考博和考研的区别

第一篇：考博和考研的区别

众所周知，研究生考试一年一次，由教育部统筹规划，一般是每年过年前的一两周考。一共考4门课，政治，英语，数学，专业课。基本2天时间（一般是双休日）既可完成。考博科目一般来说较少，不超过4门。通常来讲可以分为秋博和春博。秋博的意思是，秋季入学的博士，一般是当年3－4月考试，9月入学（今年北航例外，第一年11月考试，第二年9月入学，本质上属于秋博）。春博一般是第一年10－11月考试，第二年3月入学。由于目前硕士普遍推行2年制，所以招收春博的单位越来越少（比如哈工大，东大），现在主要的院校都是招收秋博为主（比如北大，浙大），也有一年招两次的（同济，西工大？不是很确定）。总之应届硕士必须在入学前拿到硕士学位。各个学校考试具体时间也不太相同（但肯定是双休日），所以理论上，在院校时间不相同的前提下，你可以同时选择多个院校报考。一般考试跨度为两天，具体参见招生简章，部分院校为方便外地考生，将初试和复试时间安排在一块儿。

此外，考试地点也不尽相同。考研的话，如果你完全可以在自己户口所在地考外省外地区的院校。这时，你的初试组织工作由当地研招办负责。而考博则你必须去该校现场考试，只有少量院校允许你在特殊原因下在其他地方完成考试。

入学考试（初试）硕士研究生入学考试除专业课之外的三门公共课采用全国统一命题，命题单位是教育部考试中心。而专业课由各个招生单位的各个院系统一命题。比如计算机系统结构硕士点的专业课是统一的，而不是由导师决定。但有可能该硕士点给你提供几套专业课选择，比如是选择数据结构+C语言，还是计算机组成+汇编。这个由你自己根据实际情况做选择，不受导师影响。

博士考试一般由各个学校自主命题（医学博士可能有全国统考成分）。大致考试科目可以分为三类：英语，专业基础课，导师指定专业课。英语一般全校统一，比如同一学校考计算机的英语和考机械的英语是同一份试卷（当然英语系除外）。专业基础课一般类似考研的专业课，比如计算机软件与理论博士点可能会统一命题，该博士点下的导师都是用这套专业课来考你。同理，也会有几套专业课组合，但是有些博导会做限定，报考该博导的考生只能选择其中的某套或几套组合之一来做。这在报名的时候都会让你在报名表上注明考试科目。还有一类就是导师指定专业课，这种情况的话，每两个导师之间的考试科目除了英语之外，都不相同。比如A老师会让你考英语＋数据结构＋C语言组合，B老师会让你考英语＋算法＋#作系统组合。

招生数量:单纯从数量上来看，硕士招生数远多于博士招生数（扩招也是一个原因）。不论考研还是考博，招生总量都要由院校上报教育部，经批准后才能敲定。但是招生的最小单位还是有区别的。

考研来说，有些计算机系完全以一级学科为单位招生。也就是考计算机的都统一划线，不分什么系统结构硕士点，软件与理论硕士点，计算机应用硕士点。而有些院校正好相反，这样就有可能导致硕士点之间分数线不均的情况。

考博的话，以导师招生为最基本单位。这个博导今年招2个，除掉1个直博生，那对外招考的名额就是1个。有的导师可能多点，比如院士，有3－5个名额。在你初试都上线的前提下，如果有多人竞争则需要差额复试刷人。而且有的导师可能今年招生，明年不招生，所以报之前都要打听好了。

复试与联系导师:考研复试由各个院系，甚至各个硕士点自己组织。基本导师不插手，除非他是复试小组成员，但大部分导师都不是。英语口语面试，专业笔试，专业面试完之后，把各轮分数和初试成绩最后做一下计算之后得出的总分就决定你的去留了。

考博来说也有类似考研的情况，但有的学校博导就可以亲自面试报考他的学生，由他来决定他的考生的所有复试成绩。

至于联系导师差别就比较大了。考研考前联系导师基本没有多大用处（除非有非一般的关

系和后门）。一般导师要求你过线之后再联系他，有些学校为保证公平，要求学生在入学学习一年之后再进行学生和导师的双向选择，跟本科做毕设一样。

但考博来说基本都要求提前联系，甚至在招生简章出来之前就该联系。不光是为了表明你想读他的博士，也是为了了解该导师今年是否招生，招几个等关键信息。如果不提前打招呼就直接报考，即便最后上线也很有可能被刷。

