气候变化演讲(英语)-宋哲

第一篇：气候变化演讲(英语)-宋哲

Tackle Climate Change Actively and Promote Sustainable Development--Speech at the EastWest Institute Seminar by H.E.Ambassador Song Zhe, Head of the Mission of the P.R.China to the EU

February 2010

Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very pleased to be at this meeting and exchange views with you.I would like to take this opportunity to make three points: first, the Copenhagen Conference was a new starting point to tackle climate change;Secondly, the international community should give adequate attention to the issue of adaptation;Thirdly, China and the EU should strengthen dialogue and cooperation on climate change.We still have fresh memories of the Copenhagen Conference which was held two months ago.Although the meeting experienced twists and turns, but thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, it ultimately obtained two important results.First, by adhering to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and the Bali road map, the conference identified clearly the direction for the negotiations in the next step;Secondly, the conference issued the Copenhagen Accord, marking new progress in terms of binding reduction by developed countries and voluntary action by developing countries.It also reached certain consensus on issues such as long-term goals, funding, technology and transparency, which laid the foundation for further strengthening international cooperation on climate change and gave political impetus to future negotiations.It is fair to say that the Copenhagen conference was a success.It produced the best result that can be achieved at this stage, which should be cherished.On tackling climate change, the road is long and tortuous.The Copenhagen Conference is not the end, but a new beginning.In recent weeks, there are nearly one hundred countries which notified the Secretariat of the Copenhagen Accord their respective emission reduction or mitigation targets.A series of important international conferences will be held in Bonn and Mexico this year.As a responsible member of the international community, China will continue to play an active and constructive role, earnestly fulfill its commitment, strengthen international cooperation, and with the Copenhagen Accord as the basis, work together with other parties for an early conclusion of the “Bali road map”, so as to promote continuous progress of the international cooperation on climate change.Recently, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao sent letters to Danish Prime Minister Rasmussen and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and stated that China supports the Copenhagen Accord.Premier Wen reiterates that China will strive to achieve national voluntary reduction targets, that is, by 2020, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 40% to 45% than 2005, non-fossil energy will account for about 15% of primary energy consumption, forest area will increase by 40 million hectares over 2005 and forest carbon sink by 1.3 billion cubic meters.This is a voluntary action China takes according to its own national conditions and stage of development, it is not attached to any conditions, or links to other country's emission reduction targets.It reflects the maximum efforts that the Chinese government can make.Here, I would like to highlight that China is still a developing country.It is in the critical stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization.We are facing an arduous task of economic development and improving people's livelihood.China's per capita GDP ranks after the world's first 100.By the UN standard, 150 million Chinese remain in poverty.Every year jobs for 12 million people need to be created, even more than the entire population of Belgium.In addition, China's coal-dominated energy mix poses special difficulties to emission reduction.Even so, the Chinese Government has always taken a responsible attitude towards the nation and mankind, and takes climate change as an important strategic task.To use a metaphor, we want mountains of gold and silver, but first of all we want mountains of trees.China will not repeat the model of “pollution first, treatment later” as it was in the history of the developed countries.China will set its own mitigation targets as compulsory targets of the national economic and social development plan and make efforts to meet our committed targets and do even more.We will unswervingly pursue sustainable development and honor our commitment by taking concrete actions.Ladies and gentlemen，Mitigation and adaptation are two integral aspects in tackling climate change.Mitigation is a relatively longer-term and challenging task, whereas adaptation is more immediate and urgent.The core of adaptation is funding.The UNFCCC explicitly stipulates the obligation on the part of developed countries to provide funding and technology to developing countries.At present, the international community has established a number of multilateral financing mechanisms, including the Least Developed Countries Fund.But frankly speaking, the international community's emphasis on adaptation is far from enough.The funds that are available and can really be put in place by the existing mechanisms are very limited, and falling far short of the actual needs and expectations from the developing countries.The international community should give more attention to adaptation.It's been wrong that we put so much emphasis on mitigation but so little on adaptation.The developed countries, in particular, should shoulder the responsibility, and in accordance with the Convention, deliver their promises to developing countries on financial and technology support.The Copenhagen Conference, having reached a preliminary consensus on the issue of funding, represented a step in the right direction.However, the Accord does not clearly specify the sources of funding in the short term or how they are going to be implemented.Neither does it stipulate the exact amount of long-term funding commitment of the countries concerned.There leaves much uncertainty.We hope that the developed countries will demonstrate political sincerity and take concrete action to fulfill its obligations, rather than evading or shifting to others their responsibilities.Ladies and gentlemen，China-EU cooperation on climate change is already a long story.As early as in 2005, the two sides established partnership on climate change.At the 12th China-EU Summit last year, the two sides decided to upgrade such partnership and strengthen policy dialogue and practical cooperation in the field of climate change.Following the Copenhagen Conference, the two sides plan to add an extra round of consultations on climate change which will take place in the near future.The EU possess advanced concepts and technologies in the field of energy saving and environmental protection.China has a vast market demand.The two sides should further tap the potentials for cooperation on energy and climate change, especially in the following areas:

