第一篇:中考英语语法讲解资料及练第13讲:句子的种类(二)
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习
第13讲:句子的种类(二)
本讲主要讲一下感叹句,祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句.感叹句注意事项:
感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了.感叹句用法很简单, How和What放句前, How与形、副词类连, What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.当然,what 感叹句和how 感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时,如果这一名词有形容词修饰,也可用how引导感叹句,但不定冠词a或an 需放在形容词之后。如:What a large factory = How large a factory it is!
祈使句: 祈使句所需注意的是:含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don't.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用 Let+not+动词原形或 Don't let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。
下面稍微提一下常考的强调句:我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住:强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 “who”,其余用“that”.句式是:It is(was)被强调部分+that(who)+ 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句,只需看去掉It be… that是否还是一个完整的句子。
看下面例题:
It is twenty years ___ Miss Feng returned to China.A.that B.when C.since D.as
答案C.本题易误选为A(that).其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It is...that”,只剩下ten years Miss Feng returned to China.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
句子的种类你掌握的如何?何不试试趁热打铁?
练习:
1.It was yesterday _______ Xiao Ming finished all his homework.A.that
B.when
C.where
D.at
2.You are not in Grade Two, ________you?
A.aren't
B.are
C.do
D.don't
3.She has never read the book before, _______?
A.has she
B.hasn't she
C.is she
D.isn't she
4.--I want to shopping this afternoon.What about you?
___________.A.So did I
B.So I did
C.So I do
D.So do I
5.It's time for supper now.Let's ______ it.A.stop to have it
B.stop having
C.to stop to have
D.stopping to have 6._______ lovely she smiles!
A.How
B.How a
C.What
D.What a
7.Thank you for _____ me with my English.A.help
B.helped
C.helping
D.helps
8.--Would you please _______ the shoes on the floor?
--I'm sorry.I won't do it again.A.not throw
B.don't throw
C.not to throw
D.didn't throw
9.Lily has not visited many places of great interests in China.________.A.So has her twin sister
B.Neither is her twin sister
C.So her twin sister
D.Neither has her twin sister
10.Don't _______ books again!You must be careful _______ now on.A.lost, from
B.lose, from
C.lost, since
D.lose, since
实践:
1.When I entered the room, I saw the little boy _______ in the corner.A.to stand
B.stands
C.stood
D.standing
2.It is a great shame for me _______ in front of so many people.A.to laugh at
B.to laughing at
C.to be laughed at
D.to have laughed at
3.He dares to climb that tall tree, ________ he?
A.doesn't
B.daren't
C.hasn't
D.isn't
4.Please ______ anything you can remember about the accident.A.fill in
B.draw out
C.write in
D.put down
5.-Will the clouds lift in the afternoon?--_______.A.I hope so
B.I hope it
C.I hope that
D.I hope such
6.We had to stay at home ______ the heavy rain.A.as
B.since
C.because of
D.because
7.They will visit our school ______ next week.A.sometimes
B.some time
C.some times
D.sometimes
8.Although he tried hard, he was ______ maths.A.good at
B.doing well in
C.weak in
D.interested in
9.The stars ______ in the daytime.A.can't see
B.can't be seen
C.can be seen
D.see
10.This kind of cars _______ in Shanghai.A.is made
B.are made
C.are making
D.is making
11.Mr Black's just come back from the England, _______ he?
A.isn't
B.doesn't
C.hasn't
D.is
12._______ ten years since I left my hometown.A.They
B.It is
C.There have been
D.It was
13.Is this ________ looking for?
A.you were
B.that you were
C.what were you
D.what you were
14.The Blacks _______ go to the seaside to have their holidays, but now they no longer go there.A.were used to
B.used to
C.usually
D.seldom
15.Don't hurry.Only one person can enter the room________.A.at a time
B.in no time
C.in time
D.on time
第二篇:高中英语语法句子的种类讲解
高中英语语法句子的种类讲解
高中英语句子种类 按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,句子按其结构可以分为简单句
并列句和复合句,本为将为你讲解这些知识,希望大家支持本站,你有什么好的文章请发布到本站
(一)按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:
Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)
The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a.一般疑问句(General Questions):
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
b.特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions):
Where do you live? 你住那儿?
c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?
