第一篇：2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案与解析
2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2.为了让孩子独立, 父母应该„„
How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
...Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots Remedy
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.And when joggers(慢跑者)jog, they don’t run the streets.Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river.It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived(丧失).I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London.These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(多动症).Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%;those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground.A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment.In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy(等级)based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead.But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying(恃强凌弱)is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石)playground;the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore.This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage.So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs.Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world.The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals(哺乳动物).For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature.Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life.Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world.It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness.Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised.Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural world
Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof.Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space.In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine.Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself;the second best way is in company.Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries.Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs.That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills.Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees.Go somewhere special and bring specialness home.It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.What is the author’s profound belief?
[A] People instinctively seek nature in different ways.[B] People should spend most of their lives in the wild.[C] People have quite different perceptions of nature.[D] People must make more efforts to study nature.2.What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?
[A] Personal freedom.[B] Things that are natural.[C] Urban surroundings.[D] Things that are purchased.3.What does a study in Sweden show?
[A] The natural environment can help children learn better.[B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.[C] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.[D] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.4.Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.[A] tend to develop a strong love for science
[B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife
[C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthood
[D] are less likely to be involved in bullying
5.What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?
[A] Find more effective drugs for them.[B] Provide more green spaces for them.[C] Place them under more personal care.[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.6.In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?
[A] They look on life optimistically.[C] They are able to live longer.[B] They enjoy a life of better quality.[D] They become good-humoured.7.Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ________.[A] humanity and nature are complementary to each other
[B] wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people
[C] access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence
[D] it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged
8.It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be________________________.9.The author believes that we would not be so civilised without ________________________.10.The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.[A] The man should visit the museums.[C] The beach resort is a good choice.[B] She can’t stand the hot weather.[D] She enjoys staying in Washington.12.[A] Her new responsibilities in the company.[B] What her job prospects are.[C] What the customers’ feedback is.[D] The director’s opinion of her work.13.[A] Combine her training with dieting.[B] Repeat the training every three days.[C] Avoid excessive physical training.[D] Include weightlifting in the program.14.[A] When she will return home.[B] Whether she can go by herself.[C] Whether she can travel by air.[D] When she will completely recover.15.[A] The woman knows how to deal with the police.[B] The woman had been fined many times before.[C] The woman had violated traffic regulations.[D] The woman is good at finding excuses.16.[A] Switch off the refrigerator for a while.[B] Have someone repair the refrigerator.[C] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.[D] Buy a refrigerator of better quality.17.[A] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.[B] He has got enough money to buy a house.[C] He can finally do what he has dreamed of.[D] He is moving into a bigger apartment.18.[A] She is black and blue all over.[B] She has to go to see a doctor.[C] She stayed away from work for a few days.[D] She got hurt in an accident yesterday.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A] She was a bank manager.[B] She was a victim of the robbery.[C] She was a defence lawyer.[D] She was a witness to the crime.20.[A] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.[B] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.[C] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.[D] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.21.[A] Identify the suspect from pictures.[C] Have her photo taken for their files.[B] Go upstairs to sign some document.[D] Verify the record of what she had said.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.[A] By reading a newspaper ad.[C] By listening to the morning news.[B] By seeing a commercial on TV.[D] By calling an employment service.23.[A] She could improve her foreign languages.[B] She could work close to her family.[C] She could travel overseas frequently.[D] She could use her previous experiences.24.[A] Taking management courses.[C] Working as a secretary.[B] Teaching English at a university.[D] Studying for a degree in French.25.[A] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.[B] Read the advertisement again for more details.[C] Send in a written application as soon as possible.[D] Get to know the candidates on the short list.Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.[A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.[B] They do not realize the danger they are in.[C] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.[D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters.27.[A] He travels all over America to help put out fires.[B] He often teaches children what to do during a fire.[C] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.[D] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.28.[A] He saved the life of his brother choking on food.[B] He rescued a student from a big fire.[C] He is very good at public speaking.[D] He gives informative talks to young children.29.[A] Firefighters play an important role in America.[B] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.[C] Carelessness can result in tragedies.[D] Informative speeches can save lives.Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.[A] To satisfy the needs of their family.[B] To fully realize their potential.[C] To make money for early retirement.[D] To gain a sense of their personal worth.31.[A] They may have to continue to work in old age.[B] They may regret the time they wasted.[C] They may have nobody to depend on in the future.[D] They may have fewer job opportunities.32.[A] Making wise use of your time.[B] Enjoying yourself while you can.[C] Saving as much as you can.[D] Working hard and playing hard.Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.[A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating.[B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.[C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.[D] Junior employees being made to work overtime.34.[A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.[B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.[C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.[D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time.35.[A] He was taken to the manager.[C] He was asked to leave.[B] He was closely watched.[D] He was overcharged.Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
Writing keeps us in touch with other people.We write to communicate with relatives and friends.We write to(36)_____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and(37)_____________their heritage(传统).With computers and Internet connections in so many(38)_____________, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online(39)_____________ rooms.It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more(40)_____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone(41)_____________ to drop.Students are e-mailing their professors to(42)_____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to(43)_____________ them.They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate(合作)on homework.(44)__________________________________________________________.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need
for
the
personal
letter.(45)____________________________________________________.No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, “I want you to know that I care about you.”(46)____________________________________________________________________, but only in the success of human relationships.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47.The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics.Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial.Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color.But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment.Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits.From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process.However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
[A] abilities [I] extent
[B] achieve [J] indicates
[C] appeal [K] proceeds
[D] complaints [L] psychological
[E] contributions [M] raised
[F] displayed [N] smart
[G] essentially [O] standard
[H] eventually
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia(学术界)outweigh any financial considerations.Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge.Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career.Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical(制药的)company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher.He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition(转换)to academia more attractive, according to Lee.Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development.“Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career.So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57.By “a one-way street”(Line 1, Para.1), the author means ________.[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world
[B] there is little exchange between industry and academia
[C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
[D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research
58.The word “deterrent”(Line 2, Para.1)most probably refers to something that ________.[A] keeps someone from taking action [C] attracts people’s attention
[B] helps to move the traffic [D] brings someone a financial burden
59.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
[A] Flexible work hours.[C] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.[B] Her research interests.[D] Prospects of academic accomplishments.60.Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.[A] do financially more rewarding work
[B] raise his status in the academic world
[C] enrich his experience in medical research
[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities
61.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
[A] Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.[B] Develop its students’ potential in research.[C] Help it to obtain financial support from industry.[D] Gear its research towards practical applications.Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life.Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(长寿)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship.The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers(鳏夫)were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s.The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate.Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart.Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke.There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.Even so, the odds favour marriage.In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological(生理的)mechanisms.For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life.People in supportive relationships may handle stress better.Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100.The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62.William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness
[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
[C] women benefit more than men from marriage
[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
63.Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.[A] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
[B] marriage can help make up for ill health
[C] the married are happier than the unmarried
[D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
64.It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side”(Line 4, Para.2)refers to _________.[A] the disadvantages of being married
[B] the emotional problems arising from marriage
[C] the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
[D] the consequence of a broken marriage
65.What does the author say about social networks?
[A] They have effects similar to those of a marriage.[B] They help develop people’s community spirit.[C] They provide timely support for those in need.[D] They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.66.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] It’s important that we develop a social network when young.[B] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.[C] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.[D] We should share our social networks with each other.Part Ⅴ Cloze(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Over half the world’s people now live in cities.The latest “Global Report on Human Settlements” says a significant change took place last year.The report 67 this week from U.N.Habitat, a United Nations agency.A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities.69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people.Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities.Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world.Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75.The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day.It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better.Another issue is urban sprawl(无序扩展的城区).This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth.Sprawl is 82 in the United States.Americans move a lot.In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones.He sees a 84 toward “de-urbanization” across the nation.85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not.67.[A] came on [C] came over
[B] came off [D] came out
68.[A] more [C] less
[B] other [D] rather
69.[A] By [C] Along
[B] Through [D] To
70.[A] really [C] ever
[B] barely [D] almost
71.[A] flourishing [C] thriving
[B] developed [D] fertile
72.[A] extension [C] raise
[B] addition [D] growth
73.[A] keep [C] lead
[B] turn [D] refer
74.[A] pressure [C] restraint
[B] load [D] weight
75.[A] surroundings [C] concerns
[B] communities [D] services
76.[A] onto [C] around
[B] into [D] upon
77.[A] pulled [C] drawn
[B] driven [D] pressed
78.[A] situation [C] treasure
[B] wealth [D] category
79.[A] when [C] unless
[B] if [D] whereas
80.[A] expand [C] invade
[B] split [D] enlarge
81.[A] in [C] with
[B] beyond [D] at
82.[A] common [C] ordinary
[B] conventional [D] frequent
83.[A] essential [C] primitive
[B] prior [D] major
84.[A] trend [C] direction
[B] style [D] path
85.[A] Then [C] For
[B] But [D] While
86.[A] abilities [C] possibilities
[B] qualities [D] realities
Part VI Translation(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。
87.________________________________________________________(为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance.88.The magnificent museum ________________________________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.89.There
would
be
no
life
on
earth ___________________________________________(没有地球独特的环境).90.___________________________________(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.91.They requested that __________________________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.作文范文：
版本一：
Help Children to Be Independent
Thanks to the “family plan”policy,today in China many families have one child.Loving and caring for children is an old Chinese tradition that has remained for thousands of years.But the children are spoilt so much that they have less independence.They rely on their parents in everything.That is bad for a child's growing.Therefore,parents should develop the children's independence instead of doing everything for them.There are some ways to help children to be independent.First of all,you should believe your children can do the things well.Second,give them more chances to practise,when they don't know how to do it,just tell them the way.Third,don't be afraid to see them fail.In the beginning,they may do something bad.But don't worry,just let them try again.They can do the work as well as you if given more time.To be independent is good for the children.A child who is independent will succeed easily in the future.版本二：
Part Ⅰ
Writing
How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage.Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent.The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood.Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator.And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1.A)People instinctively seek nature in different ways.解析：第一段最后一句直接给出关键字profound belief, whether 引导的从句对应答案中的instinctively
2.D)Things that are purchased.解析：第二段最后一句，what is best对应题目中的prefer, that is to say作为暗示直接引出之后的things that can be bought,选择D
3.B)More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.解析：题干中有关瑞典研究，定位到第四段第一句，结合语义，不难得出B的正确答案
4.D)are less likely to be involved in bullying
解析：A选项具有干扰性，第三段结尾给出自然熏陶能够提高学生学科水平的线索，但考虑到快速阅读题的传统，即题目顺序对应文章顺序，所以应该定位到第四段之后的内容，即大段有关bullying的段落，得出答案D。
5.B)Provide more green spaces for them.解析：对应第八段内容，作者通过否定患儿对药物的依赖性来给出自己的建议，结合全文主旨自然环境的重要性，得出B答案
6.B)They enjoy a life of better quality.解析：第九段第二句点出老龄人口增长的侧重点是在高质量的生活水平上，紧接着又指出绿色的生活方式是达到该种高质量生活水平的最重要因素。
7.C)access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence
解析：十一段引文中can reduce violent behavior，直接对应C选项
8.separated
解析：题干是有关人们错误观念的问题，找到倒数第三段的关键段error引导的内容，再对应到humanity and the natural world，得出separated(照抄原文separable与can重复，separable本身词义即能够分离的)
9.the wild world
解析：最后一段第二句直接命中题干，照抄the wild world即可。
10.harmony
解析：最后几段内容的小标题直接给出harmony
版本二：
1.people instinltively
2.things purchused
3.more access
4.are less
5.provide
6.they enjoy
7.access to
8.separable things
9.the wild world
10.harmony 听力： 版本一：
Part Ⅲ
Listening Comprehension
Section A
短对话(11~18)
答案及解析：
11.A)The man should visit the museums.B)She can’t stand the hot weather.C)The beach resort is a good choice.D)She enjoys staying in Washington.答案：D
解析：Woman最后说到I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。
12.A)Her new responsibilities in the company.B)What her job prospects are.C)What the customers’ feedback is.D)The director’s opinion of her work.答案：D
解析：Woman说到but I wish the director would give me some feedback.这表明了她希望得到director的意见(即反馈)，故选D。
13.A)Combine her training with dieting.B)Repeat the training every three days.C)Avoid excessive physical training.D)Include weightlifting in the program.答案：C
解析：Man以自己上次因运动(举重)过量而受伤为例，建议女士应该量力而行，避免过量运动，故选C。
14.A)When she will return home.B)Whether she can go by herself.C)Whether she can travel by air.D)Whether she will completely recover.答案：C
解析：Man开头就说到I’m worried about her going on a plane.从中可知，他担心的是年老的母亲能不能乘飞机，故选C。
15.A)The woman knows how to deal with the police.B)The woman had been fined many times before.C)The woman had violated traffic regulations.D)The woman is good at finding excuses.答案：C
解析：警察开头问到 Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads? 通过这句话就可以知道女士没有遵守交通规则，故选C。
16.A)Switch off the refrigerator for a while.B)Have someone repair the refrigerator.C)Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.D)Buy a refrigerator of better quality.答案：B
解析：Man说到 Maybe you should have it fixed，女士回答到You’re right.这说明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到让这个男士来修，故选B。
17.A)He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.B)He has got enough money to buy a house.C)He can finally do what he has dreamed of.D)He is moving into a bigger apartment.答案：C
解析：Man第二句话说到Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it.表明他能实现买地建房的理想了，故选C。
18.A)She is black and blue all over.B)She has to go to see a doctor.C)She stayed away from work for a few days.D)She got hurt in an accident yesterday.答案：D
解析：Woman说的第一句话是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息而不是过去已经休息了几天，故选D。对话精析：
第一个短对话：
谈论天气the heat is unbearable，强调有了华盛顿的museums and restaurants，天气再热也无所谓I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.学会看看生活中的积极因素，有了博物馆和餐馆，天气再热都热爱华盛顿，这是何等的乐天精神啊!
