2016年南开大学公共政策考博复试线考博真题考博参考书(精)[5篇模版]

第一篇：2016年南开大学公共政策考博复试线考博真题考博参考书(精)

2016年南开大学公共政策考博复试线考博真题考博参考书 考生类别院 系 所 码 院系所名 称 专业名称 外 语 业 务 课 1 业 务

课 2 总 分 复试权重

普通招考115周恩来政府 管理学院

政治学理论、中外 政治制度、国际关

系60606021540%社会学、人口学、社会心理学60606021540%行政管理、教育经 济与管理60606022040% 注:已获硕士学位者和应届硕士毕业生不再参加思想政治理论科目考试。专业代码、名称 及研究方向

指导教师人数考试科目备注 44 120401行政管理

05公共政策①0001思想政治理论②

1001英语、1002日语选 一③2704行政管理学④ 3724政策理论 考博常见问题

一、考博需要注意的五大事项

1、目标明确

确定了考博,第一件事是先确定报考学校和导师,不要再对考博的前景三心二意。考博虽然不意味着成功,但至少是人生的一个重要转折点,特别是对于非名校毕业的硕士来说,考个名校博士肯定是得大于失。不要同时准备两所学校,人的精力毕竟有限。

2、复习时间六个月以上

能拿到硕士学位再考博的,都差不到哪儿去,想要超越对手,时间是一个宝贵的因素。复习时间越长,对考试内容的熟悉程度必然越深。当然每个人的情况不同,复习很短时间就能考博成功的案例比比皆是。

3、复习方法正确

各个学校都有自己的风格。复习时一定要找到该校出题的规律,切不可到书

店找一些资料搞题海战术,要知道,一门课程出到卷子上可能只有二道题,如果你有心把该校近五六年考博卷拿出来看一看,再把近几年的研究生的期末考试题拿来研究一下,估计你可以做出题老师了。在这方面,外校学生一般会吃大亏,因为有些课

程的题目是该校的特色题,且不谈题目你没看到过,就算是题目提前给你,你翻遍书店可能都找不到答案。如果说考博有什么捷径的话,应该就在于此。

4、导师关系处理恰当,否则你面试、调剂时可能会有麻烦

一般来说,如果你的技能与导师的项目很对口,或者你在什么核心期刊上发表与导师的研究课题相关的论文,那他肯定会同意你报考。如果你不具备上述条件,那么找导师的熟人介绍一下,导师一般也会要你。还不具备的话,那你就脸皮厚一点,让他明白你为报考他的博士,付出了很多,导师也是人,会有同情心的,不要因为一次拒绝丧失信心。实在不行的话,换一位试试,总有导师会要你的。不过有一点要记住,导师招学生最根本的衡量准则是你的考分,你成绩不靠前,导师也很难帮你。

5、经济上要有一定的支撑

包括人际关系费用,找该校的对口复习资料费用,报辅导班的费用,考试费等等,该花的最好不要省,只要是对考博成功有利的。因为这些钱对于博士生出来后的待遇来说太微不足道了。

二、专业课如何复习

对待专业课的认识,有些考生以为自己学了这么多年本专业,甚至发表了不少文章,专业课应该没问题了,从而放松了对自己专业课复习的要求。其实现在博士录取时,各个环节都不能放松。即使及格了,如果成绩较低,总分排名靠居后,也会影响导师对自己的印象。提高专业课的复习效率,育明考博告诉大家可以分为以下两个阶段: 1.了解学术动态

考生在确定了报考的局势和研究方向以后,要立刻在招生简章或报考学校的网站上查到复习的参考资料。一定要翻翻近两年专业杂志,看看大家讨论的热点问题,浏览一下报考学校近三年的学报,了解本专业发表的论文。最好在考前就有关热点问题加以思考,提出自己的观点和看法。尤其需要强调一点,考生应查看导师近五年中发表的文章以及导师近年的专著,有些观点、数据、理论要掌握,特别是有关老师 的论文一定要熟记于心,遇到类似的题目可以搬上去,这对于提高你的成绩会大有裨益。特别要注意教师在一些有争议的问题上的观点和立场,围绕这种问题,时间允许的话最好再收集相关资料。往往导师会在这些问题上考察学生。导师招收博士,也是寻求合作者的过程,如果发现一个对自己近两年研究的领域知之甚多,甚至观点也和自己相容或相似,势必会给导师带来好的印象。可以提前和该导师的博士生取得联系,要求提供去年的专业课考试的考题(一般专业课试题有10%一30%的重复率,而各高校却不提供专业课考题,或者要求他提供第一学期的专业课笔记(老师近期关注的重点大多都在其中,也可以请他大致谈谈考试出题的倾向以及考试的感受和经验。自己做不到这一点的话,可以寻求辅导班的帮助,省时省力。

2.复习阶段

花半个月时间收集全资料后,应拟订一个大致的复习计划,内容包括时间和进度安排、复习方式、自查形式等等。这里需要注意的是: 在时间上,专业课的复习要留有充足的时间,越往后复习密度应逐渐力加强。

在精力安排要详略得当。一般要求复习教材内容至少三遍。第一遍,对教材有一个大致的把握,这本教材谈了哪些方面的问题,相互之间是什么样的逻辑体系。第二遍,画出重点内容,并适当记忆,掌握该教材的一般知识点,尤其是该书的精华部分和大致脉络、主要观点应非常清楚。个人看书习惯可能不同,既可以做读书笔记,也可以就在书上画,然后再整理出一个个的理论、观点。这里要注意学会比较研究的方法,即比较各个理论之间的异同,从而确立自己的立场。对研究领域当前的热点问题,尽可能找些资料看看,并初步思考这些问题以使自己有一个较为明确的观点,有心得的地方应专门记录下来。如果说前两遍是考生自我学习消化的过程,第三遍则是直

