十七大报告中英文对照版

第一篇：十七大报告中英文对照版

高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗

Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism With Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Properous Society in All Respects

Speech by Hu Jintao to the 17th National Congress October 15, 2007 同志们，现在，我代表第十六届中央委员会向大会作报告。Comrades, Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会，是在我国改革发展关键阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。

The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development.The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，是当代中国发展进步的旗帜，是全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜。解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，改革开放是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力，科学发展、社会和谐是发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求，全面建设小康社会是党和国家到二零二零年的奋斗目标，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。

The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor.Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a fundamental goal for the Party and the state to reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.当今世界正在发生广泛而深刻的变化，当代中国正在发生广泛而深刻的变革。机遇前所未有，挑战也前所未有，机遇大于挑战。全党必须坚定不移地高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，带领人民从新的历史起点出发，抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，求真务实，锐意进取，继续全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化，完成时代赋予的崇高使命。

The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation.This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented-challenges, with the former outweighing the latter.The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and pragmatic, forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.一、过去五年的工作

I.The Work of the Past Five Years 十六大以来的五年是不平凡的五年。面对复杂多变的国际环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展任务，党带领全国各族人民，高举邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想伟大旗帜，战胜各种困难和风险，开创了中国特色社会主义事业新局面，开拓了马克思主义中国化新境界。

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The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period.In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.十六大确立“三个代表”重要思想的指导地位，作出全面建设小康社会的战略决策。为贯彻十六大精神，中央召开七次全会，分别就深化机构改革、完善社会主义市场经济体制、加强党的执政能力建设、制定“十一五”规划、构建社会主义和谐社会等关系全局的重大问题作出决定和部署，提出并贯彻科学发展观等重大战略思想，推动党和国家工作取得新的重大成就。

At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately prosperous society in ail respects.In order to implement the guiding principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened sessions, at which it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society;and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.All this helped the Party and the state score great new achievements.经济实力大幅提升。经济保持平稳快速发展，国内生产总值年均增长百分之十以上，经济效益明显提高，财政收入连年显著增加，物价基本稳定。社会主义新农村建设扎实推进，区域发展协调性增强。创新型国家建设进展良好，自主创新能力较大提高。能源、交通、通信等基础设施和重点工程建设成效显著。载人航天飞行成功实现。能源资源节约和生态环境保护取得新进展。“十五”计划胜利完成，“十一五”规划进展顺利。

Economic strength increased substantially.The economy sustained steady and rapid growth.The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%.Economic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stable.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced.The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation.Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects.Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted.Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation.The Tenth Five-Year Plan(2001-05)was fulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.改革开放取得重大突破。农村综合改革逐步深化，农业税、牧业税、特产税全部取消，支农惠农政策不断加强。国有资产管理体制、国有企业和金融、财税、投资、价格、科技等领域改革取得重大进展。非公有制经济进一步发展。市场体系不断健全，宏观调控继续改善，政府职能加快转变，进出口总额大幅增长，实施走出去战略迈出坚实步伐，开放型经济进入新阶段。

Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.Comprehensive reforms in rural areas gradually deepened;agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country;and policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance, taxation, investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology.The non-public sector of the economy grew stronger.A sound market system was being put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation of government functions was accelerated.The total volume of imports and exports increased sharply.Solid steps were taken in implementing the “go global” strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.http://www.xiexiebang.com 2

人民生活显著改善。城乡居民收入较大增加，家庭财产普遍增多，城乡居民最低生活保障制度初步建立，贫困人口基本生活得到保障，居民消费结构优化，衣食住行用水平不断提高，享有的公共服务明显增强。

Living standards improved significantly.Both urban and rural incomes increased considerably, and most families had more property than before.The system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place, guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor.Residents improved their consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing, transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public services.民主法制建设取得新进步。政治体制改革稳步推进，人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度不断完善，基层民主活力增强，人权事业健康发展，爱国统一战线发展壮大，中国特色社会主义法律体系基本形成，依法治国基本方略切实贯彻，行政管理体制、司法体制改革不断深化。

Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system.Political restructuring progressed steadily.Constant improvement was made in the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of regional ethnic autonomy.Primary-level democracy increased its vitality.The cause of human rights witnessed sound development: The patriotic united front grew stronger.A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was basically in place.The rule of law was effectively implemented as a fundamental principle.Reform of the government administration system and the judicial system continued to deepen.文化建设开创新局面。社会主义核心价值体系建设扎实推进，马克思主义理论研究和建设工程成效明显，思想道德建设广泛开展，全社会文明程度进一步提高，文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发展，人民精神文化生活更加丰富，全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。

A new situation was created in cultural development.Efforts to establish the system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory.Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of society became more culturally advanced.Cultural restructuring made important progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly, and the people enjoyed a richer cultural life.Fresh progress was made in public fitness programs and competitive sports.社会建设全面展开。各级各类教育迅速发展，农村免费义务教育全面实现，就业规模日益扩大。社会保障体系建设进一步加强。抗击非典取得重大胜利，公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务不断健全，人民健康水平不断提高。社会管理逐步完善，社会大局稳定，人民安居乐业。

Social development proceeded in an all-round way.Education of various kinds and at different levels developed rapidly.Free compulsory education was made available in all rural areas.More job opportunities were created.The social security system was strengthened.The battle against SARS came to a great victory.The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved, contributing to better health of the people.Social management improved step by step.Social stability was ensured and the.people lived and worked in peace and contentment.国防和军队建设取得历史性成就。中国特色军事变革加速推进，裁减军队员额二十万任务顺利完成，军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设全面加强，履行新世纪新阶段历史使命能力显著提高。

Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and the armed forces.The revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics was accelerated.The armed forces were reduced by 200, 000 troops.Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new century.港澳工作和对台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，对内地经贸关系更加紧密。两岸政党交流成功开启，人员往来和经济文化交流达到新水平。制定反分裂国家法，坚决维护国家主权和领土完整。

Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified.Hong Kong and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer economic partnership with the mainland.Political parties on both sides of the

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Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high.The Anti-Secession Law was enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.全方位外交取得重大进展。坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，各项外交工作积极开展，同各国的交流合作广泛加强，在国际事务中发挥重要建设性作用，为全面建设小康社会争取了良好国际环境。

Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy.Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs.This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.党的建设新的伟大工程扎实推进。党的执政能力建设和先进性建设深入进行。理论创新和理论武装卓有成效。保持共产党员先进性教育活动取得重大成果。党内民主不断扩大。领导班子和干部队伍建设特别是干部教育培训取得重要进展，人才工作进一步加强，干部人事制度改革和组织制度创新不断深入。党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争成效明显。

The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress.Endeavors to strengthen the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature were intensified.Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with the achievements proved successful.The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results.Intra-Party democracy continued to expand.Major headway was made in strengthening the Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating and training cadres.Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened.Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make innovations in the organizational system.Remarkable results were achieved in improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption.在看到成绩的同时，也要清醒认识到，我们的工作与人民的期待还有不小差距，前进中还面临不少困难和问题，突出的是：经济增长的资源环境代价过大；城乡和区域、经济社会发展仍然不平衡；农业稳定发展和农民持续增收难度加大；劳动就业、社会保障、收入分配、教育卫生、居民住房、安全生产、司法和社会治安等方面关系群众切身利益的问题仍然较多，部分低收入群众生活比较困难；思想道德建设有待加强；党的执政能力同新形势新任务不完全适应，对改革发展稳定一些重大实际问题的调查研究不够深入；一些基层党组织软弱涣散；少数党员干部作风不正，形式主义、官僚主义问题比较突出，奢侈浪费、消极腐败现象仍然比较严重。我们要高度重视这些问题，继续认真加以解决。

While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems on our way forward.The outstanding ones include the following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of resources and the environment.There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and society.It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes.There are still many problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work safety, administration of justice and public order;and some low-income people lead a rather difficult life.More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks.In-depth investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical issues related to reform, development and stability.Some primary Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party cadres are not honest and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior: are still serious-problems with them.We must pay close attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve them.总起来说，这五年，是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是我国综合国力大幅提升和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响显著提高的五年，是党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力明显增强和全党全国各族人民团结更加紧密的五年。实践充分证明，十六大和十六大以来中央作出的各项重大决策是完全正确的。

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To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and the people enjoyed more tangible benefits.China's international standing and influence rose notably.The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups became more united.Facts have proved that the major policy decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are perfectly correct.五年来的成就，是全党全国各族人民共同奋斗的结果。我代表中共中央，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界爱国人士，向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，向一切关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示衷心的感谢！

Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.On behalf of the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive!

二、改革开放的伟大历史进程

II.The Great Historical Course of Reform and Qpening Up 我们即将迎来改革开放三十周年。一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。

We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and opening up.In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of reform and opening up.Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族；就是要推动我国社会主义制度自我完善和发展，赋予社会主义新的升级活力，建设和发展中国特色社会主义；就是要在引领当代中国发展进步中加强和改进党的建设，保持和发展党的先进性，确保党始终走在时代前列。

Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the productive forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and rejuvenate the great Chinese nation;to promote the self-improvement and development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism, and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;and to improve the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times.我们要永远铭记，改革开放伟大事业，是在以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体创立毛泽东思想，带领全党全国各族人民建立新中国、取得社会主义革命和建设伟大成就以及艰辛探索社会主义建设规律取得宝贵经验的基础上进行的。新民主主义革命的胜利，社会主义基本制度的建立，为当代中国一切发展进步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础。

We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our

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socialist revolution and.construction, and gained invaluable experience in its painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction.The victory in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.我们要永远铭记，改革开放伟大事业，是以邓小平同志为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体带领全党全国各族人民开创的。面对十年“文化大革命”造成的危难局面，党的第二代中央领导集体坚持解放思想、实事求是，以巨大的政治勇气和理论勇气，科学评价毛泽东同志和毛泽东思想，彻底否定“以阶级斗争为纲”的错误理论和实践，作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策，确立社会主义初级阶段基本路线，吹响走自己的路、建设中国特色社会主义的时代号角，创立邓小平理论，指引全党全国各族人民在改革开放的伟大征程上阔步前进。

We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the endeavor.1n a precarious situation left by the “cultural revolution”(1966-76), the second generation of central collective leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous theory and practice of “taking class struggle as the key link,'' and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening up.It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded the clarion call of the times for taking our own road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole Parry and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great journey of reform and opening up.我们要永远铭记，改革开放伟大事业，是以江泽民同志为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体带领全党全国各族人民继承、发展并成功推向二十一世纪的。从十三届四中全会到十六大，受命与重大历史关头的党的第三代中央领导集体，高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，坚持改革开放、与时俱进，在国内外政治**、经济风险等严峻考验面前，依靠党和人民，捍卫中国特色社会主义，创建社会主义市场经济新体制，开创全面开放新局面，推进党的建设新的伟大工程，创立“三个代表”重要思想，继续引领改革开放的航船沿着正确方向破浪前进。

We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried on, developed and successfully carried l into the 21st century by the Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this mission.From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and opening up and kept up with the times.Relying on the Party and the people, it stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new, socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up;and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course.十六大以来，我们以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，顺应国内外形势发展变化，抓住重要战略机遇期，发扬求真务实、开拓进取精神，坚持理论创新和实践创新，着力推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，完善社会主义市场经济体制，在全面建设小康社会实践中坚定不移地把改革开放伟大事业继续推向前进。

Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice.We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony, improved the socialist market economy，http://www.xiexiebang.com 6

and resolutely carried forward the great cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.新时期最鲜明的特点是改革开放。从农村到城市、从经济领域到其他各个领域，全面改革的进程势不可当地展开了；从沿海到沿江沿边，从东部到中西部，对外开放的大门毅然决然地打开了。这场历史上从未有过的大改革大开放，极大地调动了亿万人民的积极性，使我国成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折。今天，一个面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的社会主义中国巍然屹立在世界东方。

Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period.From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the process of sweeping reform has unfolded with irresistible momentum.From the coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened to the outside world.This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up.Today socialist China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the world and the future.新时期最显著的成就是快速发展。我们党实施现代化建设“三步走”战略，带领人民艰苦奋斗，推动我国以世界上少有的速度持续快速发展起来。我国经济从一度濒于崩溃的边缘发展到总量跃至世界第四、进出口总额位居世界第三，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，农村贫困人口从两亿五千多万减少到两千多万，政治建设、文化建设、社会建设取得举世瞩目的成就。中国的发展，不仅使中国人民稳定地走上富裕安康的广阔道路，而且为世界经济发展和人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。

Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period.The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization, leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid development at a rate rarely seen in the world.China's economy, once on the verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and its import and export volume, the third biggest.The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250 million to just over 20 million.The country's achievements in political, cultural and social development have captured world attention.China's development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world economy and the progress of human civilization.新时期最突出的标志是与时俱进。我们党坚持马克思主义的思想路线，不断探索和回答什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义，建设什么样的党、怎样建设党，实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大理论和实际问题，不断推进马克思主义中国化，坚持并丰富党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验。社会主义和马克思主义在中国大地上焕发出勃勃生机，给人民带来更多福祉，使中华民族大踏步赶上时代前进潮流、迎来伟大复兴的光明前景。

Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period.Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build.and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it.The Party has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience.Socialism and Marxism have shown great vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch.up with the trend of the times in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.事实雄辩地证明，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，是发展中国特色社会主义、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路；只有社会主义才能救中国，只有改革开放才能发展中国、发展社会主义、发展马克思主义。

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Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China that reform and opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.改革开放作为一场新的伟大革命，不可能一帆风顺，也不可能一蹴而就。最根本的是，改革开放符合党心民心、顺应时代潮流，方向和道路是完全正确的，成效和功绩不容否定，停顿和倒退没有出路。

As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or be accomplished overnight.Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.The orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and, their merits anal achievements taxi never be negated.To stop or reverse reform and opening up would only lead to a blind alley.在改革开放的历史进程中，我们党把坚持马克思主义基本原理同推进马克思主义中国化结合起来，把坚持四项基本原则同坚持改革开放结合起来，把尊重人民首创精神同加强和改善党的领导结合起来，把坚持社会主义基本制度同发展市场经济结合起来，把推动经济基础变革同推动上层建筑改革结合起来，把发展社会生产力同提高全民族文明素质结合起来，把提高效率同促进社会公平结合起来，把坚持独立自主同参与经济全球化结合起来，把促进改革发展同保持社会稳定结合起来，把推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业同推进党的建设新的伟大工程结合起来，取得了我们这样一个十几亿人口的发展中大国摆脱贫困、加快实现现代化、巩固和发展社会主义的宝贵经验。

In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles*(The Four Cardinal Principles are to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.)with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to the basic, system of socialism with developing the market, economy, effecting changes, in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity, pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization, promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party.In this course the Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing country of over one billion people.改革开放以来我们取得一切成绩和进步的根本原因，归结起来就是：开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，最根本的就是要坚持这条道路和这个理论体系。

To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Essentially, to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to this path and uphold this system.中国特色社会主义道路，就是在中国共产党领导下，立足基本国情，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，解放和发展社会生产力，巩固和完善社会主义制度，建设社会主义市场经济、社会主义民主政治、社会主义先进文化、社会主义和谐社会，建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。中国特色社会主义道路之所以完全正确、之所以能够引领中国发展进步，关键在于我们既坚持了科学社会主义的基本原则，又根据我国实际和时代特征赋予其鲜明的中国特色。在当代中国，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，就是真正坚持社会主义。

Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the

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socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country.The main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development, and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in light of China's conditions and the features of the times.In contemporary China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.中国特色社会主义理论体系，就是包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想以及科学发展观等重大战略思想在内的科学理论体系。这个理论体系，坚持和发展了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、凝结了几代中国共产党人带领人民不懈探索实践的智慧和心血，是马克思主义中国化最新成果，是党最可宝贵的政治和精神财富，是全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础。中国特色社会主义理论体系是不断发展的开放的理论体系。《共产党宣言》发表以来近一百六十年的实践证明，马克思主义只有与本国国情相结合、与时代发展同进步、与人民群众同命运，才能焕发出强大的生命力、创造力、感召力。在当代中国，坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系，就是真正坚持马克思主义。

Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.This system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices.It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups.It is an open system that keeps developing.Practices since the publication of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times arid is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal.In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.实践永无止境，创新永无止境。全党同志要倍加珍惜、长期坚持和不断发展党历经艰辛开创的中国特色社会主义道路和中国特色社会主义理论体系，坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，勇于变革、勇于创新，永不僵化、永不停滞，不为任何风险所惧，不被任何干扰所惑，使中国特色社会主义道路越走越宽广，让当代中国马克思主义放射出更加灿烂的真理光芒。

There is no end to practice or innovation.All Party members must cherish the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them.We must continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks, never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and-ensure that the truth of Marxism of-contemporary China shines even more brightly.三、深入贯彻落实科学发展观

III.Thoroughly Applying the Scientific Outlook on Development 在新的发展阶段继续全面建设小康社会、发展中国特色社会主义，必须坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观。

To continue to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at the new stage of development, we must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.http://www.xiexiebang.com 9

科学发展观，是对党的三代中央领导集体关于发展的重要思想的继承和发展，是马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现，是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针，是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。

The Scientific Outlook on Development is a continuation and development of the important thoughts on development advanced by the three generations of central collective leadership of the CPC and a concentrated expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to development.It is a scientific theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with the times.It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that we must uphold and apply in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.科学发展观，是立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情，总结我国发展实践，借鉴国外发展经验，适应新的发展要求提出来的。进入新世纪新阶段，我国发展呈现一系列新的阶段性特征，主要是：经济实力显著增强，同时生产力水平总体上还不高，自主创新能力还不强，长期形成的结构性矛盾和粗放型增长方式尚未根本改变；社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，同时影响发展的体制机制障碍依然存在，改革攻坚面临深层次矛盾和问题；人民生活总体上达到小康水平，同时收入分配差距拉大趋势还未根本扭转，城乡贫困人口和低收入人口还有相当数量，统筹兼顾各方面利益难度加大；协调发展取得显著成绩，同时农业基础薄弱、农村发展滞后的局面尚未改变，缩小城乡、区域发展差距和促进经济社会协调发展任务艰巨；社会主义民主政治不断发展、依法治国基本方略扎实贯彻，同时民主法制建设与扩大人民民主和经济社会发展的要求还不完全适应，政治体制改革需要继续深化；社会主义文化更加繁荣，同时人民精神文化需求日趋旺盛，人们思想活动的独立性、选择性、多变性、差异性明显增强，对发展社会主义先进文化提出了更高要求；社会活力显著增强，同时社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会建设和管理面临诸多新课题；对外开放日益扩大，同时面临的国际竞争日趋激烈，发达国家在经济科技上占优势的压力长期存在，可以预见和难以预见的风险增多，统筹国内发展和对外开放要求更高。

In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new requirements of development by analyzing China's own practice and drawing on the experience of other countries in development.At this new stage in the new century, China's development shows a series of new features which are mainly as follows: The economic strength has increased markedly, but the overall productivity remains low, the capacity for independent innovation is weak, and the longstanding structural problems and the extensive mode of growth are yet to be fundamentally addressed.The socialist market economy is basically in place, but there remain structural and institutional obstacles slowing down development;and further reform in difficult areas is confronted with deep-seated problems.A relatively comfortable standard of living has been achieved for the people as a whole, but the trend of a growing gap in income distribution has not been thoroughly reversed, there are still a considerable number of impoverished and low-income people in both urban and rural areas, and it has become more difficult to accommodate the interests of all sides.Efforts to balance development have yielded remarkable results, but the foundation of agriculture remains weak, the rural areas still lag behind in development, and we face an arduous task to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development and promote balanced economic and social development.Socialist democracy has continued to develop and we have made steady progress in implementing the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but efforts to improve democracy and the legal system fall somewhat short of the need to expand people's democracy and promote economic and social development, and political restructuring has to be deepened.Socialist culture is thriving as never before, but the people have growing cultural needs and have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking, setting higher requirements for the development of an advanced socialist culture.Our society has become evidently more dynamic, but profound changes have taken place in the structure of society, in the way society is organized and in the pattern of social interests, and many new issues have emerged in social development and management.China is opening wider to the outside world, but international competition is becoming

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increasingly acute, pressure in the.form of the economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a long tune to come, both predictable and unpredictable risks are increasing, and the need to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world is greater than ever.这些情况表明，经过新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来的不懈努力，我国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，从生产力到生产关系、从经济基础到上层建筑都发生了意义深远的重大变化，但我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变。当前我国发展的阶段性特征，是社会主义初级阶段基本国情在新世纪新阶段的具体表现。强调认清社会主义初级阶段基本国情，不是要妄自菲薄、自甘落后，也不是要脱离实际、急于求成，而是要坚持把它作为推进改革、谋划发展的根本依据。我们必须始终保持清醒头脑，立足社会主义初级阶段这个最大的实际，科学分析我国全面参与经济全球化的新机遇新挑战，全面认识工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展的新形势新任务，深刻把握我国发展面临的新课题新矛盾，更加自觉地走科学发展道路，奋力开拓中国特色社会主义更为广阔的发展前景。

All this shows that through the unremitting efforts we have made since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, particularly since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy, China has scored achievements in development that have captured World attention, and experienced far-reaching changes in the productive `forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure.However, the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come has not changed, nor has Chinese society's principal contradiction——the one between the over-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the low level of social production.The current features of development in China are a concrete manifestation of that basic reality at this new stage in the new century.Stressing recognition of the basic reality is not meant to belittle ourselves, wallow in backwardness, or encourage unrealistic pursuit of quick results.Rather,such recognition will serve as the basis of our endeavor to advance reform and plan for development.We must always remain sober-minded, base our efforts on the most significant reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, scientifically analyze the new opportunities and challenges arising from China's full involvement in economic globalization, fully understand the new situation and tasks in China's advance toward an industrialized, information-based, urbanized, market-oriented and internationalized country, have a good grasp of the new issues and problems we face in development, follow more conscientiously the path of scientific development, and strive to open up a broader vista for developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics.科学发展观，第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，基本要求是全面协调可持续，根本方法是统筹兼顾。The Scientific Outlook on Development takes development as its essence, putting people first as wits core, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development as its basic requirement, and overall consideration as its fundamental approach.——必须坚持把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务。发展，对于全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化，具有决定性意义。要牢牢扭住经济建设这个中心，坚持聚精会神搞建设、一心一意谋发展，不断解放和发展社会生产力。更好实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、可持续发展战略，着力把握发展规律、创新发展理念、转变发展方式、破解发展难题，提高发展质量和效益，实现又好又快发展，为发展中国特色社会主义打下坚实基础。努力实现以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展，实现各方面事业有机统一、社会成员团结和睦的和谐发展，实现既通过维护世界和平发展自己、又通过自身发展维护世界和平的和平发展。

——We must regard development as the top priority of the Party in governing arid rejuvenating the country.Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist modernization.We must firmly commit ourselves to the central task of economic development, concentrate on construction and developing the productive forces.We must better implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development.We must grasp the law of development, make innovations in our thinking, transform the mode of development, crack hard issues and.raise quality and

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efficiency to achieve: sound and rapid development, so that we can lay a solid foundation for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must strive for scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive, balanced and sustainable;we must strive for harmonious development by integrating all undertakings and promoting unity and amity among all members of society;and we must strive for peaceful development in the course of which China develops itself by safeguarding world peace and contributes to world peace by developing itself.——必须坚持以人为本。全心全意为人民服务是党的根本宗旨，党的一切奋斗和工作都是为了造福人民。要始终把实现好、维护好、发展好最广泛人民的根本利益作为党和国家一切工作的出发点和落脚点，尊重人民主体地位，发挥人民首创精神，保障人民各项权益，走共同富裕道路，促进人的全面发展，做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。

——We must always put people first.Serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the Party, and its every endeavor is for the well-being of the people.We must always make sure that the aim and outcome of all the work of the Party and the state is to realize, safeguard and expand the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.We must respect the principal position of the people in the country's political life, give play to their creativity, protect their rights and interests, take the path of prosperity for all and promote their all-round development, to ensure that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits.——必须坚持全面协调可持续发展。要按照中国特色社会主义事业总体布局，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，促进生产关系与生产力、上层建筑与经济基础相协调。坚持生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，实现速度和结构质量效益相统一、经济发展与人口资源环境相协调，使人民在良好生态环境中生产生活，实现经济社会永续发展。

