第一篇：盖茨在哈佛的演讲（大全）
Speech given by Microsoft chairman Bill Gates at Harvard University on June 7, 2007 President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.” I want to thank Harvard for this timely honour.I'll be changing my job next year...and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard's most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class...I did the best of everyone who failed.But I also want to be recognised as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I'm a bad influence.That's why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning.That's how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn't guarantee success.One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world's first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.I worried that they would realise I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: “We're not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilegethe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics.I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveriesreducing inequity is the highest human achievement.I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country.And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries.It took me decades to find out.You graduates came to Harvard at a different time.You know more about the world's inequities than the classes that came before.In your years here, I hope you've had a chance to think about howwe can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a causenone of them in the United States.We were shocked.We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them.But it did not.For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not.We said to ourselves: “This can't be true.But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.” So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it.We asked: “How could the world let these children die?” The answer is simple, and harsh.The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidise it.So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system.But you and I have both.We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalismbecause people just...don't...care.“ I completely disagree.I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothingand millions of people dying is nothing new.So it stays in the background, where it's easier to ignore.But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult to keep our eyes on the problem.It's hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don't know how to help.And so we look away.If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks ”How can I help?," then we can get actionand that makes it hard for their caring to matter.Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already haveand the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behaviour.Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.This is the pattern.The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and workingwhich is to surrender to complexity and quit.The final stepis to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.You have to have the statistics, of course.You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases.This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers;you have to convey the human impact of the workthen multiply that by millions....Yet this was the most boring panel I've ever been onbut why can't we generate even more excitement for saving lives? You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.And how you do thatthey can help us make the most of our caringbiotechnology, the computer, the Internetand that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don't.That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion--smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organisation, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.What for? There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? Let me make a request of the deans and the professorsyou will answer with your policies.My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted herein talent, privilege, and opportunitya complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don't have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.Don't let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.Knowing what you know, how could you not? And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world's deepest inequities...on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.Good luck.goooder(2007-7-05 18:59:29)Dir Mr.Yan, Thank you very much for sharing this article for us.I would not be able to know Bill Gates has been graduated from Harvard if you did not post this.goooder(2007-7-05 19:00:24)比尔盖茨哈佛大学毕业演讲(转帖)2007-06-14 http://cn.bbs.yahoo.com/message/read_overseas_483191.html 过去30年里，我一直在等待著说这样一句话，“父亲，我一直对您说我将拿到自己的学位。”。
我要感谢哈佛及时地授予我学位。我明年要换工作(注：指全力投入比尔及梅琳达基金会的慈善工作)，有了学位我的简历看起来会更好一些。
祝贺今天的哈佛毕业生都直接获得了学位。哈佛校报称我为“哈佛历史上最成功的辍学生”，这让我感到非常高兴。当我面对同一届毕业生时，我可以对他们说，“是失败者中最为成功的。”
众所周知，当初史蒂夫 鲍尔默(Steve Ballmer)从哈佛商学院退学，我是作俑者。我并不是一个好榜样，这也是我受邀在你们的毕业典礼上发表演讲的原因。如果你们都像我一样辍学，那今天就没有人会坐在这里。
对我来说，在哈佛的经历是一段难忘的体验。校园生活总是让人留恋，我曾经上了很多根本没有注册的课。当然，宿舍的生活并不太美好。当时我住在拉德克里夫学院，同一宿舍的很多人经常讨论问题到深夜，因为他们都知道我并不担心早上起不来床。正是在这样的环境下，我成长为反社会集团的领导者。
拉德克里夫是一个适合生活的地方。那时候这里有很多女孩子，而且大多数男生都属于较为死板的类型，因此我的机会很多，你们都知道我的意思。不过，正是在这里，我明白了拥有机会并不一定能获得成功的道理。(笑)
微软的起步
在哈佛的日子里，最令我难忘的一天是在1975年1月。当时我给Albuquerque的一家公司打了电话，这家公司已经开始生产全世界首批个人计算机，我希望向它们销售软件。最开始我忐忑不安，因为担心这家公司会因为我是学生而挂断电话。但幸运的是，它们没有这样做，而是对我说，“我们还没有准备好，一个月内来我们公司看看吧。”这对我来说是一个好消息，因为我们当时还没有完成软件开发。从那一刻起，我夜以继日地工作。这一项目虽然价值不大，但它标志著我大学生活的结束，以及微软的起步。
哈佛给我留下印象最深的是所有人都活力十足，而且非常聪明。在哈佛的日子有快乐，也有失落，但总是充满挑战。尽管我很早离开了哈佛，但那几年已经足以改变我。在这里，我结识了很多朋友，并想出了很多创意。
最大遗憾
认真回顾过去，我确实有著一大遗憾。
当我离开哈佛时，我并没有意识到这个世界存在著可怕的不平等现象。人们享受的医疗、保健和机会严重不均，很多人生活在绝望的边缘。
我在哈佛学到了很多东西，包括经济和政治方面的新思想，但体会最深的还是科学的不断进步。
可是，人类的最大进步并不体现在发现和发明上，而是如何利用它们来消除不平等。不管通过何种方式，民主、公共教育、医疗保健、或者是经济合作，消除不平等才是人类的最大成就。
当我离开校园时，并不知道美国有数百万的青少年享受不到受教育的机会，我也不知道在发展中国家有数百万人生活在极度的贫困之中。
我用了数十年的时间才明白了这些。
你们和我完全不同，你们更了解这个世界上存在的不平等。我希望你们过去几年都曾经认真想过，应当如何应对这样的不平等，以及如何解决这些问题。
假如，如果你愿意付出每周几小时时间和每月几美元，希望这些时间和钱能拯救更多的人，改善更多人的生活。那么，你会将时间和钱花在哪里呢？
对于梅琳达(注：盖茨之妻)和我来说，也存在著同样的问题：应该怎样做，才能让我们拥有的资源给最多的人带来好处呢？
在讨论这一问题的过程中，梅琳达和我看到一篇关于疾病每年在发展中国家杀死数百万儿童的新闻。这些疾病包括麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、B型肝炎和黄热病，它们在美国已经受到严密的控制。此外，一种我们从未听说的疾病──轮状病毒每年要杀死50万儿童，但其中没有一名美国儿童。
我们感到非常震惊。既然每年有如此多的儿童因为这些疾病而死，那么就应当将研发新药、拯救生命放在首位，但事实并非如此。
人人生而平等
如果你们相信“人人生而平等”，当了解到人们认为有些生命值得拯救，而有些生命不值得时，也会感到震惊。我们会对自己说：“这并不是真的。但是，如果它是真的，我们就应当努力改变这种情况。”
因此，我们开始了这样的工作，我们相信别人也会这样做。有时我们会感到不解：这个世界为什么会允许那么多的孩子死亡呢？
答案很简单，也很残酷。拯救这些孩子的生命并不会带来市场回报，政府也没有为此提供补贴。这些孩子之所以会死亡，主要因为他们的父母没有强大的市场力量，甚至没有话语权。
但是我和你们都有。
我们今天坐在这里，就在这一时间，世界各地仍在上演著人间惨剧。这让我们感到心碎，我们之所以没有采取任何行动，并不是我们没有同情心，而是因为我们不知道如何去做。
我们面临的障碍并不是缺乏同情心，实际情况要复杂的多。
要将同情心转化为行动，我们需要看到问题，找到解决方案，并了解最终结果。但实际情况是，我们很难做到这三点。
即使有了互联网和24小时新闻播报，我们仍然很难真正地了解问题。如果一架飞机坠毁，官方会立即举办新闻发布会。他们将会承诺展开调查，确定事故原因，并保证今后不会出现同样的情况。
但实际情况却是，飞机失事死亡人数还不足全世界每天因可避免原因死亡人数的0.5%。
更严重的问题并不是飞机失事，而是全球数以百万计的可避免死亡。
事实上，我们很难获得同后者相关的消息。新闻媒体希望获得新消息，而数以百万计的人因贫穷和疾病死亡并不是新消息。因此，这样的消息很难出现在媒体报道中，从而更容易被人们所忽略。另一方面，即使我们看到这样的报道，也不太情愿仔细阅读。因为情况过于复杂，我们不知道如何提供帮助。在这种情况下，我们大多数情况会将视线转向其它方向。
看到问题只是第一步，我们要做的下一步是降低问题的复杂度，并找到解决方案。
如果我们想让自己的同情心发挥作用，找到解决方案非常必要。因为只有这样，我们才能确保同情心没有被浪费。当然，由于大部分问题都很复杂，要找到解决方案并不容易。
那么，我们又应当如何降低复杂度，找到解决方案呢？我认为可以分为四个阶段：确定一个目标、发现最有效的方式、为这种方式找到理想的技术、以及开发最优秀的应用，例如用于治病的药品。
我们要做的最后一步就是衡量工作的成果，并与他人共享我们的成功与失败。
第二篇：盖茨哈佛演讲译文
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:
校长博克，前任校长鲁登斯坦，接任校长福斯特，校董事会的各位董事，校务监督委员会的各位委员，各位老师，各位家长，特别是，诸位毕业生：
I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.”
