成语故事(中英对照)

第一篇：成语故事(中英对照)

抱薪救火

战国末期，秦国向魏国接连发动大规模的进攻，魏国无力抵抗，大片土地都被秦军占领了。到公元前273年，秦国又一次向魏国出兵，势头空前猛烈。

魏王把大臣们召来，愁眉苦脸地问大家有没有使秦国退兵的办法。大臣们由于经过多年的战乱，提起打仗就吓得哆嗦，谁也不敢谈“抵抗”二字。在这大兵压境的危急时刻，多数大臣都劝魏王，用黄河以北和太行山以南的大片土地为代价，向秦王求和。

谋士苏代听了这些话，很不以为然，忙上前对魏王说：“大王，他们是因为自己胆小怕死，才让您去卖国求和，根本不为国家着想。您想，把大片土地割让给秦国虽然暂时满足了秦王的野心，但秦国的欲望是无止境的，只要魏国的土地没割完，秦军就不会停止进攻我们。”

说到这里，苏代讲了一个故事：从前有一个人，他的房子起火了，别人劝他快用水去浇灭大火，但他不听，偏抱起一捆柴草去救火，是因为他不懂得柴草不但不能灭火反而能助长火势的道理。大王若同意拿着魏国土地去求和，不就等于抱着柴草救火吗？”

尽管苏代讲得头头是道，但是胆小的魏王只顾眼前的太平，还是依大臣们的意见把魏国大片土地割让给秦国。到公元225年，果然秦军又向魏国大举进攻，包围了国都大梁，掘开黄河大堤让洪水淹没了大梁城，魏国终于被秦国灭掉了。

故事出自《史记·魏世家》。成语“抱薪救火”比喻用错误的方法去消灭祸害，结果反而使祸害扩大。

Carrying Faggots to Put Out a Fire In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself.In 273 B.B., the qin army launched another attack upon the State of Wei with a momentum more vigorous than ever.The king of the State of Wei summoned his officials,and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army.After years of chaos caused by the wars,the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak ofresistance.At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the offinials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain.However Su Dai, a counsellor, did not agree.He hurried up to the king and said:“Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all.It is just because they are cowardly and afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country.Of course you can temperarily satisfy the ambition of the king of the State of Qin is insatiably greedy.It will never stop assaulting us until our land is totally given away.”Once there was a man whose house was on fire.People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen.Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer.That was because he didn't know that,instead of putting out the fire, faggots could only make it burning more vigorously.Isn't it equivalent to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?“Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei.For the king of the State of Wei was cowardly and only cared for peace at the moment.As might be expected,the Qin army assaulted the State of Wei on a large scale in 225 B.C.,surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes of the Huanghe River.The State of Wei was finally destroyed by the State of Qin.This story appears in the Historical Records Written by Sima Qian.The set phrase”carrying faggots to put out a fire"is used to mean adopting a wrong method to save a situation and ending up by making it worse.

第二篇：中英对照彩图成语故事集锦

中英对照彩图成语故事集锦

一、中国古代成语故事 1.惊弓之鸟

Birds Startled by the Mere Twang of a Bowstring

战国时期（公元前403―221年中国中原地区各诸侯国连年争战的时代）魏国有个名叫更羸的人。一天，他对国王说：“我只要拉开弓，空射一下，就能把天上的鸟射下来。”国王不相信。更羸便对准天上飞来的一只雁射去，果真那只雁听到拉弦的声音就掉了下来。国王感到很奇怪。更羸说，“那是一只受过伤的雁。它一听到我拉开弓弦的声响，就惊慌得支持不住，自然要掉下来了。”

In the Warring States Period, there was a man in the State of Wei called Geng Lei.One day he said to the king: 'I can shoot down birds by simply plucking my bowstring.' When the king expressed doubt, Geng Lei pointed his bow at a wild goose flying in the sky, twanged the bowstring, and the goose fell to the ground.Geng Lei said, 'This goose has been hurt in the past.Hearing the twang of the bowstring, it assumed that it was doomed.So it simply gave up trying to live.'

寓意1：“惊弓之鸟”这个成语比喻受过惊恐之后，有一点动静就特别害怕。

This idiom means that if one has been frightened in the past one's will may become paralysed in a similar situation.寓意2：后人根据上面的故事，形成了“惊弓之鸟”这个成语，形容先前多次受过惊吓的人，忽然遇到同样可怕的事物，就吓得魂飞魄散，惊惶失措，不知如何去应付新的环境。

Henceforth comes the idiom “A bird startled by the mere twang of a bow-string”, illustrating a case where a man who had been previously and repeatedly frightened became numb and stupefied by a new thing of the same nature not knowing how to face the new situation.例1：汤姆越狱後, 时时如惊弓之鸟, 生怕再次被捕。

Since he escaped from gaol, Tom has been living on a razor's edge, terrified of recapture.例2：地震之后，那个地区的人都成了惊弓之鸟，稍有风吹草动就要逃到街上去。

People there became so frightened after the quake that they would run into the streets once they sensed something wrong.2.毛遂自荐

Mao Sui Recommending Himself

战国时代，秦国军队攻打赵国的都城。赵国的平原君打算亲自到楚国去请救兵，想挑选一个精明能干的人一同前去。有一个名叫毛遂的人，自告奋勇愿意同去。平原君到楚国后，与楚王谈了半天，没有一点结果。毛遂怒气冲冲地拿着宝剑，逼近楚王，终于迫使楚王答应出兵，与赵国联合共同抵抗秦国。

In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin besieged the capital of the State of Zhao.Duke Pingyuan of Zhao planned to ask the ruler of the State of Chu personally for assistance.He wanted to select a capable man to go with him.A man called Mao Sui volunteered.When the negoti-actions between the two states were stalled because the ruler of Chu hesitated to send troops, Mao Sui approached him, brandishing a sword.At that, the ruler of Chu agreed to help Zhao, against Qin.“毛遂自荐”这个成语用来比喻自己推荐自己，不必别人介绍。This idiom means to recommend oneself.例1：当老师问到有没有人愿意为孤寡老人服务时，同学们各个毛遂自荐，教室里一时热闹非凡。

When the teacher asked if anyone would like to help the childless old, all the students

offered to take the duty and the classroom was at once full of noise and excitement 例2：将来说不定您会需要一位新的译员。因而在此不揣冒昧，特致函向阁下毛遂自荐，敬请原谅。

Someday in the future you may have need for a new interpreter.So I take the liberty of writing you here to to offer myself for a position in your corporation.例3：然后她坦率地告诉他自己曾是一个妓女，她想毛遂自荐作为他的一个情妇。

After that,she told him frankly that she was a prostitute, and she wondered whether she could offer herself as his mistress.3.世外桃源

A Haven of Peace and Happiness

东晋的文学家陶渊明写了一片著名的文章叫《桃花源记》。叙述一个渔人出外捕鱼的时候，偶然来到了桃花源这个地方。从这里通过一个山洞，发现了一个村子，这里的居民是秦朝时避难人的后代。这是一个与世隔绝、没有剥削和压迫、人人安居乐业的美好社会。渔人告别村民回家以后，再也找不到这个地方了。

Tao Yuanming, a famous writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317-420), wrote the well-known essay Peach-Blossom Spring.In it he tells a story which goes like this: A fisherman happened to come upon a place called Peach-Blossom Spring.Squeezing through a cave, he found a village, the residents of which were descendants of refugees from the Qin Dynasty.It was a paradise isolated from the outside world, without exploitation or oppression, and everybody living and working in peace and contentment.The fisherman left the villagers and went home.But he could never find the place again.后来，由这个故事产生了“世外桃源”这个成语，用来比喻与世隔绝的、理想的美好世界。This idiom is derived from the above story, and is used to mean an isolated, ideal world.例1：进入九寨沟如同进入世外桃源一般，人间烦恼都会置于脑后。

Upon entering the resort, you will find yourself strolling in a haven of peace, leaving behind nothing but earthly troubles and vexations.例2：西藏的确是世界上最后一个世外桃源。来到这儿，我感觉好像置身于一个世外桃源。

Tibet is really the world's last Shangri-La, and when I came here, I felt as if I had been in a different world.4.南辕北辙

Going South by Driving the Chariot North

从前有个人要到南方去，他坐的车子却向北方行驶。过路人说：“你去南方，车子怎么向北行驶呢？”他回答说：“我的马很能跑路，我的车夫驾车的技术也很高明，加上我又带了充足的路费。”这个人没有考虑到，方向弄反了，他的条件越好，离他要去的地方就越远。

Once a man wanted to go to the south, but his carriage was heading north.A passer-by asked him: 'If you are going to the south, why is your chariot heading north? ' The man answered, 'My horse is good at running, my driver is highly skilled at driving a carriage, and I have enough money.' The man didn't consider that the direction might be wrong;the better his conditions were, the further he was away from his destination.后来人们就把这个故事概括为“南辕北辙”，比喻一个人的行为和他的目的正好相反。

The idiom derived from this story indicates that one's action was the opposite effect to one's intention.例1：经过7年的时间，法院从第一审至第二审的判决结果竟然出现南辕北辙的情形。After 7 years, from First Trial to Second Trial, both outcomes actually were very different.例2：故事背景在1963年纽约，叙述一名风流成性的杂志记者(伊旺麦奎格)与一名女权主义专栏作家(瑞妮齐薇格)，他们理念南辕北辙，却终于坠入爱河的故事。

This is the story, set in New York City in 1963, of a budding romance between womanizing journalist and playboy Catcher Block(McGregor), cleverly described as a ”man's man, ladies' man, man about town”, and a strident feminist advice columnist, Barbara Novak(Zellweger), who finds her own rules of love contradicted by her attraction to the cad.5.画龙点睛

Putting the Finishing Touch to the Picture of a Dragon

南北朝(公元420--589)时期，有个画家叫张僧繇。有一次，他到一个寺庙去游玩，在墙壁上面画了四条龙，可是都没有画出眼睛。看画的人觉得很奇怪，问他为什么不画出眼睛。他说：“眼睛是龙的关键，画上眼睛，龙就会飞走了。”大家不相信他说的话。张僧繇拿起笔来，刚给两条龙点上眼睛，立刻电闪雷鸣，两条龙飞向天空，墙上只剩下两条没有画眼睛的龙。In the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period(420-589), there was a painter called Zhang Sengyou.Once he visited a temple and painted on the wall four dragons, but gave none of them eyes.The onlookers felt that this was odd, and asked why he hadn't painted the eyes.He answered, 'Eyes are crucial for dragons.With the eyes painted on, the dragons would fly away.' Nobody believed this, so Zhang Sengyou took up his brush and added eyes to two of the dragons.No sooner had he finished than the two dragons flew into the sky amid a thunderstorm.The two without eyes stayed painted on the wall.“画龙点睛”这个成语用来比喻讲话或写文章时，在关键地方加一两句重要的话，使内容更加生动有力。