——We must pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.In accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we will promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social development, coordinate all links and aspects of our modernization drive, and balance the relations of production with the productive forces and the superstructure with the economic base.We must adopt an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions, and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society that coordinates growth rate with the economic structure, quality and efficiency, and harmonizes economic growth with the population, resources and the environment, so that our people will live and work under sound ecological and environmental conditions and our economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.——必须坚持统筹兼顾。要正确认识和妥善处理中国特色社会主义事业中的重大关系，统筹城乡发展、区域发展、经济社会发展、人与自然和谐发展、国内发展和对外开放，统筹中央和地方关系，统筹个人利益和集体利益、局部利益和整体利益、当前利益和长远利益，充分调动各方面积极性。统筹国内国际两个大局，树立世界眼光，加强战略思维，善于从国际形势发展变化中把握发展机遇、应对风险挑战，营造良好国际环境。既要总揽全局、统筹规划，又要抓住牵动全局的主要工作、事关群众利益的突出问题，着力推进、重点突破。

——We must persist in overall consideration.We need to correctly understand and handle the major relationships in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and balance urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world.We must take into overall consideration the relationships between the central and local authorities, between personal and collective interests, between interests of the part and those of the whole, and between immediate and long-term interests, so as to fully arouse the initiative of all sides.We must take both the domestic and international situations into consideration, develop a global and strategic perspective, be good at seizing opportunities for development and coping with risks and challenges in a changing world, and work far a favorable international environment.While planning our work from an overall perspective, we

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need to work hard to make breakthroughs on the key issues that affect the overall situation and on the major problems that affect public interests.深入贯彻落实科学发展观，要求我们始终坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线。党的基本路线是党和国家的生命线，是实现科学发展的政治保证。以经济建设为中心是兴国之要，是我们党、我们国家兴旺发达和长治久安的根本要求；四项基本原则是立国之本，是我们党、我们国家生存发展的政治基石；改革开放是强国之路，是我们党、我们国家发展进步的活力源泉。要坚持把以经济建设为中心同四项基本原则、改革开放这两个基本点统一于发展中国特色社会主义的伟大实践，任何时候都决不能动摇。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must always adhere to the Party's basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as ”one central task and two basic points.“ As the lifeblood of the Party and the country, this basic line provides the political guarantee for scientific development.Taking economic development as the central task is vital to invigorating our nation and is the fundamental requirement for the robust growth and lasting stability of the Party and the nation.The Four Cardinal Principles are the very foundation for building our country and the political cornerstone for the survival and development of the Party and the nation.Reform and opening up are the path to a stronger China and the source of vitality for the Party and the nation in development and progress.We will continue to apply the line of ”one central task and two basic points“ in its entirety in our great endeavor to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;we will never deviate from this line.深入贯彻落实科学发展观，要求我们积极构建社会主义和谐社会。社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。科学发展和社会和谐是内在统一的。没有科学发展就没有社会和谐，没有社会和谐也难以实现科学发展。构建社会主义和谐社会是贯穿中国特色社会主义事业全过程的长期历史任务，是在发展的基础上正确处理各种社会矛盾的历史过程和社会结果。要通过发展增加社会物质财富、不断改善人民生活，又要通过发展保障社会公平正义、不断促进社会和谐。实现社会公平正义是中国共产党人的一贯主张，是发展中国特色社会主义的重大任务。要按照民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的总要求和共同建设、共同享有的原则，着力解决人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题，努力形成全体人民各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处的局面，为发展提供良好社会环境。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must work energetically to build a harmonious socialist society.Social harmony is an essential attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Scientific development and social harmony are integral to each other and neither is possible without the other.Building a harmonious socialist society is a historical mission throughout the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as a historical process and the social outcome of correctly handling various social problems on the basis of development.It is through development that we will increase the material wealth of society and constantly improve people's lives, and it is again through development that we will guarantee social equity and justice and constantly promote social harmony.To realize social equity and justice is the Chinese Communists' consistent position and a major task of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.In accordance with the general requirements for democracy and the rule of law, equity and justice, honesty and fraternity, vigor and vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature and the principle of all the people building and sharing a harmonious socialist society, we will spare no effort to solve the mast specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people and strive to create a situation in which alI people do their best, find their proper places in society and live together in harmony, so as to provide a favorable social environment for development.深入贯彻落实科学发展观，要求我们继续深化改革开放。要把改革创新精神贯彻到治国理政各个环节，毫不动摇地坚持改革方向，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性。要完善社会主义市场经济体制，推进各方面体制改革创新，加快重要领域和关键环节改革步伐，全面提高开放水平，着力构建充满活力、富有效率、更加开放、有利

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于科学发展的体制机制，为发展中国特色社会主义提供强大动力和体制保障。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点，使改革始终得到人民拥护和支持。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must continue to deepen reform and opening up.We need to incorporate the spirit of reform and innovation into all links of governance;unswervingly adhere to the orientation of reform, and have more scientific decision-making and better coordinated measures for reform.We will improve the socialist market economy, promote institutional reform and innovation in various sectors, accelerate reform in important fields and crucial links, improve opening up in all respects and make our systems and mechanisms full of vigor, highly efficient, more open and conducive to scientific development, so as to provide a powerful driving force and an institutional guarantee for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We will always take improving people's lives as a pivotal task in balancing reform, development and stability and ensure that our reform always has the endorsement and support of the people.深入贯彻落实科学发展观，要求我们切实加强和改进党的建设。要站在完成党执政兴国使命的高度，把提高党的执政能力、保持和发展党的先进性，体现到领导科学发展、促进社会和谐上来，落实到引领中国发展进步、更好代表和实现最广大人民的根本利益上来，使党的工作和党的建设更加符合科学发展观的要求，为科学发展提供可靠的政治和组织保障。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must strengthen our efforts to build the Party in earnest.As is required by the Party's lofty mission of governing and rejuvenating the nation, our efforts to improve the Party's governance capability and maintain and develop its vanguard nature must serve our task of directing scientific development, promoting social harmony, guiding development and progress in China arid better representing and realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.In this way, the Party's work and our efforts to build the Party will better meet the requirement of the Scientific Outlook on Development and provide a reliable political and organizational guarantee for scientific development.全党同志要全面把握科学发展观的科学内涵和精神实质，增强贯彻落实科学发展观的自觉性和坚定性，着力转变不适应不符合科学发展观的思想观念，着力解决影响和制约科学发展的突出问题，把全社会的发展积极性引导到科学发展上来，把科学发展观贯彻落实到经济社会发展各个方面。

All Party members must fully understand the content and grasp the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development, be more conscious and determined in applying it, change notions that are not in line with it, work hard to solve major problems that affect or constrain scientific development, direct the whole society's enthusiasm for development to scientific development, and apply this outlook to every aspect of economic and social development.四、实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求

IV.New Requirements for Attaining the Goal of Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects 我们已经朝着十六大确立的全面建设小康社会的目标迈出了坚实步伐，今后要继续努力奋斗，确保到二0二0年实现全面建成小康社会的奋斗目标。

We have made steady progress toward the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set at the Sixteenth Congress, and we will continue to work hard to ensure its attainment by 2020.我们必须适应国内外形势的新变化，顺应各族人民过上更好生活的新期待，把握经济社会发展趋势和规律，坚持中国特色社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设的基本目标和基本政策构成的基本纲领，在十六大确立的全面建设小康社会目标的基础上对我国发展提出新的更高要求。

In keeping with changes in domestic and international situations and in light of the expectations of the people of all ethnic groups for a better life, we must follow the trend and laws of economic and social development, uphold the basic program consisting of the basic objectives and policies For economic, political, cultural and social development under socialism with

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Chinese characteristics, and set new and higher requirements for China's development on the basis of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set at the Sixteenth Congress.——增强发展协调性，努力实现经济又好又快发展。转变发展方式取得重大进展，在优化结构、提高效益、降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，实现人均国内生产总值到二0二0年比二000年翻两番。社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。自主创新能力显著提高，科技进步对经济增长的贡献率大幅上升，进入创新型国家行列。居民消费率稳步提高，形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动的增长格局。城乡、区域协调互动发展机制和主体功能区布局基本形成。社会主义新农村建设取得重大进展。城镇人口比重明显增加。

——Promote balanced development to ensure sound and rapid economic growth.The development pattern will be significantly transformed.We will quadruple the per capita GDP of the year 2000 by 2020 through optimizing the economic structure and improving economic returns while reducing consumption of resources and protecting the environment.The socialist market economy will be improved.We will greatly enhance our capacity for independent innovation, enabling scientific and technological advancement to contribute much more to economic growth and making China an innovative country.The ratio of consumption to GDP will increase steadily, and consumption, investment and export will be coordinated to boost economic growth.A mechanism for urban and rural areas and for different regions to have balanced and interactive development and a layout of development priority zones will be basically in place.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside will make significant headway.The proportion of urban residents will notably increase.——扩大社会主义民主，更好保障人民权益和社会公平正义。公民政治参与有序扩大。依法治国基本方略深入落实，全社会法制观念进一步增强，法治政府建设取得新成效。基层民主制度更加完善。政府提供基本公共服务能力显著增强。

——Expand socialist democracy and better safeguard the people's rights and interests as well as social equity and justice.Citizens' participation in.political affairs will expand in an orderly way.The rule of law will be carried out more thoroughly as a fundamental principle, public awareness of law will be further enhanced, and fresh progress will be made in government administration based on the rule of law.Primary-level democracy will be improved.The government will markedly enhance its capability of providing basic public services.——加强文化建设，明显提高全民族文明素质。社会主义核心价值体系深入人心，良好思想道德风尚进一步弘扬。覆盖全社会的公共文化服务体系基本建立，文化产业占国民经济比重明显提高、国际竞争力显著增强，适应人民需要的文化产品更加丰富。

——Promote cultural development and notably enhance the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation.Socialist core values will prevail among the people, and fine ideological and ethical trends will be encouraged.A basic system of public cultural services will cover the whole society, the cultural industry will account for much more of the national economy and become more competitive internationally, and a more abundant supply of cultural products will be available to meet the people's needs.——加快发展社会事业，全面改善人民生活。现代国民教育体系更加完善，终身教育体系基本形成，全民受教育程度和创新人才培养水平明显提高。社会就业更加充分。覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系基本建立，人人享有基本生活保障。合理有序的收入分配格局基本形成，中等收入者占多数，绝对贫困现象基本消除。人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。社会管理体系更加健全。

——Accelerate the development of social programs and improve every aspect of the people's well-being.The modern system of national education will be further improved, a basic system for lifelong education will be in place, the educational attainment of the whole nation will rise to a much higher level, and the training of innovative personnel will be improved markedly.Employment will be further expanded.A basic system of social security will cover both urban and rural residents so that everyone is assured of basic living standards.A reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution will be basically in

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place, with middle-income people making up the majority and absolute poverty basically eliminated.Everyone will have access to basic medical and health services.The system of social management will be further improved.——建设生态文明，基本形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式。循环经济形成较大规模，可再生能源比重显著上升。主要污染物排放得到有效控制，生态环境质量明显改善。生态文明观念在全社会牢固树立。

——Promote a conservation culture by basically forming an energy-and resource-efficient and environment-friendly structure of industries, pattern of growth and mode of consumption.We will have a large-scale circular economy and considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption.The discharge of major pollutants will be brought under effective control and the ecological and environmental quality will improve notably.Awareness of conservation will be firmly established in the whole of society.到二0二0年全面建设小康社会目标实现之时，我们这个历史悠久的文明古国和发展中社会主义大国，将成为工业化基本实现、综合国力显著增强、国内市场总体规模位居世界前列的国家，成为人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活质量明显改善、生态环境良好的国家，成为人民享有更加充分民主权利、具有更高文明素质和精神追求的国家，成为各方面制度更加完善、社会更加充满活力而又安定团结的国家，成为对外更加开放、更加具有亲和力、为人类文明作出更大贡献的国家。

When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one of the largest in the world.It will be a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment.Its citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements.China will have better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality coupled with stability and unity.The country will be still more open and friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human civilization.今后五年是全面建设小康社会的关键时期。我们要坚定信心，埋头苦干，为全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会打下更加牢固的基础。

The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We must enhance our confidence and work hard to lay a more solid foundation for success in building a moderately prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people.五、促进国民经济又好又快发展

V.Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy 实现未来经济发展目标，关键要在加快转变经济发展方式、完善社会主义市场经济体制方面取得重大进展。要大力推进经济结构战略性调整，更加注重提高自主创新能力、提高节能环保水平、提高经济整体素质和国际竞争力。要深化对社会主义市场经济规律的认识，从制度上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，形成有利于科学发展的宏观调控体系。

To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist market economy.We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness.We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.http://www.xiexiebang.com 16

（一）提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家。这是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键。要坚持走中国特色自主创新道路，把增强自主创新能力贯彻到现代化建设各个方面。认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，加大对自主创新投入，着力突破制约经济社会发展的关键技术。加快建设国家创新体系，支持基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究。加快建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系，引导和支持创新要素向企业集聚，促进科技成果向现实生产力转化。深化科技管理体制改革，优化科技资源配置，完善鼓励技术创新和科技成果产业化的法制保障、政策体系、激励机制、市场环境。实施知识产权战略。充分利用国际科技资源。进一步营造鼓励创新的环境，培养造就世界一流科学家和科技领军人才，使创新智慧竞相迸发、创新人才大量涌现。

1.Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country.This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength.We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization.We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20), increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development.We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare.We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces.We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production.We will implement the strategy for intellectual property rights.We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology.We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, inspire creative wisdom and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel.二）加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。这是关系国民经济全局紧迫而重大的战略任务。要坚持走中国特色新兴工业化道路，坚持扩大国内需求特别是消费需求的方针，促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变，由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。发展现代产业体系，大力推进信息化与工业化融合，促进工业由大变强，振兴装备制造业，淘汰落后生产能力；提升高新技术产业，发展信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等产业；发展现代服务业，提高服务业比重和水平；加强基础产业基础设施建设，加快发展现代能源产业和综合运输体系。确保产品质量和安全。鼓励发展具有国际竞争力的大企业集团。

2.Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure.This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole.We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving farce to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management.We will develop a modern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grove stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities.We will upgrade new-and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries.We will develop the modern

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service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy.We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system.We will ensure the quality and safety of products.We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.（三）统筹城乡发展，推进社会主义新农村建设。解决好农业、农村、农民问题，事关全面建设小康社会大局，必须始终作为全党工作的重中之重。要加强农业基础地位，走中国特色农业现代化道路，建立以工促农、以城带乡长效机制，形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局。坚持把发展现代农业、繁荣农村经济作为首要任务，加强农村基础设施建设，健全农村市场和农业服务体系。加大支农惠农政策力度，严格保护耕地，增加农业投入，促进农业科技进步，增强农业综合生产能力，确保国家粮食安全。加强动植物疫病防控，提高农产品质量安全水平。以促进农民增收为核心，发展乡镇企业，壮大县域经济，多渠道转移农民就业。提高扶贫开发水平。深化农村综合改革，推进农村金融体制改革和创新，改革集体林权制度。坚持农村基本经营制度，稳定和完善土地承包关系，按照依法自愿有偿原则，健全土地承包经营权流转市场，有条件的地方可以发展多种形式的适度规模经营。探索集体经济有效实现形式，发展农民专业合作组织，支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展。培育有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民，发挥亿万农民建设新农村的主体作用。

3.Balance urban and rural development and build a new socialist countryside.As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party.We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas.We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture.We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation.We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels.We will enhance poverty reduction through development.We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights.We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit.We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses.We will train a new type of farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.（四）加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力。坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，关系人民群众切身利益和中华民族生存发展。必须把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置，落实到每个单位、每个家庭。要完善有利于节约能源资源和保护生态环境的法律和政策，加快形成可持续发展体制机制。落实节能减排工作责任制。开发和推广节约、替代、循环利用的先进适用技术，发展清洁能源和可再生能源，保护土地和水资源，建设科学合理的能源资源利用体系，提高能源资源利用效率。发展环保产业。加大节能环保投入，重点加强水、大气、土壤等污染防治，改善城乡人居环境。加强水利、林业、草原建设，促进生态修复。加强应对气候变化能力建设，为保护全球气候作出新贡献。

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4.Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development.Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation.We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly.We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development.We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We will develop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently.We will develop environmental conservation industries.We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents.We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands and promote restoration of the ecosystems.We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.（五）推动区域协调发展，优化国土开发格局。缩小区域发展差距，必须注重实现基本公共服务均等化，引导生产要素跨区域合理流动。要继续实施区域发展总体战略，深入推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展。加强国土规划，按照形成主体功能区的要求，完善区域政策，调整经济布局。遵循市场经济规律，突破行政区划界限，形成若干带动力强、联系紧密的经济圈和经济带。重大项目布局要充分考虑支持中西部发展，鼓励东部地区带动和帮助中西部地区发展。加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展扶持力度。帮助资源枯竭地区实现经济转型。更好发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放和自主创新中的重要作用。走中国特色城镇化道路，按照统筹城乡、布局合理、节约土地、功能完善、以大带小的原则，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。以增强综合承载能力为重点，以特大城市为依托，形成辐射作用大的城市群，培育新的经济增长极。

5.Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development.To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions.Following the general strategy for regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones.In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas.In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop.We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted.We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation.Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones.Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with megacities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.http://www.xiexiebang.com 19

（六）完善基本经济制度，健全现代市场体系。坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，坚持平等保护物权，形成各种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进新格局。深化国有企业公司制股份制改革，健全现代企业制度，优化国有经济布局和结构，增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。深化垄断行业改革，引入竞争机制，加强政府监管和社会监督。加强建设国有资本经营预算制度。完善各类国有资产管理体制和制度。推进集体企业改革，发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济。推进公平准入，改善融资条件，破除体制障碍，促进个体、私营经济和中小企业发展。以现代产权制度为基础，发展混合所有制经济。加快形成统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系，发展各类生产要素市场，完善反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的生产要素和资源价格形成机制，规范发展行业协会和市场中介组织，健全社会信用体系。

6.Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system.We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other.We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence.We will deepen the reform of industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them.We will accelerate development of a budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets.We will press ahead with the reform of collective-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will promote equitable market access, improve the development of individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights.We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.（七）深化财税、金融等体制改革，完善宏观调控体系。围绕推进基本公共服务均等化和主体功能区建设，完善公共财政体系。深化预算制度改革，强化预算管理，健全中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的体制，加快形成统一规范透明的财政转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例，加大公共服务领域投入。完善省以下财政体制，增强基层政府提供公共服务能力。实行有利于科学发展的财税制度，建立健全资源有偿使用制度和生态环境补偿机制。推进金融体制改革，发展各类金融市场，形成多种所有制和多种经营形式、结构合理、功能完善、高效安全的现代金融体系。提高银行业、政权业、保险业竞争力。优化资本市场结构，多渠道提高直接融资比重。加强和改进金融监管，防范和化解金融风险。完善人民币汇率形成机制，逐步实现资本项目可兑换。深化投资体制改革，健全和严格市场准入制度。完善国家规划体系。发挥国家发展规划、计划、产业政策在宏观调控中的导向作用，综合运用财政、货币政策，提高宏观调控水平。

7.Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation.We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones.We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services.We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services.We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to

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scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment.We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial System that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security.We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive.We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts.We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules.We will improve the state planning system.We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.（八）拓展对外开放广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。坚持对外开放的基本国策，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好结合起来，扩大开放领域，优化开放结构，提高开放质量，完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系，形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争新优势。深化沿海开放，加快内地开放，提升沿边开放，实现对内对外开放相互促进。加快转变外贸增长方式，立足以质取胜，调整进出口结构，促进加工贸易转型升级，大力发展服务贸易。创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构，发挥利用外资在推动自主创新、产业升级、区域协调发展等方面的积极作用。创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营，加快培育我国的跨国公司和国际知名品牌。积极开展国际能源资源互利合作。实施自由贸易区战略，加强双边多边经贸合作。采取综合措施促进国际收支基本平衡。注重防范国际经济风险。

8.Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy.Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our ”bring in“ and ”go global“ strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization.We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas 'and upgrade that of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other.We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation-and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade.We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions.We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market.We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources.We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation.We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments.We must guard against international economic risks.实现国民经济又好又快发展，必将进一步增强我国经济实力，彰显社会主义市场经济的强大生机活力。

By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.六、坚定不移发展社会主义民主政治

VI.Unswervingly Developing Socialist Democracy

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人民民主是社会主义的生命。发展社会主义民主政治是我们党始终不渝的奋斗目标。改革开放以来，我们积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，我国社会主义民主政治展现出更加旺盛的生命力。政治体制改革作为我国全面改革的重要组成部分，必须随着经济社会发展而不断深化，与人民政治参与积极性不断提高相适应。要坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度，不断推进社会主义政治制度自我完善和发展。

People’s democracy is the lifeblood of socialism.The Party has been consistently pursuing the goal of developing socialist democracy.Since China began its reform and opening up, we have made vigorous yet steady efforts to promote political restructuring, and socialist democracy has demonstrated greater vitality in the country.As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and social development to adapt to the growing enthusiasm of the people for participation in political affairs.We must keep to the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law.We must uphold and improve the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society.All this will promote continuous self-improvement and development of the socialist political system.深化政治体制改革，必须坚持正确政治方向，以保证人民当家作主为根本，以增强党和国家活力、调动人民积极性为目标，扩大社会主义民主，建设社会主义法治国家，发展社会主义政治文明。要坚持党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平，保证党领导人民有效治理国家；坚持国家一切权力属于人民，从各个层次、各个领域扩大公民有序政治参与，最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家事务和社会事务、管理经济和文化事业；坚持依法治国基本方略，树立社会主义法治理念，实现国家各项工作法治化，保障公民合法权益；坚持社会主义政治制度的特点和优势，推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，为党和国家长治久安提供政治和法律制度保障。

In deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political orientation.On the basis of ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, we will expand socialist democracy, build a socialist country under the rule of law and develop socialist political civilization to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state and arouse the initiative of the people.We must uphold the Party's role as the core of leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters, and improve its capacity for scientific, democratic and law-based governance to ensure that the Party leads the people in effectively governing the country.We must ensure that all power of the state belongs to the people, expand the citizens' orderly participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, and mobilize and organize the people as extensively as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs in accordance with the law.We must uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance to ensure that all work of the state is based on the law and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens are safeguarded.We must maintain the features and advantages of the socialist political system and define institutions, standards and procedures for socialist democracy to provide political and legal guarantees of lasting stability for the Party and the country.（一）扩大人民民主，保证人民当家作主。人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心。要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。支持人民代表大会依法履行职能，善于使党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志；保障人大代表依法行使职权，密切人大代表同人民的联系，建议逐步实行城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表；加强人大常委会制度建设，优化组成人员知识结构和年龄结构。支持人民政协围绕团结和民主两大主题履行职能，推进政治协商、民主监督、参政议政制度建设；把政治协商纳入决策程序，完善民主监督机制，提高参政议政实效；加强政协自身建设，发挥协调关系、汇聚力量、建言献策、服务大局的重要作用。坚持各民族一律平等，保证民族自治地方依法行使自治权。推进

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决策科学化、民主化，完善决策信息和智力支持系统，增强决策透明度和公众参与度，制定与群众利益密切相关的法律法规和公共政策原则上要公开听取意见。加强公民意识教育，树立社会主义民主法制、自由平等、公平正义理念。支持工会、共青团、妇联等人民团体依照法律和各自章程开展工作，参与社会管理和公共服务，维护群众合法权益。

1.Expand people's democracy and ensure that they are masters of the country.The essence and core of socialist democracy are that the people are masters of the country.We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we need to carry out democratic election, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee.We must support people's congresses in performing their functions pursuant to law and effectively turn the Party's propositions into the will of the state through legal procedures.We must ensure that deputies to people's congresses exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law and maintain close ties with the general public.We propose that both urban and rural areas gradually adapt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of deputies to people's congresses.We must strengthen the institutions of standing committees of people's congresses and improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age.We will support the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in performing its functions centered on the two major themes of unity and democracy and improve the system of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs.We will incorporate political consultation in decision-making procedures, improve democratic oversight and ensure that the CPPCC participates in the deliberation and administration of state affairs more effectively.The CPPCC is encouraged to improve itself and play its important role in coordinating relations, pooling strengths, making proposals and serving the overall interests of the country.We must ensure equality among all ethnic groups and guarantee the right of ethnic autonomous areas to exercise autonomy pursuant to law.To ensure scientific and democratic decision-making, we will improve the information and intellectual support for it, increase its transparency and expand public participation in it.In principle, public hearings must be held for the formulation of laws, regulations and policies that bear closely on the interests of the public.We need to step up education about citizenship and establish socialist concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We support trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and other people's organizations in functioning in accordance with the law and their respective charters, participating in social management and public services and helping protect the people's legitimate rights and interests.（二）发展基层民主，保障人民享有更多更切实的民主权利。人民依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业，实行自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督，对干部实行民主监督，是人民当家作主最有效、最广泛的途径，必须作为发展社会主义民主政治的基础性工程重点推进。要健全基层党组织领导的充满活力的基层群众自治机制，扩大基层群众自治范围，完善民主管理制度，把城乡社区建设成为管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和的社会生活共同体。全心全意依靠工人阶级，完善以职工代表大会为基本形式的企事业单位民主管理制度，推进厂务公开，支持职工参与管理，维护职工合法权益。深化乡镇机构改革，加强基层政权建设，完善政务公开、村务公开等制度，实现政府行政管理与基层群众自治有效衔接和良性互动。发挥社会组织在扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用，增强社会自治功能。

