墨东博英语四级讲义2[精选]

第一篇：墨东博英语四级讲义2[精选]

2014年CET-4翻译讲义 常考句型 据报道，中国的消费者每年用了30亿个塑料袋。我在中学时期就下定决心成为作家。直到工作开始时，我才意识到已经浪费了很多时间。没有什么比提高我们自身能力更重要的了。我急忙赶到机场，没想到飞机已经起飞了。说起旅游，我忍不住要与你分享我在旅途中所遇到的趣事。父母抚养孩子被认为是理所当然的。

8他的讲座太枯燥，很多听众都中途退场了。毫无疑问，努力使成功的一个重要因素。令人失望的是，你给我们带来的不是帮助而是麻烦。美国人和英国人不仅语言相同，而且还有很多类似的社会习俗。在一次严重的交通事故后，他很可能再也不能走路了。我们的开会地点是教室，不是会堂。孩子宁愿步行，也不愿乘车。我没想到你能说服他改变主意。只要你信我，你就能度过这段困难时期。要不是你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。只有经过老师的允许，学生才能进入办公室。

常用汉英互译词汇

教育类词汇

文凭

diplomas and certificates 考研热 the craze for graduate school study 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育

compulsory education 复合型人才

interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴

the rich cultural deposits 大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings 扩招

expand enrollment 被授予学位

be granted a an official certificate from 高分低能

good scores but low qualities 片面追求升学率

place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level 退学

drop out of the school 形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system 教书育人

impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教

teach students according to their aptitude 德才兼备

possess political integrity and professional ability 品学兼优

be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar 提高学生身心素质

improve the health and psychological quality 适应社会的改变

adjust to the social changes quickly 满足社会的急需

meet the urgent need of the society 保护知识产权

protect the intellectual property 才疏学浅

be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge 努力获得精神文明

make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 减轻负担

reduce the heavy burdens 更加有意义和丰富的生活

a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life 工作类词汇

崇高职业

noble career 白领工作

white-collar workers 跳槽

job-hopping 试用期

probationary period

人才流动和双向选择

talent flow and a dual-way selection 自由职业

freelance work 拜金主义

money worship 获得名利

achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力

develop fully one’s potential and creativity 实干精神

steadfast and earnest in one’s work 工作出色

excel in one’s work 无忧无虑

be care-free 社会和个人的尊重

social and personal esteem 生计问题

a bread and butter issue 生活补助

living subsidies 人才交流

talents exchange 培养人才

cultivate talents 推荐人才

recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流

brain drain 优化产业结构

optimize the structure 精简人员

cut off the overstaffed offices 提高综合素质

improve the comprehensive quality 解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 砸掉大锅饭

shatter the convention of iron bowl 坚持改革

be persistent in the reform progress 造成失业问题

bring about the unemployment problem 下岗人员

the laid-off workers 自谋生路

be self-employed 给出优惠政策

give preferential treatment 享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension 需要安全感和生活保障

need a sense of security and guarantee of life

劳动力短缺

shortage of manpower 提高文化，智慧，品质修养

enhance their cultural and moral quality

商业类词汇

服务行业

service trade

家用电器

household electrical appliances 物美价廉

with low price and high quality 售后服务

after-sale service 旺季

during peak selling seasons 销售渠道

distribution channel 商标冒用

trade-mark infringement 稳定物价

stabilize the commodity prices 加强品牌效应

strengthen the brand effect 提高购买力

raise the purchasing power 保持市场的良好的秩序

keep to market in good order 适销对路

be good for sale 脱销

out of stock

刺激购买欲

stimulate the desire to buy 促销

promote sales 超前消费

premature consumption 有效期

term of validity 零售价

retail price 批发价

whole price 紧俏商品 commodities in short supply 假冒伪劣

forged and fake commodities

工业词汇

产业结构升级

upgrade the structure of industry 外向型经济：export-oriented economy 企业凝聚力 the cohesive force in enterprise 亏损企业

enterprise in the red 创收

generate profits 精简开支 cut down the outlay 扭转局面 reverse the tide

有外需

have a potential in overseas market 医药健康词汇 杀虫剂

pesticide 卫生环境 sanitary environment 营养不良 malnourished 传染病 infectious disease 呼吸疾病 respiratory disease 建设卫生城市 hygienic city 政治经济词汇