This idiom is used to describe how, when writing or speaking, one or two key sentences will enhance the contents.例1：正是这幅画起到了画龙点睛的作用。

The action that make the finishing point reached since this picture just about.例2：这盏灯对我的房间的装饰起了画龙点睛的作用。

This light adds the crowning touch to my room decoration.6.画蛇添足

Drawing a Snake and Adding Feet

战国时代有个楚国人祭他的祖先。仪式结束后，他拿出一壶酒赏给手下的几个人。大家商量说：“我们都来画蛇，谁先画好谁就喝这壶酒。”其中有一个人先画好了。但他看到同伴还没有画完，就又给蛇添上了脚。这时，另一个人也画好了，夺过酒壶吧酒喝了，并且说：“蛇本来是没有脚的，你怎么能给它添上脚呢？”

In the Warring States Period, a man in the State of Chu was offering a sacrifice to his ancestors.After the ceremony, the man gave a beaker of wine to his servants.The servants thought that there was not enough wine for all them, and decided to each draw a picture of a snake;the one who finished the picture first would get the wine.One of them drew very rapidly.Seeing that the others were still busy drawing, he added feet to the snake.At this moment another man finished, snatched the beaker and drank the wine, saying, 'A snake doesn't have feet.How can you add feet to a snake? '

“画蛇添足”这个成语比喻做了多余而不恰当的事，反而把事情弄糟了。This idiom refers to ruining a venture by doing unnecessary and surplus things.例1：对一个这样漂亮的女孩来说，化妆有些画蛇添足。

For such a beautiful girl, to use make-up would be to gild the lily.例2：我觉得这幅画是十分完美的，如果在角上再添上些花，倒有画蛇添足之感了。

The painting, as it is, seems perfect to me.If you ad some flowers in the corner, you will be painting the lily.7.班门弄斧

Showing Off One's Proficiency with the Axe Before Lu Ban the Master Carpenter

古代有一个建筑和雕刻技术非常高超的人，名叫鲁班，木匠行里尊称他为祖师。传说他曾用木头制作了一只五彩斑斓的凤凰，能够在空中飞翔三天不掉下来。在鲁班门前摆弄斧子，当然显得有些自不量力了。

Lu Ban was supposed to be a consummate carpenter in ancient times.It is said that he once carved a wooden phoenix that was so lifelike that it actually flew in the sky for three days.Thus it was considered the height of folly to show off one's skill with an axe in front of Lu Ban.“班门弄斧”这个成语，用来比喻在行家面前显示本领。

This idiom excoriates those who show off their slight accomplishments in front of experts.例1：就不要教鱼儿游泳了/别再孔夫子门前卖弄文章了，那是班门弄斧/在关公门前耍大刀(教你的祖母如何吸吮生鸡蛋)。

Never offer to teach fish how to swim since that's to teach your grandmother to such eggs.例2：你的菜煮得比我好，我当然就不想班门弄斧了。

Your cooking is better than mine, and I certainly prefer not having to bother to cook at all.8.怒发冲冠

So Angry That One' s Hair Lifts Up One' s Hat

战国时代，赵国的大臣蔺相如出使到秦国。在他向秦王索回玉璧的时候，秦王蛮不讲理，蔺相如气愤得连头发都竖了起来，向上冲着帽子。

In the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru, chief min-ister of the State of Zhao, was sent as an envoy to the State of Qin to ask the ruler of Qin to return a fine piece of jade to Zhao.But the ruler of Qin was rude and unreasonable.Lin was angry, and his hair stood up so stiffly on his head that it lifted up his hat.后来人们用“怒发冲冠”这个成语形容人愤怒到了极点。This idiom came to be used to mean being extremely angry.例1：和高达2亿1千万的解聘金相比，过剩的木工们拿到的补偿简直让人怒发冲冠。

Next to his $210m severance pay, the redundant woodworkers' packages were mean to the point of provocation.例2：(华盛顿)奇才队可能对好时坏，一个晚上好得不错，第二个晚上就会很糟糕，因此会惹他们的带头人乔丹生气，抑或使他勃然大怒，甚至怒发冲冠。

The Wizards will probably play well one night, horribly the next, frequently earning their leader, Michael Jordan's anger, then his wrath, then maybe his rage.9.画饼充饥

Allaying Hunger with Pictures of Cakes

三国时代魏国的皇帝曹睿，准备选拔一个有才能的人到朝廷来做官。曹睿对他的大臣说：“选择人才，不能光找有虚名的人。虚名好像是在地上画的一块饼，只能看，不能解决肚子饥饿的问题啊！”

In the Three Kingdoms Period(220-280), the king of the Wei, Cao Rui, wanted to select a very capable man to work for him.He said to his ministers: 'When choosing a talented person, always beware of one with a false reputation.A false reputation is just like a picture of a cake;it can' t relieve hunger.后来人们就用“画饼充饥”这个成语比喻用空想安慰自己，不能解决实际问题。

Later, this idiom came to be used to mean comforting oneself with unrealistic thoughts, without solving practical problems.例1：不管是望梅止渴，还是画饼充饥，它都会激励你不停手中的桨，去追逐哪怕是一星微小的火光。

Even if there is only a fantasy or an illusion, so long as it shows a ray of hope, it still urges you on in pursuit of the glimmer without letup.例2：成语“画饼充饥”就来自于皇帝所说的话。寓意空言于事无补/无济于事。

The idiom came from what the emperor said.i.e.Kind/Fair words butter no parsnips.10.一鸣惊人

Amazing the World with a Single Feat

战国时代，齐威王即位后做了三年国君，只顾享乐，不理政事。有个善于说笑话的人叫淳于髡，一天对齐威王说：“城里有一只大鸟，三年不飞也不叫，你知道这是什么道理？”齐威王说：“这鸟不飞则罢，一飞就冲天；不鸣则罢，一鸣就惊人。”在淳于髡的激发下，齐威王开始治理国家，取得很大成绩，齐国的声威一直保持了几十年。

In the Warring States Period, Duke Wei of Qi neglected state affairs, for the first three years of his reign, giving himself over to dissipation.One of his ministers, Chun Yukun who had a good sense of humour, said to him: 'There is a big bird which has neither taken wing nor sung for three years.' The duke answered, 'Once that bird starts to fly and sing, it will astonish the world.' The duke thereupon devoted himself to his duties and built his state up into a powerful one.“一鸣惊人”用来表示平时默默无闻，一旦行动起来，却做出惊人的成绩。

This idiom is used to indicate that a person may rise from obscurity and achieve greatness.例1：不鸣则已一鸣惊人。

It never rains but it pours.例2：比尔盖茨20岁时创建了微软公司，他的表现真是一鸣惊人。Bill Gates made a great coup to establish Microsoft Company.例3：全球经济在联合会的领导下，不飞则已，一飞冲天!Global economy under federation's leadership, Does not fly then already, As soon as flies soars to the heavens!

11.守株待兔

Sitting by a Stump, Waiting for a Careless Hare

春秋时代，宋国有个农夫，一天在耕田的时候，忽然跑来一只兔子，恰巧碰在树桩上，脖子折断死了。农夫把兔子拾回家去，美美地吃了一顿兔肉。晚上他想：“我何必辛辛苦苦地种地呢？每天在树下能捡到一只兔子就够我吃的了。”于是，他从此不再耕作，每天坐在树下等待兔子的到来。

In the Spring and Autumn Period, a farmer in the State of Song was one day working in the fields when he saw a rabbit bump into a tree stump accidentally and break its neck.The farmer took the rabbit home, and cooked himself a delicious meal.That night he thought, 'I needn't work so hard.All I have to do is wait for a rabbit each day by the stump.' So from then on he gave up farming, and simply sat by the stump waiting for rabbits to come and run into it.“守株待兔”这个成语，讥笑那些不想经过努力，存在侥幸心理，希望得到意外收获的人。This idiom satirizes those who just wait for a stroke of luck, rather than making efforts to obtain what they need.例1：当亚瑟王知道这个消息时，他非常愤怒。他立即回到了不列颠。他和他的骑士们到达了多佛。在多佛他碰到了莫德雷德和他的军队。他们正在守株待兔。

When King Arthur heard the news, he was furious.He returned toBritainimmediately.He and his knights arrived inDover.Here he found Mordred and his army.They were waiting for him.例2：恋爱就像打喷嚏，不经意间总能打得出来，刻意要打一个却总是打不出来。（爱情常常不属于那些穷追不舍的猎人，而属于那些守株待兔的人。

Love is like sneezing, you always do it spontaneously, but you can't sneeze on purpose.(Love belongs to those love hunters rather than those ask for luck.)

