复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1-6

时间:2019-05-14 13:42:38下载本文作者:会员上传
简介:写写帮文库小编为你整理了多篇相关的《复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1-6》,但愿对你工作学习有帮助,当然你在写写帮文库还可以找到更多《复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1-6》。

第一篇:复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1-6

复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1

Unit 1

I.英汉翻译原理第一讲: 什么是翻译?

【例1】

The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.(“×”号表示译文有问题,下同)×树的历史开始于森林中,直到生产为木板后被使用为止,成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。

上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容:

1、树的历史的起迄时间

2、树的历史是怎样一回事

【译文】

一棵树,从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止,这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事,在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。

【例2】

There are two regulatory systems which interact.One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明,就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。【译文】

人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息,依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法,常表现如下:

1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬,但基本可读。如:

【例3】

I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.【错误】我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家,他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。

【译文】

我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家,他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。

2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通,甚至不知所云。如:

【例4】

The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme.The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern.【错误】传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。【译文】

传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思,而是对固定形式的个性化处理。

3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式,翻译无从着手。如:考博论坛-j2 b.K* v/ W(J 【例5】

Find yourself.Be yourself.Popularity will come--with the people who respect you for who you are.【译文】

发现自我,如实地表现自我,你自然会为人们所喜欢--为那些尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。

【例6】

Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years? 【译文】

你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何?

翻译不是一种语言中的词语和语句结构到另一种语言的词语和语句结构的简单转换,也不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中对等的词语和语句结构然后将其串接成句的过程。在英汉翻译中,如果把眼光盯着原文的词语和语句结构这些属于语言层次的东西,结果翻译出来的只是一种文字层次的转换,徒具其形,原文的内容和意义不可能得到很好的表达。

翻译究竟是什么呢?

翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程,两者之间有诸多相似之处。

交通工具换乘过程: 内容(人员)载体(运输工具1)

内容(人员)载体(运输工具2)

翻译过程: 内容(信息)载体(源语)

内容(信息)

载体(译语)

比较两者,其共同点有:

(1)两者带有相似的目的:

两种转换过程都是为了实现内容通过载体的变换从一端到另一端的传递。

(2)两者含有相似的基本要素:

第一要素内容,在交通工具换乘过程中是人员,而在翻译过程中则是信息。

第二要素载体,在交通工具换乘过程中是车辆、船舶、飞机等,转换前是一种运输工具,转换后改为另一种运输工具;而在翻译过程中则是语言,转换前是源语(source language),转换后是译语(target language)。

(3)两者具有相似的操作要求:

第一,两者都要求内容不变。第二,两者都要求过程顺畅

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation:Problems & Methods一书中说: Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language.Translating is always meaning-based, i.e.it is the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.(翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语,而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义,也就是说,是语义从源语到译语的转换,而不是形式。)

这说明了翻译是语义的翻译,不是语言形式的翻译,是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容,而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中含义相似的某些词语或结构。翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚,必须着眼于传达原文的内容和意义。

换句话说,翻译的基本单位应该是语篇,而不是词语结构。根据系统功能语言学家的观点,语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言语单位,而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、一个句段、一个句群,也有可能是一个词语。翻译作为语言交际的一种形式,其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

II.课堂练习(分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子,并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果):

1.It's more a poem than a picture.2.He drank himself out of the best lines.3.He pretends to be as modest as anything.4.Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.5.The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.6.Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg.7.If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.8.The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.III.课堂练习参考译文:

1.与其说那是一幅画,不如说那是一首诗。2.他借酒写得好诗句。3.他装得极为谦虚。

4.火是无孔不入的,可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。5.循声而去,便轻而易举地找到了那间屋子。

6.我陪着小心,用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一斑车的情况。7.在社交场合,你就是感到情绪压抑,也不要表露出来。8.患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。

IV.课外练习(分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子,并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果):

1.He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself.。w

2.World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity.。

3.While you are in the act of summoning your energies, focus on a plan.Don't exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and all possibilities.4.A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is bad, it can not last too long;if good you can not get rid of it too early.5.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check--a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds”.6.A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.(}% i0 c o: P: K: I: X!^0 h 7.To petrol we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse.To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.8.Because of limited insurance coverage, many people will have to look to their own resources--both emotional and financial--to care for an infirm or recovering relative at home.9.During the last six years, 44 of 60 scholarship winners have been the children of foreigners.the talent search, certainly in this decade, is a tribute as much to immigration as to education.10.The new architectural styles have become powerful image makers overseas.Two stunning arrivals now gracing Hong Kong's crowded skyline--the privately-owned Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank building and Bank of China's headquarters--stand as monuments to the rival economic interests, cultures and ideologies that define the city

Unit 2/

I.课外练习参考译文:

1.他要找一位了解他的案情,同情他的处境,并有过亲身经历的人当他的律师。2.他的著作举世闻名,而他个人却一直默默无闻,因为他一生始终避免抛头露面。3.在集中精力的过程中,要集中于一种打算;不要同时涉足各种可能的情况而搞得精疲力竭一事无成。

4.书可以比作邻居:如果是好的,相处愈久愈好;如果是坏的,分手愈早愈好。5.美国没有履行这种神圣的义务,相反,只是给黑人开了一张空头支票,上面盖了“资金不足”的戳子后被退了回来。

6.朋友是能使你表现出自己最佳品质的人,和他在一起你就会精神焕发,并且变得更具有友谊所要求的种种内涵 7.有了汽油,我们才有了汽车,取代了私人马车;有了汽油,我们才有可能飞上天空。;8.由于保险金的支付范围有限,许多人无论在感情上或经济上都必须靠自己的力量在家中照料病弱或康复中的亲人。9.过去六年里,每60名奖学金获得者中就有44名是外来移民的子女。人才奖的评选,当然是指这十年,不仅为美国教育,也为美国移民增添了光彩

10.这种种新的建筑风格已经非常有力地塑造了香港在海外的形象。在拥挤的空中出现了两幢令人叹为观止的新建筑点缀其间,一幢是私营的汇丰银行大楼,另一幢是中国银行总部,代表并象征了香港相互竞争的经济利益、文化和意识形态。

【例7】

Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in the political realm.×公共舆论在政治领域起着生命力的、健康的作用。

【译文】

舆论在政治领域起着极其重要的、有益的作用。

【例8】

I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me.×我相信如果你有足够的好心支持我的话,它将会改变形势。

【译文】

我相信如果你非常好心能撑我一把的话,情况就不一样了。7 u$ |1 k' J8 r.U5 I 【例9】

Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.×职业和工作带来很大的幸福和满足,而我们大多数人并不意识到这一点。【译文】

职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很大的作用,我们大多数人对此却认识不足。

两类问题:一类是译文语义基本符合原文,但汉语表达有欠正确;另一类是汉语表达尚有可读性,但译文语义不符原文。

目前翻译界普遍接受的,也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准,简而言之是两条:忠实(Faithfulness)和流畅(Smoothness)。

