第一篇:主格 形容词性所有格名词性所有格
主格
形容词性所有格
名词性所有格 He his
his She
her
hers It
its
its They their
theirs We
ours
ours
第二篇:名词性从句
2007年高考试题单项选择语法分类汇编
十二.名词性从句
1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全国卷II]
A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which
2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]
A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where
3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]
A.when B.why C.whetherD.that
4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山东卷]
A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.nomatter who
5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
6.—Where’s that report?
—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]
A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor
7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]
A.howB.whatC.whichD.when
8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]
A.whyB.that
[2007 江苏卷]
A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陕西卷]
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As
you read.[2007 上海春]
A.that B.what C.which D.whether
12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]
A.whatB.whichC.howD.where
13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]
A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why
第三篇:名词性从句
名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。一.引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连接词:that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。二.名词性从句的分类如下
(一)主语从句
主语从句的句型.引导词有疑问词wh-及whether/if及that.1、主语从句在复合句作主语。疑问词引导e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
3、If/whether 引导e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.4.It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名词词组(no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that从句 e.g.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam/It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.5.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句
e.g.It’s said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引导主语从句时,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略,但that从句置于开头时不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.(二)表语从句
表语从句的句型及要点。引导词疑问词wh-及whether及that.1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。疑问词引导的: e.g.The question was who could go there.Note: 引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省去。
e.g.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.连接词that一般不能省略,但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时,that可以省略。如: What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他
(三)宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导词有疑问词wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有区别)及that.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.Note:以下情况that不可省略:(不考查)
1.当宾语从句的主语是that时。2.2.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时 Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不可以省略。
4当that偶尔作except和in的宾语时。This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.中,that it lacks a good index就是介词 in 的宾语从句,这当中的that就不能省略。
(四)同位语从句。引导词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句引导词有疑问词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名词性从句易混知识归纳
易混点一 :同位语从句与定语从句的区别
that引导的从句,是定语从句还是同位语从句,我们我们采用“试加 法”,来判断。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1.when、where、why引导的从句
引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关,与先行词的意义基本相同,没有疑问意义;但引导同位语从句时,其意义完全与疑问词相同,即when表示什么时候,where表示哪儿,引导两种从句时,都在从句中做状语。如: I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的when相当于“on the day”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义,因此是定语从句。
I have no idea when she will be back.when与idea毫无意义上的关联,其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点二:reason后面的名词性从句
reason做主语时,后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导,一般不用because或why,而用it,this或that做主语时,后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。
1.“The reason +连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是:理由是:。。。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It(或This、That)+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为:这就是。。。的原因(理由)That is the reason why he failed in the contest, 3.It(或This、That)+连系动词+the reason+because引导的表语从句。本句型意为:这是因为。。。;这是由于。。。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4.It(或This、That)+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为:这就是。。。的原因。
That was why he fell ill.易混点三:what、whatever、who、whoever等引导的名词性从句 我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anything that(无论什么)Whoever=anyone who(无论谁)
Whenever=any time=no matter when(无论何时)Wherever=any place=no matter where(无论何地)这都是泛指。而what、who、when、where则是特指。如: Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意:1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句,也可以引导状语从句,等于“no matter +疑问词”。而no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Eg:Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me..2whoever的宾格还是whoever,一般不用whomever。易混点 whether与if(不做考查)
