第一篇：有关summary的写作技巧
Summary的写法1
一、概括原文
（一）阅读
1.读懂文章
读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
2.拆分文章
按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。
段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨
写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
（二）基本结构和技巧
1.重新拟定标题
给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
2.阐述观点
摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author…….）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points（对主要观点的支持）。
3.词汇运用
注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.删除细节
只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.” 8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not!If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient.She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul.She wanted to persuade him.She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you.It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks.It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人称概括为：
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt.She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food.But Paul disagreed.He said that food without salt would be tasteless.7.注意问题（1）避免重复
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在summary中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
（2）不要把自己的观点强行添加给作者（3）概述长度不要超过原文章的1/4（4）不要过多照搬原作者的用词，用句
（尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句）。
（5）最后检查一遍，确保文中没有语病，没有语法错误和拼写错误。
二、论文摘要
摘要的基本结构和内容 因为摘要本质上就是一篇高度浓缩的论文，所以其构成与论文主体的结构是对应的。因此，摘要应包括以下内容梗概：（1）目的：研究工作的前提、目的和任务, 所涉及的主题范围；（2）方法：所用的理论、条件、手段等；（3）结果（4）结果的分析、比较、评价、应用，提出的问题，今后的课题, 假设、启发、建议、预测等；（5）其他：不属于研究、研制、调查的主要目的，但具有重要的信息价值。
（一）引言部分
1.回顾研究背景 常用词汇有：review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。This paper outlines some of the basic discusses about…….2.阐明写作或研究目的
常用词汇有：purpose, attempt, aim等。另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。例如：
To investigate the mechanism of…….3.介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围
常用的词汇有：study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。
Here we study the…….This article includes a brief review of………
（二）方法部分
1.介绍研究过程
常用词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。
We present an analysis of …….2.说明研究或试验方法
常用词汇有：measure, estimate, calculate等。We have developed a……model to estimate ……..This study presents estimates of……..（三）结果部分
1.展示研究结果
常用词汇有：show, result, present等。
We show this cell death to be dependent upon…… Our results suggest that…… 2.介绍结论
常用词汇有：summary, introduce, conclude等。
By means of a series of examples, we conclude that……
（四）讨论部分
1.陈述论文的论点和作者的观点
常用词汇有：suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。The results suggest that…… In this study, we describe …….2.阐明论证
常用词汇有：support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。
3.推荐和建议
常用词汇有：suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
Summary 2
一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分
① 点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图； ②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型
常见的摘要句型有： 1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc)...3）This essay presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This essay represents the proceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze..21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of...28)This
第三步：修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。
附：摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要。
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题（the main theme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。
2）弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表 述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）。（2）安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
第二篇：Summary的写作技巧和常见句型
Summary的写作技巧和常见句型
一、概括原文
（一）阅读 1.读懂文章
读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。2.拆分文章
按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨
写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
（二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题
给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。2.阐述观点
摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author„„.）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points（对主要观点的支持）。3.词汇运用
注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.删除细节
只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not!If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient.She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul.She wanted to persuade him.She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you.It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks.It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人称概括为：
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt.She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food.But Paul disagreed.He said that food without salt would be tasteless.7.注意问题（1）避免重复
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在summary中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
（2）不要把自己的观点强行添加给作者（3）概述长度不要超过原文章的1/4（4）不要过多照搬原作者的用词，用句
（尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句）。
（5）最后检查一遍，确保文中没有语病，没有语法错误和拼写错误。
二、论文摘要
摘要的基本结构和内容 因为摘要本质上就是一篇高度浓缩的论文，所以其构成与论文主体的结构是对应的。因此，摘要应包括以下内容梗概：（1）目的：研究工作的前提、目的和任务, 所涉及的主题范围；（2）方法：所用的理论、条件、手段等；（3）结果（4）结果的分析、比较、评价、应用，提出的问题，今后的课题, 假设、启发、建议、预测等；（5）其他：不属于研究、研制、调查的主要目的，但具有重要的信息价值。
（一）引言部分 1.回顾研究背景
常用词汇有：review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。This paper outlines some of the basic discusses about…….2.阐明写作或研究目的 常用词汇有：purpose, attempt, aim等。另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。例如： To investigate the mechanism of…….3.介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围
常用的词汇有：study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。Here we study the…….This article includes a brief review of………
（二）方法部分 1.介绍研究过程 常用词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。We present an analysis of …….2.说明研究或试验方法
常用词汇有：measure, estimate, calculate等。We have developed a……model to estimate ……..This study presents estimates of……..（三）结果部分 1.展示研究结果
常用词汇有：show, result, present等。
We show this cell death to be dependent upon…… Our results suggest that…… 2.介绍结论
常用词汇有：summary, introduce, conclude等。
By means of a series of examples, we conclude that……
（四）讨论部分
1.陈述论文的论点和作者的观点
常用词汇有：suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。The results suggest that…… In this study, we describe …….2.阐明论证
常用词汇有：support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。3.推荐和建议
常用词汇有：suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总.开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念,然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面.关键看你要写多少字,概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内,分开概括.最后就是总结了.有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似,确实是这样,但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了.一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details。main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么？supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题。如何写英文摘要
概述
文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分
①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；
②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型
1)This paper deals with..2)This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc).3)This essay presents knowledge that...4)This thesis discusses...5)This thesis analyzes...6)This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on..8)This article gives an overview of...9)This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10)This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up 12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes..16)This essay represents the proceedings of.17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...?
