杨澜2011英文演讲：重塑中国的一代

第一篇：杨澜2011英文演讲：重塑中国的一代

杨澜TED英文演讲： The generation that's remaking China The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese:送你葱] So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned my courage and poise and said, “Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were

traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have

clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.(Applause)

第二篇：杨澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代

杨澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代 Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest?Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese]So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990,when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?”I summoned my courage and poise and said,“Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her micro blog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend,who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as micro blog.Micro blog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million micro bloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those micro bloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government,social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through micro blogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young

coupleswill have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation,tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside,they find themselves very welcome locally,because with the knowledge, skills and networksthey have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs,upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient,which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruptionor backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on micro blogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through micro blogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through micro blogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time?I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.4

第三篇：杨澜-改变中国一代,中英对照

澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代（英文演讲稿）

Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest?Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese]So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990,when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?”I summoned my courage and poise and said,“Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend,who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government,social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were bornin the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young coupleswill have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in Americawould only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation,tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside,they find themselves very welcome locally,because with the knowledge, skills and networksthey have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs,upgrade local agriculture and create new businessin the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient,which explains that the cost of daily necessitieshas dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruptionor backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustrationamong our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogsfor food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watchingthrough microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the systemof self-correctness to keep more people contentwith all sorts of friction going on at the same time?I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.在来爱尔兰的前一晚，我应邀主持了中国达人秀在上海的体育场和八万现场观众。

猜猜谁是表演嘉宾？——苏珊大妈。我告诉她，“我明天要去爱尔兰了。” 她歌声犹如天籁。而且她还可以说点中文。

“送你葱。” 这不是“你好、谢谢”之类的日常用语。这组词翻译过来是免费给你青葱，为什么她要说这个呢？因为这是我们中国版的苏珊大妈很有名的一句歌词。

这位五十几岁的大妈在上海以贩卖蔬菜为生。她喜欢西方的歌剧，但是她不懂任何外语，所以她就把中文蔬菜名填做歌词。当她在体育场里 唱到今夜无人入眠的最后一句时，她唱的是“送你葱”。苏珊大妈和全场八万观众一起唱“送你葱”，多有意思的场面。

我想苏珊大妈和这位在上海做蔬菜买卖的都属于不同寻常的人。在业界所谓的娱乐圈，他们最不可能取得成功，但是他们的勇气和才华让他们成功了。一场秀，一个平台给了他们实现梦想的舞台。与众不同不难，从不同的角度看我们都是不一样的。我认为与众不同是好的，因为你有不同的看法，这给你机会去产生不同的影响。

我们这代人有幸见证和参与了过去二三十年中国的历史性的转型。

我记得在九十年代，刚从大学毕业的我申请了一份在北京五星级酒店销售部的工作。在日本经理一个半小时的面试后，他最后说：“杨小姐，你有什么问题要问我吗？”我鼓起勇气，定定神然后问道：“您能告诉我销售部到底销售什么？”我对于五星级酒店的销售部的职责一点都摸不着头脑。那是我在五星级酒店的第一天。

同时，我和上千名大学女生参加了一场由中国中央电视台举办的史无前例的公开选拔。制作人告诉我们他们想找一位可爱，天真，美丽的新面孔。当轮到我时，我站起来说道，“为什么女孩在电视上必须是漂亮，甜美，无邪的，像个花瓶？为什么她们不能有她们的想法，她们自己的声音？”

我想我一定得罪了评委。但是事实上，我的发言给他们留下了深刻的印象。接下来我进入了第二轮的选拔，然后是第三轮，第四轮。在经过七轮的选拔后，我胜出了。成为了一个国家电视台黄金时段节目的主持人。

不管你们相不相信，那是中国电视上第一个节目可以允许主持人自由发挥而不是去读审查后的稿子。这个节目的观众人数高达两到三千万。

几年后，我决定去美国哥伦比亚大学进修。之后我有了自己的传媒公司，这是在我刚毕业的时候想都不敢想的。

我和我的团队做了很多事情。在过去的这些年，我采访了上千人。有时候有年轻人走过来对我说：“杨澜，你改变了我的生活。”我也为此而自豪。

接下来我们一起见证了中国更多的变化。我参与了北京申奥，出席了上海世博会。我看到中国拥抱世界，世界接纳中国……但是有时候我在想，当今的年轻人追求什么？他们有什么不同？他们如何去创造中国的未来，往大了说，世界的未来？