我一直等了三十多年，现在终于可以说了：“爸，我老跟你说，我会回来拿到我的学位的！”
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I’ll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.感谢哈佛及时地给我这个荣誉。明年，我就要换工作（译者注：从微软公司退休）„„我终于可以在简历上写我有一个大学学历，这真是不错啊。
I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard’s most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.我为在座的各位毕业生而鼓掌，你们拿到学位可比我轻松多了。而我，之所以高兴，是因为哈佛的校报称我是“哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类特殊的学生在此致辞——在所有的失败者中，我做得最好。
But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I’m a bad influence.That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.同时，我也想让大家也知道，我就是那个让史蒂夫
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do.If we had known how to help, we would have acted.此刻身处校园的我们，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，痛彻心扉，但是我们什么也没做——并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道要如何应对，我们将立即行动。
The barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.需要我们去消除的屏障，并非人类的冷漠无情，而是世界的纷繁复杂。
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.But complexity blocks all three steps.要把关心转为行动，我们需要发现问题，找到方法，评估后果。但是纷繁复杂的世界阻挡了我们的脚步，以上的三个步骤不能得以实施。
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems.When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference.They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.即使有了互联网的出现和全天候的新闻播报，要让人们发现问题的真实面貌，仍然是相当艰巨。如果有一架飞机坠毁，政府官员就会立刻召开新闻发布会，他们承诺进行调查，找到原因，防止将来再次发生类似的事故。
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: “Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane.We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.”
但是如果那些官员敢于说真话，他们就会说：“在今天，全世界死于可避免事故中的所有人，只有0.5%的人在这次飞机事故中罹难。我们决心尽一切努力，彻底调查这0.5%的死亡原因。”
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可避免的死亡事件。
We don’t read much about these deaths.The media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new.So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore.But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem.It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help.And so we look away.对这些死亡事件，我们知之甚少。媒体总是报告新闻，但是几百万人将要死去并非新闻。新闻是在事件的幕后，这很容易被忽视。即使我们确实目睹了事件的真相或者看到了相关报道，我们也很难持续去关注这些事件。问题是如此之复杂，我们也束手无策，要直面这样的灾难就显得相当困难，所以我们就对此视而不见，置若罔闻。
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.就算我们真正能发现问题，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是，从这个复杂的世界中走出一条捷径，找到解决问题的办法。
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “How can I help?,” then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决问题的方法。一旦我们有一个明确可行的方案，那么无论何时，当任何组织和个人来询问“我该怎么提供帮助”的时候，我们就能采取行动。这样，我们就充分发挥全世界人类对他人的关爱之情。但是，纷繁的世界使得我们很难找出一条适合每一位善者的行动方针，这样一来，人类对他人的关爱往往很难奏效。
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.要从这个复杂的世界中走出一条捷径，找到解决问题的办法，可以分为以下四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法，发现适用于这个方法的最理想的技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术——不管这项技术是复杂如药物，还是简单如蚊帐。
The AIDS epidemic offers an example.The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.The highest-leverage approach is prevention.The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.艾滋病就是一个例子。其总目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司和基金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样的研究工作很可能需要十几年，因此，与此同时，我们必须利用现有的技术——目前最有效的预防方法，就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.This is the pattern.The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to complexity and quit.要实现让人们避免危险行为这一目标，上述四步依然适用，可以再次循环。这是一种模式。关键问题是，我们永远不要停止思考，永远不能停止行动，永远不能重蹈覆辙，犯下20世纪在应对疟疾和肺结核时的同样错误，那时我们臣服于这个复杂的社会，从而放弃了采取行动。
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.在发现问题并且找到解决方法之后，就剩下最后一步——评估工作结果，分享成败经验，这样就可以让你的努力去惠及他人。
You have to have the statistics, of course.You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases.This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目正为几百万儿童接种疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，这种患病儿童的死亡人数下降了多少。这些都关键，不仅有利于改善项目效果，而且也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的资助。
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.但是，如果你还想激励其他人参加你的项目，你就必须拿出更多的统计数字；你必须展示你项目的人性因素，这样就会让其他人感受到，拯救一个生命，对那些身处困境中的家庭到底意味着什么。
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives.Millions!Think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions.… Yet this was the most boring panel I’ve ever been on – ever.So boring even I couldn’t bear it.几年前，我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题会议，会议的内容是讨论如何挽救几百万条生命。天哪，是几百万！想想吧，拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动，现在要把这种激动放大几百万倍„„但是，不幸的是，这是我参加过的最最乏味的会议，乏味到我不想再听下去。
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement.I love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for saving lives?
那次经历之所以让我难忘，是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本，当时有些人激动得又蹦又叫。我喜欢人们因为软件而激动，那么我们为什么不能够让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢？
You can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.And how you do that – is a complex question.除非你能够让人们看到并且感受到行动的影响力，否则你无法让他们激动。如何做到这一点，并非易事。
Still, I’m optimistic.Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever.They are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that’s why the future can be different from the past.对此，我依然乐观。没错，不平等现象一直存在，但是有一些新技术，能够带领我们走出世界的纷扰。这些新技术才刚刚出现，它可以帮助我们，将人类的关爱发挥到极至，这就是未来之所以有别于过去的原因所在。
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the Internet – give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.当今世界，技术革新，不断涌现——生物技术，计算机，互联网——给我们展示出前所未有的机会，以消除赤贫，根除一些疾病导致的无谓的死亡。
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe.He said: “I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation.It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation.”
六十年前，乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上，宣布了一项计划，帮助欧洲国家的战后建设。他说：“我认为，困难在于这个问题太复杂，报纸和电台源源不断地向公众提供各种事实，使得大街上的百姓难于清晰地判断形势。事实上，经过层层传播，想要真正地把握形势，是根本不可能的。”
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年，我那一届学生毕业，当然我不在其中。那时，新技术刚刚开始萌芽，它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更透明、距离更近。
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.低成本个人电脑的出现，使得强大的互联网有机会诞生，它为学习和交流提供了全新的机会。
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.网络的神奇之处，不仅仅在于它跨越了距离，使得天涯犹若比邻。它还汇聚了英才，为共同理想而一起奋斗——这就能促进革新，以惊人的速度发展。
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don’t.That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion--smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don’t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.与此同时，世界上有条件上网的人，只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着，还有许多具有创造性的人才不能参与讨论——那些具有实践经验和相关经历的杰出人才，却没有办法磨砺他们的才智，发挥他们思想。
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.我们需要尽力让更多的人有机会掌握这一新技术，因为这些进步会引发一场革命，人类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术不仅仅能够让政府，还能够让大学、公司、小机构、甚至个人发现问题、找到解决办法、评估他们努力的结果，从而去解决那些马歇尔早在六十年前就谈到过的所有问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.在座的所有哈佛人，你们都是全世界的精英，今天汇集在此。
What for?
我们为什么而来？
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
毫无疑问，哈佛的师生、哈佛的校友和哈佛的资助者已经尽力改善了在座各位的的生活，也改善了世界各地人们的生活。但是，我们还能够再做什么呢？哈佛人能够将他们的才智奉献出来吗？哈佛人能够改善那些甚至没有闻“哈佛”之名的人们的生活吗？
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
各位院长，各位教授，你们是哈佛知识分子的领袖，请允许我提出一个请求——当你们雇用新任教师、授予终身教职、评估全部课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候，请问你们自己如下的问题：
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决最困难的问题？
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world’s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevalence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of school … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
哈佛是否鼓励其教师去解决世界上最严重的不平等问题？哈佛的学生是否了解全球性的贫困？是否了解世界性的饥荒？是否了解水资源的缺乏？是否了解辍学的女童？是否了解那些死于非恶性疾病的儿童？
Should the world’s most privileged people learn about the lives of the world’s least privileged?