【例10】

For Nat Nakasa the pledge he was required to sign--to leave his country and never return proved too much;he committed suicide in New York.×纳特•纳卡萨不得不发誓离开祖国,不管情况如何永不返家,并自杀于纽约。

【译文】

对纳特•纳卡萨来说,要他签字保证离开祖国永不返回是难以接受的:他在纽约自杀了。

【例11】

In the wake of his mother's death some thirty-six years later, Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about it.在他母亲去世36年之后,海明威又想起了那次历险奇遇,并试图写一部小说。

【译文】

大约36年过后,在他母亲去世后的不久海明威又想起了那次遭遇的险情,并试图就此写一部小说。

考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,kaobo.cn,kaobo.org' _% |, p5 p/ j& P, B 外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文,原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑,于是原文的语言形式被带入译文,造成了译文的外语腔。

【例12】

The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.×他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。

【译文】

气候变化,他仅稍稍作了一点变通,赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

【例13】

If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way--taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs he belongs to.×假如某些动物心理学家的分析正确,狗在很大程度上代表着它的家人 - 理所当然这一家也就属于狗帮了。【译文】

假如有些动物心理学家的分析正确,狗对于他所在家庭的认同是非常实际的--它理所当然地认为这一家人就是它所归属的一群狗。

现代西方著名翻译理论家Eugene A.Nida 在其理论著述中经常谈到读者反应的问题。他认为,翻译的服务对象是读者,要评判译文质量的优劣,必须看读者对译文的反应如何,同时必须把这种反应与原作读者对原文可能产生的反应进行对比,看两种反应是否基本一致。1

除了忠实和流畅这两项基本标准之外,好的译文还必须保持原文的风格,包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。文艺作品的翻译尤其要求这样做。译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格,不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。

III.课堂练习(努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准,把下列句子译成汉语):

1.She couldn't have come at a better time.2.She has been a widow only six months.3.I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.4.The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too.5.The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.6.From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.7.But the next century we'll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms.8.As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are--instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.IV.课堂练习参考译文: 1.她来得正是时候。

2.她的丈夫去世至今不过半年。

3.我认为那篇讲话口气强硬,大可不必。4.马其顿之争同希腊也有关系。

5.英国人同其他民族一样,也有丰富的感情。

6.从物理学的观点来看,不同的波长有多少种,颜色就有多少种。

7.但下个世纪我们将能根本改变DNA,能在构建新的生命时把我们的种种想象、种种出于虚荣的要求,都编入遗传密码。

8.作为人,我们应该不问他人的身份如何都尊重他们,从而显示出自己高超的智慧和道德,而不要因为他们没有某种身份或地位而去卑视他们。

V.课外练习(努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准,把下列短文译成汉语):

I first took up walking as a means of escape.After a busy morning in my office, I found it refreshing to take a stroll at lunchtime, to breathe the fresh air and feel the sun.Another walk in the cold night air was, I discovered, an exhilarating way to unwind.I'll never forget the feeling I got one winter night as I walked the deserted streets after many grueling hours at the hospital.I suddenly realized that I no longer felt tense or tired.All the worries about my patients' illnesses, as well as my own personal cares, seemed to evaporate as quickly as the smoky vapor of my breath in the frosty night.As I incorporated walking into my schedule, not only were my spirits lifted, but my weight and blood pressure were gradually reduced.I began reviewing the medical literature on walking.From this research, and my clinical observations as a family physician, I found that it is possible to walk your way to better health, a trimmer body and a longer life--no matter what your age.Walking--like swimming, bicycling and running--is an aerobic exercise which builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles.Such exercise may be a primary factor in the prevention of heart and circulatory disease.As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the most acceptable exercise for the greatest number of people.Walking at comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio-respiratory system by stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exercise.(279 words)Unit 38

I.课外练习参考译文:

我最初开始散步是作为一种脱身之计。在办公室里忙了一个上午之后,我发现午饭时出去走一走,吸一口新鲜空气,享受一下阳光,十分令人神清气爽。我还发现,在夜间充满寒意的空气中散步也是一种使人心旷神怡的放松办法。一个冬夜,经过了医院里好几个小时精疲力竭的工作后我漫步在空旷无人的大街上,那种感觉永远都无法忘却。我一下子发现自己不再感到紧张疲劳。什么病人的病情、个人的烦恼,似乎就像寒夜中呼出的热气,一下子都烟消云散了,我把散步纳入了每天的日程,不仅精神振作了,而且体重和血压也逐渐下降了。我开始查阅有关散步的医学文献。通过研究,还通过从事家庭保健医生工作中的临床观察,我发现,无论年龄大小,散步都能健身瘦身,延年益寿。

散步同游泳、骑车、跑步等一样,是一种有氧运动,能够增加皮肤和肌肉的供氧,从而增进体能和耐力。这种运动可成为预防心血管疾病的主要因素。

T 散步是一种最不激烈、最为安全的有氧运动,对绝大多数人都极其合适。以舒适的速度步行能促进心肺活动,从而提高心肺功能,虽然比起其他各种运动方式来散步的作用较为缓慢。)II.英汉翻译原理第二讲:什么是好的译文?(续)

【例14】

There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.【译文】

他们之间既有对抗,又有合作。

【例15】

He died, and was survived by wife and three children.【译文】

他死了,撇下了妻子和三个孩子。

【例16】

Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.【译文】

司法部门如果对此不闻不问,那就是失职。0 G+ E4 F: q1 H7 n6 W 【例17】

Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.【译文】

他显然具备了垂钓者的首要品质,即以钓为乐,钓多钓少无所谓。www.xiexiebang.com.L7(w+ e.Q3 ~ ×去你的吧!你去向领导汇报我对他们的不敬吧!

【译文】

去你的吧!你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦!

【例34】

He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.【译文】

他吃完最后的一道消食小吃,在女佣人打扫碎屑时,催她快一点。

【例35】

Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.×德里克自以为是讨女人喜欢的人,可是为了讨我喜欢,他却花很多时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。【译文】

德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人,可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

III、课堂练习(以下各句的译文在理解上都有问题。请正确理解以下各句,并指出译文中的理解错误)及参考译文:

1.My delegation is not satisfied that the case has yet been made for convening such a broad conference.×我方代表团对于没有人提出理由说明应召开如此广泛的会议很不满意。我方代表团认为,还没有人提出充分理由说明应召开如此广泛的会议。(satisfy 说服,使确信)www.xiexiebang.com$ [: m.X, L# ^(Z“ F;S 2.The nationalized industries have been spoon-fed for so long that they don't care whether they give value for money, or make a profit or loss.' R+ w/ l$ n.e0 A ×国有工业长期受到优厚待遇,他们不在乎钱,也不在乎盈利或亏损。