12.曾子杀彘

Zengzi Slaughters a Pig

曾子的妻子到集市上去，他的儿子哭着要跟去。他的母亲说：“你回家呆着，待会儿我回来杀猪给你吃。” 她刚从集市上回来，曾子就要捉猪去杀。妻子劝止他说：“只不过是跟孩子开玩笑罢了。” 曾子说：“不能跟孩子开玩笑啊！小孩子没有思考和判断能力，要向父母亲学习，听从父母的教导。现在你欺骗他，这是教孩子骗人啊！母亲欺骗儿子，儿子就不再相信自己的母亲了，这不是实现教育的方法。” 于是曾子就杀猪煮肉给孩子吃。

Zengzi's wife was going to the market.Her little son insisted on going with her, making a tearful scene.“Stay at home,” she said to the boy.“When I come back, I will slaughter a pig for you.” When she came back, Zengzi got ready to slaughter the pig.His wife stopped him, saying: “I was just kidding.” “A child is not to be kidded like that!” he replied.“A child does not know much and cannot judge for himself.He learns from his parents and listens to what they day.To lie to him is to teach him to lie to others.If a mother lies to her son, he will not trust her anymore.How is she then to educate him?” With that Zengzi went to slaughter the pig and prepare a good meal for their son.“曾子杀猪”这个成语寓意教育子女要注意言传身教不能以欺骗作为手段,做任何事都要说到做到，不能说谎。要做到言必行，行必果，这样才能获到他人信任。

The idiom means that attention to the education of their children should be paid to teach by personal example and verbal instruction and don't deceive and tell lies to them.Do what you say and put it into effect.To achieve Yanbi trip, will visit fruit.Only in this way can be trusted to others.例1：要从“曾子杀猪”成语中汲取教训，凡事要说到做到。

We should take a lesson from the idiom “Zengzi Slaughters a Pig” that we must do well what we said.例2：要像成语“曾子杀猪”所说的那样，言必行，行必果。

As the idiom “Zengzi Slaughters a Pig” saying, do what you say and put it into effect.13.狐假虎威

Basking in Reflected Glory

老虎在山林里捉到了一只狐狸，要吃掉它。狐狸连忙说：“你不能吃我，我是天帝派来统治百兽的。你要吃了我，就违抗了天帝的命令。你不信，就跟我到山林里去一趟，看百兽见了我是不是都很害怕。”老虎相信了狐狸的话，就跟在狐狸的后面走进山林。百兽见了果然都纷纷逃命。老虎以为百兽真的害怕狐狸而不知道是害怕自己，于是就把狐狸给放了。

A tiger caught a fox in a forest, and was just about to eat it, when the fox said, 'You mustn't eat me.I was sent by Heaven to rule the animals.By eating me, you will violate the command of Heaven.If you don't believe me, just follow me to see whether the animals are of me.' The tiger agreed, and followed the fox as it walked around the forest.The animals all ran away on seeing them.The tiger thought they were of the fox, so he let it go.He didn't realise that it was him that the beasts were really of.“狐假虎威”这个成语用来比喻倚仗别人的势力去欺压人或吓唬人。This idiom means relying on another's power to bully or frighten others.例1：我们始终希望看到他们坚强地维护自己的自由－－而且要记住，在历史上，凡愚蠢地狐假虎威者，终必葬身虎口。

We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.例2：接下来的节目是从中国成语《狐假虎威》改编，表演者是亨廷顿中文学校学生。

The following is a short skit performed by students from the Huntington Chinese Program.The skit is based on a traditional Chinese story about a smart little fox.例3：真的希望有一天能同老虎一起共游密林，也许我也可以狐假虎威一下，成为森林的王者呢。

Really hope to travel in a deep forest with a tiger someday, maybe I could become the woods' overlord by right of the tiger's authority.例4：“别狐假虎威了”，说完她扔掉了有人在街上递给她的有关装神弄鬼的小册子。

“Don't ride the back of the tiger”, when finished what she said, she threw away the clerical pamphlet passed out to her by someone on the street.14.破镜重圆

A Broken Mirror Made Whole Again

南朝陈国(公元557-589)将要灭亡的时候，驸马徐德言把一面铜镜破开，跟妻子各留下一半。双方约定：如果将来夫妻失散了，就把它当作信物。后来，夫妻二人真的失散了，凭借着各人留下的半面镜子，他们最终又得到团圆。

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties when the State of Chen(A.D.557-589)was facing its demise, Xu Deyan, husband of the princess, broke a bronze mirror into halves.Each of them kept a half as tokens in case they were separated.Soon afterwards, they did lose touch with each other, but the two halves of the mirror enabled them to be reunited.“破镜重圆”这个成语比喻夫妻失散或分离后重新团聚。

This idiom is used to refer to the reunion of a couple after they lose touch or break up.例1：翠娘与元宝这对欢喜冤家最终也破镜重圆。

Cuiniang and Yuanbao finally make up their differences and resume their married life.例2：友谊就像陶器，破了可以修补；爱情好比镜子，一旦打破，很难破镜重圆。但约翰和玛丽在过去八个月的日子里却经历了破镜重圆。

Friendship is like earthenware:once broken, it can be mended, love is like a mirror:once broken that ends it.But John and Mary experienced a break up to make up in 8 months time.15.一鼓作气

Rousing the Spirits with the First Drum Roll

春秋时代，齐国派兵攻打鲁国。鲁国的国王鲁庄公带着谋士曹刿指挥作战。齐军第一次击鼓以后，鲁军准备发起进攻。曹刿说：“不行。”齐军三次击鼓以后，曹刿才说：“现在可以进攻了。”结果齐军大败。战斗结束后，鲁庄公问曹刿胜利的原因。曹刿说：“打仗要靠勇气。第一次击鼓，士气十分旺盛；第二次击鼓，士气有些衰落；第三次击鼓，士气就消耗尽了。敌人士气耗尽，我们发起进攻，所以取得了胜利。”

During the Spring and Autumn Period, an army from the State of Qi confronted one from the State of Lu.After the first roll of drums from the Qi side to summon Lu to battle, the Lu ruler wanted to attack.But his counsellor Cao Gui said, 'We should wait until the third drum roll, sire.' After the Qi side had beaten the drums three times, the Lu army attacked and defeated the Qi army.After the battle, the king asked Cao Gui the reason for his odd advice.Cao Gui answered, 'Fighting needs spirit.Their spirit was aroused by the first roll or the drums, but was depleted by the second.And it was completely exhausted by the third.We started to attack when their spirit was exhausted.That's why we won.'

后来，“一鼓作气”形容鼓起劲头，一下子把事情干完。

This idiom later meant to get something done with one sustained effort.例1：今天我一鼓作气背了50个单词。

I memorized 50 new words at one fling today.例2：登山队员们继续前进，希望最后一鼓作气地到达山峰。

The climbers kept on in the hope of reaching the top with one last effort.16.掩耳盗铃

Plugging One's Ear While Stealing a Bell or Deceive Oneself

从前有一个小偷，跑到一户人家里想偷点东西。他看见院子里挂着一口大钟，高兴极了，心想：这口钟一定很值钱！于是，他便想把这口钟搬回家去。可是，钟非常沉，他怎么搬都搬不动。后来，他想到了一个办法，那就是把钟敲碎之后分别搬回家。小偷找了一把大锤子，使劲朝钟砸去，可是，刚一砸就发出了很大的响声。小偷慌了，急忙用手捂住耳朵，结果，钟声不见了。小偷想，捂住自己的耳朵，别人就听不见钟声了，于是又开始砸钟。结果，人们听到钟声之后，全都从家中跑出来，一下就抓住了小偷。

In the ancient time, there was a thief who went to someone's house to steal.He saw a big bell hanging in the courtyard.The thief was very happy and he thought the bell looked valuable.Then, he decided to carry this beautiful bell back home.But the bell was too big and heavy.No matter how hard he tried, he could not move it.Later, he thought there was only one way to solve the problem.He had to break down the bell into parts before he was able to carry them back to his home.The thief found a big iron hammer, with which he struck the bell with all his might.But the striking produced a loud noise and even scared the thief.But when he covered up his ears he could no longer hear the noise.The thief became cheerful at once and thought the sound of the bell would not be heard by anyone if he covered up his own ears.Feeling relieved, he began striking the bell again, one blow after another.The sound of the bell was heard at distant places, and finally people caught the thief from tracing the sound.“掩耳盗铃”这个成语指的是捂住耳朵偷铃（钟）。比喻自己欺骗自己，明明掩盖不了的事情偏要想办法去掩饰。例：这种做法无疑是掩耳盗铃，自己欺骗自己。

This way of doing things is undoubtedly like plugging one's ear while stealing a bell.They are deceiving themselves.17.邯郸学步

Slavish Imitation of Others and Loss of One's Own Individuality

公元前475年－公元221年的战国时期，燕国有个青年，他听说赵国都城邯郸的人走路姿势特别好看，于是这位年轻人决定瞒着家人去学习邯郸人走路的姿势。就这样，他来到了邯郸。迎面走来一个和他年龄相仿的人，看见那人走过，这位燕国的青年便跟在他后面开始模仿。那人迈左脚，燕国青年也迈左脚，那人迈右脚，燕国青年也迈右脚。然而，他一扭头又看到另一个中年人，他又觉得那人走路的姿势很好看，于是又跟着中年人学走路。后来他又看到一位妇女，又跟着学……。

转眼好几个月过去了，燕国青年越学走路的姿势越不好看，不仅没学会邯郸人的走法，而且还把自己原来的走路姿势也忘了。这时，带来的钱也已经花光，他只好回家，可是他又忘了自己原来是怎样走路的。无奈，燕国青年只好在地上爬着回去了。

During the Warring States Period(475to secretly make a small hole in the wall and let a glimmer of light come in through the hole.This stealing light allowed him to study until late at night.When he was grown up he became a very famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty.“凿壁借光”这个成语是说偷借邻居家的灯光读书。后来指在艰苦的条件下坚持刻苦学习。The original meaning of this idiom is to make a hole in the wall and read a book by stealing the light from a neighbor.Later it came to refer to studying under very hard conditions.例：学习是很艰苦的事情，需要有凿壁借光的精神。

Studying is very hard.The spirit of “stealing the light from neighbor” is necessary.19.朝三暮四

Three in the Morning, Four in the Evening

从前，宋国有一个老人，他在家中养了许多猴子。老人每天都会给每只猴子八颗栗子，早晚各四颗。后来，猴子越来越多，老人也越来越穷，所以他想每天只给猴子七颗栗子，于是他就和猴子们商量：“从今天开始，我每天早上给你们四颗粟子，晚上给你们三颗栗子，行不行？” 猴子们想了一想，晚上怎么少了一颗呢？于是大叫起来，非常不愿意。老人一看，连忙说：“那么我早上给你们三颗，晚上再给你们四颗，可以了吧？” 猴子们听了，以为晚上的粟子已经由三个变成四个，跟以前一样，就高兴地同意了。

Once upon a time, there lived an old man in Song Kingdom, who raised a lot of monkeys at home.The old man fed each monkey eight acorns every day, four in the morning and four in the evening.Later he fed so many monkeys that he had not enough acorns.So he wanted to feed monkeys seven acorns each day.Then he discussed with his monkeys, “From today on, I will give each of you four acorns in the morning and three acorns in the evening.Is that O.K.?” Hearing this, all the monkeys got angry.How come lack one in the evening? Then the old man changed to say, “I'll give each of you four acorns in the morning and three acorns in the evening.” Thinking that there were still four in the evening, all the monkeys became happy again.“朝三暮四”这个成语原意是指实质不变，用玩弄手段，改换名目的方法使人受骗上当。后引申为，说话、办事反复无常、不负责任。