二者都可以作“是否”讲,能引导名词性从句,都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换;
注意:在某些动词后(如:discuss)只能接whether,不能跟if。如: We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether,不用if。如:
The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主语从句是有It用作形式主语,if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3宾语从句中,如果whether后紧跟or not,不用换做if;若whether与or not分开使用,则可以换作if。如: I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.若宾语从句为否定结构,则多用if,而不用whether。如: I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.(炫耀)
5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时,只能用whether,而不用if。如:
I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.练习:名词性从句
1.Do you see _____ I mean? 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.4.Let me see _____I can repair the radio or not.5.Keep in mind _____ the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____ book I should read first? 7.He was criticized for _____ he had done.8.Would you kindly tell me _____ I can get to the Beijing Railway Station? 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____ she had seen in China.10.We took it for granted ___ they were not coming.11.I really don't know _____ I should do next.12.I'm afraid _____ the little girl will have to be operated on.13.She walked up to _____ I stood.14.Can you tell me _____ that gentleman is? 15.We'll give you _____ you need.16.They want us to know _____ they can do to help us.17.We must put _____ we have learned into practice.18.Did she say anything about _____ the work was to be done yesterday? 19.He was never satisfied with _____ she had achieved in her work.20.These photographs will show you _____ our village looks like.21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill for the dinner.22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.23.We wish we could have learned _____ you did when we were at high school.24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when I go there.25.From _____ 1 know of him I should say he is a good worker.26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.28._____ was said here must be kept secret.29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.30.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.31.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.32._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.33.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.34._____ you have done might do harm to other people.35._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.36._____ the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known to all.37._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.38.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.39.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off? 40._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said 41.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.42.They are just _____ I want to have.43.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.44.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.45.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.46.We heard the news _____ our team had won.47.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.48.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.高考真题 2011--2013年高考
1._______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.3.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.4.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.5.It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.6.Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.7.When the news came ____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.8.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____ the problem is.9.I’d like to start my own business—that’s _____ I’d do if I had the money.10.The villagers have already known ____ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.11.It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _____ we are to shake hands with.13.Our teachers always tell us to belive in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.14.There is clear evidence_____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret(表达)is bodily pain.2012年高考
1.We can not clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.2.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.3.I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.6.It doesn’t matter____ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.7.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____ he could find about Mark Twain.8.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.9._____ he had left keys in the office was known to us..10.Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.2013年高考