27)This paper develops the theory of..28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This essay is related to...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of...37)This paper reports the latest information on..38)The author of this article reviews..39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this essay tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine..42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破题用语，一般有：
①The author of this article reviews(or: discusses, describes, summarizes, examines)something„
②This article has been prepared(or: designed, written)„.③The purpose of this article is to determine something„.④The problem of something is discussed „„.结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：
①The author suggests(recommends, concludes)that„„ ②This article shows that„.③It is suggested that„„.④The author's suggestion(or: conclusion)is that „ ⑤The author finds it necessary to „.
第三篇：英语summary
Fate is sometimes not very kind to policemen like myself.Take as an example the recent trial in which I was involved.When I arrested the young lad I had felt sure he was guilty I had been following him around for a couple of hours and he conduct himself suspiciously.He had been wandering about and it seemed to me that he was looking for an opportunity to steal.When I arrested him, his casual manner only served to confirm my suspicions.I thought I had at last caught the thief who had been troubling the area for so long.However, my joy was only temporary.When I saw the brilliant solicitor the boy's father had hired to defend him, I knew we didn't stand a chance.It turned out that the boy was simply a student who was looking for temporary employment before going to university.If only he had been a bit more helpful when we arrested him, he could have saved us all a lot of time and trouble.It's enough to make one turn against students!
Despite the vast amount of data available for us to download from the worldwide web, we still face a problem in how to make the best use of it.Data on its own has its limitations.It is only when nature is exposed to fruitful questions that we can hope to uncover her secrets.The evolution of science shows this clearly, with many of the most notable discoveries relying on the ability to view matters rather than simply gathering more facts.In short, half the answer lies in thinking up the right question.To my mind, in any analysis of the professions, few can match teaching.One needs to be energetic, certainly, for occasionally it seems one hardly has time to catch his breath.It can mean staying up late in order to get lessons prepared on time.Nonetheless, I am convinced that the work is more stimulating than that of my administrative colleagues.I certainly would not wish to switch, even though the pay is higher.With teaching, the pace of life is more varied, allowing greater time for reflection and research.Yet most of all it is the chance to see the spark of a fresh idea taking hold in a student's mind that is the most rewarding aspect of the job, repaying all one's efforts
It is difficult not to be affected by the tale of Sarah Morris.While her physical conditions made it difficult to interpret her speech, from her writing it would be impossible to spot that she suffers from such a severe handicap.Writing slowly with the help of a pointer fastened to her head, her maximum writing speed is no more than eight words per minute.Yet she still manages to write extensively on the team she grew up following.Straining her neck in the gloom of her room, surrounded by her computer equipment and a TV set, she has managed to rise above her situation against all the odds.I recall that it was something of an embarrassment to have my son find me so upset on that Wednesday long ago.He had come home expecting to have the place all to himself, only to find me there, frantic with worry about losing my job.I had assumed that I could master typing in just a few sessions, but it took much longer than I had expected.Try as I might, it seemed I just could not catch on to it in time.I suppose I should have enrolled on a correspondence course, as I did when learning to run the nursery, but by then it was too late.I felt helpless and the tension at work was becoming too much to bear, so in the end I just had to accept defeat and change jobs.Not that I gave up wanting to type.I went on practicing and eventually mastered it.The medicines the doctor prescribed for me tasted horrible.They were supposed to bring down my temperature, but when I heard how high it was I was terrified.I thought I was certain to die.I just didn't see how I could possibly overcome the illness.I couldn't stop worrying about it.All day I just gazed into space, feeling miserable.The fever made me shiver and gave my face a flush I couldn't take an interest in anything and felt very detached from everything around me.I thought my father must know I was going to die, but had said nothing, wanting me to keep from thinking about it.Finally I could bear it no longer and asked him how much longer I could live.When he explained my mistake, all my worries slid away.Only then was I really able to take it easy.I am still trying to figure out why we all behaved so badly on the night my