2.Develop primary-level democracy and ensure that the people enjoy democratic rights in a more extensive and practical way.The most effective and extensive way for the people to be masters of the country is that they directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law to manage public affairs and public service programs at the primary level, practice self-management, self-service self-education and self-oversight, and exercise democratic oversight over cadres.Such practices must be emphasized and promoted as the groundwork for developing socialist democracy.We need to improve the dynamic mechanism of people's self-governance at the primary level under the leadership of primary Party organizations, expand the scope of self-governance, and improve the institution for democratic management, with a view to turning urban and

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rural neighborhoods into communities of social life that are well managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony.We must rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers' conferences as its basic form and increase transparency in factory affairs to support workers' participation in management and to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.We need to deepen institutional reforms at the town and township level to strengthen government authorities there and improve the systems for transparency in government and village affairs to bring about effective connection and beneficial interaction between government administration and primary-level self-governance.We also encourage social organizations to help expand the participation by the public and report on their petitions to improve the self-governance capability of society.（三）全面落实依法治国基本方略，加快建设社会主义法治国家。依法治国是社会主义民主政治的基本要求。要坚持科学立法、民主立法，完善中国特色社会主义法律体系。加强宪法和法律实施，坚持公民在法律面前一律平等，维护社会公平正义，维护社会主义法制的统一、尊严、权威。推进依法行政。深化司法体制改革，优化司法职权配置，规范司法行为，建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度，保证审判机关、检察机关依法独立公正地行使审判权、检察权。加强政法队伍建设，做到严格、公正、文明执法。深入开展法制宣传教育，弘扬法治精神，形成自觉学法守法用法的社会氛围。尊重和保障人权，依法保证全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利。各级党组织和全体党员要自觉在宪法和法律范围内活动，带头维护宪法和法律的权威。

3.Comprehensively implement the rule of law as a fundamental principle and speed up the building of a socialist country under the rule of law.The rule of law constitutes the essential requirement of socialist democracy.We must persist in scientific and democratic legislation to improve the socialist law system with Chinese characteristics.We will strengthen the enforcement of the Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority of the socialist legal system.We need to carry out government administration in accordance with the law.We need to deepen the reform of the judiciary system, optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, standardize judicial practices, and build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judiciary system to ensure that courts and procuratorates exercise their respective powers independently and impartially in accordance with the law.We need to improve the overall quality of judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel to ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized.We need to step up the education campaign to increase public awareness of law, and promote the spirit of the rule of law, creating a social environment in which people study, abide by and apply laws of their own accord.We must respect and safeguard human rights, and ensure the equal right to participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the law.Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must act under the Constitution and laws on their own initiative and take the lead in upholding the authority of the Constitution and laws.（四）壮大爱国统一战线，团结一切可以团结的力量。促进政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系的和谐，对于增进团结、凝聚力量具有不可替代的作用。要贯彻长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共的方针，加强同民主党派合作共事，支持民主党派和无党派人士更好履行参政议政、民主监督职能，选拔和推荐更多优秀党外干部担任领导职务。牢牢把握各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的主题，保障少数民族合法权益，巩固和发展平等团结协助和谐的社会主义民族关系。全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。鼓励新的社会阶层人士积极投身中国特色社会主义建设。支持海外侨胞、归侨侨眷关心和参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。

4.Expand the patriotic united front and unite with all forces that can be united.Promoting harmony in relations between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between our compatriots at home and overseas plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing unity and pooling strengths.Acting on the principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincere treatment of each other and the sharing of weal and woe, we will strengthen our cooperation with the democratic parties, support them and personages without party affiliation in better performing their

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functions of participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs and democratic oversight, and select and recommend a greater number of outstanding non-CPC persons for leading positions.Keeping in mind the objective of all ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, we must guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will fully implement the Party's basic principle for its work related to religious affairs and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and believers in promoting economic and social development.We encourage members of emerging social strata to take an active part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in caring about and participating in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.（五）加快行政管理体制改革，建设服务型政府。行政管理体制改革是深化改革的重要环节。要抓紧制定行政管理体制改革总体方案，着力转变职能、理顺关系、优化结构、提高效能，形成权责一致、分工合理、决策科学、执行顺畅、监督有力的行政管理体制。健全政府职责体系，完善公共服务体系，推行电子政务，强化社会管理和公共服务。加快推进政企分开、政资分开、政事分开、政府与市场中介组织分开，规范行政行为，加强行政执法部门建设，减少和规范行政审批，减少政府对微观经济运行的干预。规范垂直管理部门和地方政府的关系。加大机构整合力度，探索实行职能有机统一的大部门体制，健全部门间协调配合机制。精简和规范各类议事协调机构及其办事机构，减少行政层次，降低行政成本，着力解决机构重叠、职责交叉、政出多门问题。统筹党委、政府和人大、政协机构设置，减少领导职数，严格控制编制。加快推进事业单位分类改革。

5.Accelerate the reform of the administrative system and build a service-oriented government.The administrative reform is an important part of the efforts to deepen China's overall reform.We must lose no time in working out a master plan for it, with the focus on changing functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the setup and raising efficiency, and bring about a system which matches powers with responsibilities, divides work in a rational way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures smooth enforcement and effective oversight.We need to improve the government responsibility system and the public service system, promote e-government and strengthen social management and public services.We will accelerate the separation of the functions of the government from those of enterprises, state assets management authorities, public institutions and market-based intermediaries, standardize administrative practices, strengthen administrative law-enforcement agencies, reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval and standardize such procedures, and reduce government intervention in microeconomic operations.We will standardize the relationship between local departments directly under central government organs and local governments.We will step up our efforts to streamline government organs, explore ways to establish greater departments with integrated functions, and improve the mechanism of coordination and collaboration between government departments.We will downsize and standardize various organs for deliberation and coordination and their working offices, cut down levels of administration, minimize its costs, and address the problems of overlapping organizations and functions and conflicting policies from different departments.We will give overall consideration to the setup of Party committees and governments as well as that of people's congresses and CPPCC committees, reduce the number of their leading positions and strictly control their staffing.We will step up the restructuring of different categories of public institutions.（六）完善制约和监督机制，保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。确保权力正确行使，必须让权力在阳光下运行。要坚持用制度管权、管事、管人，建立健全决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调的权力结构和运行机制。健全组织法制和程序规则，保证国家机关按照法定权限和程序行使权力、履行职责。完善各类公开办事制度，提高政府工作透明度和公信力。重点加强对领导干部特别是主要领导干部、人财物管理使用、关键岗位的监督，健全质询、问责、经济责任审计、引咎辞职、罢免等制度。落实党内监督条例，加强民主监督，发挥好舆论监督作用，增强监督合力和实效。

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6.Improve the mechanism of restraint and oversight and ensure that power entrusted by the people is always exercised in their interests.Power must be exercised in the sunshine to ensure that it is exercised correctly.We must have institutions to govern power, work and personnel, and establish a sound structure of power and a mechanism for its operation in which decision-making, enforcement and oversight powers check each other and function in coordination.We will improve organic laws and rules of procedure to ensure that state organs exercise their powers and perform their functions and responsibilities within their statutory jurisdiction and in accordance with legal procedures.We will improve the open administrative system in various areas and increase transparency in government work, thus enhancing the people's trust in the government.We will focus on tightening oversight over leading cadres and especially principal ones, over the management and use of human, financial and material resources, and over key positions.We will improve the systems of inquiries, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and recall.We will implement the intra-Party oversight regulations, strengthen democratic oversight and give scope to the oversight role of public opinion, pooling forces of oversight from all sides to make it more effective.社会主义愈发展，民主也愈发展。在发展中国特色社会主义的历史进程中，中国共产党人和中国人民一定能够不断发展具有强大生命力的社会主义民主政治。

Democracy will keep developing along with the progress of socialism.In the historical course of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists and the Chinese people will surely advance socialist democracy that is full of vitality.七、推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣

VII.Promoting Vigorous Development and Prosperity of Socialist Culture 当今时代，文化越来越成为民族凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉、越来越成为综合国力竞争的重要因素，丰富精神文化生活越来越成为我国人民的热切愿望。要坚持社会主义先进文化前进方向，兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮，激发全民族文化创造活力，提高国家文化软实力，使人民基本文化权益得到更好保障，使社会文化生活更加丰富多彩，使人民精神风貌更加昂扬向上。

In the present era, culture has become a more and more important source of national cohesion and creativity and a factor of growing significance in the competition in overall national strength, and the Chinese people have an increasingly ardent desire for a richer cultural life.We must keep to the orientation of advanced socialist culture, bring about a new upsurge in socialist cultural development, stimulate the cultural creativity of the whole nation, and enhance culture as part of the soft power of our country to better guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enrich the cultural life in Chinese society and inspire the enthusiasm of the people for progress.（一）建设社会主义核心价值体系，增强社会主义意识形态的吸引力和凝聚力。社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义意识形态的本质体现。要巩固马克思主义指导地位，坚持不懈地用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装全党、教育人民，用中国特色社会主义共同理想凝聚力量，用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神鼓舞斗志，用社会主义荣辱观引领风尚，巩固全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础。大力推进理论创新，不断赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的实践特色、民族特色、时代特色。开展中国特色社会主义理论体系宣传普及活动，推动当代中国马克思主义大众化。推进马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，深入回答重大理论和实际问题，培养造就一批马克思主义理论家特别是中青年理论家。切实把社会主义核心价值体系融入国民教育和精神文明建设全过程，转化为人民的自觉追求。积极探索用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的有效途径，主动做好意识形态工作，既尊重差异、包容多样，又有力抵制各种错误和腐朽思想的影响。繁荣发展哲学社会科学，推进学科体系、学术观点、科研方法创新，鼓励哲学社会科学界为党和人民事业发挥思想库作用，推动我国哲学社会科学优秀成果和优秀人才走向世界。

1.Build up the system of socialist core values and make socialist ideology more attractive and cohesive.The system of socialist core values represents the essence of socialist ideology.We must consolidate the guiding position of Marxism，http://www.xiexiebang.com 26

persistently arm the whole Party with and educate the people in the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, rally the people with our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, inspire the people with patriotism-centered national spirit and with the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation, guide social ethos with the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and solidify the common ideological basis of the joint endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.We will make every effort to carry out theoretical innovation and give Marxism of contemporary China distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese nation and of the times.We will publicize the theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and take Marxism of contemporary China to the general public.We will carry on the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory to provide in-depth answers to major theoretical and practical questions and to bring up a group of Marxist theoreticians, especially young and middle-aged ones.We will incorporate the socialist core values into all stages of national education and the entire process of cultural and ethical progress to make them the targets pursued by the people of their own accord.We will explore effective ways of letting the system of socialist core values guide trends of thought and take the initiative in ideological work, respecting divergence and allowing diversity while effectively resisting the influence of erroneous and decadent ideas.We will develop philosophy and social sciences, promoting innovation in academic disciplines, academic viewpoints and research methods.We encourage people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the Party and the people, and we will introduce related outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars to the world arena.（二）建设和谐文化，培育文明风尚。和谐文化是全体人民团结进步的重要精神支撑。要积极发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术事业，坚持正确导向，弘扬社会正气。重视城乡、区域文化协调发展，着力丰富农村、偏远地区、进城务工人员的精神文化生活。加强网络文化建设和管理，营造良好网络环境。大力弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，以增强诚信意识为重点，加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德建设，发挥道德模范榜样作用，引导人民自觉履行法定义务、社会责任、家庭责任。加强和改进思想政治工作，注重人文关怀和心理疏导，用正确方式处理人际关系。动员社会各方面共同做好青少年思想道德教育工作，为青少年健康成长创造良好社会环境。深入开展群众性精神文明创建活动，完善社会志愿服务体系，形成男女平等、尊老爱幼、互爱互助、见义勇为的社会风尚。弘扬科学精神，普及科学知识。广泛开展全民健身运动。办好二00八年奥运会、残奥会和二0一0年世博会。

2.Foster a culture of harmony and cultivate civilized practices.A culture of harmony provides important intellectual support for the unity and progress of all our people.We must step up the development of the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and art, give correct guidance to the public and foster healthy social trends.We must balance cultural development between urban and rural areas and among different regions, focusing on enriching the cultural life in rural and remote areas and of rural migrant workers in cities.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture and foster a good cyber environment.We will promote patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology.With the emphasis on enhancing people's awareness of integrity, we will promote social ethics, professional codes of conduct, family virtues and individual morality, let paragons of virtue serve as role models for society, and guide people in conscientiously carrying out legal obligations and social and family responsibilities.We will strengthen and improve our ideological and political work, paying attention to compassionate care and psychological counseling and correctly handling interpersonal relations.We will mobilize all sectors of society in doing a good job of ideological and moral education among young people and create a favorable environment for their healthy development.We will carry out intensive activities to promote cultural and ethical progress among the public, improve the system of voluntary public services, and encourage practices such as upholding gender equality, respecting the elderly, caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and corning to the rescue of others even at risk to oneself.We will promote the scientific spirit and spread scientific knowledge.We will launch extensive public fitness programs and ensure the success of the 2008 Olympic Games and the Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.http://www.xiexiebang.com 27

（三）弘扬中华文化，建设中华民族共有精神家园。中华文化是中华民族生生不息、团结奋进的不竭动力。要全面认识祖国传统文化，取其精华，去其糟粕，使之于当代社会相适应、与现代文明相协调，保持民族性，体现时代性。加强中华优秀文化传统教育，运用现代科技手段开发利用民族文化丰富资源。加强对各民族文化的挖掘和保护，重视文物和非物质文化遗产保护，做好文化典籍整理工作。加强对外文化交流，吸收各国优秀文明成果，增强中华文化国际影响力。

3.Promote Chinese culture and build the common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.Chinese culture has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation.We must have a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture, keep its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national character and reflect changes of the times.We will further publicize the fine traditions of Chinese culture and use modern means of science and technology to exploit the rich resources of our national culture.We will explore and better protect the cultures of all ethnic groups, attach great importance to the protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage and do a good job collating ancient books and records.We will also strengthen international cultural exchanges to draw on the fine achievements of foreign cultures and enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.（四）推进文化创新，增强文化发展活力。在时代的高起点上推动文化内容形式、体制机制、传播手段创新，解放和发展文化生产力，是繁荣文化的必由之路。要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针，贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众，始终把社会效益放在首位，做到经济效益与社会效益相统一。创作更多反映人民主体地位和现实生活、群众喜闻乐见的优秀精神文化产品。深化文化体制改革，完善扶持公益性文化事业、发展文化产业、鼓励文化创新的政策，营造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的环境。坚持把发展公益性文化事业作为保障人民基本文化权益的主要途径，加大投入力度，加强社区和乡村文化设施建设；大力发展文化产业，实施重大文化产业项目带动战略，加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群建设，培育文化产业骨干企业和战略投资者，繁荣文化市场，增强国际竞争力。运用高新技术创新文化生活方式，培育新的文化业态，加快构建传输快捷、覆盖广泛的文化传播体系。设立国家荣誉制度，表彰有杰出贡献的文化工作者。

4.Stimulate cultural innovation and enhance the vitality of cultural development.The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovation in its content and form, its structure and mechanism, and its means of dissemination from the high staring point of our times and release and develop its productive forces.We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, uphold the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with reality, life and the public.We must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits.We must create more excellent, popular works that reflect the people's principal position in the country and their real life.We must deepen cultural restructuring and improve the policies for supposing nonprofit cultural programs, developing the cultural industry and encouraging cultural innovation, so as to create favorable conditions for producing fine works, outstanding personnel and good results.We must continue to develop nonprofit cultural programs as the main approach to ensuring the basic cultural tights and interests of the people, increase spending on such programs, and build more cultural facilities in urban-communities and rural areas.We must vigorously develop the cultural industry, launch major projects to lead the industry as a whole, speed up development of cultural industry bases and clusters of cultural industries with regional features, nurture key enterprises and strategic investors, create a thriving cultural market and enhance the industry's international competitiveness.We will use new and high technology to create new ways of producing cultural works, foster new forms of operation in the cultural industry and accelerate the establishment of a dissemination system featuring fast communication and wide coverage.We will establish a national system of honors for outstanding cultural workers.http://www.xiexiebang.com 28

中华民族伟大复兴必然伴随中华文化繁荣兴盛。要充分发挥人民在文化建设中的主体作用，调动广大文化工作者的积极性，更加自觉、更加主动地推进文化大发展大繁荣，在中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中进行文化创造，让人民共享文化发展成果。

The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will definitely be accompanied by the thriving of Chinese culture.We will give full scope to the principal position of the people in cultural development, arouse the enthusiasm of cultural workers, promote vigorous development and prosperity of culture more conscientiously and actively, and create cultural works in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the people will share in the benefits of cultural development.八、加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设

VIII: Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's Livelihood 社会建设与人民幸福安康息息相关。必须在经济发展的基础上，更加注重社会建设，着力保障和改善民生，推进社会体制改革，扩大公共服务，完善社会管理，促进社会公平正义，努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居，推动建设和谐社会。

Social development is closely related to the people's well-being.More importance must therefore be attached to social development on the basis of economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote social equity and justice.We must do our best to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, so as to build a harmonious society.（一）优先发展教育，建设人力资源强国。教育是民族振兴的基石，教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。要全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持育人为本、德育为先，实施素质教育，提高教育现代化水平，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，办好人民满意的教育。优化教育结构，促进义务教育均衡发展，加快普及高中阶段教育，大力发展职业教育，提高高等教育质量。重视学前教育。更新教育观念，深化教学内容方式、考试招生制度、质量评价制度等改革，减轻中小学生课业负担，提高学生综合素质。坚持教育公益性质，加大财政对教育投入，规范教育收费，扶持贫困地区、民族地区教育，健全学生资助制度，保障经济困难家庭、进城务工人员子女平等接受义务教育。加强教师队伍建设，重点提高农村教师素质。鼓励社会力量兴办教育。发展远程教育和继续教育，建设全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会。

1.Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human resources.Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity.We must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education.All this is designed to run education to the satisfaction of the people.We will optimize the educational structure, promote balanced development of compulsory educator, move faster toward universal access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education.We will also attach importance to pre-school education.We will update our views on education and deepen reform in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality.We will ease the study load of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality.We will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees, support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal access to compulsory education as other children.We will build up the ranks of teachers, with the emphasis an improving the quality of teachers in rural areas.Nongovernmental sectors are encouraged to operate educational programs.Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a satiety in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong learning.http://www.xiexiebang.com 29

（二）实施扩大就业的发展战略，促进以创业带动就业。就业是民生之本。要坚持实施积极的就业政策，加强政府引导，完善市场就业机制，扩大就业规模，改善就业结构。完善支持自主创业、自谋职业政策，加强就业观念教育，使更多劳动者成为创业者。健全面向全体劳动者的职业教育培训制度，加强农村富余劳动力转移就业培训。建立统一规范的人力资源市场，形成城乡劳动者平等就业的制度。完善面向所有困难群众的就业援助制度，及时帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难。积极做好高校毕业生就业工作。规范和协调劳动关系，完善和落实国家对农民工的政策，依法维护劳动者权益。

2.Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.We will continue to follow a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance, improve the market mechanism for employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure.We will improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the labor force will launch their own businesses.We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas.We will establish a unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents.We will improve employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help zero-employment families to have job opportunities.We will do our best to help college graduates find jobs.We will regulate and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with the law.（三）深化收入分配制度改革，增加城乡居民收入。合理的收入分配制度是社会公平的重要体现。要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，健全劳动、资本、技术、管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的制度，初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系，再分配更加注重公平。逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。着力提高低收入者收入，逐步提高扶贫标准和最低工资标准，建立企业职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制。创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。保护合法收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入。扩大转移支付，强化税收调节，打破经营垄断，创造机会公平，整顿分配秩序，逐步扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势。

3.Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents.Equitable income distribution is an important indication of social equity.We will adhere to and improve the system whereby distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with various other modes.We will improve the distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have a rightful share according to their respective contribution.A proper balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in redistribution.We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary distribution.Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees and a mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries.Conditions will be created to enable more citizens to have property income.We will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains.We will increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing income disparity.（四）加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，保障人民基本生活。社会保障是社会安定的重要保证。要以社会保险、社会救助、社会福利为基础，以基本养老、基本医疗、最低生活保障制度为重点，以慈善事业、商业保险为补充，加快完善社会保障体系。促进企业、机关、事业单位基本养老保险制度改革，探索建立农村养老保险制度。全面推进城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗制度建设。完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，逐步提高保障水平。完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。提高统筹层次，制定全国统一的社会保险关系转续办法。采取

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多种方式充实社会保障基金，加强基金监管，实现保值增值。健全社会救助体系。做好优抚安置工作。发扬人道主义精神，发展残疾人事业。加强老龄工作。强化防灾减灾工作。健全廉租住房制度，加快解决城市低收入家庭住房困难。

4.Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions.Social security is an important guarantee of social stability.We will step up the building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance, assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and commercial insurance.We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas.We will promote the development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas.We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and gradually increase such allowances.We will improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances.We will upgrade management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out unified methods for transferring social security accounts nationwide.We will provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their oversight and management to maintain and increase their value.We will improve social assistance.We will do a good job providing special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will promote programs for the disabled in a humanitarian spirit.We will develop more programs for the elderly.We will intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction.We will improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas.（五）建立基本医疗卫生制度，提高全民健康水平。健康是人全面发展的基础，关系千家万户幸福。要坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，坚持预防为主、以农村为重点、中西医并重，实行政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开，强化政府责任和投入，完善国民健康政策，鼓励社会参与，建设覆盖城乡居民的公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系、药品供应保障体系，为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。提高重大疾病防控和突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力。加强农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区卫生服务体系建设，深化公立医院改革。建立国家基本药物制度，保证群众基本用药。加强医德医风建设，提高医疗服务质量，确保食品药品安全。坚持计划生育的基本国策，稳定低生育水平，提高出生人口素质。开展爱国卫生运动，发展妇幼卫生事业。

5.Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the heath of the whale nation.Health provides the foundation for people's all-round development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family.We must maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services, always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We will separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve the national health policy and encourage greater participation of nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services, medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health services.We will enhance our capacity to prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases and respond to public health emergencies.We will improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform of public hospitals.We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals to ensure their supply: We will work harder to improve the professional ethics and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services.We must ensure food and drug safety.We will adhere to the basic state policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier.We will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for women and children.http://www.xiexiebang.com 31

六）完善社会管理，维护社会安定团结。社会稳定是人民群众的共同心愿，是改革发展的重要前提。要健全党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与的社会管理格局，健全基层社会管理体制。最大限度激发社会创造活力，最大限度增加和谐因素，最大限度减少不和谐因素，妥善处理人民内部矛盾，完善信访制度，健全党和政府主导的维护群众权益机制。重视社会组织建设和管理。加强流动人口服务和管理。坚持安全发展，强化安全生产管理和监督，有效遏制重特大安全事故。完善突发事件应急管理体制。健全社会治安防控体系，加强社会治安综合治理，深入开展平安创建活动，改善和加强城乡社区警务工作，依法防范和打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民生命财产安全。完善国家安全战略，健全国家安全体制，高度警惕和坚决防范各种分裂、渗透、颠覆活动，切实维护国家安全。

6.Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity.Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development.We need to improve the structure of social management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of social management at the primary level.We will stimulate the creativity of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize those detrimental to it.We will properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play the leading role.We will attach importance to the development and management of social organizations.We will improve services for and management of the floating population.We must ensure safe development by strengthening management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents.We will improve the mechanism of emergency management.We will improve the crime prevention and control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.We will improve the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in various forms to safeguard national security.和谐社会要靠全社会共同建设。我们要紧紧依靠人民，调动一切积极因素，努力形成社会和谐人人有责、和谐社会人人共享的生动局面。

It requires joint efforts of the whale society to build a harmonious society.We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to work for and benefits from social harmony.九、开创国防和军队现代化建设新局面

IX.Opening Up New Prospects for Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces 国防和军队建设，在中国特色社会主义事业总体布局中占有重要地位。必须站在国家安全和发展战略全局的高度，统筹经济建设和国防建设，在全面建设小康社会进程中实现富国和强军的统一。

