德语中名词的性

第一篇：德语中名词的性

德语中名词的性

阳性名词的规律

1.以–er结尾的名词，通常都是阳性的。如：

der Lehrer, der Maler(画家)，der Richter（法官），der Politiker（政治家），der Bauer（农民）

2.以-en结尾的名词，通常都是阳性的。如：

der Kuchen，der Wagen, der Schaden

3.以-or结尾的名词，通常都是阳性的。如：

der Motor，der Generator, der Professor

4.以-us结尾的名词，通常都是阳性的。如：

der Pessimismus, der Optimismus，5.以-ling结尾的名词，通常都是阳性的。如：

der Schmetterling

6.月份、星期、季节、方向、天气一般都是阳性的

der Januar, der Februar, der März, der April, der Mai,der Juni, der Juli, der August, der September, der Oktober, der November, der Dezember

der Montag, der Dienstag, der Mittwoch, der Donnerstag, der Freitag, der Samstag,der Sonntag

der Frühling, der Sommer, der Herbst, der Winter

der Norden , der Süden, der Osten ,der Westen

der Regen , der Schnee ,der Wind(aber:die Wolke)

der Morgen ,der Mitttag ,der Nachmittag, der Abend(aber:die Nacht)

7.酒精类饮料一般都是阳性的 der Wein, der Schnaps(aber:das Bier)

8.汽车品牌：der VW，der BMW，der Mercedes，der Porsche，der Audi，der Fiat

阴性名词的规律

1.花卉、树木

die Rose, die Eiche

2.以-keit –heit结尾的单词，都是阴性的。

die Staatsangehörigkeit, die Arbeitslosigkeit, die Geschwindigkeit, die Einheit

3.以 –e-t-ung-enz –ie –ik –ion –tät –ur –ei-schaft结尾的单词，都是阴性的

die Konkurrenz, die Konferenz, die Intelligenz

die Industrie, die Ökonomie

die Politik, die Fabrik, die Musik

die Universität

die Kultur

die Malerei, die Bäckerei

die Wissenschaft，die Wirtschaft

aber：der Junge

4.摩托车品牌：die Yamaha, die Harley-Davidson

中性名词的规律

1.动词原型直接大写得到的名词都是中性

essen – das Essen leben – das Leben schlafen – das Schlafen

2.表示小型的，以-chen-lein结尾的单词都是中性

das Brötchen ，das Baechlein

3.以–ment –um 结尾的单词都是中性

das Experiment ,das Element ,das Wachstum, das Wirtschaftswachstum, das Zentrum

4.颜色：das Blau, das Weiß

第二篇：德语名词词性总结

德语名词词性总结

I)(语法：格)

2)动词去掉词尾en，加er，形成阳性名词，指做动作的人，复数不再改变词尾：

besuchen-> der Besucher lehren-> der Lehrer

3)大多数以en结尾(但不包括动名词或以chen结尾的词)，为阳性：

der Hafen 港口 der Laden 商店

4)阳性名词前加erz，表示大，为主或首要的意思，复数和原词相同：

der Bischof der Erzbischof die Erzbischoefe

5)大多数表示阳性生物的名词，都为阳性：

der Arbeiter 工人 der Loewe 雄师 der Vater 父亲 der Hahn 公鸡 6)四季，月份，周日，都为阳性：

der Fruehling 春天 der Mai 五月 der Montag 周一 der Sonntag 周日 6)表示方向的词，都为阳性：

der Osten 东方 der Westen 西方

der Sueden 南方

der Norden 北方 7)表示风霜雨雪的词，岩石，大地，外国河流：

der Regen 雨 der Wind 风 der Schnee 雪 der Reif 霜

der Fels

岩石

der Boden 大地 8)各种汽车名词，都为阳性：

der VW(Volkswagen)大众汽车

der LKW(Lastkraftwagen)载重汽车

9)大多数带er, el, ling, s, ich, ig 词尾的名词，为阳性：

der Lehrer 老师 der Schluessel 钥匙，密码

der Lehrling 学徒 der Teppich 地毯

Der Koks 焦炭 der Honig 蜂蜜

10)特殊的国家der Irak, der Iran, der Sudan, der Jemen, der Kongo, der Libanon, der Senegal, der Tschad, der Vatikan II形成不同词性的前缀和后缀

