations can be more than modest.But if we did what we have agreed on doubling aid, on opening up trade, on debt relief, on HI V/AIDS and malaria, on conflict prevention so that never again would the world stand by, helpless when genocide struck, our modesty would surprise.There would be more democracy, less oppression.More freedom, less terrorism.More growth, less poverty.The effect would be measured in the lives of millions of people who will never hear these speeches or read our statements.But it would be the proper vocation of political leadership;and the United Nations would live up to its name.So let us do it.
第四篇:加拿大首相在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
加拿大首相在联合国安理会60周年上的发言
Canadian PM Paul Martin Addresses TO United Nations
United Nations Headquarters New York, New York September 14, 2005
PM Paul Martin:
The international response to the devastation wrought by hurricane Katrina reminds us once again that there are connections between people that have nothing to do with a common language, race or creed, and everything to do with the most fundamental considerations: of what it means to be a human being, what it means to be a person with rights, needs and responsibilities toward others.Indeed, this is one world.“In Larger Freedom” makes the case eloquently: security, development, and human rights, the three pillars of human freedom, are not abstract concepts.They are responsibilities we, and every UN agency, every member country, must take seriously.If the United Nations is to work, we know what we have to do, and we also know we are not doing nearly well enough.Canada cannot conceive of a world succeeding without the United Nations.But, make no mistake the UN needs reform.I want to talk today about security, development, and human rights within the context of that need for reform.Security represents the protection of life and thus is the basis for everything else we do.That is why our discussions of Security Council reform are so important.And why there has long been an argument that the Security Council should be more representative.We agree.But we believe it is even more important that the Council be effective.Too often, Permanent Members have used the veto—real or threatened—to prevent effective action.Too often, we have debated the finer points of language while innocent people continue to die.Darfur is only the latest example.Clearly, we need expanded guidelines for Security Council action to make clear our responsibility to act decisively to prevent humanity's attack on humanity.The “Responsibility to