1.I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 2.____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.3.____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.4.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.6.______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.7.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.8.It’s good to know___ the dog will be well cared for while we’re away.9._____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.10.Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.名词性从句翻译练习
1.你不喜欢他与我无关 2.汤姆已经回来了这很清楚 3.纸是中国首先造出来的这是事实。4.你要的是两个苹果吗? 5.老师问我们是否知道王芳在那里。6.我叔叔说他很快就会回来 7.他说的话没有一句是真的。8.这取决于你是否想做这件事。9.我为什么迟到的原因是我在半路上遇到塞车了。10.她的头发变白了使她有点担心。11.他们就何时何地举行这次多国会议达成了一致意见。
12.你们的任务是在六点钟以前想尽一切办法找些吃的回来,否则,今晚我们就得挨饿。13.我对你们学英语的建议就是多读,多听,多写。14.我们必须面对这个事实即我们已经花光了所有的钱。
15.他要医院给他做出解释的要求是合理的 16.他问我买小提琴花了多少钱。17.你想象不到他们在收到这份精美的礼物时有多么激动。
18.问题是我们应该做什么来帮助他。19.你同意我们后天去旅行的计划吗?20.什么时候,怎样回家那是他自己的决定。21.哪一只球队会取胜还不一定。22.三天后,我们听到了这样的消息我国有发射一颗人造卫星。23.任何对此事视而不见的(ignore / fail to do)人将回铸成大错。
24.运动会这个星期或是下星期开都没有关系。25.我们现在做的以前从来没有做过。36.你能告诉我这本字典是属于谁的吗?
高中名词性从句讲解与练习
参考答案 名词性从句
1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA 26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC 51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA 高考题:2011:BDDCACCADCABDD 2012:DBCCB ADADD 2013: BCCCD CBDBD 1.That you don’t like her has nothing to do with me..2.It was very clear that Tom had returned 3.It is the fact that paper was first made in China 4 4.Are what you want two apples
第四篇:名词所有格
三 名词的所有格
英语中名词有三个格,作主语的主格,作宾语的宾格和表示所有关系的所有格。只有所有格有形式变化。名词的所有格有两种形式:一种是在名词后加 ’s表示“„的”,另一种是用 “名词+of+名词”构成。
3-1 有生命的名词的所有格
1.表示有生命的名词所有格一般在名词后加’s。例如:
the boy's bag 男孩的书包my father’s car 我父亲的车
2.以-s 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“’”。例如:
the workers' struggle 工人的斗争Teachers’Day 教师节
如果复数名词的词尾没有s,要在词尾加“’s”。例如:
men's suit 男士西装the Children’s Palace 少年宫,3.复合名词或名词词组的所有格是在最后一个词的词尾加 ’s。例如:
her sister-in-law’s photo 他嫂子的照片
a month or two’s work 一两个月的工作
4.以-s结尾的人名后可以只加“’”,也可以加“’s”。例如:
Dickens’novel 或 Dickens’s novel 狄更斯的小说
Burns’ poems 或 Burns’s poems 彭斯的诗
5.如果一个人或物是两人或多人共有时,只在最后一个名词的词尾加’s, 即 “A and B’s”; 如果表示两人或多人分别拥有的,要在每个名词的词尾都加’s, 即“A’s and B’s”。
例如:John's and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)
6.有些表示时间、地点、距离、国家、城镇、机构的无生命的名词后也可加’s表示所有格。例如:ten minutes’walk 十分钟的路程
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
the world’s population 世界人口
China’s industry 中国的工业
7.名词所有格后被修饰的名词的省略:
①上文已经提到该名词,为了避免重复,所有格修饰的名词常被省略。例如:
Her memory is like an elephant’s.她的记忆力真好。
My skirt is longer than my sister’s.我的裙子比我姐姐的长。
②在表示店铺或某人家以及教堂、学校、公司等公共场所时,所有格所修饰的名词常被省略。例如:
the butcher’s 肉店the baber’s 理发店
the gorcer’s 杂货店St.Paul’s 圣保罗大教堂
3-2名词+of+名词(of属格)
1.表示无生命的名词一般与of 构成词组,用来表示所有关系。例如:
the cover of the book 书的封皮the legs of the chair 椅子的腿
the door of the house 房间的门the name of the book 书名
2.有时有生命的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格,特别是当这个名词较长或有较长的定语时。例如:
the car of the man we met 我们遇到的那个人的车
the story of Martin Luther King, Jr.马丁·路德·金的故事
3-3双重所有格
两种所有格形式结合起来使用,即“名词+of+名词’s”或“of+名词性物主代词(如mine)”。就构成了双重所有格,其中of 前的名词前有不定冠词a或an, 不定代词any 或some 等,数词或指示代词this,that等修饰。例如:
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友
a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一部剧
*注意:of+名词(of 属格)与双重所有格所表示的意思是不同的。例如:
This is a photo of my father.这是一张我父亲本人的照片。(强调照片上的人是我父亲本人)
This is a photo of my father’s.这是一张我父亲的照片。(强调照片归我父亲所有,但照片上也许是他本人,也许是别人或其他事物。)
四 名词在句中的作用
名词在句中可以担任除谓语外的任何成分,名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和宾语补足语。例如: Knowledgy is strength.知识就是力量
主语表语 Have you invited the Browns?你邀请了布朗一家了吗?
宾语 We will have a new school library.我们将有一个新的图书馆。
定语
*注意:名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。例如:school education 学校教育。但也有例外,有的名词作定语要用复数形式。例如:clothes schop 服装店,sports shoes 运动鞋。The school sports were postponed till next Saturday.状语
学校运动会延至下星期六。This is Miss.Smith, our English teacher.同位语
这位是史密斯小姐,我们的英语老师。
五 典型正误辨析
1.【误】His mathematics is poor.【正】His mathematics are poor.他的数学水平很差。
【辨析】有些以-s结尾名词如学科名称、游戏名称等通常用作单数,谓语动词也用单数。如,Mathematics is very difficult.但如果该名词前有其他限定词修饰时,则谓语动词用复数。
2.【误】Bill, are you a good friend of his?Yes, I’m good friend with him.【正】Bill, are you a good friend of his?Yes, I’m good friends with him.比尔你是他的好朋友吗?是的,我是他的好朋友。
【辨析】大家比较熟悉这样的句型:
I’m a good friend of hers.我是她的一位好朋友。
He’s a good friend of mine.他是我的一位好朋友。
大家不理解第二句为什么用 good friends。因为此句主语明显是单数, 而后面的表语又怎么能用复数呢?按照英美人的看法:两个人交朋友, 关系是彼此的, 即你是我的朋友, 那我就是你的朋友, 所以他们在这类表达中用复数名词。又如:
Do you want to make friends with him? 你想跟他交朋友吗?
类似地, 以下各表达中, 也要用复数:
He stood up and shook hands with us.他站起来与我们握手。
You have to change trains at Wuhan.你必须在武汉转车。
The teacher didn’t let the two boys change seats.老师没有让这两个小男孩换座位。
3.【误】--Can I help you?Two cups of teas,please.【正】--Can I help you?Two teas/Two cups of tea,please.你要点什么? 请来两杯茶。
【辨析】茶是物质名词,不可数。但在口语中可以表示“一杯茶”, 是可数名词: Would you like a cup of tea? 要喝杯茶吗?
--What can I do for you? 你要吃点什么?
--Two teas, please.请来两杯茶。
但是值得注意的是, 虽然以上两种用法都可以, 但千万不要将这两种用法混杂在一起。如可以说 two teas, 也可以说two cups of tea, 但是不能说two cups of teas。具有类似用法还有 coffee(咖啡):
--Can I help you? 你要点什么?