接为考试做准备的,应放在离考试日期较近的时间内(以一个月内为宜。其目的就是为了使自己前面学到的东西不至于在考场上反映不出来。

复习内容上有一点需单独强调,即对所考的课程,均要阅读几本非指定考试用书。很多导师喜欢出书评一类的题型。

对于跨专业报考的考生而言,难度往往比较大。一定要分析好自己的优势和劣势后再决定报考。在复习时也可以适当兼顾以前的专业犷笔试和面试要让导师感觉到你原专业功底比较扎实,报考该专业是个人研究兴趣的转向而不是自己在原专业上失败了才改换门庭。不过复习专业课时,所准备的时间和精力要明显增加,时间分配要向专业课倾斜。同时,在复习专业课时,要从报考专业的基本教材看起,学习该专业硕士生甚至本科生的课程,对一般课程大致浏览,有一个宏观的把握就行。而对考试指定课程,则应反复阅读,重点突破。

对于应届毕业生而言,专业课复习有优势也有劣势。优势一是自己的硕士论文刚做,对本专业的理论,特别是前沿理论以及当前的热点问题掌握得较全面;二是如果是报考本校的导师可以较方便地找到有资料,甚至可以提前一两个学期选修该导师的专业课,从而在专业和感情上与老师靠近,这对下一步的面试很重要。劣势一是不少硕士生精力投放在找工作上以使接触该专业时间较短;二是缺乏具体实践经验和社会资本。

三、考博英语如何复习

硕士阶段的学习使考生在专业课部分很难拉开分数。反倒是英语科目,由于基础和水平的参差不齐,会影响到考试整体的分数档次,考博英语难吗?如何复习达到高效?

1、题型由于考博英语试题由各招生单位自己独立命题,所以不同院校的考博英语试题题型风格不尽相同。就题型而言,一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。很多院校初试不再考听力,而在复试通过口语形式考查。但有些院校仍在初试考查听力,甚至很重视听力分数。有些学校还有改错题,应用文，甚至其他题型。少数院校不考作文,但翻译比较长。很多院校主观题的分数所占比重都较高,占1/3甚至1/2比重。

2、难度考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力,所以其难度不能简单与其他考试比较。但一般来说,考博英语试题的难度约相当于大学英语六级,但少数院校比六级难,有些院校甚至只相当于四级水平,甚至同一院校不同年份的难易程度也迥异。这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范,往往因出题人不同而有区别。所以,报考相应院校的考生一定要看一看该院校近年的考博英语真题。给大家推荐河北大学出版社出版的,北外夏岩教授主编的《考博英语真题解析》。

3、词汇保守估计,考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词,900常用动词短

语。当然,一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇,通过考博英语也没有多大问题,只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。长期关注和研究考博英语试题,反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。事实上,背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的,考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇,而如上文所述,是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以,词汇够用即可,建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇,然后略加拓展,如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表,但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。英语说到底还是个水平问题。

4、语法大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法,但语法有必要全面复习一下。这也不怎么花费时间。

5、阅读可以做一做对应院校的考题,也可做一做考研阅读真题、大学英语六级真题,有些院校考博英语试题选自考研真题原题、六级真题原题。

6、翻译英译汉相对来说比较好做,但不好得分。相反,汉译英虽然看起来难,但往往容易得分。所以应该多准备。

关于翻译部分,针对词汇空缺现象,在词汇的借用、引用方面通常采取四种形式:音译、直译、改编、意译。

音译:人名、地名以及一些表示新概念而本族语里又找不到对成词来表示时,均可采用音译法介绍到译文语言中去,如:[汉译英]磕头(kowtow,荔枝(litchi;[英译汉]、engine(引擎,motor(马达,sofa(沙发,logic(逻辑直译:paper tiger(纸老虎,lose face(丢脸,Seeing is believing.(百闻不如一见。Out of mind,out of sight.(眼不见,心不烦

改编:所谓“改编”指的是音译或直译如意义补充的翻译,在翻译的“改编法”中,译者总是一方面尽可能保持原文语言的特性,另一方面更希望译文含义明朗,使读者一目了然。

比如,汉语的“班门弄斧”这个成语,可译成This is like showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter其中,“鲁班”变成了“Lu Ban the mater carpenter"否则鲁班究竟是什么人,不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然。这类译法在英译中比较常见,如巧克力糖(chocolate,鸦片烟(opium,高尔夫球(golf,来福枪(rifle,尼龙布(nylon。

4、意译法:填补语言中的词汇、语义空缺,采用“并行法”即意译法是一种常见的有效方法。如果某一语言观象,在译文语言中只的用意义相同的不同语言形式即“并行”的词汇来翻译时,那么就等于说译文语言的形式中存在着一个“空缺”。比如,有许多词以及由这些词代表的思想概念,最先只存在于某种语言中,当把这些词或概念介绍到另一种语言中去时,我们可采取音译,直译法,同时也可采用意译法,而且意译译文可从语音、语法、语义等方面都合乎译文语言的规范,因此最易为读者接受。比如:communism,democracy,和proletariat等外来词变成“共产主义”“民主”和”无产者”时,可以说最先是意译的结果。同时,由于“共产主义”,“无产者”等完全是按我们汉语的构词规则,用汉语的构词材料构成的。因此,这种意译只不过是属于一种概念的借鉴而已。