今天我想讲讲在社交媒体这个大舞台上的年轻人。

他们是谁？他们是怎样的？这个二十岁左右的漂亮女孩叫郭美美。她在中国版的推特--微博上炫耀她拥有的昂贵的手包，衣服，车子。她自称是红十字商会的经理。她没有意识到她踩到了一根敏感的神经，引起了全民对于红十字公信力的质疑。如此激烈的质问使得红十字会不得不召开记者招待会进行澄清，并且伴随着调查的展开。

至此，我们知道是她自己编造的头衔，大概是觉得和慈善有关事件有面子的事情。所有的奢侈品都是她的男朋友送给她的，她男朋友曾经是红十字下属商会的董事成员。这个关系解释起来太复杂了。但是不管怎么说，公众不买账。这个话题始终热议与街头巷尾。这件事揭示了公众对于缺乏透明度的政府及政府机构普遍的不信任。

微博在2010火了起来。玩微博的人翻了一番，织微博的时间也是过去的三倍了。单单新浪这个主要的新闻门户网站就拥有一千四百万微博使用者。腾讯有两千万。首屈一指的微博，不是我，是一个电影明星，她拥有超过95万粉丝。大约百分之八十的微博使用者是三十岁以下的年轻人。

如你所知，传统媒体依然由政府掌控，社交媒体给人们一个宣泄的小出口。因为没有更多的宣泄渠道，来自社交媒体的宣泄是强大的，积极的，甚至是暴力的。

通过微博我们可以更好的了解中国的年轻人。他们有怎样的不同？

首先他们中的大多数出生于独生子女政策开始实施的上世纪八九十年代。因为很多家庭喜欢男孩多于女孩，现在我们年轻男性多于年轻女性近三百万。这可能造成社会潜在的危险，可是谁知道呢？在这个全球化的时代，他们可以找别的国家的女孩做女朋友。

他们中的大多数接受了很好的教育。文盲率在这一代人低于百分之一。在城市，百分之八十的孩子进入大学。

但是老龄化问题也不容忽视。今年的统计显示超过六十五岁的人占总人口的百分之七，到2030年将达到百分之十五，你们知道在我们的传统文化中年轻人要赡养老人。这就意味着年轻的夫妇要赡养四位平均寿命为七十三岁的老人。因此养家糊口对于年轻人并不是件轻松的事。

大学毕业生并非供不应求。在城市，大学毕业生的起薪大约四百美元一个月，可是仅仅房租就要超过五百美元一个月。这让他们怎么应对？他们不得不合租，为了省房租挤在逼仄的小房间里，他们称自己为蚁族。而对于那些将要结婚的并且准备买房的年轻人，他们必须要工作三十到四十年才能负担起自己的第一套公寓。当对于美国人来说只需要五年就能负担得起，但是面对中国奇高的房价却需要三十到四十年。

在两千万外来务工者中，有百分之六十的人是年轻人。他们如同一块三明治被夹在城市和乡村中间。大多数都不愿再回到乡下，但是他们在城市却没有归属感。超时工作，低薪，无法享受社会福利。受通货膨胀，银根紧缩，人民币升值的影响，他们生产的产品在欧美国家的需求量下降，这使他们更容易失业。

去年，在南方某个OEM生产原地发生了骇人听闻的事件：十三个年纪在二十岁左右的工人自杀，一个接着一个的自杀仿佛感染了传染性疾病。虽然他们的自杀的原因各有不同，可是这个事件引起了巨大的社会舆论，对于外来务工人员在身体上，精神上的隔离，对于那些回到乡下的打工者，他们受到了当地的热烈欢迎。这是因为他们在城市中所学到的知识技能，在网络的帮助下，让他们能够创造更多的工作机会，提升当地的农业发展水平，在欠发达地区创造新的商机。因此，在沿海地区发生了劳动力缺乏的问题。

从一方面看起来，年轻人已参与到公共政策的制定中，但是从另一方面看，他们对于自己个人生活的需要有着些许的迷失。中国会超过美国成为世界第一的奢侈品消费市场，这还不包括中国人在欧洲及其他地区的消费。...