第二个短对话：
谈论新工作，I’m learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.我学了很多新东西呢，但是我希望上司能给我点反馈！!feedback是反馈也是答案的题眼。这位女士想知道什么呢，想知道上司对她的看法嘛!
第三个短对话：
关于锻炼身体的，还是关于制定锻炼身体的计划的!Can you help me work out a physical training program, John?你能帮我制定个锻炼的项目吗?Sure, but whatever you do be careful not to overdo it.当然啦，不过不管你做什么，得小心点别过头啊!接下来的句子是举例子Last time I had two weeks’ worth of weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.上次我三天就完成了两个星期的举重的训练，结果我就受伤了。
问题是这个男人要建议这个女人什么?
四六级考试委员会一片苦心啊，这里分明在告诫同学们，平时锻炼身体悠着点儿。
第四个短对话：
这个对话好!弘扬爱护老人的美德的!
儿子说，我妈妈年纪大啦，I have an elderly mother 然后表达他对妈妈乘飞机的担心 I’m worried about her going on a plane.Is there any risk?有没有危险啊?
接下来，医生的回答，再次体现四六级客观而乐观的精神，Not if her heart is all right.If she has a heart condition, I’d recommend against it.她心脏没问题就没事啊，如果她心脏有问题的话，那我就不建议她去(乘飞机啦)
第五个短对话：
交通违规怎么做?!四六级听力教你谦恭有礼做回答。首先，第一句的男士质问，Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?我们第一次示意让你在交叉口停车，你干嘛不停呢?(潜台词是，瞧，还不是被我给逮回来训话了么?!在这种情况之下，这位女士态度是诚恳的，Sorry, I was just a bit absent-minded.Anyway, do I have to pay a fine? 对不起啊，我有点心不在焉。但不管怎么说，我需要罚款吗?
人嘛，都是有时候情绪化的嘛，并且我认罚，这句子学会了顺便大家开车的素质都提高了哈!
第六个短对话：
家庭琐事。
第一个人说，I’m no expert我不是专家but that noise in your refrigerator doesn’t sound right.Maybe you should have it fixed.但是你冰箱里面的噪音听起来不大对啊，也许你应该去修理了吧。have it fixed这个结构是考官们发誓要考生学会的have sth done的结构。
第二个人开腔了，You’re right.对话基调钉牢，我同意你，就是冰箱确实坏了。And I suppose I’ve put it off long enough.我恐怕我已经拖得够久了，put off,另一个考官立誓要教会全中国考生的内容，拖延，put off,核心之核心。
问题，这女的可能会怎么做呢?
她学会了核心单词听懂了整个对话以后，一定会去修冰箱！并且，这里强调 是找人修冰箱，have it fixed而不是她自己修!she will fix it herself.第七个短对话：
买房问题。全国热议啊，考试考到的角度那是真叫一个艺术!
我市区的公寓卖得不错!I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment.也就是说卖了一个好价钱啦!Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it.现在，我可有钱买一块我早就看中的地啦，我能建一所房子啦!
偷偷感叹下，这说明了城乡的房价是多么滴有茶具啊!不过考官还是仁慈的，不考那么隐晦的，来个简单的，听到这句话的人呢说Congratulations!Does that mean you’ll be moving soon?
恭喜你啊，那这是不是说明你很快要搬家了啊?!
问题问我们知道第一个陈述的那个男人什么情况?!简单，字面意思就够你用来解答了，卖公寓了有了钱买地建房子了!
第八个短对话：
还是运动，不过这里面涉及了一点点西方的固定搭配，black and blue又黑又蓝，这实际上说的是咱中文里面的，身上摔得又青又紫。
第一个人是在说她昨天在冰上摔了一跤，手到现在还疼呢，My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.I wonder if I broke something.我想知道我是不是摔坏哪儿了啊
(I wonder if这个句型好，走过路过不要错过，I wonder if I could get married with Sister Phoenix我真想知道我能不能娶凤姐啊?!)
下面这位男士的回答是，I’m no doctor, but it’s not black and blue or anything.Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.我不是医生，但是如果没有什么又青又紫也没其他问题的话，也许你只是需要休息几天罢了。
问题，此女发生了什么问题? 长对话(19~25)
答案及解析：
19.What do we learn about the woman?
答案：D)She was a witness to the crime.解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下抢劫银行的人(describe the man who robbed the bank)。选项中B提到了robbery，但是对话中没有说明女士是受害者(victim);D选项提到了她目击了某个犯罪经过，robbery显然是crime的一种。
20.What did the suspect look like?
答案：A)A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.解析：原文中提到The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.，对应选项A。
21.What did the man finally asked the woman to do?
答案：A)Identify the suspect from pictures.解析：对话结尾处，男士要求女士look at some photographs，很显然，他的目的是让女士通过照片来辨别嫌疑人。因此选择A。
22.How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?
答案：A)By reading a newspaper ad.解析： job vacancy指空缺的职位。在对话一开始，女士就说到她的目的：I’m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.从这句话中可以看出她得知职位信息的来源是the paper last night，对应A选项。
23.Why did the woman find the job appealing?
答案：B)She could work close to her family.解析：本题关键词是appealing，意为引起兴趣的。女士提到她喜欢这份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同义替换词，因此选择B选项。
24.What had the woman been doing in Geneva?
答案：C)Working as a secretary.解析：女士提到她在日内瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是选项C中的secretary。虽然她也提到之前在大学学习，但是她取得的学位是a degree in English，而非选项D中的a degree in French.25.What was the woman asked to do in the end?
答案：C)Send in a written application as soon as possible.解析：对话中女士希望得到面试机会，但是男士要求先要递交书面申请(reply a writing to the advertisement)，并不是所有人都能得到面试机会，因此选择答案C。
题材考点分析：
长对话第二篇围绕女士求职面试展开，男士问了很多关于女士个人信息的问题，女士做出回答。做题时需要考生把握住对话大意、抓住细节信息以及两人的态度。
对话中的考点主要集中在细节、重点一些词组含义，以及同意词组替换。对话中关键信息包括：been working in Geneva, secretarial work, degree in English, be near to the family, applications in writing等。考题也正是针对这些关键信息出的，在听的时候考察考生对于细节的把握，尤其是叙述相同类型的事情时，更需要记下其中的区别，从而在做题时能够准确的选出选项。如对话中提到女士会French和English，区别是会说French，拿到了degree in English.其中有几题考察同义词组替换。比如23题中用close替换了near，24题中用secretary替换了secretarial work。选项中频频出现同义词组替换，由此可见考生平时应该注意积累同一个意思不同的表达法。
另外，从说话的语气和表达情绪的词，也可以听出说话人的态度。比如女士在问到能否安排面试时，男士的回答 “Well, I’m afraid„” 由此看出男士否定了女士的想法。因此在做题中，很容易地排除了安排面试的选项。
总体来说，这篇听力难度中等，关键是要抓住细节。
答案，手摔了，焦虑，问了一男的，这男的很冷静，告诉她没啥事。
Section B
Passage One
听力文章分析：
本文难度不大，生词和难词不是很多，关键是整体上的及关键句的理解。先是消防队员在营救火灾中时常遇到小孩对消防队员的设备不熟悉，以为是带着面具的怪兽(monster)，从而躲起来，无法得到及时营救而丧失的现象入手，引出Eric Velez为了防止此类现象再次发生，在社区里开始对孩子消防知识的教育。再举例进一步说明教育性质的演讲在拯救生命的巨大作用。最后再简略地说下此类演讲的其他作用。
做题要点：
(1)抓关键句。一般篇章类听力，篇幅较长，听的时候一定要学会准确提取有用的信息，如原因目的、结果、数字、开头和结尾部分等。
“because they think they have seen a monster” “To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire.” “But it’s a fact that informative speaking saves lives.” “Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food,” “In addition to saving lives,”
这几句就包括了所有题目的答案，只要抓住这几句并理解了其意，题目就不难做出。
(2)抓住细节，但无需执着于细节。
本文的题目每题都设置了很多细节干扰项。如果太过执着于细节，如frightened by smoke and noise;Eric Velez learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents 就会使得做题时容易被细节分心，从而无法立即准确地判断和加以选择。
重点词汇：
fire fighters 消防队员 monster怪兽、怪物 heartbreaks 伤心事 catch a glimpse of 瞥见 masked戴面具的 oxygen mask 氧气面罩 informative 教育性的，有益的 答案及解析：
26.D)They mistake the firefighters for monsters.解析：细节题，从开始when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster一句中便可得出因为不熟悉消防人员戴面具的形象，孩子们以为来救援的消防人员是怪兽，所以躲起来。所以选D。其他选项文中都没有涉及到。
27.B)He often teaches children what to do during a fire.解析：本篇文章大篇幅讲的是Eric Velez给社区里的孩子讲解消防知识，让他们熟悉消防人员及消防工具的过程。选项A，put out fire虽然是Eric Velez的工作，但是本文重点不是在其消防员救活这个工作上，C、D选项很容易就可以排除。所以选B。
28.A)He saved the life of his brother choking on food.解析：细节题，从Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food一句便可得出答案，文章中关于Pete Gentry的主要信息就是他救了噎着食物的弟弟。所以选A。做题时一定要把人名及其所做的事准确对应起来。
29.D)Informative speeches can save lives.解析：主旨题，本文举了一个大例子，一下小例子来证明教育性的演说有救人性命的好处。虽然在文章最后也列举了下其他好处，但是主旨还是拯救生命。所以选D。其他几个选项都主要讲细节处，很容易就可以排除。
Passage Two
听力文章分析：
本篇听力讲述的是截然不同的两种生活态度，一种是“make and save a lot of money in order to retire early”，另一种则是“live only for today”，作者在陈述两种不同态度之后，针对两种态度给出了自己的看法“it's better to pick the spend-all approach”。本篇听力不是太难，没有较难的词汇，虽然有几个需要注意的句式，如：“At the other extreme are people who live only for today.Why bother saving„ ”等，但是通过上下文也是不难理解的，而且结构也比较清楚，基本上可以分为三部分：两种不同的态度和作者的观点，所考察的三道题也上针对了这三个主要的点。由此可见，听听力的时候依然首先要从全文来把握，把握文章的要点，在把握要点的基础上，有重点的去听一些细节，如与要点相关的原因和后果，以及作者本人对这些事情的看法，遇到与此相关的信号词或者关键词时就一定要注意重点记忆。
答案及解析：
30.C)To make money for early retirement.解析：本题考察原因，问为什么人们喜欢比较苛求但收入较高的工作，其实听力一开始就用in order to 给出了原因，即：retire early，所以选C项。
31.A)They may have to continue to work in old age.解析：本题考察后果，问只为当下而活的人面临着什么危险，从“The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older.”中可以看出A是正确选项，及在年老时有可能不得不继续工作。
32.B)Enjoying yourself while you can.解析：本课考察文章作者的态度，从 “Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake.”中可以看出，作者认为想等到退休后再做自己想做的事情以及和自己喜欢的人在一起可能是一种错误，所以选B，即趁着自己还可以的时候要懂得享受生活。
Passage Three
听力文章分析：
此篇短文听力难度适中。叙述者，即文中的speaker，通过记叙自己的境遇表达个人观点。三个自然段分别对应文章后的三道题，结构清晰明了，题目答案导向明确。
第一段通过开篇点题引出本文话题，“以偏概全”着实有失公平;
第二段记叙一个发生在Graben Gore 饭店的故事，关键句：A new sign in the window told the story.“No more than two students at a time”;
第三段同样是记叙一个发生在药店的故事，故事情节较为简单。
此三题听时关键在于抓关键句子，个别人名等不需做过多关注。
答案及解析：
33.C)Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。
文章第一段中，由”How fair will that be”的前一句和后一句均可推出此答案。前一句即“一个邻居犯了法，所有的邻居们都成了怀疑对象”。后一句即“因为有些学生小偷小摸，所有的学生就都被当成小偷来看待„„”，二者表明一个意思，即“无辜者被毫无理由的怀疑属实不公平”。
34.D)Allowing only two students to enter at a time。
第一个小故事中的一个关键句后面紧跟答案。该关键句为，”A new sign in the window told the story.”