那些养尊处优的人们，你们是否了解那些含辛茹苦的人民？
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.我并不是在设问，请用你行动的方针来做答。
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stopped pressing me to do more for others.A few days before my wedding, she hosted a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had written to Melinda.My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter she said: “From those to whom much is given, much is expected.”
在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天，我母亲倍感自豪，但她一直敦促我，要为他人谋取更多的福祉。在我结婚典礼的前几天，她特意主持了一个仪式。在这个仪式上，她高声朗读了一封信，是写给梅林达的，关于婚姻方面的问题。那时，我母亲已经因癌症而病入膏肓，但她还是抓住了一线机会，传播她的信念。在信的结尾，她写道：“天赋于斯，大任在肩，得到越多，期望更大。”
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in talent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect from us.在座各位，请想一想吧，你们得到了什么——天才、特权、机遇——既如此，全世界的人都在期望，期望我们做出无穷无尽的贡献。
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don’t have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.同这个时代的期望一样，我也要勉励各位毕业生去解决一个问题，一个复杂的问题，那就是去解决这种明显的社会不平等问题，然后把自己变成这方面的专家。如果你们能够以此作为你职业的目标，你将脱颖而出。但是，你不可以仅仅为扩大影响而为。你可以一周花几个小时，从日益壮大的互联网上获得信息，找到志同道合的朋友，发现困难之所在，找到解决困难的捷径。
Don’t let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.不要让这个复杂的世界阻碍了你前进的脚步。做一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为己任，它将成就你生命历程中的最辉煌。
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.诸位毕业生，你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候，你们拥有了我们那时未曾拥有的技术，你们认识到了我们那时未曾认识的社会不平等现象。既然认识到了这个问题，如果你弃之不管，你可能就会受到良心的谴责，因为一点小小的努力，你就可以改变那些人的生活。既然你们比我们拥有更大的能力，你们就应该争朝夕，谋长远，持之以恒地做下去。
Knowing what you know, how could you not?
既知之，怎能无动于衷？
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world’s deepest inequities … on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.我希望，30年后，你们再到哈佛，回想你们用青春和才智换来的一切。我希望各位，在那个时候，你们不仅仅用自己专业成就来衡量自己；还要用你们如何为消除社会的不平等的努力来衡量自己；还要用你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水的世人来衡量自己；他们与你们，或许无一点相似，但他们都是人类。
Good luck.祝福好运。
第三篇：盖茨在清华大学演讲全文
盖茨在清华大学演讲全文
http://www.xiexiebang.com 2007年04月19日 12:58 新浪科技
4月19日，微软公司董事长比尔·盖茨开始第二天的访华行程。盖茨当日上午在清华大学发表主题为《未来之路：在中国共同创新》的演讲，并接受清华大学颁发的名誉博士学位证书。以下为演讲全文：
尊敬的顾校长，清华大学的老师、同学们：
获得清华大学这所世界一流大学的名誉博士学位，让我感到非常荣幸。清华是一所有着百年历史的名校，这里诞生了很多杰出的科学家、商业和政治领袖。
我上一次访问清华是在1997年。当时，中国学生的才华、热情和创造性给我留下了很深的印象。之后，我决定在中国设立微软亚洲研究院。在沈向洋博士的领导下，在清华等大学优秀毕业生的协助下，微软亚洲研究院取得了成功，为微软公司作出了巨大贡献。在各种国际会议上都可以见到他们的身影。他们也为微软的新产品如Windows Vista的诞生，付出了辛勤的努力。在计算机科学迅速发展的今
天，身为清华的学生是件激动人心的事。
我们才刚刚开始接触到软件魔法带来的奇妙体验。全世界有十亿计算机用户，他们才刚刚开始分享信息。随着
半导体、光纤技术的发展，软件可以做更多的事情：
今天的电视还是被动的，在未来，你可以从因特网下载节目，电视将能和人交
流、互动；
昨天我参观了中国农科院稻米研究所，看到那里的技术人员开始用软件来区分不同的稻米，为其排序，以后还可以通过软件的分析计算，用较少的农药培育出高
产量的优良品种；
医学界已经开始用软件来管理数据库；
今天的手机已经成为我们的“数字钱包”，可以显示地图，上网查找信息，未
来它还将可以和人交流；
平板电脑的出现，使得在教室可以无线上网，用电脑录音、识别手写的文字。这样，学生无需课本就能实现更有效的学习，老师也可以看到世界各地的优秀教案。
当然，软件的未来还面临很多挑战，比如：如何使得用户更容易掌握？如何实现人工智能？但不管怎样，就计算机科学而言，我们所处的都是最激动人心的时
代。
中国正在快速发展，对世界经济、科技创新正在做出越来越大的贡献。微软公司愿意帮助中国公司的成长，帮助所有的中国公民享受到计算机科学进步所带来的成果：
微软已经开展项目，帮助中国的进城务工人员、残疾人尤其是盲人享受科技成果；
微软已经捐资设立了五所希望小学和五所网上希望小学；
微软也同中国政府及大学合作，设立了很多学术交流项目，鼓励优秀外国专家
来华讲学；
有来自39所亚太地区大学的超过2000名学生曾在微软亚洲研究院实习，并有120人获得了研究资助，其中清华所占学生人数最多；
本学年，微软亚洲研究院的研究人员将在清华开设一门课程：“计算机研究的热门领域”。
我还想借此机会宣布，微软公司将在清华设立“杰出访问学者”项目。在该项目下，微软亚洲研究院每年将邀请一位世界知名的计算机专家到姚期智教授领导的理论计算机科学研究所讲学。第一位获邀来访的是美国麻省理工大学的弗朗斯·凯
斯霍德教授。
总之，我今天非常高兴来到贵校，并在接受我的母校
哈佛大学颁给我名誉博士学位之前就成为清华的名誉博士。
刚才，我和大家分享了软件领域在未来可能出现的一些突破，以及它们会给企业带来的机会、为残疾人和学生提供的帮助。我希望大家都能像我一样乐观：只要
可以上网，就能获得平等的受教育机会。
微软公司对于中国市场的专注是长期的。我们对于以学术严谨闻名的
清华大学有着很高的期望。让我们携手努力，共创信息技术未来的辉煌！
谢谢大家。
第四篇：比尔盖茨哈佛演讲 全文
比尔盖茨哈佛演讲 全文
Remarks of Bill Gates Harvard Commencement June 7, 2007
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:
I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: ―Dad, I always told you
I’d come back and get my degree.‖ I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor.I’ll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees.For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me ―Harvard’s most successful dropout.‖ I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school.I’m a bad influence.That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation.If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be
here today.Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me.Academic life was fascinating.I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn’t even signed up for.And dorm life was terrific.I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House.There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn’t worry about getting up in the morning.That’s how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group.We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean.This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn’t guarantee success.One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world’s first personal computers.I offered to sell them software.I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me.Instead they said: ―We’re not quite ready, come see usin a month,‖ which was a good thing, because we hadn’t written the software yet.From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey
with Microsoft.What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging.It was an amazing privilege – and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I
made, and the ideas I worked on.But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
millions of people to lives of despair.I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics.I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.But humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.Whether through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity –
reducing inequity is the highest human achievement.I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country.And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing
countries.It took me decades to find out.You graduates came to Harvard at a different time.You know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came before.In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives.Where would you spend it?
For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country.Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever.One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in
the United States.We were shocked.We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them.But it did not.For under a
dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being
delivered.If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not.We said to ourselves: ―This can’t be true.But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.‖
So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it.We asked: ―How could the world let these children die?‖
The answer is simple, and harsh.The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it.So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and
no voice in the system.But you and I have both.We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop amore creative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities.We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the
people who pay the taxes.If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world.This task is open-ended.It can never be finished.But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change
the world.I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope.They say: ―Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just …don’t … care.‖ I completely
disagree.I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do.If we had known how to help, we
would have acted.The barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact.But complexity blocks all three steps.Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems.When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference.They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: ―Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane.We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.‖
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable
deaths.We don’t read much about these deaths.The media covers what’s new –and millions of people dying is nothing new.So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore.But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem.It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help.And so
we look away.If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring.If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks ―How can I help?,‖ then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted.But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring
to matter.Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bed net.The AIDS epidemic offers an example.The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease.The highest-leverage approach is prevention.The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose.So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research.But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again.This is the pattern.The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century– which is to surrender to
complexity and quit.The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so
that others learn from your efforts.You have to have the statistics, of course.You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children.You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases.This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers;you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives.Millions!Think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions.… Yet this was the most boring panel I’ve ever been on – ever.So boring even I couldn’t
bear it.What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement.I love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for
saving lives?