neighbours tried to break into our family bomb shelter.It was frightening for us down there, hearing those we thought of as our friends heading for something to break down the shelter door.Even though we piled up all we could find against the door, I knew it would eventually give way.And it did.Should I hold it against them? After all, their reactions were born of fear and I would probably have behaved the same way in their shoes.Perhaps it would have been fairer to have drawn lots for who got to use the only shelter in the street, but I was never going to let that happen.I was as scared and selfish as the rest.It seems that underneath we are all more aggressive and greedy than we like to think.Many people are hostile to daydreaming, believing that it can interfere with the pursuit of success.They consider that daydreamers will never amount to much in their chosen careers.Recently, however, some experts have begun to argue that indulging in fantasy can have positive benefits.Daydreaming of success, they claim, can contribute to success.One technique they recommend is to picture yourself as you wish to be.Holding this vision clearly in your mind supposedly helps you make it come true.Of course, you should not neglect necessary study or work because daydreaming cannot substitute for hard work.Merely relying on daydreaming will not help you attain your goal.The beauty of the music was in sharp contrast with the reality of the lives led by the singers.Amid all their suffering, a group of Jewish prisoners had found the courage to stage performances of Verdi's Requiem.Despite the difficulties and dangers, they threw themselves enthusiastically into rehearsals, which had to be kept a secret.An additional difficulty was that they had only one instrument, an old harmonium.Their greatest triumph came when they performed before an audience containing the infamous Nazi official, Adolf Eichmann.Their voices swelled with passion as they threw in the faces of the Nazis words which sang of how they would have to pay for their crimes.If we look at the process of innovation, we will see how technology feeds on itself, accelerating the pace of technological advance in our own times.Technological innovation is comprised of three stages: invention, application and diffusion.One of the most important characteristics of advanced technology today is the fantastic speed that occurs between each of these stages.For example, nowadays the time it takes to put ideas to work has been greatly reduced.The progress in transportation is a case in point.Likewise, the time between the application and diffusion stages has been radically shorted.This accounts for the acceleration of present-day technology.And this, in turn, generates more feasible ideas.What sort of future will this process conjure up for us? Will the pace of change exceed our ability to cope with it? Or is it one of our characteristics that we have an impressive ability to adapt to change, no matter how frequent?
Dictation
One of the ways you can encourage children to be creative is to talk things over rather than to give instructions or make a model when they ask for help.If you show a child how to draw a flower or a person, they will try to draw one just like yours.This can be frustrating because no matter how hard children try, their pictures will not be as “good” as yours because they do not have the skill that you have.Chances are that children will compare the two pictures and not be happy with their own.They may even decide not to try.Be creative yourself and think of ways to encourage children's creativity.Baseball is America's national sport, played mainly by men.It developed in the mid 19th century from the British games of rounders and cricket.Baseball is also popular in Japan and several Latin American countries, and has been an Olympic sport since in 1972.Softball is similar but uses a large, softer ball and is popular with women.Many Americans play baseball for fun because players do not have to be strong like football players or tall like basketball players.Some people think baseball is too slow, but the team managers often change their players and plans during the game, and there are many exciting plays.Many American families enjoy going to a Sunday afternoon double-header, that is, two games between the same two teams in one day.The Terezin concentration camp was established by the Nazis in an 18th century fortress in Czechoslovakia on November 24, 1941.More than 150,000 Jews passed through the camp during its four-year existence, which was used as a holding area for eventual murder in Auschwitz.By 1943, rumors began circulating in the international community that the Nazis were exterminating Jews in gas chambers, and that the conditions of the concentration camps did not permit survival.The Nazis rebuilt parts of this camp to serve as a “showpiece” for propaganda purposes.Flowers were planted there.Shops, schools, and a cafe were built.When an investigating commission of the International Red Cross came to visit, they did not see a typical concentration camp.In July 1944 the Nazis made a documentary propaganda film about life in this camp.After the movie was completed, most of the Jewish “actors” were shipped to their death at Auschwitz.