立法会议 legislative sessions 行政处罚 administrative penalty 司法部门

enforcement apartment 侵犯个人隐私

invasion of privacy 修改宪法

revise the constitution 假账

deceptive accounting 漏税 tax evasion 刑事诉讼

criminal proceeding 行贿和受贿 take and offer bribes 要求索赔

claim compensation 目无法规

defy the law and social disciplines 法律监督

function as a legal supervisor 扰乱治安

disturb the social order 建立奖励和制约机制

establish a incentive and disincentive system 物质和精神文明建设

material and ideological progress 精简机构

streamline government organs 集思广益

pool ones wisdom 扩大内需

expand the domestic demand

时事类词汇

可持续性发展sustainable development ·风险投资risk in vestment ·通货紧缩deflation ·通货膨胀inflation ·扩大内需to expand domestic demand ·虚拟现实virtual reality ·电脑犯罪computer crime ·电子商务the e-business ·网上购物shopping on line(on-line shopping)·应试教育exam-oriented education ·学生减负to reduce study load ·政府工作报告government’s work report ·新闻发布会press conference ·弱势群体disadvantaged groups(例句：Special employment ·assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups．应对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助

·加快经济结构调整accelerate economic restructuring ·城镇社会保障体系urban social security system ·下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers ·离退休人员基本养老金basic pensions for retirees ·特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits ·全球经济衰退the global economic slump ·医疗改革health care reform ·扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption ·乡镇企业township enterprises ．

·关贸总协定(世界贸易组织的前身)GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)·世界贸易组织WTO(World Trade Organization)·最惠国待遇(现通常称“正常贸易关系”)MFN(most-favored-nation)treatment ·实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to ·粮食安全food security ·知识产权IPRs(Intellectual property fights)·最不发达国家 LDCs(Least-developed countries)·AA制Dutch treatment；go Dutch ·按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance ·按揭购房to buy a house on mortgage；to mortgage a house ·脱贫shake of poverty；lift oneself from poverty ·拜金主义money worship ·版权法copyright law ·白色污染white pollution ·笔记本电脑notebook computer ·贬值devalue，devaluate，depreciate(of a currency)·毕业生分配制度assignment of graduates ·闭关政策closed-door policy ·蹦迪disco dancing ·保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy ·保护生态环境preserve the ecological environment ·保护主义protectionism ·保健食品health-care food ·北约NATO(the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)·不明飞行物unidentified flying object(UFO)·重复建设building redundant projects；duplication of similar projects ·菜篮子工程shopping basket program · 畅通工程Smooth Traffic Project ·从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy ·促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy ·春运(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival around the Chinese lunar new year ·大学生创业university students’ innovative undertaking ·(食物)打包use doggy bags to take food home ·打假crack down on counterfeit goods／fake products ·带薪假期paid holiday ·盗版VCD pirated VCD ·电话会议teleconference ·第三产业tertiary industry；service sector ·倒计时countdown ·地球村global village ·地方保护主义regional protectionism ·多媒体multimedia ·恶性循环vicious circle ·厄尔尼诺现象El Nino phenomenon ·防伪标志anti-fake label ·防洪工程flood-prevention project ·风险投资venture capital；risk investment ·疯牛病mad cow disease ·扶贫poverty alleviation ·反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government ·福利彩票welfare lotteries ·福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system ·复合型人才inter-disciplinary talent ·个人所得税personal income tax ·高新技术产业开发区high and new technology industrial development zone ·国民生产总值gross national product(GNP)·国际惯例international common practice ·国际货币基金组织IMF(International Monetary Fund)·国脚player of the national football team；footballer of the national team ·国库券treasury bonds ·公费医疗medical services at state expense ·共同富裕common prosperity ·黑客hacker ·基因突变genetic mutation ·基因工程genetic engineering ·基本国情fundamental realities of the country ·基础设施infrastructure construction ·精神文明建设promote cultural and ideological progress；develop socialist culture and ethics ·经济全球化economic globalization；economic Integration ·经济复苏economic resurgence ·可持续发展sustainable development ·可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development ·宽带网broadband networks ··科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation ·考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools ·贸易顺差trade surplus ·贸易逆差trade deficit ·欧元Euro ·欧洲货币一体化European monetary integration ·普通高等教育regular higher education ·勤工俭学part-work and part-study system;work—study program ·申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games ·生态旅游ecotourism ·售后服务after-sale services ·三维动画片three-dimensional animation ·三峡工程Three Gorges Project ·双向选择two-way selection ·双学位double degree ·双赢局面win-win situation ·实行股份制enforce stockholding system ·实事求是seek truth from facts；be practical and realistic；be true to facts ·实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation ·实话实说speak the plaint truth-tell it as it is ·首创精神pioneering spirit ．

·填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching ·团队精神team spirit ． ·网络经济cyber economy ·网上冲浪surf the Internet ·吸取世界文明成果assimilate the achievements of civilizations over the world ·现场直播live broadcast ·现代企业制度modem enterprise system；modem corporate system ·希望工程Project Hope ·西气东输transmit the natural gas from the western areas to East China；West-East natural gas transmission project ·西部大开发Western Development ·西电东送transmit the electricity from the western areas to East China；West-East electricity transmission project ·亚洲金融危机financial crisis in Asia ·依法治国manage state affairs according to law；run state affairs according to law ·忧患意识awareness of unexpected development；being prepared for unexpected development；being prepared for any eventualities ·有中国特色的社会主义道路road of socialism with Chinese characteristics ·与时俱进advance with times ·因材施教teach students according to their aptitude ·以法治国，以德治国to govern the country with law and moral ·义务教育compulsory education ·优化经济结构optimize the economic structure ． ·优化资源配置optimize the allocation of resources ·应试教育体制examination-oriented education system ·振兴中华make China powerful and strong；revitalize the Chinese nation 知识经济knowledge-based economy ·主页home page ·自由竞争free competition ·综合国力comprehensive national strength