Protect” is one such guideline.It seeks rules to protect the innocent against appalling assaults on their life and dignity.It does not bless unilateral action.To the contrary, it stands for clear, multilaterally-agreed criteria on what the international community should do when civilians are at risk.It is a powerful norm of international behaviour.And this week, we have taken a very important step to that end.We are proud that R2P has Canadian lineage, that it is now a principle for all the world.That being said, our collective responsibility does not end there.I would have hoped that we could have agreed now to make the new peace building commission operational.Building the peace is a huge undertaking and, to do it well, we need to bring order out of chaos.Which leads me to the second pillar, economic development.The record is far from brilliant.After decades of effort, money and development only go together if donor and recipient countries take their responsibilities to heart.This is a lesson that needs to be embraced.Donor nations must do more, and we have begun to do so, by increasing our development assistance budgets and accelerating the pace of disbursements, as well as forgiving old debts.More consistent policies are needed, however.How can we talk about development as we chase poor farmers from their land because of their inability to compete on their own agricultural export markets, which are oversubsidized by rich countries!What good comes from lamenting the lot of the poor while seeking to sell as many weapons as possible to as many developing nations as possible? How can we preach the virtues of free trade while preventing market access to least developed countries? Developing countries must do more as well.True development will not take place until local populations have the confidence to invest their own energy and resources into making a better future for themselves.They will only get this confidence when they see their governments investing in areas that make a tangible difference to their lives—not disproportionate military expenditures but investments in health, in education, in good governance, and in creating an environment that frees up the entrepreneurial spirit that exists in all our countries.We need to see the world through the eyes of the people we are trying to help.When we can meet benchmarks that matter to them, then and only then will we build the foundations to sustain development for the long haul.How many more infants have been vaccinated this year compared to last? How many more children can read