You can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.And how you do that – is a complex question.Still, I’m optimistic.Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever.They are new – they can help us make the most of our caring –and that’s why the
future can be different from the past.The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the Internet – give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe.He said: ―I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation.It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real
significance of the situation.‖ Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor.It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don’t.That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion--smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don’t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute
their ideas to the world.We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall
spoke of 60 years ago.Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world.What for?
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world.But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world’s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevalence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water…the girls kept out of school … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
Should the world’s most privileged people learn about the lives of the
world’s least privileged? These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here –never stopped pressing me to do more for others.A few days before my wedding, she hosted a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had written to Melinda.My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter she said: ―From those to whom much is given, much is expected.‖ When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given –in talent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world has
a right to expect from us.In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don’t have to do that to make an impact.For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut
through them.Don’t let complexity stop you.Be activists.Take on the big inequities.It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had.You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have.And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort.You have more than we had;you must start sooner, and carry on longer.Knowing what you know, how could you not?
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy.I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world’s deepest inequities … on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but
their humanity.Good luck.过去30年里，我一直在等待着说这样一句话，―父亲，我一直对您说我将拿
到自己的学位。‖。
我要感谢哈佛及时地授予我学位。我明年要换工作(注：指全力投入比尔及梅琳达基金会的慈善工作)，有了学位我的简历看起来会更好一些。
祝贺今天的哈佛毕业生都直接获得了学位。哈佛校报称我为―哈佛历史上最成功的辍学生‖，这让我感到非常高兴。当我面对同一届毕业生时，我可以对他们说，―我是失败者中最为成功的。‖
众所周知，当初史蒂夫·鲍尔默(Steve Ballmer)从哈佛商学院退学，我是始作俑者。我并不是一个好榜样，这也是我受邀在你们的毕业典礼上发表演讲的原因。如果你们都像我一样辍学，那今天就没有人会坐在这里。
对我来说，在哈佛的经历是一段难忘的体验。校园生活总是让人留恋，我曾经上了很多根本没有注册的课。当然，宿舍的生活并不太美好。当时我住在拉德克里夫学院，同一宿舍的很多人经常讨论问题到深夜，因为他们都知道我并不担心早上起不来床。正是在这样的环境下，我成长为反社会集团的领导者。
拉德克里夫是一个适合生活的地方。那时候这里有很多女孩子，而且大多数男生都属于较为死板的类型，因此我的机会很多，你们都知道我的意思。不过，正是在这里，我明白了拥有机会并不一定能获得成功的道理。(笑)
微软的起步
在哈佛的日子里，最令我难忘的一天是在1975年1月。当时我给Albuquerque的一家公司打了电话，这家公司已经开始生产全世界首批个人计算
机，我希望向它们销售软件。
最开始我忐忑不安，因为担心这家公司会因为我是学生而挂断电话。但幸运的是，它们没有这样做，而是对我说，―我们还没有准备好，一个月内来我们公司看看吧。‖这对我来说是一个好消息，因为我们当时还没有完成软件开发。从那一刻起，我夜以继日地工作。这一项目虽然价值不大，但它标志着我大学生
活的结束，以及微软的起步。
哈佛给我留下印象最深的是所有人都活力十足，而且非常聪明。在哈佛的日子有快乐，也有失落，但总是充满挑战。尽管我很早离开了哈佛，但那几年已经足以改变我。在这里，我结识了很多朋友，并想出了很多创意。
最大遗憾
认真回顾过去，我确实有着一大遗憾。
当我离开哈佛时，我并没有意识到这个世界存在着可怕的不平等现象。人们享受的医疗、保健和机会严重不均，很多人生活在绝望的边缘。
我在哈佛学到了很多东西，包括经济和政治方面的新思想，但体会最深的还是科学的不断进步。
可是，人类的最大进步并不体现在发现和发明上，而是如何利用它们来消除不平等。不管通过何种方式，民主、公共教育、医疗保健、或者是经济合作，消除不平等才是人类的最大成就。
当我离开校园时，并不知道美国有数百万的青少年享受不到受教育的机会，我也不知道在发展中国家有数百万人生活在极度的贫困之中。
我用了数十年的时间才明白了这些。
你们和我完全不同，你们更了解这个世界上存在的不平等。我希望你们过去几年都曾经认真想过，应当如何应对这样的不平等，以及如何解决这些问题。
假如，如果你愿意付出每周几小时时间和每月几美元，希望这些时间和钱能拯救更多的人，改善更多人的生活。那么，你会将时间和钱花在哪里呢？
对于梅琳达(注：盖茨之妻)和我来说，也存在着同样的问题：应该怎样做，才能让我们拥有的资源给最多的人带来好处呢？
在讨论这一问题的过程中，梅琳达和我看到一篇关于疾病每年在发展中国家杀死数百万儿童的新闻。这些疾病包括麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、B型肝炎和黄热病，它们在美国已经受到严密的控制。此外，一种我们从未听说的疾病——轮状病毒每年要杀死50万儿童，但其中没有一名美国儿童。