7、作文一般都是命题作文,即给定题目写一篇200-250词的议论文。作文应当认真准备。这是容易得分也容易失分的项目。

考博辅导的流程

我们育明教育针对这一专业的辅导一共有七轮,第一轮讲授报名的方法和注意事项,专家推荐书的注意事项,如何联系导师,如何写作博士期间的攻读计划,考博英语考试的技巧和准备方法,研究成果和个人陈述的技术性处理等,本部分不算课时;第二轮是对核心参考书的分析讲解,主要是理清学科的发展史,掌握每一个阶段的主要理论,代表人物,提出背景和评价,最终构建起完整的学科框架;第三轮在第二轮的基础上进行常考专题的讲解,是对第二轮和深化和凝练;第四轮是针对真题的难度深度广度灵活度和缜密度以及出题老师的特点,就出题老师的学科背景,研究重点,上课的笔记讲稿,论文,研究课题成果等进行深度讲解;第五轮是就最新的理论前沿和学科热点结合现实的热点进行拔高应用性讲解;第六轮是模拟练习,教会考生怎么破题,怎么安排结构,怎么突出创新点等答题技巧;第七轮是面试指导。主要包括:如何做一个有特色、有伏笔、有吸引力的自我介绍,如何着装,语气语调神态肢体动作练习,英语口语集训及问答,模拟面试等。相信经过这七轮的立体化无死角的复习,一定能考出理想的成绩。考博英语

虽然说XX学校自己命题,但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的,和其他学校没有什么大的区别,其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢?很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况,有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同,英语必须要有实力,我们提倡“高能高分,高分高能”,实力是最重要的。但是不是让大家漫无目的的学,准备考博英语是有方法的,我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长,在研究各个学校的考题的基础上,发现了各个学校

出题很有共性,在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料,包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分,凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了,这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题,你好好做做,考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。

资料来源:育明考研考博官网www.xiexiebang.com

第二篇：南开大学考博英语

南开考博英语

一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分

二、词汇：15分

三、阅读理解：40分

四、改错：10分

五、作文：15分

一、听力（1分×20=20分）

二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）

三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）(A)出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（猎物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves.A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.by controlpanel

So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved.For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs.Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的），it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（线）.Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein.It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk.In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web.Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web.One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.by controlpanel 1.A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be.A.Secrets of Spiders.B.Secrets of the Web C.Secrets of Nature D.A New Discovery of Scientists 2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true A.All web-building spiders are blind B.Most spiders are blind C.Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D.All spiders can weave webs.3.Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to.A.walk quickly B.see the prey clearly C.conserve its energy D.survive 4.A spider conserves its energy.A.because it constructs new webs daily B.as it walks over the strands it lays C.by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web D.by eating only in the evening 5.That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that.A.a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk B.spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain C.the web is everything to a spider D.a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B)出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel.This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.by controlpanel Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals.The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink.Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.by controlpanel 6.What is the main topic of the passage?

(A)Weather variations in the desert

(B)Adaptations of desert animals

(C)Diseased of desert animals

(D)Human use of desert animals.7.According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A)It helps them hide from predators.(B)It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.(C)It helps them see their young at night

(D)It keeps them cool at night.8.The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A)an animal with a low average temperature

(B)an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel(C)a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D)a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A)They do not need to eat much food.(B)They can eat large quantities quickly

(C)They easily lose their appetites.(D)They can travel long distances looking for food.10.Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A)To show how they use camels.(B)To contrast them to desert mammals.(C)To give instructions about desert survival.(D)To show how they have adapted to desert life.(C)关于旅游能扩展思路（原文没找到）(D)出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.by controlpanel We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious.Everything of importance comes from the teacher.by controlpanel With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students.In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with.John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.by controlpanel 11.The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.A.For the teacher to divide students into small groups.B.To make it possible for students to interact with each other.CFor the teacher to find out how students think.D.To give students more opportunities to practice speaking.3 12.The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years”(in Para.1)is intended to convey the idea that_______.A.College classrooms often reminded people of their college life.B.Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.C.A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.D.There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.13.The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________ AThe teacher saves the trouble in doing that.B.Learning is made comfortable in this way.C.The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.D.Brighter students can help slower ones.14.All the following statements are true according to the passage except that

_________.A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.C.Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.15.The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________ A.Create a comfortable setting for interaction.B.Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.C.Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.D.Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and faces easily.(E)出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus，children were valued in terms of their productivity and they assumed the role of producer quite early．Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination，and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status（地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become，each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members．Consequently，viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted（多方面的）member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian（功利的）organisms ．This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children．It is now possible to influence the 4 details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel（原则、信条）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing． by controlpanel The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence，socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society B）The Children of Colonial North America C）The Development of Cultural Values D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children's success．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children's psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs．

C）A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families．

20．According to the passage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children's future occupations B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childless couples D）child-rearing techniques

(F)关于American paradox（原文没找到）

四、改错（1分×10=10分）出自英语专业八级考试模拟题

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water.This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some

other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ of the sun.by controlpanel As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range.__3__ The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ in quantity.A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ earth during volcanic action.The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ melted.Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface.There is also a minor，but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone.Let alone 意为“更不用说”，表示一种让步关系。2.face-surface 根据上下文理解，应该指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。这样使得planet后面的句子成为一个定语从句。4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重复。5.out改成outer 这里指外层空间。6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中这里是让步关系，而不是并列关系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英语表达中，当分子是二以上的数时，分母应为复数。

9.when改成until或者unless 根据上下文，这句话的意思应为:除非（冰雪)融化，否则（地球上的）生命系统就无法利用水。所以when在这里的意思有误。

10.fewer改成less 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用less。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing 提纲：

1、阐述二者的relation；

2、提出建议和solution；

3、以一个natural end结尾。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ⅡReading Comprehension(20 points)

Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S.cities have simply built more roads.But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run.Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.

The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.

hPathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.

Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

kaobo.cn,kaobo.org“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough.It sends people the wrong message.They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems.It's not the solution itself, just pan of the package.There are different strategies.”

Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.

It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years.There has to be a big change.

1.What is the appropriate title for the passage ?

A.Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. B.A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. C.A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.