To strengthen national defense and the armed forces occupies an important place in the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Bearing in mind the overall strategic interests of national security and development, we must take both economic development and national defense into consideration and make our country prosperous and our armed forces powerful while building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.全面履行党和人民赋予的新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，必须坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想、江泽民国防和军队建设思想为指导，把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，贯彻新时期军事战略方针，加快中国特色军事变革，做好军事斗争准备，提高军队应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力，坚决维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，为维护世界和平贡献力量。

For the armed forces to fully carry out the historical missions assigned by the Party and the people at this new stage in the new century, we must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the

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armed forces the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on building national defense and the armed forces，and take the scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national defense and the armed forces.We must implement the military strategy for the new period, accelerate the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics, ensure military preparedness, and enhance the military's capability to respond to various security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks.We are determined to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and help maintain world peace.军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设是统一的整体，必须全面加强、协调推进。要始终坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和人民军队的根本宗旨，深入进行军队历史使命、理想信念、战斗精神和社会主义荣辱观教育，大力弘扬听党指挥、服务人民、英勇善战的优良传统。坚持科技强军，按照建设信息化军队、打赢信息化战争的战略目标，加快机械化和信息化复合发展，积极开展信息化条件下军事训练，加紧培养大批高素质新型军事人才，切实转变战斗力生成模式。坚持依法治军、从严治军，完善军事法规，加强科学管理。

To make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized is an integrated endeavor, and balanced progress must be made in all the three aspects.We must always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces and the fundamental purpose of the armed forces serving the people.We will educate the military in its historical missions, ideals, beliefs, combat-ready spirit and the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and ensure that it carries forward its fine traditions of following the Party's orders, serving the people and fighting valiantly and skillfully.We must build strong armed forces through science and technology.To attain the strategic objective of building computerized armed forces and winning IT-based warfare, we will accelerate composite development of mechanization and computerization, carry out military training under IT-based conditions, intensify our efforts to train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers and change the mode of generating combat capabilities.We must run the armed forces in accordance with the law, enforce strict discipline, improve relevant laws and regulations arid strengthen scientific management.适应世界军事发展新趋势和我国发展新要求，推进军事理论、军事技术、军事组织、军事管理创新。调整改革军队体制编制和政策制度，逐步形成一整套既有中国特色又符合现代军队建设规律的科学的组织模式、制度安排和运作方式。调整改革国防科技工业体制和武器装备采购体制，提高武器装备研制的自主创新能力和质量效益。建立和完善军民结合、寓军于民的武器装备科研生产体系、军队人才培养体系和军队保障体系，坚持勤俭建军，走出一条中国特色军民融合式发展路子。深入研究新的历史条件下建军治军特点规律和人民战争战略战术，繁荣和发展军事科学。

In keeping with the new trends in world military affairs and the new requirements of China's development, we must promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization and management.We will adjust and reform the structure, staffing, policies and institutions of the armed forces to gradually develop a complete set of scientific modes of organization, institutions and ways of operation with Chinese characteristics and in conformity with the laws governing the development of modern armed forces.We will adjust and reform the systems of defense-related science, technology and industry and of weapons and equipment procurement, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation in R&D of weapons and equipment with better quality and cost-effectiveness.We will establish sound systems of weapons and equipment research and manufacturing, military personnel training and logistics that integrate military with civilian purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support, build the armed forces through diligence and thrift, and blare a path of development with Chinese characteristics featuring military and civilian integration.We will enrich and develop military sciences by carefully studying the features and laws of building and running the armed forces and the strategies and tactics for people's war under the new historical conditions.增强全民国防观念，加强国防动员建设，提高预备役部队和民兵建设质量。加强人民武装警察部队建设，更好履行维护国家安全和社会稳定、保障人民安居乐业的职责使命。坚持拥军优属、拥政爱民，巩固军政军民团结。各级党组织、政府和人民群众要一如既往支持国防和军队建设，军队要继续为经济社会发展作贡献。

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We will raise the people's awareness of national defense, improve national defense mobilization and enhance the quality of the reserves and the militia.We will strengthen the People's Armed Police so that it can better fulfill its duties of safeguarding national security and social stability and ensuring that the people live and work in peace.We must ensure that the government and the people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and that the military supports the government and cherishes the people, in order to consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.Party organizations and governments at all levels and the general public will, as always, support efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces, and the military will continue to contribute to economic and social development.十、推进“一国两制”实践和祖国和平统一大业

X.Carrying Forward the Practice of ”One Country, Two Systems“ and Advancing the Great Cause of Peaceful National Reunification 香港、澳门回归祖国以来，“一国两制”实践日益丰富。“一国两制”是完全正确的，具有强大生命力。按照“一国两制”实现祖国和平统一，符合中华民族根本利益。

Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, more and more experience has been gained in putting into practice the principle of “one country, two systems.” The principle is perfectly correct and full of vigor.To realize China's peaceful reunification on this principle accords with the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定是党在新形势下治国理政面临的重大课题。我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格按照特别行政区基本法办事；全力支持特别行政区政府依法施政，着力发展经济、改善民生、推进民主；鼓励香港、澳门各界人士在爱国爱港、爱国爱澳旗帜下和衷共济，促进社会和睦；加强内地与香港、澳门交流合作，实现优势互补、共同发展；积极支持香港、澳门开展对外交往，坚决反对外部势力干预香港、澳门事务。香港同胞、澳门同胞完全有智慧有能力管理好、建设好香港、澳门，香港、澳门已经并将继续为国家现代化建设发挥重要作用，伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门繁荣稳定的坚强后盾。

A major task the Party faces in running the country in the new circumstances is to ensure long-term prosperity and stability, in Hong Kong and Macao.We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will render full support to the governments of the two regions in their administration in accordance with the law and in their efforts to promote economic growth, improve people's lives and advance democracy.We encourage people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Macao to work with one accord to promote social amity under the banner of love for the motherland and devotion to their respective regions.We will increase exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two regions so that they can draw on each other's strengths and develop side by side.We will actively support the two regions in their external exchanges and firmly oppose attempts by any external force to interfere in their affairs.Our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, without doubt, have the wisdom and ability to successfully administer and develop their regions.Both regions have played and will continue to play an important role in China's modernization drive, and the great motherland will always provide them with strong backing for their prosperity and stability.解决台湾问题、实现祖国完全统一，是全体中华儿女的共同心愿。我们将遵循“和平统一、一国两制”的方针和现阶段发展两岸关系、推进祖国和平统一进程的八项主张，坚持一个中国原则决不动摇，争取和平统一的努力决不放弃，贯彻寄希望于台湾人民的方针决不改变，反对“台独”分裂活动决不妥协，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，真诚为两岸同胞谋福祉、为台海地区谋和平，维护国家主权和领土完整，维护中华民族根本利益。

To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve complete national reunification is a common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.We will uphold the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the

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eight-point proposal for developing the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification in the present stage.We will never waver in our commitment to the one-China principle, never abandon our efforts to achieve peaceful reunification never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence.” With a firm grasp of the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, we will sincerely work for the well-being of our compatriots on both sides of the Straits and for peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.坚持一个中国原则，是两岸关系和平发展的政治基础。尽管两岸尚未统一，但大陆和台湾同属一个中国的事实从未改变。中国是两岸同胞的共同家园，两岸同胞理应携手维护好、建设好我们的共同家园。台湾任何政党，只要承认两岸同属一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交流对话、协商谈判，什么问题都可以谈。我们郑重呼吁，在一个中国原则的基础上，协商正式结束两岸敌对状态，达成和平协议，构建两岸和平发展框架，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。

Upholding the one-China principle constitutes the political basis for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that they belong to one and the same China has never changed.China is the common homeland for the compatriots on both sides of the Straits, who have every reason to join hands to safeguard aid develop this homeland.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the Straits belong to one and the same China.Here we would like to make a solemn appeal, On the basis of the one-China principle, let us discuss a formal end to the state of hostility between the two sides, reach a peace agreement, construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and thus usher in a new phase of peaceful development.十三亿大陆同胞和两千三百万台湾同胞是血脉相连的命运共同体。凡是对台湾同胞有利的事情，凡是对维护台海和平有利的事情，凡是对促进祖国和平统一有利的事情，我们都会尽最大努力做好。我们理解、信赖、关心台湾同胞，将继续实施和充实惠及广大台湾同胞的政策措施，依法保护台湾同胞的正当权益，支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区经济发展。两岸同胞要加强交往，促进经济文化交流拓展领域、提高层次，推动直接“三通”，使彼此感情更融洽、合作更深化，为实现中华民族伟大复兴而共同努力。

The 1.3 billion people on the mainland and the 23 million people in Taiwan are of the same blood and share a common destiny.We will make every effort to achieve anything that serves the interests of our Taiwan compatriots, contributes to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and facilitates peaceful national reunification.We understand, trust and care about our compatriots in Taiwan, and we will, therefore, continue to implement and enrich the policies and measures that benefit them, protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, and support economic development on the west shore of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher Levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade, so that they will develop greater empathy and closer cooperation and work together for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.当前，“台独”分裂势力加紧进行分裂活动，严重危害两岸关系和平发展。两岸同胞要共同反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动。中国主权和领土完整不容分割。任何涉及中国主权和领土完整的问题，我们必须由包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民共同决定。我们愿以最大诚意、尽最大努力实现两岸和平统一，绝不允许任何人以任何名义任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。

At present, the forces for “Taiwan independence” are stepping up their secessionist activities, seriously jeopardizing the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.The compatriots on both sides need to work together to oppose and contain such activities.China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division, and any matter in this regard must be decided by the entire Chinese people including our Taiwan compatriots.We are willing to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to

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achieve peaceful reunification of the two sides, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name or by any means.两岸统一是中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史必然。海内外中华儿女紧密团结、共同奋斗，祖国完全统一就一定能够实现。

The two sides of the Straits are bound to be reunified in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With close solidarity and concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the complete reunification of the motherland will surely be achieved.十一、始终不渝走和平发展道路

XI.Unswervingly Following the Path of Peaceful Development 当今世界正处在大变革大调整之中。和平与发展仍然是时代主题，求和平、谋发展、促合作已经成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。世界多极化不可逆转，经济全球化深入发展，科技革命加速推进，全球和区域合作方兴未艾，国与国相互依存日益紧密，国际力量对比朝着有利于维护世界和平方向发展，国际形势总体稳定。

The world today is undergoing tremendous changes and adjustments.Peace and development remain the main themes of the present era, and pursuit of peace, development and cooperation has become an irresistible trend of the times.The progress toward a multipolar world is irreversible, economic globalization is developing in depth, and the scientific and technological revolution is gathering momentum.Global and regional cooperation is in full swing, and countries are increasingly interdependent.The international balance of power is changing in favor of the maintenance of world peace, and the overall international situation is stable.同时，世界仍然很不安宁。霸权主义和强权政治依然存在，局部冲突和热点问题此起彼伏，全球经济失衡加剧，南北差距拉大，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，世界和平与发展面临诸多难题和挑战。

At the same time, the world remains far from tranquil.Hegemonism and power politics still exist, local conflicts and hotspot issues keep emerging, imbalances in the world economy are worsening, the North-South gap is widening, and traditional and nontraditional threats to security are intertwined.All this poses difficulties and challenges to world peace and development.共同分享发展机遇，共同应对各种挑战，推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，事关各国人民的根本利益，也是各国人民的共同心愿。我们主张，各国人民携手努力，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。为此，应该遵循联合国宪章宗旨和原则，恪守国际法和公认的国际关系准则，在国际关系中弘扬民主、和睦、协作、共赢精神。政治上相互尊重、平等协商，共同推进国际关系民主化；经济上相互合作、优势互补，共同推动经济全球化朝着均衡、普惠、共赢方向发展；文化上相互借鉴、求同存异，尊重世界多样性，共同促进人类文明繁荣进步；安全上相互信任、加强合作，坚持用和平方式而不是战争手段解决国际争端，共同维护世界和平稳定；环保上相互帮助、协力推进，共同呵护人类赖以生存的地球家园。

Sharing opportunities for development and rising to challenges together so as to further the noble cause of peace and development of humanity bear on he fundamental interests of the people of all countries and meet their common aspirations.We maintain that the people of all countries should join hands and strive to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.To this end, all countries should uphold the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, observe international law and universally recognized norms of international relations, and promote democracy, harmony, collaboration and win-win solutions in international relations.Politically, all countries should respect each other and conduct consultations on an equal footing in a common endeavor to promote democracy in international relations.Economically, they should cooperate with each other, draw on each other's strengths and work together to advance economic globalization in the direction of balanced development, shared benefits and win-win progress.Culturally, they should learn from each other in the spirit of seeking common ground while shelving differences, respect the diversity of the world, and make joint efforts to advance human

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civilization.In the area of security, they should trust each other, strengthen cooperation, settle international disputes by peaceful means rather than by war, and work together to safeguard peace and stability in the world.On environmental issues, they should assist and cooperate with each other in conservation efforts to take good care of the Earth, the only home of human beings.当代中国同世界的关系发生了历史性变化，中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一起。不管国际风云如何变幻，中国政府和人民都将高举和平、发展、合作旗帜，奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨。

Historic changes have occurred in the relations between contemporary China and the rest of the world, resulting in ever closer interconnection between China's future and destiny and those of the world.Whatever changes take place in the international situation, the Chinese government and people will always hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, safeguard China's interests in terms of sovereignty, security and development, and uphold its foreign policy purposes of maintaining world peace and promoting common development.中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。这是中国政府和人民根据时代发展潮流和自身根本利益作出的战略抉择。中华民族是热爱和平的民族，中国始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量。我们坚持把中国人民的利益同各国人民的共同利益结合起来，秉持公道，伸张正义。我们坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利，不干涉别国内部事务，不把自己的意志强加于人。中国致力于和平解决国际争端和热点问题，推动国际和地区安全合作，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国奉行防御性的国防政策，不搞军备竞赛，不对任何国家构成军事威胁。中国反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。

China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development.This is a strategic choice the Chinese government and people have made in light of the development trend of the times and their awn fundamental interests.The Chinese nation is a peace-loving people, and China is always a staunch force safeguarding world peace.We are committed to combining the interests of the Chinese people with the common interests of the people of other countries, and always stand for fairness and justice.We maintain that all countries, big and small, strong and weak, rich and poor, are equal.We respect the right of the people of all countries to independently choose their own development path.We will never interfere in the internal affairs of other countries or impose our own will on them.China works for peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, promotes international and regional security cooperation, and opposes terrorism in any form.China follows a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, and it does not engage in arms race or pose a military threat to any other country.China opposes all forms of hegemonism and power politics arid will-never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.中国将始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略。我们将继续以自己的发展促进地区和世界共同发展，扩大同各方利益的汇合点，在实现本国发展的同时兼顾对方特别是发展中国家的正当关切。我们将继续按照通行的国际经贸规则，扩大市场准入，依法保护合作者权益。我们支持国际社会帮助发展中国家增强自主发展能力、改善民生，缩小南北差距。我们支持完善国际贸易和金融体制，推进贸易和投资自由化便利化，通过磋商协作妥善处理经贸摩擦。中国决不做损人利己、以邻为壑的事情。

China will unswervingly follow a win-win strategy of opening up.We will continue to contribute to regional and global development through our own development, and expand the areas where our interests meet with those a various sides.While securing our own development, we will accommodate the legitimate concerns of other countries, especially other developing countries.We will increase market access in accordance with internationally recognized economic and trade rules, and protect the rights and interests of our partners in accordance with the law.We Support international efforts to help developing countries enhance their capacity for independent development and improve the lives of their people, so as to narrow the North-South gap.We support efforts to improve international trade and financial systems, advance the liberalization and facilitation of trade and

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investment, and properly resolve economic and trade frictions through consultation and collaboration.China will never seek benefits for itself at the expense of other countries or shift ifs troubles onto others.中国坚持在和平共处五项原则的基础上同所有国家发展友好合作。我们将继续同发达国家加强战略对话，增进互信，深化合作，妥善处理分歧，推动相互关系长期稳定健康发展。我们将继续贯彻与邻为善、以邻为伴的周边外交方针，加强同周边国家的睦邻友好和务实合作，积极开展区域合作，共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的地区环境。我们将继续加强同广大发展中国家的团结合作，深化传统友谊，扩大务实合作，提供力所能及的援助，维护发展中国家的正当要求和共同利益。我们将继续积极参与多边事务，承担相应国际义务，发挥建设性作用，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。我们将继续开展同各国政党和政治组织的交流合作，加强人大、政协、军队、地方、民间团体对外交往，增进中国人民和各国人民的相互了解和友谊。

China is committed to developing friendship and cooperation with all other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.For developed countries, we will continue to strengthen strategic dialogue, enhance mutual trust, deepen cooperation and properly manage differences to promote long-term, stable and sound development of bilateral relations.For our neighboring countries, we will continue to follow the foreign policy of friendship and partnership, strengthen good-neighborly relations and practical cooperation with them, and energetically engage in regional cooperation in order to jointly create a peaceful, stable regional environment featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.For other developing countries, we will continue to increase solidarity and cooperation with them, cement traditional friendship, expand practical cooperation, provide assistance to them within our ability, and uphold the legitimate demands and common interests of developing countries.We will continue to take an active part in multilateral affairs, assume our due international obligations, play a constructive role, and work to make the international order fairer and more equitable.We will also continue to conduct exchanges and cooperation with the political parties and organizations of other countries, and strengthen the external exchanges of people's congresses, CPPCC committees, the armed forces, localities and people's organizations to enhance mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and the people of other countries.中国发展离不开世界，世界繁荣稳定也离不开中国。中国人民将继续同各国人民一道，为实现人类的美好理想而不懈努力。

China cannot develop in isolation from the rest of the world, nor can the world enjoy prosperity and stability without China.The Chinese people will continue to work tirelessly with the people of other countries to bring about a better future for humanity.十二、以改革创新精神全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程

XII.Comprehensively Carrying Forward the Great New Undertaking to Build the Party in a Spirit of Reform and Innovation 中国特色社会主义事业是改革创新的事业。党要站在时代前列带领人民不断开创事业发展新局面，必须以改革创新精神加强自身建设，始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause that demands reform and innovation.To stand in the forefront of the times and lead the people in opening up new prospects for the development of the cause, the Party must improve itself in a spirit of reform and innovation and stay as the firm core of leadership for this cause.我们党已经成立八十六年，在全国执政五十八年，拥有七千多万党员，党的教育和管理任务比过去任何时候都更为繁重。党领导的改革开放既给党注入巨大活力，也使党面临许多前所未有的新课题新考验。世情、国情、党情的发展变化，决定了以改革创新精神加强党的建设既十分重要又十分紧迫。必须把党的执政能力建设和先进性建设作为主线，坚持党要管党、从严治党，贯彻为民、务实、清廉的要求，以坚定理想信念为重点加强思想建设，以造就高素质党员、干部队伍为重点加强组织建设，以保持党同人民群众的血肉联系为重点加强作风建设，以健全民主集中制为重

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点加强制度建设，以完善惩治和预防腐败体系为重点加强反腐倡廉建设，使党始终成为立党为公、执政为民，求真务实、改革创新，艰苦奋斗、清正廉洁，富有活力、团结和谐的马克思主义执政党。

The Party was founded 86 years ago, it has governed the country for 58 years, and its current membership totals more than 70 million.Therefore, the task of educating and managing its members has become more arduous than ever before.The reform and opening up led by the Party have injected tremendous vigor into the Party, but they have also exposed it to many unprecedented tasks and tests.Developments and changes in the global, national and intra-Party conditions make it both vital and urgent for us to strengthen Party building in a spirit of reform and innovation.To achieve the main objectives of strengthening the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature, we must ensure that the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members, and work to fulfill the requirement for serving the people and being pragmatic and incorruptible.We must strengthen Party building in all respects.Ideologically, we will focus on fortifying the convictions of Party members.Organizationally, we will put emphasis on bringing up Party members and cadres of quality.In improving the Party's style of work, we will stress the maintenance of its close ties with the people.Institutionally, we will emphasize improving democratic centralism.In enhancing the Party's capacity to fight corruption and uphold integrity we will focus on improving the institutions for punishing and preventing corruption.All this will enable the Party to remain a ruling Marxist party that is built for the public interests and exercises governance for the people;a party that is realistic, pragmatic and committed to reform and innovation;a party that is hardworking and clean;and a party that is full of vigor and enjoys solidarity and harmony.（一）深入学习贯彻中国特色社会主义理论体系，着力用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装全党。思想理论建设是党的根本建设，党的理论创新引领各方面创新。要按照建设学习型政党的要求，紧密结合改革开放和现代化建设的生动实践，深入学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想，在全党开展深入学习实践科学发展观活动，坚持用发展着的马克思主义指导客观世界和主观世界的改造，进一步把握共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律，提高运用科学理论分析和解决实际问题能力。加强党员、干部理想信念教育和思想道德建设，使广大党员、干部成为实践社会主义核心价值体系的模范，做共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想的坚定信仰者、科学发展观的忠实执行者、社会主义荣辱观的自觉实践者、社会和谐的积极促进者。

1.Thoroughly study and apply the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and focus on arming the whale Party with the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions.Ideological and theoretical development is of fundamental importance to Party building, and the Party's innovation in theory guides innovation in all other areas.To build a party committed to learning, we need to thoroughly study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and launch a Party-wide campaign to intensively study and apply the Scientific Outlook on Development in light of the dynamic practices of reform, opening up and modernization.We must follow the developing Marxism as our guide in changing the objective world and remolding the subjective world better grasp the laws concerning the Communist Party's governance, socialist construction and the development of human society, and improve our capability to apply scientific theories to analyzing and salving practical problems.We must step up education for Party members and cadres to cherish the Party's ideals and beliefs and uphold high ideological and moral standards, so that they will set an example in putting into practice the socialist core values, firmly believe in the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, faithfully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, conscientiously follow the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and actively promote social harmony.（二）继续加强党的执政能力建设，着力建设高素质领导班子。党的执政能力建设关系党的建设和中国特色社会主义事业的全局，必须把提高领导水平和执政能力作为各级领导班子建设的核心内容抓紧抓好。要按照科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的要求，改进领导班子思想作风，提高领导干部执政本领，改善领导方式和执政方式，健全领导体制，完善地方党委领导班子配备改革后的工作机制，把各级领导班子建设成为坚定贯彻党的理论和路线方针政策、善

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于领导科学发展的坚强领导集体。以加强领导班子执政能力建设影响和带动全党，使党的全部工作始终符合时代要求和人民期待。

2.Continue to strengthen the Party's governance capability and focus on building high-duality leading bodies.Strengthening the Party's governance capability has an overall impact on Party building and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In building the leading bodies at all levels, we must focus our efforts on promptly and effectively improving their art of leadership and governance capability.Following the requirement of scientific, democratic and law-based governance, we will improve the way of thinking of leading bodies, the governing competence of leading cadres, their styles of leadership and governance, the leadership system, and the working mechanisms of the Leading bodies of local Party committees that have had their staffing restructured.All this is intended to turn the Leading bodies at all levels into staunch collective leaderships that are firmly committed to the Party's theories, lines, principles and policies and capable of leading scientific development.We will improve the governance capability of leading bodies in order to motivate and guide the whole Party and ensure that all the Party's work always accords with the requirements of the times and the expectations of the people.（三）积极推进党内民主建设，着力增强党的团结统一。党内民主是增强党的创新活力、巩固党的团结统一的重要保证。要以扩大党内民主带动人民民主，以增进党内和谐促进社会和谐。尊重党员主体地位，保障党员民主权利，推进党务公开，营造党内民主讨论环境。完善党的代表大会制度，实行党的代表大会代表任期制，选择一些县（市、区）试行党代表大会常任制。完善党的地方各级全委会、常委会工作机制，发挥全委会对重大问题的决策作用。严格实行民主集中制，健全集体领导与个人分工负责相结合的制度，反对和防止个人或少数人专断。推行地方党委讨论决定重大问题和任用重要干部票决制。建立健全中央政治局向中央委员会全体会议、地方各级党委常委会向委员会全体会议定期报告工作并接受监督的制度。改革党内选举制度，改进候选人提名制度和选举方式。推广基层党组织领导班子成员由党员和群众公开推荐与上级党组织推荐相结合的办法，逐步扩大基层党组织领导班子直接选举范围，探索扩大党内基层民主多种实现形式。全党同志要坚决维护党的集中统一，自觉遵守党的政治纪律，始终同党中央保持一致，坚决维护中央权威，切实保证政令畅通。