First, energy conservation and energy efficiency.China's energy utilization efficiency is far lower than the EU and other developed countries, and China needs to further reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP.The second area is renewable energy.By cooperation under the Clean Development Mechanism, the EU could help China to promote renewable energy development, improve energy structure, and strengthen social environmental awareness.The third area is clean energy.For quite a long time in the future, China's energy production and consumption will continue to be dominated by coal, which present us a vast platform for technical cooperation.Ladies and Gentlemen:

The EU is the world's biggest economy, and China is the world's biggest developing country.To strengthen practical cooperation between China and the EU on climate change, and sustainable development not only serves the fundamental interests of both sides, but is also conducive to world prosperity and development.We are willing to cooperate with all communities in the EU and make unremitting efforts to cope with climate change and achieve sustainable development.Thank you!

第二篇：施瓦辛格关于气候变化的演讲

施瓦辛格关于气候变化的演讲

Well, thank you very much for the wonderful introduction.Thank you, Secretary General, Mr.President, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen:

I have come to feel great affection for the peoples of the world because they've always been so

welcoming to me—if it is as a bodybuilding champion, or as a movie star, private citizen, or as the

governor of the great state of California.And you, their delegates, have also made me feel very

welcome here this morning.So I want to thank you for this great honor for having me here.www.xiexiebang.com

I also want to thank my wife and my partner and the First Lady of California, Maria Shriver, for

being here today with me.Give her a big hand—right over there she is.Now, I've been asked—I've been asked to talk to you today about what is happening in California.What are we doing about climate change? Well, ladies and gentlemen, something remarkable is

beginning to stir—something revolutionary, something historic and transformative.Let me give you some background.California already leads the nation in information technology.We lead the nation in nanotechnology，in biotechnology, and in medical technology.We generate one of every four U.S.patents, and we

attract almost half of all U.S.venture capital.And according to The Economist magazine, California

is also home to three of the top six universities in the world.And in addition to all of this, California

is the seventh largest economy in the world.Now I do not mention these things to just simply boast or brag.I'm mentioning it because

California is a very powerful state, a very powerful place.And when do something, it has

consequences.And here is what we are doing.California is mobilizing—technologically, financially, and politically—to fight global climate

change.Now we're not doing this alone.While California is leading in the U.S., we are building on

the work of the European countries who have led the way up until now and have done extraordinary

work.England has already met its Kyoto goals.Germany has pioneered solar.The EU has led with

its trading system.And the list goes on and on.But California, because of its unique position, is on the cutting edge of what is to come.And what

is coming will benefit the countries and peoples represented in this chamber.Last year in California，we enacted greenhouse gas emission standards that were beyond anyone else's dreams.We enacted

the world’s first low carbon fuel standards.Now do I believe that California’s standards will solve global warming? Of course not.What we’re

doing is changing the dynamic, preparing the way and encouraging the future.The aerospace

industry built the modern economy of Southern California.The computer industry and the internet

built the economy of the Silicon Valley.And now green, clean technology—along with

biotech—will take California to the next level.Right now, in California, the brightest scientists from around the world and the smartest venture

capitalists are racing to find new energy technologies and the solution to global warming.It is a

race that is fueled by billions and billions of dollars.Last year alone, California received more than