第四篇：杨澜《重塑中国的年轻一代》

Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest?Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese]So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because

you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990,when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?”I summoned my courage and poise and said,“Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended

them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social

media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend,who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than

million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government,social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were bornin the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of

them when they're sick.So it means young coupleswill have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in Americawould only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation,tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a

southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside,they find themselves very welcome locally,because with the knowledge, skills and networksthey have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs,upgrade local agriculture and create new businessin the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient,which explains that the cost of daily necessitieshas dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruptionor backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustrationamong our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then

lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And

also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogsfor food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watchingthrough microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the systemof self-correctness to keep more people contentwith all sorts of friction going on at the same time?I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.10

第五篇：杨澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代(中英文对照)

杨澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代（中英文对照）

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China’s Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I’m going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese] So it’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn’t understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.来苏格兰（做TED讲演）的前夜，我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里，在台上的表演嘉宾居然是（来自苏格兰的，因参加英国达人秀走红的）苏珊大妈（Susan Boyle)。我告诉她，“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听，还对观众说了几句中文，她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“，她说的是——“送你葱”（Song Ni Cong)。为什么？这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生，却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女（蔡洪平）。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文，法语或意大利文，所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出来。在她口中，歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时，全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱，场面的确有些滑稽（hilarious)。

So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.我想Susan Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的，而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了，这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来，与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视，我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想，与众不同是一件好事，因为你代表了不一样的观点，你拥有了做改变的机会。

My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton — it’s still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned my courage and poise and said, “Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn’t have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990年，当我刚大学毕业时，我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店——长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理面试了一个半小时之后，他问到，“杨小姐，你有什么想问我的吗？”，我屏住呼吸，问道“是的，你能告诉我，具体我需要销售些什么吗？” 当时的我，对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念，事实上，那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。

Around the same time, I was going through an audition — the first ever open audition by national television in China — with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women’s personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.我当时也在参加另一场“面试”，中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜，与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说，他们希望找到一位甜美，无辜（LOL），漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候，我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上，女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮，甚至是服从性的一面？为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音？“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上，他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔，第三轮，第四轮，直至最后的第七场选拔，我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信，但在当时，我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个，不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目（掌声）。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I’ve interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing’s bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world? 几年以后，我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造，之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司，这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务，在过去这些年里，我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说，“杨澜，你改变了我的人生”，我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变：我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界，而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想，今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的？他们（与我们相比）有什么不同？他们将带给中国，甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化？ So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei — 20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title — probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It’s very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn’t buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先，他们是谁，他们是什么样子？这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿，20岁，年轻漂亮。她在中国版的Twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品，衣服，包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十字会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经，这引发了一场全民大讨论，民众开始质疑红十字会的公信力。中国红十字会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清，直至今日，对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续，但我们所知道的事实是，她谎报了她的头衔，可能是因为她的虚荣心，希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的，而那位”男朋友“的确曾经是红十字会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂，总之，公众对他们的解释仍然不满意，这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出（中国社会）对长期不透明的政府机关的不信任，同时也表现出社交媒体（微博）巨大的社会影响力。

Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger — it’s not me — it’s a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don’t have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.微博在2010年得到了爆炸性的增长，微博的访问用户增长了一倍，用户的访问时间是09年的三倍。新浪（Sina.com)，一个最主要的微博平台，拥有1.4亿的微博用户，而腾讯拥有两亿用户。（在中国）最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位电影明星，她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80％的微博用户是年轻人，三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下，社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些（民众观点的）分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多，从这个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈，有时候甚至过于强烈。

So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we’re in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they’re sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.通过微博，我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先，他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代，在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎，现在（中国）的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万，这可能带来社会的不稳定（危险），但是我们知道，在这个全球化的社会中，他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1％。在城市中，80％的孩子可以上大学，但他们将要面对的是一个，有接近7％的人口都是老年人的社会，这个数字会在2030年会增长到2030年。在这个国家，传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人，这意味着，一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。

So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space — squeezed in very limited space to save money — and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it’s 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.所以对于年轻人而言，生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元（2500人民币），而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租——挤在有限的空间中以节省开支，他们叫自己”蚁族。“ 对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言，他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言，他们只需要五年时间。

Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don’t want to go back to the countryside, but they don’t have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they’re more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中，他们中的60％都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中，大多数人不愿意回到农村，但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业，受到通货膨胀，银行利率，人民币升值的影响，甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年，在中国南方的一个制造工厂里，有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命，一个接一个，像一场传染病。他们轻生的原因各有不同，但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府，需要更多的关注这些在精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。

For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they’re able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.对于那些回到农村的年轻人，他们所经历的城市生活，所学到的知识，技巧和建立的社会网络，让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下，他们更有可能获得工作，提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中，一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it’s 0.5 — even worse than that in America — showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.这些图片展现出整体的社会背景。第一张图片是恩格斯系数（食品支出占总消费支出的比例），可以看到在过去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消费中的比例有所下降（37％），然后在过去的两年中，这项指数上升到39％，说明近两年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系数早已越过了危险的0.4，到达0.5——这甚至高过了美国——体现出极大的贫富差距，所以我们才看到整个社会的失衡。同时，“仇富心态”也开始在整个社会蔓延，任何与腐败和走后门相关的政府或商业丑闻都会引发社会危机和不稳定。

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.通过微博上很火的话题，我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中，急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻，这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候，被拆迁的住户以自杀和自焚的方式来抗议（强制拆迁行为）。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来，人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。

So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.好消息是，今年早些时候，人民代表大会通过了一项关于房屋征用和拆迁的新法规，将征用和拆迁的权利从当地政府移交到了法庭。相同的，很多其他与公共安全相关的问题也在互联网上被热烈讨论。我们听到有太多空气污染，水污染，有毒食品的报道。你甚至都想不到，我们还有假牛肉。人们用一种特殊的材料加入鸡肉和鱼肉中，然后以牛肉的价格进行出售。最近，人们对食用油也很担忧，大量的餐馆被发现在使用“地沟油“。所有这些事件引发了互联网上民众观点的大爆发。幸运的是，我们看到了政府正在更积极和更及时的对这些民众的质疑给予回应。

While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they’re a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands — that’s not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They’re not rich at all.They’re taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.一方面，年轻人越来越积极的参与到公共事务中；另一方面，他们也在寻找或者说迷失与个人生活的价值和定位。中国很快就要超过美国，成为世界上第一大奢侈品消费国——这还不包括中国人在国外的消费。但你知道吗，超过半数中国的奢侈品消费者的（年）收入都低于两千美元。他们其实并不富裕，他们用那些奢侈品牌的服装和包体现身份和社会地位。这是一位在电视节目上公然表明，自己宁愿在宝马车里哭也不坐在自行车后笑的年轻女孩。当然，我们也有更多的年轻人，喜欢微笑，不管是在宝马还是在自行车上。

So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son’s picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.在下一幅图中，你看到的是现在非常流行的”裸婚“，这并不代表这“裸露出席婚礼”，这体现的是年轻人愿意接受结婚不买房，不买车，不买钻戒，甚至不办婚宴的这个现实，作为对纯朴的真爱的致敬。但同时，人们也在通过社交媒体做一些善事。这副图片里，这辆车上装有500只被”绑架“来，准备被送去屠宰的狗，这辆车被网友们发现后，人们开始通过微博关注事态的进展，并且通过捐钱，捐食物和做义工来试图拦截该车。在几个小时的周旋后，这500条狗获救并被放生。有更多的人在通过微博寻找丢失的孩子。一位父亲将他失散的儿子的照片发布到微博上，在几千条”转发“之后，他的儿子被找到，家庭的团聚也在微博上被报道出来。

So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it’s about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.“幸福（感）”是近两年中国的流行词汇。幸福感不仅仅与个人体验和价值观相关，更多的，它与环境息息相关。人们在思考：我们是否要牺牲环境来提升GDP？我们要怎样进行社会和政治体制的改革来应对经济的发展，保持稳定性和可持续性发展？同时，这个系统的自我修正能力是否足够强大，是否能够让生活在其中的人民接受在前进过程中的各种压力和困难？我想这些都是中国人民需要回答的问题，而中国的年轻一代将在改变这个国家的过程中也改变自己。