Three in the morning, four in the evening: The idiom originally means to fool others by playing tricks.It later extends to mean changing one’s mind frequently or not being responsible.Other expressions: to play fast and loose or to chop and change

例1： 你一旦有了目标就要做下去，千万不能朝三暮四，否则最后只会一事无成。

Once you have an object, do not chop and change, otherwise you'll accomplish nothing.例2：他已经有了女朋友，还朝三暮四，所以女朋友和他分手了。He's already got a girlfriend, but he still dates to “play fast and loose ”, so his girlfriend parts w/ him.20.自相矛盾 Self-Contradiction

很久很久以前，楚国有一个商人，一天他到市场上去卖自己制造的矛和盾。他大声的叫卖，有很多人围过来看，他举起盾说：“我的盾是世界上最坚固的，无论怎样锋利的东西也不能刺穿它!” 接着，他又拿起一支矛，得意地说：“我的矛是世界上最锋利的，无论怎样坚固的东西也能刺穿!”这时一位围观的人上前拿起他的一支矛和一面盾问道：“如果用这支矛去刺这面盾，结果会怎样呢?” 这个人一下子回答不出来，最后只好灰溜溜地扛着矛和盾走了。Once upon a time, there was a businessman in Chu Kingdom.One day, he sold his spear and shield in the market.He told people, “My spear is the sharpest spear in the world.It can pierce everything.And my shield is the solidest in the world.Nothing can destroy it.” Then somebody asked him, “If we use your spear to pierce your shield, what will happen?” The businessman didn’t know how to reply.“自相矛盾”这个成语比喻语言、行动前后不一致或互相抵触。Be self-contradictory both in words and behaviour.例1：你说手机没电了，却刚给他打了电话，这不是自相矛盾吗？

You said his cell phone ran off power but you called him just now.Isn't it contradictory? 例2：你刚才的话前后自相矛盾，别人不知道该怎么理解。

What you said is self-contradictory.People don't know how to understand it.21.愚公移山

The Foolish Old Man Who Moved Mountains

很久以前，有一位名叫愚公的老人，他家门口有两座高山，家人每天进出都要绕很远的路！有一天愚公对家人说：“我们把挡在门口的两座大山移开吧，让门口的路可以直通到外面的大路上，好不好？”儿子和孙子都很赞同，可是愚公的妻子却说：“那大山的泥土搬到哪儿呢？”愚公回答：“可以搬到海里去呀！” 第二天愚公就开始了移山的工作。这时候，别人对愚公说：“你已经这么老了，还要去移山？就算让你搬到死也不可能把大山移走呀！” 愚公笑着回答：“我虽然很老，但我还有儿子，儿子还会生孙子，孙子又会生儿子，我们的子孙可以一直搬下去，总有一天会把这两座山搬走的。”后来，这件事传到了天神的耳朵里，天神想：“愚公真是有恒心的人！我来帮帮他吧！”天神就派神仙去把那两座山背到别的地方去，不再挡在愚公家门口了。

Long long ago, there lived an old man named Yugong.There were two huge mountains in front of his house and blocked his way to the outside world.One day Yugong said to his family, “Let's move the two mountains away and clear away our road!” This idea was welcomed by his family members.“But where do we put the earth on the mountain?” asked his wife.“We can dump them in the sea.” said Yugong.So they set out to work the next day.One of the neighbors saw it and asked, “You are already an old man.How can you finish this huge project?” Yugong answered with a smile, “Although I am old, I have sons and grandsons.And they will have their sons and grandsons as time goes.If I am too old to finish it, it will be continued on by my offspring.So long as we keep at it, we'll manage it someday.” Yugong's words were later heard by God.God thought, “Yugong is a man of strong wills.Let me help him!” So he sent his men to move away the two mountains.“愚公移山”这个成语比喻做事情有毅力，有恒心，不怕困难。Refer to do sth.with constancy and perseverance.例1：只要具备了愚公移山的精神，就能把汉语学好。

One can learn Chinese well so long as he has the spirit as that of Yugong moving away the mountains.例2：他这个人干事很有愚公移山的精神。

He does things as consistently as Yugong's moving away the mountains.二、外国成语习语汉译

A little piece of advice.让我来给你点建议。

A piece of cake.轻而易举。

Another day, another dollar.和往常一样。

Anywhere but here.除了这里，哪里都好。

Are you doing anything this afternoon? 你今天下午有安排吗？

Are you ready for tomorrow? 明天的东西都准备好了吗？

Are you trying to get rid of me? 你想把我轰走吗？ Big mouth.多嘴！

Come and get it!饭做好了，来吃吧！

Could you call back later? 您能过会儿再打来吗？

Could you do me a little favor? 能不能帮我一个小忙？ Diana's been coming on to Jack.戴安娜对杰克有意思。