3.Expand intra-Party democracy and focus on enhancing the Party's solidarity and unity.Intra-Party democracy provides an important guarantee for improving the Party's creativity and reinforcing its solidarity and unity.We will expand intra-Party democracy to develop people's democracy and increase intra-Party harmony to promote social harmony.We need to respect the principal position of Party members, guarantee their democratic rights, increase transparency in Party affairs and create favorable conditions for democratic discussions within the Party.We will improve the system of Party congresses by adopting a tenure system for their delegates and implementing a system of Party congresses with a fixed term on a trial basis in selected counties, cities and districts.We will improve the working mechanisms of local Party committees at all levels and their standing committees and let the Party committees make decisions on major issues.We will strictly implement democratic centralism, improve the system that combines collective leadership with division of responsibilities among individuals, and oppose and prevent arbitrary decision-making by an individual or a minority of people.We will introduce a system of voting for use by local Party committees in discussing and deciding on major issues and appointing cadres to important positions.We will establish a sound system under which the Political Bureau of the Central Committee regularly reports its work to plenary sessions of the Central Committee and accepts their oversight, and the standing committees of local Party committees at all levels do likewise to plenary sessions of local Party committees and, accept their oversight.We will reform the intra-Party electoral system and improve the system for nominating candidates and electoral methods.We will spread the practice in which candidates for leading positions in primary Party organizations are recommended both by Party members and the public in an open manner and by the Party organization at the next higher level, gradually extend direct election of leading members in primary Party organizations to more places, and explore various ways to expand intra-Party democracy at the primary level.All Party members must firmly uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, conscientiously abide by the Party's

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political discipline, always be in agreement with the Central Committee and resolutely safeguard its authority to ensure that its resolutions and decisions are carried out effectively.（四）不断深化干部人事制度改革，着力造就高素质干部队伍和人才队伍。坚持党管干部原则，坚持民主、公开、竞争、择优，形成干部选拔任用科学机制。规范干部任用提名制度，完善体现科学发展观和正确政绩观要求的干部考核评价体系，完善公开选拔、竞争上岗、差额选举办法。扩大干部工作民主，增强民主推荐、民主测评的科学性和真实性。加强干部选拔任用工作全过程监督。健全领导干部职务任期、回避、交流制度，完善公务员制度。健全干部双重管理体制。推进国有企业和事业单位人事制度改革，完善适合国有企业特点的领导人员管理办法。坚持正确用人导向，按照德才兼备、注重实绩、群众公认原则选拔干部，提高选人用人公信度。加大培养选拔优秀年轻干部力度，鼓励年轻干部到基层和艰苦地区锻炼成长，提高年轻干部马克思主义理论素养和政治素质。重视培养选拔女干部、少数民族干部。格外关注长期在条件艰苦、工作困难地方努力工作的干部，注意从基层和生产一线选拔优秀干部充实各级党政领导机关。

4.Continue to deepen reform of the cadre and personnel system and focus on training high-caliber cadres and personnel.Adhering to the principle that the Party is in charge of cadre management, we will establish a scientific mechanism for selecting and appointing cadres on the basis of democracy, openness, competition and merit.We will standardize the cadre nomination system, perfect the cadre assessment system in accordance with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development and a correct view on evaluating cadres' performances, and improve the procedures for open selection, competition for positions and multi-candidate election.We will expand democracy in the work related to cadres and make democratic recommendation and assessment more scientific and authentic.We must enforce stricter oversight over the whore process of selecting and appointing cadres.We will improve the tenure system and the recusal system for leading cadres as well as the system for transferring them between different posts, the public servant System, and the system of dual administration of cadres.We will advance reform of the personnel system in state-owned enterprises and public institutions and improve management of executives suited to conditions in these enterprises.继续大规模培训干部，充分发挥党校、行政学院、干部学院作用，大幅度提高干部素质。全面做好离退休干部工作。贯彻尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的方针，坚持党管人才原则，统筹抓好以高层次人才和高技能人才为重点的各级人才队伍建设。创新人才工作体制机制，激发各类人才创造活力和创业热情，开创人才辈出、人尽其才新局面。

Adhering to correct guidance in appointing cadres, we will promote cadres who have political integrity, professional competence and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support with a view to increasing public trust in cadre selection and appointment.We will make greater efforts to train and promote outstanding young cadres, encourage them to work and temper themselves at the primary level and in areas with tough conditions, improve their understanding of Marxist theory and raise their political quality.We will attach great importance to training and selecting cadres from among women and ethnic minorities.We will give special attention to cadres who have long been working diligently in places fraught with hardships and difficulties.We will select excellent cadres from primary-level organizations and the frontline of production to join Party and government leading organs at all levels.We will continue to train cadres on a large scale, making full use of Party schools, schools of administration and cadre academies to substantially improve the quality of cadres.We will do a good job in all work related to retired cadres.Implementing the policy of respect for work, knowledge, talent and creation and adhering to the principle of the Party being in charge of personnel, we will make plans for training all types of personnel with the focus on high-level and highly skilled ones.We will make innovations in systems and mechanisms for personnel work and arouse the creativity and enterprising spirit of all types of personnel to create a new situation in which capable people come forth in great numbers and put their talents to best use.http://www.xiexiebang.com 41

（五）全面巩固和发展先进性教育活动成果，着力加强基层党的建设。先进性是马克思主义政党的生命所系、力量所在，要靠千千万万高素质党员来体现。要扎实抓好党员队伍建设这一基础工程，坚持不懈地提高党员素质。认真学习和遵守党章，增强党员意识，建立党员党性定期分析制度，拓宽党员服务群众渠道，构建党员联系和服务群众工作体系，健全让党员经常受教育、永葆先进性长效机制，使党员真正成为牢记宗旨、心系群众的先进分子。加强和改进流动党员管理，加强进城务工人员中党的工作，建立健全城乡一体党员动态管理机制。提高发展党员质量，优化党员队伍结构，及时处置不合格党员。

5.Consolidate and develop all the achievements of the campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature, and focus on strengthening primary Party organizations.The vanguard nature is the source of life and strength for a Marxist party, and has to be demonstrated by its tens of millions of members of quality.We must, therefore, do a good job in the basic project to build a strong Party membership and keep improving their quality.We will earnestly study and abide by the Party Constitution, raise our awareness of Party membership, introduce the practice of regularly reviewing Party members' compliance with the Party spirit, expand channels through which Party members serve the people, institute working procedures for them to stay in touch with and serve the people, and improve the permanent mechanism whereby Party members regularly go through education and always retain their vanguard nature.All this will make Party members exemplars who always keep in mind the purpose of the Party and truly care far the people.We will improve management of Party members among the floating population, improve the party work among rural migrant workers in cities, and set up a sound unified system for dynamic management of Party members in both urban and rural areas.We will improve the quality of newly recruited Party members, optimize the composition of Party membership, and promptly deal with unqualified members.党的基层组织是党执政的组织基础。要落实党建工作责任制，全面推进农村、企业、城市社区和机关、学校、新社会组织等的基层党组织建设，优化组织设置，扩大组织覆盖，创新活动方式，充分发挥基层党组织推动发展、服务群众、凝聚人心、促进和谐的作用。以党的基层组织建设带动其他各类基层组织建设。在党的基层组织和党员中深入开展创先争优活动。建立健全城乡党的基层组织互帮互助机制。在全国农村普遍开展党员干部现代远程教育。建立健全党内激励、关怀、帮扶机制，关心和爱护基层干部、老党员、生活困难党员。注重解决基层组织经费保障和活动场所等问题。

Primary Party organizations constitute the organizational foundation for the Party to play its governance role.We will implement the responsibility system for building the Party and advance all-round development of primary Party organizations in villages, enterprises, urban communities, Party and government organs, schools, new social organizations, etc.We will give full play to the role of primary Party organizations in promoting development, serving the people, rallying public support and promoting harmony by optimizing their setups, expanding their coverage and making innovations in the way they function.We will develop primary Party organizations to promote development of other organizations at the primary level.We will launch intensive campaigns in primary Party organizations and among Party members to encourage them to excel in their performances.We will set up a sound mechanism for mutual assistance between urban and rural primary Party organizations.We will develop modern distance learning programs for Party members and cadres in rural areas throughout the country.We will set up a sound mechanism of incentives, solicitude and assistance in the Party to show concern for cadres at the primary level, for elderly Party members and for those who live in straitened circumstances.We will pay attention to ensuring funding and space for activities of primary Party organizations.（六）切实改进党的作风，着力加强反腐倡廉建设。优良的党风是凝聚党心民心的巨大力量。要坚持人民是历史创造者的历史唯物主义观点，坚持全心全意为人民服务，坚持群众路线，真诚倾听群众呼声，真实反映群众愿望，真情关心群众疾苦，多为群众办好事、办实事，做到权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋。以求真务实作风推进各项工作，多干打基础、利长远的事。加强调查研究，改进学风和文风，精简会议和文件，反对形式主义、官僚主义，反对弄虚作假。倡导勤俭节约、勤俭办一切事业，反对奢侈浪费。全党同志特别是领导干部都要讲党性、重品行、作表

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率。深入开展党风党纪教育，积极进行批评和自我批评，使领导干部自觉遵守党纪国法，继承优良传统，弘扬新风正气，以优良的党风促政风带民风。

6.Effectively improve the Party's style of work and focus on combating corruption and upholding integrity.The Party's fine style of work is a great force holding Party members together and winning popular support.We must uphold the viewpoint of historical materialism that it is the people who make history, remain committed to serving the people wholeheartedly and adhere to the mass line.We must earnestly listen to their appeals, truthfully reflect their wishes, sincerely help alleviate their hardships and do more practical work for their benefit, putting into practice the principle of exercising power for the people, showing concern for them and working for their interests.We will seek progress in every aspect of our endeavor in a realistic and pragmatic way and do more to reinforce the groundwork for long-term benefit.We need to carry out more investigations and studies, improve our styles of study and writing, cut the number of meetings and official documents, and oppose formalism, bureaucracy and deception.We need to practice economy, always be frugal and hardworking, and oppose extravagance and waste.All Party members, especially leading cadres, must uphold the Party spirit, be impeccable in moral standards and play an exemplary role in society.We need to strengthen education in the Party's style of work and Party discipline and vigorously practice criticism and self-criticism so that leading cadres will conscientiously observe Party discipline and state laws, carry forward the Party's fine traditions and promote new healthy trends.With the Party's fine style of work, we will be able to improve the work style of the government and the conduct of the general public.中国共产党的性质和宗旨，决定了党同各种消极腐败现象是水火不相容的。坚决惩治和有效预防腐败，关系人心向背和党的生死存亡，是党必须始终抓好的重大政治任务。全党同志一定要充分认识反腐败斗争的长期性、复杂性、艰巨性，把反腐倡廉建设放在更加突出的位置，旗帜鲜明地反对腐败。坚持标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并举、注重预防的方针，扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设，在坚决惩治腐败的同时，更加注重治本，更加注重预防，更加注重制度建设，拓展从源头上防治腐败工作领域。严格执行党风廉政建设责任制。坚持深化改革和创新体制，加强廉政文化建设，形成拒腐防变教育长效机制、反腐倡廉制度体系、权力运行监控机制。健全纪检监察派驻机构统一管理，完善巡视制度。加强领导干部廉洁自律工作，提高党员干部拒腐防变能力。坚决纠正损害群众利益的不正之风，切实解决群众反映强烈的问题。坚决查处违纪违法案件，对任何腐败分子，都必须依法严惩，决不姑息！

The CPC never tolerates corruption or any other negative phenomena.This is determined by its nature and purpose.Resolutely punishing and effectively preventing corruption bears on the popular support for the Party and on its very survival, and is therefore a major political task the Party must attend to at all times.All Party members must be fully aware that fighting corruption will be a protracted, complicated and arduous battle, attach greater importance to combating corruption and upholding integrity and take a clear stand against corruption.We will fight corruption in a comprehensive way, address both its symptoms and root cause and combine punishment with prevention, with the emphasis on prevention, thus effectively improving the institutions for punishing and preventing corruption.While resolutely cracking down on corruption, we will work harder to remove its root cause and take preventive measures through improving relevant institutions and expanding our efforts to curb corruption at the source.We will strictly implement the responsibility system for improving the Party's style of work and upholding integrity.We will deepen reform, make institutional innovation, foster a culture of integrity and develop a permanent education mechanism to resist corruption and decadence, a system for combating corruption and upholding integrity and a mechanism for monitoring the exercise of power.We need to strengthen the unified management of representative offices of Party discipline inspection commissions and government supervision departments, and improve the system of inspection tours.We will do our best to ensure that leading cadres are clean and self-disciplined and that Party members and cadres are better able to resist corruption and decadence.We must resolutely stop unhealthy practices that hurt public interests, and take effective measures to deal with matters that cause strong public resentment.We must see to it that all cases involving

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violation of law and discipline are thoroughly investigated and dealt with, and that all corruptionists are severely punished according to law without fail.同志们！我们党自诞生之日起就勇敢担当起带领中国人民创造幸福生活、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命，为了完成这个历史使命，一代又一代中国共产党人前赴后继，无数革命先烈献出了宝贵生命。当代中国共产党人必须继续承担好这个历史使命。我们党正在带领全国各族人民进行的改革开放和社会主义现代化建设，是新中国成立以后我国社会主义建设伟大事业的继承和发展，是近代以来中国人民争取民族独立、实现国家富强伟大事业的继承和发展。抚今追昔，我们深感肩负的使命神圣而光荣。展望未来，我们对实现推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展这三大历史任务充满信心。

Comrades, Ever since its founding in July 1921, the CPC has bravely dedicated itself to the historical mission of leading the Chinese people in striving for a happy life and for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Chinese Communists have been fighting one generation after another to fulfill this mission, and countless revolutionaries have sacrificed their lives in the course.Party members in contemporary China must continue on this mission.The ongoing reform, opening up and socialist modernization drive undertaken by the people of all ethnic groups under the Party's leadership are a continuation and development of the great cause of socialist construction since the founding of the People's Republic and the great cause of the Chinese people's struggle for national independence, prosperity and strength since modern times.Reviewing the past, we feel deeply honored to carry on this sacred mission.Looking ahead, we have full confidence in fulfilling the three historical tasks of advancing the modernization drive, achieving national reunification, and safeguarding world peace and promoting common development.全党同志必须清醒认识到，实现全面建设小康社会的目标还需要继续奋斗十几年，基本实现现代化还需要继续奋斗几十年，巩固和发展社会主义制度则需要几代人、十几代人甚至几十代人坚持不懈地努力奋斗。要奋斗就会有困难有风险。我们一定要居安思危、增强忧患意识，始终保持对马克思主义、对中国特色社会主义、对实现中华民族伟大复兴的坚定信念；一定要戒骄戒躁、艰苦奋斗，牢记社会主义初级阶段基本国情，为党和人民事业不懈努力；一定要刻苦学习、埋头苦干，不断创造经得起实践、人民、历史检验的业绩；一定要加强团结、顾全大局，自觉维护全党的团结统一，保持党同人民群众的血肉联系，巩固全国各族人民的大团结，加强海内外中华儿女的大团结，促进中国人民同世界各国人民的大团结，为战胜一切艰难险阻、推动党和人民事业取得新的更大胜利提供强大力量。

All Party members must be keenly aware that it will take more than a decade of continued efforts to reach the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and decades more to realize modernization by and large, and that it will require unremitting efforts by several, a dozen or even dozens of generations to consolidate and develop the socialist system.We are bound to meet with difficulties and risks in our endeavor.We must therefore stay prepared for adversities in times of peace, be mindful of potential dangers, and always maintain our firm faith in Marxism, socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.We must guard against arrogance and rashness, preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle, bear firmly in mind the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism, and work tirelessly for the cause of the Party and the people.We must study and work diligently and keep scoring achievements that can stand the test of practice and time to the satisfaction of the people.We must reinforce unity, bear the overall interests in mind, conscientiously uphold the solidarity and unity of the whole Patty, maintain close ties between the Party and the people, cement the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups, and enhance the great solidarity of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation at home and overseas and of the Chinese people and peoples of other countries, which will give us immense strength to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and achieve new, greater victories in the cause of the Party and the people.让我们高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，更加紧密地团结在党中央周围，万众一心，开拓奋进，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利、谱写人民美好生活新篇章而努力奋斗！

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Let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, rally more closely around the Central Committee, unite as one, forge ahead in a pioneering spirit, and work hard to achieve new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and write a new chapter of happy life for the people!

3月5日（星期一）上午9时，第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在人民大会堂开幕，听取国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告，审查年度计划报告和预算报告。以下为十一届全国人大五次会议开幕会及政府工作报告全文：

各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

一、2011年工作回顾

过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。

国内生产总值47.2万亿元，比上年增长9.2%；公共财政收入10.37万亿元，增长24.8%；粮食产量1.14万亿斤，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8.4%和11.4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。

一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

(一)加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。

在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。

下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。

我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。

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我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。

(二)加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。

巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策，加大农业生产补贴力度，稳步提高粮食最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。

继续推进农村危房改造，解决了6398万农村人口的饮水困难和60万无电地区人口的用电问题，农村生产生活条件进一步改善。加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。

支持重点产业振兴和技术改造，中央预算投资安排150亿元，支持4000多个项目，带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业，新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展，经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。

推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。

实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准，实行草原生态保护奖补政策，开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。

促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。

城镇化率超过50%，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。

(三)大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入，全国财政支出2.82万亿元。

持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项，突破一些关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接，成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。

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扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力，全面实现“两基”目标。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费，其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。

推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”，提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作，扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教，90%以上在中西部。

大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持，各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围，服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设，全民健身活动蓬勃开展，体育事业取得新成绩。

积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大，13亿城乡居民参保，全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高，重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖，基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。

(四)切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。

实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位，全力推动以创业带动就业，加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度，着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8%，同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量2.53亿人，比上年增长4.4%，其中，外出农民工1.59亿人，增长3.4%。

积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民；各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准；连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益；进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴；建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。

个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元(2010年不变价)作为新的国家扶贫标准，比2009年提高92%，把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围，这是社会的巨大进步。

加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县(市、区)实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点，1334万人参保，641万人领取养老金。2343个县(市、区)开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，3.58亿人参保，9880万人领取养老金，覆盖面扩大到60%以上。

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解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全，向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐，这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。

大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见，完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策，着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套，新开工建设1043万套。

努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管，做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制，集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先，加强和创新社会管理，着力排查化解各类社会矛盾，依法打击违法犯罪活动，保持社会和谐稳定。

(五)深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。

完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革，出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国，启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点，开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。

深化集体林权制度改革，启动国有林场改革试点，依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革，创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。

我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略，努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额3.64万亿美元，增长22.5%，其中，出口增长20.3%，进口增长24.9%，贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元，服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快，非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作，多边双边经贸关系继续深化。

我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。

过去一年的成绩来之不易，显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力，增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。

我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

我们也清醒地看到，我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。从国际看，世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折，国际金融危机还在发展，一些国家主权债务危机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下，增长动力不足，新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动，大宗商品价格大幅震荡。国际贸易投

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资保护主义强化。从国内看，解决体制性结构性矛盾，缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大，经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。

主要是：经济增长存在下行压力，物价水平仍处高位，房地产市场调控处于关键阶段，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大，就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存，一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多，部分行业产能过剩凸显，能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织，结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用，国内问题和国际问题相互关联，宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。

政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足，节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成；征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出，群众反映强烈；政府管理和服务水平有待提高，廉政建设亟需加强。

我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切实解决存在的问题，努力把各项工作做得更好，决不辜负人民的重托。

二、2012年工作总体部署

今年是“十二五”时期承前启后的重要一年，也是本届政府任期的最后一年。我们要恪尽职守、锐意进取、攻坚克难、决不懈怠，交出一份人民满意的答卷。

我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，在较长时期内继续保持经济平稳较快发展具备不少有利条件。工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，消费结构和产业结构升级蕴藏着巨大的需求潜力；经过30多年改革开放，我国发展建立了良好的物质基础和体制条件，宏观调控经验不断丰富，企业竞争力和抗风险能力明显提高；东部地区创新发展能力增强，中西部地区和东北等老工业基地发展潜力有序释放；经济发展的传统优势依然存在，劳动力资源丰富、素质提高；财政收支状况良好，金融体系运行稳健，社会资金比较充裕。

世界经济政治格局正在发生深刻变化，和平、发展、合作仍然是时代潮流，总体上有利于我国和平发展。我们要坚定信心，善于运用有利条件和积极因素，继续抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，推动经济平稳较快发展，不断增强我国的综合国力和国际影响力。

我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持稳中求进，加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力加强自主创新和节能减排，着力深化改革开放，着力保障和改善民生，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，努力实现经济平稳较快发展和物价总水平基本稳定，保持社会和谐稳定，以经济社会发展的优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开。

今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长7.5%；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内；居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右；进出口总额增长10%左右，国际收支状况继续改善。同时，要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展，城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步。

这里要着重说明，国内生产总值增长目标略微调低，主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接，引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来，以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更

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好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右，综合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力，也为价格改革预留一定空间。

综合考虑各方面情况，要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，根据形势变化适时适度预调微调，进一步提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。

继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适度的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字8000亿元，赤字率下降到1.5%左右，其中中央财政赤字5500亿元，代发地方债2500亿元。优化财政支出结构、突出重点，更加注重向民生领域倾斜，加大对教育、文化、医疗卫生、就业、社会保障、保障性安居工程等方面的投入。更加注重加强薄弱环节，加大对“三农”、欠发达地区、科技创新和节能环保、水利、地质找矿等的支持。更加注重勤俭节约，严格控制“三公经费”，大力精简会议和文件，深化公务用车制度改革，进一步降低行政成本。

继续控制楼堂馆所建设规模和标准，压缩大型运动会场馆建设投入。全面加强对重点领域、重点部门和重点资金的审计。实施结构性减税。认真落实和完善支持小型微型企业和个体工商户发展的各项税收优惠政策，开展营业税改征增值税试点。继续对行政事业性收费和政府性基金进行清理、整合和规范。加强地方政府性债务管理和风险防范。按照分类管理、区别对待、逐步化解的原则，继续妥善处理存量债务。

进一步清理规范地方政府融资平台公司。坚决禁止各级政府以各种形式违规担保、承诺。同时，把短期应对措施和长期制度建设结合起来，严格控制地方政府新增债务，将地方政府债务收支分类纳入预算管理。

继续实施稳健的货币政策。按照总量适度、审慎灵活的要求，兼顾促进经济平稳较快发展、保持物价稳定和防范金融风险。综合运用各种货币政策工具，调节好货币信贷供求，保持社会融资规模合理增长。广义货币预期增长14%。优化信贷结构，支持国家重点在建、续建项目和保障性安居工程建设，加强对符合产业政策、有市场需求的企业特别是小型微型企业的信贷支持，切实降低实体经济融资成本。

继续严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业的贷款。完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强人民币汇率双向浮动弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。大力发展外汇市场，丰富外汇产品。为市场主体提供更多的汇率避险工具，管好用好外汇储备。建立健全系统性金融风险防范和监管协调机制，增强抵御风险能力。加强跨境资本流动监控。规范各类借贷行为，引导民间融资健康发展。

全面做好今年的工作，必须坚持突出主题、贯穿主线、统筹兼顾、协调推进，把稳增长、控物价、调结构、惠民生、抓改革、促和谐更好地结合起来。稳增长，就是要坚持扩大内需、稳定外需，大力发展实体经济，努力克服国内外各种不稳定不确定因素的影响，及时解决苗头性、倾向性问题，保持经济平稳运行。控物价，就是要继续采取综合措施，保持物价总水平基本稳定，防止价格走势反弹。

调结构，就是要有扶有控，提高经济增长质量和效益，增强发展的协调性和可持续性。惠民生，就是要坚持把保障改善民生作为工作的根本出发点和落脚点，把促进社会公平正义放在更加突出的位置，切实办成一些让人民群众得实惠的好事实事。抓改革，就是要以更大的决心和气力推进改革开放，着力解决影响经济长期健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾，在一些重点领域和关键环节取得新突破。以开放促改革、促发展、促创新。促和谐，就是要正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者关系，积极有效化解各种矛盾和风险隐患，防止局部性问题演变成全局性问题，促进社会和谐稳定。

三、2012年主要任务

http://www.xiexiebang.com 50

第二篇：十七大报告重点词汇中英文对照

十七大报告重点词汇中英文对照

前 言

高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，为夺取全Hold high the great banner of socialism with

Chinese characteristics and strive for new 面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗

victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.At a crucial stage of 在……关键阶段