and write? How secure is a family's title to their land? How many small businesses have survived for three years or more? Let me turn now to the UN's third pillar: Respect for human rights.Our reform efforts on security and development will ultimately fail unless they are grounded in respect for individuals: 1)Respect for their rights, 2)Respect for their cultures, traditions and beliefs.3)Respect for their opinions dissenting or not.Respect for human rights is the living heart of democracy, the key to unlocking the potential of every person to contribute to their own welfare and to the prosperity and security of their communities.The UN's Commission on Human Rights has a serious credibility problem.Its membership, its increasing politicization and its overall lack of effectiveness at tackling human rights violations around the world have overwhelmed its achievements.We need a standing body at a higher level in the UN system, commensurate with the importance of human rights.That is why we support the proposal for an effective Human Rights Council.I cannot disguise our profound disappointment that we were not able to agree at this Summit on all of the elements required to make it operational.Canada will not cease to promote actively, bringing a standing council into being, with credible membership criteria.In the meantime, we welcome the universal endorsement of the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbour and our collective decision to double the resources available to her office.I have talked about the three pillars-security, development and human rights.Each poses its own unique challenges, but there is also one common element that runs through all three if the UN is to work well, and it is this: we need new and innovative approaches to global challenges in which every country contributes and every country shares in the benefits.One striking example is climate change.This November, Canada will host the UN Conference on Climate Change, and our goal for this conference is clear: climate change is real, and the world must recognize it;human activity is a defining cause, and the world must act on it.Our mandate in Montreal will be two-fold: first the Kyoto parties have started their work and need to build on it by making continued progress on their existing commitments, second we will initiate discussions to achieve a truly global and inclusive regime to achieve deep and genuine reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.Mr.President, As the Secretary-General has observed, the United Nations is at a