录取准则:考研最终成绩包括：初试总分＋复试总分。各个学校会按照各自的计算公式最终得出总分，然后按照分数从高往低排序，择优录取。

考博相对就难说了，毕竟现在的博导自主权很大。前几年出了个甘德怀事件，只是冰山一角，真正未曝光的黑幕有多少呢？所以我觉得考生除了自己把握能把握的部分，比如初试部分。还要尽量考察报考学校和导师的公平透明程度。一般来说，越好的学校公平程度越高，比如CAS，ZJU这些。所以除了保送之外，自己考外校的考生很少有人选择考和本校同一档次的，甚至更差的学校。基本都是人往高处走，也是一部分出于公平的原因。

研究生收费已经喊了几年了，去年终于有了动静。15所比较好的学校，率先进行收费改革。取消了大部分院校仍在采用的公费＋自费原则。当然这15所学校各自的政策还是不太相同的。有的通过学业奖学金抵消学费的做法，不出现现金流。也就是只要学生按规定，不挂科，不违纪，基本可以不用自己掏钱，还有得助学金等机会。有的学校干脆自担学费，省去了一出一进（不过退学要补足学费的钱）。所以在报考的时候看清楚，自己要考的学校收费政策是如何。

英语学习方法论－－听力完全攻略

听力可以说是我们中国学生英语学习的最大障碍.我问过很多顺利通过六级考试的本科生,听力部分能真正听懂的实在是寥寥无几.很多人都是根据听懂的只言片语,再利用推理,排除一些的考试策略选择答案的.(国内有些听力教材还提出了只看答案就能选出正确答案的系统“理论”.)这样做考试是有可能通过的,但实际掌握,运用英语的能力就只有自己知道了。博士帝国の博硕资讯lDI)ww6H6q$r$R

在很长一段时间内,我所选的听力资料将会是VOA的Special级别的慢速英语.这主要是出于两个目的:一是打好基本功;二是从慢速英语入手是科学的方法,是实现标准英语听力突破的有效途径.先说第一点.关于听力基本功的认识问题我建议大家去买一本钟道隆编的〈〈逆向法巧学英语>>一书仔细看看,里面很多道理也说的很清楚了.我这里只想以我的亲身体验“斩钉截铁”的告诉大家:开始“真正”练习听力的时候(我这里所提到的“真正”不是指那些考试技巧,而是发自内心的想要掌握,运用,享受英语的源动力),千万不可操之过急,一开始就去听那些原版的标准速度的听力资料,一方面这样的方法极不科学;另一方面也会给自己刚刚培养起来的自信心带来巨大的重创.十有八九(也可以说是所有的人)都会很快放弃的.我自己当初也是这样,感觉简直是在听天书,十几分钟的录音下来能够把Topic听准确已经是很不错了,当中的细节部分根本没有时间反应就一闪而过了.这种过程简直就是一种“煎熬”.当然也有少数意志力惊人的朋友坚持了下来,但是由于方法的失策,造成自己把大量的时间精力(有时可以说是青春)投入其中,可是回报却难以和付出平衡,收效甚微.说到这儿叫我想起以前我们有一位上外的听力老师讲的真人真事:一位研究生深知自己听力不过关,决心发奋苦读.于是他每天早上都坚持听广播电台里的标准英语,这样一听就是五年的时间.这种苦行僧似的磨炼并没有使他的听力水平真正得以提高.后来我们这位老师在了解了他的情况以后,告诉他之所以到现在他的听力还未真正突破最主要的原因就是他的基础没有打好,总是泛泛而听,而且总是听些已经有中文背景知识的广播,就会造成一种错觉,好象什么都听懂了,又好象什么也没听懂.大意能够抓住(其实是有背景知识的原故),真正精确到每一句话,每一个单词却总是丢三落四的,不能准确的传情达意.这种

沙上建塔的“辛劳”永远也不会建成坚固的大厦,而总是在进行建了倒下,倒下了再建的重复劳动.再说第二点.从慢速英语入手是真正科学的听力突破方法.而且在我自己的实践过程中摸索出一些听力带动口语,锻炼口译的好方法.下面我想结合我给大家提供的听力资料具体谈一谈练习的方法: 1.我给大家准备了几盘慢速英语的最新新闻听力资料,给出了部分的原文，三盘磁带分为三个层次：短语阶段听写、短语与简单句子阶段、句子阶段听写。目的就是希望大家能够循序渐进攻克英语听力。但是我更希望大家不要依赖原文,自己一定要一个单词一个单词的完全听懂.有的同学说我有那么几个单词实在听不懂怎么办?大家想一想,慢速英语的单词量是1500到2000,也就是说一个比较好的高中生的单词量已经超过了许多,更何况上大学的你.听不懂的唯一原因绝对不是生词的问题,只能是你对这个单词的发音极其陌生,大脑根本没有反映.如果让你看一看原文,你会不屑一顾的.但在听的时候却不知所云.起初我练习的时候有时为了一个单词可以想上正正一天,嘴里老是念道着这个单词的发音.我知道这个单词我一定认识,直到某一刻恍然大悟:咳!不就是这么简单的一个单词嘛!这时我总是猛拍自己的脑袋骂道“真是愚蠢”.:-)当然如果有些同学说这段录音我已经听了十遍了,当中的几个单词你就是打死我我也听不出来.如果真的到了这个地步,你可以问老师、问同学，都可以解决的。