实践与提高

第二篇：四级微博英语作文

The microblog is very popular in the virtual world.Average citizens, famous economists, as well as movie stars can own a microblog and share their opinions and life with other people.The microblog is attractive for the following reasons.First, the Internet has different forms of dissemination and unique effects in broadcasting message compared with traditional media.It is fast and efficient, and people can get relevant information immediately.Second, message sent by the microblog can reach a large number of people, who can interact with the microblog owners by leaving message in it.This kind of interaction is appealing especially when the owner is a famous figure.The microblog is very useful and adds lots of color into the virtual world.Regulated properly, the microblog can be a very interesting platform for people to share opinions and make friends.

第三篇：我总结的墨东博考研作文

写 实

P1 龙眼

As is vividly(illustrated/depicted/conveyed/revealed/betrayed)in the picture,(图的内容1the two pet neighbors greet each other politely and amicably ,whereas(while/on the other hand)the two pets’ owners seem to ignore between(each other)aloofly).Simple as it is, the drawing sets us pondering a awfully.Accordingly, much inspiration can be drawn from what this far-reaching/thought-provoking picture witness:(图反映的现实2 pets, rather than/instead of people around them, are such an indispensable part in their daily life to the point where they are excessively/inordinately fond of their beloved animals while neglecting those who care them, which has aroused great concern and should be given enough consideration).It speaks volumes for the concept that(TS○3 indifference should be ruled out, with harmonious society echoed vigorously nowadays in china.)

1批判：先扬后抑 ○

歌颂：先抑后扬

图的内容 原则上用一个主从句表达, 功底。两句合一句的途经：

1、AND连结；

2、WHICH或WHEREAS连结；

3、非谓语

2to the point where加以讲解 ○

excessively/inordinately负面词汇,作者的态度尽在不言中,回避使用

I believe ,I think 之类的句式

3TS + Background ○

02~04: China is entry into WTO

05: Harmonious society

06: The honor and disgrace values

07~11: Scientific development values--Human life and ecology systemTS的语言组织

Weigh A against B---在A和B之间权衡利弊（against:在…的背景下）

1具体Where 定从：○

2抽象to the point where…以至于○

独主with+S+V-ing/V-ed(主谓、动宾)Nothing + be + adj + than + to + do○On no account can we○It is time + S + V-ed○It 无主句 ○……ought to be weighed/taken/pondered/seriously ○

4注意使用关联词，突出TS ○

P2

Why do we lay emphasis on this? Several points()analyzed below might equip us with the profound message of what we are heading for.To begin with, since we have to live on an on-the-move lifestyle , we are denied chances to share our feelings with our friends and relatives.In addition, with so many dishonesties running around our society, the indifference happened in turn we have no choice but to enjoy the company of pets.And above all, too many tragedies as to the indifference--seeing someone in mortal danger without lifting a finger to save him--put on the stage of our daily life, which is threatening situation we are unwilling to face(此句仅用于负面评价).No better illustration of this view touched on above can be taken than the case as listed below:(1a crowd of people remained appallingly nonchalance to the plea of a mother, since she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death.)

2At the end of the day, no issue in china stands as critical to build up the ○

society in harmony as ironing out of indifference among people.1实例 1例证，举例：○○

2引语eg：△As the famous saying goes:○

△As many famous ecologists put it:

3数据eg：○According to the latest survey conducted by

concerning department,……

论点的具体体现：RP原则

2小结 ○与TS首尾呼应,重复原则 ○为第三段起势 ○

3Benard Show---No issue stands as critical to A as B.○

在没有比B对A更关键的了

P3 Judging from what has been argued above, we have come to recognize that the harms arising from indifference has been, like Pandora’s box, the crippling force of establishing the harmony society.It is , therefore, inperative that some effective steps should be taken to(○1点主题 重复原则narrow and bridge the gap among people.)

On one hand,(○2依法治国the government should make law to set up the society in which people live in harmony.)

On the other hand,(○3依德治国 people should enhance the awareness of caring each other especially when they were young.)