crossroads.In order to achieve lasting and effective reform, it must thoroughly reform its administration—its management methods—and introduce verification mechanisms with more clout.Such reform is crucial.We want to work with other member nations and the Secretary-General to obtain this general assembly's endorsement of a set of reforms to meet the demands of the 21st century.In conclusion, the status Quo and too often empty rhetoric must make way here for a new and pragmatic multilateralism measured by concrete results, not simply by promises.Our citizens want security, based on international law.They want opportunity, based on more effective aid.They want empowerment, based on respect for human rights.And they want a clean environment.These are not utopian dreams.They are among the most urgent challenges we face.We are national leaders.In today's world, however, we cannot serve our own countries well unless we rise above narrow national interests.If we fail to act responsibly on the world stage, we will fail our own people at home.It is one world.That simple statement finds its most profound expression here, in our hopes for the United Nations.We face difficult decisions but, with courage and vision, we can build a United Nations for the future, a United Nations that serves all the world's people because that is the best way to serve every single one of us.Thank you.
第五篇:布莱尔在清华演讲
布莱尔在清华
央视国际 2003年07月28日 11:11
主持人(陈伟鸿):
观众朋友,大家好,欢迎各位收看我们的《对话》节目。这里是我们设在清华大学的对话现场,稍候将有
一位国际政坛的风云人物,要在这里和近百位的清华学子展开对话,这位对话嘉宾就是英国现任首相托尼·布莱尔。阔别五年,布莱尔再度访华,将会收到怎样的效果?他的这次中国
之行,将会为中英关系的发展带来哪些新的信息?尤其令人关注的是,面对英国国内最新爆发的政治**,作
为首相的托尼·布莱尔将会做出怎样的选择呢?当然,还有更多更精彩的问题都在我们今天的《对话》节目当中。好了,稍后我们一块来关注托尼·布莱尔和清华学生的圆桌对话。
布莱尔:
谢谢清华大学给我这次珍贵的机会,我想说一些话,你们可以提问,什么问题都可以问,或者是一些很尖锐的问题。令人振奋的是,英国是中国留学生最多的国家,在英的中国留学生是中国人在美国留学人数的两倍。我很高兴,可以想象中国大学比如清华跟英国大学之间的合作有多么紧密。英国最主要的大学有伦敦经济学院,我的太太就在那里,她就是从这所学校毕业的。她毕业于伦敦经济学院,她的学历比我还高。这次我再次来到北京,给我最深刻的印象是看到中国巨大的变化,将来英国发展与中国的关系将会非常重要。非常令人振奋的是,尽管中国有SARS,还有其他的问题,上半年的经济增长率仍然达到8%。在未来的两个世纪,中国将会成为世界第一经济大国。中国有十三亿人口,中国在经济、政治上的发展,将对全世界有着深刻的影响。我们也要保证中国和英国、中国和美国紧密的合作,我们有很多事情可以合作。你们学生是中国的未来,你做的决定、执行的方式,即将对整个世界产生影响,你们是这个国家未来的领导人,你们的领导方式和你们的价值取向对英国人民也会产生影响!我的讲话完毕,请你们发问,谢谢。
董关鹏(清华现场主持):
谢谢布莱尔首相。现在我们就来开始提问,每提出三个问题我们请布莱尔先生回答。现在请我们的同学发问,同学们请提三个问题。
布莱尔:
你来点名,我来回答问题。
董关鹏:
请发问,很难让我指出让谁提问,请这位女同学。
同学:
布莱尔先生,早上好,欢迎你到清华大学来。谢谢你的演说,我的名字是陆娅楠,我来自新闻传播学院。现在当我们想到英国,我们会想起伊拉克战争,会想到凯利的悲剧,我很不情愿提到这些。到目前为止,还没有足够的证据能证明伊拉克有大规模杀伤性武器。你觉 得这个时期,是不是你政治生涯中最严峻的时候?你是怎么想的?你对发动战争有没有后悔过?谢谢。
董关鹏:
请你们提问的时候尽量地简明扼要,第二个问题由这位男同学提问。
同学:
早上好,首相先生,我是杨伟,来自经管学院。我今天能够在这里感到非常地荣幸。您曾在美国国会上说,英国会参与改变欧盟的活动。我的问题是,如果欧盟拒绝按照英国提倡的方式来做,英国还会是欧盟的一部分吗?谢谢。