而这个sign的内容就是紧随其后的“No more than two students at a time”.35.B)He was closely watched.此题需要自己稍作总结，最后一个小故事说到文中的“我”去药店，却一直被盯着;此事让“我”很是不满。Section C
36.preserve
37.appreciate
38.households
39.chat
40.convenient
41.rates
42.receive
43.submit
44.They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.45.A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.46.This writing practice brings rewards that can’t be seen in bank accounts
版本二：
11.A, get
12.B, buying
13.A, taking p
14.B, he
15.D, he
16.C, her gym
17.D, The
18.A，Indifferent.19.C，he has
20.B，learn
21.C, every
22.A, what to
23.D.A financial trader
24.B, He considers
25.D, It can
26.D)They mistake the firefighters for monsters。
27.A)He often teaches children what to do during a fire。
28.D)He saved the life of his brother choking on food。
29.D)Informative speeches can save lives。
30.C)To make money for early retirement。
31.A)They may have to continue to work in old age
32.B)Making wise use of your time。
33.C)Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。
34.D)Allowing only two students to enter at a time。
35.B)He was closely watched。
international
revolution
emphasized
poor-paying
effectively
freelancewriter
conditioned
reasonably
The earthquake left thousands of people in urgent need of medicar care.45 There is no denying the fact that he has directed the most popular film in ten years.46 A lighted cigarette thrown out of a car or train window can star a fire.版本一：
Part Ⅳ
Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
47.M)raised
48.L)psychological
49.E)contributions
50.A)abilities
51.B)achieve
52.N)smart
53.I)extent
54.J)indicates
55.G)essentially
56.H)eventually
47.raise在这里的意思是“养育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成长的环境”。
48.“psychological activity”意思是“心理活动”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学”。
49.“make contributions to”为固定搭配，意为“为„„做贡献”。
50.“ability to „”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此处，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的”。
51.“limitations to what you can achieve”意思是“对你所能达到的水平的限制”。
52.此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示“机灵，可爱”。
53.此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，“to the extent „”译为“„„的程度”。
54.indicate 意思是“表明，显示”。全句意为“越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用”。
55.essentially 的意思是“实际上，本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了”。
56.eventually 副词，意思是“最终，最后”。
Section B
Passage One
57.C)few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
推理题。“one-way street” 字面意思是“单行道”，含有只能从一个方向前进却很难往相反方向前进的意思，用了比喻用法。文章第二句就解释说明了这个“one-way street”在文中的含义。大学里的学者去商界创业的现象不算稀奇，但是反过来就不怎么常见。所以选择C选项。
58.A)keeps someone from taking action
推理题。“deterrent”有妨碍物的意思。在文中需要通过上下文来理解。单词前的意思是“薪水永远是最大的„因为很多人觉得到大学里工作就会减少工资，从而无法养家糊口。”从后面半句，我们可以推断出deterrent的意思，所以选A选项。
59.B)Her research interests.细节题。答案在Para3Line3可以找到。“Her main reason for„ to take advantage of the great freedom to choose research questions.”表明Helen Lee换行主要考虑到的是自己可以比较自由地选择研究领域，即个人的研究兴趣。所以选择B选项。
60.D)exploit better intellectual opportunities
细节题。本题比较简单，在Para3最后一句“felt it worthwhile for the great intellectual opportunities”就可以找到答案。
61.A)Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in job market.推理题。本着一题对应一段的一般原则，我们应该在最后一段里找答案。“the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry in„“that will help students get a job when they graduate”段落主要是在讲industrial scientists到大学教学后的主要贡献。所以选择A项。
Passage Two
62.D)marriage contributes to a great deal of longevity
解析：第一段提到“but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship.”紧接着就说到“The effect was first noted in 1958 by William Farr,„”。句中的boost和选项D中的contribute有相近的意思，故选择D。
63.B)marriage can help make up for ill heath
解析：Linda Waite举例子说到一个有心脏病的已婚男人可以比未婚但是健康的男人多活4年。因此，婚姻可以弥补身体不健康带来的不利因素，故选B。
64.A)the disadvantages of being married
解析：flip side的愿意是唱片的另一面，在这里前面已经分析过婚姻的好处，这里指的就是婚姻的反面，故选A。
65.A)They have effects similar to those a marriage.解析：第二段最后一句„how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.故选择A。
66.B)To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.解析：最后一段提到如果想生活的更长久到100岁，就要发展自己的社交网络，故选B。版本二：
47.raised
48.displayed
49.contributions
50.abilities
51.achieve
52.smart
53.proceeds
54.indicates
55.essentially
56.evevtually
57.few„university
58.attracts„
59.her„interests
60.exploit„
61.Increase„
62.marriage„illness
63.marriage„health
64.the„married
65.they„need
66.To„
完形填空：
版本一：
Part Ⅴ
Cloze
67.D came out
68.C less
69.D by
70.A almost
71.B developed
72.C growth
73.B lead
74.A pressure
75.B services
76.B into
77.C driven
78.C wealth
79.C unless
80.D expand
81.C at
82.C common
83.A major
84.D trend
85.C but
86.B possibilities
解析：
67.D came out 表示出版，公布，这里表示报告的公布。
68.C less 根据上下文可知这里说的是都市人口的增长，强调之前的少和现在的多，所以用少于更合适。less than：少于，不到。
69.D by 在这里表示截止到某时间为止。
70.A almost 几乎，将近，对前面的解释，说明人口有多少。
71.B developed 根据上下文意思，以及后文相对的developing world可知应该是发达国家，即：developed countries。
72.C growth 仔细阅读的话可以发现下文就有答案，这里讲的是都市人口的增长，所以用growth。
73.B lead lead to表示导致，通向，本段末也有出现过，在这里是说都市化有助于社会和经济的进步。
74.A pressure 从下文的描述可以看出过快的都市化也给城市带来了巨大压力，所以选pressure。
75.B services 服务，城市为人们提供住房和服务。
76.B into 介词选择，move into 移入，迁入;固定搭配。
77.C driven 表示推动，驱动，driven by 由„驱动，由什么原因引起的。
78.C wealth 财富;social division and differences in wealth 社会分化和财富上的差距。
79.C unless 除非，这里说的是除非城市规划更好，否则各部分财富分配不均的局面将可能导致犯罪问题。
80.D expand 指扩张，expand into rural areas 扩张到农村地区。
81.C at at a much faster rate 以更快的速度，固定搭配
82.C common 表示某事件很普遍，平常。从下文的across America可知这种情况很普遍很常见。
83.A major major cities，大城市，与后文中的smaller cities形成对比
84.D trend 趋势，这里是对前面情况的概括，a trend toward de-urbanization 表示一种逆城市化的发展趋势。
85.C but 表示转折，说城市还是有自身优点的，与前面的“逆城市化”形成转折关系。
86.B possibilities 可能性，这里表示城市依然能够提供农村所不能提供的机会和可能性。
整篇解析：
这篇完型填空取材自2009年10月9日的VOA Special English节目，谈论的是城市发展的问题。从抓主旨的角度来说，这样一篇小小200词的文章，纵览了世界城市发展史，又横览了城市化带来的种种问题，里面的核心论点之间逻辑关联紧密，考生如果没有任何背景知识和推理能力，解题会遇到一定的困难。比如说第二个空格，很多考生在more 和less之中犹豫不决，在没有具体背景信息的情况之下，就需要依据上下文的文脉进行推理。既然强调的是城市化的迅速发展，从5%到几乎70%，这个5%前面究竟填入超过还是不到。从作者的叙述语气一致可以推知，他必定在感叹这个变化的巨大，因此前文应该是不到5%。对于into/at这样一些介词小词的考查历来都是完型填空的重点，move into cities/ at a faster rate，这都是比较容易选择的基础搭配。版本二：
67.came out
68.less
69.By
70.almost
71.fertile
72.growth
73.lead
74.pressure
75.surroundings
76.into
77.driven
78.treasure
79.when
80.expand
81.at
82.frequent
83.major
84.trend
85.While
86.qualities 翻译 版本一：
Part Ⅵ
Translation
87.___________________(为了确保他参加会议)，I called him up in advance.解析：In order to ensure him to attend the meeting
To ensure his attendance at the meeting
【结构分析】本题句子的主干 “I called him up in advance”已经给出，无需翻译，需要翻译部分为“为了确保他能参加会议”。该部分在句子中作目的状语
【考点解释】本题考查是目的状语。①目的状语可以由to/in order to来引导。②确保 ensure sb to do 确保某人做某事，ensure sth 确保某事
【原句精释】为了确保他参加会议，我已经提前给他电话了。
88.The significant museum________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.解析：is said to have been built
【结构分析】本题句子的主语为the significant museum，缺谓语，即(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago为时间状语。
【考点解释】本题重点考查：①被动语态。主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系;且bulid这一动作发生在过去。②据说 be said to;be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。
【原句精释】据说这座意义深远的博物馆大约建成于一百年前。
89.There would be no life on earth ____________________(没有地球独特的环境)。
解析: without its unique environment but for its unique environment
【结构分析】本题句子含有There be结构。主干完整，there主语，would be 谓语，no life 表语，on earth 地点状语
【考点解释】本题重点考查：①without的用法 without 是介词，后接名词;同时，表示“没有”，除without外，还可用but for;②单词拼写 unique adj.独特;environment n.环境 ③当名词重复出现时，可适当使用代词，避免重复。
【原句精释】没有地球独特的环境，地球上就不会有生命。
90.______________________________(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.解析：What impressed the tourists most
【结构分析】本题句子为主系表结构，主语即考查部分，was 系动词，剩余部分为表语。
【考点解释】本题重点考查①what引导的主语从句;what可引导句子充当主语;②impress用法 给„留下印象 impress sb;③最高级的用法most;结合考点②③，可推出“给„印象最深”为impress sb most
【原句精释】当地人的友善与热情给游客们留下了最深的印象。
91.They requested that ___________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.解析：books I borrowed(should)be returned to the library
I(should)return the book I borrowed to the library
【结构分析】本题句子的主干部分分别是they 主语，request 谓语，后接that引导的宾语从句。
【考点解释】①request的用法。request v.要求;当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即(should)+ 动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”，the book(that)I borrowed;③单词的拼写。归还 return，借 borrow，图书馆 library ④本题就此题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。
【原句精释】他们要求我在下周五之前把借的书还回图书馆。
版本二：
87.In order to ensure him to attend the meeting
88.was said to be founded
89.without the special environment on earth
90.what the tourists were impressed by
91.the books that I borrowed be returned to the library
第二篇：2016年6月大学英语四级真题答案与解析
写作
题目：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.今年四级时隔九年之后首次考了一道应用文写作，虽然出乎意料，但是大家可以根据题干中的关键词“letter”迅速判断今年要写的是书信。书信本身难度不大，但是需要特别注意英文书信的书写格式。
一、四级书信格式要求
1、抬头：收件人的姓名
2、正文：三段式
3、落款：祝福（yours sincerely）+写信人名
二、感谢信格式模板: Dear ______, I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感谢的原因).If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been___________________(没有对方帮助时的后果).No one would disagree that it was you who___________________________(给出细节).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.Best wishes.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（注意：抬头的Dear+人名顶格靠左写，后面一定要加逗号！落款yours sincerely和写信人名顶格靠右写，yours sincerely后面也一定要加逗号！Yours sincerely为书信的惯用套话，这个必须得有！）
三、真题解析
再来看看今天第三套试卷的写作。写作要求让自己写一封感谢信来表达你对帮助自己克服困难的朋友的感谢。虽然书信大家可能在复习的时候准备的较少，但其实只要抓住了书信的基本格式，即多了抬头和落款，正文的写作应该较为简单，尤其是第二段，大家可以按照熟悉的原因分析段的方式来写。
1、写作思路： 第一段：表明对朋友的感谢并点题；
第二段：朋友用哪些方式帮我在哪些方面克服了困难
第三段：再次表示对朋友诚挚的感谢并祝愿朋友身体健康。
2、范文： Dear Tom, I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for your great help when I failed that vital English interview.If it had not been for your assistance in giving me those brilliant suggestions and warm encouragement, I fear that I would have lost my way.No one would disagree that it was you who stayed with me and pulled me through the hard time.First and foremost, you told me it is the priority for me to calm down.This is due to the fact that the ability to stay sober and positive made me come up with quite a few ideas to cope with the consequence that failure triggered.Furthermore, you made me learn to analyze my lack of interview skills and find solutions.Plenty of evidence has shown that this work played an indispensable role in my success the next year.Last but not the least, you helped to build my confidence.Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.Best wishes.Yours sincerely, Li Ming
选词填空
一、文章主旨： 根据首句，我们可以看到整篇文章的主旨意思：physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too.（身体活动对身体活动有好处，越来越多的证据显示它对大脑也有好处），所以我们可以知道整篇文章实际是在讨论身体活动与大脑活动相关的影响。
二、对15个选项进行词性分类 A.n B.adv C.n D.v-ing E.v-ing F.adj G.adj H.v I.n J.adv K.adv L.n M.v N.v O.v
三、判断空格词性
26., ___ to have higher GPAs and better scores 固定搭配 tend to 倾向于
答案：O 27.In a ___ of 14 studies that 空格词性为名词，备选项有 ACIL A.出席，出勤 C 趋势 I 心境 L 表现
答案：C 28.physical activity and academic ___ 空格词性为名词，备选项有 A I L 答案：A 29., ___ in the basic subjects of math, 空格词性为副词，备选项有BJK 答案：K 30.schools struggle to ___ on smaller budgets.空格词性为动词原形 备选项有HMN 答案：N 31.With standardized test scores in the U.S.___ in recent years, 空格词性为动词ing，备选项有DE 答案：E 32.exercise and academics may not be ___ exclusive.空格词性为副词，备选项有BJ 答案：J 33.can improve blood ___ to the brain 空格词性为动词 备选项有 DHM 答案：H 34.，which are ___ to learning.空格词性为形容词 备选项有FG 答案：F 35.can improve ___ and relieve stress.空格词性为名词，备选项有IL 答案：L 篇章阅读第二篇
51.A 解析：审题，问的是这个研究的目的，根据题干中的大写字母JAGS定位到第一段，JAGS looked at this question那一句，可以发现研究的目的是为了回答这个问题，由此可知就是上文提到的两个问题，所以是跟personality affect longevity 有关的，答案选A 52.D 解析：审题，根据outgoing and sympathetic people 定位到第二段，由最后一句话可知 作者暗示这些人是更有可能度过艰难时期的人。答案选D 53.C 解析：审题，finding 研究发现，out of our exception 出乎我们的意料的，所以结合题文同序原则定位到第三段，一开头就出现了however，所以出乎意料的是有一些你认为有利的人格却对长寿没有影响。后面接着就举例说明了。答案选C 54.D 解析：关键词定位到倒数第二段，研究发现母亲的人格对孩子的寿命有影响，选D 55.B 解析：定位到最后一段，说明身、心健康二者才是促成长寿的原因。翻译
乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有很多古桥，中式旅馆和餐馆。在过去一千多年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。数百年来，当地人沿河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。Wuzhen, an ancient waterside town in Zhejiang Province, is located by the Great Canal.It is a charming scenic spot with numerous old bridges, hotels and restaurants of Chinese style.In the past more than 1,000 years, the water system and life style in Wuzhen has experienced few changes, which is a museum unfolding the ancient civilization.All the houses there are constructed with stones and wood.For hundreds of years, the locals have built dwellings and markets along the river banks.There are innumerable roomy and beautiful courts hiding among the houses, and tourists will have surprise discoveries wherever they go.解析：
1.第一句是个标准的A is B, and A is C句式，根据我们之前在课程上讲过的公式直接套取即A is B, and A is C = A, B, is C。把“浙江的一座古老水镇”这个部分写成“乌镇”的同位语，用“坐落”作为该句的谓语部分。
2.第二句又是一个有逗号的句子，前方是个简单的主谓宾结构的句式，后方的“有很多”这个结构，我们在课堂上讲过，表示的并非是“真正的拥有”的意思，而是一种伴随的状态，可以用“with”的短语表达出来。
3.第三句，第一个逗号之前是明显的时间状语，提醒了第二个逗号前的句子应该使用现在完成时，第二个逗号之后的句子是用来陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时。前后句主语一致，都为乌镇，所以根据我们所说过的合句提分的方法，后句直接用“，which……”即可连接。而此句难点在于“展现古文明的”这个定语如何翻译，如果不会直接翻译，我们可以把这个句子拆成“是一座博物馆，它展现了古文明”来解决，或者像例文中所示一样，用我们所说过的非谓语动词作定语的结构，由逻辑主语主动发出并与谓语动词同时发出的原则选取doing作定语，译成“unfolding the ancient civilization”的后置定语即可。4.第四句是难度很小的一句话，判断出用一般现在时和被动语态即可。
5.第五句话从时间状语来判断，使用现在完成时即可。难度也较小。6.第六句逗号前的半个句子根据“在某地存在某人某物”的句型判断应该使用there be句型翻译。逗号后面的句子跟前面是个并列结构，用and并列即可。
第三篇：2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案
1作文真题范文及点评