1)形容词或动词后加nis形成的词为阴性或中性，复数形式为：nisse

wild 野生的，未开发的 die Wildnis 荒地 die Wildnisse

kennen 认识，了解 die Kenntnis 知识，学问 die Kenntnisse

bilden 制作

das Bildnis 画像 die Bildnisse

2)名词前加ge形成集体性或联合性名词，复数形式按其不同词尾来定：

das Wasser

das Gewaesser 积水 die Gewaesser das Spiel 赌博，比赛 der Gespiele 玩伴 die Gespielen 3)动词前加ge形成表示动作的名词，复数形式按其不同词尾来定：

reden 讲，说 das Gerede 废话，空话，流言蜚语 die Gerede bauen 建筑 das Gebaeude 建筑物 die Gebaeude beten 祈祷 das Gebet 祈祷，祷告 die Gebete 4)名词前加un形成相反意思的名词，复数形式与原来的词相同：

der Dank 感谢 der Undank 忘恩负义 die Undank

5)名词前加ur形成的名词，表示原始，本源或古老的意思，复数形式与原来的词相同：

das Volk 人民 das Urvolk 原始人 die Urvoelker

6)带后缀ett, ier, il及ment的名词多为中性，少数为阳性，复数在后缀上加e:

das Skelett 骨骼，骨架 die Skelette

das Papier 纸

die Papiere

das Experiment 实验

die Experimente

das Reptil 爬行动物 die Reptile

等

第三篇：名词性从句

2007年高考试题单项选择语法分类汇编

十二.名词性从句

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全国卷II]

A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which

2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]

A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where

3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]

A.when B.why C.whetherD.that

4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山东卷]

A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatter who

5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]

A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that

6.—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]

A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor

7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]

A.howB.whatC.whichD.when

8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]

A.whyB.that

[2007 江苏卷]

A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陕西卷]

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As

you read．[2007 上海春]

A．that B．what C．which D．whether

12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why

第四篇：名词性从句

名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。一．引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。二.名词性从句的分类如下

（一）主语从句

主语从句的句型.引导词有疑问词wh-及whether/if及that.1、主语从句在复合句作主语。疑问词引导e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

3、If/whether 引导e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.4．It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名词词组（no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that从句 e.g.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam/It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.5．It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句

e.g.It’s said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引导主语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，但that从句置于开头时不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表语从句

表语从句的句型及要点。引导词疑问词wh-及whether及that.1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。疑问词引导的： e.g.The question was who could go there.Note: 引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省去。

e.g.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他

（三）宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导词有疑问词wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有区别）及that.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.Note:以下情况that不可省略：(不考查）

1.当宾语从句的主语是that时。2.2.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时 Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。

4当that偶尔作except和in的宾语时。This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.中，that it lacks a good index就是介词 in 的宾语从句，这当中的that就不能省略。

（四）同位语从句。引导词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句引导词有疑问词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名词性从句易混知识归纳

易混点一 ：同位语从句与定语从句的区别

that引导的从句，是定语从句还是同位语从句，我们我们采用“试加 法”，来判断。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1.when、where、why引导的从句

引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但引导同位语从句时，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示什么时候，where表示哪儿，引导两种从句时，都在从句中做状语。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的when相当于“on the day”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义，因此是定语从句。

I have no idea when she will be back.when与idea毫无意义上的关联，其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点二：reason后面的名词性从句

reason做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。

1.“The reason +连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。。。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为：这就是。。。的原因（理由）That is the reason why he failed in the contest, 3.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+because引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这是因为。。。；这是由于。。。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4.It（或This、That）+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这就是。。。的原因。

That was why he fell ill.易混点三：what、whatever、who、whoever等引导的名词性从句 我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anything that（无论什么）Whoever=anyone who（无论谁）