董关鹏:
再来一个问题,好,左边这位女士。
同学:
早上好,布莱尔先生。我的名字是何凡,来自电子工程系。前几天你们对有关的媒体进行监管,这是事实吗?你不觉得这是违反新闻自由的行为吗?谢谢。
布莱尔:
谢谢。我们可以看到英国的媒体就在那里,他们也许在想这个问题对我来说是非常简单的。但我觉得前面三个问题非常有挑战性,所以如果我
想控制媒体的话,那我肯定失败了。这上面的就是英国的媒体,有时候他们提的一些问题让人很难过,有时候你会对一些问题感到非常气愤或者很伤心。但我仍然认为无论多么困难,你们能够对政治家提出政治的难题让
他们回答,这是非常不错的。我并不希望控制媒体,我只想以我的方式表达我的观点。你们刚才提到的两个问题,关于伊拉克战争和大规模杀伤性武器,以及欧洲这些问题,无论对英国还是世界都是比较难的。对于大规模杀伤性武器,我可以毫无疑问地告诉你们,伊拉克是在发展大规模杀伤性武器。现在我们在伊拉克有一个专门的调查小组,他们正在做有关的取证工作,这组人刚刚开始他们的调查工作。当他们递交他们的调查结果的时候,我们才能知道他们的发现,然后人们才能知道事实的真相。所以这个调查小组正在那里,我们称之为伊拉克调查小组,他们将会采访有关的专家和目击者,而且他们会到现场去采集有关杀伤性武器的证据。如果杀伤性武器的证据成立的话,关于这个话题也许我们会有更多更为正式的讨论。你问到我对于伊拉克战争会不会感到后悔,我会说,不,我不会感到后悔。我相信无论有多么的困难,这是正确的决定。同时我也觉得这不仅是对世界安全的考虑,同时也是为了伊拉克苦难的人民。推翻萨达姆政权对伊拉克人民是有好处的,因为萨达姆是一个非常残酷的统治者,他残杀了无数无辜的人民。我觉得这个问题对当今国际社会来说也是很难的,我做出那样的决定,因为我觉得这无论对于我的国家还是世界来说都是正确的。到现在为止,我仍然认为是正确的决定。所以作为国家的领导人,我做出了这样的决定。关于欧洲这是一个很好的问题,因为这是英国所面临的一个两难的抉择,英国想成为欧盟的一部分,但同时也希望欧盟做出改变。如果欧盟不改变的话,英国加入欧盟非常重要。并且我们相信,英国能以自己的方式去改变欧盟。因为我们不能把自己从欧洲分离出来,我们是欧洲大陆的一个部分,所以我们继续保留作为欧洲大陆的一个部分。这无论在经济角度和政治角度考虑都是非常重要的。刚刚我提到中国有十三亿人口,尽管我们有十个国家新近加入欧盟,现在欧盟共有二十五个国家。尽管这样,我们也只有四亿五千万人口,而中国一个国家却有十三亿人口。所以英国作为欧盟各国里面的一部分这是非常重要的。我觉得把英国从欧盟里面分离出来是个重大的错误,我不知道在改变欧盟的努力中英国能否成功,但是我觉得我们会的。而且我觉得欧盟应该保持开放,加强与世界其他国家的合作。我觉得英国作为欧盟的一部分非常重要,尽管有时这个观点在英国很不受欢迎,有些人并不喜欢欧洲。但我觉得这是英国应该做的。并且我认为,作为一个政治领导人,假如我认为是正确的,我会坚持这么做。谢谢。
董关鹏:
谢谢。现在由坐在后面的同学发问。
同学:
谢谢,早上好。我是梁萌,来自经管学院。我想问一个关于教育交流的问题,您刚才在演讲当中提到有大量的中国学生在英国留学,然而在英国的学校申请奖学金是非常困难的,而且很多英国大学收取留学生的学费远远高于本地学生。所以我们在想,英国的学校录取中国留学生的动机,是希望加强与中国的教育交流,活跃英国学校的校园?还是主要出于商业的考虑?谢谢。
同学:
布莱尔先生,欢迎您来到清华大学。我的名字是郝育倩,是新闻传播学院三年级的学生。在最近的国家领导人峰会当中,您提到一国的政府可以入侵和推翻另一国政府的统治,来解放那里的人民。这个观点被与会的其他政府反对。所以我想问您,您提出的这个问题有没有《国际法》的充分支持?
学生:
早上好,布莱尔先生。我是栾鹏,来自法学院,我想会问一些比较轻松的问题。众所周知您的夫人切丽女士在英国是一个非常成功的律师,据说她的工资比首相的工资高得多。中国传统的观点认为,丈夫应该比妻子赚得更多,这是保持家庭稳定非常重要的因素。我的问题是,您有什么技巧来平衡您的家庭关系?谢谢。
布莱尔:
首先,关于教育交流,这有很多因素,商业的考虑也是其中之一,因为教育机构也有开支。我觉得关于教育交流的问题是,最主要的原因是很难获得奖学金,学校从政府那里获得资助。有时候人们会跟政府抱怨,我们的钱是付给我们国内的学生而不是其他国家的学生,所以留学生要获取奖学金是很难的。实际上,我们现在正在扩大我们的奖学金。现在的情况是,在过去的几年里,中国到英国的留学生大量增加。尽管在英国获取奖学金很难,但是人们仍然争取到英国留学。所以我希望,我们都读经济学,我不是修新闻学的。我考虑在未来教育的交流将会非常重要,同时我也在考虑每个到来的学生,当他们回自己的国家,我希望他能够作为代表英国的使者。当他们回到中国或者俄罗斯,无论他们来自哪个国家。所以扩大我们的招生,招收更多的留学生。所以你可以申请奖学金,我们会尽量考虑的。关于下一个问题,我认为一个国家到另外一个国家,去解放那个国家的人民是不对的。当然,我知道解放人民是件好事,但是这需要符合规矩。人们担心一个国家想要去统治另外一个国家,那么如果一个国家不满意另外一个国家的政府就去推翻它,这是你问题背后的逻辑。因为你问题的含义是,必须谨防陷于某种情况。如果美国,也许你指的是美国不满意别的国家的政府,美国就会去消灭它。我同意,这样的情况可能发生。但我觉得我们需要考虑,假如有一个国家它做的事情,对其他的国家还有本国的人民非常危险,国际社会会怎么反应呢?我同意,我们需要阻止这样的事情发生,这是我在美国国会的时候提出的,我说我们不能单纯地自由行动,人们不能随心所欲。同时,世界更紧密地联系着。一个国家的行动事关重要,因为它会影响其他的国家。我们不能说一个国家的行径非常恶劣,我们就纵容它。所以要解决它是一个难题,我们可以运用很多法律和规则。另一个问题,首先,我的夫人比我聪明,所以她选择法律而不是政治。有时候我看见关于她的收入的报道,我希望这是真的。但是我想,现代女性应该赚得跟男性一样多,而且越多越好。这是完全可能的。看一下现在这里所有的女性,其中一部分也会成为律师,是吧。你不会介意你赚的比你的丈夫多吧?这里的女士们,你会介意比你的丈夫赚得多吗?你们都有赚钱的自由,人们赚钱的多少在于他们付出的努力,而不取决于他们是男性还是女性,而只能说明他们优秀或者不优秀。这是我的观点。