Did I miss something? 这是怎么回事？

Did you punch in/out? 打出勤卡了吗？

Do as I said.照我说的做！

Do I make myself clear? 我说得够清楚吗？

Do the dishes!把盘子洗了。

Don't cut in line.别夹塞儿！

Don't go back on your words.别食言。

Don't take it out on me.别冲我发火。

Don't take on more than you can.做你能做的。Don't be stuck-up.别那么自命不凡。

Don't bite off more than you can chew.人要有自知之明。

Don't get me started on it.别让我打开话匣子。

Don't judge a book by its cover.人不可貌相。

Don't pull my leg.别逗了。

Don't slack off!别偷懒！

Don't talk back to me.别跟我顶嘴。

Don't think you can make a fool out of me.别把我当傻瓜。

Don't work too hard.悠着点儿。

Even up the odds.扳回劣势。

Everything but this.除了这个，其他都行。

Far from it.正好相反。

Fill me in.跟我说发生什么事了。

Finish up your plate.把饭吃光。

Get off my back.别再啰唆了。

Get out of my way!滚开！

He chickened out at the last moment.他在最后关头胆怯了。

He's not at his desk right now.他现在不在座位上。

Her line is busy now.她正在接电话。

He's a chain smoker.他抽烟抽得没完没了。

He's got guts.他真有勇气。

He's not my type.他不是我喜欢的类型。

He's on edge today.今天他情绪烦躁。

He's quite well off.他非常有钱。

He's very hard on me.他对我很不客气。

How about a rain check? 另找时间可以吗？

How did it go today? 今天怎么样？

How late are you open? 你们营业到几点？

How soon can you get it ready? 还要多久才能好呀？

Hurry up and get dressed.快换衣服。

I don't have all day.我没时间跟你耗。

I don't seem to fit in here.我跟这里格格不入。

I don't have any appetite.我没有一点食欲。

I don't have much money on me now.我现在没有多少现金。

I don't know what came over me.我不知道自己是哪根筋不对。I don't like brownnosers.我讨厌爱拍马屁的人。

I don't see eye to eye with my wife.我和妻子没什么共同语言。

I feel a little tipsy.我觉得有点醉了。

I feel like sleeping.我想睡觉。

I feel sluggish.我浑身没劲。

I feel the same way.我有同感。

I get drunk easily.我的酒量小。

I have a hangover.我昨天的酒还没醒呢。

I have a one-track mind.我是一根筋。

I have a sweet tooth.我爱吃甜食。

I have diarrhea.我拉肚子了。

I have no clue.我一点头绪（线索）都没有。

I have stiff shoulders.我肩膀酸痛。

I have to rush.我得赶紧走！

I hope our dreams come true.我希望我们的梦想成真。

I like your sense of humor.我喜欢你的幽默感。

I made it.赶上了。

I see what you mean.我了解你的意思。

I sprained/twisted my ankle.我崴脚了。

I think he has a crush on you.他好像看上你了。

I want something to eat.我想吃点东西。I want to take a nap.我真想睡个午觉。

I was being polite.我这是在说客气话。

I was cut off.电话断了。

I was only late by 30 seconds.我只迟到了30秒钟。

I work for the government.我在政府机关做事。

I would like to talk to you for a minute.我想和你谈一下。

I wouldn't look at it like that.我不会从这个角度来看。I'll come by all means.我一定会来的。

I'm a night person.我是个夜猫子。

I'm an office worker.我是上班族。

I'm glad to see you again.很高兴再次见到你。

I'm happy to meet you.很高兴见到你。

I'm looking forward to seeing you.我期望见到你。

I'm supposed to get a raise.我应该涨工资。

I'm with you./ I'm on your side.我站在你一边。

I've just got one of those faces.我是大众脸。

Is there someone else? 你是不是有了新欢？

Is this seat taken? 这位子有人吗？

It comes and goes.时好时坏。

It has nothing to do with me.这跟我一点关系都没有。

It's all there for a reason.它自有其存在的道理。

It's been a long day.今天忙了一天。

It's good to be home.还是家好哇。

It's now or never.机不可失，时不再来。

It's on the tip of my tongue.话就在嘴边上。

It's stuffy in this room.这间屋子通风真差。

I'll let you off.我会放你一马。

I'll put him on.我让他接电话。

I'll put you through.我把电话给您接过去。

I'm a good judge of character.我看人很准。

I'm a workaholic.我是个工作狂。

I'm all ears.洗耳恭听。

I'm all thumbs.我笨手笨脚的。

I'm broke.我身无分文。

I'm counting on you.我全靠你了。I'm loaded.酩酊大醉。

I'm pressed for time.我的时间安排很紧。

I'm starving.我快饿死了。

I'm tone-deaf.我五音不全。

I'm walking on air.我高兴得飘飘欲仙。

I've got to go.我得走了。

Janet is a knockout.珍妮特真迷人。

Lay low for a while.保持低调。

Let me put it this way,...我这样说好了，…… Let you in on a little secret.告诉你个小秘密。

Let's call it a day.今天就到这里。

Let's fold up the futon.把被子叠好。

Let's get back to the subject.言归正传。

Let's get going.那我们走吧。

Let's not jump the gun.别操之过急。

Let's play it by ear.走一步看一步吧！

Let's spread out the futon.铺床吧。

Like finding a needle in a stack of needles.像海底捞针一样。

Mary is out of John's league.约翰配不上玛丽。

May I have my allowance? 能给我点儿零花钱吗？

May I take a message? 您要给他留言吗？

No hard feelings.请别见怪，不伤和气。

No kidding!开玩笑吧。

Please go easy on me.手下留情。

Please scrub the sink.把厨房的池子刷干净。

Pull yourself together.打起精神来！

Put it on my tab.记在我的账上。

Shall I come to pick you up? 要我开车去接你吗？

Shall I have him call you back? 是不是让他给您回电话？

She hung up on me.我还没说完她就把把电话挂了。

She's a newlywed.她刚刚结婚。

She's a smooth talker.她的嘴甜着呢。

She's good for nothing.她一无是处。

So far, so good.到现在为止还好。

So that explains it.原来如此。

Sorry, I'm tied up.真对不起，我另有安排。

Sorry, we're sold out.对不起，票卖完了。

Stop goofing off.别偷懒！

Sweet dreams.做个好梦。

Take your time.慢慢来，不用着急。

Tammy eats like a bird/horse.塔米饭量很小/大。

That serves you right.你活该。

That will not always be the case.情况不会永远是这样。

The phone went dead.电话不通。

The work doesn't need much effort.这工作不太费事。

There is no turning back.已经无可挽回了。

There is nothing good playing.没好电影可看。

There is something about him.他一定有特别之处。

There you are.原来你在这儿啊！

There's no turning back.没有退路。

There's no other way of saying it.没有别的说法。

There's really no point in doing it.真没必要做这件事。

Think twice before you do it.三思而后行。

This is not how it looks.事情不是表面看来的这样。

This one is on me.这顿算我的！

Today is payday.今天发工资。

Tom is a lady-killer.汤姆是个美男子。

Use your head!动动脑子！

Watch you tongue.说话要留神。

Watch your step!注意脚下！

We don't have any other choice.我们没有其他的选择。

We had a falling-out.我们感情不和。

We split it, fifty-fifty.我们平分账单。

We'll fake it.差不多就得了。

What a shame!真是太遗憾了！

What do you want from me? 你到底要我怎样？

What have we got here? 看我们找到了什么？

What have you got to lose? 你有啥好损失的？

What time can you come over? 你几点能来？

What took you so long? 怎么那么久？ What's this all about? 这是怎么回事？

What's the hurry? 急着干什么去呀？

Where are you off to? 你去哪儿？

Where do we go from here? 我们接下来要怎么做？

Why all the trouble? 干嘛费那么大劲？

Why are you picking on me? 你干吗老挑我的刺儿？

Why is this happening to me? 这为什么发生在我身上？

Would you help me put up the clothes to dry? 你能把衣服晾上吗？

Would you help me set the table? 你能帮我准备餐具吗？

Would you like a refill? 再来一杯，怎么样？

Would you like to go to a movie? 你想去看电影吗？

Would you like to hold? 您等会儿行吗？

You are getting on my nerves.你真让我心烦。

You are making fun of me.你拿我开涮呢。

You ask for it.你自作自受。

You bet.行！没问题！

You can't be too careful.你要再三小心。

You got that right./ There you go 你终于抓到诀窍了。

You had your time.已经给过你机会了。

You have a way with people.你很有交际手腕。

You have only one shot.你只有一个机会。

You should finish what you start.你别半途而废。

You shouldn't be so hard on yourself.你不该对自己这么苛刻。

You shouldn't say things like that.你怎么这么说呢？

You stand me up!你放我鸽子！

You won't regret it.你不会后悔的。

You're cut out to be a teacher.你天生是当老师的料。

You're going to love it here.你一定会喜欢上这里。

You're well on the way.你学得不错。

You've got me.让你问住了。

From One Sentence A Day(To Be Continued)

第三篇：经典英语成语故事：一技之长(中英对照)

经典英语成语故事：一技之长(中英对照)

Proficiency in a particular line

Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period(475-221BC).He had kept a circle skilled people around him.He often said, “A wise man should welcome anyone with a specialty.”

One day, a man dressed in tattered and dirty clothes came to see him and said to him:“ I have a special skill.”

Gong asked: “What is it?”

“I have a loud voice and I'm good at shouting.”

then Gong turned to his followers and asked,“ Who is good at shouting?” But none of them answered “Yes ”.So the scholar took the man in.Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a trip.they came to a wide river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river.All of them had no idea.Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him, “Can you have a try?” The man realized it was the chance to show his skill.He shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, “Hey, ferryman, come here, we want to cross the river.” As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch them.Gong was very satisfied with the new follower.Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional skill.一技之长

战国时期，赵国有位名士叫公孙龙。他手下聚集了许多有自己特长的门客。他常说：“一个聪明人应该善于接纳每一个有自己特长的人。”

一天，有一个穿着很破烂的人来见他，并向他推荐自己：“我有一项特别的本领。”公孙龙就问道：“什么本领？”那个人回答道：“我声音特别大，很善于叫喊。”公孙龙听了，就转身问他旁边的门客：“你们有谁善于叫喊？”结果没有一个人回答“是”。于是，他就收下了这个很善于叫的人作他的随从。

没过多久，公孙龙和他的门客一起出外游玩。他们来到一条很宽的河边，发现渡船在河的另一头，所有人都不知怎么办好。突然，公孙龙想起他最近收的那个人的本领是善于叫，于是，他就转过头去对那人说：“你大声叫对面的船夫，看能不能把他叫过来。”那人觉得展示他技能的时候到了，就尽力大声向对面喊：“ 喂，船夫，过来，我们要过河。”当他叫声刚完，那对面的船夫就摇着船过来了。公孙龙对这个新收的门客非常满意。

后来，“一技之长”就用来形容一个人有一项特殊的本领。

第四篇：中英对照

行政主体在对行政相对人作出不利行政决定时，是否必须说明理由，二战之后伴随民主法治的发展，经历从无到有的过程。法国、德国、美国、日本及我国台湾地区和澳门地区的行政程序法都有相关规定，说明理由已成为行政程序中一项重要的制度。行政主体在作出影响对人权利义务的行政行为时，向相对人说明作出该行为的事实根据、法律根据及进行自由裁量时所考虑的公共利益、社会习惯、政策考量等因素。这一方面有利于规范行政主体依法行使行政权，保障行政合法性和合理性，降低行政恣意和专断的风险；另一方面，将作出行政决定所依据的事实、法律根据及裁量因素告知行政相对人，可以增强相对人对行政决定的理解和认同。此外，如果相对人对行政决定不服，可根据行政决定的依据和理由寻求法律救济，保障其合法权益。本文以行政程序中的说明理由制度为视角，以我国工商系统推行的说理式行政处罚决定的相关案例，总结我国工商系统说明式行政处罚决定书的特点和问题，并在此基础之上提出完善建议，以期将说理式行政决定书推广适用到行政处罚、行政强制等执法领域，增强行政决定的合理性和正当性，更有效地规范行政权力，保障公民合法权益。

Whether the administrative subject has to give the reasons why making negative administrative decision on administrative counterpart, which appears accompany with the development of democracy and the rule of law.The administrative procedure law in France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Macao of china has relative regulations, and giving the reasons has become an important system in administrative procedure system.When the administrative subject takes administrative actions that will impact the rights and obligations of the administrative counterpart, it should explain to the administrative counterpart the fact and foundation and the law, on which it take the action, also it should explain the public interests, social habits, policy considerations and other factors that it has to take into account when make discretions.on one hand, this is conductive to standardize the administrative subject to execute administrative power according to the law, and guarantee the administrative legality and rationality, reduce administrative arbitrariness and abuse of administrative power;on the other hand, to inform the administrative decision basis of facts, law and discretion factors to the administrative counterpart could enhance the understanding and recognition of the decisions for the administrative counterpart.Besides, if the administrative counterpart doesn’t accept the decisions, could according to the foundations and reasons of the administrative decisions seek for legal redress to protect his/her legal interests.This report base on the reasons explanation system to summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems, and make suggestions on how to improve it, in order to make the administrative decision be applicable to administrative penalty, administrative compulsory enforcement and other executive fields, to enhance the rationality and legitimacy of the administrative decision, effectively regulate the use of the administrative power, protect the legal rights and interests of the citizens.本文分为五部分：

The report has five parts:

引言部分简单介绍我国学界关于行政程序中说明理由制度的研究概况，说明当前关于说明理由制度研究重心和热点问题。

The brief introduce the general situation of the study of the reasons explanation system in administrative procedure of our law circles, and illustrates the focus and hot issues in current study of the reasons explanation system.第一部分为全文概述，简要介绍选题依据和来源，从宪政角度分析行政决定的说理性理论基

础，并从行政机关、行政相对人和受理争议机关复审三方面分析行政决定说理性的价值所在。第二部分着重研究我国工商系统推行的说理式行政处罚决定书案例，总结工商系统说理式行政处罚决定书的特点及存在的问题。

The first part is the general overview of the report, give a brief introduction to the basis and resource of the selection of the topic, analyze the rationality theory foundation of the administrative decision from the constitutional perspective, and analyze the value of the administrative decision rationality from the administrative organ, the administrative counterpart and the request of the controversy dispute acceptance organ.Part two focuses on the study of the cases on the persuasive administrative penalty notification pushed by our country’s industrial and commercial system, and summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems.第三部分对我国目前关于行政决定说理性的立法规范进行分析，指出当前我国相关立法存在的缺陷和问题。

The third part analyzes the current legal regulations in our country on the rationality of the administrative decisions, and point out the existing defects and problems in our country’s relative laws.