一些国有行业长期受到优厚待遇,他们不在乎钱花得是不是值得,也不在乎盈利或亏损。3.I was not quite sure whether they had locked the door;and when I dared move, I got up and went to see.Alas!no jail was ever more secure.×我不敢肯定他们是不是把门锁上了;等到我敢走动的时候,我站起身来走过去看看。天啊!没有一所监狱更加牢固。我不敢肯定他们是不是把门锁上了;等到我敢走动的时候,我站起身来走过去看看。天啊!锁得牢牢的好象监狱一般

4.Very hesitatingly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field.×我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料,然后小心翼翼地画了一笔,就像雪白的田野上的一粒蚕豆那么大小。我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料,然后非常小心翼翼地在画布雪白的底色上点了豆子般大小的一点。

5.I agree with you that many laws are unjust, but if you make every law a matter of conscience you will end up in jail.我同意你的意见,很多法律是不公正的,但如果你都凭良心来制定每项法律的话,你最终就得坐牢。

我同意你的意见,很多法律是不公正的,但如果你对待每项法律都要讲良心的话,你最终就得坐牢。

6.Ring farewell to the century of physics, the one to which we split the atom and turned silicon into computing power,向物理世纪告别吧,在这个世纪里,我们分裂了原子,把硅变为计算机的动力。向物理学的世纪告别吧,在这个世纪里,我们实现了原子的分裂,我们把硅变成了计算能力。7.The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language.×现在太阳从英国国旗上有规则地落下,但是英语却不是这种情况。/ 现在英国国旗上照到的阳光日益减少,但英语却不是这种情况。

现在,英国已不再是个“日不落”的国家了,但是英语却还是在广泛地流行使用。(Union Jack英国国旗)

8.I hear the Hindoo teaching his favorite pupil the loves, wars, adages, transmitted safely to this day from poets who wrote three thousand years ago.×我听见有三千年前的诗人们书写的、完好无损地流传至今的、有印度教士传授给得意门生的、有关爱情故事、战争和格言。

我听见印度人在向他的得意门生传授爱情故事、战争和格言,这些都是由三千年前的诗人所写并完好地流传至今。

IV、课外练习(正确理解下列短文,并将其译成汉语):

First impressions are often lasting ones.Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the benefits of what sociologists call the ”halo effect.“ This means that if you're viewed positively within the critical first few minutes, the person you've met will likely assume everything you do is positive.How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer's first impression of you.In a landmark study of communications, psychologists discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and a startling 55 percent from our facial expressions.In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with our words, the listener will typically put more weight on the nonverbal message.To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake.If the interviewer doesn't initiate the gesture, offer your hand first.Whenever you have a choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it.That way there are no barriers between the two of you and the effect is somewhat less confrontational.If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down, or angle your body in the chair so you're not directly in front of your interviewer.Monitor your body language to make sure you don't seem too desperate for the job, or too eager to please.Keep a Poker face in business situations.Inappropriate smiling is the most common example of a nonverbal behavior that undercuts verbal messages--making you appear weak and unassertive.Good eye contact is also important.One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are perceived as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.(298 words)Unit 5

I、课外练习参考译文

第一印象常常是持久的印象。的确,如果处理得当,你就能有幸获得社会学家称之为“光环效应”带来的种种好处。这就是说,要是在一开始关键的几分钟里你就给人留下好的印象,初遇者就可能认为你办的事件件都好。

你的一举一动都会大大影响你给面试者的第一印象。在有关人际交流的一项意义重大的研究中心理学家发现,关于情感和态度的信息有7%来自我们的语言文字,有38%来自我们的语音,而惊人的是,竟有55%来自我们的面部表情。事实上,如果面部表情或说话语调与我们所说的话发生矛盾时,听者通常会更加看重那些非语言信息。

为了使第一次面试成功,一开始的握手要坚定有力。如果面试者没有主动伸出手来,你就主动先把手伸出来。要是可以选择座位的话,要坐在面试者桌子的侧面,而不要坐在正对面。这样坐法你们中间就没有障碍了,而且在一定程度上起到减少对立的作用。如果你只能坐在桌子对面,那么坐的时候把椅子稍微挪一下或者把身体坐的角度偏一点,这样你就不是正对着面试者了。

要注意你的形体语言,千万不要表现得对这份工作迫不及待,也不要表现得急于讨好别人。要保持一种办理公事时一本正经的神态。非语言行为可削弱语言信息的力量,从而使你显得优柔寡断缺乏自信,而不合时宜的微笑就是一个最为常见的例子。良好的目光交流也非常重要。有一项研究发现,多用目光进行交流的求职者可给人以更为机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲:怎样理解原文?

二、要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义:

【例36】

John is now with his parents in New York;it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.考博论坛(o!e-i!D2 m 【译文】

约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约;他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。【例37】

She didn't attend the meeting because she wanted to.【译文】

她去开会并不是她自己想去。

【例38】

As a place to live, it left much to be desired.As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.【译文】

作为居住之处,这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地,却是非常理想的。它地处边陲,人们不易了解其中的活动。

【例39】

The teacher didn't tell her students that in so many words, but obviously something about her attitude convinced them.×老师没有用很多话把这种情况告诉学生,但她的某种态度显然使学生相信情况的确如此。【译文】

老师没有把这种情况对学生明说,但她的某种态度显然使学生相信情况的确如此。【例40】

If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift? ×如果我是免费乘车的话,我上完一次班回家后怎么会那么累呢? 【译文】

如果我上班偷闲的话,我下班回家怎么会那么累呢?

【例41】

I am sorry I was a little short with you just now.I don't feel myself today.×如果我刚才陪你的时间短了一些的话,我很抱歉。今天我自己也没有感觉到。【译文】

刚才对你态度不好,我很抱歉。今天我身体有点不舒服。

三、要结合上下文语境进行理解:

【例42】

The financial implications of this resolution remain to be defined.【译文】

本决议所涉及的财政问题尚待确定。本决议对财政工作的意义尚待阐明。【例43】

The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery.* t c# M)f3 K' ^/ ^7 P 【译文】

暴君恣意肆虐,人民则奋勇反抗。

【例44】

Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.×管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实,诸如就业的模式不断变化 包括外购。重组等现象的猛增。【译文】

管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实,诸如企业用工方式的不断变化 包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。

III、课堂练习(正确理解以下各句,并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉语):

1.Let it deceive them, then, a little longer;it can not deceive them too much.2.We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding.I believe in the principle ”Live and let live“.1 T+ D2 B& S1 E' f1 Y5 r' i 3.He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his word after losing several games.4.I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about love.5.In fact, one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency.6.Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious faults.5 ~.{3 ?9 N& w-A/ N3 N 7.There is probably no better way for a foreigner(or an Englishman)to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.www.xiexiebang.com7 X# u(p(C-r1 {3 l2 o!` 8.We are human and human beings are far from perfect.To be human implies that we will make mistakes.But it's more than that we feel human.We now feel entitled.IV、课堂练习参考译文:

1.那就让这事再骗他们一会儿吧,无论怎样骗他们都不算过分。2.这一套批评挑剔的做法是行不通的。我相信“互相容忍”的原则

3.他说打网球没人打得过他,但输了几场之后,他只好承认自己说错了。_ 4.我读过很多小说,在学校里所见所闻也不少,对于爱情自然就知道得很多。

5.事实上,有位办公制度专家最近说过,他还没见到过有哪个办公场所的工作效率高于百分之六十。

6.有头脑的人谁也不会指望求职者说出自己的缺点和严重过错,同样,也不会指望广告里说的全是真话。

7.对于外国人(甚至包括英国人)来说,要欣赏丰富多采的英语,最好的办法也许就是学习莎士比亚使用英语的各种方法。

8.我们是凡人,而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是,我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。V、课外练习(正确理解下列短文,并将其译成汉语):

A new era is upon us.Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society.It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work.Already we're partly there.The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World.Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan(two thirds or more in many of these countries)are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.More women are in the workforce than ever before.There are more part-time jobs.More people are sell-employed.But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself.Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers--all these are being challenged.We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.Tomorrow's achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar way of dramatic changes.But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth;computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write.The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else.If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant.It will be the way you do your job.(320 words)Unit 6

I、课外练习参考译文:

我们正面临着一个新时代。随你怎么称呼它:服务经济也好,信息时代也好,知识社会也好,一句话,都说明了我们工作方式的根本变化。事实上我们已经开始进入这个时代。西方社会依靠制造产品谋生的人数比例急剧下降了。今天,在美洲、欧洲和日本,大多数人(这些国家中有许多国家已高达三分之二以上)从事服务业,而且人数还在增加。跟从前相比,妇女从业的人数增加了,兼职工作增加了,个体经营者增加了。但是,经济变革幅度的衡量不能只凭数字,因为经济变革同时也引发了对工作本质的全新思维。有关工作和职业生涯、获得成功所必须的技能、乃至个人与雇主的关系,种种传统的观念正在受到挑战。

我们只要回顾从前,就可以对未来有所了解。没有那一位展望未来20年的人能够预料到硅片这样一项发明,因其在个人电脑、数字通讯和工业机器人中的应用,会给我们的世界带来的种种变化。明天在生物技术、人工智能或者有些迄今为止甚至难以想象的技术方面所取得的成就,可能会引起类似的急剧变化。但有一点是肯定的:信息和知识将变得更加重要,而拥有信息和知识的人们,无论他们从事制造业或者服务业,将会具有优势并创造财富,计算机技术将与读写能力一样成为一种基本要求。运用信息解决问题的能力,而不是日常工作的完成,将尤其受到重视。展望未来10年,信息服务将支配一切,将成为你的工作方式。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲:怎样理解原文?(续)

四、要通过吃透词语含义进行理解:

【例45】

While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men.虽然许多女人对与他人亲密无间,分享秘密感到舒坦,而男人却经常刻求在与其他男人的关系中表达感情。【译文】

许多女人亲密相处互吐隐秘感到心安理得,而男人要对其他男人表露感情却非易事。【例46】

On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking you, and not liking you.I wish you would forget it.在那次大醉时,我老考虑是不是喜欢你,搞得我无法忍受,希望你忘了它。【译文】

那一次喝得酩酊大醉的时候,我说了喜欢你不喜欢你的一番话,让你受不了,希望你忘了它吧。【例47】

I felt uncomfortable in the suit I had dredged up to wear.www.xiexiebang.com)m(B;Y!i* s& e k ×穿着那套已经弄干净的衣服,我只觉得浑身不自在。

【译文】

穿着那套费了好大功夫才找出来的衣服,我觉得浑身不自在。【例48】

The school bully threatened Martin with a thick ear.×学校的小霸王打了马丁一个耳光以此作为威胁。【译文】

学校的小霸王扬言要打马丁的耳光。

【例49】

The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency;it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence.×计算机将可能使人类熟练掌握技术产生惊人的飞跃,他推倒了理论和实践之间的隔墙。【译文】

计算机使人类的能力有可能发生巨大的飞跃;它拓展了人类从事实践工作甚至理论工作的智慧。

五、要明确词语的具体指代进行理解:/ o0 t1 B+ n4 f; R5 n 【例50】

Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New York.They were products of the city's first joint venture.Owing to a storm at sea, some of the cargo got stained by seawater.However, the goods duly arrived yesterday.【译文】

有50箱羊毛衫从上海发往纽约。这些羊毛衫是上海首家合资企业的产品。由于海上遇到风暴,其中一部分遭到海水污损,但这批货物已于昨天按时运抵。

【例51】

”Heaven bless you, my child,“ said she, embracing Amelia, and scowling the while over the girl's shoulder at Miss Sharp.”Come away, Becky," said Miss Jemima, pulling the young woman away in great alarm.×她搂着爱米丽亚说:“求老天保佑你,孩子。”一面说,一面从女孩的肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕,赶快拉着年轻女子出来,口里说:“来吧,贝基。

【译文】

她搂着爱米丽亚说:“求老天保佑你,孩子。”一面说,一面从爱米丽亚肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕,赶快拉着夏泼小姐出来,口里说:“走吧,小姐。”

【例52】

I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.×我抓起那支最大的画笔,迅猛异常地向我可怜的受害者扑了过去。

【译文】

我抓起那支最大的画笔,势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。

III、课堂练习(正确理解以下各句,并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉语)1.The investigations were temporarily tabled due to more pressing business.2.After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive.3.One of the great charms of Lawrence as a companion was that he could never be bored and so could never be boring.4.A grass eating animal cannot exist without grass, a predator without prey, a plant without certain basic chemicals or certain kinds of soil.5.If we could consider placing ourselves in other people's shoes, we could teach ourselves how damaging it is to assume anything about anyone.6.A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea.To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions.7.Next door, a large-than-expected audience of 300 attended the International Conference on Laser Atmospheric Studies, which will be covered separately next month.* + P3 B# F!X9 O 8.The quality of attendance, enhanced by an exhibit-admission fee of $50 per day, was widely extolled.The quantity was in doubt, however.All of the 14 exhibitors interviewed questioned the figure of 5,200 given by Fair director G.B.Hovel;the consensus was 2,500 attendees.IV、课堂练习参考译文:

1.由于有更紧急的任务,调查暂不进行。

2.毕竟所有的生物都靠吃其他东西生存,不管这种东西是植物还是动物,是死的还是活的。

3.在跟劳伦斯的相处中感到他有一点可爱之处,那就是他从不讨厌人,因而也从不讨人厌。

4.食草动物没有草不能生存,食肉动物没有猎物无法活命,植物没有一定的基本化学物质或一定的土壤就生长不了。

5.如果我们能够设身处地为别人着想,就会懂得对别人臆断有多大害处。

6.有创造性的人在形成一种想法时决不会照搬固定不变的模式。那种做法往往会束缚思想,有碍于想出多种可能的解决方案。

7.隔壁大厅里,出乎意料地有300人出席了国际激光大气研究会议,有关会议情况本刊将于下月另文报道。

8.由于每天的入场券票价高达50美元,所以前往参观的人都有些身份,受到了普遍称颂。但是参观人数值得怀疑。有14家参展厂商接受了采访,都对交易会主任霍佛尔提供的5,200人这个数字表示怀疑,一般估计是2,500人。