2.接下来要做的就是要保证这一段录音你是完完全全的听懂了.什么是完完全全的听懂了呢?就是每听完一句话,你都能准确的复述出来,包括每一个单词.这里在语音上不是很好的朋友要注意了,由于是慢速英语,所以只要你有正常的听力能力再加上一定的毅力,就完全可以把自己的发音模仿的和VOA的播音员没什么两样,正如李阳老师所指出的:发音是一个人的英语门面.的确是这样的!如果你按照这样的方法用心练习,不出一两个月,你的发音就会有长足的进步.其实我们大多数中国人的模仿发音天赋都是很好的,随便叫出一名大学生,他的发音就要比我所见到的意大利人,日本人,菲律宾人...的发音不知要好多少倍.其实我们中国学生在口语和听力上缺陷主要有两个原因:一是缺乏练习.这也是传统教学方法的遗憾.包括我自己,也是这种只注重书面的“分析英语”的受害者.二是缺乏勇气.老是害怕自己会说错,害怕丢脸.除非你是在国外长大,英语就是母语,你可以“自豪”的说:我就是说错了那也是对的,因为英语是我的母语.而我们把英语作为第二语言的学习是不可能不犯错误的,多犯错误是为了少犯错误.每当我缺乏勇气的时候,我就会用“I enjoy losing face!”这句话来激励自己.噢!还是说听力吧.这样一句一句直到把每一句话完全“吃掉”,已经基本上可以保证你已听懂了这段文章.要达到什么样的标准呢?我对自己的要求是在落后一两个单词的同步复述.很多同学到这里就到此为止了.我却以为这样太可惜了.如果说上面这一点是练习了语音的话,下面的两个重要工作才是我们利用听力材料练习口语和口译的重要.3.现在大家已经把这段录音的意思完全搞懂了,而且能够惟妙惟肖的基本同步复述了.请大家注意,直到现在你的大脑还没有动起来,也就是说这些完全是些机械的模仿,刻板的复述.这种机械的重复对于我们的口语和开口能力是不会有“事半功倍”的效果的.要想提高自己的口语水平,在这里就一定要学会用自己的话,请注意是用自己的话,而不是照本宣章,把所听到录音的大意死活说出来.做这一步是在听完整段录音之后.此时所说的英语才是你真正的英语口语水平.在练习中尽量使用刚刚听到的一些关键动词和词组.在说的时候,想象自己正在对一个没有听过录音的同学讲述故事的情节.我相信很多同学在刚刚开始练习的时候会“憋的”说不出几句象样的话,或是在大意和情节上丢三落四的.出现这种情况太正常了.这样就反映了我们刚刚所做的同步复述只是一个辨音过程.现在所做的自我总结才真正开动了我们的大脑,提高了真正的口语水平.4.好了!到了这一步你已经很不错了,不仅能够把这段录音完全听懂,同步复述,而且还可以用自己的英语对你的朋友娓娓道来.是不是感觉很有成就感啊!但是我还得继续更深层次的练

习.对了,就是口译能力,我们中国学生特有的中英文自由转换能力.还是刚刚那段录音,这回是放一句英语,你就立刻把这句话翻译成地道的中文,翻译成我们平时所讲的中国话.你可别小看这一步,自己试着去翻翻看,就会马上懂得:我们能够同步的用英语复述了并不代表我们就可以同步的翻译成地道的中文.我对自己的要求也是在落后一句的速度下进行同步翻译,由于是慢速英语,所以只要耐心的多练习几遍就一定能够达到同步听译的水平.至此,我们不仅已经对这段录音了如指掌,而且还利用它进行了有针对性的口语和口译训练.很多同学老是抱怨没有语言环境,我觉得语言环境多数情况下还得靠自己创造.请大家再次注意,上面我所介绍的听力方法都是针对慢速英语的,大家不要操之过急,一步一个脚印,把十盘慢速英语的磁带按照这样三步认真的做下来,你的听力就已经打好了坚实的基础,这时你再把曾经认为是天书的那些听力材料翻出来试一下,怎么样?那种感觉现在的你一定不会相信的.我当时是高兴的连蹦带跳仰天长“笑”!只有这个时候才能感受到“不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹”的真正含义.当然你也可以把这种方法推广到你现在所应试的听力教材中去,我自己现在特喜欢用这种方法拿托福的听力对话开刀,练过一段时间后就开始“喜欢”上托福的听力考博士专业课真题了,虽然自己从没有参加过正式的考试,但是做做那些市面上的全真博士专业课真题感觉就好象在玩文字游戏,很多题目觉得答案上写的都是废话,这是把对话完全听懂的必然结果.