3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如:
Don't be nervous!别紧张!
4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如:
She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。
2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:
The food was good, but he had little appetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导。例如:
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主 + 动(SV)例如:I work.我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:John is busy.约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English.她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
第三篇:2013年中考英语冲刺课题专练:第4讲 副词
中考冲刺英语课题专练
than she does.(他比她跑得远。)在美语中,farther 表示距离,further表示进一步。如: I have nothing further to say.(我没什么要说的了。)
至于副词的比较级和最高级问题,参照形容词的就OK了。
试试趁热打铁如何?
练习:
1.The teacher was very angry and decided to send ______school, so he wasn't a student any longer.A.away him from
B.him away from the
C.away him out of
D.him away from
2._______, he didn't fail in the English exam.A.Luck
B.Lucky
C.Luckily
D.Luckly
3.-Are you feeling ____?
-Yes,I'm fine now.A.any well
B.any better
C.quite good
D.quite better
4.The more we looked at the picture, _________.A.the less we liked it
B.we like it less
C.better we like it
D.it looked better
5.After the new machine was introduced,the factory produced ___ shoes in 1988 as the year
before.A.as twice many
B.as many twice
C.twice as many
D.twice many as
6.Our English needs to be______improved.A.farther
B.farthest
C.further
D.far
7.What a pity!Lucy ran _______ more slowly than Lily.A.a few
B.much
C.a little
D.little
8.He is running _______now.A.more slowly and more slowly
B.slowlier and slowlier
C.more and more slowly
D.slowly and slowly
9.Last night my father went back _________later than before.A.quite
B.very
C.even
D.much more
10.The sick man was too thin to go any _______.A.far
B.farther
C.further
D.farthest
实战:
1.The answer is nice and soft.Shall I ______the shopkeeper if I can try it on?
A.ask
B.answer
C.speak
D.tell
2.Tickets, please.May I ______your ticket please, madam?
A.show
B.watch
C.find
D.see
3.It's not good to ______when you are waiting for a bus.A.stand in line
B.get on well
C.jump the queue
D.wait for your turn
4.It's hard to count the monkeys, they're running and jumping__________.A.at times
B.all the time
C.more or less
D.right away
5.I'm sorry, we've _______the shoes in your size.A.paid for
B.put on
C.sold out
D.put away
6.Weihua's pen was________, so she needed a new one.A.broken
B.long
C.cheap
D.here
7.You can often buy things from their shop _______home.A.of the way
B.by the way
C.another way of
D.on your way
8.The teacher in the school library is very________.You must return your library book on time!
A.kind
B.lonely
C.strict
D.polite
9.Thanks to man-make satellite, the world itself is becoming a much smaller_____.A.space
B.place
C.room
D.universe
10.I like the sweater, but it ________too much.A.uses
B.takes
C.costs
D.spends
11.Father Christmas lands on top of _______house and climbs down the chimney into the fire-place.A.each
B.all
C.either
D.both
12.The ice is very thin.It's _______dangerous _____walk on it.A.so, that
B.as, as
C.from, to
D.too, to
13.One day his mother was ill.She ______a doctor.A.sent for
B.sent away
C.sent up
D.fell behind
14.He _______the radio and listened to the music.A.opened
B.turned on
C.turned off
D.closed
15.The doctor _______Mrs Brown very carefully and then said: “ There's nothing much wrong with you.”
