第一篇：四级真题写作命题剖析与预测
四级真题写作命题剖析与预测
收集整理：肖庆华 陈明
一、写作命题剖析
（一)大纲要求
根据全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2006年11月公布的《大学英语四级考试大纲（2006年修订版)》（以下均简称《大纲》)，写作（writing)部分是测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间为30分钟。
另外，《大纲》在附录中详细说明了“全国大学英语四、六级考试（CET-4～CET-6)作文题评分原则及标准”： 评分原则：
1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2.CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores), 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
3.主要从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判（结构也很重要）。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。评分标准：
1.本题满分为15分。
2.阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷 1 ~ 2份。
3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为所阅文章与某一分数（如8分)相似，即定为该分数（即8分)；若认为所阅文章稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加1分（即9分)或减1分（即7分)。但不得加或减0.5分。4.评分标准：
2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
(注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。)5.字数不足应酌情扣分。
CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99
80-89
70-79
60-69
50-59
＜49 CET-6 140-149 130-139 120-129 110-119 100-109 90-99
80-89
＜79 扣分
9(注：①如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。②规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。③如要判为0分，须慎重处理。)6.为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分)。
作文分15 14 得分率100 94 87
54 47
34 20 7（二)评分剖析
对研究《大纲》关于写作部分的要求、评分原则和标准，我们不难发现，写作的得分是一种综合分数。归纳起来看，写作分数主要包括总体印象、语言表达、文章结构和思想内容四个大的方面，而各个方面又有一些具体的细节内容。（三)命题特点和趋势
分析近几年来的试题可知，写作部分的命题有如下几个特点和趋势： 1.考试内容多以学生熟悉的日常学习生活和应该关心的社会热点为主。
2.题材多以议论文和说明文为主，有时会考些简单的应用文，且多以信函为主。3.命题形式以文字提纲为主，图表提纲为辅。4.题目主要是陈述性短语、句子或一般疑问句。
二、写作命题预测
作文的命题，仍会坚持“稳中求变”的命题原则。“稳”是指作文考查的目的不变，仍以测试考生基本的书面表达能力为主；考查的内容不变，仍侧重于思想表达、篇章组织、语言运用、写作格式四个方面。“变”是指作文的考查形式会变，不但其文体会变，而且考查的具体内容必然会变。因此，除了要具有扎实的语法、词汇知识和篇章组织技巧之外，考生还应该多留心观察和思考日常生活中的常见现象，并通过阅读报纸、杂志、书籍等来了解一些常见的社会看法和观点，在整理和提炼思想的同时，积累丰富的常见问题的英语表达习惯和方式，只有这样才能做到有备无患，从容应考。
有鉴于此，建议考生在复习备考时要注意以下几点： 1.熟悉常见三种文体的写作方法，在总结规律和背诵相关模板的同时，要学会灵活运用模板，切忌生搬硬套，更忌无中生有画蛇添足；
2.熟练掌握各种句式间相互转换的技巧，避免句式单一或句式复杂；
3.尽量能抽取时间来阅读一些与大学或日常生活相关的英语新闻、报纸或杂志；
4.要学好使用关联词，但避免大量使用关联词语，坚持“内容决定形式”的写作原则，切忌为了凑字数而胡乱堆砌关联词语；
5.要吃透重点词汇的用法，切忌生造词汇或囫囵吞枣；
6.无需在应用文上投入太多精力，只要将其基本格式吃透就可以，因为其具体内容的写法或结构基本等同于常见的三种文体；
第二篇：四级真题写作1
No happiness without contributing first
In fact, almost of people need happiness in their life.Happiness is an important part of our daily life.And different people have different opinions on happiness.In my view, l think contribution can make our happy.For example, if you contribute some money for the relief of the poor, you will feel happy and satisfied from the bottom of your heart.Also, you will leave a good impression on their heart.They must appreciate for it.So we all know that there is easy for us to own happiness as long as you can contribute firstly.Certainly, everyone has their own happiness.We are children in our family.When we do some housework, our parents will own the sense of happiness.Because they think you grew up.Then we will find that their happiness from our contributions.Apparently, we also gain happiness from our families.In a word, if you want to gain happiness, you should contribute something firstly.
第三篇：历年四级写作真题
专四辅导之便条写作
（一）便条的写作
便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求考生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。
便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化，比如要通知某事只需这样开头：Just a line to tell you that...而无须像正规书信那样This is to inform you that...开头。有急事需要告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。
便条的日期通常写在右上角，一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间；日常应用中，写上几月几日的也很普遍。但一般不写年份，因为便条的内容多半是当日或近日内要办的事情。
便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。
基本写作格式
便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但必须包括以下四个基本要素； 1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文 4）Signature：署名
注意事项
1.词句简洁，尽量避免应酬语和敬词 2.切忌内容空洞、言不达意。分类举例
1）请假（Asking for Leave）
例1 Directions: You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 100 words.Please describe the information clearly.1)the reason you ask for the leave 2)the time and how long you will leave
Aug.22nd Secretary Li, I’m sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug.23rd to sept.3rd instant.As I have to leave with the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill.I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days.You know I’m the only child in my family.Of course I will show you the telegram about my father’s illness which is received from my mother to support my application.As concern as the missed lessons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus.Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully，××× 本文是一封请假条，一般我们要向上级或老师请假，通常用的是ask for leave这个短语，请三天假可写作：ask for three days’ leave;因病请假则是ask for sick leave.leave在这里是名词用法，文中用的短语是apply for意为“申请”，含有更加郑重的意味，常用于下级对上级或晚辈对长辈的书面语中，“Only child”意为“独生子女”相应的，“独生女”译作“only daughter”而“独生子”译作“only son”.As concern as后面跟名词性结构，意为“涉及到，至于”与Concerning同义，两者可以互换。
例2 Directions: Your father is seriously ill, and you want to go back home.Write a note to the secretary and it should include 1)the cause for leaving;2)the days: from 16th to 21st;3)Catch on the lesson after returning school.July 5th Dear Miss Huang, My sister called me last night, and she said that my father is dangerously ill.I beg to apply for seven days’ leave of absence from 16th to 21st instant, in order that I can see my beloved father.I should be much obliged if you would grant me my application.As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home.Sincerely yours，××× I should be much obliged if you would...是一种客套语，表示“……，我当不胜感激。”“补课”的英文是to make up for the lessons。2)约请(Invitation)Directions: You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice.Write a note to her and say: 1)the time of the show, 2)the place where you will wait for her.Sunday Dear Alice, Here is a piece of good news for you.The Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is now on a visit in Beijing, will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it.Here I leave you an admission card.The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not.××× 约朋友一起去看戏，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一张便条，但又怕朋友来不了，所以在便条最后特地写上“如果你来不了，告诉我一声”（Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming）3)道歉（Apology）
人非圣贤，孰能无过。在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。如果发生此类事情，就会给对方带来麻烦和不便。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。此类信要写得及时，态度要诚恳，用词需谦逊。一般在信一开始就向对方表示歉意或内疚，然后说明原因并提出补救的办法。
例1 Directions: You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words.May 20th Dear Lily, I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.××× 临时有事未能赴约，一定要把事情解释清楚并真诚的道歉，最好能有弥补（to make up），邀请对方周末再碰头（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意句子you must have been disappointed中情态动词的用法：情态动词+完成时态，表示过去行为。这句话应该理解为“你当时一定感到很失望”。
例2 Directions: You have received a invitation from your friend, but you have already had some guests in your house.Please express the reason you can’t go clearly in about 100 words.6.April Dear Lucy, I do apologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night.When I accepted your invitation, I simply forgot that Saturday was a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning.It is difficult for me to make a choice.Though I also wonder to meet you very much.I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home.I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday.Should I make a visit to you in my other spare time? Thank you very much.××× 自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受别人邀请去做客所以可以明正言顺的表示拒绝或可另约时间。英文要强调谓语动词，可以加上助动词，例如：I do apologize for being late.例3 Directions: You are already have a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you can’t go.Express your reason clearly in about 100 words.Monday 9:00 am Dear Jane, I am sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.I really have kept our date in my mind all these days, however, I received my boss’s e-mail this morning, he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad, it’s urgent and I must go.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time? Many thanks.××× 因有事而不能赴约，只能另约时间（to make或to fix another time）。英国人一般把“打电话”说成to ring somebody up，还可以说 to give somebody a ring，不要错以为别人要送你个戒指。美国人通常说to call somebody。与别人已经定好的约会却临时不能赴约时，应说明原因并诚恳地道歉，以期获得别人的谅解。4）借物(Borrowing)Directions: You are going to write a note for borrowing sth.Please describe these information clearly 1)the thing you ask 2)what you are going to do with it 3)how long will you take it.Tuesday Dear Xiao Wang, I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days.Now I am translating some important articles.There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually.I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating.So I think your electronic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work.I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it.Thank you very much!
Yours ever，××× 字典是我们日常生活中常用的学习工具，但千万不能从字面上认为“查字典”就是“check the dictionary”，而应该用“look up”这个固定短语来表达。“影响……”有一个很地道的短语。“have effect upon/on”,如果是积极影响就在have和effect之间加a good，反之，就加“a bad”其他的形容词例如great，remarkable也可以用来修饰effect，此词在这里是名词。5）回复友人问候(Reply for Regards)Directions: You have just had an operation, and received a note of regards from your friend Jenny.Now please write a reply to her to tell her your current situation.Jan.8th.Dear Jenny, Thanks for your letter of sympathy I received the day before yesterday.The operation on my leg was a wonderful success.You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood.The operation removed the cause of trouble.It is quite worth having the operation.I am daily recovering from my illness.I’m confident I will soon be in the office again after proper treatment.Thank you for kind wishes.My best wishes to all your family
××× 这是对好友问候便条的回复。形式简单，内容明了。过去完成进行时“I had been suffering…my childhood”表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。便条写作中的语言表达：
中国人与西方人看问题的方法的确在许多方面存在着差异，而且这种差异的的确确在束缚着中国学生，成为他们英文写作中的拦路虎，使他们不能准确而简洁地表达思想。
比如写下面一则便条，因母亲突然生病，周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了，你找了舞跳得很好的时黛来代替你，并表示抱歉。
July 6
Dear Tom，I am sorry to inform you that I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend．My mother is suddenly taken ill．In order not to disappoint you，I have asked Shi Dai to take my place．She is a better dancer，I think．
My regrets．
Joe 从便条中可看出，英语表达先“果”—I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”—my mother is suddenly taken ill，即所谓“先果后因”。
一般来说，在单个句子中，英语句子也是先中心，也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首，放在主句里表达；而汉语正相反，一般为后中心，主要的观点、信息往往放在句末。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill．（因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。）
Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life．（生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。）
所以说，大学生用英文写作时，要按照英美人的思维模式进行思考，避免写出中国式的英语。
专业四级便条写作范例： 1.A note of Invitation Dear Mrs.Hudson:
Will you and Mr.Hudson be able to join us and a couple of friends on Saturday evening, October 5th, for dinner? Later we plan to go to the City's Performance Hall to see a Huangmei opera.Dinner starts at six-thirty to allow plenty of time for the drive into town and arrival before curtain time.We do hope you can come.Sincerely yours, Ma Ming
2.A note of thanks Dear Betty, The beautiful electronic translator for me arrived today.Thank you so much for sending me such a nice present.It is very useful for me to study English with, especially when I come across some new words while reading.Thanks to your gift, vocabulary is no longer my headache now.Besides, it is lovely and the size is perfect for me to carry.It is the best gift I have ever received.Thank you again.Jenny
3.A note of apologies Mrs.Katy，I'm terribly sorry I wasn't present on time in your class yesterday morning.I met with the traffic jam on my way to school so that I spent thirty minutes longer than before.I know you are a little angry, anyhow it's my fault, so 1 wish you can forgive me.Later I will try to avoid such accident.Thanks.Tony
4.A Note of Appointment Dear Betty，I wonder if I could see you in your office tomorrow, at 10:15.I have many problems to talk over with you on my current work.It makes me very puzzled.So I hope you could give me some good advice.Please give me a phone call and let me know whether it is ok, or when you are convenient.Rain
5.A Note of Congratulations Dear Jacky, I am so glad to hear that you won the first place in the National English Debating Contest.Congratulations!How great you are!You set a good example for us.All of our class are proud of you excellent performance.Later I want to share your joy.You can talk with me in details.Let's call a day.See you.Henry
6.A Note of Application Dear Professor Wang, It is said you need a part-time teacher from newspaper.I am interested in teaching English in your training center.I am a second-year student of English major.I am qualified to teach reading, writing and speaking.In the past I had ever worked as a teacher in a school.I firmly believe I am competent in this job.I am looking forward to your reply.Henry
历年专四试题――便条
2000 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You've read on the notice board that the university library is looking for a par t-time library assistant who can work at weekends.You think that your classmate, George, is a suitable person for this vacancy.Write him a note, telling him what you know about the vacancy and trying to persuade him to go for an interview.2001 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Profess or Wang.Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting.You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.2002 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman.Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.2003 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend Clare has invited you to her house-warming party this weekend.However, you will be away then.Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her.2004 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend, Jane, has failed in the final exam, and is feeling very unhappy about it.Write a note to comfort her and give her some encouragement.2005 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra.Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.2006 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on answer sheet two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: you have got to know that you classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class.And you are thinking of joining the trip, write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion.历年短文写作真题
1992 My View on Reading Extensively 1993 My Idea of Becoming a Teaching in the Future 1994 TV: a good thing or a bad thing? 1995 Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.1996 Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school.Now，you have been asked by the Student's Union to write a passage entitled： The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life 1997 Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students.You either agree or disagree with them：More pressure from academic studies does（does not）good to us 1998 It is now generally accepted that vehicles（cars，trucks，etc.）are a major source of air pollution in cities.You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.One way to solve the problem 1999 We see advertisements on television everyday.Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits，but others don't think so.What is your opinion？A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television 2000 College life should be varied and colorful.And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it.However，at present，there is much room for improvement in this regard.Write an article to the university radio entitled：The importance of extracurricular activities 2001 Travel has become part of our life.And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience：Travel broadens the mind 2002 Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.And they have different ways to stay healthy.For example，some exercise every day； others try to keep a balanced diet.What do you think is the best way to stay healthy？The Best Way to Stay Healthy 2003
People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family.So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: The importance of Keeping A Good Mood 2004
Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other.So, some say that phones will kill letter writing.What is your opinion? Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 2005
The students' Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on answer sheet two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of A University Arts Festival 2006 Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, xi 'an, Chengdu , shanghai , Wuhan, nanjing ,and Shenyang.The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money today is better, what do you think? Write on answer sheet two a compositions of about 200 words.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what you opinion is In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate detail.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.VI.SECTION A Nowadays the Internet has become part of people's life, and millions of young people have made friends online.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your classmate, Jimmy, is head of the university's swimming club.He has invited you to join the club, but you like some other sport.Write him a note, declining his invitation and explaining why.Marks will be awarder for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Benefits of Volunteering
You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN] Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
Jane, your classmate, is thinking of subscribing to an English-language newspaper.And you would like to recommend one to her.Write a note, telling her which newspaper it is and describing two features of the paper.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：http:///TEM/Test4/4057187062_5.html 专四短文写作范例
2010年Should College Students Hire Cleaners Buying or Borrowing Books?
Books are close friends of humanity.They can arm us with knowledge and information we need to make success of life.Through books we can obtain skills and techniques for survival and development.Through books we can enlighten our spirits and live a fuller life.There are generally two ways in which we can access to books: borrowing or buying.While millions are borrowing books, I still think buying them best suits me and gives me the greatest enjoyment.Admittedly, there are a few merits for borrowing books.For one thing, borrowing books can save us huge amounts of money.And of course, with the money saved we can do other more worthy things.And also, as we borrow books from the library and friends, we normally have deadline to finish them, and consequently we can read more books in a limited time.And we can, above all, better our efficiency of our reading, just as a famous Chinese saying goes, “books can not be read unless borrowed.”
However, some advantages for buying books are more obvious and compelling.One of them, definitely not shared by the choice of borrowing books, is the abundance of freedom that buying books can offer us.Since we can keep the books as long as we wish, we can read as much as we want.Another strength of owing books is that we can take whatever notes on the margin of the pages of the books.And finally, the process of selecting and keeping books can be a great fun that borrowing books can by no means offer.While borrowing books can, to some extent, quench our thirst for knowledge, buying books gives us greater pleasure of selecting and keeping the best of the world treasure.Can we think of any thing else more delightful and rewarding?
第四篇：2010年6月英语四级考试命题剖析与指导：写作
第二章 写作
第一节 写作命题剖析与预测
一、写作命题剖析
(一)大纲要求
根据全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2006年11月公布的《大学英语四级考试大纲(2006年修订版)》(以下均简称《大纲》)，写作(writing)部分是测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间为30分钟。
《大纲》对写作部分的要求有如下说明：
写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。
写作部分考核的技能是：
A思想表达
1.表达中心思想
2.表达重要或特定信息
3.表达观点、态度等
B篇章组织
4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点
5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇
C语言运用
6.运用恰当的词汇
7.运用正确的语法
8.运用合适的句子结构
9.使用正确的标点符号
10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等)
D写作格式
11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式
大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写 常见的应用文，能就一般性的话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。”
另外，《大纲》在附录中详细说明了“全国大学英语四、六级考试(CET-4～CET-6)作文题评分原则及标准”：
评分原则：
1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores), 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否 切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分;该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
评分标准：
1.本题满分为15分。
2.阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷 1 ~ 2份。
3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为所阅文章与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分);若认为所阅文章稍优或稍劣于该分 数则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加或减0.5分。
4.评分标准：
2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
(注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。)
5.字数不足应酌情扣分。
CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 <49
CET-6 140-149 130-139 120-129 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 <79
扣分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
(注：①如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。②规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。③如要判为0分，须慎重处理。)
6.为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分(相当于百分制的60 分)。
作文分15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
得分率100 94 87 80 74 67 60 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 7
(二)评分剖析
鉴于作文的评分带有一定的主观性，与一些非智力性的因素密切相关，所以考生应该对评分的原则和标准有一个详细的了解，做到胸中有数，尽量使自己 的作文符合阅卷的要求，只有如此才能获得理想的成绩。
对研究《大纲》关于写作部分的要求、评分原则和标准，我们不难发现，写作的得分是一种综合分数。归纳起来看，写作分数主要包括总体印象、语言表 达、文章结构和思想内容四个大的方面，而各个方面又有一些具体的细节内容。具体见下表：(略)
(三)命题特点和趋势
分析近几年来的试题可知，写作部分的命题有如下几个特点和趋势：
1.考试内容多以学生熟悉的日常学习生活和应该关心的社会热点为主。
2.题材多以议论文和说明文为主，偶尔考些简单的应用文，且多以信函为主。
3.命题形式以文字提纲为主，图表提纲为辅。
4.题目主要是陈述性短语、句子或一般疑问句。
二、写作命题预测
作文的命题，仍会坚持“稳中求变”的命题原则。“稳”是指作文考查的目的不变，仍以测试考生基本的书面表达能力为主;考查的内容不变，仍侧重于 思想表达、篇章组织、语言运用、写作格式四个方面。“变”是指作文的考查形式会变，不但其文体会变，而且考查的具体内容必然会变。因此，除了要具有扎实的 语法、词汇知识和篇章组织技巧之外，考生还应该多留心观察和思考日常生活中的常见现象，并通过阅读报纸、杂志、书籍等来了解一些常见的社会看法和观点，在 整理和提炼思想的同时，积累丰富的常见问题的英语表达习惯和方式，只有这样才能做到有备无患，从容应考。
有鉴于此，建议考生在复习备考时要注意以下几点：
1.熟悉常见三种文体的写作方法，在总结规律和背诵相关模板的同时，要学会灵活运用模板，切忌生搬硬套，更忌无中生有画蛇添足;
2.熟练掌握各种句式间相互转换的技巧，避免句式单一或句式复杂;
3.尽量能抽取时间来阅读一些与大学或日常生活相关的英语新闻、报纸或杂志;
4.要学好使用关联词，但避免大量使用关联词语，坚持“内容决定形式”的写作原则，切忌为了凑字数而胡乱堆砌关联词语;
5.要吃透重点词汇的用法，切忌生造词汇或囫囵吞枣;
6.无需在应用文上投入太多精力，只要将其基本格式吃透就可以，因为其具体内容的写法或结构基本等同于常见的三种文体;
第二节 写作应试指导
一、写作应试指导——“四步定位法”
四级作文属于应试作文，要想获得高分，最简单的方法就是依据《大纲》14分的要求(评分标准)来写作。首先，要“切题”。具体而言，就是要主题 明确、中心突出，基本包括命题的所有要求(内容和字数)。其次，“表达思想清楚，文字通顺”。也就是说，要用通顺的文字清楚地表达自己的思想，防止用词不 当、词不达意和思想混乱。再次，“连贯性好”。换句话说，要注意段落之间的平稳过渡和句与句之间的适当衔接，避免出现段落之间的突然过渡和句与句之间逻辑 不清的情况。最后，要“基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错”。不仅要注意段落和句义的表达，而且还要避免出现语言错误，主要包括：词义、语法和标点符号的误用 等等。
简而言之，无论是从文章的中心到每句话，还是从段落到单词，都要予以充分考虑，尽量少犯错误，尤其是一些基本却致命的错误(例如：基本语法的误 用、单词的误拼等等)。此外，还要注意卷面、字数等非智力性因素在应试作文中的重要性，努力做到卷面整洁、字数达标。
(一)写作“四步定位法”介绍
根据多年英语教学的经验，笔者认为自己所创的“定位法”仍是获得应试作文高分的一种捷径，特别适合于应对四、六级和考研作文。虽然本节讲述的作 文“四步定位法”与总论中所讲的“定位法”的步骤有所不同，但这只是针对具体题型的灵活变化，贯穿其中的精神实质没有丝毫改变，所以为了突出定位法在四级 应试中的地位，使各位考生更容易理解定位法的实质，并能熟练掌握和运用，仍将“作文定位法”简称为“定位法”。作文“四步定位法”的步骤可以简单地概括 为：“一定中心，二定方法，三定结构，四定句式”。具体内容如下：
1.一定中心
这要求首先确定文章的题目、观点或中心内容，而且任何一篇文章、一个段落、一句话都只能围绕一个中心展开。
首先，对于一篇文章而言，只能有一个中心，无论英语和中文都是如此，区别在于表达中心的方式不同。英语国家的人写作喜欢开门见山，中国人喜欢循 序渐进，这也是中西方人思维不同的表现。所谓开门见山，就是直接说出自己的观点，然后再进一步予以论述或说明;所谓循序渐进，就是通过论述或说明，然后逐 步提出自己的观点。简单而言，就是西方人更习惯于先结论后解释或论证，中国人习惯于先解释或论证逐渐得出结论。但是受自小培养的中文习惯的影响，许多学生习惯用中文的思维方式来用英文表达思想，写出来的作文就不符合英语作文的要求。所以，写英语作文时，一定要时刻提醒自己尽量避免中文思维，先表明观点，再 论证或说明。但所幸的是，几乎所有的六级作文都是命题作文，只需根据题目确定某个方向就可以表明自己的观点，然后做出解释或论述。
例如，疑问式标题的作文“Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?”，只需选择是或不是，然后予以解释或说明;陈述式标题的作文“The Importance of Reading Classics”，就不能选择，必须对该标题直接予以解释或论述。但无论标题为何种形式，一篇作文只能围绕一个中心展开，否则就会走题，下笔千言而离题 万里。
其次，一个段落也只能针对一个中心展开，而且最好在开头就鲜明地表明自己的观点。具体而言，在四级作文中，就是围绕提纲的中心以段落的形式对它 进行丰富和发展。
例如，请以“Will E?books replace traditional books”为题，按照下面的提纲写一篇文章，即1).随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多;2).有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是„„ 3).我的看法。对于第一点，其中心就是“电子图书越来越多”，只需要以此为中心展开说明，比如可以列举一些具体的事例;对于第二点，其中心是“有人认为 电子图书会取代传统图书”，其主要理由是什么;第三点，我的看法如何呢，要么同意，要么不同意，再加以简单解释。这样，每段有每段的中心，所有段又都以第 三个提纲为核心，为其服务。这样就有一个大概的轮廓，也不会跑题。
再次，每句话也应该而且只能有一个中心，而且要避免啰唆和重复。有的同学，鉴于自己词汇量有限，为了凑字数，或有的同学，为了卖弄笔墨，可能会 利用一些复杂的句式结构不断地重复某个中心意思。这样做，不但会影响文章的中心思想，而且也会让人觉得晦涩难懂。例如，With regard to the fact that our environment is polluted, members of Congress should draft and consequently enact laws that prohibit pollution in our nation.这句话可以改为：Because our environment is polluted, Congress should pass laws prohibiting pollution.所以，要尽量围绕一个中心写一些简洁的句子，在此基础上适当地做些句型变化就可以，不要一味追求使用长句和复杂的句子结构。这样做只会舍本逐 末、适得其反。总之，要记住句为段服务、段为篇服务、篇为中心或题目服务，也就是所说的“一定中心”。
2.二定方法
指围绕定好的“中心”确定写作所要采用的方法——讲道理和摆事实。
(略)
3.三定结构
指确定文章的段落结构。一般来说，一篇完整的四级应试作文应该包括三个部分，即：提出问题、分析问题和解决问题，也就是要回答“是什么、为什么 和怎么样”三个问题。通常地，也可以理解为文章结构形式的三个部分，即：开头(起)、中间(承、转)、结尾(合)。
(略)
4.四定句式
要灵活运用四种句子结构——简单句、并列句、复合句和拓展句，长短句要合理相间，发挥短句表达有力(多用作结论)、长句逻辑严密(多用于论证或 说明)的特点，切忌采取单一句式。简单句、并列句、复合句，这是英语中三种基本的句子结构，大家不难理解。拓展句主要是指以前三种句子为基础结构形成的比 较复杂的句子，其中有较多的非谓语成分，有的语法也将其称为“复杂句”。(“拓展句”不是一个正规的语法概念，只是为了各位考生应用和理解英语句子结构的 方便而提出的)。例如：After installed a skylight(天窗), the room looked brighter.四种句子之间的结构是可以互相转换的，但必须注意保持其结构的完整性，尤其是在表达复杂而严密的意思的时候。写作或检查时，必须依据“任何一句 话只能有一个谓语，多于一个谓语就必须有连接词”的原则，避免犯句子结构不完整的常见错误。这里所说的“一句话”，其标准是指以句号、问号、分号、感叹号 结尾的句子。四种句子的转换关系如下：简单句→并列句(加并列连词)→复合句(加表示逻辑关系的连词或代词等)→拓展句(加非谓语等结构)。
另外，还要注意标点符号的正确使用。有些同学写作时不太注意标点符号的用法，往往会一“逗”到底或一“句”到底，不管什么情况都喜欢用逗号或句 话，有的甚至习惯在书写时随便停笔加个点号，这是一种很不好的习惯。大家都知道，在英文中，一个点就是一个句号。这样随便乱点，不仅是书写潦草的问题，而 且很可能造成句子结构的不完整，出现语法错误。此外，要注意不要使用顿号。英文中没有顿号，表示并列关系要用逗号，且最后两个并列成分之间用“and”连 接，可加也可不加逗号。再者，一句话中最好不要使用逗号表示多个层次的并列，避免造成读者理解上的困难。还有，在一些连接副词前后都需要加标点符号，常见 的有however, moreover, therefore, consequently等。例如：I had heard the rumor before;consequently, I did not believe it.作文“定位法”也可以用下图来简单表述：(略)
(二)写作“四步定位法”实例讲解
对历年的真题分析可知，常考的四级作文体裁主要有三种——说明文、议论文和应用文，所以接下来就通过具体的例子，来讲解如何使用作文“定位法” 写作这三种体裁的四级英语作文。
1.议论文
【题目】Will E-books replace traditional books?
【提纲】1).随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多
2).有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是„„
3).我的看法
一定中心：本文属于提纲式命题的议论文，题目是“Will E?books replace traditional books”，属于疑问式的题目，所以必须做出肯定或否定回答。同学们可以按照自己的想法，提出“E-books will replace traditional books”或“E-books won’t replace traditional books”的看法。
二定方法：可以先讲道理，再举例(具体见后面的范文)。
三定结构：提纲有三点要求，第一点属于“提出问题”部分，第二点属于“分析问题”部分(分析别人的观点)，第三点也属于“分析问题”部分(提出 自己的观点，并作简单论证)，也就是对题目的回答和简单说明。整个提纲都没有涉及到“解决问题”部分。所以，可以初步确定本文可以分为两大部分、三个段 落，即“提出问题”和“分析问题”(别人和自己的观点)两个部分，现象解释、别人的观点、自己的观点三个段落。
因此，可以确定出如下的结构：
第一部分，解释电子图书越来越多的现象，理论归因为“信息技术的发展”，并举例说明其“越来越多”，通过讲道理和摆事实拓展提纲的第一点。
第二部分可以分为两段，第一段是别人的观点(提纲的第二点)，第二段是自己的观点(提纲的第三点)。别人的观点又包括观点和原因两个部分，在简 单陈述观点后，至少应该指出两点原因来论证这种观点。可以通过讲道理，但最好运用讲道理和摆事实相结合的方法予以论证。第三点也如此，只不过是表明自己的 观点而已。
可用英文简单表述成：
Para.1：Phenomenon: ubiquitous E-books nowadays/E?books become more popular
Reasons: the development of information technology(IT)
Examples: E-products/e-based products—e-mails, e-tickets, e-tests, e-books etc.Para.2：Some persons’ view: E-books will replace traditional books.Reasons: advantages of E?books;disadvantages of traditional books
Examples: read online without payment;immediate reading newly headline information
Para.3：(possible version 1)
My view: agree
Reasons: advantages of E?books;(convenient and accessible;easily storing and place-saving;easy-reading;environment protection)
Examples: bamboo-based books replaced by paper?based books
(possible version 2)
My view: disagree
Reasons: advantages of traditional books
Examples: reading traditional books is good for eyes/healthy
(possible version 3)
My view:(neither totally agree nor totally disagree)coexist
Reasons: both has its advantages of existing
Examples: young people like E?books, while the old like traditional books;coexisting of camera and painting
四定句式：灵活使用四种句子结构，采用长短句间隔的写法。
【范文】
Possible version 1：agree
With the developing of information technology, we are living in an e-era, where E-based products have become more and more popular/ are ubiquitous.E-mails, e-tickets and e-books have played a growing role in our daily life, while paper-based materials, such as traditional books, are suffering a great loss of their readers.Some people believe that E-books will replace the traditional books eventually because of its obvious advantages.Firstly, they are convenient and accessible.You can read so many kinds of interesting e-books without paying any money just if you have a computer connecting to the internet.Secondly, reading e-books has developed into part of our daily life.We can easily get latest headline information just by clicking a mouse gently without hearing noise made by frequently thumbing pages.As far as I’m concerned, I hold/share the same opinion with above persons.Besides the reasons offered by them, E-books are so beneficial for forest protection that they are greatly helpful in saving energy and protecting environment.Just as bamboo-based books were put an end by history, traditional books will lose its all readers and disappear/vanish in the future.Possible version 2：disagree(前两段同上)
As for me, a long-time book worm, it’s not likely/impossible for E-books to replace traditional books.There are enough reasons which make traditional books survive.For example, long time of reading E-books will do harm to our eyes, and readers will find themselves more accessible to printed materials because of unpopularity of computers and the internet to every corner of our life.Possible version 3：co-exist(前两段同上)
From my perspective, I firmly believe e-books can not take the traditional books’ place totally.They will unquestionably co-exist for a long period.Although the e-books offer us lots of favorable consequences, the traditional books can provide us opportunities to take note on them and to be easy for collection.Therefore, e-books and traditional books are preferable to different people, and both of them can bring us benefits.下面是一个根据“定位法”整理出的现成的议论文写作模板，供各位考生借鉴，既可以根据实际情况灵活应用，也有助于加深对作文“定位法”的理解，进一步掌握其精神实质。只有这样“有形加无形”，才能以不变应万变，轻松应对考试。
第一段
There is no denying the fact that.描述现象，引起话题
To begin with,.主题展开句1
What’s more,.主题展开句2
第二段
There are many reasons accounting for.承上启下,解释这一现象的原因
The main reason is.说明原因一
Furthermore,.原因二
The last but not the least,.原因三
As a result,.讲述导致的结果
第三段
As far as I’m concerned,.作者的态度
For one thing,.观点一
For another,.观点二
In conclusion,.总结全文
2.说明文
(略)
3.应用文
(略)
另外，需要强调和说明的一点是：虽然应用文本身有自己的格式要求，必须要按照固定的格式来写，但是最关键的还是要按照提纲的内容来写。换句话 说，应用文就是具有某种特定格式要求的说明文或者议论文。
再者，应用文虽然种类繁多、格式各异，但是除了一些客套话语和内容的表达不同之外，其格式上仍有一些相似的、可循的固定规律。例如：
(1)日期均在开头的右上方，其格式为：月/日/年或日/月/年，而不是年/月/日。
(2)称呼后均用逗号，不能用冒号。„„
(略)
常用句型或表达方法
普通信件(1)I’m very happy to receive your letter about„
(2)Thank you for you to offer me the help to„
(3)I’m writing the letter in purpose of„
(4)My thanks for you are beyond words.(5)I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you soon.(6)Your prompt reply to my letter would be highly appreciated.通知(7)Your attention, please„
(8)This is to note/notice/announce that„
(略)
二、写作应试技巧点拨
写作是作者利用自己所具备的知识来表达观点和情感的一种复杂过程，深受作者自身的知识结构、所处环境和情感等主客观因素的影响，应该是一种主动 的、有感而发的自然过程，并没有固定的规律和方法可循。但是，作为一种考试形式，作文却是一种被动的(固定题目或范围的写作)主动表达过程，有其自身的规 律性和写作技巧，尤其是四、六级英语作文，它有一定的写作套路和独特的固定模式，考生可以通过大量的模仿练习来提高自己的写作能力，丰富自己的写作技巧，顺利通过考试，为将来的进一步学习和工作奠定良好的写作基础。
四级作文基本上是命题作文或提纲作文，大部分是要求考生就某种现实现象或观点发表自己的看法，内容多是考生所熟悉的生活题材，所以写好四级作文 有两个关键点：第一，根据英文的表达习惯来安排写作结构;第二，用自己熟悉的英文词汇、句式和句型正确地写出自己的观点和看法。因此，这里按照起、承、转、合的结构安排，详细介绍一些写作中常用的重点关联词语、词汇、句式及句型。
(一)起
起，就是开门见山地提出自己的观点和看法，文章的第一段和每段的第一句都是起，常会用到一些表示现在的时间状语，如：nowadays, presently, now, with the coming of„等。下面是一些常用的句型结构：
1.观点/现象型
(1)When it comes to„, different people hold different views.Some argue that„, while others believe that„
(2)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that„
(3)Nowadays, it is generally believed that„, but I doubt whether„
(4)As is known to all,„(谚语或名言).A case in point is that„
2.描述型(略)
(二)承(略)
(三)转(略)
(四)合(略)
三、写作真题例析(略)
四、写作真题演练
Test 1
2008年12月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.一次性塑料袋曾广为使用
2.由此带来的问题
3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义
Test 2
2008年6月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.娱乐活动多种多样
2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性
3.作为大学生，我的看法
Test 3
2007年12月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2.学生因为各种原因选修了不同的选修课
3.以你自己为例„„
Test 4
2007年6月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join a club.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow.1.本社团活动的主要内容
2.参加本社团活动的好处
3.如何加入本社团
五、写作真题演练参考范文
Test 1
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags
With its great advantage of convenience and endurance, disposable plastic bags are being widely used and have been an indispensable part of our daily life.We’ve been used to enjoying receiving free plastic bags offered by shop assistants, whenever we buy clothes, shoes and food at supermarkets or department stores.It seems that life without them is unimaginable for most of us.However, they do cause a lot of problems, especially bringing severe damage to our environment.Not only do they affect the beautifulness of our living settings，but also do harm to our health，because they are made from some kind of chemical material which can not be disposable.Once we burn them or bury them, they may pollute our air or water heavily.Thus, it’s imperative for us to take effective measures to limit the use of disposable plastic bags.Such actions are of great significance.It?s helpful in saving natural resource besides making our cities’ faces clean and beautiful.Furthermore, it can help reduce harmful damage to environment and thus to our human’s health.In view of current bad effects made by using disposable plastic bags, we everyone are responsible for limiting their use.Only in this way can we have a bright future.
第五篇：四级写作与翻译最新真题解析
四级写作与翻译最新真题解析
2012年12月大学英语四级考试写作部分和往年有很多不同之处。这不仅让参与这次考试的考生感到头痛不已，也让正在备考的同学们万分困扰，抓不住复习的方向。
翻译部分是考生比较容易得分的部分，但这部分的平均得分率并不高。究竟是为什么呢？ 四级考试写作部分和翻译部分最新真题。
四 级 写 作
Directions: You’re allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I’ve done it hundreds of time.” You’d write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Outline 1.坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。
2.意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命。3.学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才。
本次大学英语四级考试写作题目有别于前几年传统的提纲式议论文，增添了几分新意，话题也较抽象，不易下手。这也让习惯了传统四级写作模式的同学们顿时手足无措。
面对出其不意的四级写作题目，我们应该怎么办呢？单纯背诵模板已经不再是复习四级写作的最佳途径了，我们应该重点培养和提升应对考试的写作能力和技巧，真正做到以不变应万变。
一、审题阶段 1.英文提示
1)以往的英文部分一般只是交代写作的题目。而这次的英文部分却是对写作内容提出了具体的要求：Comment on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I’ve done it hundreds of time.” 如果考生还是像以前那样只看中文提纲，就会忽略掉这个重要的信息。
2)虽然试题要求考生能够结合戒烟屡次而不成功的幽默引语来阐释话题。但这次考试的题目是Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will，article的核心主旨应该在关键词strong will上。然而很多考生在审题时没有能抓住主题，把重心放到了戒烟上，导致了全文偏离主题，这样分数自然不会理想。
3)这次的英文部分对article长度给出了更明确的要求。以往的词数要求一般是“不少于120词”，而这次要求“不少于120词，不多于180词”。2.中文提纲
1)常见的四级写作提纲有三种形式：现象描述型，问题解决型，观点对比型。
乍看起来，这次考试的提纲似乎并不符合任何一种。这也让不少考生头疼。不过，对比之后可以发现，虽然这次的话题是“成功”，比较抽象，不是具体现象，但这个提纲和现象描述型提纲最为接近。所以考生可以根据现象描述型article的思路来展开。2)总的来说，这道试题其实是需要考生分析“坚强意志”和成功的关系，应把重心放到对“坚强意志”重要性的论述上。
二、谋篇布局
四级写作常见的结构是三段式： 第一段：总述现象，引出话题。
第二段：重点分析阐释“坚强意志的重要性”，可以通过举实例(如名人轶事或身边同学的例子，也可以利用戒烟失败作为反例)第三段：推出结论，并再次重申坚强意志的重要性，达到首尾呼应的效果。
三、衔接过渡
四级写作非常注重段落与段落之间的过渡，以及段落内的层次，因此过渡词的应用非常重要。
常用的过渡表达有：
举例关系：a case in point is...，a good example of that would be...，for instance 结果关系：accordingly，thus，consequently，hence，therefore，for this reason 归纳总结：in conclusion，on the whole，in sum，in short，to sum up，in summary，in a nutshell
范文
No great work can be performed without willpower.We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due to some trick of luck.But when we know their histories, we find that it is long years of hard work and constant effort that have brought about their success.Just as we can’t reach the top of a mountain without climbing, we can’t achieve success without determination.Modern society provides people with more opportunities than before, and there are stories about people who enjoy overnight successes.But it is not the case.Before these people become successful, a lot of hard work has been done, mostly unnoticed.What we see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggling forward and wrestling with internal or external obstacles.Take quitting smoking for example.Most people find it difficult, so people give up on quitting because they don’t have a strong will.In a nutshell, a strong will is an important quality of the successful individual.There is no instant success in this world.Willpower is what you need to make your life distinctive and your dreams come true.四 级 翻 译
四级翻译是很多考生在备考阶段最容易忽视的一个部分。很多同学误以为翻译考查的语法知识点会很难，分值又不高。
其实，这一部分是最容易在短期内提高的部分，只要考生在复习时明确考查重点和方向，并能掌握一些相应的做题技巧，通常可以得到理想的分数。
四级翻译考查的重点是基本的语法结构和一些常用的英语表达习惯。简而言之，在历年四级翻译的考试中，有三大常考的考点: 1.固定搭配
2.重点语法结构
包括虚拟语气，倒装结构，非谓语动词和三大从句
3.核心动词和动词短语
在明确了翻译的考查重点之后，我们应该要知道翻译解题的步骤，这样可以有效地提高我们的解题速度和正确率。
翻译的解题一般分三步走: 第一，快速浏览英文，判断划线句子的形式和时态；
第二，看括号里的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词作为切入点，找准主谓宾，分清定状补； 第三，先翻译主谓宾，后定状补，切块翻译，重组。我们一起来分析一下11年12月份的四级考试翻译真题：
87.Charity groups organized various activities to ____________(为地震幸存者筹款).88.Linda _______________(不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied.89.It’s my mother ____________(一直鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my study.90.The publishing house has to _________________(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度).91.It’s wrong to _____________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).考点分析
87题：考查动词raise的用法，raise money/funds 表示“筹款”。
88题：考点是虚拟语气。而且是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，“could have+过去分词”是此题使用的结构。这个结构非常经典，基本每两次考试就可能考到一次。
89题：考查了it’s...that/who...强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。
90题：考查了“考虑”的表达，四级核心高频词汇consider，可以用词组take...into account/ consideration。
91题：考查了“定义”的表达，为define/measure。“以……来定义”也可以使用in terms of 这个四六级高频核心介词短语，简洁的表达可选择by。
参考答案
87.raise money for the survivors of the earthquake 88.couldn’t have received my e-mail 89.who keeps encouraging me not to lose heart 90.take the popularity of this novel into consideration 91.define happiness only by money
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