董关鹏:
接着提问。
学生:
首相先生,欢迎到清华来。我是赵晓东,来自经济管理学院法学系。几天前,在您到美国的访问中,有报纸评论说英国是美国的跟随者,您是怎么看待这些评论的?
董关鹏:
这边。
学生:
早上好,首相先生,欢迎您到清华来。我是林楠,来自计算机科学与技术系。面对凯利事件,您决定不辞职。您能不能坦诚地告诉我们,当您在去日本的途中,听到凯利自杀的时候,您当时的感受是怎么样的?您将怎么处理这个政治危机,重新获得人们的信任?谢谢。
学生:
谢谢,首相先生,我是高宇宁,来自中国研究院公共政策和管理系。我要问一个很专业的领域,一些亚洲学者讨论在东南亚建立一个亚洲联盟,就像欧洲的欧盟。您能说一下建立一个亚洲联盟的可行性,以及您认为它会有什么样的影响?谢谢。
布莱尔:
首先,谁是第一发问者?哦,是你。人们经常会问到,英国跟美国的强大联盟。但是我们不能说我们之间就没有分歧,有时候我们也会有不同意见,比如在政治,还有气候变暖的问题上。在某些问题上,我们对贸易也有分歧。但我觉得英国与美国建立起强大的联盟是有重大意义的。因为我们在一些非常困难的时刻联手作战。第二次世界大战就不用说了,我们联合把欧洲从法西斯手里解放出来。对于我们与美国的关系,我感到非常自豪,我对我们的伙伴关系感到非常自豪。但我并不认为与美国的良好关系是我们所能具有的惟一的关系,现在这个世界上有两种观点。有一种观点认为,不同的国家他们互相竞争或者互相平衡,所以这里是美国,那里是欧洲,那里是俄罗斯,中国在这里。我认为在现今的世界上这种观点是很危险的,我认为大家应该走到一起。我要告诉你为什么,假如您想一下我们现在的处境,美国不会打中国,中国不会打俄罗斯,俄罗斯不会打欧洲,在二十世纪的两次世界大战中数以百万的人死亡。而现在欧洲处在和平当中,欧洲国家结成一个联盟。我不认为现在世界面临的问题是各国之间的战争,而现在面临的问题是国际恐怖主义,大规模杀伤性武器,还有极少数的破坏分子,气候变化、经济全球化,发展贫穷国家的经济。我觉得应付这些挑战的方法,是各国人民的合作。所以我们跟美国有很好的关系,同时我们也是欧盟的一部分。我也愿意发展与中国更紧密的关系,因为我觉得中国的发展在国际上是非常重要的。所以关于怎么样发展,我的看法是我们不要把不同国家划分成不同的势力,互相竞争,这是二十世纪的政治。我觉得二十一世纪的政治是各个国家联合起来,制定一个共同的行动纲领。这意味着制定这个共同的行动纲领,并不是单纯地由美国提出来的,而是我们大家共同制定的。这就是我为什么在美国国会提出这不仅仅是关于恐怖主义,同时这也关于中东和平进程。关于非洲的贫困,关于气候的变化,我们可以把所有这些事情拿到一起共同去研究解决。所以我觉得英国的任务不是去担心与美国的联盟,我觉得我们应该跟美国保持良好的盟友关系,我们应该把这种影响扩大开来,推动美国和其他国家的关系,制定起大家都能接受的共同的行动纲领。中国的领导能够接受,欧盟也能接受,俄罗斯也能接受,还有像印度这样的发展中国家。大家都走到一起,制定共同的行动纲领,这是我们努力的方向。因为我觉得这对于将来的安全和和平至关重要,我坚信这一点。首先我要说的是,在过去的几天我没有在英国,凯利的死对他的家庭来说是个悲剧,而我不能给予他们帮助。我非常不希望更多地提到这个情况。我只想说希望他灵魂永存,希望他的家人节哀顺变。在伊拉克战争当中惟一的问题是,正如我刚才对一位女生所说的在伊拉克有一个调查小组正在做全面的调查,采访伊拉克武器专家和科学家,并且在做武器调查的取证工作。我想人们应该等到调查小组回来之后再做出结论,因为情况很困难。正如我刚才跟你们一位所说的,作为一个政治家,尤其当你要做出是否战争的决定的时候,你要按照你认为正确的方向去做出决定,并且坚信你的决定是正确的。我相信在这里肯定有人持不同意见,但这是我所相信的,也是我所坚持的。谁是最后一个,噢,如果亚洲想要联合起来结成更大的非政治贸易组织,我觉得这是可能的,但是会不会像欧盟一样,这点我不确信。但是可以肯定的是,就像我刚才所提到的,世界一体化的进程在加快,亚洲国家会加强相互之间的贸易和合作。我想这种合作将在全世界范围内发生,就像在南美洲和欧盟,并且在全世界范围都会发生。原因是显而易见的,世界一体化,经济和技术全球化意味着人们必须更紧密地合作。所以我觉得这种发展会继续,亚洲国家应该加强合作,不管是不是像欧盟那样,都是有意义的。我相信最后国家之间都会加快合作的进程。
董关鹏:
我要宣布还有最后三个问题。
布莱尔:
可以问五个。
董关鹏:
好的,可以问五个问题。这位男同学。
学生:
早上好,布莱尔先生。我叫田培杰,来自法学院。我要问的问题与SARS有关。人们有很多担心,那就是怎么样在全球范围内给贫穷的人群提供足够的医疗保障。我的问题是,在英国,您觉得怎么样才能有效地解决这个问题?谢谢。
学生:
我有另外一个问题,我是胡薇薇,来自国际关系学院政策和管理系。我想要知道的是您对中英双边关系的看法,还有您对以后发展两国关系有什么期望?谢谢。
学生:
早上好,布莱尔先生,很荣幸能够把您请到这里来。我是徐博,来自新闻学院。众所周知大英博物馆有大量的中国文物,对不起,我感到非常紧张。我喜欢你的领带。
布莱尔:
我喜欢你的衬衫。
学生:
谢谢你。如果有一天你的孩子问你,中国的文物怎么跑到英国博物馆来,你怎么回答?据报道,伊拉克博物馆的很多文物被盗窃,这些失窃的文物会对大英博物馆的收藏有所帮助吗?谢谢。
学生:
布莱尔先生,欢迎你到清华。我是黄瑞,是新闻学院的毕业生。您对中英教育交流的支持给我很深刻的印象,但最近我看到一些消息说英国东北部一些大学取消中国文化和语言的专业,我感到非常遗憾。而这些学校里面,甚至包括知名的德姆大学,您觉得这些学校的决定会影响中英文化和教育的合作吗?如果会产生这样的影响,您觉得有什么解决的方法?