我们感到非常震惊。既然每年有如此多的儿童因为这些疾病而死，那么就应当将研发新药、拯救生命放在首位，但事实并非如此。
人人生而平等
如果你们相信―人人生而平等‖，当了解到人们认为有些生命值得拯救，而有些生命不值得时，也会感到震惊。我们会对自己说：―这并不是真的。但是，如果它是真的，我们就应当努力改变这种情况。‖
因此，我们开始了这样的工作，我们相信别人也会这样做。有时我们会感到不解：这个世界为什么会允许那么多的孩子死亡呢？
答案很简单，也很残酷。拯救这些孩子的生命并不会带来市场回报，政府也没有为此提供补贴。这些孩子之所以会死亡，主要因为他们的父母没有强大的市场力量，甚至没有话语权。
但是我和你们都有。
我们今天坐在这里，就在这一时间，世界各地仍在上演着人间惨剧。这让我们感到心碎，我们之所以没有采取任何行动，并不是我们没有同情心，而是
因为我们不知道如何去做。
我们面临的障碍并不是缺乏同情心，实际情况要复杂的多。
要将同情心转化为行动，我们需要看到问题，找到解决方案，并了解最终结果。但实际情况是，我们很难做到这三点。
即使有了互联网和24小时新闻播报，我们仍然很难真正地了解问题。如果一架飞机坠毁，官方会立即举办新闻发布会。他们将会承诺展开调查，确定事故原因，并保证今后不会出现同样的情况。
但实际情况却是，飞机失事死亡人数还不足全世界每天因可避免原因死
亡人数的0.5%。
更严重的问题并不是飞机失事，而是全球数以百万计的可避免死亡。
事实上，我们很难获得同后者相关的消息。新闻媒体希望获得新消息，而数以百万计的人因贫穷和疾病死亡并不是新消息。因此，这样的消息很难出现在媒体报道中，从而更容易被人们所忽略。另一方面，即使我们看到这样的报道，也不太情愿仔细阅读。因为情况过于复杂，我们不知道如何提供帮助。在这种情况下，我们大多数情况会将视线转向其它方向。
看到问题只是第一步，我们要做的下一步是降低问题的复杂度，并找到
解决方案。
如果我们想让自己的同情心发挥作用，找到解决方案非常必要。因为只有这样，我们才能确保同情心没有被浪费。当然，由于大部分问题都很复杂，要
找到解决方案并不容易。
那么，我们又应当如何降低复杂度，找到解决方案呢？我认为可以分为四个阶段：确定一个目标、发现最有效的方式、为这种方式找到理想的技术、以及开发最优秀的应用，例如用于治病的药品。
我们要做的最后一步就是衡量工作的成果，并与他人共享我们的成功与失
败。
第五篇：2014哈佛毕业典礼演讲
感谢凯蒂，感谢佛斯特校长、哈佛大学部成员、监事会、还有迎接我回校园的所有教职员工、校友和学生！能来到这里我很激动，不仅是因为我能在哈佛大学每363届毕业典礼上对优秀毕业生和校友讲话，更因为我能站在欧普拉去年曾站的相同地方！omg！
下面开始进行我们的首要任务，为2014届毕业生热烈鼓掌，这是他们赢得的。
毕业生都很兴奋，但这几周同时肯定也让他们有些精疲力竭。家长们，我指的不是期末考试，而是四年级运动会，最后一次舞会以及午夜巡游。总之，今年的校园很让人激动。
哈佛橄榄球队连续第七次击败耶鲁，男子篮球队连续两年进入到了ncaa赛事第二轮，还有男子壁球队获得全国冠军。谁会想哈佛竟然有这么强大的运动能力。不久，就会有人问，你们什么时候学术能力能够超过体育能力？
我个人同哈佛的联系开始于1964年，我从约翰霍普金斯大学毕业，被录取到这里的商学院，你们感谢在想、或是正在同旁边的人窃窃私语说：他怎么就进了哈佛的商学院，毕竟他的学术成绩这么出色，总能成为班上排名位于前半部分的学生，我不知道，比我自己更惊讶的可能就演唱会有我的教授了。无论如何，今天我又回到了剑桥。
我注意到，这里同我当学生时有些变化，广场附近我原来很喜欢的elise三文治餐厅现在成了一家墨西哥卷饼店，原来提供美味啤酒和香肠的wursthaus变成现在的工艺美味酒吧，我不知道这是什么玩意，原来的霍利奥克中心现在改名叫史密斯校园中心，你难道不讨厌校友用自己的名字命名所有东西吗？
不过也有好消息，哈佛保留了五十年前我刚进校时的优良传统，仍然是美国最具声望的大学，同其他伟大的大学样，它位于美国民主实验的心脏地带，哈佛的目的不只是幸知识，还包括增进我们关于国家的理想。各种背景，各种信仰，探索各种问题的人都能在伟大的大学中自由开放的学习知识并探讨想法。今天我想跟大家谈谈这种自由对于每个人而言是多么重要，无论我们多么强烈反对别人的观点，对他人想法的容忍以及表达自身言论的自由是伟大大学中不可侵害的价值，两者结合在一起构成了维持民主社会根基的神圣信赖。但我要告诉大家，这种信赖，是很脆弱的，特别是在君主、暴君、多数的专横倾向下。
最近，这种倾向经常再现在我们的大学校园和社会中，这是个坏消息，而且很不幸的是，哈佛以及我自己的城市纽约也都见证过这种趋势。首先，在纽约市你可能记得，几年前有些人强烈反对在世贸中心的旧址几个街区远的专访建 一座清真寺，这是一个情感的问题。民意调查显示，超过2/3的美国人都反对在那里建清真寺，即使是反诽谤联盟，这一被公认为全车宗教自由最热情的捍卫者，也毫不掩饰对该项目表示反对，反对者进行着反对和示威遣责开发者，要求市政府停止这项工程这是他们的权利，我们保护他们的搞辩权，但他们的观点绝对是错误的，我们拒绝屈从。政府如果单独选 出某种宗教阻止，而且只阻止在特定地点建立宗教活动场所，这绝对是和伟大美国的道德原则背道而驰的，这应该是宪法保护所不允许的。
美国这个五十州联邦依赖于两大价值的结合：自由和宽容。正是这两大价值的结合，让一个不信神的国家，但事实上，没有任何国家比美利坚合众国更愿意保护人类的各种信仰和哲学，不过这种保护需要依赖于我们持续的警觉，我们倾向于认为政教分离的原则已经确立，实际上没有而且永远不会，我们需要坚决地拥护它，确保法律条文下规定的平等，对于每个人都是平等垢。
如果你希望按照自己希望的那样进行宗教活动，按照希望的那样发表言论，同希望的人结婚，你就必须宽容我像这样的自由，我做事可能会冒犯你，你可能觉得我的行为不道德或是非正义，但你不能用自身没有的限制方式来限制我的自由，否则这只会导致不公。我们在自己要
求权利的同时，不能否定其他人的相同权利，对于城市是这样，对于大学也同样是这样。学术压迫的势力正在抬头。自1950年以来，这是最为严重的。在我小时候，美国参议员，当然~你们可以鼓掌~~~在我小时候，美国参议员乔麦卡锡问：“你现在是不是，曾经是不是~~？”他试图压制和定罪，那些赞同哪怕在当时都已经很失败的经济体制的人，麦卡锡的红色恐惧让数以千计的人失去了生命，他害怕的是什么呢，是一种思想，也就是共产主义。
他和一些人认为这种思想很危险。不过他至少在一噗上是正确的，思想确实危险。思想能够改变社会，思想能够颠覆传统，思想能够开启革命。这就是为什么历史上，那些权贵要抑制思想、避免这些思想威胁到他们的权力、宗教、意识形态以及地位。苏格拉底和伽利略是这样，纳尔逊曼德拉和瓦茨拉夫哈维尔是这样，艾未来、造反猫咪乐队以及在伊朗制作快乐视频的孩子们也是这样。压抑自由言论表达是人类本性上的弱点，每次出现时我们都需要同它进行斗争，结思想的不宽容，无论是自由还是保守派思想，都同个人权利和自由社会背道而驰的。以上这此自然也适用于伟大大学和项尖学者。大学校园正淬着一咱观点，我想哈佛也不例外，认为学者只有在研究符合特定正义观念的前提下，才应获得资助。这种观点可以用一个词来概括：审查，这是麦卡锡主义的当代表现，想想这有多么讽剌。1950年代，右翼试图掏左翼思想，而今天在很多大学校园自由派则开始抑制保守派思想。保守派教职员工甚至就快成为濒危物种，这种情况尤其在常春藤盟校最为突出。2012年总统选举中，根据联邦选举委员会数据，常春藤盟校教职员工有96%的捐赠都给了巴拉克奥巴马，前苏联政治局的差异都比常春藤盟校捐赠大。这一统计数字发人深思。虽然我也支持奥巴马总统的再次当选，但我认为任何派别都不应该垄断真理，或让上帝总站在它那一边，96%常春藤盟校捐赠者偏向于某一位候选人，这就不得不让人怀疑，这些大学中的学生是否获得了他们应当获得的观点多样性，性别、人种、取向多样性都很重要。但一所大学还应当有政治多样性，否则就称不上伟大。实际上，为教授提供终生教职就是为保证他们能够自由地进行研究，而不用害怕研究主题同学校政治和社会规范不一致。最初的终身教职如果要继续存在，就必须保护同自由派规范相冲突的保守派思想，否则，大学研究和进行研究的教授就会失去信誉。
伟大的大学不应当戴有党派的有色眼镜，教育不应当成为自由主义的教育，大学的角色不应当是宣扬某一种意识形态而应当是为学者和学生提供问题研究和辩论的中立论坛，不让天平朝任何一个方向倾斜，不抑制不受欢迎的观点。因此，要求学者和毕业典礼发言者，遵循特定的政治标准会侵蚀整个大学的存在的意义。
今年春，很让人不安的是，很多大学毕业典礼演讲者都被撤销了，甚至连邀请函都被撤回了，仅仅因为学生甚至资深教职团队和管理者的反对。我很吃惊，学生姑且不论，其他人显然应当更明事理一些。这发生在布兰代斯、哈弗福德、罗格斯、史密斯等院校。去年，还发生在斯沃斯莫尔和约翰霍普金斯。我很遗憾，这些例子中，自由派都希望让不喜欢的声音无法发出，政治上不被其认同的人会被拒绝授予荣誉学位，这太让人愤怒了。我们不应当让它继续发生，如果一所大学在邀请一位毕业典礼演讲嘉宾时还要因为政治立场再三斟酌，审查和一致这些自由的死敌就会胜出，很悲哀的是，并不只有毕业季的演讲嘉宾会被审查，去年秋天，我还在担任市长的时候，市警察局长受邀到另一所常春藤盟校进行演讲，结果他的演讲却因学生大专抗议而无法进行。比起让讨论沉默，大学的意义不应当是激起讲座吗？学生到底害怕听到什么，为什么管理者不采取措施避免暴民干扰演讲。难道其他想听演讲的学生，机会 就应当被这样剥夺吗？我敢肯定，今天毕业的学生肯定都读过，约翰斯图尔物密尔的——论自由。请允许我将其中的一小段读给大家听：强迫别人不能发表意见的邪恶及是对整个人类的掠夺，对后代人类的掠夺，对不同意于那个意见的人掠夺更多”，他继续首“假如那意见是对的，那么他们是被剥夺了以错误换真理的机会；假如那意见是错的，那么他们是