V、课外练习(正确理解下列短文,并将其译成汉语):

One of my favourite moments of the day is among the last--the last conscious one, anyway.After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and the book from collapsing onto my chest, I know it really is time to go to sleep.I affectionately place the book on the bed beside me.We sleep together, me and my book, me and those characters, me and my mixed-up dreams.Reading in bed seems to run in families.The last time my mother babysat for me, I got home to find the house dark except for two small lights.One came from my son's room, where I discovered the eight-year-old holed up under the covers with Goosebumps and a flashlight.At the other end of the house, my mother had already dozed off with her book.Somewhere in the middle is me, a grown-up version of the girl who used to camp out under covers with Nancy Drew, a foreshadowing of a baby-sitting grandma whose sons will come home to find Mom snoozing contentedly beneath her paperback.Instead of arranging my books into traditional categories--fiction and nonfiction, novels and short stories, self-improvement and pleasure--I divide my bedside reading into books that put you to sleep and those that keep you up.Both have their place.Just last night I picked up a slender but densely written volume of literary criticism for the knockout punch I knew it would deliver.At the other end of the spectrum are the suspense heavy plots that keep you turning pages into the single-digit hours--crime novels, love stories, comedies of manners, narrators so charming you cannot bear to quit them, worlds so richly drawn you cannot bear to leave.(293 words)

第二篇:英译汉翻译技巧

英译汉翻译技巧

王 瑛

英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。

一、翻译技巧一

一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。

(一)重点分析句子结构

其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和

一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1.to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语

Miss Jones is a manager.琼斯小姐是位经理。

2.to do句型: 主语 + do +(宾语)+(状语)He teaches English in this school.他在这所学校教英语。

3.there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语

There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills.山中有美丽的野花。

(二)确定语法现象和惯用结构

英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如:

 Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important.昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) You could have done better if you had been more careful.要是细心一点的话,你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) Hardly had I said that when she entered the room.我刚说完,她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前) It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其余成分) The books were either works on travel or detective novels.这些书要么是关于旅行的, 要么就是侦探小说。(连接词either„ or„连接两个表语)(三)熟悉固定搭配词组和习惯用法

英译汉考题中还常常会设计一个关键的考点 – 固定搭配的词组和习惯表达法, 旨在考查考生对词汇的掌握和运用情况。考生在理解这些习惯用语时会感到很困难, 这是因为单从组成某个习惯用语的词的字面意思上来理解其含义, 往往会出偏差, 必将影响到对整个句子的理解。例如:

 They came up with a cure for the disease at last.他们最终发现了治疗这种疾病的方法(短语动词,意为“提出;发现”)

 The news got around by word of mouth.这一消息通过人们的口传播开来。(介词短语,意为“口头流传”)

 It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.从长远的观点来看, 用真皮更便宜。(介词短语,意为“从长远的观点来看”)

 I’ll tell them the truth, regardless of what they want to hear.不管他们愿不愿意听, 我要告诉他们真相。(形容词短语,意为 “不管...”)

 Punishment had very little effect on him.惩罚对他没有什么效果。(名词短语,意为“对„起作用”)

(四)熟练掌握过渡连接词

过渡连接词是使上下文的连接自然、紧凑的有效方法,使文章整体具有结构上的粘着性和意义上的连贯性。因此,熟练掌握过渡连接词能充分把握住原文的意图和出题思路。过渡连接词按语义划分为以下最常见的几种类型

表示增补: and , also , besides , what’s more , in addition , furthermore „

表示因果: for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, hence „

表示转折: however, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact „

表示列举: firstly, secondly, for one thing„for another, to begin with, then, last „

表示解释: for example, for instance, that is, namely „ 表示总结: in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole „

例如:

 The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.这铁路联接两个城市, 即纽约和芝加哥。(表示解释) She was very tired, nevertheless, she kept on working.她虽然很疲倦, 然而她却继续工作。(表示转折) He said that he could not find it and, furthermore, that nobody would ever find it.他说他找不到它, 而且也没有人会找到它。(表示增补) He was ill, and therefore could not come.(表示结果)他病了, 所以未能来。

二、翻译技巧二

每一种语言,在词意的运用,语句的铺排、句子的结构方面,都有其独特的方式,而每一词每一字所承载的文化信息亦各不相同。因此, 英译汉的表达方式总体上可以分成两大类:

(一)直译法:

一般来说, 在语言条件许可的情况下, 应该尽可能地用直译, 使译文既能保持原文的内容, 又能保持原文的形式和风格。例如:

o All roads lead to Roma.条条大路通罗马。

o The soldier was as brave as a lion.那个士兵像狮子一样勇敢。

o My brother is like a duck to water in the new job.我哥哥在新的工作岗位上如鱼得水。

o It is he who has consistently offered fuel in snowy weather but never added flowers to embroidery.他这个人一向对人是雪中送炭,从来不是锦上添花。

(二)意译法: 为使译文得到和原文基本相同的文化信息,当翻译中遇到两种文化有差异,用直译无法使译文传达准确的信息时,就要在母语中寻找与其对应的表达方式,利用各种必要的转换手段进行意译。例如:  He is down and out as if/though he lived a dog’s life.他穷困, 潦倒,好像过着牛马一样的生活。(转译法-a dog’s life转换词义)

 He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.他在回答采访者问题时, 很有礼貌。(省略法–behaved 一词不译出) He is a stranger to the company’s business.他对于该公司的经营业务是陌生的。(转换法–stranger 名词转换成形容词) All preparation must be done before you do experiments.在做试验之前, 一切准备工作都必须做好。(增加法-preparation增加“工作”)

 Each country has its own customs.各国有各国的风俗.(重复法-Each country重复使用“各国”)

第三篇:英译汉翻译心得

英译汉翻译如是说

文/章袆 来源:杭州新东方学校网站

韩素音青年翻译奖是我国翻译工作者协会和《中国翻译》编辑部共同创办并以已故英籍华裔女作家韩素音女士命名的全国性翻译奖项,此项翻译竞赛,是目前中国翻译界组织时间最长、规模最大、影响最广、规格最高的翻译大赛。“韩素音青年翻译奖”是专为中国青年人设立,为中国翻译界最高奖项。章袆,华中理工大学英语专业在读学生,上海新东方新概念部教师。在翻译方面颇有造诣,2005年11月荣获第十七届全国“韩素音青年翻译大赛”英译汉单元中的二等奖(一等奖空缺);汉译英单元中的优秀奖。曾多次获得国家级、上海市各项英语竞赛奖项。我们在本期杂志中的“名人名篇”栏目中为读者献上了章袆在“韩素音青年翻译大赛”中的获奖作品节选,敬请关注。