1.1 billion dollars in clean tech investment.And this amount is expected to grow by 20 to 30%

annually for the next ten years.More venture capital is being invested in clean tech than in

telecommunications.Now I have been to those labs and research parks.I have talked with the

scientists and to the venture capitalists.I have seen their ambition.And let me tell you, I would not

www.xiexiebang.com bet against it.So what does all this mean for the nations in this chamber? Well the cell phone, which started as a

tool for the rich, is now widespread in the developing world.The price has dropped dramatically，and therefore it can be afforded by almost everyone.And the same thing will happen with

environmental technologies.And it is in the developed world's best interests to help the poor

nations finance these advancements.When it comes to the environment, the technologies are changing; the economics are changing; and

the urgency's changing.So the question today is this: Are the nations of the world ready are to

change? I believe that California will do great things, amazing things, but we need the world to do great things, too.The time has come to stop looking back at the Kyoto protocol.The time has come to stop looking

back in blame or suspicion.The consequences of global climate change are so pressing—that it

doesn’t matter who was responsible for the past.What matters is who is answerable for the future.And that means all of us.The rich nations and the poor nations have different responsibilities, but one responsibility we all

have—and that is action.Action, action, action.The current stalemate between the developed and

the developing worlds must be broken.It is time to come together in a new international agreement

that can be embraced by rich and poor nations alike.California is moving the United States beyond

debate and doubt to action.So I urge this body to push its members to action also.Ladies and gentlemen, in closing, let me just say this: Do not lose hope.I do not believe that doom

and gloom and disaster are the only outcomes.Humanity is smart, and nature is amazingly regenerative.I believe that we can renew the climate of this planet.I believe this 100 percent.So I

pledge to you, the members of the United Nations, that we in California will work with all our heart to this end for which we all long.Thank you very much.Thank you.

第三篇：宋祺哲工会工作调研报告

关于工会工作的调研报告

一、基本情况

近年来，工会工作在公司工会办公室的领导支持和各基层分工会的共同努力下，坚持走中国特色社会主义工会发展道路，认真贯彻“组织起来、切实维权”的工会工作方针，在加强自身建设、发展和谐稳定的劳动关系、推进民主管理、服务经济社会发展等方面取得了可喜成绩，各项工作稳步扎实地开展和推进。

1、组织和工作体系基本健全。工会组织较为健全，设立了（工会委员会、经审会），办公室在办公条件、活动场地、活动经费等方面给予工会以大力支持，各项制度建立健全，办公软硬环境条件也比较好。干部、职工100％加入了工会组织，工作开展良好。

2、党政重视支持工会工作。长期以来，公司领导高度重视和支持工会工作，把加强和改进对工会工作的领导纳入党政重要议事日程，切实加强对工会工作的领导和支持，坚持每年至少1－2次听取工会工作汇报，及时研究解决工会工作中遇到的困难和问题，保证了工会在党政的领导和支持下较好地独立自主开展工会工作。我公司工会从不同的方面对特困职工进行帮扶，建立贫困职工档案。2011年8月份，举办了“献爱心，金秋助学”活动，共募集资金6000余元，资助了公司内困难职工高中应届毕业生2人，初中应届毕业生3人。

3、自身建设得到加强，作用发挥良好。工会能够紧密结合各自实际，抓住制度建设、工会干部素质提升、实践科学发展观等重要环节和主要内容，不断加强自身建设，工会自身建设基本达

到规范化、制度化。

5、注重处理与地方工会的关系。工会领导高度重视与基层工会的联络与沟通，把开展活动与处理矛盾关系有机地结合起来，总体关系上下通畅，内外良好。工会坚持每年组织开展1－2次大型活动，提升工会的影响力，丰富职工精神文化生活。

二、存在的主要问题

1、工作活力不足。当前，工会还缺乏应有的活力，难以为职工提供全面有效的服务，不能充分满足职工的需求。一是工作内容滞后。工会工作的内容大多按照上级工会部署按部就班完成任务的时候多，结合自身实际，有针对性地、开创性地开展工作的内容少。导致工会工作忙于应付，工作成效不明显；二是工作手段缺乏。面对职工迫切需要解决的维权、帮扶、救助等问题，由于工会受到维权政策不配套、物质基础保障弱等因素制约，当遇到相当数量的困难职工群体需要救助、一些职工权益受损需要维护时，作为工会此时往往缺乏有效的工作手段。