A.watched
B.operated
C.looked over
D.looked after
第四篇:2018中考数学专题突破导学练第21讲多边形与平行四边形试题
第21讲 多边形与平行四边形
【知识梳理】
1.多边形:在平面内,由一些线段首尾顺次相接组成的图形叫做多边形。2.多边形的内角:多边形相邻两边组成的角叫做它的内角。
3.多边形的外角:多边形的一边与它的邻边的延长线组成的角叫做多边形的外角。4.多边形的对角线:连接多边形不相邻的两个顶点的线段,叫做多边形的对角线。5.正多边形:在平面内,各个角都相等,各条边都相等的多边形叫做正多边形。
6.平面镶嵌:用一些不重叠摆放的多边形把平面的一部分完全覆盖,叫做用多边形覆盖平面,或叫平面镶嵌。
7.平行四边形定义: 有两组对边分别平行的四边形叫做平行四边形。8.平行四边形的性质:(1)平行四边形的对边相等;
(2)平行四边形的对角相等。(3)平行四边形的对角线互相平分。
9.平行四边形的判定:(1)两组对边分别相等的四边形是平行四边形
(2)对角线互相平分的四边形是平行四边形;
(3)两组对角分别相等的四边形是平行四边形;(4)一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形。10.平行线间距离:
两条平行线中,一条直线上的任意一点到另一条直线的距离,叫做这两条平行线间距离,两条平行线间距离处处相等
11.三角形的中位线平行于三角形的第三边,且等于第三边的一半。【考点解析】
考点一:多边形的内角和与外角和
【例1】(2017湖北宜昌)如图,将一张四边形纸片沿直线剪开,如果剪开后的两个图形的内角和相等,下列四种剪法中,符合要求的是()
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④ 【考点】L3:多边形内角与外角.
【分析】根据多边形的内角和定理即可判断.
【解答】解:∵①剪开后的两个图形是四边形,它们的内角和都是360°,③剪开后的两个图形是三角形,它们的内角和都是180°; ∴①③剪开后的两个图形的内角和相等,故选B.
考点
二、平行四边形的性质
【例2】(2017.四川眉山)如图,EF过▱ABCD对角线的交点O,交AD于E,交BC于F,若▱ABCD的周长为18,OE=1.5,则四边形EFCD的周长为()
A.14 B.13 C.12 D.10 【考点】L5:平行四边形的性质.
【分析】先利用平行四边形的性质求出AB=CD,BC=AD,AD+CD=9,可利用全等的性质得到△AEO≌△CFO,求出OE=OF=3,即可求出四边形的周长. 【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,周长为18,∴AB=CD,BC=AD,OA=OC,AD∥BC,∴CD+AD=9,∠OAE=∠OCF,在△AEO和△CFO中,∴△AEO≌△CFO(ASA),∴OE=OF=1.5,AE=CF,则EFCD的周长=ED+CD+CF+EF=(DE+CF)+CD+EF=AD+CD+EF=9+3=12. 故选C.
考点
三、平行四边形的判定
【例3】(2017贵州安顺)如图,DB∥AC,且DB=AC,E是AC的中点,(1)求证:BC=DE;,2(2)连接AD、BE,若要使四边形DBEA是矩形,则给△ABC添加什么条件,为什么?
【考点】LC:矩形的判定;L7:平行四边形的判定与性质.
【分析】(1)要证明BC=DE,只要证四边形BCED是平行四边形.通过给出的已知条件便可.(2)矩形的判定方法有多种,可选择利用“对角线相等的平行四边形为矩形”来解决. 【解答】(1)证明:∵E是AC中点,∴EC=AC. ∵DB=AC,∴DB∥EC. 又∵DB∥EC,∴四边形DBCE是平行四边形. ∴BC=DE.
(2)添加AB=BC.(5分)理由:∵DBAE,∴四边形DBEA是平行四边形. ∵BC=DE,AB=BC,∴AB=DE. ∴▭ADBE是矩形.
【中考热点】
(2017•新疆)如图,点C是AB的中点,AD=CE,CD=BE.(1)求证:△ACD≌△CBE;
(2)连接DE,求证:四边形CBED是平行四边形.
【考点】L6:平行四边形的判定;KD:全等三角形的判定与性质. 【分析】(1)由SSS证明证明△ADC≌△CEB即可;
(2)由全等三角形的性质得出得到∠ACD=∠CBE,证出CD∥BE,即可得出结论. 【解答】(1)证明:∵点C是AB的中点,∴AC=BC;在△ADC与△CEB中,∴△ADC≌△CEB(SSS),(2)证明:连接DE,如图所示: ∵△ADC≌△CEB,∴∠ACD=∠CBE,∴CD∥BE,又∵CD=BE,∴四边形CBED是平行四边形.,【点评】该题主要考查了平行四边形的判定、平行线的判定、全等三角形的判定与性质;熟练掌握平行四边形的判定,证明三角形全等是解决问题的关键. 【达标检测】
一、选择题:
1.小敏不慎将一块平行四边形玻璃打碎成如图的四块,为了能在商店配到一块与原来相同的平行四边形玻璃,他带了两块碎玻璃,其编号应该是()
A.①,② B.①,④ C.③,④ D.②,③ 【考点】平行四边形的判定.