失掉了一个差不多同样大的利益，那就是从真理与错误冲突中产一出来的对于真理的更加清楚的认识和更加生动的印象”，密尔如果知道大学学生强迫别不发表意见肯定会痛心疾首，密尔如果知道连教职团队都通常成为毕业演讲审查活动的一部分，肯定会更加痛心疾首。如果是终身教职教授强迫观点同自己不一对致的发言者不发表言论，那就真的是莫大讽剌了。特别是发生在东北的那些抗议，自称的自由宽容显得尤为伪善。不过很高兴的是，哈佛没有陷入这些毕业典礼审查之中，否则的话，科罗拉多州参议员迈克尔约翰斯顿昨天就没有机会在教育学院发表演讲了。不少学生号召管理层撤回对约翰斯顿的邀请，因为他们反对他的一些教育政策。不过佛斯特校长和赖安院长都非常坚定，赖安院长写信给这些学生说：“观点存在分歧”在我看来，这引起分歧应当经过探讨和辩论，受到挑战和质疑，同时也应受到尊敬和庆贺。他完全是正确的，他以自身的言行为2014届毕业生上最为宝贵的最后一课，作为约翰霍普金斯大学前任主席，我坚信一所大学的职责并不是教学生思考什么，而是教学生如何思考。这就需要倾听不同意见，不带偏见的衡量各种观点，冷静思考不同意见中是否也有可取的内容。如果教职员工做不到这一点，学校管理者就有责任介入俦解决这一问题，否则的话，学生毕业时就会封闭自己的耳朵和思维。大学也就辜负了学生和社会的信任。如果想知道这会导致什么，看看华盛顿就知道了。在华盛顿，我国面临的所有重大问题，包括国家安全、经济、环境、医疗等问题，两党在处理所有这些问题时，都没有考虑协作，而是看谁声音更大，以此压倒对方，试图抑制和破坏同自己意识形态不相符的调研结果。大学对这种模式模仿得越鑫，我们的社会就会变得越糟糕。我来举一些例子，数十年来，国会都禁止养病控制中心进行枪支暴力的研究，最近，国会又对国立卫生研究院颁布禁令，你需要问问自己，他们在害怕什么。今年，参议院延迟对奥巴马总统提名的卫生局局长佛内科医师维维克莫西进行投票，原因仅仅是他竟敢说，枪支暴力是一大应当处理的公共卫生危机。他真是太大胆了。让我们严肃一些。每天都86位美国人死于枪杀，枪击事件也经常发生在校园中，包括上周发生在对巴巴拉的悲剧。但除此之外，再说什么估计都会被认为是医疗失当。在政治上也同很多大学校园中发生的一样，人们不愿意听到同自己意识形态相抵触的事实，他们害怕它们，而且没有什么比科学证据更他们害怕的了。今年早些时候，南卡罗来纳州对公立学校彩了新标准，州议会竟然禁止人们提到自然选择。这就像是教经常学，却不讲供需，还需要问那个问题。他们害怕什么？答案很显然，同国会议员害怕数据破坏他们的意识形态一样，这些州议会议员害怕科学证据破坏他们的宗教信念。想要证据的人可以考虑这个，南卡罗来纳的一位八女孩给州议会议员写一封信，请他们将犯犸象定为官方州化石，州议员们认为这个主意很好，因为猛犸象化石早在1725年就发现于州里，然后州参议辽通过的法案中却将猛犸象定义为“创造于陆生动物创生的第六天”。这些东西不能胡编乱造。在二十一世纪的美国，教会和国家之间的壁垒仍在受到攻击。这就需要我们来维持两者的分离。很不幸的是，将意识形态和宗教观念强加到桧和进化论的这些民选官员，大多也正是不愿承认气候变化科学证据的那些人。别误解我的意思，科学怀疑主义是有好外的，但是寻找更多的证据的科学怀疑主义同意识形态上拒绝科学证据的顽固不化是有本质判别的。我么多民选官员针对科学都是这种态度。联邦政府没能尽到自己的职责，在大学等机构投资科学研究也就毫不奇怪了。如今，gnp中用于研究和开发的联邦支出百分比是五十余年间最低的，这让世界其它国家有机会赶上，甚至超过美国的科学研究，联邦政府在科学上是不及格的，就像很多州政府一样。我们美国不应该背离科学，内部也不应该相互仇视。回到2014届毕业生典礼上来，你们必须引领前路，每个问题上我们都应当遵循证据的指引、倾听人们的意见。只要我们这样做，就没有什么问题解决不了，没有解不开的死结，没有谈不妥的和解。思想交流越自由，政治多样性就越强，我们就越健康，社会就会越强大。我知道，我并没有按照传统方式做毕业典礼演讲。实际上，这甚至可能让我在人文系的论文答辩上无法通过，不过讲这些麻烦事时总不会轻松。毕业生们，在你们一生中，不要害怕说出自己认为正确的东西，无
论它有多么不受欢迎，特别是在捍卫他人权利的时候。捍卫他人权利，有时比捍卫自身权利更为重要。因为当人们寻求抑制其他人自由的时候，你可能会保持沉默。这样你将会助长这种抑制，哪天你可能也会成为受害者。不要沆瀣一气，不要人云亦云，大声说出来，有力地回击，我敢肯定，你会受到批评，我敢肯定，你还会失去一些朋友，树立一些敌人，但历史会站在你这一边！我们的车家也会因此更加强盛！所有毕业生，都经过努力获得了今天的成就，你们可以很自豪很感激！
今晚，在你们离开这所伟大的大学之前，可能会去香港餐厅来一大碗蝎子碗大杂烩，明天你们需要开始行动焉，让我们的国家和世界对每个人都更自由并永远自由下去！
上帝保佑你们！好运！篇二：雪莉 桑德伯格在哈佛2014年毕业典礼上的演讲
雪莉 桑德伯格在哈佛2014年毕业典礼上的演讲
祝贺所有人，你们做到了。我指的不是大学毕业，而你们成功出席今天的毕业典礼。如果我没记错，某些同学虽然昨晚在香港具厅喝了太多蝎子碗调酒，但今天还是来了。由于天气，这种哈 佛还没有弄清如何控制的现象，还胡同学正在温暖的地方喝热可可饮料。所以，你们有很多为今天出席毕业日活动感到自豪的理由。
祝贺你们的家长，你们花了很多钱，让子女能够说自己是从波士顿附近的这所“小学校”毕业的。还要感谢2014届毕业生邀请我来到这次盛典。这对我价值巨大。看到过往演讲者的名单让人有些敬畏，我肯定没有艾米波乐那么搞笑，但我至少比特雷萨修女更幽默。
25年前，一个当时还不认识，但以后成为我丈夫的男人戴夫，从在你们现在从的地方。23年前，我从在你们现在从的地方。戴夫和我这个周末，带着可爱的子女回校，我们都有相同的三角：哈佛的篮球队太棒了！
站在校园中，回忆泉涌。1987年的秋天，我从迈阿密来到这里，怀揣着伟大的梦想，还胡更夸张的发型。我被分配到哈佛伟大建筑的一座历史丰碑~卡纳迪楼，我是说真的，我当时穿着牛仔裙，白色暖裤袜套，运动鞋，还有一件弗罗里达羊毛衫。因为当时我的父母告诉我，所有人都会认为来自弗里达的人很酷。至少，我们那时没有。
对我而言，哈佛给了我很多第一次，包括我的第一件冬装，在迈阿密没有人需要冬装。我的第一份10页的论文，高中没有人会布置这么长的作业。我第一次得c，这之后，我的学监告诉我说，她在招生委员会，她招我进来不是因为我的学术潜能，而是因为我的品性。我在寄宿学校看到的第一个人，我就觉得这个人会是个大麻烦。我还碰到了第一个名字同整座建筑一样的人，这个人名字叫做萨拉威格尔斯沃斯，她和那栋宿舍楼没有关系，当时我很震惊，知道她和宿舍楼没有关系后，我松了一口气。之后，我还碰到了其他人，弗朗西斯斯特劳斯，詹姆斯威尔斯，杰西卡科学中心b。我第一们爱，第一们让我心碎的人。我第一次认识到自己热爱学习，第一次也是最后一次遇到有在读拉丁文。
我毕业那年，我想好自己以后有什么计划，我要进世界银行，对抗全球贫穷，然后我要去法学院，然后我将非营利机构或政府工作，你们院长也讲了，在明天
我对自己毕业后的数十年规划其实并没错，计划只错在了一年后，就算我算到了自己会在私营企业工作，我肯定算不到自己会在脸谱，那时候没有互联网。那时候马克扎克伯格还在读小学，已经开始穿他的标志性帽衫了。没有太早锁死自己的道路，让我有机会进入改变生活的全新领域。有些人可能认为我运气好，我想说，卡纳迪楼后，我又被安排到了设计院。
从你们所坐的地方到你们要去的地方是没有直路的，不要尝试画这样的直线，这不仅会出错，还会错失的大的机遇，例如像互联网这样。
职业不是梯子，那种时代一去不返了，职业更像是立体方格铁架，不要只上下移动，不要只往上看，还要往回，往旁边看，看转角周围。你的职业和生活会有始终，会有曲折，不要对未来的道路太过忧虑，因为生活中充满了惊喜和机遇，你需要对各处可能性持开放态度。今天我要讲的最重要的一点就是，对诚实保持开放的态度。相互之间说老实话，对自己诚实，也对我们所生活的世界诚实。看看身边的孩子，你就知道他们有多诚实，我朋友贝琪怀孕后，她五岁的儿子山姆想知道宝宝在她身体里的什么地方。李问，妈妈，宝宝的胳膊在你的胳膊里吗？她说，不是，整个宝宝在我的肚子里。他又问，妈妈，宝宝的腿在你的腿里吗？她回答，不山姆，整个宝宝都在我肚子里。然后，山姆问道，那的屁股里有什么？
作为成年人，我们几乎一直很诚实，这是很难得的好事。我怀孕的时候，我问我丈夫我的屁股有没有变大，起初他说没有，但我不断施压，最后，他说，好吧，有一点。我的小姑子一直说我丈夫，也是你们以后在生活中经常会听到有说到的：“这家伙竟然是哈佛出来的。”
在人一旅途中，如果听到一些真话会对我们很有帮助，我在你们这个年龄的时候，还没有俯到这一点。在我毕业的时候，我对爱情生活的关心大于事业，我认识自己没有什么时间了，必须赶紧找个好男人结婚，以免所有好男人都被别人抢走，或者我太老了。于是，我搬到哥伦比亚特区，在我24岁的时候结婚了。那个男人很不错，但我俩似乎总相处不好，我变得不知道自己是住，也不知道未
来在哪里。一年不到，我的婚姻以失败告终，当时我非常难堪，非常痛苦。很多朋友来安慰我，但毫无帮助，他们说：我就知道你们俩结婚是行不通的，我就知道你们俩不合适。没有人在婚姻之前跟我说这些，事前告诉我这些肯定是会更有用。
我熬过了离婚后的这些痛苦的时光，我多希望他们原来有给过我建议，我多希望我曾经问过他们。而在我的职业生涯中，确实有人这无保留的地说出了实施。本科后，我和第一任老板是兰特普得切特，肯尼迪学院授刘的一位经济学家，他今天也在现场。我第二次考虑法学院时，兰特跟我说，我不认为你应该去法学院，我也不认为你想去法学院。你认为自己应该去，大概只是你父母一直以来的要求。他注意到，我在谈话中从未表现出对法律的任何兴趣。我知道，相互之间坦诚相见有多么难，哪怕最亲密的朋友，哪怕是在他们可能犯严重错误的时候，不过我敢打赌，在座的各位知道自己亲密朋友的强项和弱项，知道他们可能掉落在哪个悬崖。我也敢打赌，大部分时候，你们并没有告诉他们，他们也从没问过。