学生:
早上好,布莱尔先生,我是涂国玉,来自自动工程系。您大概是我爸爸的年龄,你像我父亲一样慈祥。您能不能像您对您的孩子那样老实地告诉我们,您在伊拉克战争当中没有撒谎?谢谢。
布莱尔:
第一个问题是SARS和医疗保障。我个人认为我们在英国的医疗保障体系有一个明显的优势,也有一点不足。优势是我们建立起记录所有人健康的每一方面的一个庞大的数据库系统,所以不管你是穷是富,你都能够得到国家医疗中心的治疗。我觉得这是一个很好的系统,我们会继续保持。但我们这个系统的缺点,也是我们需要改进的地方,那是我们需要有更为灵活的医疗保障系统。所以我们能有各种各样的方法来帮助人们,有一些人可以通过本地社区和私人医院,有些人在医院里获得医治,而有些人则通过疾病控制中心。所以人们可以通过不同的方式获得治疗。关于中英双边关系,这是谁提的问题?我们是有分歧,问题是我们怎么去处理这些分歧。我们永远从这些分歧中退出?还是说我们继续合作,暂时放下分歧意见?我想这是我们能做的最好的方法。有位同学说他喜欢我的领带,您指的是中国文物收藏,我表示遗憾,这是很久以前历史遗留的问题。至于伊拉克留下来的文物,巴格达的博物馆在伊拉克战争中被摧毁。但实际上人们会将把伊拉克的文物送回来,巴格达博物馆也会重新开放。当然文物不会跑到大英博物馆,有一点很明确的是,属于伊拉克的文物一定会返回给伊拉克人民,这一点至关重要。谁问到关于教育交流的问题?学校做出的决定可能会出于各种各样的原因,或者是财政困难,或者是其他原因,这是经常发生的事情。没有足够的钱去运转,没有钱去做你想做的事情。但我可以向你保证,我们会继续欢迎中国留学生到英国来学习。如果他们不能到某一个学校,他们肯定能到另外一个学校去。谁是最后一个问道我会怎么回答我的孩子?我想要说的是,作为一个政治领导人,你要做出你认为正确的决定。有时候要做出这些决定是很困难的,但我充分相信,在与伊拉克的关系中我们绝不允许萨达姆发展大规模杀伤性武器,毫无疑问,他是在发展大规模杀伤性武器。因为联合国有二十三个鉴定认为,萨达姆在发展大规模杀伤性武器。这里还会有人认为这是英国或者美国虚构的吗?事实就是如此,这是很严肃的问题。这就是为什么联合国检查人员整个九十年代都呆在伊拉克,然后他们在1998年底被迫离开。但是在联合国做出决定之后,却在十一月又回到伊拉克。毫无疑问,萨达姆大规模杀伤性武器给人类造成极大的威胁。同样的,无可置疑萨达姆大规模杀伤武器给伊拉克人们造成的危险。这里的人绝对不会赞同萨达姆的做法。伊拉克有两千三百万的人口,有四百万的人口被驱逐出境,每年有数万的儿童死于营养不良和可以避免的疾病。所有这些都是因为他的统治所造成的。允许这样的一个执政者来扰乱世界安全,我认为这是错误的。所以我做出那样的决定,我理解会有人不赞同我的决定,作为一个政治领导人的困难在于你必须做出你认为正确的决定,而且坚持你的立场。我做出了决定,我相信这是正确的,如果你也有同样的信条,你可以支持我。如果你有不同的信条,你可以不支持我,你可以支持其他人。我不能说更多的了,这是我要对我自己的孩子以及别人的孩子要说的话。谢谢。
主持人:
这是一次与众不同的对话。我想布莱尔愿意选择这种圆桌对话的方式,是因为他希望在一种更平等、更开放、更轻松的氛围当中和中国的学生来畅谈中英两国的往来和交流。布莱尔上任之后,让曾经跌宕起伏的中英关系走上了健康良性的发展道路。如今,阔别五年之后的再度访华,让人们对中英两国全面伙伴关系更充满了期待和信心。虽然说此刻布莱尔和清华学子的圆桌对话已经结束了,但是我相信,在中英两国之间,在民间、在政府更多的交流,更多的对话正在展开。好了,这里是《对话》,谢谢各位的收看。我们下周同一时间再见。