Nothing Scucceeds Without a Strong Willby commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the eaiest thing in the world.I'va done it hundreds of times.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing
Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
Nothing runs smoothly in our life.To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential.Life is like a Marathon.Many people can’t get to the terminal.This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake.They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting.Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking.After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough.Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will.In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will.To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose.Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute 文章点评：
本文属于话题类作文，只看题目 “Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。细看题目说明中给出了提示，要求考生结合戒烟屡次不成功的幽默引语对该话题进行分析阐述。
总体来说，这是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先点题指出“坚强意志”的重要性；第二段从反面举例阐述——具体描写了意志不坚定者的心理活动，阐述为什么会戒烟失败；最后从戒烟延伸到生活中的其他事情，并复述坚强意志的内涵，点题收尾。
总体上来看，文章思路清晰，采用了生动的比喻和形象的心理描写，语言流畅，用语地道。
但一些重复表达（如第二段和第三段中的weak will）显得单调，可用shaky ones, weak-willed persons，the strong-willed等灵活表达。在备考中，多积累不同表达，相信会写出更生动的文章。
在论述上，叙述略显罗嗦。第二段心理描写过多，虽然流畅生动，但却使这篇考场作文超过了规定字数，反而成为失分点，这一点要引以为戒。
范文高分版
Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
As we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved.There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite.Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance.Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.点评：
本次四级作文探讨的话题是成功与毅力之间的关系，话题不算新，一般考生对此都比较熟悉，所以对考生来说难度不大。写好这篇作文，需要抓住两点，一是紧跟题目要求，即对上述幽默性的话语做出评论，二是在评论的基础上要亮出自己的观点。
范文开头第一句即一针见血地对上述幽默性话语做出总结性概括，即戒烟看似简单实则很难，随后指出该话语本质上是一个悖论，并且以一个“水滴石穿”的俗语来指出困难所在，这句也是本文的一个亮点，体现作者在西方俗语方面丰富的知识储备。
第二段作者则进一步深入分析该话语，指出做某事在短期看来很容易，长期来看，恰恰相反，人们做事的结果也因此总是失败，原因则在最后一句点出：缺乏毅力。
第三段作者进一步给出了自己的观点，告诉大家如何避免陷入这种两难境地：首要条件即需要坚强的意志和长期的坚持。最后再以艾默生的一句名言 “没人能够骗你远离你最终的成功，除非你自己承认失败”来总结全文，切中主题，铿锵有力。
快速阅读真题 及答案
What is Integrity?
“Integrity” is defined as “adherence to moral and ethical principles;honesty.” The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself(honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness)but also living up to those standards each day.One who by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed.But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others.Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional.Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky Business
We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure.The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices.To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts.For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required.But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct.Ignorance is not a defense.“But Everybody Does It”
Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I'm not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very elaborate: “I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses.If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder.Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating Risks
To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits(“what's in it for me”), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong.The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a “0” on a test or assignment;an “F” in the class;Suspension or Dismissal from school;transcript notation;and a tarnished reputation.In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be.This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position.There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or Not
Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price.A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education.Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught.Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems “easier.” This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster.Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, Too
Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions “don't count” and don't really hurt anyone.But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect.Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room.Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat.If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades.Even if there is no curve, cheating “poisons” the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in.(“If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.”)Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers.The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, “I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach;all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.” The and destructive attack on the quality of your education.Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity Matters
If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless.There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have.The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being.For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter.It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1.A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.A)sticks to them in their daily life B)makes them known to others C)understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them 2.What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A)It helps to create team spirit B)It facilitates communication C)It is the basis of mutual trust D)It inspires mutual respect 3.why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？ A.To ensure we make responsible choices.B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C.so that we don’t break any rules.D.so that we don’t run into trouble.4.Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______? A.it has caused no harm.B.it is claimed to be unintentional.C.it has gone unnoticed.D.it is committed with good intentions.5.What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? A.Avoid making excuses.B.Listen to other people’s advice.C.Make his intensions public.D.Have others watch over his shoulder.6.Those who take risks they regret later on _______.A.will often become more cautious B.are usually very aggressive C.value immediate benefits most.D.may lose everything in the end 7.According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.A)pay more dearly B)become more confident C)be widely admired D)feel somewhat lucky 8.Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how tostealing a grade 9.Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.10.Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal.听力真题及答案
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?
M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night.Did you get home in time to see it?
W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?
13.W: Airport, please.I’m running a little late.So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? 14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish.I’m allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
15.W: now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?
M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man?
16.M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year.I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean.But check out the cost if renting an apartment first.I won’t be surprised if you 5 change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply?
17.M: You’re on the right track.I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, you’re right.I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?
M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside.Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation? Long Conversation
Conversation One
M: When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.W: The seasons?
M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short?
W: So what is it like?
M: Well, it is cold ,very cold in winter.Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade.And of course when you go out, you’ll wrap up warm.But inside in the houses it’s always very warm, much warmer than at home.Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter.W: And what about the darkness?
M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.It is sometimes a bit depressing.But you see the summers are amazing, from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets.It’s still light in the midnight.You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.M: Yeah, that’s right, but it’s wonderful.You won’t stay up all night.And the Swedes makes most of it often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings.They’d like to work hard, but play hard, too.I think Londoners work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is a good thing.Q19: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
Q20: What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?
Q21: How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden?
Q21: What does the man say about the Swedish people? Conversation Two
W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?
M: That’s a very good question.I don’t think there is any, specifically.W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background?
M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham.After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people.Here is in the university.Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side.Then progressed on to universities.So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training.There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.W: But in the first place, you did a French degree.M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration.I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things.W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now.M: Quite.W: But you are local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?
M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from west Yorkshire.Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list.And I like the look of it.The campus is just beautiful.W: Yes, indeed.Let’s see.Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?
M: Yes, from the Woolen District.Q23.What was the man’s major at university?
Q24: What was the man’s job in secondary schools?
Q25: What attracted the man to Nottingham University? Section B
Passage One
While Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed.Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful.Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration.Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words.Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America.Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings.Here are some examples.In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker.Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact.In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.Questions:
26, What did Obcamp’s speech focus on?
27, Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech?
28, What does the speaker try to explain? Passage Two
Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company.He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year.Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting.Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year.First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments.He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them.Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves.The training saved time for the employees and money for the company.Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year.Two employees the Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them.Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job.Chris knows, however, that someone else wants that new job, too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company.She has also made several changes over the year.Chris knows that his boss likes Kim’s work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.What is Chris’s main responsibility at Taxlong Company?
30.What problem did Chris encounter in his Division?
31.What does Chris hope for in the near future?
32.What do we learn about Kim from the passage? Passage Three
Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom.They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life.Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture.Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong.Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act.Understanding your own culture values is important too.If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier.Many proverbs are very old.So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were.For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not important to them.But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today.Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures.In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.Why are proverbs so important?
34.According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time?