--Two coffees, please.请来两杯咖啡。
4.【误】This is the success’ price.【正】This is the price of success.这就是成功的代价。
【辨析】当表示“东西的一部分”,“抽象的概念”或of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时,只能用of属格,不能用名词+’s的形式。例如:the standard of living 生活标准,the cover of the book 书的封皮。
5.【误】It is really beautiful.It is a work of nature.【正】It is really beautiful.It is a Nature's work.它真美。这是大自然的杰作。
【辨析】无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:today's newspaper今天的报纸, 表示长度的词: twentymiles' journey 二十英里的旅程,表示重量和价格名词:two dollars'worth价值两美元,拟人化的名词: nature'slesson大自然的教训,及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:the university's library学校的图书馆。
6.【误】There is a new car.It is Jone's and Mary's.【正】There is a new car.It is Jone and Mary's.这有辆新车,它是琼和玛丽的车。
【辩析】有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加's如:Mary's car玛丽的车。如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’。要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加's,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加's,如:This is Mary and Jone's home。即Mary与Jone是一家人,这是他们共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone 的家。
7.【误】I’d like a summer’s dress.【正】I’d like a summer dress.我想要一件夏装。
【辩析】名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,还可以作定语用来修饰另一个名词,表示材料、物质、用途和目的的名词都可用作形容词。例如:a cotton dress 一件棉布衣服,a gold watch 金表.8.【误】Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.【正】Please make room for the lady in the school bus.请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。
【辩析】英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,如: room为可数名词时为“房间”,而room为抽象名词时为空间。这样的词还有:glass 玻璃,glasses 眼镜;;time 时间,times 次数;wood 木头,woods 树林;sand沙子,而sands是沙滩。
9.【误】We are dining at the Green’s now.【正】We are dining at the Greens’ now.我们正在格林家吃饭。
【辩析】the Greens 表示格林一家人或格林家。表示店铺或某人家以及教堂、学校、公司等公共场所时,所有格所修饰的名词常被省略。
10.【误】He is the friend of your.【正】He is a friend of yours.他是你的一个朋友。
【辩析】本结构为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s。
★考点提示:在中考英语试题中,近年来对于名词的考查主要侧重于让考生根据给出语句的具体的语境去猜测空白处应填名词的单数还是复数。此外名词常见的考点还有可数名词和不可数名词的区别,谓语动词用单数还是复数;名词所有格的使用;名词前修饰语的使用。
第五篇:名词性从句教案
名词性从句包括:
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
• The question is who can complete the difficult task.• He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.• That she was able to come made us very happy.• He objected that it was impossible.一、主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语
That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主语从句中不作任何成分,但放在句首时不能省略。
2、问:怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢?
答:有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.试试看:新产品销售得好不好取决于它的质量和价格。
It作形式主语的几种结构:
1、It+ be +形容词+ that从句
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、It+ be +名词+ that从句
It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、It+动词+宾语+ that从句
It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、It+动词的被动结构+ that从句
It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式:
1、It turned out that...结果是„
2、It has been proved that...已经证明„
3、It is well-known that...众所周知„
4、It must be pointed out that...必须指出„
二、表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语
The reason is that you don’t trust her.This is where I disagree.例:The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied. reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用because 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why。
2、表语从句不能用if引导,但可用as if引导。例如: He looked as if he was going to cry.三、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,宾语从
句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。
She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】
① 有时要用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①
如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引
导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在句首。
What do you think is going on outside? ③
I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句
时,反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don’t suppose he cares,does he? ④ 在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一样,但介词后的宾语
从句多用whether。
It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 动词doubt如用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导,如用于否定句或疑问句,则宾语从句用that引导。
I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位语从句
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名词后面,用以说明该名词的具体内容。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
引导同位语从句的关联词用that时,不能省略,不能用which替代
1.引导词that与what的区别
what从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)what=all that/everything that that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2.引导词if和whether的区别
whether或if均可表示“是否”的情况如下:
引导宾语从句。例如:
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not. 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况:
在表语从句中。例如:
The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 在同位语从句中。例如:
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.Answer my question whether you are coming. 在主语从句中。例如:
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.如果用it作形式主语,则whether和if都能引导主语从句。
例如:It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting. 用于句型“名词+as to + whether”中。例如:
There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident. 后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如:
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 后面紧接or not时。例如:
We didn't know whether or not she was ready. 用if会引起歧义时。例如:
Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思 “请告诉我你是否喜欢”或 “如果你喜欢,请告 诉我”用了 whether就可以避免歧义。3.引导词who与whoever的区别
whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who或those who,它
既是从句的主语,又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语,它
引导的从句才是主句的主语。
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to me.4.引导词what与whatever的区别
whatever引导名词性从句时,与what差不多,只是语气上更强
些,有“任何一切„„”之意。
This is exactly what I want. It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句本身完整,定语从句不完整,因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.从结构看,同位语从句常由连接词that引导,虽在从句中不充 当任何成分,但不可省略。而定语从句中由关系代词引导,代替先行 词,并在从句中充当成分(主语或宾语),充当宾语时常可省略。6.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
将 “it is/was„that„”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是强调句,否则是that引导的主语从句 如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.7.whoever与no matter who;whatever与no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语
从句;no matter who和no matter what只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(=No matter what)you may think,I’m going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名词性从句中的语气
(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...+that从句中,从句中的谓语动词用“should+原形动词”表虚拟语气,且should 可省略。
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.(2)表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词,后接that从句时,从句
中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should+原形动词”,且should 可省略。
Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气:“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
这类名词有:advice,agreement,command,decision,demand, determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement等。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同样,如主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,那么that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。
Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.