第四篇：summary学术英语
A summary of Text 12
Title:How Radiation Threatens Health
Author:Nina Bai
Source:Scientific American, 15 March, 2010
Summary:
The radiation leaks at Fukushima makes people feel worried, and it’s necessary to know that the health effects caused by radiation exposure depend on its level, type and duration.Every person is exposed some background radiation from natural but only beyond this level people can get radiation sickness.At the same time, the radiation which takes different forms is produced by different heavy isotopes.On the other hand, the exposure time is so important that high single dose of radiation can do much more harm to human than the same dosage accumulate overtime.Last but not least, the government should remember the Chernobyl’s lessons but we’d better not do too many extra measures to make people feel scared.(124 words)
第五篇：Summary 商务英语实习总结
Summary As the original arrangement, our business English combined skills training has already achieved success completely during the two weeks.Although it seems that it is the limited time to practice more but we could obtain the various opportunities for our higher level of the business English.Meanwhile, according to the different performance of the privacy, I should make a comment about my whole training task by the procedure of all parts of in the combined skills.It is no doubt that it is the very important part of the business negotiation.Certainly, I will specially remember the script and the play because I nearly spent a week to arrange the whole text.From the beginning task to the end of the presentation, it is difficult to be relaxed but I always seek for the spare-time to enhance the efficiency work.For instance, our members' discourses that could be repairing the discourse making the arrangement of the business negotiation, putting up the final script clearly.Until we all have been familiar with the plan, it is not the usual day that we can't forget forever.As to the achievements I am conscious on the negotiation skills and the imitation the formal format.Therefore, I have learned the basic skills and the operation by the introductory explanation in the lectures.After that, I have taken the notes on the main points that will be useful for me.If I could take the activities on, I think it is not a problem.I just make the estimate on the two parts including the work in the first week and the conclusion phrase in the next week.Sometimes, I am interested in the busy procedure.One day, I were suddenly noticed to help our groups taking the material bags and the diary books, and to my surprised, I need to go to the zone of the original university that I could spend a day or more money, which is something immediate to me in such a confused situation.However, I really consider the intense preparation of the whole processes, and I adjust myself to overcome the difficulties.Finally, I come back our classroom in time because I have two classes in the afternoon.In fact, it is not only applied to the method in our campus, but it also replied the social problem
and practical matter as the same way as our embarrassed situation.Sometimes, many details I should be concentrated on because I always ignore such the trifling matters.At least, I would be more confident and optimistic through the series of phrase in the skills training.When I involve in the translation phrase I really understand the significance and the meaning of the translation.Just examination of our expertise area, it would be exposure of the key points.Certainly, I should keep up with the strength of the physical and psychological completing all the tasks.If we wanted to make the perfect, we should take more exercise.And then it is completely necessary to increase our skills in this area, nevertheless, we could not have trained to be an excellent translation we also continue to have an effort on the career.But if I had no plan to involve in the reference work, at least, I had yet received more other ability to make the prospect future something or not.As we all known, it takes us one minute to the stage but we should spend ten years before that.Finally, we just admire the spirit of the dedication that we will benefit from the contribution of the true heart.Additionally, I have learned from the power of the organization that is always unify, which we need to be accordance with each other.To some extent, with the good situation, certainly, we should work hard to help with each other, that is to say, we should contribute just our little strength to improve the efficiency work.In a word, the process I feel a little toilsome but I had gained a lot of obtainment that are satisfied by me.However, among of the procedure, I also find many problems that are needed to improve continuing, and I would make encouragement on the final compliment in a long term.俸翠红
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