第一篇：剑桥4-8听力题目
教育无域，环球共享
环球雅思
环球雅思创于 1997 年，2001 年成立北京市海淀区环球雅思培训学校，作为国内 规模最大并首家在美国上市的连锁外语培训机构之一，环球雅思学校被评为全国十大 知名学校，荣膺搜狐网“年度十大教育品牌集团”，中国企业 21“未来之星 ”教育机构等 无数品牌荣誉。为中国民办教育创新做出巨大贡献，2005 年 9 月受到教育部部长和陈 香梅科教文奖的表彰。
环球雅思各项课程以权威、实效、精炼著称，总部设在 北京，并在各地建立了 上海、广州、深圳、重庆、成都、西安、天津、杭州、扬州、无锡、苏州、长沙、哈 尔滨、青岛、郑州、大连、武汉、南京、太原、沈阳、福州、合肥、海口、贵阳、石 家庄、兰州、台州、聊城、银川、海外澳洲、台湾等 351 个分校，每年培训 60 多万 学员人次，每年开设雅思、托福、外教口语数万个班级，创立全国第一连锁教学品牌，经数据比较环球雅思学员占考生比例高达 78%之多。迄今，环球雅思，已经成为江苏 省内雅思培训的领导品牌以及学生和家长公认的雅思高分基地。自成立至今，环球雅 思学校一直秉承“以人为本、专业一流”的办学理念，不断强化教学管理，时刻注重教 学品质，凭借一流的教学品质以及良好的口碑吸引了数万名来自不同年龄段及教育背 景的学员慕名前来就读 年间环球雅思开发了影响中国雅思教学培训十代课程体系，开创雅思各项满分第一 名最多记录，1997 年 11 月环球学员获得全国第一个听力满分；2006 年 7 月 13 岁的 钟琬婷考取三个 9 分全国第一成绩，12 月彭智更创双 9 双 8 分新冠军奇迹，成为“环 球雅思学习使者”。约 3000 余名学员获得 8 分以上成绩，环球雅思高分奖学金颁发超 过 80 万元。在全国雅思考场中 80%高分学员出自各地环球学校。课程逐年更新升级，首创雅思 7 分班，剑桥真题解密班，VIP 一对一雅思·托福私人课程更独领风骚。环球雅思不断优化学员学习和考试服务，提供完整个性化培训、考试设计、免费入学 前测试、代报考、私人补课等，帮你在数百种课程间选择最实效、经济、保险的课程，提供雅思、托福、BEC、四六级、BETS考试的代报名和查分复议服务。
校长寄语：
数百位足迹遍布剑桥、牛津、悉尼等名牌大学的高分学员是每个环球人的骄傲，帮助更多的学子实现出国梦是每个环球人不懈的追求，祝愿更多的优秀学子的留学梦 想从环球雅思启航！
孙中晶
陈士旺 总策划：陈 洁 王 茜
编委：苏州环球雅思学校教学教研中心 SZGTRC(按姓氏笔画排列)方一君 尤敦朴 马威虎 张建伟 施 臣 汤颖妍 胡淑渝
陈 静 单相平喻 夏
朱丁琦 沈 初 顾婕鹭 Jeff
Mack
李 帆 吴陈洁 袁 凯
李 辰 汤 姣 钱乔然
刘 莉 杜君璞 袁学立
张娟花 林 璐 谈 郯
黄玫玫 程晓燕
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教育无域，环球共享
第二篇：剑桥雅思英语听力_英语听力剑桥雅思听力材料1
美联英语提供：剑桥雅思英语听力_英语听力剑桥雅思听力材料1
关于关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里
http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 看看剑桥雅思英语听力都有什么可以给我们看的。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的剑桥雅思英语听力的相关知识，供大家参阅!
剑桥雅思英语听力篇1
Hi, Joanna, good to meet you.你好，Joanna，很高兴见到你。
Now, before we discuss your new research project，在我们讨论你的新研究项目之前，I'd like to hear something about the psychology study you did last year for your Master'sdegree.我想听一听你去年读硕士的时候做过的心理学研究。
So how did you choose your subjects for that?
你当时是怎么选择的研究对象?
Well, I had six subjects, all professional musicians, and all female.我有六个研究对象，全都是专业的音乐家，而且都是女性。
Three were violinists and there was also a cello player and a pianist and a flute player.其中三位是小提琴家，还有一位大提琴演奏家，一位钢琴家和一位长笛演奏家。
They were all very highly regarded in the music world and they'd done quite
extensive tours indifferent continents，她们在音乐界声望都很高，而且在不同大洲还做过大量的巡回演出，and quite a few had won prizes and competitions as well.她们中不少还赢过一些奖项和比赛。
And they were quite young, weren't they?