D.Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.

2.The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.an optional solution B.an expedient solution C.a ready solution

D.an efficient solution

3.According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to __________. A.develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways B.provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services C.optimize the highway capabilities

D.improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4.According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, __________. A.car pooling must be studied B.rapid mass transit system must be introduced C.flexible work hours must be experimented D.overall strategies must be coordinated

5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage? A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.

B.A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. C.Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. D.An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. Passage 2 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper.If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away;if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage.We reserve rage for our own species.It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man—indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.

The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6.A suitable title for this passage would be __________. A.Wily Human Armies Are Formed B.Man's Anger Against the World C.The Human Capacity for Rage D.Early Straggles of Angry Mail

7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is __________.A.its lengthy and complex development

B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland C.that we do not fly into a temper more often D.that we reserve anger for mankind 8.The passage suggests that __________. A.historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9.From the passage we can infer that __________.

A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens B.games are psychologically unhealthy

C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's sctivities.

10.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is __________.

A.founded in historical fact

B.deceptive C.apparent

D.accurate Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1.Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are __________ to imported ones.

A.inadequate B.inappropriate

C.inferior D.interior

2.It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he __________ what he knows. A.makes for B.makes of C.makes up D.makes out

3.Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business __________, something unheard of in Europe.

A.transformations B.transmissions C.transitions D.transactions

4.As the pressure __________ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.

A.intensifies

B.magnifies

C.heightens

D.deviates

5.The strong scent of Kate's perfume __________ the air in the small room. A.radiated B.permeated？ C.extracted？ D.dispersed

6.The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least __________, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial

7.They are __________ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. A.tempting B.tickling C.tormenting D.tricking

8.Another popular misconception is the __________ that great talent is usually highly specific. A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy

9.You can __________ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. A.change B.vary C.alter D.transform

10.The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be __________. A.enormous B.huge C.vast D.immense Part Ⅳ？ Error Correction(10 points)

Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you cross out a word, put a slant(/)in the blank. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in some other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it,？ 1.__________ ___ 2.__________ ____ the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at thestore of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.Moreover, 3.__________ ___ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumer？

4.__________ _____ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？

5.__________ ___

In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed he 6.__________ _______ or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain about in person 7.__________ ________ whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8.__________ ________ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？

9.__________ __________

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong？

10.__________ __________ with the item in question. Part Ⅴ Writing(10 points)略

Frankly speaking, in contemporary China, volunteer is not quite prevailing or in a embarrased situation attributing to the misunderstanding among the crow.What's worse, the minority of people treat it as a useless and meaningless career in the world.In fact, there is of great essenciality to correct the wrong opinion in volunteer and advocate the volunteer career.As follows, I will list some advantages of volunteer.First of all, volunteer play quite vital a role in our sociaty.Taking Beijing Olympic Game for example, there is no doubt that volunteer is a bridge between Chinese and volunteer, they help to translate for native sellers, keep the activity and traffic in order and so on.Moreover, volunteer is the pioneer when faced with the catastrophe.In the wenchuan earthquake, indisputably, volunteer lend a hand to the victime in the first moment.From my own perspective, volunteer is the most sacred career in this world, we should feel pround of that we are volunteers.10

第三篇：马克思主义考博真题

07年 马哲原理

1、试论马克思主义的哲学观。（40分）

2、试论马克思主义哲学的批判的革命的本质及其现实意义。（30分）

3、试论马克思恩格斯关于社会公平的思想。（30分）

原著

1、“人们自己创造自己的历史，但他们并不是随心所欲的创造自己的历史„„” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

2、“人的思维的至上性与非至上性……真理与谬误的……” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

3、“认识由感性到理性……从现象到本质，再到更深刻的本质”（关于现象和本质的那段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

4、“认识和实践……”（关于实践和认识无限反复循环的一段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

5、试论恩格斯在马克思主义哲学创立过程中的地位和作用。（20分）

6、试论马克思恩格斯关于政治解放和人类解放的关系的思想。（区别和联系）（20分）08年

马哲原理：

1.试述费尔巴哈和马克思关于人的论述。

2．阐述实践标准的确定性和不确定性的论述，并谈谈其现实意义。3．试论述历史规律的客观性及其特点。马哲史：

1.“人体解剖是猴体解剖的一把钥匙„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。2.“我们不能得意于对自然界的胜利„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。3.“考察的客观性。”要求说出出处、含义和意义。4．“使马克思主义哲学具有中国风格、中国气派”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。04年 马哲原理

1、如何从哲学角度理解社会发展。

2、实践在现实生活中的超越意义。原著

1、《提纲》的伟大变革。

2、列宁三者统一思想。

3、毛泽东《实践论》《反对本本主义》《人的正确思想从哪里来》的内在联系。05年 马哲原理

1、马克思主义中国化特点、主要经验及其意义。

2、和谐社会的哲学基础。

3、人与社会矛盾的当代特点及出路。原著

1、《提纲》第二条。

2、《政治经济学批判序言》两个“不会”“必然”。

3、《终结》 “过程集合体”。

4、列宁《谈谈辩证法问题》最后一段“唯心主义的认识论根源”。

5、文本研究对发展马哲的意义。06年：

马哲原理：

1、试论马克思主义世界历史理论对中国现代化的意义。

2、简述真理是一个过程的思想及其意义。

3、试述社会历史发展的决定论和选择论的辩证关系及其意义。原著：

1.引文为马克思《1857-1858手稿》中关于人的发展阶段理论一段话，要求指出出处，解释文本并说明意义。

2、引文为为“随着自然科学的发展，唯物主义必然改变自己的形式......”一段话，要求指出出处，解释文本并说明意义。

3、引文为列宁“两个归结于”一段论述，要求指出出处，解释文本并说明意义。

4、简述毛泽东在《实践论》和《矛盾论》中对马哲中国化的贡献。07年 马哲原理

1、试论马克思主义的哲学观。（40分）

2、试论马克思主义哲学的批判的革命的本质及其现实意义。（30分）

3、试论马克思恩格斯关于社会公平的思想。（30分）

原著

1、“人们自己创造自己的历史，但他们并不是随心所欲的创造自己的历史„„” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