2、民主政治建设亟待加强。虽然职代会制度建立起来了，但在规范运作、落实职权，真正体现广大职工主人翁地位和发挥作用上，还存在一些问题。职工迫切需要的知情权、参与权、建议权难以落实。

3、干部队伍建设步伐缓慢。工会干部队伍人员少，且还是兼职，与适应新形势新任务要求有差距。

三、对加强和改进工会工作的意见和建议

工会要按照“组织起来、切实维权”的工会工作方针，以“扩大覆盖面，增强凝聚力”为着力点，不断推进工会工作迈上新台

阶。工会要在本级党组织和上级工会的领导下，认真贯彻党中央关于工会工作的指示要求，以维护职工权益为工作原则，独立自主地开展工作。密切联系职工群众，关心职工群众生产生活，热忱为职工群众办实事、做好事、解难事，努力把工会建设成为组织健全、维权到位、工作活跃、作用明显、职工信赖的职工之家。

1、强化领导，务实基础。应进一步加强对工会工作的领导，定期召开会议，听取工作情况汇报，尊重和支持工会依法开展各项活动，帮助经工会解决工作中遇到的实际困难和问题，在机构设臵、人员配备、经费落实、办公设备等方面，为工会创造良好的外部环境和工作条件。

2、加强对工会干部业务知识的培训。通过举办培训班、召开现场指导会、经验交流会等多种形式加强对乡镇工会干部的业务知识的培训，提高工会干部队伍的整体素质，使他们能熟练掌握和运用相关知识，同时把工会干部培养成敢于监督、善于监督的专业人才。

二○一二年元月十九日调研人：宋祺哲

第四篇：马哲课演讲

中国古代哲学的妥协与叛逆

中国古代哲学大约萌芽于殷、周之际，成形于春秋末期，战国时代已出现百家争鸣的繁荣局面。

它的发展已有3000多年的历史，截至1840年，大体可分为：奴隶制及其向封建制转变时期的哲学；封建制时期的哲学。

文艺复兴是个认识“人”的过程，中国的古代哲学，一路走来也是一个认识“人”的过程。

轴心时代

公元前800至公元前200年之间，尤其是公元前600至前300年间,是人类文明的“轴心时代”.“轴心时代”发生的地区大概是在北纬30度上下,就是北纬25度至35度区间。这段时期是人类文明精神的重大突破时期。在轴心时代里，各个文明都出现了伟大的精神导师———古希腊有苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德，以色列有犹太教的先知们，古印度有释迦牟尼，中国有孔子、老子……他们提出的思想原则塑造了不同的文化传统，也一直影响着人类的生活。

此时正是中原在王权列国时代和皇权帝国时代之间的转型期，大家很清楚，那就是春秋战国时代。

伴随着春秋战国时代的社会大转型的，是思想观念的大转型，也就是雅斯贝尔斯（K.T.Jaspers）所说的“轴心时期”（Axial Period）[2]。这个时期，诸子百家兴起。

诸子百家

法家、道家、墨家、儒家、阴阳家、名家、杂家、农家、小说家、纵横家、兵家、医家

法家商鞅的愚民政策 商鞅战国时期政治家、改革家、思想家，法家代表人物，卫国人，卫国国君的后裔，姬姓公孙氏，故又称卫鞅、公孙鞅。后因在河西之战中立功获封商于十五邑，号为商君，故称之为商鞅。

商鞅通过变法使秦国成为富裕强大的国家。政治上，商鞅改革了秦国户籍、军功爵位、土地制度、行政区划、税收、度量衡以及民风民俗，并制定了严酷的法律；经济上商鞅主张重农抑商、奖励耕织，军事上商鞅作为统帅率领秦军收复了河西

“当时而立法，因事而制礼”以历史进化的思想驳斥了旧贵族所谓“法古”“循礼”的复古主张，为实行变法作了舆论准备。

商鞅变法理念的核心：若要国家富强首在愚民弱民

事实上，一言以蔽之，商鞅变法果真就是一场极端的、匪夷所思的从政治到经济，从文化到民风的激进改革。改革的目标是为了大国崛起，公正地说，商鞅做到了。但他本人却惨遭横死，而生活于这场崛起运动下的秦国民众，尽管眼见祖国一天比一天强大，却不仅没能拥有日甚一日的幸福，反而与这个冷冰冰的祖国越来越对立。