Only by undergoing these measures, can we make our society, where people, even not knowing each other, help among them, appeal to everyone.12

第四篇：四级翻译讲义

大学英语四级翻译讲义

英语翻译三步曲 第一：找主干 第二：定时态 第三：加修饰 第一、找主干

什么是句子的主干？――主要成份

第二、定时态

如何确定时态？找信号词 A一般现在时

信号词：现在、是、总是、给

谓语构成： be动词（am/is are）动词原形（do/does）

B 一般过去时

信号词：过去某个具体时间点(从前、早在、在2011年,朝代）

相传，据说

谓语构成：be（was，were）或者 did C.现在完成时

信号词：（副词）到目前为止，已经，自从，在近……以来，早就（助词）了，过，结构： have/ has + done(动词的过去分词)表示完成时的时间状语标志 D.一般将来时

信号词：将来、会、可以…

谓语构成： will(be going to)+do E 现在进行时

信号词：正在、此时此刻、（助词）正……着

谓语构成： be（am/is are）+doing F.情态动词

结构:should/may/can/could/must等+do 信号词：将，可能，也许

时间状语

一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶。(1312四）An emperor found the tea five thousand years ago.在明清期间，茶馆遍布全国。(1312四）

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea houses were widespread all over the country.几个世纪以来，西湖一直以其秀美风景而闻名于世。

For centuries, the West Lake has been well-known for its beautiful scenery.地点状语

“中国结”(Chinese Knot)在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。(1312四）Chinese Knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡.(1312四）

Good cooks always try to seek balance among grains, meat and vegetables.方式状语

中国应进一步发展核能.(1406四）

China should further develop the nuclear energy.食物对健康至关重要.(1312四）

Food is crucially important to health.阅读对于中小学生尤为重要.(1406四）

Reading is crucially important to primary and middle school students.目的状语

为了，针对，以

用to do 形式

为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除（样题）。To sweep away the ill fortune and bring in good luck,… 针对这一问题，中国政府正开始发起低碳行动。To tackle this problem,….为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施。

To promote the equality of education, China …...青奥会于①八月②在南京③隆重开幕。

在汉语中通常排列为“时间→地点→方式→动词”的顺序，在英语中通常排列为“动词→方式→地点→时间”的顺序。

how→where→when

The Youth Olympic Games began ceremoniously in Nanjing in August.我从看到你第一眼就从心底里深深地爱上了你。I love you deeply from the bottom of my heart at the first sight.简单句语序：主+谓+宾+How+Where+When 请试着将下面短语组成一个完整的句子。

Games

played

yesterday

in the room

the children

quietly The children played games quietly in the room yesterday.before lunch

the letter

in his office

quickly he read He read the letter quickly in his office before lunch.the little boy

an apple

this morning

ate

greedily in the kitchen.The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this morning.第四：加修饰（形容词）的翻译： a、单个形容词翻译

中国结已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。

Chinese Knot has become an elegant and colorful art and craft.b、复合形容词

副词+动词过去分词形式＝＝形容词

“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。

”Would you like tea or coffee?”, that is a frequently-asked question to dinning people.精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。

Well-prepared food is both delicious and good-looking.新版的牛津（Oxford）英语词典 newly-edited Oxford English Dictionary 新公布的计划 newly-announced plan 新建的高楼 recently/newly-built architectures 精心设计的景观 well-designed landscape

（二）、of 结构

茶是中国的瑰宝。(1312四）

Tea is the treasure of China.(of结构）

(1)随着

随着时代的发展with the development of times

随着技术和安全措施的改进with the improvement of technology and security measures

随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及with the fast development and popularity of computers and smart phones（2）史

中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史。

Chinese paper-cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.北京首都国际机场(Beijing Capital International Airport)已有50多年的历史。

Beijing Capital International Airport has a history of more than 50 years.（3）部分

太极拳是东方文化的重要组成部分。

Taijiquan is an important part of the oriental culture.城镇化已经成为我国社会和经济发展的重要组成部分。

Urbanization has become an important component of social and economic development in China.(4)分数

核电目前只占其总发电量的2% Nuclear power currently only accounts for 2% of the total generating capacity.中国老年人口占据人口总数的三分之一。

Chinese elder people account for one third of the total population.…….之一 句型

主谓+ one of +形容词+范围词+地点

皮影戏是中国最著名民间戏剧形式之一.Shadow play is one of the most famous folk art forms in China.茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.（三）、介词短语

a、表拥有

中心词+with短语

有三千年历史的城市

a city with a history of 3,000 years.b、表地点

中心词+from/in/+somewhere 农村和山区的儿童

the children in rural and mountainous areas

c 表方位

中心词+in+sth.工业升级中的结构性障碍(structural obstacle)

the structural obstacle in industrial upgrading d 表目的 中心词+for sth.馈赠外国友人的礼物 the gift for foreign friends

被动句结构

• 一般现在时：be（am is are）+done • 现在进行时： be（am is are）+being + done • 一般过去时：was、were +done • 一般将来时：will be done • 现在完成时：have/has been done • 情态动词：must(can/could等)be done 真题演练