2、“人的思维的至上性与非至上性……真理与谬误的……” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

3、“认识由感性到理性……从现象到本质，再到更深刻的本质”（关于现象和本质的那段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

4、“认识和实践……”（关于实践和认识无限反复循环的一段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）

5、试论恩格斯在马克思主义哲学创立过程中的地位和作用。（20分）

6、试论马克思恩格斯关于政治解放和人类解放的关系的思想。（区别和联系）（20分）08年

马哲原理：

1.试述费尔巴哈和马克思关于人的论述。

2．阐述实践标准的确定性和不确定性的论述，并谈谈其现实意义。3．试论述历史规律的客观性及其特点。马哲史：

1.“人体解剖是猴体解剖的一把钥匙„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。2.“我们不能得意于对自然界的胜利„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。3.“考察的客观性。”要求说出出处、含义和意义。4．“使马克思主义哲学具有中国风格、中国气派”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。

中国人民大学中国哲学专业历年考博试题

2000年： 西哲：

1、亚里士多德对柏拉图理念说的批判与继承。

2、安瑟尔谟关于上帝存在的本体论证明。

3、休谟因果说评述。

4、斯宾诺莎唯理论的认识。

5、费尔巴哈对黑格尔唯心主义体系的批评和继承。中哲；

1、庄子对老子思想的继承和发展。

2、《坛经》的心性论综述。

3、朱熹的格物致知思想述评。

4、章太炎儒学观的演变。

5、道家思想的现代意义。2001年 西哲

1、德谟克利特的原子论。

2、康德的感性。

3、经验论的。

4、托马斯·阿奎那的理性和信仰的关系。

5、黑格尔的矛盾。中哲：

1、离间白和合同异的异同。

2、郭象的独化论述评。

3、王阳明的“四句教”的哲学意义。

4、谭嗣同的仁学。

5、以德治国的现实意义。2002年 西哲：

1、柏拉图的理念论。

2、培根的四假象说。

3、休谟的习惯性联想。

4、托马斯·阿奎那关于上帝存在的证明。

5、康德的实践理性批判。中哲：

1、先秦天道观的区别。

2、董仲舒的人副天数说。

3、法藏华严宗的判教理论。

4、严复的中西观。

5、中西哲学的比较。2003年 西哲：

1、亚里士多德的四因说。

2、笛卡儿、斯宾诺莎、莱布尼茨的“天赋观念说”的异同。

3、贝克莱的“存在即是感知和被感知”。

4、黑格尔的辩证法述评。中哲：

1、老子的“道”的思想和现代意义。

2、葛洪对道家思想的改造。

3、二程学说的异同。

4、孙中山的进化论思想。

5、中国哲学同现代化的关系。2004年 西哲：

1、柏拉图理念论。

2、斯宾诺莎实体学说。

3、康德“哥白尼革命”。

4、黑格尔的“思维与存在的同一性。” 中哲：

1、荀子对孔子“礼”思想的继承和发展。

2、南北朝时佛性与人性之辨。

3、王廷相的道体论及其在气学中的地位。

4、维新派知行观的特点。

5、儒佛价值观的融合与冲突。2005年 西哲：

1、亚里士多德的中道思想与孔子中庸思想比较。

2、笛卡儿是在面临什么样的挑战下提出他的形而上学基础的？他是如何构建他的形而上学基础的？

3、贝克莱的“存在即感知与被感知”。

4、康德的“人为自然立法”。中哲：

1、先秦法家的道论。

2、董仲舒对先秦儒家的改造。

3、朱熹的“无极太极之辩”

4、康有为哲学创新中的中国特色。

5、中国哲学中天人关系的现代意义。2007年 中哲： 1．《易传》的哲学思想 2．葛洪的哲学思想 3．《四书》与宋明理学的关系 4．龚自珍、魏源的哲学思想 5．“和”的中国哲学资源 西哲：

1．柏拉图的洞穴隐喻

2．斯宾诺莎的伦理学思想与庄子人生哲学的异同 3．康德的纯粹理性批判 4．举例说明西方哲学概念在诠释中国哲学中的积极作用和消极作用

2009年（凭记忆，可能有误差，请谅解）中哲：

1，儒家的仁爱和墨家兼爱之间的异同 2，董仲舒的天人合一思想 3，宋明理学中天理的含义

4，评述康有为的“公羊三世说” 5，评述中国儒学与现代化的兼容性 西哲：

1，普罗泰格拉“人是万物的尺度”，并用柏拉图的理念论加以评析 2，中世纪两大派

3，康德是怎样完成他的批判的

4，逻各斯和中国哲学中“道”的异同 中国人民大学2010年博士初试题目 中国哲学：

道家哲学的现实意义近代国学争论 宋明理学分系

《易传》中的天人思想 华严宗一与多关系 综合： 一

1.人与自然的关系及其现实意义 2.唯物史观实现的革命性变革

3.为什么说实践的观点是马克思主义认识论的首要的基本的观点

二

1.庄子的齐物论

2.道教的一个什么思想

3.朱熹的“理一分殊”

