高中英语语法句子结构

第一篇：高中英语语法句子结构

英语语法——句子结构

在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋谓）

二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）

四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）主+谓

1.S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）

Time flies.1)S + V + adverbial(状语）

Birds sing beautifully.2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）

He went on holiday.3)S + Vi+ Infinitive(不定式）

We stopped to have a rest.4)S + Vi+ Participle(分词）

I'll go swimming.主+谓+宾

1)S + Vt + N/Pron

I like music.I like her.2)S + Vt + to do(不定式）

I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

3)S + Vt + doing I enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

4)S + Vt + That-从句

I don't think(that)he is right.常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, doubt, expect, explain, feel...主+系+表

S(主）+ V（谓）（lv)(系动词）+ P（表）

We are Chinese.除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。

1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）

He is a boy.This is mine.2)S + Lv + Adj（形容词）

She is beautiful.3)S + Lv + Adv(副词）

Class is over.4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.5)S + Lv + Participle(分词）

He is excited.The film is interesting.主+谓+间宾+直宾

S(主）+ VT（谓）+ Oi（间接 宾）+ Od（直接宾）

I give you help.1)S + Vt + N/Pron + N I sent him a book.I bought May a book.上述句型可以变为：S + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.2)S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clause

He told me that the film was great.常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。3)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do.常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.主+谓+宾+宾补

S(主）+ Vt（谓）+ O（宾）+ C（宾补）

I make you clear.1)S + Vt + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。

2)S + Vt + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3)S + Vt + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.4)S + Vt+ N/Pron + to do I wish you to stay.I made him work 常用于这句型的动词有：

5)S + Vt + N/Pron + Participle(分词）

I heard my name called.I feel something moving.6)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive(不定式）

He show me how to do it.常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。句子的扩展 常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是

各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。

We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

第二篇：高中英语语法句子的种类讲解

高中英语语法句子的种类讲解

高中英语句子种类 按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，句子按其结构可以分为简单句

并列句和复合句，本为将为你讲解这些知识，希望大家支持本站，你有什么好的文章请发布到本站

（一）按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如：

Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）

The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）

2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：

a.一般疑问句（General Questions）：

Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？

b.特殊疑问句（Wh-Questions）：

Where do you live? 你住那儿？

c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：

Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？

d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：

He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？

3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如：

Don't be nervous!别紧张！

4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如：What good news it is!多好的消息啊！

（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：

1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：

She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。

2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：

The food was good, but he had little appetite.食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。

3）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。例如：

The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。

（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：

1)主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。

2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。

3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。

4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的。

5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

第三篇：英语语法系列讲座之三——句子结构及复合句

语法系列讲座之三

句子结构及复合句

一、句子结构

英语的句子分为三种：简单句、并列句和复合句，其中并列句和复合句又是由若干个简单句所组成的。

简单句：The train arrives.The sea had become calm again.并列句：They must stay in water, or they will die.It is not cheap, but it is very good.复合句：The office that deals with passports is upstairs.When he woke up, the sea had become calm again.简单句的基本结构有五种： 1.主语＋谓语 Things change.2.主语＋连系动词＋表语 Trees are green.3.主语＋谓语＋宾语

My sister will fix everything.4.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语/间接宾语 He bought his wife a ring.5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 I found the book easy.其他的各种句子结构都是由这五种句型转换、缩略或扩展而成。由于表达意义的复杂化，句子与句子之间衔接照应，修辞的使用和语言省略的原则等使得原本很简单的这五种句子的基本结构在实际的使用中呈现了复杂化、多样化的趋势，因此常常造成了阅读的障碍。

二、复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。由于在句中的作用不同，从句大体上可分为三种：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。I、名词性从句

1．主语从句

（1）结构：主语（一个句子）＋谓语＋…如： That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all.Whether he will come or not isn’t clear.What he said at the meeting is very important.How this happened is still a question.Who will win the game is clear.（2）It is/was +形容词/过去分词/名词＋主语从句。如： It’s interesting that you should like the book.It’s a pity that we can’t go there with you now.It is not decided when the match will begin.（3）主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Where they have gone is not known yet.（4）That 引导主语从句时一般不可以省略。如： That he was elected monitor made us satisfied.（5）“是否”引导主语从句用“whether”，而不用“if”。如： Whether he will join us or not doesn’t make any difference.2．宾语从句

（1）结构：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋从句（宾语从句）如： I think that he is quite right to go there so early.Who can tell me when he left the school?（2）…＋介词＋从句（宾语从句）。如：