The famous novel is said to

(已经被翻译成多种语言).（2012-6）

We look forward to

(被邀请出席开幕式).一、点型的被字句

（1）信号词

被，由，让，给，遭，受，通过 为…所称，用于（2）判断句

是+动词+的

语言是在实践中形成的。Language has been formed in practice.二、隐形被动句

今天食堂吃饺子。

三、习惯性被动句

我们，人们，大家

被动句的翻译步骤： 第一：定主干（定谓语动词）第二：定时态

第三：加被动

一、点型的被字句

被字句

在中国，烹饪被视为一种技能（1312四）。In China, cooking is regarded as a skill.由字句

家里的大事由男人做主。The important things in family are decided by men.于字句

这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍

These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books.遭字句

目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏。

Currently, the human’s living environment is being destroyed severely.受字句

中国武侠连续剧(Chinese Wuxia series)在西方受到大众的欢迎。Chinese Wuxia series is welcomed by the audience in the west.称

《本草纲目》堪称中医史上最完整的医书。

Ben Cao Gang Mu is regarded as the most complete Medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine.（2）：是、、、的

地基是石头砌成的.The foundation is made of stones 真题演练

换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。

In other words, the nuclear energy can be exploited and utilized safely.中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是手工艺人发明的。（13.12 四）

The Chinese Knot was initially invented by craftsmen.第二：隐形被动句

房间已经打扫干净了。The room has been cleaned.文章总算写完了。The article has finally been finished.第三：习惯性被动句(泛指人称代词,人们，我们开头)人们用它来辟邪。It is used to ward off evil spirits.人们用它来记录事件。It is used to record events.真题演练

１这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传。This kind of craft has been passed down for generations.2、中国结常常作为礼物交换.The Chinese Knot is often given as a gift for exchange.如何翻译无主句？

第一：加人称代词 第二：译为被动

第三：it is +a.+to do(做某事是……，很难，很容易)第四：there be/appear/exist（有，现在，存在）

第一：加人称代词

开车没有方向盘不行。You can’t turn a car without the wheel.外面下雨了。It’s raining outside．

接到你的情书，非常高兴。

（我）接到你的情书,（我）非常高兴。

I am very glad to have received your love letter.第二：译为被动

食堂今天吃饺子。Dumplings are served in the dining hall today.第三：it is +a.+to do(做某事是……，很难，很容易)很难弄清楚这个习俗的起源。

It is difficult to make clear the origins of the custom.第四、译为存现句型，there be 信号词 有，存在，出现 中西方饮食习惯存在具大差异。

There exist great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.必须保证孩子们的安全。

Children’s safety must be guaranteed.We must guarantee children’s safety.It is essential to guarantee children’s safety.并列句

并列句＝简单句+并列连词+简单句 表并列关系 和, 不仅，而且

and, both..and…

as well as , not only...but also..., , neither…nor 表转折关系：但是，然而

but,however, while

表选择关系：或者

or, either…or

成功有一千个理由，失败却只有一个。

――――约翰肯尼迪（John F Kennedy）

Victory has a thousand fathers, but defeat is an orphan.谈恋爱，是跟一个人的优点在谈恋爱，谈结婚，是跟一个人的缺点在过日子。

Dating someone is dating with his or her merits,while marrying someone is marrying his or her demerits.改错题

１ 丽江古城位于云南西北部，是纳西族(Naxi ethnic group)聚居(Home to)的地方。

Lijiang ancient city is located in the northwest of Yun Nan province, and home to Naxi ethnic group.许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。

Many westerners will choose coffee, while the choice of Chinese may be tea.3 茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

Not only is tea an ethnic drinking, but also was an important component of Chinese traditional culture.真题演练

在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要 用于装饰的目的。

In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly used for a decoration purpose.中餐既美味又健康Chinese food is both delicious and healthy.中国园林是中国文化的标志，已有3000多年的悠久历史。

Chinese garden is a symbol of Chinese Culture and it has a long history of more than 3000 years.定语从句

作用一：帮助我们翻译长定语

作用二：帮助我们翻译难词

翻译定语从句的步聚： 第一：译主干，确定先行词 第二：加关系词 第三：译从句

The prevention and treatment of AIDS is

(我们可以合作的领域）(0806四）

一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。Some students who have been transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.其中 among which(事)among whom(人)杭州特产众多，其中以丝绸和茶叶最受欢迎。

Hangzhou owns numerous special local products, among which the silk and the tea is the most popular.历史上涌现了一批杰出的元曲剧作家，其中以关汉卿最负盛名。

There appeared a great number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera in history, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous.翻译难词

瓷器,和丝绸一样，是享誉海外的中国特产。

Chinaware, like silk, is a specialty of China that is very famous overseas.宾语从句

判断：宾语是一个句子

信号词：认为 deem 声称maintain 显示reveal 强调stress 建议advise

结构：主语+谓语+(that)+从句

如果谓语动词是现在时，从句可以用任何时态；

如果谓语动词是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。

They stress that people should read good books, especially classical ones.有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。