第二篇：最新考博考研英文自我介绍-精品

考博考研英文自我介绍

1.自我介绍(self-introduce)

Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is ***, 24.I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.2.考研原因(reasons for my choice)

There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion, as one of the most famous ******in our country, it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in ******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite ******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my *****job during the past two years.However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.3.研究生期间你的计划(plans in the postgraduate study)

First, I hope I can form systematic view of *****.As for ******, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as **************.If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.4.介绍你的家乡(about hometown)

I am from , a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years.It is called “Rong Cheng ” because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics, economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here, for instance, Yanfu, Xie Bingxin, Lin Zexu and so on..You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.The top three artware are Shoushan Stone, cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware.In addition, it is famous for the hot springs.Theyare known for high-quality.Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.5.你的家庭(about family)

There are four members in my family;my parents, my cute cat of 9 years old and me.My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station.He often goes out on business.So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom.Climbing at weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness.They can strengthen our relation, too.During my prepareing for coming here,my parents’love and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them.6.你的大学(about university)

**********University is the oldest one in the province.It was founded in *******and covers an area of over******* mu.The building area is ************square meters.It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations, especially after the reform and opening up.It takes the lead among the *********universities with nice teaching and scientific research ability.The library has a storage of *******books..various research institutes are set up including 52 research centers.There are teaching research experimental bases.For example, the computer center, analyzing-test center, modern education technical center and so on.pesonel statement(introduction)

good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old.i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.my hometown——--luoyang

I am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the “capital of nine dynasties ” and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous.every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much

(英语版的，别错过呀)研究生计划，你如何打算？献给正准备复试的人

If luckily i got the chance to learn environment engineering in tongji university, i will concentrate on the study and reserch in this field.first i will hard to learn the theoritical knowledge,constucting a solid base for my future work;second i would like to do some practical work with the help of the supervisor ang classmate.and through this ,i can get something that cannot be acquired from the textooks.i believe after 2 years of learning ,my dream will finally come true.Self-introduction:

Good morning, everyone！I am glad to be here for this interview.First, let me introduce myself to you.My name is Qin Jiayin.I was born on April 23, 1981.I am a local person.I am graduating from Jilin Normal University(应该是这样译)this June.I major in Chinese literature.I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Jilin University which I have desired for a long time.I have the confidence because I have such ability！I am a girl who is fervent, outgoing and creative.At the same time, I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything.I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life.I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest.Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity！

Reasons for taking postgraduate exams:

First of all, I love my major.Chinese literature is the symbol of the start of Chinese literary modernization.It plays an important part in modernization of our citizens’ thoughts.What’s more, modern literature is very close to our daily life and it can deeply reflect the styles and features of our society.I am fascinated by the great masters’ refreshing or warm or profound styles as well.But I am not easily satisfied with such superficial knowledge.I hope I could have a better understanding in modern literature by studying further.This is a very important reason for me to take the postgraduate exams.Next, I love the feeling in the university.It is full of youthful spirit.And I am deeply attracted by the scholarly atmosphere.And the most important, it’s my great honor to open my ears to your teaching.Finally, I want to talk about a very practical problem.That is my dream of becoming a teacher in the university.I want to realize my dream and make myself to be a well-qualified person.I think the postgraduate studies can enrich my knowledge and make me competent in my future job.That’s my simple and clear reasons why I took the postgraduate exams.`

My university: I’m graduating form Jilin Normal University this June which has a history of 50 years.It shares many same characteristics with Jilin University.Both of them have a refreshing and scholarly atmosphere.Four years’ studying there made me an independent, optimistic and strict girl.I appreciate the education my university gave me.Thank you for your time！