Follow the guidance of 以……为指导

The important thought of Three Represents 三个代表重要思想

Scientific Outlook on Development 科学发展观

Emancipate the mind 解放思想

In contemporary China 当代中国

People of all ethnic groups 全国各族人民

Magic instrument 法宝

Provide a strong driving force for 强大动力

Represent the fundamental interests of sb 根本利益所在

Undergo extensive and profound changes 发生广泛而深刻的变化

Going through a wide-ranging and deep-going 发生广泛而深刻的变革

transformation

With opportunities outweighing challenges 机遇大于挑战

Starting from this period of historical point 从新的历史起点出发

Important period of strategic opportunities 重要战略机遇期

Stay realistic and pragmatic 求真务实

Forging ahead with determination 锐意进取

Accomplish the lofty mission bestowed by the 完成时代赋予的崇高使命

times

一、过去五年的工作

Create a new situation in the cause of 开创了……事业新局面

Attain a new realm in adapting Marxism to 开拓了马克思主义中国化新境界

conditions in China Establish …as its guide 确立……的指导地位

Make the strategic decision to 作出……的战略决策

Deepen institutional restructuring 深化机构改革

Strengthen the governance capacity of the 加强党的执政能力建设

Party

Draw up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan 制定“十一五”规划

Major issues of overall significance 关系全局的重大问题

Formulate and apply 提出并贯彻 取得新的重大成就 经济实力大幅提升 经济保持平稳快速发展 经济效益

社会主义新农村 自主创新能力 载人航天飞行 取得新进展/进步 农业税 牧业税 特产税

支农惠农政策

金融 财税

非公有制经济 宏观调控 政府职能 “走出去”战略 开放型经济

最低生活保障制度 消费结构

市场体系不断健全 民主法制 政治体制改革 稳步推进

人民代表大会制度

中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度

民族区域自治制度 基层民主活力增强 爱国统一战线 依法治国 行政管理体制 司法体制 文化建设

社会主义核心价值体系 扎实推进

马克思主义理论研究和建设工程 思想道德建设广泛开展 全社会文明程度进一步提高

Score great new achievements

Economic strength increased substantially The economy sustained steady and rapid growth

Economic performance A new socialist countryside

Capacity for independent innovation Manned spaceflights

Fresh progress was registered in … Agricultural tax Livestock tax

Taxes on special agricultural products

Policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers Banking

Public finance and taxation

Non-public sector of the economy Macroeconomic regulation Government functions “go global” strategy Open economy

The system of subsistence allowance Consumption patterns

A sound market was being put in place.Democracy and legal system Political restructuring Progress steadily

System of people’s congress

System of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC System of regional ethnic autonomy

Primary-level democracy increased its vitality Patriotic united front Rule of law

Government administration system Judicial system

Cultural development

System of socialist core values Efforts to …..make steady headway

Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards.The whole of society became more culturally advanced.文化体制改革

文化事业和文化产业 精神文化生活 全民健身运动 竞技体育

抗击非典取得重大胜利 公共卫生体系 基本医疗服务 安居乐业 军队 军事变革 履行历史使命 制定反分裂国家法 领土完整 全方位

独立自主的和平外交政策 执政能力

保持共产党员先进性教育活动取得重大成果 党内民主

领导班子和干部队伍 干部人事制度

党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争 清醒意识到 不小差距 代价过大 难度加大

司法和社会治安

关系群众切身利益的问题 生活比较困难

思想道德建设有待加强 基层党组织软弱涣散 作风不正 形式主义 官僚主义

综合国力大幅度提升 人民得到更多实惠 国际地位

党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力Cultural restructuring

Cultural programs and cultural industry Cultural life

Public fitness programs Competitive sports

The battle against SARS came to a great victory.Public health system Basic medical care

Live and work in peace and contentment The armed forces

Revolution in military affairs

Accomplish their historical missions Anti-Secession Law was enacted Territorial integrity All-directional

Independent foreign policy of peace Governance capacity

The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature Yield substantial results Intra-Party democracy

Leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres Cadre and personnel system

Improve the Party’s style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption Be well aware that… Fall short of

At an excessively high cost of It has become more difficult to

Administration of justice and public order Problems affecting people’s immediate interests in areas such as Lead a rather difficult life

More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.Primary Party organizations are week and lax.Not honest and upright Formalism Bureaucratism

China’s overall strength grew considerably.People enjoy more tangible benefits International standing

Creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness

民主党派 人民团体 各界爱国人士 侨胞

of the Party

Democratic parties People’s organizations

Patriots from all walks of life Overseas Chinese nationals

二、改革开放的伟大历史进程

十一届三中全会

开启了改革开放历史新时期

一往无前的进取精神

波澜壮阔的创新实践

谱写了……史诗

中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进在新的时代条件下

新的伟大革命

社会生产力

实现国家现代化

振兴伟大的中华民族

自我完善

赋予……新的生机活力

党的建设

保持和发展党的先进性

走在时代前列

第一代中央领导集体

艰辛探索

历经艰辛

社会主义建设规律

新民主主义革命

根本政治前提和制度基础

实事求是

以阶级斗争为纲

工作中心

社会主义初级阶段

基本路线

吹响……的时代号角

继承

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

Usher in the new historical period of reform and opening up

In an indomitable enterprising spirit With spectacular practice of innovation Compose an epic recounting… Chinese nation’s ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger In a new era A great new revolution Productive forces Modernize the country Achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

Self-improvement Inject new vitality into The building of the Party Preserve and enhance its vanguard nature In the forefront of the times First generation of the central collective leadership

Painstaking exploration for Going through all the hardships Laws governing socialist construction New-democratic revolution Fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis

Seeking truth from facts Take class struggle as the key link Focus of the work Primary stage of socialism The basic line for Sound the clarion call of the times for … Carry on 重大历史关头 与时俱进 政治** 依靠

开创全面开放新局面 以……为指导 顺应……形势

发扬求真务实、开拓进取精神 坚定不移地把……继续推向前进 最鲜明的特点 全面改革 势不可挡

沿海、沿江、沿边

毅然决然

历史上从未有过的 极大地调动积极性

高度集中的计划经济体制 充满活力的

面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来 巍然屹立在世界东方 现代化建设“三步走”战略 以世界上少有的速度 一度濒临崩溃的边缘 跃至世界第四

温饱不足 总体小康 举世瞩目

稳定地走上了富裕安康的广阔道路 最突出的标志

马克思主义思想路线 焕发出勃勃生机 事实雄辩地证明 一帆风顺 一蹴而就 最根本的是 符合党心民心 没有出路

坚持四项基本原则 At a critical historical juncture Keep up with the times Political turbulences Rely on

Usher in a new phase of all-round opening up Follow the guidance of Keep up with

Promote the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit

Resolutely carry forward… The most salient feature Sweeping reform

With irresistible momentum

Coastal areas, areas along the Yangtze River and the borders Resolutely

Never seen before in history

Greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of A highly centralized planned economy Robust

Oriented toward modernization, the world and the future

Stand rock-firm in the East

Three-step strategy for modernization At a rate rarely seen in the world Once on the verge of collapse

Has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world

Inadequately fed and clad

Lead a fairly comfortable life on the whole Capture the world attention

Move steadily toward prosperity and happiness

Prominent hallmark Marxist ideological line Show great vitality

Facts have incontrovertibly proved that Be plain sailing

Be accomplished overnight Essentially

Accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people Would only lead to a blind alley Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles 首创精神 经济基础 上层建筑 社会生产力 文明素质 提高效率 社会公平摆脱贫困 理论体系 开辟……道路 社会主义民主政治 社会主义先进文化 社会主义和谐社会 文明的 最近成果 精神财富 共同思想基础

《共产党宣言》的发表

焕发出强大的生命力、创造力、感召力

实践永无止境，创新永无止尽 勇于变革、勇于创新 永不僵化、永不停滞

三、深入贯彻落实科学发展观

Continuation and development 继承和发展

World outlook 世界观

Methodology 方法论

A concentrated expression of 集中体现

In the same line as 一脉相承

Guiding principle for 指导方针

Basic reality 基本国情

The overall productivity remains low.生产力水平总体上还不高

Longstanding 长期形成的

Structural problems 机构性矛盾

Extensive mode of growth 粗放型增长方式

Yet to be fundamentally addressed 尚未根本改变

Structural and institutional obstacles 体制机制障碍

Further reforms in difficult areas 改革攻坚

Deep-seated problems 深层次矛盾和问题

As a whole 总体上

A relatively comfortable standard of living 小康水平

Pioneering initiative Economic base Superstructure Productive forces

Cultural and ethical quality Raise efficiency Social equity Eliminate poverty A system of theory Blaze a path of

Socialist democracy

An advanced socialist culture A harmonious socialist society Culturally advanced Latest achievement Intellectual assets

Common ideological foundation

The publication of the Communist Manifesto Demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal

There is no end to practice or innovation.Make bold changes and innovations Stay away from rigidity or stagnation 根本扭转 相当数量

统筹兼顾各方面利益 农业基础

缩小城乡、区域发展差距 依法治国 扎实贯彻 扩大人民民主 政治体制改革

思想活动的独立性、选择性、多变性、差异性

提出了更高的要求 社会结构 社会组织形式 社会利益格局 面临诸多新课题 不懈努力 生产力 生产关系 社会主要矛盾 日益增长的 具体表现 妄自菲薄 自甘落后

脱离实际, 急于求成 保持清醒头脑 全面参与

工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化 深刻把握

开拓……更为广阔的前景 第一要义是发展 核心是以人为本 统筹兼顾 执政兴国 第一要务

具有决定性意义 科教兴国 人才强国 转变发展方式 破解发展难题 提高质量和效益 团结和睦 Thoroughly reversed A considerable number of

Accommodate the interests of all sides Foundation of agriculture

Narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps Rule of law

We made steady progress in Expand people’s democracy Political restructuring

People have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking.Set higher requirements for Structure of society

The way society is organized Pattern of social interests

New issues have emerged in … Unremitting efforts Productive forces

Relations of production

Society’s principal contradiction Ever-growing

A concrete manifestation of Belittle ourselves

Wallow in backwardness

Unrealistic pursuit of quick results Remain sober-minded Full involvement in

Industrialized, information-based, urbanized, market-oriented and internationalized Have a good grasp of

Open up a broader vista of

Take development as its essence Put people first as its core Overall consideration

Governing and rejuvenating the country Top priority

Of decisive significance

Rejuvenating the country through science and technology

Strengthen the nation with trained personnel Transform the mode of development Crack hard issues

Raise quality and efficiency Unity and amity 全心全意为人民服务 一切奋斗和工作 最广大人民 出发点和落脚点 主体地位

发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享 总体布局

各个环节、各个方面 协调 生产发展 文明发展道路

资源节约型、环境友好型社会 城乡发展 区域发展

局部利益和整体利益 当前利益和长远利益 充分调动各方面积极性

树立世界眼光，加强战略思维 营造良好国际环境

总揽全局

“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线

生命线

兴旺发达和长治久安 立国之本 本质属性

贯穿……全过程 社会物质财富 社会公平正义 一贯主张

充满活力、安定有序

人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题 各尽其能、各得其所 治国理政 体制改革创新 关键环节

Serving the people wholeheartedly Every endeavor

The overwhelming majority of the people The aim and outcome Principal position

Development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits.Overall arrangement All links and aspects Coordinate/balance Expanded production

An enlightened approach to development

Resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society

Urban and rural development Development among regions

Interests of the part and those of the whole Immediate and long-term interests Fully arouse the initiative of all sides

Develop a global and strategic perspective Work for a favorable international environment

Work from an overall perspective

Taking economic development as the central task and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points” Lifeblood

Robust growth and lasting stability

The very foundation for building our country An essential attribute of Throughout the cause of Material wealth of society Social equity and justice Consistent position

Vigor and vitality, stability and order

The most specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people

A situation in which all people do their best, find their proper places in society Governance

Institutional reform and innovation Crucial link 切实 执政兴国

把握科学发展观的科学内涵和精神实质

自觉性和坚定性 制约

In earnest

Governance and rejuvenating the nation

Fully understand the content and grasp the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development

Conscious and determined constrain

四、实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求

Basic program 基本纲领

Ensure sound and rapid economic growth 实现经济又好又快发展

Improve economic returns 提高效益

quadruple 翻两番

Capacity for independent innovation 自主创新能力

Scientific and technological advance 科技进步

The ratio of consumption 居民消费率

Interactive 互动

Layout of development priority zones 主体功能区布局

Participation in political affairs 政治参与

Carry out more thoroughly 深入落实

Public awareness of law will be further 全社会法制观念进一步增强

enhanced.Government administration based on the rule 法制政府建设

of law

Cultural and ethical quality 文明素质

Prevail among the people 深入人心

Ideological and ethical trends 思想道德风尚

Every aspect of 全面

National education 国民教育

Education attainment 受教育程度

Employment will be further expanded 社会就业更加充分

System of social security 社会保障体系

Make up the majority 占多数

Circular economy 循环经济

Conservation culture 生态文明

Structure of industries 产业结构

Pattern of growth 增长方式

Mode of consumption 消费模式

Be brought under effective control 得到有效控制

Country with an ancient civilization 历史悠久的文明古国

Enhance our confidence 坚定信心

五、促进国民经济又好又快发展

转变经济增长方式

大力推进经济结构战略性调整

节能环保

社会主义市场经济规律

综合国力

关键

国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要

前沿技术研究

社会公益性技术研究

促进科技成果向现实生产力转化

科技成果产业化

激励机制

一线的创新人才

使全社会创新智慧竞相迸发,各方面创新人才大量涌现

紧迫

扩大国内需求

新型工业化道路

高新技术产业

重中之重

支农惠农政策

保护耕地

乡镇企业

转移农民就业

金融体制

适度规模经营

节能减排

责任制

实现基本公共服务均等化

生产要素

西部大开发

Transformation of the development pattern Vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring

Energy and environment conservation Laws governing the socialist market economy Overall national strength A crucial link Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20)Research in frontier technology Technological research for public welfare Promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces

Application of scientific and technological achievements in production Incentive mechanism Innovative personnel in the frontline of production

Inspire the creative wisdom of the whole

society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas Pressing Boost domestic demand New path of industrialization New-and high-technological industries Make it a top priority Support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers

Protect arable land Rural enterprises Transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels Banking system Appropriate large-scale operations Conserving energy and reducing emissions Responsibility system Ensure equal access to basic public services Factors of production Large-scale development of the western region

Rejuvenate northeast China and other old 全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地

industrial bases Take the lead 率先发展

Economic rims and belts 经济圈和经济带

革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区 Old revolutionary base areas, ethnic

autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas Overall carrying capacity 综合承载能力

City clusters 城市群

Poles of economic growth 经济增长极

公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展 Public ownership is dominant and different

economic sectors develop side by side Non-public sector 非公有制经济

Reinforce each other 相互促进

Deepen the reform to introduce the corporate 深化国有企业公司制股份制改革

and shareholding systems Distribution and structure 布局和结构

Enhance its dynamism, dominance and 增强活力、控制力、影响力

influence

Government regulation 政府监管

Public oversight 社会监督

Collective-owned enterprises 集体企业

Social credibility system 社会信用体系

Public finance system 公共财政体系

Have financial resources proportionate to their 财力和事权相匹配

duties and responsibilities General transfer payments 一般性转移支付

Compensation systems for use of resources 生态环境补偿机制

and for damage to the ecological environment RMB exchange rate regime 人民币汇率形成机制

Make the RMB convertible under capital 实现资本项目可兑换

accounts

Expand opening up in scope and depth 拓展对外开放广度和深度

“bring in” and “go global” “引进来”和“走出去”

Processing trade 加工贸易

六、坚定不移发展社会主义民主政治

Make vigorous yet steady efforts to 积极稳妥推进

Political restructuring 政治体制改革

The position of the people as the masters of 人民当家作主的地位

the country

System of self-governance at the primary level of society

Arouse the initiative of the people 调动人民积极性

Socialist country under the rule of law 社会主义法治国家

Socialist political civilization 社会主义政治文明

坚持党总揽大局、协调各方的领导核心作用 Uphold the Party’s role as the core of the 基层群众自治制度

科学执政、民主执政、依法执政

各个层次、各个领域

最广泛地

合法权益

制度化、规范化、程序化

丰富……形式

民主选举

知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权

履行职能

优化组成人员知识结构和年龄结构

团结和民主

民主监督

参政议政

公开听取意见

公益事业

基础性工程

管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和

职工代表大会

企事业单位

社会主义法治国家

科学立法、民主立法

法律面前一律平等

统一、尊严、权威

司法体制

审判机关、检察机关

政法队伍

保证严格、公正、文明执法

法制宣传

学法守法用法 leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters Scientific, democratic and law-based governance

At each level and in every field As extensively as possible Legitimate rights and interests Define institutions, standards and procedures Diversity its forms Democratic election Rights to be informed, to participate, be heard, and to oversee

Perform their functions Improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age Unity and democracy Democratic oversight Participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs Public hearings Public service programs Groundwork Well-managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony Workers’ conferences Enterprises and public institutions Socialist country under the rule of law Scientific and democratic legislation All citizens are equal before the law Consistency, sanctity and authority Judiciary system Courts and procuratorates Judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel

Ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized

Increase public awareness of law Study, abide by and apply laws Patriotic united front 爱国统一战线

Enhance unity and pool strengths 增进团结、凝聚力量

长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 Long-term coexistence, mutual oversight，sincerity and sharing of both good and bad times

Personages without party affiliation 无党派人士

Non-CPC persons 党外干部

Overseas Chinese nationals 海外侨胞

Returned overseas Chinese and relatives 归侨侨眷

Administration system 行政管理体制

Service-oriented government 服务型政府

E-government 电子政务

Administrative law-enforcement agencies 行政执法部门

Local departments directly under central 垂直管理部门

government organs

Overlapping organization and functions and 机构重叠、职责交叉、政出多门

conflicting policies from different departments Improve the mechanism of restraint and 完善制约和监督机制

oversight

Decision-making, enforcing and oversight 决策权、执行权、监督权

powers Resignation 引咎辞职

Recall 罢免

The oversight role of public opinion 舆论监督

七、推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣

Cohesion 凝聚力

Advanced socialist culture 社会主义先进文化

Inspire the enthusiasm of the people for 使人民精神风貌更加昂扬向上

progress

Inspire the people 鼓舞斗志

Socialist maxims of honors and disgraces 社会主义荣辱观

Guide social ethos 引领风尚

Make every effort to carry out 大力推进

Distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese 鲜明的实践特色、民族特色、时代特色

nation and of the times

Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory 马克思主义理论研究和建设工程

Provide in-depth answers to 深入回答

Cultural and ethical progress 精神文明建设

Guide the trends of thought 引领社会思潮

Respect divergence and allow diversity 尊重差异、包容多样

Academic disciplines, academic viewpoints 科学体系、学术观点 思想库

优秀成果、优秀人才

和谐文化

文明风尚

新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术事业

弘扬社会正气

进城务工人员

网络环境

诚信意识

社会公德

职业道德

家庭美德

个人品德

法定义务

思想政治工作

人文关怀和心理疏导

处理人际关系

动员社会各方面

深入开展

精神文明创建活动

社会志愿服务体系

男女平等、尊老爱幼、互爱互助、见义勇为共有精神家园

不竭动力

全面认识

取其精华、去其糟粕

文物和非物质文化遗产

传播手段

百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针

贴近实际

人民主体地位

群众喜闻乐见

公益性文化事业

出精品、出人才、出效益

大力发展

A think tank

Outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars

A culture of harmony Civilized practices Press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and act

Foster healthy social trends Rural migrant workers in cities Cyber environment Awareness of integrity Social ethics Professional codes of conduct Family virtues Individual morality Legal obligations Ideological and political work Compassionate care and psychological counseling

Handle interpersonal relations Mobilize all sectors of society Carry out intensive activities to Promote cultural and ethical progress System of voluntary public services Gender equality, respecting the elderly and

caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and coming to the rescue of others even at the risk of oneself Common spiritual home for Unfailing driving force Have a comprehensive understanding of Keep its essence and discard its dross Cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage Means of dissemination The principle of let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend

Maintain close contact with reality People’s principal position in the country Popular Nonprofit cultural programs Produce fine works, outstanding personnel and good results Vigorously develop 区域性特色文化产业群

高新技术 文化业态

传输快捷、覆盖广泛

八、加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设

Clusters of cultural industries with regional features

New and high technology

Forms of operation in the cultural industry Fast communication and wide coverage 人民幸福安康

息息相关

努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有居所

基石

教育公平

育人为本、德育为先

高中阶段教育

学前教育

减轻学习负担

规范教育收费

资助制度

远程教育

继续教育

终身学习

扩大就业

以创业带动就业

民生之本

积极的就业政策

市场就业机制

就业结构

农村富余劳动力

就业援助

零就业家庭

高校毕业生

收入分配制度

初次分配

再次分配

劳动报酬

低收入者

财产性收入

People’s well-being Is closely related to Do our best to ensure that all people enjoy

their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing Cornerstone Equal access to education Educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity Senior secondary education Pre-school education Ease the study load Regulate the collection of education-related fees

System of financial aid to students Distance learning Continuing education Lifelong learning Promote job creation Encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities Vital to people’s livelihood Proactive employment policy Market mechanism for employment Employment structure Surplus labor transferred from rural areas Employment assistance Zero-employment families College graduates Income distribution system Primary distribution Redistribution Remuneration Low-income group Property income 工资正常增长机制 支付保障机制 保护合法收入 调节过高收入 取缔非法收入 扩大转移支付 强化税收调节

打破经营垄断 收入分配差距扩大 社会保障体系

社会保险、社会救助、社会福利 党政机关 事业单位 合作医疗制度

完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度

社会保障基金 实现保值增值 优抚安置

人道主义精神 防灾减灾 廉租住房

基本医疗卫生制度

政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开

鼓励社会参与

公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系、药品供应保障体系 重大疾病防控

提高突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力 农村三级卫生服务网络 民族医药 医德医风 基本国策

A mechanism for regular pay increase A mechanism for guaranteeing payment Protect lawful income

Regulate excessively high incomes Ban illegal gains

Increase transfer payments

Intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation

Break business monopolies Growing income disparity Social security system

Social insurance, assistance and welfare Party and government organs Public institutions

Cooperative medical care system

Improve the system of unemployment, workers’ compensation and maternity insurances

Social security funds

Maintain and increase their value

Provide special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and help demobilized military personnel return to civilian life Humanitarian spirit

Disaster prevention and reduction Low-rent housing system

A basic medical and health care system

Separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations

Encourage participation of nongovernmental sectors

Systems of public health services, medical services, medical security, medical supply Prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases

Enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies

Three-tier rural health care network Folk medicines of ethnic minorities

Professional ethics and style of work of health workers

Basic state policy 开展爱国卫生运动 发展妇幼卫生事业 党委领导 社会协同 社会管理格局 最大限度 人民内部矛盾 信访制度 维护群众权益机制

流动人口

重特大安全事故

突发事件应急管理机制 社会治安防控体系 社区警务

打击违法犯罪活动 调动一切积极因素

社会和谐人人有责、和谐社会人人共享 生动局面

Launch patriotic sanitation campaigns

Develop health care programs for women and children

Party committee leadership Nongovernmental support

Structure of social management To the greatest extent

Contradictions among the people

System for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public

Mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people Floating population

Serious and exceptionally serious accidents Mechanism of emergency management Crime prevention and control system Community policing Crack down on crime

Mobilize all positive factors to

Everyone is duty-bound to work for and benefits from social harmony A lively situation in which…

占有重要地位 毛泽东军事思想 做好军事斗争准备 安全威胁 多样化的 领土完整 维护世界和平党对军队绝对领导 思想信念 战斗精神 听党指挥 英勇善战 信息化军队 打赢信息化战争 机械化

九、开创国防和军队现代化建设新局面

Occupy an important place in the overall arrangement of

Mao Zedong’s military thinking Ensure military preparedness Security threats Diverse

Territorial integrity Maintain world peace

The Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces Ideals and beliefs Combat-ready spirit

Following the Party’s orders Fight valiantly and skillfully Computerized armed forces Win IT-based warfare Mechanization 信息化

高素质新型军事人才 从严治军 体制编制

军民结合、寓军于民 军民融合 建军治军 动员体系

预备役部队和民兵 人民武装警察部队 拥军优属、拥政爱民

积极开展军民共建，巩固军政军民团结

Computerization

A new type of high-caliber military personnel Enforce strict discipline on the armed forces Structure, staffing

Integrate military with civilian purpose and combine military efforts with civilian support Military and civilian integration

Building and running the armed forces Mobilization system

The reserves and the militia The People’s Armed Police

Support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs;the military supports the government and cherishes the people

Energetically encourage the military and the people to work together to promote cultural and ethical progress, and consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people