Some educational workers have suggested that a National Reading Day be set up since 2003.时间状语从句

引导词：when, until 信号词：时，当….时 【真题链接】

.例子一：(CET4 2006/12)一些心理学家表明人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。

---Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely_________________________.例子二：(CET4 2014/06)饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。(1312四）Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 18th

century.条件状语从句

引导词：if

信号词：如果，假如 主将从现

从句：if+主语+do/does 主句：主语+will +do If you do what you love, money will follow.如果错过了太阳时你流泪，那么你也要错过群星了。

-----泰戈尔

If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you’ll miss the stars.主情从现

如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？---If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 从句：if+主语+do/does 主句：主语+must/can/may等 主祈从现

---If you want to know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.从句：if +主语+do/does 主句：祈使句

否定：don’t do/never do sth.If you can’t say anything nice, don’t say anything at all.If you are ever in trouble, don’t try tobe brave, just run, runaway.【真题链接】

Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient for you.(如果你方便的话）

假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。（1406四）

If they don’t develop the interest of reading during this crucial period, it will be difficult to get into the habit of reading late.第四次课内容：

第一：如果升级and连接的并列句（同位语，分词作状语，非限定性定语从句）第二：三个提分句型 第三：段落翻译注意事项 汉语是一种古老的语言，已有四千多年的历史。

Chinese is an ancient language,and it has a history of more than four thousand years.2 宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，也是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。

Song Huizong is the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and he is also one of the most famous emperors in the Song Dynasty.相在同点：第一：前后两句主语一致

第二：第一句是个系表结构 方法：把第一个系表结构变为同位语 升级后的句型为：

汉语是一种古老的语言，已有四千多年的历史。

Chinese, an old language, has a history of more than four thousand years.宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，也是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。

Song Huizong, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, is also one of the most famous emperors in the Song Dynasty.课堂练习

剪纸（Paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一，有一千五百多年的历史。

Paper-cutting, one of the most popular traditional folk art forms, has a history of more than 1500 years.在中国，月饼是一种特殊的食品，广受海内 外华人的欢迎。

Moon cakes, a special kind of food in China, are deeply loved by the Chinese both at home and abroad.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化的一部分，为中国的繁荣做出了很大的贡献。

Traditional Chinese Medicine, a component of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.句型升级2 我们坐在高高的谷堆旁边，听妈妈讲那过去的故事。

We sat on the high hillock and listened to the old story.We sat on the high hillock, listening to the old story.相同点

第一：前后两句主语一致

第二：动词与主语是主动关系

第一：保留主动词

第二：次动词用ing形式

课堂练习

近年来，越来越多的女性在政府部门任职，参与国家政务活动。

In recent years, an increasing number of females have taken office in thegovernment, participating in the national political affairs.元代时戏剧曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷。

Drama was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty, attracting many foreign audience.句型升级3 我们依偎在妈妈的怀里，听妈妈讲那过去的故事。

We were nestled in the mother’s arm and listened to the old story.如果前后两句主语一致，动词与主语的是一主一被

方法一： Nestled in the mother’s arm, we listened to the old story.方法二： We were nestled in the mother’s arm, listening to the old story.上海自由贸易区(Shanghai Trade Zone)位于上海市的郊区，面积为28.78平方公里。

Located on the outskirts of Shanghai city, Shanghai Trade Zone covers an area of

28.78 square kilometers.Shanghai Trade Zone is located on the outskirts of Shanghai city, covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers.句型升级4 非限定性从句(重复先行词)后一个句子用这，给，使，步聚：第一：翻译主句

第二：逗号后面接which

第三：which+动词+其他成份

中国人每天使用筷子，这在很多外国朋友 眼里似乎是一个奇迹。Chinese people use chopsticks everyday, which seems to be a miracle to many foreigners.这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学获益。（1406四）These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, which benefits more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools.2008年北京奥运会开幕式上，一位小姑娘唱起了《歌唱祖国》，给所有观众都留下了深刻的印象。

In the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, a little girl sang the song of Ode to Motherland, which greatly impressed all the audiences.提分句型１：时间段+witness+名词

1949年中华人民共和国成立。

The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China

提分句型２：So+形容词+be+主语+that+完整句子 青春是如此短暂以至于我们来不及道别。

Our youth is so transient that we have no time to bid farewell.So transient is our youth that we have no time to bid farewell.道别是如此漫长以至于我们用尽余生去遗忘。

The farewell is so long that we have to spend all the rest of our lives to forget.So long is the farewell that we have to spend all the rest of our lives to forget.提分句型３：So+副词+do+主语+谓语+that(如果主语是复数用do,如果主语是单数用does)

他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事。

They study so hard that they have no time to enjoy their lives and do anything else.So hard do they study that they hardly have time to enjoy their lives and do anything else.第一：读