What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world? Section C
Compound Dictation
Our lives are woven together.As much as I enjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own.Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house.Evidence of interdependence is everywhere;we are on this journey together.As I was growing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything.“Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture.I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices.But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines.And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.听力答案：11.^^ask the staff 12.b ^^ TV program13.^^^^^^ missing her flight 14.at a restaurant 15^^^^of the woman 16.^^^^alow-rent apartment 17.^^^otpic more focuse 18,they didnot 19,he likes 20,the cold 21 depressing 22they work 23,french 24,careers 25,its26 the art of 27to enhance 28how listeners 29 directing 30twoofhis employee 31advancement 32sheis competing 33The help 34.Their wording 35.Some 36company 37single 38completely39vacation 40built 41ecectricity42 evidence 43journey
本次听力考试长对话第一篇难度略低与以往水平，话题关于瑞典的天气和生活方式，对话以man speaker提供信息为主，woman speaker穿针引线，所以大家集中精力听man speaker的话即可。
文章大意：对话先谈论了瑞典的季节，冬天异常寒冷，低至零下26度，但是室内非常温暖，所以瑞典人到了英国会抱怨室内温度低。接下来讨论了不同季节的日光长度，圣诞节期间每天只有1小时光照，而五月到七月，直到午夜还有还有日照，所以瑞典享有“The Land of Mid-night Sun”的美誉。瑞典人夏季很早上班，下午2，3点就下班，享受漫长的夏季夜晚。他们的生活方式用原文中的一句话来概述就是“They like to work hard, but play hard too.”。
出题点有4处，全部为细节题，第19题：“What do we learn about the man from the conversation?”，答案出现在对话开篇。第20题: “What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?”，答案出现在文中，瑞典人拜访英国会抱怨英国人的室内很冷。第21题“How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden？”，man speaker 的评论是 “a bit depressing ”.第22题“What does the man say about the Swedish people?”，瑞典人工作努力，也很会享受盛会。
考场上，大家只要能follow the man speaker’s track，抓住细节，就一定会找出答案。Wish all of you good luck!
本次四级第二篇长对话难度不高，话题是考生很熟悉的校园学习类。从对话的语气中可以猜出是学妹在请教学长关于工作所需的教育背景。
考查长对话一般是看两人谈话会有几个话题，换一个话题就会相应地换一个问题。这篇考试也不例外，三个问题分别是1.男人的专业？2.男人在中学的工作？3.男人上诺丁汉大学的原因？1和3尤其好辨别，相信同学们做对基本的2道题是肯定没有问题的。
抓住了“话题转换有考题”的技巧后，再运用我们课上反复强调的“听到什么选什么”的技巧，那答案就呼之欲出了。比如1应该是French, 2 是career work, 3是campus environment.再加上我们上课教的学习场景词汇中的高频词degree, secondary school, administration, literature, campus, major。如果考生在考场上能及时激活，那文章的大意一定非常明了。
Passage 2 难度适中，话题是升职，属于商务工作场景，大意是Chris 作为公司的采购部的职员希望得到提升，但是遇到了同是采购部的竞争对手Kim，Kim受到领导的喜欢而且表现也不错。原文描述了Chris和Kim在公司中的表现。涉及到的常考词汇有：purchase, maintenance, interview，salary, promotion, equipment, employee, responsibility。这些词汇在听力商务场景中讲过，要求大家必背的。在阅读课上商务类文章中也讲过数次。接下来我们看看具体的题目和答案所在处。Question 29: what is Chris’s main responsibility at Texalon company? 我们课堂上说篇章一般开头30秒会有一题的答案，这题的答案在第一句话。
Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his division at Texalon company.In charge 管理和负责的意思。Purchase采购，maintenance 维修。Question 30: what problem did Chris encounter in his division? Unfortunately, one serious problem develops during the year.Two employees that Chris hired were stealing and he had to fire them.此题答案在文章中间部分，关键是problem 这个词。Question 31: what does Chris hope for in the near future? He would like to be promoted to the job.Promote 升职。Would like to 想要。Question 32: what do we learn about Kim from the passage? 原文：Chris knows, however, someone else wants the new job too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another division of the company.Kim这个女人也是负责采购和维修的，她希望得到这个工作。
完形填空真题 答案
Part V Cloze
Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67.reveals.Nearly half of organisations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68.staff with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths(STEM), 69.while even more companies expect to experience 70.shortages of employees with Stem skills in the next three years.The Confederation of British Industry and the vocational qualifications body EDI 71.surveyed6 94 organisations across the public and 72.private sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.Half are 73.concerned they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74.recruit enough employees with the right A-level skills.“75.As we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76.for growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77.intensify,” said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI.“In the future, people with qualifications in science and maths will be particularly sought after, and firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78.technical or engineering skills.The new government must make it a top 79.priority to encourage more young people to study science-related 80.subjects.”
The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81.if they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level.The A-levels that employers82.rate least are psychology and sociology.And while many employers don't insist on a83.particular degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a Stem-related subject.The research 84.highlighted worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85.workforce.Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86.where two-thirds reported concerns.67.reveals
68.staff
69.while
70.shortages
71.surveyed
72.private
73.concerned
74.recruit
75.As
76.for
77.intensify
78.technical
79.priority
80.subjects
81.if
82.rate
83.particular
84.highlighted
85.workforce
86.where
翻译真题、答案及点评
87.Charity groups organized various activities to ________（为地震幸存者筹款）.87.Raise money for the survial in the earthquck 88.Linda_______（不可能收到我的电子邮件）；otherwise, she would have replied.can’t receive my e-mail 89.It's my mother________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.89.oncovrage me not lose heart 90.The publishing house has to ________（考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度）.90.condsider the popularrring of this novel 91.It is absolutely wrong to _________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).91.defive the happiness only by momey
第四篇：大学英语四级作文真题解析
大学英语四级作文真题解析
四级的题型包括论说文、说明文、记叙文。2017年6月份我们考的是考应用文，卖的是二手车、二手电脑，12月份考的是文字当中的A或者B的形式，到底是工作还是考研，到底是国企还是外企。2017年12月考到的是大家关心的医闹问题，同学感觉到这个问题比较伤感。医闹怎么说?我们可以翻成“医疗的一些问题、争端或者冲突”等等。这是第一套题。第二套题，讲的是所谓的老师和学生之间的关系如何营造。第三套题，父母和孩子的关系。
大家发现这道题从审题的难度来讲基本长没有什么难度，基本上是初中、小学词汇，题干不会出现什么问题。“How to”题型已经考过三次，重点在如何(how)，也就是说我们重点是方法。从内容上来讲，但是发现这三道考题之间的关系是大家非常熟悉的话题，比说医闹关系，医生和患者之间的关系，老师和学生的关系，这是教育的话题，再比如家长和孩子之间的关系等等，所以从题材到内容来说都是四级考生已经必备的知识要素。
我们的四六级的写作满分是15分，包括两部分，第一是奖励分，第二是基本分的部分。
首先，奖励分是卷面的问题，大家都喜欢美的事物。也就是说要保持卷面清晰，给老师留下好的第一印象。第二是基本分。这里包括三部分。
第一是文章的结构。
我们在写作文的时候分三个层次，总分总的原则，第一自然段我们一定要进行引题部分，第二是分析，第三是总结。第一段把医患关系，家长和孩子关系，学生和老师的关系等等，这些核心的主题词引导出来。
第二是分析。根据不同文章的要求，不同文章的题材进行分析的过程。重点在方法、建议的措施上。所以这个文章中间分析的环节，重点讲的是建议、措施和方法。
第三是总结。注意要加上所谓逻辑关系词。比如三个方法，或者是三个建议的措施，三个原因，三个危害等等。
这是英语考试，大家一定要想清楚我们每句话首先保证的是准确，其次保证的是漂亮。如何保证准确漂亮?第一个是词的运用，我们在刚才的文章当中，是否出现了“重要important”这个单词，你可以换一些高级的词汇essential，当你把这些常见的单词进行高级化的替换以后，你的分值就会提高。再说一下句型的文化。好的文章，不仅是句子准确，还要考虑句子的高级化。比如说你是否运用了非谓语动词等高级语法。
第五篇：2005年12月英语四级考试真题和答案及解析
2005年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案
Part I Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)Section A 1.A)See a doctor.B)Stay in bed for a few days.C)Get treatment in a better hospital.D)Make a phone call to the doctor.2.A)The 2:00 train will arrive earlier.B)The 2:30 train has a dining car.C)The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train.D)they are gong to have some fast food on the train 3.A)She has been longing to attend Harvard University.B)She’ll consider the man’s suggestion carefully.C)She has finished her project with Dr.Garcia’s help.D)She’ll consult Dr.Garcia about entering graduate school.4.A)Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B)Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C)The man can hardly understand Alice’s presentation.D)The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.5.A)It’s worse than 30 years ago.B)It remains almost the same as before.C)There are more extremes in the weather.D)There has been a significant rise in temperature.6.A)At a publishing house.B)At a bookstore.C)In a reading room.D)In Prof.Jordan’s office.7.A)The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.B)Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C)Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D)The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.8.A)Priority should be given to listening.B)It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day.C)It’s more effective to combine listening with reading.D)Reading should come before listening.9.A)It can help solve complex problems.B)It will most likely prove ineffective.C)It is a new weapon against terrorists.D)It will help detect all kinds of liars.10.A)Help the company recruit graduate students.B)Visit the electronics company next week.C)Get apart-time job on campus before graduation.D)Apply for a job in the electronics company.Section B
Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A)It ha been proven to be the best pain-killer.B)It is a possible cure for heart disease.C)It can help lower high body temperature effectively.D)It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.12.A)It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.B)It speeds up their recovery after surgery.C)It in creases the blood flow to the heart.D)It adjusts their blood pressure.13.A)It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.B)It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation.C)It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.D)It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation.Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A)They strongly believe in family rules.B)They are very likely to succeed in life.C)They tend to take responsibility for themselves.D)They are in the habit of obeying their parents.15.A)They grow up to be funny and charming.B)They often have a poor sense of direction.C)They get less attention from their parents.D)They tend to be smart and strong-willed.16.A)They usually don’t follow family rules.B)They don’t like to take chances in their lives.C)They are less likely to be successful in life.D)They tend to believe in their parent’s ideas.Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A)They wanted to follow his example.B)They fully supported his undertaking.C)They were puzzled by his decision.D)They were afraid he wasn’t fully prepared.18.A)It is more exciting than space travel.B)It is much cheaper than space travel.C)It is much safer than space travel.D)It is less time-consuming than space travel.19.A)They both attract scientists’ attention.B)They can both be quite challenging.C)They are both thought-provoking.D)They may both lead to surprising findings.20.A)To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be.B)To provide an excuse for his changeable character.C)To explore the philosophical issues of space travel.D)To explain why he took up underwater exploration.Part II Reading comprehension(35 minutes)Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect ―saddle curl,‖ the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination.But its maker.Frito-Lay.Thinks otherwise.―Potato chips are a snack food for the world,‖ said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing.Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo.And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits.But the U.S.snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete.And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to ―global‖ as a concept.―Global‖ does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative(创新的)world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes.Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company.Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism.Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world.―We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,‖ said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.21.It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marking that ________.A)potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market B)their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales C)the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips D)people the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips 22.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2? A)Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.B)Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.C)It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.D)It needs to turn to the word market for development.23.One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that ________.A)consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands B)local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands C)products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits D)products identified as American will have promising market value
24.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned? A)To suit changing tastes of young consumers.B)To promote the company’s strategy of globalization.C)To change the company’s long-held marketing image.D)To compete with other American chip producers.25.Frito-Lay’s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market ________.A)won’t affect the eating habits of the local people B)will lead to economic imperialism C)will be in the interest of the local people D)won’t spoil the taste of their chips Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement.―We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,‖ one parent sail.―If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.―
Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent(有综合能力的).They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for then to solve this problem.The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month.―It’s extraordinary.Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,‖ said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing yp a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll(工资单)to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts its 38 schools.At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances.Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway.A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars.IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.“We employ thousands of people in this community,‖ said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds.―We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.‖
At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student.“We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.‖
26.What has happened to the Vrain School District? A)A huge financial problem has arisen.B)Many schools there are mismanaged.C)Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D)Many administrative personnel have been laid off.27.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage? A)They felt somewhat helpless about it.B)They accused those responsible for it.C)They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D)They demanded a through investigation.28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is ________.A)unavoidable B)unthinkable C)insolvable D)irreversible 29.Why did Coffman request an investigation? A)To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B)To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C)To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D)To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.30.Three high school students started a website in order to ________.A)attract greater public attention to their needs B)appeal to the public for contributions and donations C)expose officials who neglected their duties D)keep people properly informed of the crisis Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.‖ Said Dr.Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body.While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune(免疫的)function.In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences.In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory(血淋淋的)video on surgical procedures.Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs.The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones.In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function.―They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,‖ says Dr.Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York.But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.“Sustained stress is not good for you,‖ says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, ―It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.‖ 31.The passage is mainly about ________.A)the benefits of manageable stress B)stay away from C)run out of D)put up with 32.The word ―shun‖(Line 1, Para.1)most probably means ________.A)cut down on B)stay away from C)run out of D)put up with 33.We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that ________.A)people under stress tend to have a poor memory B)people who can’t get their job done experience more stress C)doing challenging work may be good for one’s health D)stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs
34.In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because ________.A)the video was not enjoyable at all B)the outcome was beyond their control C)they knew little about surgical procedures D)they felt no pressure while watching the video 35.Dr.Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that ________.A)a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body B)stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain C)short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function D)a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children.But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children ―I’m sorry I got angry with you, but...‖ what follows that ―but‖ can render the apology ineffective: ―I had a bad day‖ or ―your noise was giving me a headache‖ leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say ―I’m sorry you’re upset‖;this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.Saying ―I’m useless as a parent‖ does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become a