第五篇：成语故事

8、成语故事

一、教学目标：

1、学会本课十一个生字新词，认读四个字。

2、正确、流利、有感情朗读课文。

3、了解成语故事内容，感悟语言包含的道理。

4、演一演这些故事，加深对故事的理解。教学重点、难点

1、重点：了解成语故事的内容

2、难点：感悟故事包含的道理

二、学生状态解读：学生对短小精悍的故事非常感兴趣，但是对故事中蕴含的道理需要花时间细细品味，教师要注意点拨、引导。

三、教材简析：本文共有三则成语故事。《自相矛盾》告诉我们：说话、办事 必须实事求是，前后一致，而不能故意夸大，言过其实，否则，就会陷入“自相矛盾”的境地，通常用来相容讽喻说话、做事相互抵触，互不相容的现象。《滥竽充数》告诉我们：如果没有真正的本领，混在行家里充数，迟早会混不下去。《画龙点睛》告诉我们：作文或讲话时，在关键的地方用一两个精辟的语言点明要旨，会使内容更加生动有力。

四、教学准备：教学挂图、矛盾实物（尽量准备）或图片等。

五、常规活动：背来自寓言的成语。教学时间：2课时

六、教学过程：

第一课时

一．教学目标：

1．正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。2．学会本课生字，理解由生字组成的词语。二．教学过程：

（一）导入新课，揭示课题。

（二）初读指导。1．自学课文。2．出示自学要求：

（１）正确地认读生字词。理解由生字组成的词语。（２）把课文读正确、读通顺。3．生自学课文。4．检查自学效果。（１）生字词正音。

楚国戳穿演奏腮帮俸禄滥竽充数南郭先生（２）理解词语的意思。夸口 戳穿 腮帮 俸禄

（３）指名读课文，结合正音。

（三）指导写字。

第二课时

一．教学目标：

1．理解课文内容，知道三个成语的意思。

2．凭借课文中的具体的语言材料，使学生在理解寓意的过程中受到启发教育。3．会用“总是”、“不要„„而要„„”造句。二．教学过程：

（一）复习导入。

（二）精读《自相矛盾》

1．自由轻声读课文，想一想这个故事讲的是件什么事。

2．讨论：“夸口”是什么意思？文中谁在说大话呢？他说的是什么大话呢？指名朗读，学生评议。

3．“张中结舌”什么意思呢？那人为什么张口结舌说不出话来呢？你能说说“自相矛盾”意思吗？

4．联系实际说说自己有没有犯过与此人同样的错误，你周围有没有人犯过这样的错误，读了这则故事你知道什么。

（三）精读《滥竽充数》

1．请同学们查查字典，看看“滥”“竽”“充”“数”这四个字的意思。2．指名读课文，边听边想：南郭先生从来不会吹竽，为什么也得么了和别人一样的俸禄？

3．理解句子：“战国时，齐宣王喜欢听吹竽，他总是叫许多人一齐吹竽给他听。” 出示三个句子：

（１）战国时，齐宣王喜欢听吹竽，他叫许多人一齐吹给他听。（２）战国时，齐宣王喜欢听吹竽，他常常叫许多人一齐吹给他听。（３）战国时，齐宣王喜欢听吹竽，他总是叫许多人一齐吹给他听。读一读，比较：这三个句子有什么不同，谁能用“总是”说一句话。

4．朗读句子：“每当演奏时，他就鼓着腮帮子，按着竽眼儿，装出吹竽的样子，居然得到了和别人一样的俸禄。” 5．这句话要读出什么样的语气？ 6．他后来怎么又装不去了？

出示句子：“可是他不要许多人一齐吹，而是一个一个地单独吹。” 指名用“不要„„而是„„”造句。

7．朗读课文，说说生活中有没有见过像“南郭先生”这样的人，读了这个故事你知道了什么。

（四）精读《画龙点睛》 1．请大家默读课文，边读边想：（１）张僧繇画的龙为什么不“点睛”？（２）后来为什么又给龙画上眼睛？（３）“点睛”的结果怎样？ 2．逐题讨论，指导朗读。

（１）点睛前的龙是什么样的？所以人们觉得怎样？

（２）张僧繇为什么不给龙点睛？后来为什么又给龙画上眼睛？（３）“点睛”的结果怎样？

（４）读这则故事时节要读出什么样的语气？（５）启发想象，领悟寓意。

游客们看到画上眼睛的真的腾空而去，会说些什么呢？让学生自由讨论。

七、作业设计：续写《南郭先生后记》。

八、板书：

成语故事

自相矛盾

夸口

张口结舌 滥竽充数

得俸禄

逃走了 画龙点睛

点睛

飞走了

九、资料链接：

http://

11．读书莫放“拦路虎”

一、教学目标：

知识：朗读课文、理解课文内容。

能力：培养学生自主阅读，自行体会课文所要阐述的含义。情意：养成读书的正确习惯。养成查字典的好习惯。

教学重难点：通过反复诵读，使他们在品味语言文字的过程中明理，受到潜移默化的教育。

二、学生状态解读：从文章的内容来看，学生还可以从中学到什么呢？说理的方法。这篇文章就是一篇短小的论文，能够解决实际问题的论文。作者先从现象说起，归纳出问题来，再提出解决问题的办法。发现问题——提出问题——解决问题，如此说理，条理清晰，从学生的实际出发进行指导，循序渐进，说服力强！

三、文本教材解读：《读书莫放“拦路虎”》安排在第三单元颇为巧妙，本单元的其它几篇课文从文学的层面为学生拓宽了事业，把学生带进了广阔的阅读世界，有寓言故事、成语故事、民间故事、名人轶事„„学生通过本单元的学习，必将有浓厚的课外阅读兴趣。“不愤不启，不悱不发”，就在学生最需要得到方法指导的时候，编者安排了这一课外阅读指导性质的文章，可谓是雪中送炭。这就解决了一个学什么的问题。学生至少可以从这篇文章中了解到阅读的一个重要方法。联系本册教材的“培养良好的学习习惯”第二部分来看，本文又是对它的最好诠释。

四、教学准备：有关课外知识

五、常规活动：

敏而好学，不耻下问——孔子

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆——孔子 知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者——孔子

三人行，必有我师也。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之——孔子 兴于《诗》，立于礼，成于乐——孔子 己所不欲，勿施于人——孔子

六、教学过程：

一、揭示课题，激发学习兴趣。

1、说说你知道的喜欢的一些关于勤奋、刻苦的名句。

2、说说平时读书时遇到不认识难理解的字、词、句时会怎么做？理解“拦路虎”板书课题。

3、齐读课文，谈谈对课题的理解

二、初读课文，整体感知。

1、自由读课文，要求： a读准字音，读通句子 b画出不理解的字词句

2、交流读书中遇到的难以理解的字词句。同学之间相互质疑，互相解答。教师相机提示。

3、指名读课文，相机正音。障碍的“障”要读后鼻音，“熟”注意读成翘舌音，“模糊”

应该读成“móhu” 6四人以小组检查读书情况。

4、四人以小组检查读书情况。

组长带领下，多种方式自由选读，人人有机会读，5、出示生字，要求查字典解决。

障碍 模糊 掌握 连估带猜 衷心 扫除 误解 懒惰 理解 书页 圈下来

重点理解：连估带猜：估估猜猜，不求准确。障碍：阻碍前进的东西，本文指不会读，不理解的词

6、指导书写。

（1）指名说用什么方法，几乎这些字形。

（2）观察这些字在田字格中的位置，说说注意点。

7、默读课文，根据提示，分段：

什么叫“拦路虎”，遇到它绕着走有什么坏处。（1~2）通过查字典扫除“拦路虎”。（3~4）

三、学习第一段。

1指名读，思考：你读懂了什么？ 2小组内讨论交流。3组内代表汇报。

4提问面对拦路虎，绕着走的原因和危害是什么？ 出示重点句子： a有的同学由于怕麻烦，或急于想知道下面的内容，也就懒得去查字典，只是连估带猜

这样做，不仅字音容易读错，而且字词的意思也很难以理解。

“连估带猜”是个常用结构，表示两种动作紧接着，差不多同时发生。说几个“连 „带„”的词语。用”不仅 而且“造句。

b再说，你这次见到拦路虎”绕着走，说不定什么时候读书，它有会。跑过来“拦”你 的路。

四、面对拦路虎，我们应该如何消灭，学习第二段。

1选择你喜欢的朗读方式，思考：哪些语句给你启发较深。谈谈自己的感受。相机出示：

a要知道，字典就是无声的老师，遇到“拦路虎”，便要去请教它。b如果是自己的书，还可以在书页的空白处记下生字的读音和意思。c由此看来，要扫除‘拦路虎’,勤查字典是一个有效的办法。

2、指名读第二段。齐读。3小组内读自己喜欢的句子。

五、复习指导几种查字典的方法。

1、指名说

2、教师总结。a、音序查字法

如果只知道某个字的读音，还想知道这个字的写法和字义时就用音序查字法。b、部首查字法

知道某一个字的字形，还想知道这个字的读音和字义时就用部首查字法。

六、举行读书汇报会。

小组内交流，选拔优秀文章。推荐在全班演讲。

七、作业设计：

一、用下列表示不同意思的字组词。

例：白： A、表示叙述（表白）B、表示清楚（明白）

1、表示头（）

2、表示首领（）

3、表示首领（）

4、表示出头告发（）疾：

1、表示病（）

2、表示快（）穷：

1、表示没有钱（）

2、表示穷尽（）

终：

1、表示最后（）

2、表示自始自终的整段时间（二、写出下列引号的用法。

A 着重指出 B 特殊意义 C 直接引用

1、请记住，读书莫放拦路虎”。（）

2、歌中唱到：“世上只有妈好„„”（））

3、世界上最深的淡水湖，现在正被沿岸工厂排放的污水“吞噬”着。（）

三、照样子将意思相似的成语连起来。

瓜熟蒂落 临阵磨枪 聚沙成塔 化险为夷 卸磨杀驴 独木难支 绳锯木断 集腋成裘 管中窥豹 过河拆桥 眼高手低 量体裁衣 临渴掘井 坐井观天 不翼而飞 水滴石穿 孤掌难鸣 口蜜腹剑 对症下药 不胫而走 笑里藏刀 水到渠成 转危为安 志大才疏

八、板书设计：

11、读书莫放“拦路虎”

迎难而上

面对“拦路虎”

勇于战胜

九、资料链接：

培养良好的习惯

一、多比较、多归纳、多揣摩、多体会

1945年叶圣陶先生在《国语教学的两个基本观念》一文中指出：“„„阅读方法不仅是机械地解释字义，记诵文名句，研究文法修辞的法则，最紧要的还在多比较，多归纳，多揣摩，多体会，一字一句都不轻易放过，务必发现它的特性。惟有这样阅读，才能发掘文章的蕴蓄，没有一点含糊。也惟有这样阅读，才能够养成用字词造句的好习惯，下笔不至于有损失。”可见指导学生对课文中语句“多比较、多归纳、多揣摩、多体会”，这是培养学生阅读能力的最重要的方法。多比较就是在阅读时恰到好处的创设相关情境，并以此为参照对象，对课文中的词句进行比较推敲，从而认识作者用词造句的精妙，不断增强“语感”。多归纳就是指导学生归纳层意、段意、写作方法等，使其从中获得概念，发展语文能力。多揣摩就是经常指导学生思索推敲词句的内涵，琢磨作者的言外之意，从而深刻理解课文的内容，学习作者用词造句的技巧。多体会就是引导学生理解体会课文中紧扣中心的重点词句怎样表情达意，刻画人物形象和描绘事物特点的，从而使学生领会课文蕴含的感情，受到高尚情操的熏陶。