我从正式开始学习翻译到现在,不过两年时间。作为一个年轻的翻译爱好者,我对翻译这门让人时而绝望时而又充满希望的艺术,有着自己最真实的经历与感悟。在此想借本文与所有翻译新手共勉。

关于英汉互译的研究著作可谓汗牛充栋,各种派别观点层出不穷,让后来者眼花缭乱,却又无从选择。其实从英译汉的角度来说,究其本质,过程无非就两个步骤:

1、准确理解英文原文;

2、用地道的中文表达原文的含义。

如何准确理解英文原文

我们先来谈谈第一个步骤,如何准确理解英文原文——这一点说白了就是考验译者的阅读理解能力。如果说在阅读中遇到不认识的单词或词组,译者尚且能够通过查阅字典的方式解决的话,那么英语中繁复多样的句式往往就不是一本字典可以打发的了。尤其在阅读文学性较强的英语作品时,作者行云流水般的笔触通常都是借助丰富多变的句型来表现的。这些英语作品与我们日常教科书本中选取的文章相比,往往来得更为艰深难懂。怎么办?惟一的办法就是从头做起:

1、确保自己在学校中或是培训班上接触到的一切阅读材料都能够完全透彻地理解。

千万不要小瞧学校老师为你选择的阅读教材,或许它们所触及的话题不是非常新鲜前卫,或许它们涵盖的内容与你的兴趣爱好相悖。但是,它们却能在不经意间为你打下阅读基础的坚实栋梁。

2、在学有余力的基础上,可以选择一些英语课外读物来扩充自己的阅读量。

对具体英语读物的选择其实还是有些讲究的。比如,有些学生对文学类作品很感兴趣,但并不意味着他们在一开始就该选择那些厚得像砖块一样的原版名著来阅读,因为这样做无异于“自杀”。究其原因,仅其中的生词就足以使阅读者信心全无。那么,那些有中英文对照的版本是否能称为上佳之选呢?答案依然为否。因为这极易激发读者的惰性,尤其对阅读量有限的读者来说更是如此。

对此我的建议是,选择那些名著的缩写本,并且是配有详细注释的版本。在阅读过程中,读者往往很难定位陌生的词组或表达。比如说有这样一句话:He said that I was way out of that girl’s league.初次见到这个表达的人可能以为只要查到league的中文意思问题就解决了,他们无法立刻意识到,A be out of B’s league是一个完整的词组表达式,其含义是:A君配不上B君;而句中的way一词,也不是我们以前学过的“道路”或者“方式、方法”的意思,而应解释为“远远地”或是“过于”。所以,全句的正确理解应为:他说我压根儿就配不上那个女孩子。如果读者选择读物的时候能够找到有类似这样配以注释的版本,阅读起来就既不会因为生词过多而灰心,同时又能够逐渐培养定位词组的语感了。

3、将新鲜或新学的词组记录在笔记本上,并连同该词组出现的句子一起写下,以供随时重温。

有时候,仅写下词组对我们的记忆来说是一项很大的挑战,因为我们可能很快就会忘记其含义。即使当初在一旁写下了中文意思,时间一长就会忘记应如何使用它了。这时如果为该词组提供背景环境,不但能够加深我们对它的记忆,也可以为日后模仿成句提供现成例子。

对英语原文的准确理解是英译汉的第一步。形象说来,这一步就像是“踩点”,一定要踩得准、踩得到位,只有这样才能为下一步转换成中文打好基础。

如何使行文变得“地道”

英译汉的第二步是用地道的中文表达原文的含义。这对译者的中文功底是一个十足的考验。这里的“地道”指的是,译文不会让人感觉到有英语原文的痕迹,就好像它原来就是一篇中文作品一样。

很多时候,译者对原文的理解没有问题,但是要将这粗糙、原始、零碎的理解升华为通顺、精致、具整体性的另一种语言,并用符合该语言习惯用法的表达转述出来,往往就不是那么容易了。尤其当原文是以精确简约著称的英语,而目标语言是惯于华美繁复的汉语时,我们往往就得花费更多的工夫去打磨译文,才能弥合两种语言之间的沟壑。那么我们如何培养出这种“地道”的翻译呢?

再拿前文提到过的一个句子为例:He said that I was way out of that girl’s league.句中way一词若单独解释,则可以理解为“过于”或“远远地”等含义,但是如果直接放置到句中,其译文则成为:他说我过于配不上那个女孩子;他说我远远配不上那个女孩子;与我们给出的译文“他说我压根儿就配不上那个女孩子”相比,“过于”和“远远”显然都不如“压根儿”来得地道,虽然从本质上讲,这三个词的含义都很相近。你一定想问:我怎么就想不到“压根儿”这个词呢?那是因为你没有成功进行角色的变换。

什么叫做角色的变换?

当我们做到上文所讲的第一步“准确理解英文原文的含义”后,我们的思维会在不经意间嵌入英文语言的模式。这时,只有成功脱离该模式,进入换位思考的状态,才有可能在最大程度上激活自身的汉语表达能力。面对这种情况,我们应该将原文的含义提取出来,暂存在大脑中,想想作为一个中国人,他会怎样来表达这层意思;或者回想自己有没有亲历过类似的情况,自己当时又是如何表达的呢?如此这般,较为地道的用语就能信手拈来了。

又如这么一个句子:But the same advantage would apply to all species, and yet we alone compose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into statues, map time and space.原文理解起来并不困难,但若跳不出英语的思维模式、不考虑中文惯用表达、逐字翻译,其结果就是:但是同样的优势将会出现在所有的物种身上,然而惟独我们谱写出交响曲和字谜游戏,将石头刻成雕像,划分时间和空间。

这样的翻译不能说有错,但是中文的美感全无。翻译界前辈总结的“信达雅”是以信达为基础,以雅为目标的三步翻译标准,其中最难把握的也就是这第三步“雅”的境界。下面我们来具体分析一下这个句子的各个部分。

首先要注意的词是第一个分句中的would,这个词可不是随便用的,它除了在过去将来时中会出现以外,还会出现在虚拟语气里。在此我们可大致判断,第一个分句其实是一个省略虚拟句式,即省略的非真实条件句,而被省略的部分就是该非真实条件复合句中的条件部分,而我们看到的只是结果部分。所以有必要将条件部分还原为:如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力,那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。

第二个小分句and yet we alone compose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into statues, map time and space中,值得注意的地方可不少:

(1)整个句子的结构:and yet we alone如同一个统领的标志,后面的compose„, carve„, map„分别是其下的三个并列动宾词组。如何翻译此类句子?