Good afternoon, teachers.I am very glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is abc, 25 years old.I come from Weifang, a beautiful city of Shandong Province.I graduated from Commercial College in July, 2001 and major in finance.Then, I was a teacher in abc, When I was a senior school student, I am interested in thought and began to read a certain classic work of Marxism, especially I finished reading “the florilegium of Mao ZeDong”.From then on, I have dabbled in more and more theoretical works and accumulated great interests in theory study, especially in Marxism.I have a dream, a dream of my study.I wish devote my whole life and energy into the development of the Marxism.If I have the opportunity to study in abc University, I’ll dabble in as much as document about the specialty as possible.If it is possible, I want to get the primary accomplishment in my major, at least, a stable basis.Personally, for today’s China, the first task to the development of Marxism is a process of construction.That’s to say, we should understand Marxism mostly from the aspect of construction and development of social society.Only when our socialistic country has a more rapid and balance development than the capitalistic, we can enhance the attractiveness and persuasion of Marxism eventually.我的自我介绍（我是在职的,希望对大家有点帮助）：

The next year, I was transferred into the Principal Customer Department, responsible for the Developing and strengthening a good relationship between the principal customers and my company.Two major customers, Henan Provincipal Department of Transportation and Henan Provincial Department of Personnel, are under my work.However,with time going on ,the more I experienced, the clearer I realized that I'm really interested in the Enterprise Management.I find many enterprises have the problem of an unmatched management to its developing speed.I'm eager to learn more about management and I hope I can study further in this University.So I resigned in August , 2003 and started the way to pursuing my studies.After about half year's hard work, I'm finally standing before you honorable professors now.I'm really excited.Though I've sacrificed much on my way to pusuing studies, I believe it's worthwhile.I believe working hard will finally be repaied.Thank you！

第三篇：万能考研、考博英语作文(原创)

万能作文模板

一、正反观点模板

As is known to all----is one of the key words of our time．It has already become the focus of million upon million of people’s attention and reserch.It has also become the media spotlight.Recently I have read a newspaper article dealing with-----.However,There is much controversy over this question.Opinions vary from one person to another.Some people take a positive attitude towards this topic ,They are of---.in the first place---,in the second place---,last but not least-----On the contrary,Other people take a negative attitude towards to this opinion.They argue that---.Fiastly----,secondly----,lastly----.On the basis of the above analysis.It can be concluds that it is a double-sword.It has advantages as well as disadvantages.its drawbacks should not be neglected.What really content is to select the essence and discard the dross.二、社会存在问题模板

Nowadays,with the great improvement of the people’s living standards, an ever increasing number of people are show their concern over the issue of---in china.It has already become the focus of million upon million of people’s attention and reserch.It has also become the media spotlight.It really affects people s life seriously.Why is---more and more serious in china? As far as i am concerned.There are many reasons what can account for this phenomenon.but the main three are as follows.The first place---.The second place---,last but not least---.As has been mentioned above,---has a great impact on the word today.In my opinion,a conclusion can be drawn that some effective steps should be taken in no time.For example,The governments at all levels should lay down laws and regulation to ensure-----;in addition, all of us should form the consciousness of---.we only hope that some day there can be a solution to this problem.三、万能开头

Nowadays,---has become a hot topic.Articles realative to this topic have sprung up like brushrooms.We can ealily read such articles in nespaper magazines and on the internet.As i am a---worker.I am especpially concern with this topic.A few years ago my research paper entitled the importance and necessary of----was published in a influential journal the summery of that paper is as follows.

第四篇：考研英语一二区别

英语二与英语一有什么区别？

2010年考研多了一套全国联考的英语试卷—“英语二”，它和英语一有什么区别？

答：英语

（二）是一套新出现的考研英语试卷，它和以前的考研英语试卷（现在改称英语

（一））一样，由教育部考试中心组织命题，并在考研统考中使用。英语

（二）所考查的题型和英语

（一）高度近似。

首先是称之为“英语知识运用”的部分，其实就是我们所熟悉的完形填空，共20题，10分。

第二部分是阅读理解，分成两种题型，第一种是我们常见的一篇文章，后面五道选择题，共四篇文章，20题，总分40分；另一种对应英语

（一）中的“新题型”部分，有10分，大纲给出了三种题型，最简单的一种是看完一篇文章后判断后面五个题的正误，难度居中的是看完一篇文章后，有五个不完整的句子，后面有七个词组，从这七个中选五个去补全前面的五个句子。这种题型像英语

（一）中“七选五”的简化版。最难的要数标题搭配了：一篇文章，有五个段落标出来，另外给出七个标题，让你找出五个和段落相匹配的。试卷的第三部分是翻译，有15分，和英语