而且她们还都相当年轻，对吧?
Yes, between 25 and 29 — the mean was 27.8.是的，都在25-29岁之间，平均年龄是27.8。
I wasn't specifically looking for artists who'd produced recordings
我本来并没有一定要找出过专辑的艺术家，but this is something that's just taken for granted these days and they all had.但是最近这件事直接被当成理所当然的了，而且她们全都出过专辑。
Right.Now you collected your data through telephone interviews, didn't you?
好吧，你是通过电话采访收集的资料，对吗?
Yes.I realised if I was going to interview leading musicians it'd only be possible over the phonebecause they're so busy.是的，我知道如果要采访这些重要的音乐家的话，就只能通过电话才有可能了，因为她们都特别忙。
I recorded them using a telephone recording adaptor.我用一个电话录音转接器把跟她们的谈话内容录了下来。
I'd been worried about the quality, but it worked out all right.我之前一直担心录音的音质，不过结果发现还不错。
I managed at least a 30-minute interview with each subject, sometimes longer.我设法和每位研究对象进行了一段至少30分钟的采访，有的时间更长。
Did doing it on the phone make it more stressful?
通过电话采访有没有让你觉得压力更大?
I'd thought it might...it was all quite informal though and in fact they seemed very keen totalk.我本来以为会这样没错......但是这些采访都没有那么正式，而且她们事实上似乎都很愿意谈话。
And I don't think using the phone meant I got less rich data rather the opposite in fact.我觉得用电话采访并不意味着我收集到的资料就没有那么多，实际上正好相反。
Interesting.And you were looking at how performers dress for concert performances?
有意思。你还研究了演奏家在音乐会上演出时的穿着?
That's right.My research investigated the way players see their role as a musician
没错，我研究调查了演奏者将她们自己定位成音乐家的方式，and how this is linked to the type of clothing they decide to wear.以及这和她们决定穿哪种服装有什么联系。
But that focus didn't emerge immediately.但我并不是马上就想到了这一点。
When I started I was more interested in trying to investigate the impact of what
was worn onthose listening，在研究最开始的时候，我对试着调查听众对她们穿的衣服的效果更加感兴趣，and also whether someone like a violinist might adopt a different style of clothing from saysomeone playing the flute or the trumpet.以及比如一位小提琴家是否会穿得跟长笛或者喇叭演奏者不同。
It's interesting that the choice of dress is up to the individual, isn't it?
每个人都有权选择他们的服装这件事还蛮有意思的，对吧?
Yes, you'd expect there to be rules about it in orchestras, but that's quite rare.是的，我们原本以为管弦乐队对服装会有规定，但是这一现象非常少。
第三篇：剑桥商务英语BEC高级听力口试心得
剑桥商务英语BEC高级考试辅导(听力口语)
听力部分
考试总时间：40分钟（包括10分钟填写答题卡时间）
第一项：单词填空
实用技巧：
1． 力争在第一遍就完成80％以上的缺口，在第二遍时完成并校对所有缺口。
2． 缺口顺序完全按照行文顺序。
3． 在听力开始之前仔细阅读第一项文字部分，尤其是缺口部分前的字句，理解其意思，因为不要指望说话人会在提及缺口内容之前说出与缺口部分前的字句完全一致的字句。说话人往往说出与缺口部分前字句意思相同的其他表达，包括使用近义词，近义句等。
4． 缺口部分包括：单个名词或形容词（通常词形比较复杂）；两个名词构成的结构；一个形容词和一个名词构成的结构；动词加名词的结构；数词
5． 缺口是名词（或名词结构）的标志是：缺口前有介词的出现。
6． 缺口是形容词的标志是：缺口后有名词的出现。
7． 缺口是动词（或动词结构）的标志是：缺口后有介词的出现。
8． 缺口是数词（或数词结构）的标志是：缺口前后有number、percentage等提示词的出现。
9． 当缺口处单词（或结构）过长时，可以在第一遍时进行速记，第二遍时完成。
10． 当确实掌握了缺口处单词的中文意思但又想不出英文时可以用同义词代替。
第二项：多项匹配（令万千考生泪洒考场，痛不欲生！）
实用技巧：
1． 掌握每一选项的中文意思，想象在每一选项表达或描述的情况下说话人可能使用的字句。
2． 若听到文中内容与某选项完全一致，一般大胆排除该选项。
3． 正确选项中的表述与文中某部分内容存在同义关系。（某部分内容或者只是一个单词或词组；或者是一个句子）
4． 注意说话人语气。（该方法尤其适用于判断说话人的态度）
5． 考生在平时要多了解各种商业场合的语言运用。
第三项：多项选择
实用技巧：
1．所有问题均按照行文的先后顺序进行提问。
2．对于每一个问题，说话人都有明确的提示性的阐述，所以解题的关键是发现和听懂这些提示。
3．提示性词语的使用。一般说话人所使用的提示词有：but；but I think；real„；fact is that„；„not the case；it is „ which/that„；
4． 某些词语与答案中的词语为同义词。
5．通过举例，让读者推断出答案。
6．将答案放在所举的例子前面。
7．说话人对于听者的迷惑包括：
（1）开头提出一些所谓的原因，而将真正的原因放在最后。
（2）说话人会以较为快的速度，让听话人听到一些“提示”，通常是一些支言片语，用来迷惑听者。这些“提示”中的文字往往直接出现在选项中。
8． 结合以上几点，不难发现在本项的正确答案都是间接的给出，通常要经过说话人2到3步的阐述。
口语部分
整个考试时间：16分钟左右。
第一项：询问个人信息
本项考试的时间：3分钟左右。
本项考试的形式：由考官逐个向考生提出问题，考生进行回答。
本项考试内容：涉及个人信息的诸多方面，考官的提问更是千变万化，但一定设计个人信息的某个方面。通常，为了核对考生资格，考官会问以下问题：What’s your name?/can you spell your family name?/can you spell your surname?/ what’s your number? 回答范例：My name is Ray.That’s R-A-Y, Ray.本项考试的目的是：考官借助于对考生个人信息的提问，核对考生考试资格，并通过与考生
之间的交流，考察考生的发音，语法和用词。
本项考试从难度上来说是口语三项考试之末，但由于其为考试第一项，所以考生在本项中留给考官们的印象至关重要。考生们必须认真对待。
考生在本项考试中必须做到：
1．克服考试开始时的紧张情绪。方法：提前进入考场，适应考场环境。了解考试模式，进行模拟训练。
2．听清考官所问之问题。若没有听懂，可以要求考官重复其问题。方法：使用I am sorry but could you repeat your question?/I beg your pardon, Madam(Sir)?等句型。
3．全面地回答考官提出的问题，不能跑题。
实用技巧：A.对于考官提出的特殊疑问句，首先使用单词、词组或句子给予明确的答复。然后阐述理由。B.对于考官提出的一般疑问句，首先答复yes或者no，然后阐述理由。C.对于考官提出的选择疑问句，方法同A。
4．不要与另一位考生交流，不要干扰另一位考生的答题。
5．有时由于时间问题，考官有可能非常简单地进行本项甚至打断考生的答题，这考生的临场表现没有任何关系。出现上述情况，切忌紧张。
第二项：话题的讨论
本项考试的时间：6分钟左右
本项考试的形式：每个考生从给定的三个话题中任选一个进行一分钟的阐述，在阐述之前有一分钟进行准备，可以做笔记。另一考生认真听取对方阐述（可以作笔记），并在对方阐述完毕后，提问其一到两个问题，对方给予回答。
本项考试内容：本项考试中所給出的话题的范围包括：广告、求职、通信联系、商业交流、经营者与顾客的关系、财政、会计、生产管理、生产安全、员工健康、员工管
理、员工招聘、员工培训、市场、销售、货物运输、技术等等。
本项考试的目的是：考官借助考生对自选观点话题的解释与阐述，考察考生的英语语言组织
能力（包括个人意见、观点的提出、表达、解释和结论）。同时附带考察考生的发音，语法和用词。
本项考试从难度上来说居于口语三项考试之中。
考生在本项考试中必须做到：
1．充分利用本项开始之前的一分钟准备时间做好笔记。笔记格式范例：
Opening sentence:______________________________
Main points
*___________________
*___________________
*___________________
Supporting ideas
*___________________
*___________________
*_________________
Concluding sentence:______________________________________________
2．本项考试的顺序问题：考生一定要遵守以下的顺序。首先提出观点（参见3）。然后阐述理由，随即给出具体论据。最后进行总结。
3．开头陈述观点时所使用的句型：
A.所选择的观点本身是特殊疑问句的格式。例如：how to fill a key vacancy
使用：to„, we should„/ we should„in order to„/we can solve the problem by doing„等句型。例如：To fill a key vacancy, we should„./We should„in order to fill a key vacancy./We can solve the problem by„.B.所选择的观点本身短语的格式。例如：the importance of having a good CV
使用：I think „ is „/In my opinion, „ is „/From my point of view, „ is „等句型。
例如：From my point of view, the importance of having a good CV is that„
4．结尾总结时所用的句型：Therefore,„/In a word,„/That’s my opinion./
5．由于考生在本项考试中只有一分钟的时间，因此建议考生只陈述一个观点，给出两个理由，两个论据，一个总结。共计六句话，时间分配为每句十秒钟。
6．考生相互询问以及回答中的注意事项：不要提问对方难度较大或模棱两可的问题，以免产生不必要的对抗心理。导致后续考试中合作的不愉快。提问方可以针对某个细节向对方提问，使得对方可以自然的重复自己的观点。回答方对提问方的问题仅做简要回答，主要是重复自己的观点。
第三项 问题的讨论和解决
本项考试的时间：7分钟左右
本项考试的形式：每个考生得到相同的文字资料，按照要求对需要解决的问题进行讨论，并最终得出结果。考生在进行考试前有30秒时间阅读文字材料，并且在考试过程中可以参考材料。
本项考试内容：本项考试为考生模拟了商业工作的真实环境，包括商业活动中任何可以进行双向交流的场合。但仍然处于以下范围中：广告、求职、通信联系、商业交流、经营者与顾客的关系、财政、会计、生产管理、生产安全、员工健康、员工管理、员工招聘、员工培训、市场、销售、货物运输、技术等等。
本项考试的目的是：考官考察考生运用英语进行交流的能力。包括：正确的组织和进行对话的能力；对问题做出正确的回应和分析的能力；做出判断的能力。
本项考试从难度上来说居于口语三项考试之首。
考生在本项考试中必须做到：
1．仔细阅读本项考试文字材料，明确所要达到的目的。（讨论什么；决定什么）
2．在讨论的开头迅速对所讨论的话题的背景进行简单介绍。
实用技巧：将文字材料中的字句进行简化并表达出来。（见范例）
3．两名考生讨论和解决的问题进行。
实用步骤1：一问一答式的讨论（范例1）
A提问（一句话）——B回答（一句话），阐述理由（两句话），A附和（一句话），阐述理由（两句话）——一B提问（一句话）——A回答（一句话）,阐述理由（两句话），B附
和（一句话），阐述理由（两句话）.——A或B定下决定（一句话）——B或A支持决定（一句话）。
这种方法思路清晰明确，但切忌回答过于简单。
实用步骤2：各自阐述观点的讨论（范例2）
A阐述观点（一句话）和理由（两句话）——B对A的观点表态（一句话），阐述自己的观点并阐述理由（两句话）——双方讨论，深入阐述本人观点（A，B各两句话）——定下决定（A，B各一句话）。
这种方法适合对问题的辩论。但考生需注意彼此的交流。
第四篇：剑桥雅思1下载TEST3听力原文(Section3)
官方网站：www.xiexiebang.com
剑桥雅思1下载TEST3听力原文(Section3)
以下是剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST3听力Section3中的相关音频，同学们可根据听力音频答题，赶快下载来听。
下面为大家整理了剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST3听力中Section3听力原文的详细内容，其中包含了雅思听力考试Section3的音频部分，同学们可在做剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST3听力(Section3)后，再听原文兑答案，另外，雅思听力原文中给出了答案的相关提示，供同学们进行下载练习。
SECTION 3
T = Tutor
M = Mark
S = Susan
T: OK, everybody, good morning!It’s Mark’s turn to talk to us today so
Mark, I’ll ask you to get straight down to business.M: Right!
T: Now following on from what we were discussing last week in Susan’s tutorial
on approaches to marketing, you were going to give us a quick run down on
a new strategy for pricing which is now being used by many large companies Q24
known as “revenue management” „ before we go on to your actual tutorial paper on Sales Targets.Is that correct?
M: Yeah, OK, well „
T: So what exactly is revenue management?
M: Well, it’s a way of managing your pricing by treating things like airline
tickets and hotel rooms rather more as if they were perishable goods.S: Yeah, I just tried to book a ticket yesterday for Perth and would you believe
there are three different prices for the flight?
M: Right!And what was the rationale for that?
官方网站：www.xiexiebang.com
S: Well „ the travel agent said it depended on when you book and the length
of the stay, like it’s cheap if you stay away for a Saturday night, presumably
because this isn’t business travel and even cheaper if you buy a ticket where Q25
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Tapescripts
you can’t get a refund if you have to cancel;in that case the ticket costs about half the price.You wouldn’t think it would make that much
difference, would you?
M: Well it does, and that’s basically because the airlines are now treating their
seats like a commodity.You see — if you want a seat today, then you pay far
more for it than if you want it in three weeks’ time.S: That seems rather unfair.M: Well „ not really „ when you think about it, that’s just common sense isn t Q26
if?
S: I suppose so.T: What this actually means is that in the same row of seats on the same flight
you could have three people who have all paid a different price for their
tickets.S: And is this just happening in Australia?
M: No, no it’s the same all over the world.Airlines are able to “market” a seat as
a perishable product, with different values at different stages of its life.S: Well like mangoes or apples at the market.M: Yeah, it’s exactly like that.The fact is that the companies are not actually
interested in selling you a cheap flight!They’re interested in selling the seats Q27
and flying aeroplanes that are full.T: Mark why do you think revenue management has come about?
M: Well, as far as I can see there are two basic reasons: firstly because the law
has been changed to allow the companies to do this.You see in the past they Q28
官方网站：www.xiexiebang.com
didn’t have the right to keep changing the prices of the tickets, and secondly
we now have very powerful computer programs to do the calculations and so Q29
the prices can be changed at a moment’s notice.S: So you mean ten minutes could be critical when you’re buying a plane ticket?
M: Absolutely!
T: That’s right!
M: And I understand we have almost reached the stage where these computer
programs that the airlines are using will eventually be available to consumers
to find the best deals for their travel plans from their home computer Q30
S: Heavens!What a thought!So the travel agent could easily become a thing of
the past if you could book your airline tickets from home.Are there any
other industries using this system, or is it restricted to the airline business?
M: Many of the big hotel groups are doing it now.That’s why the price of a bed Q31
in a hotel can also vary so much „ depending on when and where you book
it
T: It’s all a bit of a gamble really.M: Yes, and hire car companies are also using revenue management to set their Q32
tariffs, because they are also dealing with a “commodity” if you like „ so the
cost of hiring a car will depend on demand.T: Well, thank you, Mark, for that overview „ that was well researched.Now
let’s get on with your main topic for today„
第五篇：剑桥11 TEXT 1 听力原文及翻译
剑桥11 TEXT 1 听力原文
SECTION 1 Hello?
你好？
Oh, hello.I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September 1st.您好，我想问一下租用村务大厅的一间公共会议室的事宜，九月一日晚上要用。
Let me just see...Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.我看看......那天晚上我们的两个会议室都可以用。
There's our Main Hall-that's got seating for 200 people.Or there's the Charlton Room...一个是主厅，里面可容纳200个人。另一间是Charlton会议室......The main hall seats 200, so 200 has been written in the space.主厅可容纳200个人，所以空白处应该填写200。
Now we shall begin.You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time.Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 6.现在考试正式开始。你需要在听的过程中回答问题，因为录音只播放一次。请仔细听并回答问题1-6。
Hello?
你好？
Oh, hello.I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September the first.您好，我想问一下租用村务大厅的一间公共会议室的事宜，九月一日晚上要用。
Let me just see...Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.我看看......那天晚上我们的两个会议室都可以用。
There's our Main Hall-that's got seating for 200 people.Or there's the Charlton Room...一个是主厅，里面可容纳200个人。另一间是Charlton会议室......Sorry?
不好意思，您说的是什么会议室？
The Charlton Roomcash, credit card, cheque...实际租金随便怎么支付都可以，现金、刷卡、支票......都没问题。
Oh, well I suppose that's OK.So does the charge include use of tables and chairs and so on?
嗯，我觉得应该没问题。你们收取的租金里面包括了使用桌椅之类的费用吗？
Oh, yes.we always advise people to do that.这里的地面坑坑洼洼的，如果你们穿着凉鞋过来的话可能会摔倒。我很高兴看见你们都穿了鞋子过来，我们一般都建议大家这么做。
Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs, so do bring them along next time you come.我们欢迎所有年龄段的孩子来参观，而且即使特别小的孩子通常也很喜欢这里的鸭子和小羊，所以下次你们过来的时候可以带他们一起过来。
I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs.我想你们应该没人带了狗过来吧，不过以防有人带了我还是说一下吧，恐怕你们得把狗留在停车场了，除非它们是导盲犬。
I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm.我相信你们一定会理解的，因为它们可能会在农场造成很多麻烦。
......Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.在播放剩下的录音之前，你有一些时间阅读问题15-20。
......Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.现在请听录音并回答问题15-20。......Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.现在我给你们介绍一下农场的布局。
The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right, and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland — and of course the car park is on your left.你们刚才买票的那栋楼是New Barn，就在你们右边；现在我们在去农场的主道的入口处，还有，当然啦，停车场在你们左边。
The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path, is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture.你们在停车场看见的那个放在主干道旁边角落里的稻草人，是个防止鸟儿靠近庄稼的传统特色，不过我们的稻草人是个固定的雕塑。
It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.它比真人还要高，所以你们从很远的地方就能看见它。
If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze.It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there.往前看的话会看到一个迷宫。就在New Barn对面，那里右边的分岔路旁边。
The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them, but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!
围着这个迷宫的树篱比较高，小孩子是没法儿通过篱笆从上往下看的，不过它实际上只是个小迷宫，在里面不会走丢的。
Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?
你们能看见主干道远处那个鱼塘上面的桥吗？
If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it.如果你们想去餐厅的话，就朝着那座桥走，在桥前面右转。
Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to.沿着分岔路一直走，餐厅就在你们看到的第一个拐弯的地方。
The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.那栋建筑原本是个校舍，现在已经屹立在那儿一百多年了。
As you may know, we run skills workshops here, where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork and basket-making.你们也许知道，我们这儿还开了个技能学习班，在这里可以学到像木工和编篮子这样的传统手工技能。
You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn.你们可以去Black Barn看看样品，找相关人员聊聊这些课程。
If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.从New Barn右边的这条岔路一直走，在第一个拐弯的地方就能找到Black Barn。
Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.现在我要跟你们说一下野餐的事情，因为我看见你们有些人已经带了午餐过来。
You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.你们可以在田里野餐，不过记得吃完要收拾干净。
Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard: just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right.或者，如果你们不喜欢露天用餐的话，可以去农场院子附近，过了桥就能看见右边有个带屋顶的野餐场所。
And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself.From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard.最后要提的一个地方就是Fiddy House，你们可以从这里过桥，然后沿着步行小径一直走，穿过田野之后，走到农场院子左边。
That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it.这么走就能到达Fiddy House，而且一路上的风景也很漂亮。
It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.这座房子绝对适合拍几张照片，不过由于这是私人住宅，你们不能进去参观。
Right.Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.好了，如果你们都准备好了，那我们就出发去参观农场吧。
SECTION 3 OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned — the one about the study on gender in physics.Greg，我终于看完了你提到过的那篇文章，就是那篇关于研究物理学系的性别差异的文章。
About the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team?
那篇Akira Miyake的团队研究大学生的文章？
Yeah.I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.这些研究人员中实际上既有心理学家又有物理学家，这一点让我很感兴趣。
That's an unusual combination.这种组合可不常见。
Yeah.I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on.对，我一开始还有点弄不清楚，这项研究是针对哪些学生进行的。
They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.他们并不真的都是物理学专业的学生，他们的专业被称为STEM学科。
That's science, technology, engineering and...-...and math.Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.里面包含了科学、技术、工程和.....数学。对，但是他们的一部分专业课都包括了物理学的课程。
That's correct.So as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college, and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men.没错。从我理解的来看，Miyake团队是以女学生在物理入门课程中出席率不足这一事实作为切入点的，而且那些选择了物理课程的女学生平均成绩也要比男学生差一些。
No one really knows why this is the case.没人知道为什么会出现这种情况。
Yeah.But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.对，但是这些研究人员基本上只是想要弄清楚他们能做些什么，来改善这种女生成绩相对较低的情况。
But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.但是为了找到解决方法，他们需要更深入地探究这一问题的本质。
Right.Now let's see if I can remember...it was that in the physics class, the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics...was that it?
没错，看我记的对不对......在物理专业的班级中，女学生认为班上的男学生一致觉得她们根本不懂物理，对不对？
And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.而且她们还觉得男生指望她们在考试中取得不好的成绩。
That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.这只是她们自己以为而已，不过这种想法使她们紧张不安，最终成绩不理想。
But actually they were wrong...No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all.但她们是错的，根本没人在对女学生做任何猜想。
Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple — getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.不管怎样，Miyake团队做的事情非常简单，他们让学生们在进入物理课教室之前，先写了一些东西。
What did they call it?
他们管这个叫什么来着？
Values-affirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them, not particularly to do with the subject they were studying, but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.价值观认定。学生们要以对他们来说很重要的事情为题写一篇文章，不用特地选择和他们所学科目相关的话题，更多的是像音乐或者对他们很重要的人这类更平常的话题。
Right.So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.对的，写这篇文章的想法是让学生以一种积极的方式思考。
And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance.Yeah.而且把这些想法转换成文字，会让他们放松并帮助他们克服导致成绩不佳的心理障碍。
But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.但是让研究人员大感意外的是，这样一个简单的举动竟然使女生的物理成绩从C提高到了B。
A huge change.Pity it wasn't to an A, but still!No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.成绩提高幅度很大啊。虽然很遗憾没有提高到A，但是也不错了！不过这确实证明女学生与男学生相比，在考试之前就严重表现不佳。
Yes.Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details.对，提醒你一下，Miyake的文章中还省略了很多细节。
Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?
比如，这些学生只写了一次文章，还是好几次呢？
And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results.还有，他们有没有告诉过这些学生为什么要写这篇文章？这可能会影响考试成绩的。You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?
你的意思是说，如果学生知道研究人员认为这个方法也许能帮助他们提高成绩的话，他们就会努力达到这个期望？
Exactly.没错。
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 28-30.在播放剩下的录音之前，你有一些时间阅读问题28-30。
Now, listen and answer questions 28-30.现在请听录音并回答问题28-30。
So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study, but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.总之，我觉得我们在自己的项目中也可以做个相似的研究，不过我们要调查的是，是否真的是这个写作环节导致的那个结果。
OK.So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different...something more factual?
好的，我们可以叫他们以某个完全不同的事情，某个更加真实的事情为题写一篇文章？
Like a general knowledge topic.比如以常识为题。
Maybe...or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.也许......我们可以让一半学生完成写作任务，另一半做点别的事情，比如口头任务。
Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task.再或者，我们可以让一半学生做和原本研究中同样的写作任务，剩下的一半以真实事情为题写一篇文章。Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.这样我们就能知道是否真的是那个话题导致的成绩差异，还是其他事情。
That's it.Good.So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.就是这样，太棒了。那我们星期一和导师见面的时候，就可以跟他说我们已经决定好做什么项目了。
We should have our aims ready by then.在那之前我们应该把目标确定好。
I suppose we need to read the original study — the article's just a summary.我想我们需要把原本的研究看一遍，那篇文章只是个总结。
And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky.It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own.我还读到过另一篇文章，是Smolinsky写的。这篇文章研究的是，和在单一性别小组以及自己独自学习时的表现相比，女生和男生在班上的混合性别小组的表现有什么不同。
Let me guess...the women were better at teamwork.让我猜猜......女生在团队合作时表现更好。
That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.我也是这么想的，但是事实是，男生和女生无论是在团队合作还是独自一人时，表现都是一样的。
But I guess it's not that relevant to us.不过我想这个和我们的项目没什么关系。
What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.我真正担心的是，要如何按时完成所有的事情。
We'll be OK now we know what we're doing.Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not...现在我们已经知道要做什么了就没问题了。不过我不是很清楚要怎么知道参与我们实验的学生是否真的取得了进步......No.We may need some advice on that.对啊，我们在这个问题上也许需要一些建议。
The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.主要的事情是，我们要确保试样规模正确，不能太大，也不能太小。
That shouldn't be difficult.这应该不难。
Right, what do we need to do next?
那我们接下来需要做什么呢？
We could have a look at the time table for the science classes...or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors.That'd be better.我们可以看看科学系班级的课程表，或者我们也许应该跟一位科学系教授约个时间见一面。这样也许更好。
Great.And we could even get to observe one of the classes.很好，这样也许还有机会观察其中一个班级。
What for?
观察什么？
Well...OK maybe let's just go with your idea.Right, well...嗯......好吧，也许我们还是直接按照你的想法来吧。SECTION 4 I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.我最近一直在关注海洋生物多样性，也就是生活在世界海洋中的生物的多样性。
About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called 'biodiversity hotspots'.大约20年前，生物学家提出了他们称为“生物多样性热点地区”的概念。
These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.这些地区拥有最大的混合物种群体，其中一个例子就是马达加斯加。
These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.这些热点地区至关重要，因为它们给了我们锁定关键地区集中力量进行生物保护的机会。
Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily, but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans, and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.生物学家们能够相当轻易地辨认出陆地上的热点地区，但是直到最近之前，人们对海洋中的生物分布和多样性都知之甚少，甚至没人知道海洋中是否存在这样的热点地区。
Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry.接着在2005年，一个叫Boris Worm的加拿大生物学家从捕鱼业中获得了关于海洋物种的数据，并对其进行了研究。
Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.Worm锁定了海洋中像鲨鱼这样的大型食肉动物生活的五个热点地区，然后研究了它们的共同点。
The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots — the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.他预计会出现的主要共同点是，在这些地区都有高度集中的食物来源，但是令他感到意外的是，这一观点只适用于其中四个热点地区，剩下的那个地区在这方面境况十分不佳。
But what he did find was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths, so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.不过他在所有案例中都发现了的一件事是，即使那些海域深处的水温较低，但它们表层水温都相对较高。这一点似乎能够成为支持大型海洋食肉动物多样化分布的因素。
However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it— so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.但是只有这一点还远远不够，因为他还发现海水中需要饱含足够的氧气，于是这两个因素一起便足够证明这些大型鱼类的高代谢率观点了。
A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish —what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.两年之后，在2007年，一位在加利福尼亚州工作的研究人员，Lisa Ballance也开始寻找海洋热点地区。不过她感兴趣的不是鱼类，而是海洋哺乳动物，比如海豹。
And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.她在海洋中找到了三个热点地区，它们的共同之处在于，所有的这些热点地区都位于洋流的交界处。这些海域中似乎拥有大量的浮游生物可供海洋哺乳动物食用。
So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.如今人们想要保护濒危物种的话，就要尽可能多地获取相关信息。
For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life.举个例子来说，有一个国际工程叫做Census of Marine Life。
They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.他们调查了世界上所有的海洋，包括北极地区的海洋。
One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice — sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick.他们在那儿发现了令其他研究人员瞠目结舌的一件事，那就是冰层之下生活着大量的生物物种，有些甚至生活在20米厚的冰层之下。
Some of these species had never been seen before.这些物种中有些人们之前从未见过。
They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.他们甚至还发现一种章鱼也生活在这种环境中。
And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.其他科学家也从事同样的研究，但他们研究的是海底的一些非常与众不同的栖息地。他们发现有大量生物聚集在海底火山周围，吸引它们过来的是那里温暖的海水和丰富的营养物质。
......However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.但是，生物学家仍不知道每种生物的生存受到的威胁有多么严重。
So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land.于是现在一个名叫Global Marine Species Assessment 的组织正在编写一份陆地上濒危物种的名单。
So they consider things like the size of the population — how many members of one species there are in a particular place — and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.他们考虑的是像族群规模（特定地区内某一生物的数量有多少）这样的因素，然后，他们便着眼于这些生物在地理上的分布。
Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.不过这一点在观察鱼类的时候相当困难，因为它们流动性太大了。第三步是计算这种生物数量减少的比率。
So far only 1, 500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20, 000.到目前为止，他们只评估了1500种生物，不过他们希望将这一数字增加到20000。
For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.他们在评估每一种生物时，都会用他们收集到的关于这种生物的数据来绘制一幅地图，显示它们的分布。
Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located but also where they are most threatened.最终，他们将不仅可以通过这些地图发现大部分生物生活的地点，还能弄清楚它们在哪里受到的威胁最大。
So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?
那么，要保持世界海洋中的生物多样性，我们能做些什么呢？
Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.首先，我们要在海洋中设置更多自然保护区，在保护区内海洋生物可以受到保护。
We have some, but not enough.目前海洋中已经有了一些保护区，但是还远远不够。
In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.另外，还有一些生物比如棱皮龟，它们生活在外海中，但是筑巢点却在美国海岸，为了保护它们，我们需要建立一些迁徙廊道，这样它们就能从一个地区安全地到达另一个地区了。
As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.除此之外，我们还需要采取行动降低捕鱼限额，以防止濒危物种被过度捕捞。
And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'.最后，还存在“副渔获”的问题。
This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats — they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.“副渔获”指的是渔船会捕捞到不想要的鱼类，他们通常会把这些鱼放回大海，但是放生时这些鱼一般已经死了或者命不久矣。If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome.如果这些商业捕渔船能够使用挑选更加仔细的设备，以便只捕捞想要消费的鱼类，那么这个问题就能得以解决了。
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