ware of the complexities of saying sorry.A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology.A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology.A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.36.If a mother adds ―but‖ to an apology, ________.A)she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized B)she does not realize that the child has been hurt C)the child may find the apology easier to accept D)the child may feel that he owes her an apology 37.According to the author, saying ―I’m sorry you’re upset‖ most probably means ―________‖.A)You have good reason to get upset B)I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame C)I apologize for hurting your feelings D)I’m at fault for making you upset
38.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ________.A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B)it may make the other person feel guilty C)it is vague and ineffective D)it is hurtful and insulting 39.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry ________.A)the complexities involved should be ignored B)their ages should be taken into account C)parents need to set them a good example D)parents should be patient and tolerant 40.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is ________.A)a social issue calling for immediate attention B)not necessary among family members C)a sign of social progress D)not as simple as it seems Part III Vocabulary(20 minutes)41.Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ________ of the motor industry is uncertain.A)terminal B)benefit C)fate D)estimate 42.To speed up the ________ of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.A)treatment B)delivery C)transmission D)departure 43.These overseas students show great ________ for learning a new language.A)enthusiasm
B)authority C)convention D)faith 44.The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ________ of the murder committed last month.A)observers B)witnesses C)audiences D)viewers 45.Politically these nations tend to be ________, with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.A)unstable B)reluctant C)rational D)unsteady 46.The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________ too much work last week.A)take to B)take out C)take away D)take on 47.―You try to get some sleep.I’ll ________ the patient’s breakfast, ―said the nurse.A)see to B)stick to C)get to D)lead to 48.The London Marathon is a difficult race.________, thousands of runners participate every year.A)Therefore B)Furthermore C)Accordingly D)Nevertheless 49.The bank refused to ________ him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.A)credit B)borrow C)loan D)lease 50.The more a nation’s companies ________ factories abroad, the smaller that country’s recorded exports will be.A)lie B)spot C)stand D)locate 51.Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ________ for breaking the law.A)excuse
B)intention C)option D)approval 52.Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military ________ in the coastal city.A)goals B)aims C)targets D)destinations 53.It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital ________ of milk.A)storage B)source C)reserve D)resource 54.―This light is too ________ for me to read by.Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where‖;said the elderly man.A)mild B)dim C)minute D)slight 55.We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ________ and go another day.A)reliable B)probable C)feasible D)flexible 56.We are quite sure that we can ________ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.A)get across B)get over C)get away D)get off 57.________ recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical.A)In view of B)In favor of C)In case of D)In memory of 58.Jessica was ________ from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.A)delivered B)exchanged C)transferred D)transformed 59.Mr.Smith asked his secretary to ________ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A)inject B)install C)invade D)insert 60.There’s the living room still to be ________, so that’s my next project.A)abandoned B)decorated C)dissolved D)assessed 61.The old paper mill has been ________ to make way for a new shopping centre.A)held down B)kept down C)cut down D)turn down 62.It may be necessary to stop ________ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.A)at a distance B)at intervals C)at case D)at length 63.You can hire a bicycle in many places.Usually you’ll have to pay a ________.A)deposit B)deal C)fare D)fond 64.My grandfather had always taken a ________ interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.A)splendid B)weighty C)vague D)keen 65.________ quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.A)Excessive B)Extensive C)Extreme D)Exclusive 66.John cannot afford to go to university, ________ going abroad.A)nothing but B)anything but C)not to speak of D)nothing to speak of 67.Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ________ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.A)involve B)compose C)enclose D)attach 68.If you don’t like to swim, you ________ as well stay at home.A)should B)may C)can D)would 69.Dr.Smith was always ________ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.A)reminded of B)absorbed in C)tended by D)concerned about 70.Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth ________ of American Independence.A)ceremony B)occasion C)occurrence D)anniversary Part IV Cloze(15 minutes)As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded ―Is there a doctor on board?‖ announcement.I’ve been __71__ only once—for a woman who had merely fainted.But the __72__ made me quite curious about how __73__ this kind of thing happens I wondered what I would do if __74__ with a real midair medical emergency-with out access __75__ a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.So __76__ the New England Journal of Medicine last week __77__ a study about in –flight medical events.I read it __78__ interest.The study estimated that there are a(n)__79__ of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S.flights every day.Most of them are not __80__;fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints.__81__ 13% of them –roughly four a day—are serious enough to __82__ a pilot to change course.The most common of the serious emergencies __83__ heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are __84__.For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly __85__ they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level.Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty __86__, but passengers with heart disease __87__ experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.__88__ common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economy class syndrome(综合症).__89__ happens, don’t panic.Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front.Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at __90__ one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.71.A)called B)addressed
C)informed D)surveyed 72.A)Accident B)condition C)incident D)disaster 73.A)soon B)long C)many D)often 74.A)confronted B)treated C)identified D)provided 75.A)for B)to C)by D)through 76.A)before B)since C)when D)while 77.A)collected B)conducted C)discovered D)published 78.A)by B)of C)with D)in 79.A)amount B)average C)sum D)number 80.A)significant B)heavy C)common D)serious 81.A)For B)On C)But D)So 82.A)require B)inspire
C)engage D)command 83.A)include B)confine C)imply D)contain 84.A)enjoyable B)stimulating C)tedious D)stressful 85.A)who B)what C)which D)that 86.A)harshly B)reluctantly C)easily D)casually 87.A)ought to B)may C)used to D)need 88.A)Any B)One C)Other D)Another 89.A)Whatever B)Whichever C)Whenever D)Wherever 90.A)most B)worst C)least D)best Part V Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点
2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3.我认为„
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
答案
Part I Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)21.D 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.D 31.D 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.C 36.D 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.D Part III Vocabulary(20 minutes)41.C 42.B 43.A 44.B 45.A 46.D 47.A 48.D 49.C 50.D 51.A 52.C 53.B 54.B 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.D 60.B 61.D 62.B 63.A 64.D 65.A 66.C 67.A 68.B 69.D 70.D Part IV Close(15 minutes)71.A 72.A 73.D 74.A 75.B 76.C 77.D 78.C 79.B 80.D 81.C 82.D 83.A 84.D 85.A 86.C 87.C 88.B 89.C 90.C Part V Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点
2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3.我认为„
Should the University Campus Be Open to tourism? Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attraction.It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China.In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions.On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university.On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon.In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing.The campus is mainly a place for
study.With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.听力原文
1.W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her.Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday.M: She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway.And I will call her about it this evening.Q: What does the man think Carol should do? 2.M: There is a non-stop train for Washington and it leaves at 2:30.W: It’s faster than the 2 o’clock train.Besides, we can have something to eat before getting on the train.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 3.M: Hi, Melissa, how’s your project going? Have you thought about going to graduate school? Perhaps you can get into Harvard.W: Everything is coming along really well.I have been thinking about graduate school.But I’ll talk to my tutor Dr.Garcia first and see what she thinks.Q: What do you learn about the woman from the conversation? 4.W: Did you attend Alice’s presentation last night? It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience.M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me!Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 5.W: You’ve been doing weather reports for neatly 30 years.Has the weather got any worse in all these years? M: Well, not necessarily worse.But we are seeing more swings.Q: What does the man say about the weather? 6.M: Excuse me, I am looking for the textbook by a Professor Jordon for the marketing course.W: I am afraid it’s out of stock.You’ll have to order it.And it will take the publisher 3 weeks to send it to us.Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place? 7.M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive.W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment.Q: What does the woman mean? 8.W: In my opinion, watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English.What do you think? M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards.Q: What does the man say about learning English? 9.M: I hear a newly-invented drug can make people tell the truth and it may prove useful in questioning terrorists.Isn’t it incredible?
W: Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed.As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work.Q: What does the woman think of the new drug? 10.M: You know the electronics company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students next week.W: Really? What day? I’d like to talk to them and hand in my resume.Q: What does the woman want to do? Passage one A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart.More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year.The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives.People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature.Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks.About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs.The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats.The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%.They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation.The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked.However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.What is the finding of the new study of aspirin? 12.In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors? 13.What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin? Passage Two Were you the first or the last child in you family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think it matters where you were born in you family.But there are different ideas about what birth order means.Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed.They are very likely to be successful.The reason for this is simple.Parents have a lot of time for their first child;they give him or her a lot of attention.So this child is very likely to do well.An only child will succeed for the same reason.What happens to the other children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important.If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment.He or she is the baby.Often this child grows up to be funny and charming.Do you believe these ideas of birth order too? A recent study saw things quite differently.The study found that first children believed in family rules.They didn’t take many chances in their lives.They usually followed orders.Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family.They went out and followed their own ideas.They took chances and they often did better in life.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.According to common belief, in what way are the first child and the only child alike? 15.What do people usually say about middle children? 16.What do we learn about later children in a family from a recent study of birth order? Passage Three When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings.As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea doer seem peculiar.To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind.The first excuse I give is an economic one.Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight.The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development.By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few
million.On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars.My second argument is more philosophical.The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space.In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile.If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids.The diving suit helped the design of the space suit.The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.How did the speaker’s friends respond to his change of interest?
18.What is one of the reasons for the speaker to switch his interest to underwater exploration? 19.In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel? 20.What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this talk? 2005年12月大学英语四级真题解析
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her.Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday.M: She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway.And I will call her about it this evening.Question: What does the man think Carol should do?
【预测】 观察四个选项，从doctor, in bed, treatment等词判断话题和生病有关。
【解析】 答案为A)。细节题。女士说Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday提出了话题，男士说She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway明示了答案。
【注释】 1）anyway：不管怎么说。2）hurt：（主动用法）痛。
2.M: There is a non-stop train for Washington and it leaves at 2:30.W: It is faster than the 2 o’clock train.Besides, we can have something to eat before getting on the train.Question: What do we learn from the conversation?
【预测】 观察四个选项，主题显然是和train有关。三个选项含有时间，听时应注意和时间相关的信息。
【解析】 答案为C)。推理题。男士提出话题“两点半有一列火车开”，女士说It is faster than the 2 o’clock train.Besides, we can have something to eat before getting on the train列举了两个正面理由1）更快；2）上车前有时间吃点东西。由此可推理出她愿意坐此列车。故选C)。
【注释】 dinning car：餐车；non-stop：中间不停站的。
3.M: Hi, Melissa, how is your project going? Have you thought about going to graduate school? Perhaps you can get into Harvard.W: Everything is coming along really well.I have been thinking about graduate school.But I’ll have to talk to my tutor Doctor Garseer first and see what she thinks.Question: What do learn about the woman from the conversation?
【预测】 观察四个选项，从university, project, graduate school等词推测话题可能和学校有关。
【解析】 答案为D)。细节题。男士问句Have you thought about going to graduate school?提出了主题，女士答道But I’ll have to talk to my tutor Doctor Garseer first and see what she thinks，此细节与D)完全符合。D)中的consult sb即“咨询某人”，等同于talk to sb。
【注释】 1）Everything is coming along really well：一切进展顺利。2）graduate school：研究生院。
4.W: Did you attend Alice’s presentation last night? It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience.M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me!
Question: What do we learn from the conversation?
【预测】 观察四个选项，nervous, speech, training, presentation, Alice等词提示此对话考对Alice所作的一个演讲的评价。
【解析】 答案为A)。细节题。男士How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me!中的so calm和A)中的not nervous相符。所以选A)。
【注释】 sth is beyond me：我无法明白某事。
5.W: You have been doing weather reports for nearly 30 years.Has the weather got any worse in all these years?
M: Well, not necessarily worse.But we are seeing more swings.Question: What does the man say about the weather?