Can you say something about how we can solve the problem? Pay more attention to what I am saying.（3）主语＋谓语（find, made, consider等）＋it +形容词＋宾语从句。如： He found it important that he should study the situation in the United States.I consider it necessary that we often use spoken English.（4）主语＋be sure(glad, certain, afraid, happy 等)＋宾语从句。如： I’m sure that they will watch the football match.I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.注意：that 引导宾语从句时在句中不作任何成分，一般可以省略。

3．表语从句

（1）结构：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。如：

The question is who can solve such a difficult problem.It looks as if it’s going to rain.That’s what she is worrying about.（2）句型：The reason why/for which…is that…“…的原因是因为…”，这里的that不能用because替代。如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.The reason for which she didn’t come was that she was ill.4．同位语从句

同位语从句放在名词后用来说明该名词的具体内容，这种名词主要包括：news, fact, idea, view, promise, thought, truth等。如：

The news that their team has won the basketball match surprised everyone.The truth that he was badly injured made us very sad.II.定语从句

定语从句是一个句子作定语，修饰名词或代词，放在所修饰的词后。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导从句并在从句中充当一定句子成分的词叫引导词。引导词主要有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why等。III.状语从句

状语从句主要有以下几种：（1）以when, as, while, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment/second that等引导的时间状语从句。

（2）以if, unless, once, as/so long as等引导的条件状语从句。（3）以where, wherever 等引导的地点状语从句。（4）（5）以because, since, as, for等引导的原因状语从句。

以though, although, ever if/though, no matter how(what, when…)等引导的让步状语从句。

（6）以so that, so/such… that等引导的结果状语从句。（7）以in order that, so that等引导的目的状语从句。（8）以(just)as, as if/though等引导的方式状语从句。

（9）以than, as…as, not so(as)…as等引导的比较状语从句。

Exercise

1.Please speak louder _____ we can hear more clearly.a.for

b.because c.as

d.so that 2.I won’t go to bed _____ I’ve finished my homework.a.while

b.where c.when

d.until 3._____ she was very tired, she went on working without any rest.a.For

b.Though c.As

d.Since 4.Difficulties are nothing _____ you are not afraid of them.a.for

b.as c.if

d.whether 5.The building _____ face the south is our college lab.a.whose doors

b.the door of whom c.which doors

d.the door of which 6.The ship was sailing in the sea, in the middle of _____ stood an island.a.it

b.which c.that

d.this 7.Can you tell me the name of the factory _____ you visited last week? a.what

b.where c.then

d./ 8.Let’s discuss the questions _____ we are interested in.a.which

b.as c.about which

d.those 9.It seems _____ he has never met the woman.a.that

b.how c.whether

d.why 10._____ the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.a.That

b.What c.How

d.Which 11.They have no idea at all _____.a.where he has gone

b.where did he go c.which place had he gone

d.where has he gone 12.The reason why he is not here is _____ he is ill in bed now.a.that

b.what c.how

d.why 13.This book is for the students _____ native language is not English.a.that

b.which c.whose

d.of which 14.Did you tell your mother all _____ you had seen on your way home? a.that

b.what c.why

d.how 15.I’ll leave him a note _____ he’ll know where we are.a.so that

b.now that c.that

d.in order 16._____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a.If

b.Whether c.That

d.Where 17.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a small child.a.which

b.where c.that

d.when 18._____ he arrives at seven, he cannot catch the bus.a.Since

b.Unless c.As

d.When 19._____ from Beijing to London!a.How long there is

b.What a long way it is c.What distance is there

d.How long is 20.You shouldn’t tell anybody _____ I’ve told you.a.which

b.that c.whom

d.what Answers:

1-5 DDBCA

6-10 BDAAA 11-15 AACAA

16-20 BBBBD 4

第四篇：高中英语语法学习心得

高中英语语法学习顺口溜

来源:4221学习网整理 | 作者:未知 | 本文已影响 731 人

编辑推荐·高中|名师在线视频1对1辅导 高一入口 高二入口 高三入口 ·初中|名师在线视频1对1辅导 初一入口 初二入口 初三入口

动词为纲“滚雪球” 难易编组抓循环 同类归纳印象深 图示介词最直观 混淆多因形音义 反义词语成对念 构词方法不可忘习惯用语集中练 词不离句法最好 课外阅读莫间断

be 的用法口诀

我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

时间名词前所用介词的速记歌

年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。

记住f(e)结尾的名词复数

妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

巧记48个国际音标

单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

其他

非谓语动词的一些特殊用法 后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词 动词后，不定式，want, hope和wish，agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且说两位算在此，要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。