（一）不一样的是，它是全文翻译，不是就给你划五个难句。最后一块就是写作了，这个也和英语

（一）一样，分大作文和小作文。小作文考书信或摘要，大作文考图表或图画。

①学术型研究生一定是考英语一，部分专业学位研究生是考英语二，因此要看招生简章确定

②英语一和英语二对词汇量的要求一样，但英语二在词汇的要求上略低

③英语一是翻译五个难句，而英语二翻译部分是全文翻译，但相对而言，英语二的翻译更浅

④英语一和英语二小作文要求一样，而英语二大作文更容易一些。

总体上看，英语二比英语一简单，但是题量和英语一是一样的，因此要养成在规定时间内，做完规定题目的习惯，加快做题速度，特别是翻译和大小作文的速度。

第五篇：考博英语词汇

考博英语词汇（1）

第一部分 词汇记忆策略 1．全脑活化

人类左右脑分析比较：

左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑

右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、直觉

右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能： 1． 超高速大量记忆机制 2． 图像化机能 3． 超高速演算机能 4． 共振共鸣机能 2．举例说明：

***0***2131425 3．词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配

 euthanasia, chrysanthemum  flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …

 receive---deceive---conceive(-ceive= take;con-= 共同) tumble---stumble（tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over / on 脚下拌到东西而跌倒）

 stationary---stationery（文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有“e”, 故见到“e”就想起是文具。）

 genius---genuine(含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”),  form---deform确（形状；变形） attach to

第二部分 实例练习1．联想法

carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour，abalone, flounder, cult, beau 2．串联法 network: Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on… 3．构词法

-age（状态、特性、行为）

page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage（bond 结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage（garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage, usage, storage, savage, sausage(sauce), dosage language, image, heritage, engage-ward inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award，a-(构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, across alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amount affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow 4．近义词

Merchants 煤商

Dealers 买进卖出商人 Businessmen（广义）商人 Tradesmen（英）店主

Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出

Scenery一国一地的自然风光

Views特别的景象

Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent 紧急

Hasty 草率

Instant 立刻

Prompt 快速；及时

Contend 竞争；斗争 Compete比赛；竞争 Struggle斗争

Conflict 斗争

Hinder Preclude Detain Retard Hamper Protract Postpone Cancel Delay Adjourn

Blame for Condemn for Accuse of Criticize for Announce Publish Advertise Inform

Substitute Selection Preference Alternative

Fraud Deceive Cheat Dupe

Decline Deny Reject Refuse

Reliable Confident Faithful Dependent

Income Wages Salary Pay Buyers Shoppers Customers Clients Particular Peculiar Special Unusual

Preliminary Primary Elementary Fundamental

Perplex Puzzle Confuse

Fatigued Tired Exhausted Bored

Thieves Burglars Robbers Bandits

Synthetic False Imitation Counterfeit Artificial

Mortal Fatal Deadly

Imaginative Imaginable Imagined Imaginary

Reproach Scold Compliment Reprimand

Empty Blank Vacant Bare ．近形词 fiction fraction friction function

tumble stumble scramble humble tremble resume consume assume presume

resumption consumption assumption presumption bore core pore sore

simplify modify verify rectify

justify testify rectify verify

transcription subscription prescription description

attribute contribute distribute tribute

attitude altitude aptitude

descriptive prescriptive

interference interruption intervention interaction

transaction transmission transformation transition

contact intact

possibility validity reliability security

conceivable perceivable arise rise raise arouse

respectful respectable respected respective

detain attain retain certain contain

room doom boom loom

intense intentional intensive intending intended

assure ensure insure reassure

sometimes some time sometime some times

hatch catch patch match bare rare care dare fare hare

banish vanish diminish admonish

durability flexibility versatility 5 hostility fold include

gold cooperate hold form coordinate mold deform correlate sold inform correspond told transform

conform observe migrant

reserve immigrant contempt conserve immigrate attempt preserve immigration prompt deserve emigrant

emigrate except prior emigration accept superior concept inferior edge percept senior hedge

junior wedge receive

pledge deceive sparrow

conceive swallow deduce perceive hollow reduce

sorrow produce achieve narrow induce believe pillow seduce grieve

relieve bold preclude

cold exclude 自测题：

1.不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：1．____________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________ 4._____________________ 5.__________________ 6._________________ 7._____________________ 8.__________________ 9._________________ 10.____________________ 11._________________ 12.________________ 2.列出以下单词的近义词： 1.income 2.mortal 3.urgent 4.synthetic 5.deceive 6.retard 7.empty 8.confuse

9.buyer 10.contend

3.列出以下单词的近形词：

1.tumble 2.description 3.justify 4.attain 5.attribute 6.prior

汉英对照近义词

Merchants

煤商 Dealers

买进卖出商人 Businessmen（广义）商人 Tradesmen

（英）店主

Scene

特别的景象，如泰山的日出 Scenery 一国一地的自然风光 Views 特别的景象 Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent 紧急 Hasty

草率 Instant 立刻 Prompt 快速；及时

Contend 搏斗；争夺(compete against sb.in order to gain sth.)