【预测】 观察四个选项，temperature, weather等词提示了话题，而30years ago, the same as before提示了考点可能在于现在和以前天气的对比。
【解析】 答案为C)。细节题。女士说Has the weather got any worse in all these years?提出了话题。男士答But we are seeing more swings（我们看到更多的骤变），此句的信息与C)(现在气候极端更多)符合。
【注释】 1）swing：摇摆，拨动，回旋，巨变。2）not necessarily：不一定。
6.M: Excuse me, I am looking for the textbook by Professor Jordon for the Marketing course.W: I am afraid it’s out of stock.You’ll have to order it.And it will take the publisher 3 weeks to send it to us.Question: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
【预测】 观察四个选项，考地点。
【解析】 答案为B)。时间地点题。男士提出了主题I am looking for the textbook，女士说I am afraid it’s out of stock.（恐怕脱销了）。显然是在书店发生的对话。
【注释】 1）marketing course：市场学课程。2)stock：库存。3）publisher：出版商。
7.M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive.W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment.Question: What does the woman mean? 预测】 观察四个选项，从the man, her brother, stay, apartment, cheap hotel等词提示对话和女士的兄弟帮男士找住处有关。
【解析】 答案为A)。细节题。女士说Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment明示了答案。
【注释】 1）book a hotel：预定饭店。2）spare room：空余房间。
8.W: In my opinion, watching News on TV is a good way to learn English.What do you think?
M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards.Question: What did the man say about learning English?
【预测】 观察四个选项，考的是reading和listening之间的关系。
【解析】 答案为C)。推理题。女士说看电视新闻学英语很好，男士答It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards（事后再看看报上相同的新闻就更好），所暗示的信息和C)(听结合说更有效)一致。
【注释】 afterwards：然后；combine A with B：把A和B结合起来。
9.M: I hear a newly-invented drug can make people tell the truth and it may prove useful in questioning terrorists.Isn’t it incredible?
W: Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed.As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work.Question: What does the woman think of the new drug?
【预测】 观察四个选项，从solve complex problems, weapon against terrorists, detect liars来推测，考点的it可能是某种新发明的东西，例如仪器或设备等。
【解析】 答案为B)。细节题。男士说有一种新药被发明了，可以让人说真话，女士答道As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work，对男士所说的话持否定态度。所以选B)(它很可能证明无效)。
【注释】 1)newly-invented：新发明的。2）question terrorists：审问恐怖分子。3）Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed：用简单的方法来解决复杂的问题往往行不通。
10.M: You know the electronics company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students next week.W: Really? What day? I’d like to talk to them and hand in my resume.Question: What does the woman want to do?
【预测】 观察四个选项，company, recruit(招募)，part-time job, apply for job等词提示话题和找工作有关。
【解析】 答案为D)。细节题。男士说有一家电子公司要到校园来招聘。女士立刻表示兴趣说道I’d like to talk to them and hand in my resume，信息和D)符合。
【注释】 1）recruit：招募。2）graduate students：研究生。
Section B
Passage 1
A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart.More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year.The doctors who carried out this study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives.People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature.Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks.About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs.The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats.The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%.They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operations.The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked.However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.【大意】本文介绍了一个新研究的结论：在一种心脏手术后立即服用阿司匹林可以大大的降低死亡率，因为此药能阻止血液变得粘稠以及血管被堵塞。但是，也存在禁忌症。
【解析】
11.What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?
答案为D）。细节题。出处A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life
threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart。
12.In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors?
答案为A）。细节题。出处为doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked.。
13.What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?
答案为A）。细节题。出处为However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery。
Passage 2
Were you the first or the last child in your family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think it matters where you were born in your family.But there are different ideas about what birth order means.Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed.They are very likely to be successful.The reason for this is simple: parents have a lot of time for their first child, they give him or her a lot of attention.So this child is very likely to do well.An only child will succeed for the same reason.What happens to the other children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important.If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment.He or she is the baby.Often this child grows up to be funny and charming.Do you believe this idea of birth order too? A recent study saw things quite differently.The study found that first children believed in family rules.They didn’t take many chances in their lives.They usually followed orders.Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family.They went out and followed their own ideas.They took chances and they often did better in life.【大意】 实验表明，在家排行老几会影响到人的性格。通常最大的和最小的孩子受到更多关注，中间的则容易被忽略。老大相信家庭的规则，不愿冒险，而这个规律在其他的孩子身上不通用。
【解析】
14.According to common belief, in what way are the first child and the only child alike?
答案为B)。细节题。出处为Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed.They are very likely to be successful以及The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment.He or she is the baby.Often this child grows up to be funny and charming。
15.What do people usually say about middle children?
答案为C)。细节题。出处为Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important.If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd。
16.What do we learn about later children in a family from a recent study of birth order?
答案为A)。细节题。出处为Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family.They went out and followed their own ideas.They took chances and they often did better in life。
Passage 3
When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings.As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar.To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind.The first excuse I give is an economic one.Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight.The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development.By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million.On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be
bought for 20 dollars.My second argument is more philosophical.The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space.In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile.If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids.The diving suit helped the design of the space suit.The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.【大意】 本文介绍了“我”为什么从研究了20年的太空领域转向了海洋探索，有两方面的原因：一是经济原因—海洋探索比太空探索便宜的多；二是哲学原因—海洋和太空有太多的相似之处。
【解析】
17.How did the speaker’s friends respond to his change of interest?
答案为C)。细节题。出处When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends。confusion一词和C)中的puzzled对应。
18.What is one of the reasons for the speaker to switch his interest to underwater exploration?
答案为B)。细节题。出处为Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight。
19.In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel?
答案为B)。推测题。出处为The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space.In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile.If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids.The diving suit helped the design of the space suit.The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere。大意为：海洋和太空有很多相同之处。它们都充满着敌意：我们想要在里面生存，就需要机械协助，如航空服和潜水服。在海底时人的感觉和在太空很接近。所以可以看出两者都充满着挑战。故选B)。
20.What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this talk?
答案为D)。主旨题。出处为：To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind。全文从两个角度来解释了原因。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
【概要】
本文的主题是乐事薯片，文章开始讲述了乐事薯片的现状，之后通过现状引发乐事薯片的未来发展方向，接着探讨了其发展海外市场战略的两个理由，最后通过乐事公司高层管理人员之口阐明乐事薯片对当地经济的积极影响。
【解析】
21.事实细节题。确定题干关键词Frito-Lay’s head of global marking，答案出处为第1段最后一句。该句表明世界人们无法抵抗乐事薯片的诱惑。答案为D)。
22.结论推断题。题干已给出答案所在地，即第2段。该段第2句中的but暗示作者笔锋一转，重点落在了公司要发展必须拓展海外市场。答案为D)。
23.事实细节题。确定题干关键词assumptions和development strategy，出处为第3段第2句。该句表明消费者对全球品牌尤为独衷。答案为A)。
24.事实细节题。确定题干关键词logo redesigned，答案出处为第4段第2句。该句表明重新设计品牌标志是为了更好地推行公司的全球化政策。答案为B)。
25.事实细节题。确定题干关键词Frito-Lay's executives，答案出处为最后一段最后一句。该句表明公司的执行主管们认为该公司只会促进当地经济的发展。答案为C)。
【难点】
1.saturate：使饱和, 浸透, 使充满。
2.be drawn to：被吸引，热衷于。
Passage 2
【概要】
本文介绍了美国丹佛北部某学校的财政危机问题，文章开始开门见山提出问题，接着从该地区的居民、社会和政府对该校财政的支持，结尾处又介绍了学生们对此事的关注。
【解析】
26.事实细节题。确定题干关键词Vrain School District，答案出处为第1段地1句。该句表明该校出现了大笔预算短缺问题。答案为A)。
27.事实细节题。确定题干关键词residents in the Vrain School District，答案出处为第1段引言部分。该引言说明当地居民都极力想帮助该校度过此次财政困难。答案为C)。
28.事实细节题。确定题干关键词State Treasurer Mike Coffman，答案出处为第3段第2句。Coffman认为此事的发生令人难以想象。答案为B)。
29.事实细节题。确定题干关键词request an investigation，答案出处为第5段第3句。该句表明Coffman想知道该地区的官员是否将该校的财政问题隐瞒至十一月大选之后才公诸于众。答案为A)。
30.事实细节题。确定题干关键词high school students和website，答案出处为最后一段最后一句。该句表明这些学生的目的就是要自己和所有其他人都知道真相。答案为D)。
【难点】
1.pitch in：努力投入。
2.ease one’s burden：减轻某人的负担。
3.at one’s request：在某人的要求下，按某人的要求。
4.bond issue：债券发行。
5.raise funds：筹集资金。
Passage 3 【概要】
本文讨论了压力对人们的积极和消极影响作用。文章一开始指出尽管长时间的压力的确有负面影响作用，但具有挑战性的情形对身体也有益。之后，文章通过实例和研究结果证实了前面的观点。最后，文章引用了两位科学家的话来总结短时和长时压力的影响。
【解析】
31.结论推断题。本文另辟蹊径，始终在论证可控制的压力的好处。答案为A)。
32.词义句义题。题干已给出答案所在地，即第1段第1行。该行中的any more than是并列比较结构，所以avoid一词与shun当为近义。答案为B)。
33.结论推断题。确定题干关键词study of the 158 nurses in 2001，答案出处为第2段。该段表明那些面临压力又能妥善应对的人往往更为健康。答案为C)。