后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握，have, let和make, 此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记

本篇文章来源于 【42

21学习网】除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词 特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”，“坚持”“练习”必“完成”，“延期”“避免”非“介意” 掌握它们今必行。

动名词在句中的功能及其它

“动名”语法其功能，名词特征有动、形，主宾表定都可作，“动名”、“现分”要认清，“现分”不作“宾”和“主”，动名作“状”可不行。二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，主谓关系视分词，“动名”一词无此义。

现在分词形式及在句子中的作用（包括过去分词的作用）： 现在分词真好记，动词后面ING。它的作用真不小，可以充当定状表。还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。

分词做定语的位置及其它

“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。

“现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。（注：“定分”：做定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词。）

分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义 分词做状语，概有七意义。“ 时间”和“原因”，“结果”与“目的”。“方式”加“伴随”，“条件”常出席。且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。欲要记住它，必须常练习。（*指句子的主语）

独立主格结构

独立结构要认清：名、代之后副或形。或是分词或“介短”，with结构不可轻，名代二词是其“主”，句子结构必分明。独立结构好掌握 句中作用只一个：

千变万化皆做“状”，其中意义也不多。“时间”“条件”和“原因”，“方式”“伴随”没别的。“状从”和其前三个，可以互变不难学。

本篇文章来源于 【4221

学习网】

第五篇：高中英语语法教案

高中英语语法教案

Teaching Goals:

1.To enable Ss to know about the way to express possibility and improbability.2.To enable Ss to master the usage of “may”, “might”, and “likely”.3.To help Ss learn how to use modal verbs “may” and “might” to express conjecture.Teaching Procedures: Step 1.Revision

Check the answers to the Vocabulary exercises in the Workbook.Step 2.Function 1.Ask Ss to do Activity 1 on page 54 and call back the answers.Then give them the correct answers.2.Ask Ss to identify the creatures in the pictures in Activity 4 on page 55, by using “may” or “might”.Arouse their interest in talking about possibility.3.Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 54 individually.Then check their answers.Step 3.Grammar

1.Leading-in

Ask Ss to work in groups and discuss the question in Activity 1 of Grammar on page 57.Then give them the right answer.2.Explanation

Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened in the past—perhaps.(1)对过去的事情进行猜测，但把握较小时，肯定形式一般用may have done，否定形式一般用may not have done。如：

He may have gone back home, because he didn’t say he would take part in her birthday party.He may not have paid for the bill, because he had lost his job.(2)对过去的事情进行猜测，但把握更小时，肯定形式一般用might have done，否定形式用might not have done。如：

They helped send her bat to the hospital;otherwise, she thought, the baby might have died.She might not have left home when I got to school.(3)对过去的事情进行猜测，并且可能性较大时，肯定形式一般用must have done，否定形式一般用can’t have done。如：

Your score is the highest;you must have studied very hard.You can’t have seen her in her office last Friday;she’s been out of town for two weeks.3.Practice Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 57.Then call back the answers and correct them.4.Supplements

Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened at present—perhaps.用来表猜测的情态动词有：must, can, may等，但它们所表示可能性是不同的。(1)对现在的事情进行猜测，并且可能性较大时，肯定形式一般用must加动词原形，此时，must不再表示“必须”，而是表示“肯定”；否定形式一般用can’t加动词原形，此时，can不再表示“能够”，而是表示“肯定不„„”。如：

I saw him go out just now.He can’t be in his own room.It must be Linda in the classroom, because she is on duty today.(2)对现在的事情进行猜测，但把握较小时，肯定形式一般用may加动词原形，此时，may不再表示“可以”，而是表示“可能”；否定形式一般用may not加动词原形。如：

He may tell the truth to his father.She may not angry because she is good-tempered.(3)对现在的事情进行猜测，但把握更小时，肯定形式一般用might加动词原形；否定形式一般用might not加动词原形。如：

She might not be angry because she usually is very patient.He might be at home now, but I’m not sure.(4)情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。如： At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.Doctor Wang isn’t here.He might be giving a lecture in the hall.(5)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。如： Your mother must have been looking for you.The light was on the whole night.He may have been doing his homework all the time.5.Consolidation

Ask Ss to translate the following sentences.(1)他们也许错过了那班飞机。

(2)快点！他们正在机场等我们。

(3)Tom是个诚实的孩子。他今晚可能会把真相告诉他父亲。

(4)他五年前来看过我，他也许不费劲就能找到我的住处。Step 4.Homework

1.Ask Ss to review Grammar.2.Ask Ss to finish Grammar exercises in the Workbook pages 97~98.