Compete 比赛；竞争(try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb.for sth./ compete for office（争夺公职）/ against Struggle 斗争(try hard to achieve sth.)struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom Conflict

斗争（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）;The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb.to do sth.Or for sth.to develop High invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude:(formal)prevent sth.or make sth.impossible Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard:(formal)to delay the development of sth.or to make sth.happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟）

Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car（失修的公路阻滞了车速。）

Hamper: restrict sb.movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.Hamper sb.from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp.longer than usual Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判

Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期 Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for

把……归于 Condemn for 谴责 Accuse sb.of sth.指责 Criticize for

批判

Announce

宣布；通知 Publish

发表；出版 Advertise

为……做广告 Inform

告知(inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth.new or different that you use instead of sth.else that you used previously.替代品；替补

Substitute teacher 代课教师

Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth.you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth.that you can choose to do or use instead of sth.else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb.believe sth.that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp.in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb.哄骗；诈骗

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth.（比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）

Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy(NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划 Refuse: 拒绝邀请

Turn down 拒绝（口语）

Reliable 可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）Confident 有信心的 Faithful 忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter

Dependent 从属的；依靠的Income 总收入 Wages 按周或日付酬 Salary 月薪；年薪 Pay 工资

Buyers 买主

Shoppers 家庭中外出购物的人 Customers 顾客 Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp.in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiar Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important.a special diet unusual: different from what is usual special---specially or especially specially: used when you do sth.that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose(with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth.is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things,(…, especially when…)Preliminary 初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备 Elementary 初步的；简单的 Fundamental 基础的

Perplex（常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解

Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g.I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb.or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.e.g.What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse（常用被动）

Make sb.feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g.Don't give me so much information.---you are confusing me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e.g.fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth.is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.e.g.Children easily get bored.Thieves 小偷；窃贼 Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼 Robbers 强盗；贼

Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）

Synthetic 合成的 False 假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒)Counterfeit 比Imitation 更贬义

Artificial 人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g.mortal injures / blow / combat Fatal: resulting in sb's death e.g.fatal accident / illness / injures Deadly : like dead in appearance e.g.His face has a deadly paleness

likely to cause death e.g.deadly person lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g.a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way;good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind

e.g.imaginative writer;imaginative child Imaginable: emphasize that sth.is the best, worst example of sth.that it is possible to imagine All, every, only Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth.could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g.all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: ~sb.for /with sth.~ for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry e.g.Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp.a child, about sth.that have done.Compliment: ~ sb.on sth.Say sth.nice to sb.in order to praise him Reprimand: ~ sb.for sth.tell sb.officially that sth.they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb.severely, about sth.they have done wrong.[ ~ sb.for V-ing] Chide:(literary)to speak angrily to sb.because you do not approve of sth.they have done.Compliment Complement : show up the good qualities in sb.or sth.or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside;not having people inside;not being used e.g.an empty table in the corner [ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home] Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound;showing no understanding;e.g.go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.for TV;stop showing any images Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb.to use Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb.to start with Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration;not covered by clothes, by trees or grass Deceived 欺骗 Deserted 遗弃 Desperated 绝望 Disappointed 失望

近形词

fiction 小说 fraction 一部分 friction 摩擦

function 功能；职责

tumble 跌倒 stumble 拌倒

scramble 攀登；争夺 humble 谦虚；羞辱 tremble 颤抖；担心

resume 中断后重新开始 consume 消耗

assume 假定；假设；采用(think that sth.is true although you have no proof of it.E.g.~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp.an important one)

presume 推测；冒昧(think you can be sure of sth.because it is likely, although there is no proof.E.g.~ sb./ sth.to be sth./ be ~ed to do sth./ ~ to do sth.resumption 恢复 consumption 消费 assumption 假定；臆断；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power)(His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption 傲慢；推测；假定(disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore

V.钻孔

n.孔 core

v.使厌烦 n.令人讨厌的事 pore

v.注视 n.毛孔

a.多孔的 sore

a.疼痛的n.痛处；溃疡

simplify 简化 modify 更改

对某物作稍微修改使其完善 verify 证实

rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况

justify 证明……是有道理的 testify 证明

rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况 verify 证实 transcription: 抄写；翻译；副本 subscription：

捐赠；订阅；认购； prescription 药方；指令 description： 描述；描绘

attribute

把……归因于（to）contribute 捐赠；投稿

contribute… to 有助于 distribute 分发；分配 tribute

贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词

attitude 态度 altitude 高度 aptitude 天资；倾向 latitude 纬度 multitude 人群（a multitude of …许多）

descriptive 说明的 prescriptive 规范的；约定俗成的

interference 干预（强调妨碍）interruption 打断 intervention 介于；在中间起作用 interaction 相互作用

transaction 办理；交易；学报；相反作用 transmission 传送；传播；发送 transformation 转换；改革 transition 变迁；过渡时期

contact 接触；交往；有影响的熟人（tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact

完整无缺的

possibility 可能性 validity 有效性；正确性 reliability 可靠性 security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined.E.g.every conceivable means perceivable 可感知的；可认识的

arise: begin to happen(problem, difficulty)e.g.arise from= caused by rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful raise: e.g.raise a question;waise your voice arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth.;make sb.angry, afraid;wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government raise / increase the price.E.g.The government is raising the tax.Respectful 尊重别人的；有礼貌的 Respectable 值得人们尊重的；正派的 Respected 受到人们尊重的 Respective 各自的；各个的

detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）

Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth.after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb.or continue to have sth.e.g.retain a sense of dignity Certain: 一定 Contain: 容纳

Room

房间 Doom 厄运；毁灭；定罪 Boom 高潮，迅速发展 Loom 织布机

Intense 强烈的

Intentional 有意的；故意的 Intensive 精细的；强化的 Intending 打算；意欲 intended

assure : tell sb.that sth.with definitely happen.e.g.~sb.that …

be ~ed of: feel certain that sth.will happen ensure: make sure that it does happen(AmE.Insure)e.g.Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building.Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety.E.g.The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth.bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb.that there is nothing to worry about.e.g.The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.sometimes 有时 some time 一些时间 sometime 曾经；有朝一日 some times 几次

hatch 孵化 catch 捉 patch 缝补 match 匹配

bare 赤裸裸的；没有陈设的（揭露）rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的 care 小心；关心 dare 敢于 fare 车船费；乘客；伙食 hare 野兔

banish 禁止出入；驱逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）vanish 突然不见； 逐渐消失 diminish 减少；贬低

admonish 警告；告诫；忠告

durability 耐用性 flexibility 变通性；灵活性 versatility 多才多艺；多功能 hostility 敌意；敌视

co-col-com-con-cor-with(共同)cooperate 合作 coordinate 协调 correlate 相关 correspond 相符合

collaborate 协作（与cooperate 同，但多用于科学和艺术）

observe 观察

reserve 保留座位 conserve 保护；节省 preserve 保留 deserve 值得

prior 首先的 superior 优先的

inferior 次要的 senior 高级的 junior 初级的 exterior 外部的 interior 内部的

sparrow 麻雀 swallow 燕子 hollow 空的 sorrow 悲伤 narrow 窄的 pillow 枕头 arrow 箭

bold 勇敢的 cold 冷的 fold 折叠；褶 gold 金 hold 握 mold 模式 sold 卖出 told 告诉

migrant

移居者 immigrant 入境移民 immigrate 作为移民定居 immigration 移居；（总称）外来移民emigrant

出境移民 emigrate

移居外国 emigration 迁移出境；（总称）移民edge 边沿

hedge 矮树篱笆；障碍物

wedge

锲子；锲形物；事情的起因 pledge 誓言；典押；保人

deduce 推断；演绎 reduce 减少 produce 生产

induce 引诱；引起；导致；归纳 seduce 唆使；引入歧途

preclude 排除；杜绝；阻止 exclude 除外

include 包括

form 形式 deform 变形 inform 通知 transform 转变 conform 一致

contempt 轻视 attempt 企图 prompt 促使；推动；激起

敏捷的

except 除…… accept 接受 concept 概念 percept 感知；认知

receive 收到 deceive 欺骗 conceive 含有 perceive 知觉；意识到；把……看作……

(perceive … as … / take … as … / regard … as … / see … as …)achieve 获得 believe 相信

grieve 悲痛 relieve 放松

lilac n.浅紫色

antique violet n.古紫色 pansy n.紫罗兰色 white n.白色

off-white n.灰白色 ivory n.象牙色

snowy white n.雪白色 oyster white n.乳白色 gray n.灰色

charcoal gray n.炭灰色 smoky gray n.烟灰色 misty gray n.雾灰色