Whenever=any time=no matter when（无论何时）Wherever=any place=no matter where（无论何地）这都是泛指。而what、who、when、where则是特指。如： Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意：1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句，也可以引导状语从句，等于“no matter +疑问词”。而no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Eg：Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me..2whoever的宾格还是whoever，一般不用whomever。易混点 whether与if（不做考查）

二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；

注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用if。如：

The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主语从句是有It用作形式主语，if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3宾语从句中，如果whether后紧跟or not，不用换做if；若whether与or not分开使用，则可以换作if。如： I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如： I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.（炫耀）

5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.练习：名词性从句

1.Do you see _____ I mean? 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.4.Let me see _____I can repair the radio or not.5.Keep in mind _____ the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____ book I should read first? 7.He was criticized for _____ he had done.8.Would you kindly tell me _____ I can get to the Beijing Railway Station? 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____ she had seen in China.10.We took it for granted ___ they were not coming.11.I really don't know _____ I should do next.12.I'm afraid _____ the little girl will have to be operated on.13.She walked up to _____ I stood.14.Can you tell me _____ that gentleman is? 15.We'll give you _____ you need.16.They want us to know _____ they can do to help us.17.We must put _____ we have learned into practice.18.Did she say anything about _____ the work was to be done yesterday? 19.He was never satisfied with _____ she had achieved in her work.20.These photographs will show you _____ our village looks like.21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill for the dinner.22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.23.We wish we could have learned _____ you did when we were at high school.24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when I go there.25.From _____ 1 know of him I should say he is a good worker.26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.28._____ was said here must be kept secret.29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.30.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.31.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.32._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.33.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.34._____ you have done might do harm to other people.35._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.36._____ the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known to all.37._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.38.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.39.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off? 40._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said 41.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.42.They are just _____ I want to have.43.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.44.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.45.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.46.We heard the news _____ our team had won.47.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.48.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.高考真题 2011--2013年高考

1._______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.3.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.4.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.5.It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.6.Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.7.When the news came ____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.8.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____ the problem is.9.I’d like to start my own business—that’s _____ I’d do if I had the money.10.The villagers have already known ____ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.11.It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _____ we are to shake hands with.13.Our teachers always tell us to belive in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.14.There is clear evidence_____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret（表达）is bodily pain.2012年高考

1.We can not clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.2.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.3.I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.6.It doesn’t matter____ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.7.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____ he could find about Mark Twain.8.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.9._____ he had left keys in the office was known to us..10.Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.2013年高考

1.I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 2.____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.3.____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.4.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.6.______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.7.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.8.It’s good to know___ the dog will be well cared for while we’re away.9._____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.10.Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.名词性从句翻译练习

1.你不喜欢他与我无关 2.汤姆已经回来了这很清楚 3.纸是中国首先造出来的这是事实。4.你要的是两个苹果吗？ 5.老师问我们是否知道王芳在那里。6.我叔叔说他很快就会回来 7.他说的话没有一句是真的。8.这取决于你是否想做这件事。9.我为什么迟到的原因是我在半路上遇到塞车了。10.她的头发变白了使她有点担心。11.他们就何时何地举行这次多国会议达成了一致意见。

12.你们的任务是在六点钟以前想尽一切办法找些吃的回来,否则，今晚我们就得挨饿。13.我对你们学英语的建议就是多读，多听，多写。14.我们必须面对这个事实即我们已经花光了所有的钱。

15.他要医院给他做出解释的要求是合理的 16.他问我买小提琴花了多少钱。17.你想象不到他们在收到这份精美的礼物时有多么激动。

18.问题是我们应该做什么来帮助他。19.你同意我们后天去旅行的计划吗？20.什么时候，怎样回家那是他自己的决定。21.哪一只球队会取胜还不一定。22.三天后，我们听到了这样的消息我国有发射一颗人造卫星。23.任何对此事视而不见的（ignore / fail to do）人将回铸成大错。