（1）第一遍：主干，时态，语态

（2）第二遍：定语，状语

（3）第三遍：合译句子

第二：写

（1）写难词（2）写信号词（３）写长句

第三：查

(1)查时态(2)查单复数

3)查漏译

（

第五篇：北京考博英语辅导班讲义

北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)

英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组

一、政治类：

把„捐给慈善机构 donate „to charities

把„看成社会公敌 look upon „ as a threat to society 把„列为基本国策 list„..as fundamental national policies 把„作为指导 take„ as the guide

把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice „ 把握大局 grasp the overall situation

摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness

保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee(protect)women’s rights against infringement

采取各种措施 adopt various measures 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone 得出结论 draw(arrive at, come to reach)a conclusion 锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army 对„具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on 对„做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important(great, major)contributions to

反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism 反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner

给„带来机遇和挑战 present(bring)both opportunities and challenges to

根除(防止,消除)*** root out(prevent, eliminate)corruption 观察当今世界 observe the present-day world 缓和紧张状况 ease the tension 回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle 加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy

坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences 减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden 解放思想 emancipate our minds 解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing 解决新问题 resolve new problems

进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world 进入新时期 enter a new period 进行和谈 hold peace talks

进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment 就„接受妥协 accept a compromise on 开发西部 remake the west 开始生效 go into effect(enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward

科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education 理顺关系 rationalize the relationship 履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations 迈出重要的一步 make an important step 热爱和平love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform 审时度势 size up the situation

实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity 实现民族独立 realize national independence 实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes

实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life

实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

实行新政策 practice new policies

受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 缩小差别 bridge(narrow)the gap 完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平maintain world peace

吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations

下放权力给 delegate the management of...(to...)响应号召 respond to the call 修改法律 amend the laws 宣布„召开 announce the opening of 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治国 govern the country according to law 引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation 引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another

在„中起(至关)重要作用 play a major(crucial, an important)role in 增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power

增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive(overall)national strength and international competitiveness 展望伟大征程 look into the great journey 展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality 战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties 振兴西部 revive the west 振兴中华民族 rejuvenate(revitalize)our nation 政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开 make government affairs public 主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 转变政府职能 transform(shift)the government functions 追求进步 pursue progress 追求真理 seek the truth 走进新时代 march(stride)into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties 遵循规则 follow the principles

二、经济类

爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

保持国有股 keep the State-held shares

保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes 采取不同的办法 adopt various methods 采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures 承担风险 bear(take)risk 筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds(capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange(currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand 刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and

经验 management expertise

促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation 促进改革 promote reform

促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering

打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products(crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly 对„提出控告(投诉)lodge complaints against„ 对„造成(构成)威胁 form(pose)a threat to„

夺回失去的市场 take back lost market

发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages 防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment 赶超先进 surpass the advanced 给„带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on„

根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation 公证财产 notarize the properties

和„达成(签订)协议 reach(sign)an agreement with 和„进一步合作 further cooperation with 和„有合作关系 have cooperative ties with 活跃市场 enliven the market 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level 加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring

加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition 加快努力 speed up efforts

加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks 加强管理 reinforce the management 减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation 减轻„的负担 reduce(lighten)the burden of(on)

减员增效 downsize for efficiency;cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon 解除劳动关系 sever labor relation

解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces(free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs 竟争上岗 compete for the post 举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities 开辟更多渠道 open more channels 开发(青睐)中国市场 tap(favor)the Chinese market 开拓市场 exploit markets

控制通货膨胀 control inflation(keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor 扩大消费市场 expand consumption market 留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary

面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition 牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展)balance economy 取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes(illegal earnings)

让„处于同一起跑线 put„ on the same platform and at the same starting point

让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition 申请专利 apply for a patent 实现目标 realize the goal 适应„的发展 adapt oneself to the development of 损失惨重 suffer great losses

缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance 缩小„间的距离 narrow the gap between 提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants 提高管理水平raise the management level 提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living 调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure

推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial(mass)production(commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money 脱贫致富 cast(shake, throw)off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity

完善服务 perfect services 为„带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to„

为„提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble

向„投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into 消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality

优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior

优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation

有巨大潜力 have huge potential for

与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market;become integrated into the global market

在„建立分公司 set up branches in 造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on 造成损失 cause a loss to 增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture 占领市场10% occupy(take, account for)10 percent of the market 招商引资 attract(bid for, invite)investments(from overseas)制订„法律 make a law of

制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy 制造假象 create smoke screens to do

阻碍„的经济发展

handicap(hamper)the economic development 阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight(brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy

三、文化生活类

把„列为世界自然文化遗产 list „as a world natural heritage site 摆架子(摆谱儿)put on airs(show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage(relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 不注重历史 neglect history 采取保护态度 take protective attitude 承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations 承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past

and usher in the future 充分发挥知识分子的积极性

give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals 和创造性

触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law 创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city

辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new(ring out the old year and ring in the new)

从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce

促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally 促进交流 promote the communication 促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 促进相互了解 enhance(further)mutual understanding 得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support 抵住„的诱惑 resist the temptation of 对„持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to 对„情有独钟 show special preference(favor)to 发挥„的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom 发挥潜力 tap one’s potential 繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China 放下架子 relinquish haughty airs(get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)

腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind 改进教学 improve teaching and learning 给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 和„持相同观点 share views similar to 互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars 激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling 继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions 加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments 讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating 交换意见 exchange views(ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm

精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care 净化因特网 purify the Net

举办文化节(展览会)hold(conduct, give)cultural festivals(an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting 开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy 开发潜力 exploit one’s potential 开阔视野 widen one’s vision(horizon)开设课程 offer courses 开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture 攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder 评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores(achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition

普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread

思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit 启发学生 enlighten the students 容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers 扫除文盲 eliminate(wipe out)illiteracy 上网 get on(have access to, be wired to)Internet 实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education

精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice 素质教育

使英语达到更高水平push one’s English to a higher level 受到„的关注 receive attention from 疏导游客 divert tourists 疏通关系 lubricate relationships 树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image 刷卡, 划卡 punch the card;stamp the card 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste(temperament)

提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle(way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs.drugs 提高知名度 raise one’s prestige 提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education 通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations 透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization 挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth.(cut the ground from under sb’s feet)

物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to(place equal emphasis on)the material progress and cultural(ethical)progress 相互促进 help each other forward 向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to 的成就 the world 向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students 消除误解 clear up misunderstanding 消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance 形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice 的社会风尚

以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate 营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment 影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health 有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education 与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries 增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right 找工作 hunt for a job 值得重视(关注)deserve one’s attention 制止盗版软件 control the pirated software 重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education 重视实用性 place stress on practicality 尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people

四、科技环保类

帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance 保持水土 preserve soil and water 保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the

保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants 保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland 采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique 采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods 参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city 参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities 产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects 崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life 创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment 促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能 develop solar energy 防治污染 prevent and control pollution 非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment(ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants 加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control 加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city 加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection 加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction 加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil 坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”

减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles 减少浪费 reduce waste 揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life 进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open 开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 开展绿色活动 advocate green activities 扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network 普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge 窃取密码 snatch password 窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property

实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards 使电脑死机 crash computers 使用再生纸 use recycle paper 探索„的奥秘 probe the mysteries of

淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level 提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness

提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses 完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings 享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State 削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants 抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases 引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems 预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS 增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of(raise the consciousness about)environmental protection 战胜非典 defeat SARS

治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources

五、人口类

不服从父母 disobey their parents 倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources 调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage 对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children 反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives 鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families” 过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life 坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning

进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census

禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments 开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human 控制人口数量(增长)control the population size(growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction

自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and

产类型的转变 low natural growth rate 损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society 缩小代沟 narrow the gap 提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth 提出离婚 ask for a divorce 提高人口素质 improve the population quality 维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and 和发展权 development

维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation

享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition 显示明显的差异 display a marked difference 优化人口结构 optimize the population structure 优生优育 bear and rear better children 占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population 造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts 造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science 正确处理经济发展同人口、correctly handle the relationship of economic development

资源、环境的关系 versus(with)population，natural resources and environment

征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion 挣零花钱 earn their pocket money 重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population

逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights

六、体育类

避开与„比赛 avoid playing against 标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time 表现完美 give some very good performance 剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody 采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system 参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay 参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game 参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign 超过世界记录 surpass the world record 成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation 创新世界纪录 set a new world record 达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games 打败比利时队 defeat Belgium 打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle 打破世界纪录 beat(break, cut)the world record(for „)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team 夺冠 take the crown 反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs 符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games 更具进攻性 become more aggressive 鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members 获得认可 gain recognition 获得团体冠军 win the team title 激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths 急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win 建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs 角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup 满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw 面对强手 face strong rivals 鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match 配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities 取得经验 gain experience

取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals 确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final 申奥 bid(apply)for being the host country of the Olympics 失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold 实现零的突破 fulfill the zero(gold medal, medal, etc)breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes 使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life 使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory 提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests 提高中国队的水平raise the level of the Chinese team 挑选选手 choose players 同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach 为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion

吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players 向世界顶级球队学习learn from the world’s top teams 与对手较量 take on an opponent 与强队竞争 compete with strong teams 增进友谊 strengthen friendship 展示技能 demonstrate their skills 展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate(show)the latest development of China’s soccer 支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games 主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games 主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn