第一篇:人教版四年级英语下册期末试卷
四年级英语下册诊断题
姓名_______分数_______
听力部分
一、听录音,选出你所听到的单词,将序号填入括号内。
()1.A.wall
B.light
C.floor
D.fan()2.A.playground
B.canteen
C.garden
D.library()3.A that
B.these
C.this
D.they()4.A.jeans
B.shoes
C.shorts
D.socks()5.A.rainy
B.cloudy
C.snowy
D.sunny()6.A.tomato
B.potato
C.onion
D.carrot()7.A.cow
B.goat
C.hen
D.lamb()8.A.colourful
B.cheap
C.expensive
D.pretty()9.A.boots
B.sandals
C.slippers
D.sneakers()10.A.nice
B.good
C.beautiful
D.colourful
二、听录音,判断对错。(对T,错F)
1.2.3.4.5..()
()
()
()
()
三、听录音并选择答案,在每幅图的A或B下方划√。
1.7.2.3.5.6.8.9.10.四、听录音,给下列句子排序。
()What size?()They are thirty-five yuan.()Yes, mom.I like them.()Can I help you?()How much are they?()Size five.()Yes, please.A pair of sneakers for my son.()OK, we’ll take them.()How about this pair?()Are they nice, John? 五.根据录音内容,选写出句中所缺的单词。
1.What ________ is it? It’s seven o’clock.(twelve / time)2.It’s hot today.Put on your _________.(dress / jacket)3.This apple is __________.(green / red)
4.How many ___________are there? Twelve.(horse / horses)5.Is this a __________desk? Yes ,it is.(teachers / teacher’s)
笔试部分
六.对号入座,从Ⅱ栏中找出能回答Ⅰ栏中句子的答语,将其字母代号填入括号内。(10分)
Ⅰ栏 Ⅱ栏()
1、Is that a teacher's desk? A、They're three yuan.()
2、What time is it? B、Twenty.()
3、What's the weather like in Beijing? C.No.it isn't.()
4、How much are they? D、It's six o'clock.()
5、How many pears are there? E、It's sunny and hot.七.根据汉语意思,选出相应的单词,将字母代号填入题前括号内。()
1、(短)裙子 A.shirt
B.skirt
C.dress()2.十 三 A.thirty
B.three
C.thirteen()
3、山 羊 A.goat
B.lamb
C.sheep()
4、昂贵的 A.pretty
B.cheap
C.expensive()
5、拖 鞋 A.sneaker
B.slipper
C.sandals()
6、体育馆 A.artroom
B.washroom
C.gym()
7、很多的A.many
B.so
C.fat
()
8、那,那个 A.this
B.that
C.those()
9、图书馆 A.library
B.playground
C.lunch()
10、晚 餐 A.breakfast
B.lunch
C.dinner
八.选择填空。
()1.--Your new shirt is so pretty!--_____________ A.Thank you!B.See you.C.You are great!()2.Look at those jackets.How much ____they ?
A.is
B.am
C.are()3.Can I wear my shirt ? Yes , you _______.A.are
B.can
C.can’t
()4.It’s snowy in Harbin.It is very ______too.A.cold
B.rainy
C.hot()5.What are your parents ? They are____.A.farmer
B.teacher
C.doctors()6.I want a pair ___ sneakers ___ my mother.A.for
B.of , for
C.for, of()7.What colour is your dress?
A.This is a sweater.B.It’s my dress.C.It’s white.()8.How many _______are there in your class ?
A.students
B.member
C.peoples()9.It is 9:45.It’ s time ____math class.A.of
B.to
C.for()10.There are many animals at the farm.I like ______.A.goat
B.sheep
C.horse 九.根据汉语意思,写出单词。
1.I have
(十一)books in my bag.2.I want a pair of new s.(鞋子)
3.What colour is your skirt? It's.(蓝色的)
4.This is my.(电脑)
5.It's 10:10 a.m.It's time for(英语)class.6.How(多少)horses are there? Twelve.7.Are they rabbits? No ,they.(不是)
8.How(多少钱)is it? It’s ten yuan.9.What's the weather like today? It's.(晴朗的)
10.This shirt is OK ,but it’s too.(短的)
十.阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,判断对错,(对T,错F)。
Dear John, Thank you for the new shorts.They are cool!It's rainy in Qingdao.It's hot, too.I can wear my new shorts.I have a new shirt ,too.My old shirt is too short.I want a new basketball.It's sixty yuan.It's too expensive.I have a new friend.Her name is Kate.We play together(一起).We go to school at 7:50 and have our school class.After class, We go to the playground.We go home at 4:30.What's the weather like in America? Is it hot? Love, Mike
()
1、Mike has a new pair of boots.()
2、It's rainy and hot in Qingdao.()
3、Kate and Mike go to school at 7:50.()
4、The new basketball is fifty yuan.()
5、The old shirt is too short.
第二篇:四年级英语下册期末试卷
四年级英语下册期末试卷(带答案)
笔试部分(70分)
一、.读一读,选出每组中不同类的单词(10分)
()1.A first B second C forty
()2.A class B lunch C dinner
()3.A cold B warm C art
()4.A music B P.E.C library
()5.A breakfast B playground C art room
二、按要求把右栏前的序号填在左栏前的括号内
(8分)
1.()long(反义词)a.it
2.()my(对应词)b.potatoes.()sheep(复数形式)c.that
4.()hot(反义词)d.sheep
5.()is(复数形式)e.your
6.()this(对应词)f.are
7.()potato(复数形式)g.short
8.()they(单数形式)h.cold
三、单选题,在括号内填序号。分)
(10
()1.Look at those boots.How much ____ they ?
A.is B.are
()2.This is my father.He looks very_______
A.long B.strong
()3.Can I wear my shirt? Yes, you _______.A.can B.can’t
()4.It’s snowy in Harbin.It is very_____, too.A.cold B.hot
()5.What’s the weather like _______ Beijing?
A.on B.in
()6.____shoes are they? They are my brother’s.A.Whose B.Where
()7.How many ______are there in your family?
A.students B.Pen
()8.It is five o’clock.It’s time ____go home.A.for B.to
()9.They’re my uncles.They’re _____.A.pears B.doctors
()10.What are ______? They are cucumbers.A.this B.these
四、B栏里找出A栏的正确答句。(10 分)
A
()1.Are they your ducks?
()2.What is the weather like today ?
()3.What time is it now?.()4.How many horses are there?
()5.Where is the teacher’s office?
()6.What are these ?
B
A.It’s on the first floor.B.No , they aren’t.C.It’s cloudy and cool D.They are hens.E.It’s three o’clock.F.There are four.五、连词成句(12 分)
1、clour , it , is, What
___________________________________?
2、today , warm , is , It
______________________________________.3、for , It , time , math , is , class
_____________________________.4、this, Is , T-shirt , your,_________________________________?
5、it , much , is , How
___________________________________?
6.How , horses are , there, many
_________________________________ ?
六、.把下列句子排成一段完整的对话(10分)
(6)26degrees!That’s cold!
(1)Hi,Chenjie!This is Mark.()It’s 26 degrees.()What’s the weather like in USA?
()It’s rainy.How about Beijing?
()Hi,mark!
()No, it isn’t, it’s warm.七.判断正误,正确的写T,错误的写F。(10分)
My name is John.I’m 12.I like sports very much.I get up at 7:00 today.Oh, it’s time for breakfast.I wear a yellow T-shirt with the blue shorts.At 7:50, I go to school with Mike.We are classmates.Our classroom is on the first floor.It’s big and nice.There are two blackboards, four fans, six lights and many desks and chairs in it.We love our school very much.()1.John likes math very much.()2.John gets up at 7:50.()3.John wears a yellow T-shirt with the blue shorts.()4.The art room is on the first floor.()5.There are six lights in John’s classroom.参考答案:
笔试部分
一、CACCA
二、gedhfcba
三、1-5BBAAB 6-10AABBB
四、BCEFAD
五、1.What clour is it? 2.It is warm today.3.It is time for math class.4.This is your T-shirt.5.How much is it? 6.How many horses are there?
六、6153827
七、FFTFT
第三篇:冀教版四年级英语下册期末试卷
冀教版小学四年级英语试题
一、用英语写出下列月份。
六月 三月 十月 十二月
二、把所给的单词分类。
marker library rainy windy blackboard pencil snowy gloves chalk school cloudy shorts paper socks eraser School things :(学习用品)Places :(处所)Weather :(天气)Clothes :(衣服)
三、选择填空,补全单词。(10分)()1.p_per A.f B.i C.a()2.ch _ _dren A.il B.el C.al()3.Janu__ y A.ea B.ar C.or()4.n__n__ty A.e,e B.i,e C.e,i()5._ _ _ _ty A.eigh B.esgh C.iegh()6.f_ _ ty A.or B.ou C.ur()7.th_ _ty A.ir B.ur C.or()8.f_ _rth A.or B.ou C.ur()9.M_ _ch A.ra B.ar C.re()10.J__ly A.o B.n C.u 四 英汉搭配。(20分)
()1.Teachers’ Day a.International Workers’ Day()2.新年 b.儿童节
()3.in front of c.New Year’s Day()4.在教室里 d.在……前面
()5.under the desk e.in the classroom()6.妇女节 f.教师节
()7.国际劳动节 g.Spring Festival()8.Children’s Day h.国庆节()9.春节 i.在桌子下面()10.National Day j.Women’s Day
五、单项选择,把正确的序号填在题前括号内。()
1、You can call Mr.Wood.A、I B、my C、me()
2、Are you ready English class.A、to B、in C、for()
3、They are books in the library.A、seeing B、reading C、looking()
4、favourite fruit is orange.A、You B、I C、My()
5、is June first.A、Children’s Day B、National Day C、Women’s Day()
6、The school is from my house.A、long B、near C、far()
7、is your birthday ? __ December first.A、What B、When C、Who()
8、Can you point the donut.A、to B、in C、on()
9、What’s your ? __ It’s 858 Ninth Avenue.A、address B、name C、old()
10、I like to play my doll and my skipping rope.A、to B、on C、with()11.How many books do I have ______ my desk? A.in B.at C.on D.for()12.-What_______it?-It’s a pen.A.am B.is C.are D.be()13.Nice______ you again.A.see B.to see C.seeing D.sees()14.Tuesday is the ____ day of the week.A.first B.third C.second D.fifth)15.-What ____ is it?-It’s Sunday.A.time B.weather C.date D.day()16.–What____ is it?-It’s 12:00.A.date B.time C.day D.weather()17.-____ is the Spring Festival?-It’s in January or February.A.When B.What C.How D.Why()18.He is____ ping-pong in the gym.A.to play B.play C.playing D.plays()19.-____ is the weather today? –It is windy.A.What B.How C.When D.Who()20.The boy ____ red shorts is the first.A.by B.in C.on D.at
六、连线.1.What’s your favourite work? A.By car.2.When is lunch? B.I like to read books.3.How do you go to school? C.It’s Saturday.4.What are you wearing? D.It’s twelve o’clock.5.What day is it? E.I’m wearing shorts.五、根据汉语意思,完成下面的句子.1、今天是星期几? day is it today ?
2、你最喜欢的衣服是什么? What is your clothes.3、我们的点心是相同的.Our desserts are the.4、你有多高? How are you ?
5、今天的天气怎么样? How is the today ?
六、连词成句.1、what to like do you do ?
2、you are old how ?
3、you do live where ?
4、how pencils there are many ?
5、school hard work at I 6.lunch for It’s time(.)__________________________________________________ 7.You Are for school ready(?)__________________________________________________ 8.Where the chalk is(?)__________________________________________________ 9.Is This a pencil case(.)__________________________________________________ 10.Close the door(.)__________________________________________________ 七 情景交际。(10分)
()1.下午你遇见Mr.Zhang ,你应说:
A.Good morning, Mr.Zhang.B.Good afternoon, Mr.Zhang.C.Good-bye, Mr.Zhang.()2.询问对方年龄时,你应说:
A.How old are you? B.How are you? C.How is the weather?()3.如果你想知道对方姓名时,你应说:
A.Who are you? B.How are you? C.What’s your name?()4.你刚认识一位新朋友时,你应说:
A.How are you? B.Thanks.C.Nice to meet you.()5.当你把Li Lei介绍给别人时,你应说:
A.Hello.B.Fine, thanks.C.This is Li Lei
八、阅读短文,回答问题.There are seven days in a week.They are Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday.Sunday is the first day of the week.In Sunday , I am playing cards with my friends.Monday is the second.We are walking to school.Tuesday is the third.I often doing my homework.Wednesday is the fourth.We are flying kites in the park.Thursday is the fifth.We doing my math.Friday is the sixth.Ware working hard at school.Saturday is the seventh.We are having fun together.()
1、There are days in a week.A、six B、five C、seven()
2、What is the first day of a week ?.A、Monday B、Saturday C、Sunday()
3、What am I doing in Tuesday ?.A、do my homework.B、fly kites.C、do my math.()
4、The fifth day of a week is.A、Friday B、Thursday C、Wednesday()
5、In Saturday , we are.A、doing my homework B、flying kites C、having fun together Hello!My name is Lucy.I am a girl.I am nine years old.I have a good friend.Her name is Tina.She is ten years old.I like playing ping-pong.Now, I am in the library.She is playing ping-pong with Steven in the gym.()1.Is Lucy a boy or girl? A.A boy.B.A girl.C.A dog.()2.How old is Lucy? A.Nine.B.Ten.C.Eight.()3.What’s Lucy’s friend’s name? A.Tina B.Steven.C.Jenny()4.How old is Tina? A.Nine.B.Ten.C.Six.()5.What does Tina like to do? A.She likes to play ping-pong.B.She likes to read books.C.She likes to watch TV.
第四篇:人教新课标四年级语文下册期末试卷及答案
人教新课标四年级语文下册期末试卷及答案
班级
姓名
分数
一、我会拼,我会写。(10分)
zhì
gān
shù
1.最真()的朋友,应该()胆相照,对朋友的过错应宽(),互相倾诉 fèi fǔ
()()之言。
ā yí
jiàn kāng
chàng 2.()()告诉我,要让自己的身心()(),必须保持心情舒()。二、一锤定音。(给带点的字选择正确的读音)。(5分)1.边塞(sài sè)大臣(chéng chén)美满婚姻(hūn fēn)2.调(diào tiǎo)动。损失(shǔn sǔn)大街小巷(hàng xiàng)3.营长(yún yíng)湖畔(pàn bàn)痴心妄想(cī chī)。
4.呈现(chéng chén)沼泽(zhǎo zǎo)展翅飞翔(qiáng xiáng)。
三、写出与下列成语意思相反的成语。(6分)狼吞虎咽_______ 一丝不苟_____ 心不在焉
昂首挺胸 疲惫不堪 水平如镜
四、划去不是同一类的词。(3分)
1.燕子 演奏 学校 爸爸 松鼠。2.祖国 宁静 笔直 飞奔 漆黑。3.白菜 茄子 冬瓜 辣椒 西瓜。
五、根据要求填空。(10分)
1.尊老爱幼是传统美德,孟子告诫我们:,。
2、乡村四月,子规啼鸣,农民忙着在田野播种,让你想起诗人翁卷的诗句。
3.巴金爷爷告诉我们,生命的意义在于。而不是。
4.雷锋叔叔在日记中写道:人到生命是,可是
5.看到有雾的天气,你会想起农谚:,。
六、按要求做题。(6分)1.怎么会就剩下我一个?(改为陈述句。)
—————————————————————————。2.每一位过河的老人都登上了那只小船。(缩句,缩成最简单)——————————————————————————
3.有这种思想的只是极个别的少数几个同学。(修改病句。)
—————————————————————。4.湖面平静。(把句子写具体)。
5.教室里很安静。(改成夸张句)。
6.爸爸教我做小飞机。爸爸给我讲飞机飞行的原理。(用关联词连成一句话)。
七、用“然”字组词填空。(5分)1.这样浩大的工程()只用了十个月就完成了。2.风平浪静的海面()狂风大作。
3.爷爷的身体()能预报天气,昨天他喊关节痛,今天()就下雨了。4.取得一点成绩就骄傲的人等待他的()是失败。
八、给下面加“____”字选择正确解释,把字母填在括号里。(8分)
“面”:A面孔、脸。B量词。C表示事物的表面。D粉末。1.一面五星红旗迎风招展。()2.妈妈买回一袋面粉。()3.他面带带微笑。()
4.树叶上面有小虫子。()
九、快乐阅读。(22分)课内阅读(7分)
又过了十几天,扁鹊老远望见蔡桓公,只看了几眼,就掉头跑了。蔡桓公觉得奇怪,派人去问他:“扁鹊,你这次见了大王,为什么一声不响,就悄悄地跑掉了?”扁鹊解释道:“皮肤病用热水敷烫就能够治好;发展到皮肉之间,用针扎的办法可以治好;发展到肠胃里,服几剂汤药也能治好;一旦深入骨髓,只能等死,医生再也无能为力了。现在大王的病已经深入骨髓,我不再请求给他医治!”。
1.读读这段话,写出蔡桓公的病在体内的发展变化过程。(3分)皮肤里──()──()──—()
2.蔡桓公曾三次拒绝扁鹊给他治病。有人说,扁鹊也有责任,因为他不太会说话,见面就说蔡桓公有病,使得他不高兴,不听劝告。如果你是扁鹊,当时你会怎么劝说呢?(2分)
3.你读过其它给你启发的寓言故事吗?写出两个。(2分)课外阅读(15)
一棵树上的两种果实
有两户人家相邻而居,以院墙相隔,墙东栽了一棵石榴,墙西栽了一棵樱桃。
开花时节,姹紫嫣红,分外妖娆。两家人经常坐在树下乘凉、吃饭,因为有了两棵树,他们的生活五彩缤纷。时间久了,两棵树的枝条开始向外生长,逐渐蔓过了院墙的界限,石榴的枝条跑向了墙西,而樱桃的枝条也悄无声息地伸向了东邻。又到了开花时节。东家开始给石榴打药了,因为石榴树上生了许多的虫子。他给石榴打完药,仔细观察了一番,竟然发现樱桃蔓过来的枝条上也有害虫。他想了想,觉得这可能是因为自家的石榴引起的。于是,他重新配了药,沿着蔓过来的枝条将药打在樱桃枝上。过了几天,他竟发现所有的害虫消灭得无影无踪。他感到很快乐。
一场大风后,残花遍地,西家人动手给樱桃破损的枝条进行了捆绑。捆绑完时,突然发现越过院墙的石榴也是体无完肤,他想,东家的主人可能出差了,要是几天不回来,石榴就会错过花期。他想着想着就动起手来,也将石榴的残枝进行了修理。几天之后,两棵树又是一片生机盎然。
果实成熟的季节到了,东家的孩子看见蔓过来的樱桃,他哭着要吃。西家的主人听见了,对东家说:“ ”东家觉得过意不去,便将自家的石榴摘下许多,送给了西家。这两家人和谐相处,种了一棵树,却能吃到两种果实。
生命也是一棵华美的树。如果我们想使自己的生命同时拥有两种果实,那么,你就允许别人的枝条伸到自己的世界里,同时,你也要学会将自己的成果 到别人面前。1.选择一个恰当的词写在最后以自然的横线上。(2分)2.联系上下文,解释词语。(2分)悄无声息: 体无完肤:
3.在第6段中,结合上下文猜猜西家的主人会怎么说,请填在文中的横线上。(2分)4.用简练的语言概括第4、5、自然段的意思。(4分)
5.画横线的句子是描写,从这2句话,你体会到了什么?(2分)6.举例子,写出自己对最后一段话的理解。(3分)
十、习作与表达。(25分)
在我们身边,有很多值得敬佩的人。选择其中的一位,通过具体事例,表达出你对他的敬佩之情。
附加题:
一、发挥想象,将下列句子写得生动形象。(8分)
树林里的树。有的像,有的像,还有的像。走进这片树林,你就像走进了。
二、根据意思写词语(4分)
确切地相信()非常地相信()
坚决地相信()对自己怀有信心地叫()忠实地信仰地叫()履行自己的诺言叫()取得别人的信任叫()讲究诚实和信用叫()
三、写出下列歇后语中的人物名(8分)
()写字——入木三分。()大意失荆州——骄兵必败。()打()——一个愿打一个愿挨。其中()()()是三国时期的人物。()是汉代的人物。
参考答案:
一、挚 肝 恕 肺腑 阿姨 健康 畅
二、sài chén hūn yíng pàn chīchéng zhǎo xiáng
三、细嚼慢咽 马马虎虎 专心致志 垂头上气 精神抖擞 波澜壮阔
四、演奏 祖国 西瓜
五、1.老吾老,以及人之老,幼吾幼,以及人之幼。2.乡村四月闲人少,才了蚕桑又插田。3.付出、在于给予,接受,也不是争取。4.有限的,可是为人民服务是无限的。5.春雾风,夏雾晴,秋雾阴,冬雾雪。
六、1.不只是剩我一个。2.老人上小船。
3.有这种思想的只是极个别的同学。4.略 5.略
6.爸爸一边教我做飞机一边给我讲飞机飞行的原理。
七、居然 突然 竟然 果然 必然
八、B D A C
九、课内1.皮肉 肠胃 骨髓2.略 3.略 课外1.奉献2.没有任何动静。形容全身没有一点完好的地方,这里指树枝被大风吹断了。3.等着,我给你家送些过来。4.西家人动手给樱桃破损的枝条进行了捆绑时,也将从东家伸过来的石榴的残枝进行了修理。两家相互送果子。5.邻居之间应和睦相处。6.略 附加题: 1.略
2.确信 深信 坚信 自信 笃信 守信 取信 诚信 3.王羲之 关羽 周瑜 黄盖 关羽 周瑜 黄盖 王羲之
第五篇:外研社四年级英语下册期末试卷
四年级英语下册期末试卷
Class:_______ Name: ________ Mark:___________ 一.补充单词并写出汉语。(10分)V_ _ce
th_ nk
f_ _ st
qu _ _t
c_ty L_ _gh
S_t_rday
w_ _ther r_ gh_
f_ m_ _s 二.英语互译。(20)
country ___________ project __________________ computer ___________
pop music_______________ 打电话_________ 发烧__________跳舞____________ 英国 ___________