十、推进“一国两制”实践和祖国和平统一大业

Full of vigor 具有强大生命力

Run the country 治国理政

Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and 港人治港、澳人治澳

Macao people administer Macao

Love for the motherland and devotion to their 爱国爱港、爱国爱澳

respective regions

Draw on each other’s strengths and develop 优势互补、共同发展

side by side

External exchanges 对外交往

External forces 外部势力

All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation 全体中华儿女

发展两岸关系、推进和平统一进程的八项主The eight-point proposal for developing the

relations between the two sides of the Taiwan 张

Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification 坚持一个中国原则绝不动摇、争取和平统一We will never waver in our commitment to the 的努力绝不放弃、贯彻寄希望于台湾人民的one-China principle, never abandon our 方针绝不改变、反对“台独”分裂活动绝不妥efforts to achieve peaceful reunification, never

change the policy of placing our hopes on the 协 同属一个中国 理应 郑重呼吁 敌对状态 构建……框架 三通

“台独”分裂势力

以最大诚意、尽最大努力 以任何名义任何方式

people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence”.Belong to one and the same China Have every reason to Make a solemn appeal State of hostility

Construct a frame for…

Direct links of mail, transport and trade Forces for “Taiwan independence”

Make every effort with the utmost sincerity In any name or by any means

十一、始终不渝走和平发展道路

Hegemonism 霸权主义

Power politics 强权政治

Local conflicts 局部冲突

Hotspot issues 热点问题

The North-South gap is widening 南北差距拉大

Universally recognized norms of international 公认的国际关系准则

relations Peace-loving 热爱和平的

Stand for fairness and justice 秉持公道，伸张正义

Arms race 军备竞赛

Legitimate concerns of 正当关切

Increase market access 扩大市场准入

Advance the liberalization and facilitation of 贸易和投资自由化便利化

trade and investment

Seek benefits for itself at the expense of other 损人利己、以邻为壑

countries or shift its troubles onto others Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则

Good-neighborly relations 睦邻友好

贯彻以邻为善、以邻为伴的周边外交方针 Follow the foreign policy of friendship and

partnership

Within our capacity 力所能及

十二、以改革创新精神全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程

Party exercise self-discipline and is strict with its 党要管党、从严治党

members Incorruptible 清廉 反腐倡廉

立党为公、执政为民 艰苦奋斗、清正廉洁 学习型政党 客观世界 主观世界 领导水平执政能力 思想作风 票决制 选举制度

候选人提名制度 政令畅通

公开选拔、竞争上岗、差额选举 任期、回避、交流制度

干部双重管理体制

德才兼备、注重实绩、群众公认

优秀年轻干部 生产一线 党政领导机关 党校 行政学院 干部学院

人才辈出、人尽其才 生命所系、力量所在 党章

建立党员党性定期分析制度

流动党员 动态管理

历史唯物主义观点 群众路线

权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋学风和文风

讲党性、重品行、做表率

Fight corruption and uphold integrity

Party that is built for public interests and exercises governance for the people Hardworking and clean

A party committed to learning Objective world Subjective world Art of leadership Governance capacity The way of thinking System of voting Electoral system

System for nominating candidates

Ensure its resolutions and decisions are carried out effectively

Open selection, competition for position and multi-candidate election

Tenure system, recusal system, system for transferring leading cadres between different posts

System of dual administration of cadres

Political integrity, professional competence and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support

Outstanding young cadres Frontline of production

Party and government leading organs Party school

School of administration Cadre academy

Capable people come forth in great numbers and put their talents to best use

The source of life and strength for Party Constitution

Introduce the practice of regularly reviewing Party members’ compliance with the Party spirit Party members among the floating population Dynamic management

Viewpoint of historical materialism The mass line

Exercising power for the people, showing concern for them and working for their interests Styles of study and writing

Uphold the Party spirit, be impeccable in moral

积极进行批评和自我批评 党纪国法

继承优良传统，弘扬新风正气 关系人心向背和党的生死存亡 标本兼治 治本 惩防并举 拒腐防变 巡视制度 不正之风

坚决查处违纪违法案件

腐败分子 抚今追昔 展望未来 清醒意识到 基本实现现代化 居安思危 忧患意识 戒骄戒躁 顾全大局

standard and play an exemplary role in society Vigorously practice criticism and self-criticism Party discipline and state laws

Carry forward the Party’s fine traditions and promote new healthy trends

Bear on the popular support for the Party and on its very survival

Address both its symptoms and root cause Remove its root cause

Combine punishment with prevention Resist corruption and decadence System of inspection tours Unhealthy practices

All cases involving violation of law and discipline are thoroughly investigated and dealt with

Corruptionist Review the past Look ahead

Be keenly aware that

Realize modernization by and large

Stay prepared for adversities in time of peace Be mindful of potential dangers

Guard against arrogance and rashness Bear the overall interests in mind

第三篇：十八大报告中英文对照

政府工作报告

——2013年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上 国务院总理 温家宝

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT Delivered at the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2013 Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council 各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年的政府工作，并对今年工作提出建议，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the government's work of the past five years and suggestions for its work this year for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、过去五年工作回顾

I.Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。我们有效应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，国内生产总值从26.6万亿元增加到51.9万亿元，跃升到世界第二位；公共财政收入从5.1万亿元增加到11.7万亿元；累计新增城镇就业5870万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别增长8.8%、9.9%；粮食产量实现“九连增”；重要领域改革取得新进展，开放型经济达到新水平；创新型国家建设取得新成就，载人航天、探月工程、载人深潜、北斗卫星导航系统、超级计算机、高速铁路等实现重大突破，第一艘航母“辽宁舰”入列；成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会；夺取抗击汶川特大地震、玉树强烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等严重自然灾害和灾后恢复重建重大胜利。我国社会生产力和综合国力显著提高，人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高，国际地位和国际影响力显著提高。我们圆满完成“十一五”规划，顺利实施“十二五”规划。社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设取得重大进展，谱写了中国特色社会主义事业新篇章。

The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.Progress was made in key areas of reform;and the open economy reached a new stage of development.We made China more innovative.Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.We made significant socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features: 一是有效应对国际金融危机，促进经济平稳较快发展。过去五年，我们是在持续应对国际金融危机严重冲击中走过来的。这场危机来势之猛、扩散之快、影响之深，百年罕见。我们沉着应对，及时果断调整宏观调控着力点，出台进一步扩大内需、促进经济平稳较快增长的十项措施，全面实施一揽子计划。两年新增4万亿元投资，其中中央财政投资1.26万亿元，主要用于保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、基础设施、社会事业、生态环保、自主创新等方面建设和灾后恢复重建。五年来，新建各类保障性住房1800多万套，棚户区改造住房1200多万套；完成大中型和重点小型水库除险加固1.8万座，治理重点中小河流2.45万公里，新增节水灌溉面积770万公顷；新增铁路里程1.97万公里，其中高速铁路8951公里，京沪、京广、哈大等高铁和一批城际铁路相继投入运营；新增公路60.9万公里，其中高速公路4．2万公里，高速公路总里程达9.56万公里；新建机场31个；新增万吨级港口泊位602个；一批跨江跨海大桥、连岛工程相继建成；西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程顺利推进或建成；非化石能源快速发展，水电、风电装机位居世界第一；重建后的汶川、玉树、舟曲等灾区发生了翻天覆地的变化。这些举世瞩目的成就，对我们有效应对国际金融危机严重冲击发挥了至关重要的作用，为经济社会长远发展打下了坚实基础，已经并将继续造福亿万人民。

我们始终注重处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，增强宏观政策的前瞻性、科学性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重点。在国际金融危机冲击最严重时，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用多种财政政策工具，增加政府支出，实行结构性减税；有效运用存款准备金率、利率等货币政策工具，保持货币信贷合理增长。根据宏观经济走势的变化，我们及时调整政策力度，适时退出刺激政策，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。在财政政策运用上，坚持统筹兼顾，注重综合平衡。财政赤字占国内生产总值的比重从2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和债务负担率保持在安全水平。加强地方政府性债务全面审计和地方政府融资平台管理，有效控制经济运行中的风险隐患。在货币政策运用上，始终注意把握稳增长、控物价和防风险之间的平衡。金融体系运行稳健，银行业风险抵御能力持续增强，资本充足率从2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良贷款率由6.1%下降到0.95%。坚持搞好房地产市场调控不动摇，遏制了房价过快上涨势头。2012年，在世界各大经济体增长全面减速、各种风险不断暴露的情况下，我们合理把握政策力度，保持财政预算支出规模不变，优化支出结构，扭转经济下滑趋势，全面实现年初确定的主要目标，国内生产总值增长7.8%，城镇新增就业1266万人，居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，为今年经济发展打下好的基础。

这五年，我国宏观经济总体上保持增速平稳较快、物价相对稳定、就业持续增加、国际收支趋于平衡的良好态势，国内生产总值年均增长9.3%，显著高于同期全球和新兴经济体的增速，通货膨胀率远低于其他新兴经济体。我国经济稳定，充满活力。

回首这五年，面对国际经济形势复杂多变、持续低迷的严峻挑战，中央科学判断、果断决策，有效避免了我国现代化进程因巨大的外部冲击而出现大的波折，实践证明这些决策部署是完全正确的。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's wellbeing, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.Over the past five years: More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development.They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions of people.We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions.We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level.We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.The financial system functioned soundly.The banking sector became better able to avert risks.Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans dropped from 6.1% to 0.95%.We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%.All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.Over the past five years: China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.Prices remained fairly stable.Employment steadily increased.The balance of payments moved toward equilibrium.GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks.Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快经济结构调整，提高经济发展的质量和效益。坚持实施扩大内需战略，内需对经济增长的贡献率明显提高，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值的比重从10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消费结构加快升级。2012年底，城镇和农村人均住房面积32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分别比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城镇居民每百户拥有家用汽车21.5辆，比2007年增加15.5辆；旅游、文化消费大幅增加。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，大力推进产业转型升级。我国制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业增加值年均增长13.4%，成为国民经济重要先导性、支柱性产业；清洁能源、节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物医药、高端装备制造等一批战略性新兴产业快速发展。产品质量整体水平不断提高。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高2.7个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。扎实推进节能减排和生态环境保护。五年累计，共淘汰落后炼铁产能1.17亿吨、炼钢产能7800万吨、水泥产能7.75亿吨；新增城市污水日处理能力4600万吨；单位国内生产总值能耗下降17.2%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量分别下降15.7%和17.5%。修订环境空气质量标准，增加细颗粒物PM2.5等监测指标。推进天然林保护、退耕还林、防沙治沙等重点生态工程建设，五年累计完成造林2953万公顷，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196万公顷，综合治理水土流失面积24.6万平方公里，整治国土面积18万平方公里。深入实施区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，加快推进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展，制定实施新十年农村扶贫开发纲要，将扶贫标准提高到2300元（2010年不变价），加强集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。中西部和东北地区主要发展指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快，各具特色、良性互动的区域发展格局正在形成。积极稳妥推进城镇化，五年转移农村人口8463万人，城镇化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城乡结构发生了历史性变化。城乡、区域发展的协调性明显增强。

2.Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand.As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.--At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.--Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.--Travel-and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.--China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world.With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.--Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.--The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.--The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment.Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed:--Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.--Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.--Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.Moreover, in the past five years:--Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.--Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.--Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.--Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.--Environmental air quality standards were revised.--The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2.5)was added.Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification.Over the past five years:--An additional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.--Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.--Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.--A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new ten-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average.Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently.Over the past five years:--A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.--The urbanization level rose from 45.9% to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放松地抓好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础地位。我们坚持在工业化、信息化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化，集中力量办成了一些关系农业农村长远发展、关系农民切身利益的大事。加大财政投入，中央财政“三农”累计支出4.47万亿元，年均增长23.5％。建立健全种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，补贴标准逐年提高，覆盖范围不断扩大，补贴资金从2007年的639亿元增加到2012年的1923亿元。加强农村金融服务，涉农贷款余额从2007年末的6.12万亿元增加到2012年末的17.63万亿元。实行粮食最低收购价政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价累计提高41.7%到86.7%。加强耕地保护，维护农民权益，为完善农村集体土地征收补偿制度做了大量准备工作。加快推进农业科技进步和现代农业建设，加大对良种繁育、动植物疫病防控、基层农技推广的支持力度。大力兴修水利，开展农村土地整治，建设高标准农田，耕地面积保持在18.2亿亩以上。粮食综合生产能力跃上新台阶，粮食总产量连续6年稳定在万亿斤以上并逐年增加。加强农村水电路气等基础设施建设，新建改建农村公路146.5万公里，改造农村危房1033万户，解决了3亿多农村人口的饮水安全和无电区445万人的用电问题，农村生产生活条件不断改善。积极引导农村富余劳动力转向非农产业，农民人均纯收入持续较快增长，2010年以来城乡居民相对收入差距逐步缩小。深化农村综合改革。集体林权制度主体改革基本完成，全面推进农村集体土地确权颁证工作，开展农村土地承包经营权登记试点。农业农村发展的好形势，为应对国际金融危机和各种自然灾害严重冲击、稳定经济社会发展大局提供了重要支撑。

3.Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies(ICT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.--We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.--We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.--We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.--We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.--We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.--We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modern agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.--We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.--Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons.--We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity.We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply.This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.--We encouraged surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment.The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.--We deepened overall rural reform.--We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是坚持实施科教兴国战略，增强经济社会发展的核心支撑能力。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，制定实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要、国家中长期人才发展规划纲要和国家知识产权战略，推动科技、教育、文化事业全面发展，为国家长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

优先发展教育事业。国家财政性教育经费支出五年累计7.79万亿元，年均增长21.58%，2012年占国内生产总值比例达到4%。教育资源重点向农村、边远、民族、贫困地区倾斜，教育公平取得明显进步。全面实现城乡九年免费义务教育，惠及1.6亿学生。实施学前教育三年行动计划，“入园难”问题有所缓解。国家助学制度不断完善，建立了家庭经济困难学生资助体系，实现从学前教育到研究生教育各个阶段全覆盖，每年资助金额近1000亿元，资助学生近8000万人次。实施中等职业教育免学费政策，覆盖范围包括所有农村学生、城市涉农专业学生和家庭经济困难学生。初步解决进城务工人员随迁子女在城市接受义务教育问题，现有1260万农村户籍孩子在城市接受义务教育。实施惠及3000多万农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善计划。完成中小学校舍安全工程。加快职业教育基础能力和特殊教育基础设施建设。义务教育学校实施绩效工资，在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育，加强了农村教师队伍建设。全面提高教育质量和水平，高等教育毛入学率提高到30%。国民受教育程度大幅提升，15岁以上人口平均受教育年限达到9年以上。大力推动自主创新。中央财政用于科技的投入五年累计8729亿元，年均增长超过18%。全社会研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比重由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企业研发活动支出占比超过74%。出台深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见。深入实施国家技术创新工程和知识创新工程，扎实推进国家科技重大专项，新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。加强基础研究和前沿探索，突破一批关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。

深入实施人才强国战略。以高层次、高技能人才为重点，加强各类人才队伍建设，专业技术人才、高技能人才分别增加860万人和880万人，留学回国人员达到54万人。大力加强文化建设。覆盖城乡的公共文化设施网络体系初步建成，博物馆、图书馆、文化馆（站）实现免费开放。国有经营性文化单位转企改制任务基本完成，公益性文化事业单位内部机制改革不断深化。哲学社会科学、新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等更加繁荣，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。对外文化交流更加活跃。全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。

4.Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country's core ability to sustain economic and social development We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development;formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights.This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.We gave high priority to developing education.Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012.We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education.We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased.We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school.We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students.We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families.The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities.We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students.We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings.We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education.The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance.Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened.The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%.The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.We vigorously promoted innovation.The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%.China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies.The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted.We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers.We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel.We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel.As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively.A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector.A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge.We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of nonprofit cultural institutions.Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly.We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage.Cultural exchanges with other countries increased.New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是坚持把人民利益放在第一位，着力保障和改善民生。我们把就业作为保障和改善民生的头等大事，实施积极的就业政策。加强重点人群就业工作，提高职业培训和就业服务水平，五年累计投入就业专项资金1973亿元，实现高校毕业生就业2800万人，城镇就业困难人员就业830万人，保持了就业形势总体稳定。全面推进社会保障体系建设，建立新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度，城乡居民基本养老保险实现了制度全覆盖，各项养老保险参保达到7.9亿人。企业退休人员基本养老金从2004年人均每月700元提高到现在的1721元。妥善解决关闭破产企业退休人员、困难企业职工、国有企业老工伤人员、未参保集体企业退休人员社会保险等问题。深化医药卫生体制改革，建立新型农村合作医疗制度和城镇居民基本医疗保险制度，全民基本医保体系初步形成，各项医疗保险参保超过13亿人，加强城乡基层医疗卫生服务体系建设，建立基本药物制度并在基层医疗机构实施，公立医院改革试点稳步推进。国民健康水平进一步提高，人均预期寿命达到75岁。健全城乡居民低保、医疗、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤儿保障、流浪儿童救助保护、农村五保供养制度。颁布实施新的中国妇女、儿童发展纲要，依法保障妇女儿童合法权益。建立健全城镇保障性住房制度，覆盖面逐步扩大，2012年底已达到12.5%。社会保障制度建设取得历史性的巨大成就。不断加强和创新社会管理，建立健全应急管理体系，发挥城乡社区自治和服务功能，社会保持和谐稳定。

5.Putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy.Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services.As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment.All this kept the overall employment situation stable.We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents.A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present.We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes.We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions.Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals.People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved.We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system.We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.六是深化重要领域改革，增强经济社会发展的内在活力。我们不失时机地推进改革，在一些重要领域取得重大进展。大力推进财税体制改革，完善转移支付制度，全面建立县级基本财力保障机制，基层政府提供基本公共服务的能力有所提高；由公共财政预算、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算、社会保险基金预算组成的预算体系框架基本形成，预算外资金全部纳入预算管理；统一内外资企业税制，实现增值税转型，实施成品油价格和税费改革，开展营业税改征增值税试点，改革资源税制度，财税体制对加快转变经济发展方式的促进作用增强。全面深化金融体制改革，国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革有序推进，农村信用社改革成效明显，银行业新监管标准实施，创业板、股指期货和融资融券业务相继推出，保险业改革开放深入推进，人民币汇率形成机制不断完善，利率市场化和资本项目可兑换改革稳步推进，建立宏观审慎政策框架，扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。我国银行、证券、保险业的抗风险能力和国际竞争力显著提升，为成功应对国际金融危机冲击奠定了坚实基础。国有企业改革不断深化，素质提高，竞争力明显增强。制定鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的指导意见和实施细则，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善。建立生态补偿制度，开展排污权和碳排放权交易试点。事业单位分类改革积极推进。

6.Deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country.County-and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services.We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extrabudgetary funds were placed under budgetary management.We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system.This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system.Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way.We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading.We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider.We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macroprudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced.We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved.We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights.We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.七是坚定不移扩大对外开放，全面提升开放型经济水平。我们积极应对外部环境的急剧变化，及时出台稳定外需的政策措施，实施市场多元化战略，进出口总额年均增长12.2%，从世界第三位提升到第二位，其中出口额跃居世界第一位，占国际市场份额比2007年提高2个多百分点，进出口结构优化，贸易大国地位进一步巩固。五年累计实际利用外资5528亿美元，利用外资的结构和布局明显优化，质量和水平显著提升。加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励各类企业开展对外投资和跨国经营，非金融类对外直接投资从2007年的248亿美元上升到2012年的772亿美元，年均增长25.5%，跻身对外投资大国行列。对外开放有力促进了我国经济发展和结构优化，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，增加了就业和职工收入，也为推动世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。

7.Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance of the open economy We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets.During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world.China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007.China's import and export mix improved, and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.We quickened the implementation of the “go global” strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas.Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%.This turned China into a major overseas investor country.Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.八是切实加强政府自身建设，进一步深化行政体制改革。推进政府机构改革，初步建立职能统一的大部门体制框架。我们始终把实行科学民主决策、坚持依法行政、推进政务公开、健全监督制度、加强廉政建设作为政府工作的基本准则。在规范行政权力运行，建设服务政府、责任政府、法治政府和廉洁政府方面，采取了一系列新举措，迈出了新步伐。坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，健全公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查和集体讨论决定等政府决策程序。深化行政审批制度改革，五年中分两轮取消和调整行政审批事项498项，国务院各部门取消和调整的审批项目总数达到2497项，占原有审批项目的69.3%。大力推动政务公开，重点推进财政预算决算公开和公务接待、公务车购置使用、因公出国出境经费公开，让人民群众更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地监督政府行为。审计监督的力度越来越大，成效越来越明显。全面加强反腐倡廉建设，加强领导干部廉洁自律的监督管理。探索建立政府绩效管理制度，建立并切实执行以行政首长为重点的行政问责制度，努力提高行政效能。

8.Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed.We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity.We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government.We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law;soliciting opinions from the public;and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years.Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% of the original total.We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes.This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective.We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined.We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！

五年来，我们贯彻民族区域自治法，支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策体系更加完善，民族团结进步事业焕发出新的蓬勃生机。

全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理的法制化、规范化水平进一步提升。认真贯彻侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益，侨务资源的独特优势得到进一步发挥。国防和军队建设开创新局面。中国特色军事变革取得重大成就，军队革命化现代化正规化建设协调推进、全面加强，军事斗争准备不断深化，履行新世纪新阶段历史使命能力显著增强，出色完成一系列急难险重任务。

港澳台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，同内地交流合作提高到新水平。推动两岸关系实现重大转折，两岸直接双向“三通”全面实现，签署实施两岸经济合作框架协议，形成两岸全方位交往格局，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。

全方位外交取得新的重大进展。我们积极推进同各大国关系，加强与周边邻国的互利合作关系，顺利建成中国－东盟自贸区，推动上海合作组织等区域合作机制发展，深化同广大发展中国家的传统友谊与合作，积极参与应对国际金融危机、气候变化等全球性问题的国际合作，推动解决国际和地区热点问题，为我国改革发展稳定营造了有利的国际环境，为世界和平稳定发展繁荣作出重要贡献。Fellow Deputies, Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law-and procedure-based basis.We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families;and we put their unique strengths to better use.New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based.They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height.We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented.This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.Major new progress was made in China's all-around diplomacy.We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries.We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hotspot issues.We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.二、今年经济社会发展的总体要求、主要预期目标和宏观经济政策

II.General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

党的十八大科学总结了过去五年的工作和党的十六大以来的奋斗历程和历史性成就，确定了全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革开放的目标，对进一步推进中国特色社会主义事业作出了全面部署。

2013年是全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神的开局之年，是实施“十二五”规划承前启后的关键一年，是为全面建成小康社会奠定坚实基础的重要一年。我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期，经济社会发展具备很多有利条件和积极因素，也面临不少风险和挑战。国际金融危机深层次影响持续显现，世界经济复苏充满不确定性、不稳定性。我们既要看到形势的积极方面，坚定信心，也要看到形势的复杂性，增强忧患意识和紧迫感，兢兢业业、扎扎实实做好工作。

今年工作的总体要求是：深入学习和全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，紧紧围绕主题主线，以提高经济增长质量和效益为中心，深化改革开放，实施创新驱动战略，稳中求进，开拓创新，扎实开局，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设，实现经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定。

今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长7.5%左右，发展的协调性进一步增强；居民消费价格涨幅3.5%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率低于4.6%；城乡居民人均收入实际增长与经济增长同步，劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步；国际收支状况进一步改善。这里，着重对经济增长和物价总水平两个指标作些说明。关于经济增长目标。这是一个综合性指标，各方面高度关注。今年经济增长预期目标定为7.5%左右，主要基于两方面考虑：一方面，要继续抓住机遇、促进发展。这些年，我国制造业积累了较大产能，基础设施状况大为改善，支撑能力明显增强，储蓄率较高，劳动力总量仍然很大。必须优化配置和利用生产要素，保持合理的增长速度，为增加就业、改善民生提供必要条件，为转方式、调结构创造稳定环境；必须使经济增长与潜在增长率相协调，与生产要素的供给能力和资源环境的承受能力相适应。另一方面，要切实按照科学发展观的要求，引导各方面把工作重心放到加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构上，放到提高经济增长的质量和效益上，推动经济持续健康发展。综合权衡，今年的经济增长目标定为7.5%左右是必要的、适宜的，实现这个目标需要付出艰苦努力。

关于物价总水平。保持物价总水平基本稳定始终是宏观调控的重要目标。去年居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，这是我们控制通货膨胀取得的一个重要成果，也与经济运行整体态势有关。今年通货膨胀压力仍然较大，主要是：我国土地、劳动力等要素价格，农产品和服务类价格都存在上涨压力；主要发达国家实行宽松货币政策并不断加码，输入性通货膨胀压力不容忽视；理顺能源资源价格需要留出一定空间；去年价格上涨的翘尾影响约有1个百分点。把居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考虑各方面因素后作出的选择。要切实保障重要商品供给，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加强市场价格监管，保持物价总水平基本稳定。

实现上述目标，必须继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，保持政策连续性和稳定性，增强前瞻性、针对性和灵活性。