商鞅在秦国历时l9年的变法，要言之，最核心的东西不过两个字：农战。农是农业，战是军事。和当时的大多数变法一样，商鞅的从农战着手的改革看起来也没有什么新鲜之处。--显然，他的新鲜之处不在于改革对象，而在于改革理念和改革手段。

商鞅的改革理念，在《商君书》里可以找出几句话来概括。

其一：“国家政策制定的是人民憎恶的东西，人民就弱；国家政策制定的是人民喜好的东西，人民就强。人民弱了，国家就强；人民强了，国家就弱。”(政作民之所恶，民弱；政作民之所乐，民强。民弱国强，民强国弱。)其二：“国家施行善政，民众中就一定会出现许多奸诈之人。国家富有，但执行让人民贫穷的政策，叫做富上加富，富上加富的一定就强大。国家贫穷，但执行让人民富有的政策，叫做贫上加贫，贫上加贫的一定就衰弱。”(国为善。奸必多。国富而贫治，日重富，重富者强。国赞而富治，日重贫，重贫者弱。)其三：“人民弱势，国家就强大，人民强大，国家就弱势，所以治理有方的国家一定要使人民处于弱势。”(民弱国强，民强国弱。故有道之国务在弱民。)凡此种种，在《商君书》的不同篇章里，都以大同小异的表述出现过，它们无疑就是商鞅变法的核心理念。

--他的理念就是将国家与人民对立起来，有国家的强大就没有人民的幸福，有人民的幸福就没有国家的强大。要实现独裁者让国家强大的理想，最重要的事情就是使人民更加弱小--换言之，大国崛起的基石，就是人民的苦难和泪水。一个雄视四海的大国的崛起，注定要以牺牲全体民众的幸福为代价。

愚民、辱民和穷民。

商鞅的成功，在于他的改革抓住了问题的核心，那就是帝道、王道的理想境界，秦孝公等不及，因而必须用简单的、易于操作的、见效快的办法，像魔术师一样，变出一个生龙活虎的秦国。

法家思想的兴荣就在于他们满足了大多数统治者的利益需求。可以看出在当时想要一个思想盛行，就得向统治者妥协。

儒家董仲舒

儒家是其中的一家。儒家的学说最终取得了国家哲学的地位，这是在汉代才完成的，众所周知，董仲舒在其中扮演了最重要的角色。

董仲舒出生在拥有大量藏书的大地主阶级家庭，也从小热爱读书。他还当过不少时间的夫子，招收大批学生，教导儒学。教出来的学生也很优秀，不少当过大官。他讲课讲得好，渐渐名气越来越大，在汉景帝时当了博士，掌管经学讲授。

董仲舒以《公羊春秋》为依据，将周代以来的宗教天道观和阴阳、五行学说结合起来，吸收法家、道家、阴阳家思想，建立了一个新的思想体系，成为汉代的官方统治哲学，对当时社会所提出的一系列哲学、政治、社会、历史问题，给予了较为系统的回答。

公元前134年，汉武帝下诏征求治国方略。儒生董仲舒在著名的《举贤良对策》中系统地提出了“天人感应”、“大一统”学说和“罢黜百家，表彰六经”的主张。董仲舒认为，“道之大原出于天”，自然、人事都受制于天命，因此反映天命的政治秩序和政治思想都应该是统一的。董仲舒的儒家思想大大维护了汉武帝的集权统治，为当时社会政治和经济的稳定做出了一时的贡献。

董仲舒在儒学扮演帝国意识形态的历史过程中的地位，在于他改造先秦儒学，使它更能适应帝国的需要，使儒学成为主导帝国统治秩序的核心思想，能有效扮演帝国意识形态的角色。

董仲舒在第三次《对策》中主张：“臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科、孔子之术者，皆绝其道，勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息，然后统纪可一而法度可明，民知所从矣。”这段话简要有力地表达了董仲舒透过尊儒达到意识形态控制的用心。

透过意识形态控制，达到统纪、法度的齐一，并非始于儒家，而是法家首创的。《商君书》就反对人民信奉法令以外的知识；《韩非子》更重视思想统制的工作，认为国法的标准若与世俗的毁誉不同，将造成国法权威的陵替，“治强不可得也”，所以主张统一价值标准，排斥儒、侠、纵横、带剑之徒，希望达到以法的赏罚为唯一的价值规范。