首都 ____________
发生____________ 家务___________ 有一天_____________ 头疼____________ 表兄(妹)______________ 祖父母 _____________
昨天_______________口渴的___________停止_____________ 胃疼_________________西瓜_______________ 三.按要求写单词。(12分)
go(过去式)__________ buy(过去式)_______________ have(过去式)_____________do(过去式)______________ cook(过去式)___________watch(过去式)______________ help(过去式)______________carry(过去式)______________ I(宾格)________________he(宾格)______________ book(复数)_____________child(复数)_________________ 四.把下列单词排列成一句话。(10)1.Beijing China
capital
the
is
of _____________________________________ 2.Sam bike his fell off
_____________________________________ 3.pop likes
Amy
music
_____________________________________ 4.USA
called it’s
the
also _____________________________________ 5.Lingling is better than Daming
_____________________________________ 六.选择正确的答案。(20分)()1.Beijing is _________than Tianjin.A.biger.B.bigger.C.on
()2.______ Sunday I ‘ll go to the park.A.in
B.C.on
()3.People _______ English in America..A.speak
B.speaks
C.speaked()4.It will _____windy in Beijing.A.am
B.is
C.are
()5.The watermelon _______ my head.A.bumped
B.bump C.bumping()6.On Tuesday ,I will ____with my friends.A.play
B.plays
C.playing
()7.Sam and Daming ______ for a bike ride yesterday.A.go
B.going
C.went()8.Yesterday grandma _______ fish..A.do
B.cook
C.cooked()9.It’s a
book _______England.A.of
B.at
C.about()10.Washington D.C is ____the east.A.at B.in C.on 八.翻译下列句子。(10分)1.这个女孩好。
_______________________________________ 2.纽约在东边。
______________________________________ 3.北京是中国的首都。
_____________________________________ 4.我帮了妈妈。
______________________________________ 5.我两岁了。
______________________________________ 6.他们老了。._______________________________________ 7.我比玲玲大。
_______________________________________ 8.大明感冒了。
_______________________________________ 9.Sam had lots if chocolate bicuits._______________________________________ 10.I think this girl is better than the first girl._______________________________________ 九.回答问题。(11分)
1.Do you agree ?
肯定回答:_______________否定回答:_______________ 2.Did dad cook lunch?
肯定回答:_______________否定回答:_______________ 3.Where do you live ?
__________________________________________ 4.Where is Tibet?.________________________________________ 5.What is the capital of
Tibet? _______________________________________ 6.What happened to Sam’s head?
________________________________________ 7.What will you do on Monday ? _______________________________________ 8.Who is they , Daming ?(改错)
_______________________________________
9.Yesterday my mum cook fish.(改错)___________________________________________
十、为你的假期制定一个计划。(7)
_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________