在这里我们可以采用类似数学中合并同类项的做法——将and yet we alone先提取出来总述,然后将后面的三个动宾词组作为分述,译文为:然而,惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头:我们谱写交响曲„„

(2)动词compose后面跟的两个宾语symphonies和crossword puzzles该如何处理?虽然原文里只用了一个动词,但是在中文里面却很难找到这样一个动词能够同时搭配交响曲和字谜游戏,所以在翻译过程中,应将一个compose拆分为两个中文动词,与两个宾语分别搭配,译文为:我们谱写交响曲,创造字谜游戏;

(3)那么carve stone into statues, map time and space这两个动宾结构又该如何处理呢?在这里可以延续前面的主语“我们”: 我们谱写交响曲,创造字谜游戏,刻石头成雕像,划分时间空间,但是,这样的译本就看似平淡,没有层次感。如果我们根据意群对该分句进行二度划分,就能把划分符放在carve之前,将后两个动宾词组合为一组,与前文分开。同时,采用主宾对换的方式使得句式结构富于变换,即不再使用“我们”作为动宾结构的主语,而是让原本处于宾语地位的stone和time and space翻身作主人,这一切变换措施只需要借助一个小小的地点状语即可实现:在我们的手中,顽石诞生为雕像,时空归依为坐标。全句翻译如下:如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力,那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。然而,惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头:我们谱写交响曲,创造字谜游戏;在我们的手中,顽石诞生为雕像,时空归依为坐标。这样一来,整句中的小结构里又透出工整对仗之意,大结构上又十分富有层次感,也不失变化;读来全无英文的痕迹,而又忠于原文,这才是令人颇为满意的好译文。

综上所述,翻译两部曲中的第二步是“成品”的关键所在。译者在此既要有跳出原文束缚的能力,又不能一蹦三丈远——完全脱离原文内容实质、凭空创造;也就是说,译者还得有将译文“靠”回原文的本领。翻译之路如此漫漫,大家还需不断“上下而求索”,希望我的这篇文章能够在此给大家“抛砖引玉”。

第四篇:英译汉-文体翻译新闻

第六单元文体翻译

第一节新闻报道

一、新闻翻译的特点

1、翻译讲求实效

2、可以适当增减

翻译:遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。

编译:紧扣原作主题思想,从原作选取最有价值的内容,遵循篇章构建的一般规律,基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文,再按照翻译的一般原则,将其译成目的语的过程。(王涛 2004)

摘译:摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。(俞建村 2001)(注意:必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。)

参见教材第十章 ―翻译的类型‖ p135.3、符合写作要求

(1)手法:

以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。

(2)结构:

 编年史法(chronological method):

依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。

 新闻导语法(news lead method):

依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。

(3)语言:

 具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。

4、内容力求准确

二、新闻的翻译

标题的翻译

电头的翻译

导语的翻译

正文的翻译

了解背景知识

例:

US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site

WASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the ―no-fly‖ zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday.But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has ―locked on‖ to the plane on Saturday.A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia.It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged.The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way.Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地

华盛顿电:五角大楼昨日宣称:一架美空军F-16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后,向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。

但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称:星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已―锁定‖了这架飞机。

五角大楼的一位发言人说,该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地,伊雷

达站是否被摧毁尚无法立刻得知。该发言人在这次打击行动发生18小时后证实了此事,并说正在进行调查。伊拉克却否认有此事件发生。

1、标题的翻译

特点:

简明扼要,立意新颖,生动醒目而又不拘一格。

例:Boy, 7, killed by ejection from cockpit of navy jet

PLO says big Israeli drive ahead

Irish demo clash

START announced to begin June 29

(1)缩略词语

 缩写词

例1:NPC

CPPCC

OPEC

UNESCO

例2: VIP

CEO

PM

MP

例3: PC

UFO

TB

DJI

缩略词主要包括机构名称、人物或职位名称和日常熟知的事物。

简缩词

例1:copter

flu

lib

telly

biz

例2:ecopolitics

Reaganomics

例3:Brez

Maggie

(2)简短表达

例1:Cops under fire

Population shock

Starvation

例2:the 43-year Arab-Israeli conflict

the President’s cease-fire announcement

farm product

例3.Nuke protestors

Police killer’s jail death not unexpected

(3)―时髦‖新词

例:moon walk

earth rise

capitalese

containerization

catch

feed

machine

shuttle diplomacy

a ―yesable‖ proposition

(4)省略现象

例1:Patient loses heart, gets 3rd

例2:Bankers keep silent as dollar falls

例3:Economists told China’s program unchanged

例4:Anne and baby are well

(5)时态

例1:Mount.St.Helens erupts

Non-aligned body makes new effort

例2:Thatcher tells why she fired minister

Nehru backed Tibet uprising—rebel chief

例3:Opposition to Viet invasion force growing

India mending fences

例4:Australia to import diesels from China

Pope to visit Japan in February2、电头

电头,又叫做“消息头”。指电讯稿件播发的新闻单位、地点、时间的说明,也有只说明新闻单位和时间。稿件用¡°电报电传电话¡±等方式发往外地称“电”,发给当地的称“讯”。新闻通讯社的稿件常常以“××社××地×月×日电”作为电头。“本报讯”“本台讯”则是为了表明这篇稿件是自己的记者或者通讯员的作品,如果是外埠采访也必须注明发稿的地点时间,可以写成本台××地×月×日专电。

熟悉主要通讯社和媒体的名称、简称等。

例:AP

UPI

Reuters

AFP

Xinhua

Chinanews

Kyodo

Efe3、导语

新闻导语——是就以简要的文句,突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实,提示新闻要旨,吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。

翻译导语时要使用清晰、简洁、生动的词语突出主要信息。

例1.Beijng, August 19(Reuter)–Thepresident’s visit has turned a new page in relation between the two countries,mass media here say.译:路透社北京8月19日电,此间新闻界认为,总统此次来访为两国关系揭开了新的一页。例2.London, Oct 20(Reuter via Xinhua)—London market closed mixed on profit taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading, it was announced herel.译:新华社转引路透社10月20日电,此间人士称,伦敦股市开市时股价上扬,交易相当活跃。由于一些持股者获利后抛盘,收盘时有涨有跌。

4、正文

(1)形象化、口语化词汇

例1: Pioneer colleges face axe

Chun axes 37 judges in shake-up

British students knifed in France

China says ―yes‖ to talks with Moscow

(2)抽象化词汇

例1: Penal experts say studies have shown that imprisonment is not a deterrent to crime.例2:The mechanics of this indoctrination are familiar to everyone—the Pledge of Allegiance, the National Anthem, the Solute to the Flag.例3:A lot of Diana’s appeal comes from her stunning physical presence.例4:Alternatives are available at every stage of the judicial process from arrest to sentencing.(3)词语借代

例:French election results annoy Moscow

Talks on Africa at No.10

$227 billion tax on crude oil is cleared by Hill

(4)结构松散

例1:Mr.Carter said that the Soviet leader’s response to the message, sent on Friday, had been inadequate.译文:卡特先生说,苏联领导人对(美国)星期五发出的电报的回复,不足以说明问题。

例2:The announcement on the failure of the mission, which apparently originated in Egypt, come form the White House spokesman Jody Powell expressed deep regret at the deaths of the American Forces involved.译文:白宫发言人佐迪·鲍威尔宣布拯救行动失败,对参加此役的美国部队的死亡事故深表遗憾;而这次拯救行动显然是从埃及出发的。