4.科学规律的合理性与可错性，并举例说明

三

1.柏拉图为什么把世界二重化，分为可知世界与可感世界？从知识论和存在论的角度回答 2.笛卡尔为什么坚持身心二元论？它的形而上学意义及缺陷

3.黑格尔的思维与存在的统一

4.论可能世界 专业课：2011

历史唯物主义在马克思主义中的地位和作用。

马克思恩格斯公平观。

“黑人就是黑人，只有在一定关系下，黑人才是奴隶；纺纱机就是纺织棉花的工具，只有在一定关系下，纺纱机才是资本。”这段话的出处、含义以及意义。

“考察的客观性（不是枝节，是自在之物本身）”，这句话的出处、含义以及意义。

哲学综合：

马哲原理（三选二）

历史唯物主义的基本观点以及对社会科学方法论的意义

矛盾特殊性的含义以及在实际工作中的意义

科学技术是第一生产力

西哲（四选二）

什么是怀疑主义？怀疑主义在西方哲学史上的意义

亚里士多德“

”（一段关于存在论的话），谈谈这种科学的特征以及在西方哲学史上的演变

上帝本体论证明以及康德对证明的批判

逻辑是什么，它的哲学含义

第四篇：南开大学2012年考博招生简章

南开大学2012年考博招生简章

一、招生计划：

我校2012年计划招收博士研究生800名，招生名额中含硕博连读、直接攻博及普通招考。各学院在规定招生名额内确定导师的招生指标。

二、考试方式：

直接攻博：从被我校2012年接收的校内外推荐免试攻读硕士学位的优秀应届本科毕业生中选拔直接攻读博士生的方式。专业一般为理工农医等博士招生专业和文科经管类属于国家重点学科的博士招生专业。

硕博连读：在我校优秀在学硕士生中考核，完成规定硕士课程学习并且成绩优秀、具有较强的科研创新精神和科研能力的在学硕士生中选拔博士生的方式。在全校各博士招生学科专业内进行。

普通招考：面向社会招生，参加我校组织的博士入学考试，择优录取。

三、报考条件：

1、拥护中国共产党的领导，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法。

2、身体健康状况符合规定的体检标准。

3、我校各学科接收应届毕业硕士生和已获硕士学位人员。应届毕业硕士生是指毕业时同时获得硕士研究生毕业证书和硕士学位证书的应届生；在职申请硕士学位（只有学位证书，没有毕业证书）人员必须在现场照相前取得硕士学位证书。我校不招收提前毕业的在学硕士生。

4、获得国外硕士学位的考生在复试资格审查时必须提交教育部留学服务中心提供的学位认证证书原件及复印件。否则取消复试及录取资格。

5、我校只允许个别科研能力强、导师推荐的同等学力者报考，具体要求详见同等学力具体要求。

6、我校理工科各学院只招收全日制的非在职攻读博士生，部分人文社会科学学院招收少量在职攻读博士生。非在职攻读博士生录取后必须将档案和工资关系转入我校。

四、在职报考审批：

由于我校控制在职考生报考的数量，在职报考考生在11月下旬向报考学院提交申请，由学院审核批准，上报研究生院招生办公室后，在职考生方可报名。未经审批或审批未通过而报名缴费的在职考生一律不予准考，报名费不再退还。

五、报考流程及注意事项（具体网上报考流程请留意我校研究生院信息）：

1、我校博士招生每年招生一次，采用网上报名方式报名，报考费200元。考生需要通过网上支付形式缴纳报名费，报名费支付后一律不退还，网报时间内未缴纳报名费视为报名信息无效。

网上报名网址：http://graduate.nankai.edu.cn/bswb/index.asp

网上报名时间：2011年12月1日9：00－12月22日24：00。

2、符合报考条件的考生可在网报时间登录我校博士研究生入学考试报名系统进行网上报名，网上报名以获得系统分配的报名号为报名成功的标志。网上报名成功后需要下载《南开大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表》（表上须粘贴近期个人2寸照片）、《南开大学2012年博士报名信息卡》、《2012年报考南开大学博士研究生专家推荐信》等有关报名表格并打印。

3、考生应按报名表上的要求如实填写有关报名表格的内容。登记表上无须加盖单位公章。在职报考考生根据教育部规定，“考生须征得委托培养或定向培养单位的同意。考生与所在单位或委托、定向单位因报考问题引起的纠纷而造成不能调档、复试、录取的后果，招生单位不负责任。”

4、同等学力报考者，必须在规定的报名时间前一个月向我校研招办提交所有要求的材料原件。由所报考的导师写推荐信，经我校审查同意后，方可履行报名手续，未经我校审查通过者报考资格无效。

5、现场确认时间为2012年3月14日9：00—15：30，地点为南开大学注册中心（大学生活动中心一楼），所有参加考试的考生届时要到我校注册中心进行现场确认，现场确认需提交报名材料：①—②，并进行现场照相、领取准考证，现场确认必须由本人参加，未进行现场确认的考生不能参加考试（考核攻博生不用到现场确认，具体安排见第十二条）。

具体材料（A4纸）内容如下：

① 本人身份证（或军官证、护照）原件；

②《南开大学2012年博士报名信息卡》（需考生签字）。

6、考试分为初试和复试两个阶段，具体情况见第六条。

7、2012年5月底确定拟录取名单。

六、考试分为初试和复试两个阶段：

1、初试：三门考试科目，均为笔试，包括外语（含听力、基础外语）和两门专业课。初试时间为2012年3月17日——18日，每科考试时间为3个小时。

2、复试：2012年4月上旬公布复试分数线、复试名单。具体复试时间、地点届时通知。各学院的复试分数线及复试名单由学院在全校复试分数线基础上有权自行确定。报考资格在复试时审查，资格不符合要求将不能参加复试。

复试时考生须提交材料（A4纸）：①《南开大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表》（表上须张贴近期个人2寸照片）；②硕士学位课程学习成绩单复印件，须加盖研究生院或单位人事部门公章；③硕士学位证书原件及复印件一份，应届毕业生为学生证原件及复印件一份，获得国外硕士学位的考生须提交教育部留学服务中心提供的学位认证证书原件及复印件；④个人成果原件；⑤外语能力证书原件；⑥硕士论文摘要；⑦两封《2012年报考南开大学博士研究生专家推荐信》（须分别由两位副教授以上职称专家推荐）。