34.事实细节题。题干已给出答案所在地，即第3段。该段第1句中已表明只有善于控制压力才会受益。答案为B)。
35.事实细节题。确定题干关键词Bruce McEwen，答案出处为第3段第2句和第3句。第2句表明短期内压力有助于记忆，然后在第3句中应用Bruce McEwen的话加以证明。答案为C)。
【难点】略。
Passage 4
【概要】
本文介绍了父母如何对子女道歉并教育他们如何向别人道歉。文章一开头指出道歉非易
事，然后指出了几种道歉方式的缺点和问题，最后总结教育孩子在道歉时要注意道歉的复杂性。
【解析】
36.事实细节题。确定题干关键词mother adds “but”，答案出处为第2段。该段表明在道歉时，如果后面加以转折会让孩子觉得有所亏欠。答案为D)。
37.结论推断题。确定题干关键词“I’m sorry you’re upset”，答案出处为第3段。该段表明如此道歉只是在暗示自己没有错。答案为B)。
38.结论推断题。确定题干关键词general, all-covering apology，答案出处为第4段。该段第2句表明如此道歉过于笼统，无法达成具体效果。答案为C)。
39.结论推断题。题干已给出答案所在地，即最后一段。该段讲到了对于不同年龄阶段的小孩应教会他们根据不同对象和情形采取不同的道歉方法。答案为B)。
40.结论推断题。本文从头到尾都在讨论各种无效的道歉形式，并提出了有效的道歉方法，由此可见道歉并非易事。答案为D)。
【难点】
1.tricky：狡猾的，机警的。
2.render：致使。
3.be at fault：范错。
4.pseudo：假的，冒充的。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41.【解析】语境题。根据题干中oil is scarce和motor industry之间的关系，再结合四个选项，terminal表示“终点站，终端”；benefit表示“利益，好处”；fate表示“命运，运气”；estimate表示“估计，估价，评估”。只有fate 符合题意，答案为C)。
42.【解析】语境题。根据题干中speed up和post office，得知空格处应填入表示“送信”的词。treatment表示“对待，处理，治疗”；delivery表示“递送，交付，分娩，交货”；transmission表示“播送，发射，传送，传输”；departure表示“出发，离开”。答案为B)。
43.【解析】语境题。根据题干中show和for learning a new language，得知空格处应填入表示“热情”的词。enthusiasm表示“狂热，积极性”；authority表示“权威，威信，权威人士”；convention表示“大会，协定，习俗，惯例”；faith表示“信任，信念，宗教信仰，忠实”。答案为A)。
44.【解析】语境题。根据题干中questioning和murder，得知空格处应填入表示“证人”的词。observer表示“观测者，观察员，遵守者”；witness表示“证人，目击者”；audience表示“听众，观众”；viewer表示“电视观众，阅读器”。答案为B)。
45.【解析】近义词。根据题干中with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy，空格处应填入表示“不稳定的”的词。unstable表示“不牢固的，不稳定的”；reluctant表示“不顾的，勉强的”；rational表示“理性的，合理的”；unsteady表示“不稳固的，平稳的”。只有unstable可以修饰nation，答案为A)。
46.【解析】词组搭配题。根据题干中was blamed for和too much work，得知空格处应填入表示“做”的词。take to表示“喜欢，沉溺于”；take out表示“拿出，取出，去掉”；take away表示“取走”；take on表示“呈现，具有，担任(工作)，承担(责任)”。答案为D)。
47.【解析】词组搭配题。根据题干中the patient's breakfast和the nurse，得知空格处应填入表示“负责”的词。see to表示“负责，注意”；stick to表示“粘住”；get to表示“到达，接触到，开始，对„„有影响”；lead to表示“导致，通向”。答案为A)。
48.【解析】语境题。根据题干中前后两句话的逻辑关系，得知空格处填入的词应该表示转折关系。therefore表示“因此”；furthermore表示“此外，而且”；accordingly表示“因
此，从而”；nevertheless表示“然而，不过”。答案为D)。
49.【解析】语境题。根据题干中so he had to postpone buying a house，得知空格处应填入表示“贷款”的词。credit表示“相信，信任，把„„归给”；borrow表示“借入”；loan表示“贷款，借给”；lease表示“出租，租出”。答案为C)。
50.【解析】语境题。根据题干，再结合四个选项，lie表示“躺，平放”；spot表示“沾污，弄脏，侦察”；stand表示“站，持久，经受”；locate表示“查找„„的地点，使„„坐落于，位于”。只有locate 符合题意，答案为D)。
51.【解析】语境题。根据题干，再结合四个选项，excuse表示“借口”；intention表示“企图”；option表示“选择”；approval表示“同意”。只有excuse符合题意，答案为A)。
52.【解析】近义词。根据题干中fire more than two hundred rockets and missiles和military，空格处应填入表示“目标”的词。goal，aims和target都有“目标”的意思。但是，goal侧重表示长远的目标；aim侧重表示短期的目标；target侧重表示靶子。destination表示“目的地”。target最合适，答案为C)。
53.【解析】语境题。根据题干中goat和milk，得知空格处应填入表示“来源”的词。storage表示“存储”；reserve表示“储备(物)，储藏量，预备队”；resource表示“资源，财力”；source表示“来源”。答案为D)。54.【解析】语境题。根据题干中bright bulb，得知空格处应填入表示“暗”的词。mild表示“温和的，温柔的，轻微的，适度的”；dim表示“暗淡的，模糊的，无光泽的”；minute表示“微小的，详细的”；slight表示“轻微的，微小的”。只有dim符合题意，答案为B)。
55.【解析】 语境题。根据题干中go another day，再结合四个选项，reliable表示“可靠的”；probable表示“很可能的”；feasible表示“可行的”；flexible表示“灵活的”。只有flexible符合题意，答案为D)。
56.【解析】 词组搭配题。根据题干中present difficulties和finish the task according to schedule，得知空格处应填入表示“克服”的词。get across表示“(使)越过，通过，被理解”；get over表示“爬过，克服，熬过”；get away表示“逃脱，离开，把„„送走”；get off表示“下来，脱下，出发”。答案为B)。
57.【解析】 语境题。根据题干中we do not think your scheme is practical，得知空格处应填入表示“依据”的词。in view of表示“考虑到，依据，由于”；in favor of表示“赞同，有利于”；in case of表示“假设，万一”；in memory of表示“纪念，追念”。答案为A)。
58.【解析】语境题。根据题干中from the warehouse to the accounting office和which was considered a promotion，得知空格处应填入表示“调任”的词。deliver表示“递送”；exchange表示“交换，交流”；transfer表示“迁移，传递，转移，调任”；transform表示“转换，改变，改造，使„„变形”。答案为C)。
59.【解析】语境题。根据题干中a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing，再结合四个选项，inject表示“注射”；install表示“安装，安置”；invade表示“侵略，侵袭”；insert表示“插入，嵌入”。只有insert符合题意，答案为D)。
60.【解析】语境题。根据题干中the living room和so that's my next project，再结合四个选项，abandon表示“放弃，遗弃”；decorate表示“装饰”；dissolve表示“溶解”；assess表示“估定，评定”。只有decorated符合题意，答案为B)。
61.【解析】语境题。根据题干中to make way for a new shopping centre，得知空格处应填入表示“废弃”的词。abandon表示“放弃，遗弃”；decorate表示“装饰”；dissolve表示“溶解”；hold down表示“压制，抑制”。答案为A)。
62.【解析】语境题。根据题干中stop和go back to the difficult points in the lessons，再结合四个选项，at a distance表示“在远处”；at intervals表示“不时”； at length表示“最
后, 详细地”；没有 at case这个词组。只有at intervals符合题意，答案为B)。
63.【解析】语境题。根据题干中hire a bicycle，可推断空缺处应填入表“押金”的词。deposit表示“押金，保证金”；deal表示“交易，待遇”； fare表示“费用，食物”；fond表示“喜爱的，宠爱的”。答案为A)。
64.【解析】语境题。根据题干中interest和and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time，再结合四个选项，splendid表示“壮丽的，辉煌的”；weighty表示“重的”； vague表示“含糊的，不清楚的”；keen表示“热烈的，热情的，锋利的，敏锐的”。只有keen能修饰interest，符合题意，答案为D)。
65.【解析】语境题。根据题干中water being used和with the rapid development of industry and agriculture，得知空格处应填入表示“大量”的词。excessive表示“过多的，过分的”；extensive表示“广大的，广阔的，广泛的”；extreme表示“极端的，极度的”；exclusive表示“排外的，独占的，唯一的”。只有excessive符合题意，答案为A)。
66.【解析】词组搭配题。根据题干中cannot afford to go to university和going abroad，得知空格处应填入表示“更不必提”的词。nothing but表示“只”；anything but表示“决不”；not to speak of表示“(更)不用说, 当然”；nothing to speak of表示“没有什么, 不值一提”。答案为C)。
67.【解析】语境题。根据题干中taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place，再结合四个选项，involve表示“包括”；compose表示“组成，写作”；enclose表示“放入封套，装入”；attach表示“缚上，系上，贴上”。只有involve符合题意，答案为A)。
68.【解析】词组搭配题。根据题干中as well stay at home，得知空格处填入的词要和as well构成词组，表示“最好”的意思。只有may as well有这个意思，其它选项都不能和as well构成词组，所以答案为B)。
69.【解析】语境题。根据题干中often providing them with free medical care，再结合四个选项，be reminded of表示“被提醒，使记起”；be absorbed in表示“全神贯注于，专心于”；be tended by表示“被照顾”；be concerned about表示“关心，挂念”。只有concerned about符合题意，答案为D)。
70.【解析】语境题。根据题干中July 4和American Independence，再结合历史常识，得知空格处应填入表示“周年”的词。ceremony表示“典礼，仪式”；occasion表示“场合”；occurrence表示“发生，出现，事件”；anniversary表示“周年纪念”。答案为D)。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
71.上下文。根据空格前后，作者提到总会有人问“飞机上是否有医生”。因为仅仅有个女人晕倒了，所以就叫了我。这里隐含了作者本人是医生，所以叫医生这个词组中应使用call。答案为A)。
72.名词辩义。accident：表示“意外事情，事故”；condition：“情况，条件”；incident：表示“事件，事变”；disaster：“灾难”。空格前的the指代前面提到的事情，这个事情是个意外。答案为A)。
73.词语搭配。how soon：表示“多久”；how long：“多长”；how many：表示“多少”；how often问的是频率。整个句子讲述了作者对这种事情发生的频率很好奇。答案为D)。
74.动词辨析。confront与with搭配表示“面对，面临”；treat与with搭配表示“处理，应付”；identify与with搭配表示“认同”；provide与with搭配表示“提供装备”。句子表示“如果我在半空中遇到紧急的医学事故，我会怎么办”。答案为A）。
75.固定搭配。access后面跟介词to，意为“有权使用，能够得到”。答案为B)。
76.连词。空格前后表示“当《新英格兰医药杂志》上星期发表了一篇关于飞行中的医疗紧急情况的报告时”，所以when是合适的选择。p before表示“在„之前”；since表示“自„
以来”；while表示“在„期间”。答案为C)。
77.动词辨析。collect意为“收集，聚集”；conduct表示“开展，引导”；discover表示“发现，发觉”；publish表示“发行，出版，发表”。根据原句，此处选择与report搭配的动词表示“发表报告”。答案为D)。
78.固定搭配。上下文表示“饶有兴趣地读报告”，with与名词搭配可以表示方式。答案为C)。
79.词语理解。an amount of表示“大量”，并且不能与具体数字搭配；an average of表示“平均是”；sum表示“数量”；a number of表示“一些”。根据文中，表示每个平均每天有30起飞行中的医疗紧急情况。答案B)。
80.词语理解。significant表示“重要的，重大的”；heavy表示“重的，有分量的”；common表示“普遍的，常见的”；serious表示“严重的”。根据句意，这里说这些紧急情况其实并不严重，一般都是晕倒或者是头晕。答案为D)。
81.上下文。前一句提到了并不严重的情况，但是空格后一句则是指严重情况，所以两个句子之间是转折关系。答案为C)。
82.动词辨析。require意为“需要，要求”；inspire表示“激发，鼓舞”；engage意为“雇佣，忙碌，参加”；command意为“命令”。根据句意“这些情况严重到要飞行员改变航线的程度”。答案为A)。
83.动词辨析。include表示“包括”；confine意为“限制，紧闭”；imply表示“暗示，意味”；contain意为“容纳，包容”。根据上下文，句子意义为“常见的严重紧急情况包括心脏疾病，中风和呼吸困难”。答案为A)。
84.上下文。enjoyable表示“令人愉快的，享受的”；stimulating意为“刺激的”；tedious意为“沉闷的，单调的”；stressful表示“有压力的”。根据句意，作者要我们面对一个事实，那就是飞行的性质，作者在上下文中都提到了，即飞行并不都是一帆风顺，令人舒畅的，并且在下文提pressure表示“压力”，所以这里的选词应与此呼应。答案为D)。
85.语法。此处需要填写一个宾语，选项中只有what可以有此用法。答案为B)。
86.词语理解。harshly表示“严厉地，苛刻地”；reluctantly意为“勉强地，不愿意地”；easily表示“容易地，轻易地”；casually表示“偶然地”。根据句意“大部分人能够轻易地忍受这些压力，但是„”。答案为C)。
87.上下文。根据句意“大部分人能够轻易地忍受这些压力，但是心脏病人会怎么样？”心脏病人有可能会感到胸部疼痛，是一种可能性，所以用may。答案为B)。
88.上下文。前文提到了飞行过程中一个常见情况是心脏病人的胸部疼痛，这里提到了除此之外的另一个常见情况，表示“一个，另一个”用one, another。答案为D)。
89.语法。Whatever表示“无论什么”；Whichever意为“无论哪一个”；Whenever表示“无论何时”；Wherever表示“无论哪里”。空格前后表示“无论发生什么情况都不要慌张”。答案为A)。
90.固定搭配。At most表示“最多”；at worst意为“最糟”；at least表示“最少”；at best表示“最多”。空格前后表示“由于最新的立法，90个乘客以上的航班开始配置紧急医疗成套设备”。为C)。
Part Ⅴ Writing
【审题】阅读题目要求，考生应当把握下述几点：
本文的体裁（典型的议论文）?
本文的主旨（whether well-noted campus should be opened to tourists探讨名校校园可否作为旅游景点开放）?
【纲要】按照题目提供的大纲，本文可相应写为三部分：
开门见山，陈述主题现象?
Introduce the topic
（如：在诸多旅行社的宣传单页上可见某些大学校园。From many a pamphlet of travel agencies, campus of famous universities has been listed among tourist attraction.）
从正反两方面分别探讨该议题?
Discuss the topic from two aspects, including approval and opposition
（如：名校校园具有浓郁的人文气息和较高的可观赏价值，应当对游客开放；但这种做法可能会对正常的校园秩序带来不利。With accumulated cultural atmosphere & high value of tourism, campus ought to be opened to travelers, which may brings negative impacts to the serene academic order of students.）
提出个人建议，折中上述两种对立观点?
Put forward personal suggestions, reconciling both opinions
（可在寒暑假期对游客开放名校校园，一举两得。Well-known campus can be opened during summer & winter vacations, which caters to both sides.）
【范文】
Nowadays a large number of campuses of well-known universities have been listed as tourist spots by many a travel agency, which attracts travelers home and abroad.However, there is no consensus among most people.Some hold the idea that time-honored universities with great prestige have definitely accumulated incredible culture and knowledge deposit and they can offer tourists an impressive experience or even help to realize people’s dreams to be enrolled into them.Whereas, others voice divergent opinion that well-noted colleges can not be opened to tourists, who will inevitably disturb the serene atmosphere for students more or less.As far as I am concerned, those opinions are actually reconcilable.As travelers want to pay a visit to certain institutions, we can schedule the tours during the interval of winter and summer vacations, which can both cater to travelers’ interest and maintain the academic tranquility for underclassmen.
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