后来李斯《焚书议》主张焚书的理由，是害怕不同的学说产生不同的思想，造成不同的价值标准，使国家的“法教”丧失独一无二的权威性，使国君的权势受到损害。这种主张与韩非完全一致，所以秦始皇的焚书之举，是法家理论的实现，一点也不偶然。

（儒家学说）后来变成一个体系，成了士大夫背后一个组织力量，并充分地表达了他们的利益、思想和理想。……儒家学说被用作保护士大夫阶级利益的工具，其做法之巧妙（姑且不说不诚实），迄今为止欺骗了不少学者。” 士大夫集团与儒学之间的利益连系，使得透过尊儒达到意识形态控制的目的得到更大的助力，更易收效。

“废黜百家，独尊儒术”对中国文化的伤害很大，使中国在孔孟之道的泥坑里深陷而难以自拔，这种悲惨局面确实始自于董仲舒。中国很多搞哲学的人对自然科学历史与科学精神缺乏了解，这是他们昏招迭出的一大原因。

PS：盐铁论，一些平民学士也能有机会和朝堂高官共商国事。可见当时的朝堂还是相当有大胸怀的

PS：公羊学是什么东西？董仲舒是公羊学的大家，后世大家比较熟悉的龚自珍，还有梁启超康有为都和公羊学有些关系。

公羊学派，是儒家经学中专门研究和传承《春秋公羊传》的一个学派，它属于今文经学内部最重要的一个分支学派。西汉景帝时期，立治《春秋》“公羊学”的博士胡毋生、董仲舒（当时的博士还不是专经的博士）。汉武帝立五经博士，其中的《春秋》博士就是公羊学派，而传授系统就是胡毋生和董仲舒两条线索。

明朝王阳明的弟子们

王阳明对知有两种用法，用作动词和用作名词。用作名词，就是存在于内心的知识，或者认知能力。用作动词就是将内心之知推送、赋予给外物，将内心的认知能力应用到外物上，这就是知的过程。

王阳明说的知（名词），即知识，主要的和重要的并非物理属性的知识，而是义理之知。义理就是道理，就是该做什么，该怎么做，什么是正确，什么事错误。

王阳明认为，义理是内在于人心的，而且是天然地内在于人心的。这就是所谓的“良知”、“良能”，是不学而知，不学而能的。

王阳明提出“知行合一”，其目的就是在于对抗外在的“真理”，外在的“权威”，就是彻底否定任何外在的真理，否定任何外在的权威，唯有每个人自己的内心，才是真理之本源，才是权威之本源。这样就破除了任何形式和任何程度的迷信，而让人建立彻底的自信。

概而言之，王阳明的“知行合一”意见建立和实现真正的心性独立和心性自由。

王艮

王艮的“百姓日用是道“，“百姓日用之学”，是王艮思想的闪光点和泰州学派思想的主旨和重要的进步命题，具有鲜明的人民性。王艮还在孝悌观上有自己独特的看法。

但王艮主张的“孝”和“悌”，不是绝对盲从，而是坚持独立思考，有所选择。他说：“父兄所为，不可不识；父兄所命，不可不择”。这就是说：对的，当然要尊敬从命；不对的，怎么办呢？他说：“所为未是，不可姑息”；“所命未善，反复思绎”。这些都说明王艮不仅能真心诚意地事奉他的父兄，但绝不是“愚孝”、“盲从”，而且能做到抵制和纠正他们的一些错误的东西。因此说，王艮的“孝悌观”和传统的“孝”和“悌”是有原则区别的。

（陆王心学，宋明两代心学的开山鼻祖）陆九渊

一、这是哲学家陆九渊的一句话，很有气魄： 六经皆我注脚。

不管做人还是做学问，应该遵从德行第一的原则，而做学问假如想要求得根本，就不要拘泥于对古代经书的追根究底，而是要另辟蹊径，所谓的六经都是为我做注脚的。

二、详解他的石破天惊的话语：

1，以心求道，而不要执迷于六经的言论。学者的任务是探明天地人生之道，并用之于实践，而不是为学习而学习。即使将六经背得滚得烂熟，却不能明道，不能行道，跟没有学习毫无二致。为此，陆九渊还提出了一个口号：“一意实学，不事空言。”