二、培养学生良好的阅读习惯

《全日制义务教育语文课程标准》指出：“阅读教学的主要任务是：培养学生的阅读能力和良好的阅读习惯。”阅读习惯虽属非智力因素，但它对智力因素和阅读能力的提高起着积极的促进作用。为使学生学会思考与读书，真正养成良好的阅读习惯，我认为应从以下六个方面进行培养： 1.专心致志的读书习惯

专心致志的读书习惯要在激发阅读兴趣上下功夫：选择学生喜欢读的书，以培养学生的兴趣；选择革命故事书，以陶冶学生的情操；提出程度适中或有一定坡度的问题，提高学生阅读的注意力等等，这样才能使学生全身心地投入到阅读之中，达到专心致志的读书目的，即所谓的“钻进书本”。2.有目的地训练学生形成良好的阅读习惯

古人说：“开卷有益”，学生通过阅读，从中学到很多知识。但是，每次阅读都有不同的收获，这就是阅读的目的性。在教学一篇新课文时，第一次读，是处理生字词，初步理解课文内容；第二次读，要求理解主要内容；第三次，则突出以训练组为重点，以重点训练项目为核心，进行扎扎实实地训练；第四次，第五次„„书读得多了，读书的目的性也就更明确了，良好的阅读习惯则逐步形成。3.边读边思考的习惯

在阅读中培训学生的思维能力是阅读教学中的重要任务，因此，让学生在阅读中养成勤读善思、精度品味的习惯，是不容忽视的，即所谓的“跳出书本”。4.不动笔墨不读书的习惯

这一点即要求只要读书，就要使用“文房四宝”。在书本上标出不理解或理解模糊的字词句段，应重点阅读或求“外援”；圈划好的语句，进行摘录加深认识。同时，要求学生人手一册专用。这样既培养了学生良好的阅读习惯，又提高了学生的写作水平和能力。

5.读书时勤翻工具书，利用资料的习惯

古人云：“君子生非易也，善假于物也。”让学生学会使用工具书的方法，养成良好的查阅资料的习惯，以充实阅读的内容，加深理解的过程，从中学到更多的知识。

6.参加读书实践的习惯

教师根据教材的特点，按照各类文体的一般阅读方法，为学生设计具体的操作性读书步骤，并对每一个读书步骤提出明确的要求，然后留有比较充分的时间让学生进行读书实践，再进行检测，反馈信息，必要的矫正。让学生进行目标明确、步骤合理、检测严格的阅读实践，真正体现学生为主体，读书为主线，养成良好的参加实践的阅读习惯。

良好的阅读习惯，不是一朝一夕能养成的，它要求教师不断地激发学生在阅读中的求知欲，通过学生自身的投入、参与、探索，掌握阅读的方法和步骤，扩大阅读量，达到阅读的目的，从而为今后的自学打下基础。

三、用好自读课本，培养学生的自学能力

《全日制义务教育语文课程标准》指出：“课外阅读可以加速培养并提高学生听说读写的能力；可以丰富学生的生活，开阔视野，增长知识；可以激发学生的兴趣，发挥特长，发展个性；可以陶冶学生的情操，使学生得到思想教育。”在指导学生运用自读课本的过程中，教师应发挥主导作用，指导学生掌握读书方法，每周设立一节指导课，教学生读书方法。

阅读教学中，指导学生“多比较、多归纳、多揣摩、多体会”，养成良好的阅读习惯，能“令学生运其才智、勤其练习、领悟之源广开，纯熟之功弥紧”（叶圣陶语），从而不断提高学生的阅读能力。

12、伊索寓言

一、教学目标：

1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。

2、学会本课10个生字。两条绿线内的4个只识不写。理解由生字组成的词语。

3、知道这三则寓言的故事，能从寓意中获得教益。教学重点：能结合生活中的例子体会寓意。

教学准备：课前布置学生阅读《伊索寓言》，了解有关《伊索寓言》的资料。教学时间：三课时

二、学生状态解读：

这篇文章对于心智不太成熟、阅历颇为单纯的学生来说，他们往往不能一下子就能有所领悟，尤其是这篇内蕴较深的课文，这样设计导语就能激起学生的兴趣，拓展学生的思维。

三、文本教材解读：

《狐狸与葡萄》，作者告诉我们：有些人无能为力，做不成事，却偏偏说时机还没有成熟。这种现象在现实中屡见不鲜，比比皆是。当他们无能为力，做不成事时，多会为自己找借口。中国人最为直接的表现，是阿Q的精神胜利法。课文中的狐狸，为什么会吃不到葡萄却说葡萄酸哪？这是理解寓意的关键。我看有四条：一是狐狸特别想吃葡萄。狐狸看到葡萄馋得直流口水，是最好的说明。二是狐狸，真是没有能力吃到葡萄。所以它想尽办法，也是白费劲。三是狐狸非常失望。你看，它感到无望，不就是感到没有希望。狐狸没有吃到葡萄的难过、失望，尽出。四是狐狸心存不甘。“只好转身离开中的”“只好”，活画出狐狸想吃吃不到，又不情愿、舍不得离开的窘态。在这种心里的作用下，狐狸才为自己找借口，自我嘲讽：“这些葡萄肯定是酸的，不好吃。”虽是一篇小文章，用字炼句之精炼，令人折服。

《牧童和狼》的寓意中，暗含了一个因果关系：因为一贯说谎，即使说了真话，也没有人会相信。一贯说慌的行为，导致了即使说了真话，也没有人相信。故事的内容、寓意，学生一看即明。重点在于理解这种一贯说谎的危害。故事为了突出这种危害，采用对比的手法写一贯说谎时牧童与村民的表现：哈哈大笑——惊慌失措，喊破喉咙——没人前来帮忙；用对比的手法写牧童狼来先后的神态变化：哈哈大笑——吓坏、慌忙、喊破喉咙。通过对比研读，学生明确牧童与村民前后的系列变化，都是由于牧童一贯说谎造成的。且这些词语感情色彩强烈，给读者震撼，给读者警醒。

《蝉和狐狸》中的蝉，为什么能够从别人的灾难中吸取教训，因为它是一个聪明人。这是理解寓意的重点。故事中哪些地方表现蝉聪明？一为察觉。蝉因为得到乌鸦的教训，很快察觉其中有诈。二为实验。它摘了一片树叶扔下来，狐狸果然上当，以为是蝉，猛扑过去。三为推理。蝉从狐狸的粪便里掺杂蝉的翅膀中，推理出狐狸想吃它的本意。这是从现象中推理，推理是人类重要的思维能力。四为用外交的手法。蝉对狐狸的话，柔中带钢，用商量的语气显得客气。“你看，朋友，„„”。它看似客气，实为讥讽狐狸。

四、教学准备：投影片

五、常规活动：

龟兔赛跑

寓意:骄兵必败；只有持之以恒，才能实现目标。披着狮皮的驴 寓意:外表虽然可以暂时掩盖一个人的缺点，但它很容易被揭穿。披着羊皮的狼 寓意:事物的外表有时候会掩盖它的本质，所以我们不能只凭表面现象就作判断。口渴的乌鸦 寓意:有些东西虽然看起来微不足道，但如果积少成多，便会带来很大变化。狐狸和山羊寓意:处于困境之中的人为了摆脱困境，往往不惜牺牲别人的利益，所以他们的建议常常是不可信的。

六、教学过程：

第一课时

一、了解寓言及《伊索寓言》的有关知识。

1、同学们都很喜欢看寓言故事，那你们知道寓言故事有什么特点吗？ 寓言，是通过一个小故事，用比喻、拟人等手法，来说明某个道理或教训的文学作品，往往带有讽刺和劝诫的性质。

2、简介《伊索寓言》及其作者。伊索是公元前6世纪的希腊寓言家，曾经是一个奴隶。他机智幽默，聪颖过人，在儿童心目中始终扮演一个故事大王的角色。《伊索寓言集》是人类文明史上的一座丰碑。它的内容十分在一定历史条件下，题材相当广泛，从不同角度反映了古希腊的社会现实和风土人情，尤其集中反映了下层社会里奴隶的思想感情。《伊索寓言集》里的角色大都由动物担任。这些动物和人一样，会思考，能说话，从本质上说仍是人的化身，代表着当时社会上的各色人物。

二、引入课题，初读寓言。

1、今天我们继续学习伊索的寓言，课文共有三个故事。我们首先来学习《狐狸和葡萄》。（板课题）学生齐读课题。

2、提出初读要求：想想这则寓言讲了什么故事，注意生字的读音，读通读顺句子。

3、汇报初读情况。学生说说自己对寓言内容的理解。提醒学生注意“狐狸”在一起连读时，“狸”读轻声，“谗”读翘舌音，“酸”读平舌音。

三、细读课文，领会寓意。

1、齐读第一、二自然段。

2、自读每自然段。思考：从哪些词句可以看出狐狸非常想吃葡萄？（馋得直流口水 想尽各种办法自己先找出来读一读。师生交流。

3、小组合作讨论：狐狸能想到哪些方法去够葡萄？

4、“白费劲”说明了什么？你能想象出此时狐狸的神情吗？

5、自读第二段。思考：从哪些句子可以看出狐狸在“白费劲”、“无望”的情况下，仍然对葡萄恋恋不舍？

6、同学们吃过成熟的葡萄吗？是什么滋味？狐狸为什么说葡萄肯定是酸的，不好吃？

默读第三自然段。从上面的故事你能知道“无能为力”是什么意思吗？你怎么理解这段话？

提示寓意对照前面的故事或生活中的事例把你所读懂的道理讲给同学听听。

四、作业：熟读课文。

第二课时

一、故事引入，提示课题。

1、大家还记得我们熟悉的那个《狼来了》的故事吗？谁来给同学们讲一讲。

2、这个故事也是选自《伊索寓言》，今天我们就来学习这个故事。（板课题）齐读课题。

二、初读寓言，了解内容。

1、自读寓言，要求：读准字音，读通读顺句子。想想这则寓言讲了什么故事？

2、指名读，说说讲了一件什么事？

三、细读寓言，领会寓意。

1、默读第一和第二自然段，边读边想：在“好几次”和“后来”发生的事情中，牧童和村民们各有什么不同的表现？引导学生抓住重点词语，进一步读懂课文。狼没来

牧童：几次大叫

（说谎）

村民：闻声赶来（上当）不禁哈哈大笑（捉弄村民）

惊慌失措（气愤）狼来了

牧童：吓坏大叫

（真话）

村民：没人帮忙（不相信）

2、体会：牧童两次“大叫”时的不同情感，村民两次听到“大叫”的不同情感。

3、生活中你有经历过或见过听过类似的例子吗？

4、齐读最后一个自然段，说说自己对寓意的理解。

四、细读寓言，体会寓意。

1、想想《狐狸和乌鸦》和《蝉和狐狸》这两个故事有什么相似之处，又有什么不同之处？

2、相似的是狐狸为了达到自己不可告人的目的，都在说奉承话。“故意”点出狐狸的假心假意，“赞叹”是为吃蝉而设下的“圈套”。不同之处是乌鸦上当了，而蝉没有上当。

3、读第三、四自然段，思考：蝉为什么没有上当？ 蝉：“察觉„„有诈”“摘下„„扔下来”