复试全面考察考生的专业素质，包括专业英语。

3、考试地点：初试——南开大学。

复试——南开大学各学院。

七、学制：

全日制博士生学制三至六年，在职攻读博士生学制四至六年。

八、学业奖学金：

2012年我校实行学业奖学金机制，录取的全日制非在职攻读博士学位学生将获得学业奖学金。人事档案和工资关系未转入我校的学生不享受学业奖学金，须缴纳学费。

九、公派联合培养：

国家留学基金委实施“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”，经导师推荐，专家委员会审核批准，我校每年将选拔优秀在学博士研究生到世界著名学府学习一至两年。

十、招生专业目录查询：

招生专业目录可在我校研究生院招生主页上查询（带星号★的专业为我校自设专业）。

十二、住宿问题：

凡被我校录取的在职博士生（指档案、工资关系不转入我校的博士生，这里不包括少数民族骨干计划考生和对口支援西部计划考生），入学后均不提供学生宿舍。

十三、注册报到：

凡被我校录取的博士生，需在学校录取通知书指定的时间报到注册，且必须携带硕士学位证书（在国外获取学位者需提供教育部留学服务中心开具的学位证明），没有硕士学位者不予注册，并取消录取资格。

十四、考生与报考导师联系可以通过网上公布的E-mail，或与报考院、系（所）直接联系。

十五、其他说明：

1、网上提交的个人信息必须准确、真实，否则，影响录取。

2、报名登记表上信息与网上提交的信息相应内容应该一致。

3、请事先对自己的报考资格进行确认，一旦报考费缴纳成功，如因考生个人原因取消报名或不能参加考试，报考费一律不予退还。

4、直接攻博和硕博连读学生请于2012年3月1日自备150*200像素bmp格式电子照片，发到cn-ljp@163.com，同时将签好字的《南开大学2012年博士报名信息卡》送交南开大学研究生院招生办公室。

5、如果出现因网络拥挤，造成报名过程出现异常，可以等候网络畅通以后再进行。如果网络数据或者网上支付出现问题，请与南开大学研究生院招生办联系。联系电话：022-23502121，E-mail：cn-ljp@163.com。

6、有关事宜请登陆南开大学研究生院主页：

http://graduate.nankai.edu.cn/admissions/index.asp，并随时留意网上公布的最新招生信息。

十六、南开大学通讯地址：

天津市南开大学研究生院招生办公室 邮编：300071

南开大学研究生院招生

第五篇：考博英语词汇题

词汇题汇总（练习）A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying.This happens when fact is discovered which seems to_____ what the law would lead one to expect.A.prove B.support C.contradict D.discourage 2 The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least______, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial 3 After several nuclear disasters, a ______ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A.quarrel B.suspicion C.verdict D.controversy 4 Our interests seem to ______ at this point.A.constrain B.condense C.conduct D.converge 5 Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news s-pread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A.diversified B.disseminated C.converged D.accelerated 6 The ______ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.A.conversion B.convention C.conversation D.version 7 Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A.verdict B.sentence C.conviction D.acquittal 8 The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A.managerial B.lethal C.metric D.cordial 9 Chemistry is closely______ with other studies: physics, biology and so on.A.corresponded B.concerned C.correlated D.cooperated 10 It is not enough to observe behaviors and _____ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A.correlate B.comply C.correspond D.pertain 11 Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of ______ to deal with every day.A.correspondents B.correspondence C.incidence D.dependence 12 Since its inception, Pakistan has strived desperately to ______India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.A.counteract B.counterfeited C.counterchange D.counterbalance 13 A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A.forged B.currency C.substituted D.cash 14 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.A.tenacity B.curiosity C.civility D.hostility 15 What is missing from TV news_______ would fill a book.A.coverage B.dissemination C.declaration D.consultation 16 The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being_____ of everything they do.A.emotional B.optimistic C.interested D.critical 17 The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A.crucial B.forcible C.supreme D.valuable 18 In a divorce, the mother usually is granted______ of her children.A.support B.retention C.perseverance D.custody 19 Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A.jeopardy B.custody C.suspicion D.probation 20 The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant’s trial for murder.A.a decision of guilty B.a decision to punish by electrocution C.an impasse D.an unusual verdict 21 The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, ______ to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A.receded B.implied C.complied D.declined 22 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have______.A.declined B.increased C.broken D.maintained 23 If somebody is _____, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.A.confirmed B.decorated C.appreciated D.nominated 24 He won by______ because his opponent refused to play.A.defect B.default C.deficit D.refusal 25 The ____now seems to stand as the primary to a new era of strong economic growth.A.defect B.descent C.deficit D.defeat 26 It was their______ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A.compulsory B.deliberate C.carefree D.modest 27 A ______ plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A.deliberate B.disincentive C.functional D.fantastic 28 The supply of apples exceeds the _____ this year.A.request B.claim C.requirement D.demand 29 “Do you like your boss?” “No, he is too_______.”