24.运动会这个星期或是下星期开都没有关系。25.我们现在做的以前从来没有做过。36.你能告诉我这本字典是属于谁的吗？

高中名词性从句讲解与练习

参考答案 名词性从句

1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA 26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC 51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA 高考题：2011：BDDCACCADCABDD 2012：DBCCB ADADD 2013: BCCCD CBDBD 1.That you don’t like her has nothing to do with me..2.It was very clear that Tom had returned 3.It is the fact that paper was first made in China 4 4.Are what you want two apples

第五篇：德语词性规律总结

以词尾和类别为依据总结的德语词性。个人觉得蛮有用。Die-keit

Möglichkeit-heit

Gesundheit-ung

Erfahrung-schaft

Wissenschaft

Leidenschaft-thek

Bibliothek-ion

Information-ät

Universität

Qualität-ik

Musik-ie

Ökonomie-ei

Bücherei-ur

Klausur

Kultur

-anz

Eleganz-enz

Intelligenz-e

Sonne

Namen von Blumen und Bäumen:

Rose Natürliche Zahlen:

Zwei Obstarten:

Kiwi

Mango

Motorradmarken:

Vespa

Das-o

Auto-chen

Mädchen

Kätzchen-lein

Entlein-ment

Medikament Musikinstrument-at

Inserat-um

Studium-nis

（见后）

Farben:

Gelb Nominalisieren(名词化的动词):

Essen Bruchzahlen:

Viertel Metalle:

Silber

!s Abitur

!s

Auge

!r

Name

!s

Gebäude

!r

Kaffee/Tee/Käse/Affe/Löwe/Neffe/Pate Tanne

!r

Ahorn

!r

Apfel/Pfirsich

!r Moment

ein Drittel

!e

Hälfte

Kupfer

!r

Stahl

-nis结尾的德语单词很多，但是有些是中性，有些是阴性。没有什么规律，不容易记住。其实大部分以-nis结尾的单词是中性的： das Ärgernis,-ses,-se 愤怒

das Begräbnis,-ses,-se

安葬，葬礼 das Erlebnis,-ses,-se 经历，阅历 das Ergebnis,-ses,-se 成绩，结果，产量

das Bündnis,-ses,-se（通过条约结成的）联盟，同盟 das Hindernis,-ses,-se 阻碍 das Schrecknis,-ses,-se 可怕的事物 das Vermächtnis,-ses,-se 遗赠 das Verhältnis,-ses,-se 关系, 比例 das Vorkommnis,-ses,-se 事件 usw.所以我们只要记住几个常用的阴性名词即可： die Erkenntnis,-,-se 认识，见识，理解 die Erlaubnis,-,-se 许可，同意，批准 die Finsternis,-,-se 昏暗，黑暗 die Ersparnis,-,-se 节省，节约

die Fäulnis,-,-se 腐烂，腐朽；腐化，腐败

为了便于记忆，我做了一个小小的总结： 你这个没有见识的女人！为什么不同意我去买房子？ 住在这昏暗的地下室里，你整天只知道节省，让你的钱都放在银行腐烂吗？ Du, eine Frau ohne Erkenntnis, warum gibst mir nicht die Erlaubnis? Wir wohnen hier in der Keller, voller Finsternis, und du kennst lediglich die Ersparnis.Bald liegt dein Geld in Fäulnis!

-nis转自该博客http://blog.sina.com.cn/pappelwald

Der-ant

Elefant

!s

Restaurant-ent

Präsident-ist

Komponist-or

Humor-ismus

Kapitalismus-ling

Schmetterling-loge

Biologe-et

Athlet-eur

Friseur Elektrogeräte mit-er:

Computer Tage or Tageszeiten:

Mittwoch Monate、Jahre und Jahreszeiten:

Frühling Automarken:

Porche Alkoholika:

Wein

!s

Bier Luftbewegungen:

Wind

Sturm Niederschlage:

Regen

Schnee

Hagel Himmelsrichtungen:

Süden Stein Mineralien:

Diamant

!e

Nacht

Sommer

Herbst Nebel Winter