练习

Kan inspects quake-hit region

Prime Minister Naoto Kan has visited an emergency-stricken nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture and inspected the quake-hit Pacific coast, northeastern Japan.Kan left Tokyo on a Self-Defense Force helicopter on Saturday morning for the Fukushima No.1 nuclear plant.The head of the plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, briefed the prime minister on the current status of the plant and responses to the situation.Kan instructed the plant chief to place top priority on the safety of local residents and take proper and swift responses.Later by helicopter, Kan inspected the quake-battered coastal areas, including the cities of Sendai and Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture.He watched a blazing industrial complex and residential districts devastated by tsunami waves.On returning to his official residence in Tokyo, the prime minister told reporters that he felt the damage wrought by the tsunamis is very serious.参考译文

菅直人今早视察灾区

日本首相菅直人亲自前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的福岛第一核电站,同时还视察了东北部沿海的地震灾区。

今天(周六)早晨,菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机出发前往东京电力公司福岛第一核电站视察。

核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明,在听取汇报之后,菅直人首相表示,要以周围居民的安危为重,希望尽快落实应对措施。

随后,菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区,亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的工业园区,以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱,积水不退的居民住宅等。

菅直人首相返回首相官邸后,对记者们表示,他亲身体会到了海啸灾情十分严重。

中文报道

菅直人今早视察灾区

日本首相菅直人今天(12日)亲自要求视察灾区。早上6点,菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机从首相官邸出发,前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的东京电力福岛第一核电站视察。

核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明,在听取汇报之后,菅直人首相表示,要以周围居民的安危为重,希望尽快落实应对措施。

此后,菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区,亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的集装箱,以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱,积水不退的居民住宅等。

菅直人首相上午11点前返回首相官邸,他表情严肃地对记者们说,他亲身体会到了海啸灾情十分严重。

第五篇:大一英译汉翻译考试

英译汉

1.2.I wanted nothing more than to find my way safely to my dorm room 我只是想顺顺当当地找到自己宿舍的路No matter how mature I liked to consider myself , I was feeling just a bit first gradish 无论我自己以为有多么成熟,我依旧感觉像一

年级新生似的3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.And that’s when I realized I had been taking myself for too seriously 这时我才意识到之前自己太天真了 Your mother want’s flowers,she can plant them here,where there’slot’s of sun你妈妈喜欢花,这儿阳光充足,她可以在这栽些花 I was learning what it meant to have a father 我也开始体会到有一个父亲意味着什么 Soon after we moved to the suburbs,one of our new neighbors introduced herself to me在我们搬进郊区不久后,一位新邻居向我们自报家门 I never believed I would do that well and probably wouldn’thave if it had not been for profressorFine’sencouragement我从未想过能做的那样出色,要不是费恩教授的鼓励,我也根本不可能获得这样好的成绩 Despite what the profressor had said, it was hard work and took concentration and occasional help from friends尽管有教授的许诺,整个过程还是非常辛苦,需要专注,偶尔还要求助于同学 It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine知道会得到你想要的药会让你感觉好些 It is as if there was a doctor in each of us这就好像我们身体里有个医生 The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor 这种治疗的成功似乎在很大

程度上取决于病人与医生之间的关系

17.18.19.He had read the entire World Book Encyclopedia by the age of nine他就随时就读完了《世界百科全书》 Operators were required to learn complex computer languages before the machines world be used 操作者在使用机器之前必须先学

会复杂的计算机语言

汉译英

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.他只不过是想帮帮她 He wanted nothing more than to help her无论我怎么努力,都不能改变他的注意 No matter how hard I tried ,I wouldn’t change his mind别把这次失败太当回事,你以后还会有机会的 Don’t take the failure too seriously and you’ll have other chance later 你可以把车停在这里,因为这儿有停车标志 You can park your car here,where’s a parking sign她现在还不明白做一个母亲意味着什么 She still doesn’t understand what it meant to be a mother年轻人走进办公室后,就向大家做了自我介绍 After he entered the office, the young man introduced himself to others 假如没有你的帮助,我是不可能及时赶上火车的 Had it not been for your help,I wouldn’t have caught the train on time不管妻子怎么说,他任然工作到深夜 Despite what his wife said, he still work till late into night 听到要加薪,这使他工作努力 It made him work harder to hear he would get arise in salary 这就好像你坐在一架正在起飞的飞机里 It is as ifyou were sitting in a airplane that is taking off这部戏的成功取决于我们每个人的表演 The success of play rest with the performance of all of us到去年年底我们已经学完了整本英语书 We had studied the entire English book by the end of last year近战之前所有的乘客都必须出示车票All passengers are required to show their tickets before entering the railway station

下载复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1-6word格式文档
下载复旦名教授英译汉翻译讲义1-6.doc
将本文档下载到自己电脑,方便修改和收藏,请勿使用迅雷等下载。
点此处下载文档

文档为doc格式


声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献自行上传,本网站不拥有所有权,未作人工编辑处理,也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现有涉嫌版权的内容,欢迎发送邮件至:645879355@qq.com 进行举报,并提供相关证据,工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你,一经查实,本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。

相关范文推荐

    经典英译汉文章翻译赏析

    英译汉文章翻译赏析 时间:2009年06月01日 【英译中选段六】原文(by Robert Frost) The Gift Outright The land was once ours before we were the land’s. She was our land......

    英译汉-文体翻译(7)演讲

    第六单元文体翻译 第五节演讲稿 一、讲演稿 演讲稿也叫演说辞,它是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场所发表的讲话文稿。演讲稿是进行演讲的依据,是对演讲内容和形式的规范和提......

    《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习(11)

    《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习(11) 参考答案 早春的一个晴天,大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日衣服的小孩子正在街上玩球。这时简易公寓的窗户大多打开了。刚刮过脸的男人穿着汗......

    名词性从句讲义[范文模版]

    1.名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在......

    电影名翻译

    从读者同等反应论来看电影片名的翻译 【摘要】本文对奈达的读者同等反应论进行了分析,并通过实例证明读者同等反应论对电影片名翻译具有切实可行的指导意义。文章首先探讨了......

    四级翻译讲义

    1 大学英语四级翻译讲义 英语翻译三步曲 第一:找主干 第二:定时态 第三:加修饰 第一、 找主干 什么是句子的主干?――主要成份 第二、定时态 如何确定时态?找信号词 A一般现在时......

    杨玉良 复旦大学校长、教授

    杨玉良 复旦大学校长、教授 ---大学不能没有"精神围墙" 核心观点 大学要在“坚守”和“创造”之间维持一种张力。一味保守而偏至复古固然不行,但忘记传统而完全流俗,也就是放......

    英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换

    第三单元 词汇翻译 第二节词类转换 一、转译为动词 1、带有动作意味的名词 例1. Television is transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.......