A.in demand B.demande C.on demand D.demanding 30 I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.A.compliment B.criticize C.flatter D.challenge 31 Because of the bombing that killed six people, Washington has been urging the spokesman to______ terrorism more severely.A.charge B.censor C.blame D.denounce 32 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends o its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentiment B.sediment C.semester D.segment 33 Nobody at work is very happy, because last week’s sales figures were pretty _____.A.destroying B.depressing C.deceasing D.declining 34 I want to talk about all these points in_____ order of importance.A.declining

B.descending

C.plunging

D.falling

Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A.conveys

B.defines

C.indicates

D.explains

If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A.assign

B.detach

C.attach

D.dispatch 37 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.We arrived at our______ almost two hours later.A.designation

B.destiny

C.destination

D.dignity

He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.A.deteriorated

B.diminished

C.dwindled

D.lessened

Smuggling is a ______ activity which might bring destruction to our economy;therefore, it must be banned.A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _____ from a straight line.A.distracted

B.deviated

C.intrigued

D.permeated 42 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A.distinguished

B.estranged

C.deferred

D.enlarged

The ______ of the occasion was spoiled when she fell down the steps.A.privacy

B.dignity

C.morality

D.secrecy 44 Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live_____.A.subtly B.frugally C.explicitly D.cautiously 45 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years.A.listless B.robust C.thrifty D.gullible 46 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear 47 Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will______ a more powerful figure who promised them help and/or salvation.A.be prone to B.give in to C.live up to D.put an end to 48 She ______ at the thought of being parted from her family for so long.A.suffered B.grieved C.discriminate D.scared 49 It______ me to see him in such a bad health.He was such an energetic and strong young man only several months ago.A.depressed B.upset C.harmed D.grieved 50 I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms.It’s not like either of them to bear a _______.A.grudge B.hatred C.disgust D.curse 51 Participants in the Shanghai Cooperation Forum______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed 52 The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered 53 The trucks _____ heavy goods from factories to the ports.A.pull B.haul C.drag D.push 54 Cigarette smoking is a great health _____ and may lead to fatal diseases.A.opposition B.protagonist C.fault D.hazard 55 The manager stubbornly_____ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company.A.hindered B.adapted C.imposed D.permitted 56 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _____ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A.prophecies B.transactions C.argument D.hindrances 57 Some birds______ when they look for animals to kill on the ground.A.hosed B.rolled C.hovered D.revolved 58 The full _____ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.A.affect B.impact C.action D.importance 59 The degree of economic growth is an ______ of the level of living.A.index B.advantage C.access D.aspect 60 The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induce B.abduct C.indulge D.lure 61 Since the package was______, the damage was paid for.A.ensured B.insured C.assured D.promised 62 The point at ______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.A.argument B.controversy C.issue D.conflict 63 Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.A.inflections B.dialects C.accent D.jargon 64 As the cat lay asleep, dreaming her whiskers______.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 65 The manager______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A.beguiled B.besmirched C.juxtaposed D.juggled 66 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A.long B.forever C.lasting D.lively 67 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A.hidden B.sophisticated C.delicate D.profound 68 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _____ can be distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies C.platitudes D.analogies 69 Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the_____ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A.legacy B.bequest C.converse D.miracle 70 The farmer put up iron fences around the flower______ garden neighbor’s sheep should break in.A.on condition that B.now that C.lest D.but 71 _____ any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A.In order that B.Lest C.If D.Providing 72 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground______ with papers, bottles and cans.A.scrubbed B.used C.littered D.dispersed 73 I don’t understand why people_____ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.A.located B.provided C.protected D.littered 74 Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______ bins provided.A.junk B.litter C.scrap D.deposit 75 Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _____ pains with her lessons.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 76 What he told me was a _____ of downright lies.A.load B.mob C.pack D.flock 77 A _____ refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammoth B.penguin C.mosquito D.mammal 78 He expected the House to pass the bill by a comfortable______.A.maple B.marble C.marsh D.margin 79 The tiger continued to ______ us by walking round and round our tent.A.trap B.transplant C.menace D.provoke 80 A______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.A.value B.merit C.factor D.worth 81 Americans are highly_____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A.moving B.mobile C.movable D.motional 82 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees’ spontaneous gestures.A.change B.abort C.shorten D.enhance 83 The whole program is well designed, but some details need further _____by some experts.A.proofing B.modifying C.demonstrating D.polishing 84 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need_____, that is an eternal truth.A.modifying B.changing C.revising D.adjusting 85 The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff_____.A.moral B.mortal C.morale D.mores 86 Another popular misconception is the _____ that great talent is usually highly specifiC.A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy 87 On behalf of my company, I am______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A.subjected B.inclined C.available D.obliged 88 They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic_____ that account.A.on B.by C.for D.with 89 The Barbie doll comes with a whole range of_______ that you can dress her in.A.outlooks B.outlines C.outskirts D.outfits 90 Such an _____act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt B.episodic C.ample D.ultimate 91 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would______, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A.prevail B.preside C.perish D.persecute 92 There’s one girl at my school who everybody______ because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears;they are horrible to her.A.picks out B.picks over C.picks on D.picks off 93 Players will be_____ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.A.trifled B.wreathed C.instigated D.pitted 94 The criminal’s _____ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.A.protest B.demand C.plea D.defence 95 When the rent was due, the poor man______ for more time.A.pleaded B.squashed C.exerted D.cursed 96 The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been ____ for more pocket money all the time.A.supposing B.pleading C.trailing D.devising 97 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______ when she was ill and had no money.A.plight B.polarization C.plague D.pigment 98 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe______ Europe into a great war.A.pitched B.imposed C.inserted D.plunged 99 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe______ Europe into a bloody war.A.imposed B.plunged C.pitched D.inserted 100 It is not too late, but_____ action is needed.A.right B.urgent C.hurry D.prompt

答案（未必正确，请按自己查找对的理解）: 1-5CADAC.6-10CBDCA.11-15CAAAA.16-20ABCCC.21-25BAAAD.26-30CADCD.31-35AABBD.36-40CBBCD.41-45BCABC.46-50DBBDA.51-55DDBDA.56-60DCBAA.61-65BCDCD.66-70CABAC.71-75BCDBA.76-80ADDCB.81-85BABAC.86-90ADADA.91-95CCDCA.96-100BADBD