（头脑很清醒，保持警觉，进行试探。）

理解“有诈”。狐狸：“以为是蝉”“猛扑过去”（露出了真面目）

4、读第五自然段，说说自己对寓意的理解。

引导学生体会蝉不仅有智慧，更重要的是它能从同伴的灾难中吸取教训。（生活中有没有类似的例子）

五、积累迁移。

选一两个你喜欢的寓言故事，讲给别人听。

七、作业设计：

1、抄写三个寓言故事的寓意，能结合实际说一说。

2、收集伊索的寓言故事，在班级开展“故事会”。

3、自己试着写一写小寓言故事。

八、板书设计：

《伊索寓言》

古代社会（小孩）现代社会（成人）（简单、幼稚）（复杂、狡猾）

九、资料链接：

伊索寓言 △西方寓言的始祖

△影响人类文化的100本书之一

△世界上最古老的寓言集

△一本生活的教科书

△对西方伦理道德、政治思想影响最大的书

△鉴别善恶美丑的启蒙教材

作者：伊索（古希腊），公元前６世纪成书，罗念生译。

伊索出生于小亚细亚的弗律基亚，曾在一个名叫克珊托斯的富人家为奴，由于聪颖智慧，被解除奴隶身份并获得自由；他曾游历各地，给人们讲述寓言故事。据说小亚细亚的吕底亚国王克洛索斯非常器重他，派他出使德尔斐，结果伊索遇害身亡。

《伊索寓言》是古希腊人生活智慧的结晶，通俗易懂，文字简练，被誉为西方寓言的始祖。它反映的内容很多，绝大部分是讲做人的道德准则方面的问题。他的出现奠定了寓言作为一种文学体裁的基石，早已超越出地理的界限，在欧洲文学史上产生深远而广泛的影响，成为后世作家创作的源泉和蓝本。

★中国作家、学者钱钟书说：《伊索寓言》大可看得。它至少给予我们三个安慰。第一，这是一本古代的书，读了可以增进我们对于现代文明的骄傲。第二，它是一本小孩子读物，看了愈觉得我们是成人了，已超出那些幼稚的见解。第三，这部书差不多都是讲禽兽的，从禽兽变到人，你看这中间需要多少进化历程。

▲《狼和小羊》：狼想吃小羊，道貌岸然地掩饰自己的罪行，但当纯朴的小羊戳穿他虚伪的面孔时，狼便露出了强横的本性。（对于那些存心作恶的人，任何正当的辩解都不起作用。）

▲《农夫和蛇》：农夫在冬天见到一条蛇冻僵了，于是将它放到怀中暖热。蛇醒后咬了恩人一口，农夫中毒而死。

▲《龟兔赛跑》：乌龟和兔子进行比赛，乌龟依靠坚持不懈地努力战胜了一路懈怠的兔子。

▲《狐狸和葡萄》：狐狸看见架上的葡萄，但是它又摘不到，临走时，说葡萄是酸的。

★《伊索寓言》是16世纪末17世纪初，由意大利传教士利玛窦、庞迪我引译至中国的。清末各种译本相继出现，1955年人民出版社出版了中国第一个由古希腊文直接翻译的《伊索寓言》。◎有些人能力小，办不成事，却推托时机未成熟。◎挑选什么样的朋友，自己就是什么样的人。◎对恶人即使仁义不尽，他们的本性也是不会改变的。◎一直说谎的人即使说了真话，也没有人会相信。◎虽然慢，只要坚持不懈，最终会赢得胜利。

读书指导：

我读书，我快乐

一、导读引路，激发兴趣。

1、请同学介绍《伊索寓言集》和伊索其人。

2、请一两个同学讲伊索寓言故事。

二、明确读书要求，制订读书计划。

1、伊索寓言版本较多，选择合适自己的一本进行阅读，要持之以恒，读完整本书。

2、养成不动笔墨不读书的良好习惯。

自己的书：可以在书上圈圈画画，也可以在书上随手记下自己的感想和体会。借来的书：在自己的读书笔记上作记录，也可自抽读书卡片，抄写点明故事寓言的语句。

采用各种方式随时留下自己的读书思考痕迹。

3、制订读书计划，鼓励学生做到每天必看，根据自己的情况大体的、规定一个时间表，一般可在一个月左右完成。

三、后继活动，深化阅读效果。

在全班同学都读完《伊索寓言集》后，组织学生交流心得体会，联系具体故事谈谈自己读了以后的感受，有哪些心得，获得怎样的思想启迪，对“我读书我快乐”有哪些体会。

练习三

教学目标：

1、借助京剧《红灯记》，了解谚语和戏剧的关系，明白唱段中的弦外之音。

2、写好钢笔字和毛笔字。

3、诵读和感悟美文《幸福》。

4、口语交际：学会拒绝。教学重难点：

1、了解谚语和戏剧的关系。

2、口语交际：学会拒绝。教学时间：三课时 教学过程：

第一课时

课时目标：学会联系剧情领会唱词的弦外之音，了解和戏曲有关的谚语；写好钢笔字，注意整体布局。

一、教学第一题（语文与生活）

1、教学第一部分。

（1）导入：同学们，京剧是中国的国粹，而现代京剧在对传统京剧进行变革的基础上，更讲究唱词的优美和内涵。

（2）播放录音，出示剧照：《红灯记》的故事发生在抗日战争时期，共产党员李玉和由于叛徒出卖而被捕。在敌人的酒席宴上，在牢房里，在刑场上，李玉和英勇顽强，坚贞不屈。李奶奶鼓励铁梅经受考验，迎接斗争。残暴的敌人无计可施，最后杀害了李玉和、李奶奶。铁梅继承父亲、奶奶的遗志，在党组织和群众的帮助下，机智地摆脱了敌人的追捕，胜利地完成了党交给的任务。对照题中唱词来听，了解大意。

（3）思考：剧中人物为什么要这样说，你能听得懂这段话的弦外之音吗? 联系剧情交流，再细读这段话。

2、教学第二部分——再次放录音。

3、教学第三部分。（1）出示谚语。

（2）思考：这些谚语表达了什么意思？

理解这些谚语的意思：掌握戏曲艺术，必须从小苦练功夫，锲而不舍，持之以恒，才能卓有成效。练习读谚语。

（3）指导朗读和背诵。

二、教学第二题（写好钢笔字）

1、重点指导“郊野、碧蓝、嫦娥”等词和整体布局。

2、根据描红情况及时小结。

第二课时

课时目标：读背《幸福》，通过和续写的对比诵读增加积累；学写毛笔字。

一、第三题（诵读与感悟）

1、出示《幸福》。

2、思考：“幸福”在文中是什么含义？

结合课文内容交流：幸福，不在于取得，而在于奉献。

3、指导朗读和背诵。

4、拓展：幸福还会是什么？

二、教学第五题（学写毛笔字）

1、出示学生优秀书法作品让学生欣赏。

2、边范写边讲解虎字头、病字头的书写方法。

第三课时

课时目标：练习口语交际——学会拒绝别人。

一、故事导入

1、讲述：一次记者招待会上，有位外国记者问周恩来总理中国的国库中一共有多少钱？这是国家机密，是不容泄露的。总理想了想回答说：有18元8角8分。众人大惑不解。周总理解释说：人民币的面值分别为1分、2分、5分，1角、2角、5角，1元、2元、5元、10元，这些钱加起来就是18元8角8分，众人听了都哈哈大笑。周恩来是出色的政治家、外交家，语言幽默机智。他的回答既拒绝了对方的提问要求，又达到了不伤害对方感情的目的。，这种方法就叫婉转拒绝。

2、揭题：当我们面对自己的亲人、老师、好朋友、同学或者一些陌生但又善意的朋友，如果他们提出的要求你不能接受，但又不想伤害他们，你将怎么去做呢？最好的方法就是婉转拒绝。

二、具体指导

1、思考：明明今天遇上了个小难题，他最要好的朋友丁丁请他周六下午一起去看电影，可明明每个周六下午都要上英语辅导班，明明不想耽误英语学习，可又担心丁丁不高兴，不知道该怎么办，他该怎么办？

2、思考：芳芳是个小书迷，星期天，妈妈又给她买来一本芳芳最喜欢的《爱的教育》。芳芳正看得开心，她的小邻居壮壮来了，非要借这本书。要知道，这个壮壮可是个毁书大王，同学们说，芳芳该怎么办？ 对于别人不合理的要求，我们要学会拒绝。但是，拒绝的学问可大呢。同学们想想，芳芳该怎么说呢？

3、思考：还有一种情况，当别人给你提出的要求有一定危害性时，我们不光要拒绝，还要指出错误所在，规劝他人。例如有人约你周末去网吧打游戏，你该怎么办？好好想想，可以和邻桌同学商量。

三、合作交流

1、看来同学们已经学会了如何拒绝。书中还有两个问题，同学们邻桌为一组，选择一题，进行练说。

2、总结：在日常生活中，我们难免会遇到自己不能接受或不合理的事情，这个时候就要有拒绝的艺术，拒绝的不卑不亢，不伤和气，希望同学们在生活中不断学习拒绝的方法，在与人交往中成熟起来。