继续实施积极的财政政策。更好地发挥积极财政政策在稳增长、调结构、促改革、惠民生中的作用。一是适当增加财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字1.2万亿元，比去年预算增加4000亿元，其中中央财政赤字8500亿元，代地方发债3500亿元。这主要是考虑到结构性减税的滞后效应，今年财政收入增长不会太快，但财政刚性支出增加，特别是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持对经济增长和结构调整的支持力度，适当扩大财政赤字和国债规模是必要的。同时，目前我国债务负担率相对较低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，总体上处于安全水平。二是结合税制改革完善结构性减税政策。重点是加快推进营业税改征增值税试点工作，完善试点办法，适时扩大试点地区和行业范围。三是着力优化财政支出结构。继续向教育、医药卫生、社会保障等民生领域和薄弱环节倾斜，严格控制行政经费等一般性支出，勤俭办一切事业。中央预算内投资主要投向保障性安居工程，农业、水利、城市管网等基础设施，社会事业等民生工程，节能减排和生态环境等领域。四是继续加强地方政府性债务管理。妥善处理债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题，积极推进地方政府性债务管理制度建设，合理控制地方政府性债务水平。

继续实施稳健的货币政策。把握好促进经济增长、稳定物价和防范金融风险之间的平衡。一是健全宏观审慎政策框架，发挥货币政策逆周期调节作用。广义货币M2预期增长目标拟定为13%左右。综合运用多种货币政策工具，调节市场流动性，保持货币信贷合理增长，适当扩大社会融资规模。完善货币政策传导机制，加强金融监管与货币政策的协调，不断优化监管标准和监管方式。二是促进金融资源优化配置。引导金融机构加大对经济结构调整特别是“三农”、小微企业、战略性新兴产业等的金融支持，满足国家重点在建续建项目资金需求。拓宽实体经济融资渠道，降低实体经济融资成本。促进资本市场稳定健康发展。三是守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险底线。引导金融机构稳健经营，加强对局部和区域性风险以及金融机构表外业务风险的监管，提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished.There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development.The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing.We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident;but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.The general requirements for this year's work are:--Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.--Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.--Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.--Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.--Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.--Deepen reform and opening up.--Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.--Make progress while ensuring stability.--Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.--Get off to a good start.--Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress.--Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:--Increase GDP by about 7.5%.--Better coordinate development.--Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.--Add more than 9 million urban jobs.--Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.--Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.--Further improve the balance of payments.Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all.In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development.Over the years, the capacity of China's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development.The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large.We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's wellbeing and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure.We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target.Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%.This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance.This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure.The main reasons are:--There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.--Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.--We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.--The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year.We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts.This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year.This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local governments.The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase.In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's wellbeing and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment.Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt.It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system.The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's wellbeing.We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do.Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects;infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks;social programs and other projects to improve people's wellbeing;and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt.We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments.The target for growth of the broad money supply(M2)is about 13%.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount.We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.Second, we will better allocate financial resources.We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion.We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs.We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks.We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、对今年政府工作的建议

III.Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

结合过去十年特别是近五年工作的体会，对今年政府主要工作提出以下建议。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.（一）加快转变经济发展方式，促进经济持续健康发展。我国社会主义现代化建设取得的一切成就都建立在经济持续健康发展的基础之上，经济不发展，什么事情都办不成。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界上最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。必须坚持以经济建设为中心，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。只要我们牢牢把握发展的重要战略机遇期，尊重发展规律，创新发展理念，破解发展难题，加快转变经济发展方式，在发展中促转变，在转变中谋发展，就一定能实现经济持续健康发展。要坚定不移地把扩大内需作为经济发展的长期战略方针，充分发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用。扩大内需的难点和重点在消费，潜力也在消费。扩大居民消费要在提高消费能力、稳定消费预期、增强消费意愿、改善消费环境上下功夫，不断提高消费对经济增长的拉动力。现阶段，投资在促进经济增长中的作用不可低估。我国既有投资能力，又有投资需求，关键在于选准方向、优化结构、提高投资的质量和效益。政府投资对社会投资具有十分重要的引导作用，但占全社会投资的比重越来越小，必须进一步放宽民间投资市场准入，激发民间投资活力。

要大力推进转变经济发展方式，加快产业结构调整。我国生产力发展水平具有多层次性，回旋余地很大，无论传统产业还是新兴产业、劳动密集型产业还是资金密集型产业，都有发展的空间，重要的是优化资源配置和产业布局，解决产能过剩、核心技术缺乏、产品附加值低的问题，解决低水平重复建设和地区产业结构趋同的问题。必须加快改造提升传统产业，大力发展高新技术产业，提高产品质量和市场竞争力。要加强政策引导，鼓励企业跨行业跨区域跨所有制兼并重组，利用市场倒逼机制促进优胜劣汰。以扩大国内市场应用、重要关键技术攻关为重点，推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。积极推动信息化和工业化融合，加快建设新一代信息基础设施，促进信息网络技术广泛应用。坚持生产性服务业和生活性服务业并重，现代服务业和传统服务业并举，进一步发展壮大服务业。

要顺应人民群众对美好生活环境的期待，大力加强生态文明建设和环境保护。生态环境关系人民福祉，关乎子孙后代和民族未来。要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。大力推进能源资源节约和循环利用，重点抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构等领域节能，控制能源消费总量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放强度。要加快调整经济结构和布局，抓紧完善标准、制度和法规体系，采取切实的防治污染措施，促进生产方式和生活方式的转变，下决心解决好关系群众切身利益的大气、水、土壤等突出环境污染问题，改善环境质量，维护人民健康，用实际行动和成效让人民看到希望。要做好气象、地质、地震等方面工作，提高防灾减灾能力。优化国土空间开发格局，合理控制开发强度，调整空间结构。加强海洋综合管理，发展海洋经济，提高海洋资源开发能力，保护海洋生态环境，维护国家海洋权益。

要继续深入实施区域发展总体战略，促进区域经济协调发展。充分发挥各地比较优势，统筹规划、分类指导，优先推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展，加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，深入推进集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

1.Accelerating the change of the growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development All the achievements we have made in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time.This basic national condition has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world.Development is still the key to solving all our problems.We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment.The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies.To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated.China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns.Governmental investment is important in guiding nongovernmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry.China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver.Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development.The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures.We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new-and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.We should strengthen policy guidance;encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership;and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies.We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection.The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's wellbeing and also posterity and the future of our nation.We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations.We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live.We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests;improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action and achievements.We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout.We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions.We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances.We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）强化农业农村发展基础，推动城乡发展一体化。近些年是我国农业发展最快、农村面貌变化最大、农民得到实惠最多的时期。当前，农业农村发展进入一个新阶段，呈现出农业生产综合成本上升、农产品供求结构性矛盾突出、农村社会结构深刻变动、城乡发展加快融合的态势，全面建成小康社会的重点难点仍然在农村。必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重，这是历史经验的科学总结，既管当前，也管长远，是长期指导思想。农村土地制度关乎农村的根本稳定，也关乎中国的长远发展，其核心是要保障农民的财产权益，底线是严守18亿亩耕地红线。要坚持以家庭承包经营为基础，支持发展多种形式新型农民合作组织和多层次的农业社会化服务组织，逐步构建集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系，始终注重保护法律赋予农民的财产权利，调动农民积极性。毫不放松粮食生产，建设高标准基本农田，推广先进技术，增强农业综合生产能力，保障粮食和重要农产品的有效供给。要继续加大“三农”投入，加强农村基础设施建设和基本公共服务体系建设，推动城乡发展一体化，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农、城乡关系。要采取有效措施，稳定农业生产经营队伍，积极培育新型农民。

城镇化是我国现代化建设的历史任务，与农业现代化相辅相成。要遵循城镇化的客观规律，积极稳妥推动城镇化健康发展。坚持科学规划、合理布局、城乡统筹、节约用地、因地制宜、提高质量。特大城市和大城市要合理控制规模，充分发挥辐射带动作用；中小城市和小城镇要增强产业发展、公共服务、吸纳就业、人口集聚功能。加快推进户籍制度、社会管理体制和相关制度改革，有序推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步实现城镇基本公共服务覆盖常住人口，为人们自由迁徙、安居乐业创造公平的制度环境。村庄建设要注意保持乡村风貌，营造宜居环境，使城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。

2.Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in any other period.Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up.All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas.We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work.This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future.The rural land system is central to maintaining rural stability and ensuring China's long-term development.Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares.We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated.We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products.We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers;improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas;and promote integration of urban and rural development.We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated.We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other.We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently.We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions.Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents.We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions;register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner;progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents;and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.（三）以保障和改善民生为重点，全面提高人民物质文化生活水平。2003年抗击突如其来的非典疫情给我们的重要启示之一，就是要统筹经济社会发展。这些年我们在发展经济的同时，更加重视保障改善民生和发展社会事业，政府工作力度之大、财政投入资金之多前所未有。经过不懈努力，我国经济社会发展的协调性明显增强。当前社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会矛盾明显增多。我们必须把保障和改善民生作为政府一切工作的出发点和落脚点，放在更加突出的位置，着力加强社会建设。

千方百计扩大就业。坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，通过稳定经济增长和调整经济结构增加就业岗位，加强职业技能培训，提高劳动者就业创业能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就业服务体系，鼓励创业带动就业，做好重点人群就业工作，促进城乡居民收入持续稳定增长。

完善社会保障制度。坚持全覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续方针，不断扩大社会保障覆盖面，提高统筹层次和保障水平，加强各项制度的完善和衔接，增强公平性，适应流动性，保证可持续性。今年企业退休人员基本养老金继续提高10%，城乡低保和优抚对象补助标准也进一步提高。要加大对社会养老服务体系和儿童福利机构建设的支持力度。深化医药卫生事业改革发展。巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制，加快公立医院改革，鼓励社会办医。扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展。健全全民医保体系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助机制，全面开展儿童白血病等20种重大疾病保障试点工作。今年新农合和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准由25元提高到30元。逐步完善人口政策。坚持计划生育基本国策，适应我国人口总量和结构变动趋势，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题，促进人口长期均衡发展。重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业。

加强和创新社会管理。改进政府提供公共服务方式，加强基层社会管理和服务体系建设，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业。改革社会组织管理体制，引导社会组织健康有序发展。建立健全维护群众权益机制，完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动的工作体系，健全法律援助制度，推动涉法涉诉信访工作改革，畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障渠道，健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估和突发事件应急管理机制，维护社会公共安全，促进社会和谐稳定。食品药品安全是人们关注的突出问题，要改革和健全食品药品安全监管体制，加强综合协调联动，落实企业主体责任，严格从生产源头到消费的全程监管，加快形成符合国情、科学合理的食品药品安全体系，提升食品药品安全保障水平。强化公共安全体系和企业安全生产基础建设，遏制重特大安全事故。

加强房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。坚决抑制投机、投资性需求，抓紧完善稳定房价工作责任制和房地产市场调控政策体系，健全房地产市场稳定健康发展长效机制。继续抓好保障性安居工程建设和管理，让老百姓住上放心房、满意房。今年城镇保障性住房基本建成470万套、新开工630万套，继续推进农村危房改造。

教育和科技在现代化建设中具有基础性、先导性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脉和人民的精神家园，必须放在更加重要的战略位置。

继续推进教育优先发展。目前我国财政性教育经费支出总额已经超过2万亿元，今后还要继续增加，必须把这些钱用好，让人民满意。要进一步深化教育综合改革，切实解决社会普遍关注的重大问题。着力推动义务教育均衡发展，加快发展现代职业教育，提高各级各类教育质量，进一步促进教育公平，为国家发展提供强大的人力资源支撑。深化科技体制改革。推动科技与经济紧密结合，着力构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。瞄准关系全局和长远发展的战略必争领域，加强基础研究、前沿先导技术研究。健全科技资源开放共享机制，完善支持科技发展和成果应用转化的财税、金融、产业技术和人才政策，创造公平开放的创新环境，最大限度地调动广大科技工作者的积极性、主动性，激发全社会的创新活力。

扎实推进文化建设。把文化改革发展纳入经济社会发展总体规划，列入各级政府效能和领导干部政绩考核体系，推动文化事业全面繁荣、文化产业快速发展。政府要履行好发展公益性文化事业的责任，加快推进重点文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服务体系。广泛开展全民健身运动，促进群众体育和竞技体育全面发展。

大力加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德教育。推动诚信体系建设，以政务诚信带动商务诚信和社会诚信，形成良好的社会风尚。

3.Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated.In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before.These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.The structure of Chinese society, its forms of organization, and the pattern of interests in society have all undergone profound changes, and social problems have increased markedly.We must make ensuring and improving people's wellbeing the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.We should do all we can to increase employment.We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy.We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs or start their own businesses.We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business startups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.We should improve the social security system.We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security.We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage nongovernmental bodies to operate hospitals.We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine.We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against 20 serious diseases.(Note: They are childhood leukemia, congenital heart disease in children, uremia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, holergasia, drug-resistant tuberculosis, opportunistic AIDS and HIV infection, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cheilopalatognathus.)This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.We should progressively improve the government population policy.We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning.In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development.We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.We should strengthen and make innovations in social management.We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs.We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development.We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests;improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation;strengthen the system of legal assistance;and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues.We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests.We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism.The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern.We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination.We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety.We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development.We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with.This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.Education, science and technology play a fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging.They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.We should continue to give top priority to developing education.China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase.We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people.We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern.We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels.This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology.We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes.We should focus on priority areas of strategic importance that are vital to China's overall and long-term development, and strengthen basic research and research on frontier and leading technologies.We should improve the mechanism for openly sharing scientific and technological resources and the fiscal, taxation, banking, industrial technology and personnel policies that support scientific and technological development and industrial application of scientific and technological advances, create a fair and open environment for making innovations, keep scientists and technicians fully motivated, and unleash the creativity of the whole society.We should effectively advance development of the cultural sector.We should incorporate reform and development of the cultural sector into general plans for economic and social development, and include them in the system for evaluating the performance of governments and officials at all levels so as to promote all-around cultural prosperity and fast development of the cultural sector.The government needs to fulfill its responsibility to develop nonprofit cultural programs, accelerate key cultural projects for the people, and improve the system of public cultural services.We should extensively carry out public fitness activities and promote comprehensive development of both recreational and competitive sports.We should greatly increase education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal integrity.We should promote a creditability system, use political integrity to improve business and public integrity, and foster healthy social conduct.（四）以更大的政治勇气和智慧，深入推进改革开放。改革开放是国家发展进步的根本动力。只有坚持改革开放，才能把我们的事业继续推向前进。我国改革已进入攻坚阶段，必须进一步解放思想，全面深化经济体制改革，继续积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，深化文化体制改革，加快推进社会体制改革，加强生态文明制度建设，不断把改革引向深入。要进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，形成各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。深化国有企业改革以及重点行业改革。加快财税体制改革，理顺中央和地方财力与事权的关系，完善财政转移支付制度，健全公共财政体系，构建地方税体系，促进形成有利于结构优化、社会公平的税收制度。深化金融体制改革，健全促进实体经济发展的现代金融体系，提高银行、证券、保险等行业竞争力，加快发展多层次资本市场，积极发展债券市场，稳步推进利率、汇率市场化改革，扩大人民币跨境使用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换。深化投融资体制改革，推进价格改革，健全资源性产品价格形成机制和生态补偿制度。继续积极稳妥推进事业单位分类改革。收入分配制度是经济社会发展中一项根本性、基础性的制度，是社会主义市场经济体制的重要基石。我们已经制定了深化收入分配制度改革若干意见，要抓紧研究制定具体政策，确保制度建设到位、政策落实到位，有效解决收入分配领域存在的问题，缩小收入分配差距，使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民。

要推进社会主义民主法治建设。坚持人民主体地位，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，保证人民依法享有广泛权利和自由，促进人的全面发展，维护社会公平正义。坚持依法治国，充分尊重宪法和法律的权威，确保决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调，确保国家行政机关按照法定权限和程序行使权力。坚持转变政府职能，推进政企分开、政资分开、政事分开、政社分开，建设职能科学、结构优化、廉洁高效、人民满意的服务型政府。坚持改进工作作风、密切联系群众，提倡艰苦奋斗，厉行勤俭节约，反对铺张浪费，克服形式主义、官僚主义。坚持民主监督、法律监督、舆论监督，健全权力运行制约和监督体系，让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行。坚持反对腐败，加强廉政建设，从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况，做到干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。

国内外形势的深刻变化，对我国开放型经济发展提出了新的更高要求。要坚持对外开放的基本国策，实行更加积极主动的开放战略。坚持把稳定出口与扩大进口结合起来，推动对外贸易从规模扩张向质量效益提高转变、从成本和价格优势向综合竞争优势转变，促进形成以技术、品牌、质量、服务为核心的出口竞争新优势；坚持把利用外资与对外投资结合起来，支持企业“走出去”，拓展经济发展的新空间；坚持把深化沿海开放与扩大内陆和沿边开放结合起来，加快形成各具特色、优势互补、分工协作、均衡协调的区域开放格局；坚持把向发达国家开放与向发展中国家开放结合起来，扩大和深化同各方利益汇合点。4.Deepening reform and opening up with greater political courage and vision Reform and opening up are the fundamental force that drives China's development and progress.We can continue to advance our cause only by adhering to reform and opening up.China has entered a crucial stage of reform.We must further emancipate our minds, comprehensively deepen reform of the economic structure, continue to actively yet prudently carry out reform of the political structure, deepen reform of the cultural administrative system, accelerate reform of the social system, improve the system for promoting ecological progress;and constantly deepen reforms.We need to improve the socialist market economy.We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, and support and guide the development of the non-public sector, so as to foster a structural environment in which economic entities under different forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal legal protection.We should deepen reform of state-owned enterprises and key industries.We should quicken reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, adjust relations between the central government and local governments concerning financial resources and powers, and improve the system of transfer payments.We should improve the public finance system, institute a system of local taxation, and establish a taxation system conducive to optimizing the economic structure and enhancing social fairness.We should deepen reform of the financial system and improve the modern financial system so that it supports development of the real economy.We should raise the competitiveness of the banking, securities and insurance industries, accelerate development of a multilevel capital market, and actively develop the bond market.We should steadily carry out reforms to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate more market-based, expand cross-border use of the RMB and gradually achieve the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts.We should deepen reform of the investment and financing systems, carry out price reform and improve the pricing mechanism for resource products and the system of compensation for ecological damage.We should continue to actively yet steadily advance function-based reform of public institutions.The income distribution system is a basic system of vital importance for economic and social development, and an important cornerstone of the socialist market economy.We have formulated guidelines on deepening reform of the income distribution system, and we now need to promptly formulate specific policies, ensure that institutions are established and policies are implemented, resolve problems in income distribution, and narrow the income gap so that the fruits of development are more equitably shared by all the people.We need to advance development of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law.We should ensure that the people occupy the principal position, make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder, ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms prescribed by law, and promote people's well-rounded development and safeguard social fairness and justice.We should govern the country on the basis of the law, and fully respect the authority of the Constitution and laws.We should ensure that the powers of policy making, implementation and oversight both constrain each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandates and procedures.We should continue to transform government functions, separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions and social organizations, and build a well-structured, clean, efficient and service-oriented government that has scientifically defined functions and that the people are satisfied with.We should improve the conduct of our work, maintain close ties with the people, advocate hard work and plain living, practice thrift, oppose extravagance and waste, and eliminate formalistic and bureaucratic practices.We should uphold democratic oversight, legal oversight and public opinion-based oversight and improve the system of checks and oversight over the exercise of power to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.We should unwaveringly combat corruption, strengthen political integrity, establish institutions to end the excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power and ensure that officials are honest, government is clean and political affairs are handled with integrity.Profound changes in domestic and external environments place new and higher requirements on China in developing an open economy.We should adhere to the basic state policy of opening up and implement a more proactive opening up strategy.We should both keep exports stable and expand imports.We should raise the quality and returns of foreign trade rather than just increase its volume, and raise its overall competitive advantages instead of relying only on cost and price advantages.We should make China's exports more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and service.We should simultaneously use foreign investment in China and make Chinese investment overseas, and support Chinese enterprises in going global, to create new space for economic development.We should simultaneously deepen opening up in coastal areas and open inland and border areas wider so as to foster a balanced and coordinated pattern of opening up in which all regions have their own distinctive features, draw on each other's strengths, have a clear division of work, and cooperate with each other.We should continue to open up to both developed and developing countries and expand and deepen common interests with all other parties.

第四篇：十七大报告中部分重要词汇的中英文对照

以下为十七大报告中部分重要词汇的中英文对照，供大家学习参考：

高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 to hold high the “great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics”

建设中国特色社会主义 to build socialism with Chinese characteristics 改革开放 reform and opening-up

全面建设小康社会to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 和谐社会 harmonious society

解放思想、实事求是emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts 勇于变革、勇于创新to make bold changes and innovations

永不僵化、永不停滞to stay away from rigidity or stagnation

不为任何风险所惧to fear no risks

不被任何干扰所惑never be confused by any interference

与时俱进 keeping up with the times

以人为本 putting people first

资源节约型、环保型社会 resource-conserving, environment-friendly society

全面协调可持续发展 comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development 深入贯彻落实科学发展观 thoroughly apply “Scientific Outlook on Development”

正确处理改革发展和稳定的关系to balance reform, development and stability

高度集中的计划经济highly centralized planned economy

充满活力的社会主义市场经济robust socialist market economy

封闭或半封闭的国家closed or semi-closed state

社会主义初级阶段 primary stage of socialism

民生 people’s livelihood

第五篇：中英文对照A

《美国口语惯用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道这到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 来一块鱼肉三明治怎么样？What about me? 我怎么样？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不会进那幢旧房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我记得那个晚上，那又怎样？What's this all about? 这到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你该露面的时候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.汤姆认为自己没必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把发生的事演示一下吗？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜欢在课堂上捣蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那个爱说粗言秽语的喜剧演员应该净化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我们需要统一意见后来见你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.报纸上称那次地震为天灾。Masa is a class act.玛莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我们打算控告我们的债务人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比赛中你看到有什么有趣的精彩场面吗？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地区要采取行动反对那项垃圾处理场的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我们的对手在身高上比我们占有优势。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.没有人喜欢被捉弄（或：被欺骗、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起来事情终会解决的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.这软饮料有种让人难受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不觉

得这已是“事后诸葛亮”了吗？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不会感到

厌倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!请你做事要有一个与自己年龄相称的样子。This is a “coming of age” movie.这是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸点新鲜空气。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.虽然我不知道到底是出了什么差错，但我能隐隐约约感觉到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.当迈克喜欢的节目被取消时，他感到很伤心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我们的房子出勤率售一事还没有最后定下来。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.获得冠军后，我飘飘欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是来个没有头脑的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克逊的新歌到处都在不断地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飞机时晕机了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我们之间的关系不要很别扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起来最后我们还是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我们已几乎完成了那个项目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.总的来说，我认为这一天过得很充实。Let's go all-out and win this game!让我们尽全力来打赢这场比赛。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.当我们看见那座建筑突然起火时，我们知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我们大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果这对你都是一回事的话，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他们以极快的速度逃脱警察的追赶。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高没有发现他们的进来。Let's settle this matter once and for all.让我们来把这个问题一次性地彻底解决掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.马克是一个全能运动员。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入选全明星队的比赛了吗？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的学校

100米跑的历史最高记录。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽车不是我拿手的活儿。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一个人呆会儿。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些闲事吗？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你从一开始就知道所发生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相处得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生来到这儿寻求他的“美国梦”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外国人在美国居住时被美国化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.没有选择职业的自由是完全违背美国精神传统的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比尔是全美（橄榄球）明星赛的四分卫队员。I just can't go on the American way.我无法适应美国方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水运动真正激发出了汤姆的活力与激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那个年轻演员在荧幕

上充分显示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我给埃米打了电话，但是没人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去过纽约吗？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你问我有没有感觉出你们两人之间的不和，是吗？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.丽塔喜欢把一切都弄得井井有条。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一个马屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不着你强迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一个没救了的纸上谈兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯带有武器，十分危险。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公园里到处都是

手挽手散步的恋人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.约翰逊教练已有三十年的经验了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在这里昼夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起来在人来过这里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我准备回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.马蒂表现得像什么也没发生过一样。I want this room left as is.我希望这间房子保持原样。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.变动从明天开始实施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜寻绑架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我们每个月的煤气费平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我们平均每周吃一次鸡肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特视自己为一名普通的美国人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美国平常日

子里，有100,000个孩子带手枪去上学。

22.away

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2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你认为你可以免受处罚？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他们能费除掉这些复杂的税务表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我们正在为庆祝我们的纪念日而安排一次周末的外出活动。Tom wants to run away from home.汤姆想从家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凯茜计划在假期里偷偷跑出

去。