去问这些问题，真相会越问越明。朋友诚实地回答时，你就知道他们是你真正的朋友了。
养成寻求反馈的习惯非常重要，特别是在离开学校系统，没了考试和分数之后。很多工作中，如果你想知道自己干得怎么样，你就需要去询问，而且不要因为听到不喜欢听的而觉得受到冒犯。毫
无疑问，听人批评绝对不会让人高兴，但我们只能在批评中进步。
几年前，马无扎克伯格决定要学中文。为了练习，他开始尝试在一些工作会议中，同中文母语同事交流。你们估计可以想到，他有有限的中文水平，会让谈话很难正常进行。一天，他问一位女性，有脸谱工作怎么样。她用了一个很长很复杂的句子回答。他说，请简单些。她又说了一次。请再简单些！经过几次之后，她只好说了一句很简单的话~我的经理很糟糕！扎克伯格这次真的听懂了。
通常，真相都成了避免冲突的牺牲品。我们在讲真相时，总喜欢使用很多修饰，很多委婉语，淹没了真正要传达的信息。我希望你们在向他询问真相的时候，能用简单明了的语言相互交流。讲到自己的真相时，也应该使用简单明了的语言。
同他人坦诚相见很困难，坦诚对待自己的想法甚至更难。我有了小孩子后，经常会和自己说，我对工作不感到内疚，哪怕没有人问的时候。有人跟我说，雪
莉，今天过得如何。我会说，很棒，我对工作并不感到内疚。有人说，我需要一件羊毛衫吗？我说，没错，外面很冷，我对荼工不感到内疚。我就像一只学舌的鹦鹉。
有天，我在跑步机上，正在读社会学杂志上的论文。上面写道，相比对他人撒谎，人们更喜欢对自己撒谎，而重复最多的那句话，通常就是谎言。
我脸上汗如雨下，心想，我重复最多的一句话是什么，我意识到了，我对工作感到内疚。我做了大量的研究，我同好友内尔斯克维尔花了一整年的时间，写了一本书，讲我的想法和感受。世界上很多女性都同它产生了共鸣，这让我很欣慰。我的书名叫做《格雷的五十道阴影》，可见，你们很多人也都读过这本书。
对于我们所生活的世界保持诚实，我们还有很多要做。我们并不总能看到真相，就算盾到了，我们经常也没有大声说出的勇气。
我和同学们在读大学时，认为性格平等的斗争已经结束。没错，大部分待业的领袖都是男性，但改变应该只是时间的问题。那边的拉蒙特图书馆，就在我们之前一代人的时间，不允许女性进入，但在我们毕业时，一切都平等了。哈佛和拉德克里夫完全统一了。
我们不需要妇权主义，因为我们已经得到了平等。我们错了，我错了，世界在那时并不平等，现在也不平等。我认为现如今，我们并不只是假装没看到真相，并对不平等视而不见，我们还在遭受低预期的践踏。
在美国的上一个选举周期，女性赢得了20%的参议院席位。所有报纸头条都开始叫嚷，女性接管了参议院。我很想大声回应说，等等，大伙，50%的人只占有了20%的席位，这不是接管，这是羞辱。
今年，就在几个月前，硅谷一位很受人新生的知名商业经理人，邀请我到他的社交媒体俱乐部发表演讲。几个月之前，我去过这家俱乐部。一位朋友过生日邀我去的。建筑很漂亮，我在里面游荡。欣赏她，找卫生间。结果一位员工很肯定的告诉我，女卫生间在那里，让我务必不要上楼去，因为女性不允许进入这座建筑，我直到这时才意识到自己来到了一家全男性俱乐部。
剩下的整个晚上，我一直都纳闷，自己来这里做什么，纳闷其他人都在做什么，纳闷旧金山会不会有朋友邀请我去一个不允许黑人、犹太人、亚洲人、或同
性恋者的俱乐部派对。被邀请到这家俱乐部做商业演讲，就更让人不爽了，因为这根本就不是单纯的社交活动场所。
我首先想到的是，这是真的吗？真的。《向前一步》出版后一年，这个家伙竟然认为邀请我到一家全男怀俱乐部做演讲是一个好主意。他不是一个，很多备受尊敬的商务人士，都和他一起发出这份邀请。
转述格鲁马克思的一句话，别担心，我不打算模仿他的声音。我不会去任何不愿加我为会员的俱乐部做演讲。我拒绝了。我还做一件，也许5年前我不会做的事，我回了一长篇饱含激情的电子邮件，告诉他们应当改变这一做法。他们感谢了我的迅速回函，写到？也许情况最终会有所改变。我们的期望值太代了，最终需要转化为立刻才行。
我们需要看到真相，讲出真相。我们容忍歧视，假装机会是平等的。没错，我们选举了一位非裔美国人总统。但各族主义仍然无处不在，不错，确实有女性掌握着财富500强企业，准确的说是5%。但我们的道路上，充满了母老虎、跋扈老女人这样的恶语。而我们的男性同行却被尊为俯视，被认为成就卓著。
非裔美国女性总需要证明自己没有生气，拉丁裔总被打上暴躁急性子的标签。脸谱有一群亚裔男女，胸口带着牌子说，我有可能不够好。
没错，哈佛有一位女性校长，也许两年后，美国也会迎来首位女总统。但要实现目标，希拉里克林顿需要克服两 大重要障碍，一是未知，通常也未疲理解的性别偏见；二是，更糟的，从耶鲁获得的文凭而不是哈佛。
你们可以挑战老一套的做法，在脸谱我们会贴海报激励自己，完成重于完美，财富偏爱勇敢者，不要害怕，勇往直前。我最近又喜欢上一条，在脸谱没有别人的问题。我希望你们也能这样看问题，问题没有别人 的问题。性别不平等对男性和女性都 没有好处，各族主义对白人和少数族裔都是伤害，缺乏平等机会，让我们所有人无法发挥自己的真正潜能。
在你们毕业的今天，我希望给你们一些压力，让你认识到，真相虽然有时难以接受，但很重要。不要逃避，碰到了就要勇于面对。感谢凯蒂，感谢福斯特校长、哈佛大学理事会成员、监事会成员，还有迎接我回校的所有教职员工、校友及同学们。
站在这里我非常激动，不仅是因为我能在哈佛大学第363届毕业典礼上面对各位优秀的毕业生及校友讲话，更是因为能站在去年奥普拉曾站过的地方。我的天啊。let me begin with the first order of business: let‘s have a big round of applause for the class of 2014.they‘ve earned it.下面让我从最重要的环节开始：让我们把最热烈的掌声送给2014届毕业生们，这是他们赢得的。
as excited as the graduates are, they are probably even more exhausted after the past few weeks.and parents, i‘m not referring to their final exams.i‘m talking about the senior olympics, the last chance dance, and the booze cruise – i mean, the moonlight cruise.毕业生们都一样的兴奋，但同时这几周或许也让他们有些精疲力竭吧。各位家长，我指的可不是期末考试哦，我说的是高年级运动会、最后一次交际舞会和游轮酒宴——我指的是午夜巡游会。
anyway，this year has been exciting on campus：harvard beat yale for the seventh straight time in football.the men‘s basketball team went to the second round of the ncaa tournament for the second straight year.and the men‘s squash team won national championship.不管怎样，今年的校园很令人振奋：哈佛橄榄球队连续第七次击败耶鲁，男子篮球队连续两年打入全国大学体育协会冠军赛的第二轮，还有男子壁球队则获得了全国冠军。
who‘d a thunk it: harvard, an athletic powerhouse!pretty soon they‘re going to be asking whether you have academics to go along with your athletic programs.谁会想到：哈佛，竟然有如此强大的运动天团！不久后，可能就会有人问，你们的学术水平是否能和体育水平相媲美？
my personal connection to harvard began in 1964, when i graduated from johns hopkins university in baltimore and matriculated here at the b-school.我个人与哈佛的关系缘起于1964年，当时我从巴尔地摩的约翰霍普金斯大学毕业并到这里的商学院就读。you‘re probably asking yourself or maybe whispering to the person next to you: how did he ever get into harvard business school, particularly since his stellar academic record, where he always made the top half of the class possible? i have no idea.the only people more surprised than me were my professors.你们或许在想，或者和身旁的人窃窃私语：他是如何进入哈佛商学院的呢？尤其是他的学术成绩总能排在全班前列？我不知道，比我自己更惊讶的可能只有我的教授了。
anyway, here i am again back in cambridge.and i have noticed that a few things have changed since i was a student here.elsie‘s – a sandwich spot i used to love near the square – is now a burrito shop.the wursthaus – which had great beer and sausage – is now an artisanal gastro-pub, whatever that is.and the old holyoke center is now named the smith campus center.总之，今天我又回到了剑桥[注：剑桥为哈佛大学所在地]。我注意到，这里跟我学生时代有了一些变化。广场附近我曾经很喜欢的三文治售卖点爱尔诗，现在成了卷饼店。曾经提供美味啤酒和香肠的乌斯特豪斯，现在成了工艺美食酒吧，不知道这是啥。还有原来的霍利约克中心