有人会问：学习六经不就是为了明道吗？陆九渊显然不同意这个观点。事实上，人们学习、理解、运用、迷信六经，是基于一个假设：六经之旨即是道。但实际上，六经某些观点也许总结出了部分社会与人生规律，某些观点却偏离了社会与人生规律。这就是说，创作六经的人未必真正明道，六经的观点也不等于道。那么，通过学习六经而明道，不是缘木求鱼吗？

按陆九渊的观点，一个想明道的人，应该“发明本心”，用心去体悟道的本原，而不能寄希望于六经。中国的传统观念是？崇古非今”，老是觉得古人比现代人聪明，古人的东西总是好的，是牢不可破的经典。陆九渊敢于怀疑、看轻六经，在当时可以说是通天彻地的觉醒。

2，借助六经，为自己服务。陆九渊虽然看轻六经，但并不完全否定六经的价值。他的“六经注我，我注六经”，是把六经当作明道的工具。用现代话来说：站在前人的肩膀上，达到更高的境界。

李贽

《万历十五年》里面有这样一个故事：

前文中大致讲，耿定向说“昔颜山农（颜钧）于讲学会中忽起就地打滚，曰：‘试看我良知！’士友纸巾传为笑柄。”还说李贽跑到寡妇卧室里化缘等，皆以恶语攻击。李贽在1587年对这种攻击作出答辩。除了关于寡妇的事件以外，他对自己不拘形迹毫不掩饰。最值得注意的是他对“就地打滚”的评论。他说，他从来没有听到过这一故事，如果真有这件事，只能证明颜山农确实参透了“良知真趣”。他又说：“世间打滚人和限？日夜无休时。大庭广众之中，谄事权贵人以保一日之荣；暗室屋漏之内，为奴颜婢膝事以幸一时之宠。无人不滚，无时不然，无一刻不打滚。”当一个人真能领悟到打滚的真趣，则另有境界，此即：“当打滚时，内不见己，外不见人，无美于中，无丑于外，不背而身不获，外庭而人不见，内外两忘，身心如一。难矣，难矣！”他认为耿定向的耻笑无损于颜山农，“即千笑万笑、百年笑千年笑，山农不理也。何也？佛法原不为庸众说也，原不为不可语上者说也，原不以恐人笑不敢说而止也。”因为这一段“就地打滚”论，我对李贽有十分好的印象，只是并没有深究过他，仅是凭借《万历十五年》而对他略知一二，他的所谓思想系统，我也是似懂非懂，仅是在此摘录一段比较喜欢的话。

在这些讨论中，他不以孔孟之是非为是非

“虽孔夫子亦庸众人类也”

认为孔子也没什么了不起的。这在当时可是说是在思想界放了一颗精神原子弹。以至于即便是他最亲密的友人，也感到难以接受。

可以这么说，李贽对孔子及孔孟之道的批判确已达到了“非圣无法”的地步，也难怪会惊动十几年不理事的万历皇帝，将他逮入监狱。

其实李贽很少因为他的言行而受到迫害，恰恰相反，在麻城他还是挺受世家大族欢迎的，公然支持李贽的更是大有人在，这种支持最明显的是体现在经济上。

因为对封建礼教的叛逆可以说是当时最时髦的事情，就像我们今天喜欢的摇滚乐一样，娱乐价值远远高于思想价值。

第五篇：(宋哲雨)给妈妈的一封信

给妈妈的一封信

【三级】常蒿路小学宋哲雨

亲爱的妈妈：

妈妈，我听爸爸说：“你的生日马上要到了。”妈妈，我祝你生日过得很快乐！

妈妈，我有一次写作业惹你发起脾气来。我想对你说：都是我不好，惹你发起脾气来了。妈妈你就原谅我吧，我下次不敢了。妈妈，我这攒了几元钱作为生日礼物。妈妈我谢谢你，我把我养的这么大。我其实是很优秀的，有时候就有一点粗心大意。

妈妈，我祝你生日过得很快乐！

你的儿子：宋哲雨

2014年5月3日

虽然只是简短的几句话，却包含着对妈妈深深的爱与感恩之情，努力做好自己！