现在改名为史密斯校园中心。don‘t you just hate it when alumni put their names all over everything? i was thinking about that this morning as i walked into the bloomberg center on the harvard business school campus across the river.but the good news is, harvard remains what it was when i first arrived on campus 50 years ago: america‘s most prestigious university.and, like other great universities, it lies at the heart of the american experiment in democracy.不过也有好消息，就是哈佛仍然秉承着50年前我刚入校时的优良传统，依旧是美国最负盛名的大学。和其他顶尖的大学一样，她处在美国民主实验的核心位置。
这些顶尖大学的目的不仅是增长知识，还包括推进我们民族的理想。顶尖大学是让各种背景、各种信仰、探寻各种问题的人，能到此自由开放地学习和探讨想法的地方。
today, i‘d like to talk with you about how important it is for that freedom to exist for everyone, no matter how strongly we may disagree with another‘s viewpoint.今天我想跟大家聊聊，这种自由的存在对于每个人来说是多么的重要，无论我们多么不认同别人的观点。
tolerance for other people‘s ideas, and the freedom to express your own, are inseparable values at great universities.joined together, they form a sacred trust that holds the basis of our democratic society.包容他人观点，以及表达自身言论的自由，是顶尖大学不可分割的价值。两者结合在一起，构成了支撑民主社会根基的一种神圣的信赖。
but let me tell you that trust is perpetually vulnerable to the tyrannical tendencies of monarchs, mobs, and majorities.and lately, we have seen those tendencies manifest themselves too often, both on college campuses and in our society.不过我要告诉大家，这种信赖在君主、暴民、多数派的专制倾向下是很脆弱的。最近，大家频繁地看到这些倾向真实发生的事例，不管是在大学校园或社会。
that‘s the bad news – and unfortunately, i think both harvard, and my own city of new york, have been witnesses to this trend.这是个坏消息，而且很不幸的是，我认为哈佛以及我自己所在的城市纽约，也都目睹过这种倾向。
first, for new york city.several years ago, as you may remember, some people tried to stop the development of a mosque a few blocks from the world trade center site.首先，来谈谈纽约市。你们可能记得，几年前有些人试图阻止在世贸中心旧址几个街区远的地方建一座清真寺的计划。
it was an emotional issue, and polls showed that two-thirds of americans were against a mosque being built there.even the anti-defamation league – widely regarded as the country‘s most ardent defender of religious freedom – declared its opposition to the project.这是个情感的议题，民意调查显示超过2/3的美国人反对在该地修建清真寺。即便是反诽谤联盟——这个被公认为全国宗教自由最狂热的捍卫者，也公然反对该项计划。the opponents held rallies and demonstrations.they denounced the developers，and they demanded that city government stop its construction.that was their right and we protected their right to protest.but they could not have been more wrong.and we refused to cave in to their demands.反对者发动集会和示威活动。他们谴责开发商，要求市政府终止这项工程。那是他们的权利，我们保障他们抗议的权利。但他们的观点绝对是错误的，我们拒绝向他们的要求妥协。the idea that government would single out a particular religion, and block its believers – and only its believers – from building a house of worship in a particular area is diametrically opposed to the moral principles that gave rise to our great nation and the constitutional protections that have sustained it.要求政府单独选出一个特定的宗教、阻止并且只阻止其信徒在特定区域建立其宗教活动场所的想法，这完全悖离伟大民族的道德原则，是宪法保护所不允许的。
our union of 50 states rests on the union of two values: freedom and tolerance.and it is that union of values that the terrorists who attacked us on september 11th, 2001 and on april 15th, 2013 found most threatening.我们这50州联邦的建立取决两大价值的结合：自由和包容。正是这两大价值的结合，让2001年9月11日和2013年4月15日袭击我们的恐怖分子备感威胁。to them, we were a god-less country.在他们看来，我们是一个无神的国度。
but in fact, there is no country that protects the core of every faith and philosophy known to human kind – free will – more than the united states of america.that protection, however, rests upon our constant vigilance.但事实上，没有任何一个国家，比美国更能保护人类各种信仰和哲学认识的核心——自由意志。不过，这种保护需要依赖于我们时刻的警觉。
we like to think that the principle of separation of church and state is settled.it is not.and it never will be.it is up to us to guard it fiercely and to ensure that equality under the law means equality under the law for everyone.我们会这么认为：政教分离的原则已经确立。实际上并没有，而且永远不会。我们需要坚决地拥护它，以确保法律条文下规定的人人平等，对每个人都是平等的。
if you want the freedom to worship as you wish, to speak as you wish, and to marry whom you wish, you must tolerate my freedom to do so or not do so as well.如果你希望你的信仰、言论和选择配偶的自由，如你所愿，你就必须包容我这样做或不这样做的自由。
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