【分析】确定有关平行四边形,关键是确定平行四边形的四个顶点,由此即可解决问题. 【解答】解:∵只有②③两块角的两边互相平行,角的两边的延长线的交点就是平行四边形的顶点,∴带②③两块碎玻璃,就可以确定平行四边形的大小. 故选D.
2.如图,在▱ABCD中,BF平分∠ABC,交AD于点F,CE平分∠BCD,交AD于点E,AB=6,EF=2,则BC长为()
A.8B.10C.12D.14 【考点】平行四边形的性质.
【分析】由平行四边形的性质和角平分线得出∠ABF=∠AFB,得出AF=AB=6,同理可证DE=DC=6,再由EF的长,即可求出BC的长. 【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AD∥BC,DC=AB=6,AD=BC,∴∠AFB=∠FBC,∵BF平分∠ABC,∴∠ABF=∠FBC,则∠ABF=∠AFB,∴AF=AB=6,同理可证:DE=DC=6,∵EF=AF+DE﹣AD=2,即6+6﹣AD=2,解得:AD=10; 故选:B.
3.如图,▱ABCD的对角线AC、BD相交于点O,且AC+BD=16,CD=6,则△ABO的周长是()
A.10 B.14 C.20 D.22 【考点】平行四边形的性质.
【分析】直接利用平行四边形的性质得出AO=CO,BO=DO,DC=AB=6,再利用已知求出AO+BO的长,进而得出答案. 【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AO=CO,BO=DO,DC=AB=6,∵AC+BD=16,∴AO+BO=8,∴△ABO的周长是:14. 故选:B.
二、填空题:
4.(2017青海西宁)如图,将▱ABCD沿EF对折,使点A落在点C处,若∠A=60°,AD=4,AB=8,则AE的长为
.
【考点】PB:翻折变换(折叠问题);L5:平行四边形的性质.
【分析】过点C作CG⊥AB的延长线于点G,易证△D′CF≌△ECB(ASA),从而可知D′F=EB,CF=CE,设AE=x,在△CEG中,利用勾股定理列出方程即可求出x的值. 【解答】解:过点C作CG⊥AB的延长线于点G,在▱ABCD中,∠D=∠EBC,AD=BC,∠A=∠DCB,6 由于▱ABCD沿EF对折,∴∠D′=∠D=∠EBC,∠D′CE=∠A=∠DCB,D′C=AD=BC,∴∠D′CF+∠FCE=∠FCE+∠ECB,∴∠D′CF=∠ECB,在△D′CF与△ECB中,∴△D′CF≌△ECB(ASA)∴D′F=EB,CF=CE,∵DF=D′F,∴DF=EB,AE=CF 设AE=x,则EB=8﹣x,CF=x,∵BC=4,∠CBG=60°,∴BG=BC=2,由勾股定理可知:CG=
2,∴EG=EB+BG=8﹣x+2=10﹣x 在△CEG中,由勾股定理可知:(10﹣x)+(2解得:x=AE=故答案为:
2)=x,22
5.(2017 四川绵阳)如图,将平行四边形ABCO放置在平面直角坐标系xOy中,O为坐标原点,若点A的坐标是(6,0),点C的坐标是(1,4),则点B的坐标是(7,4).
【考点】L5:平行四边形的性质;D5:坐标与图形性质.
【分析】根据平行四边形的性质及A点和C的坐标求出点B的坐标即可.
【解答】解:∵四边形ABCO是平行四边形,O为坐标原点,点A的坐标是(6,0),点C的坐标是(1,4),∴BC=OA=6,6+1=7,∴点B的坐标是(7,4); 故答案为:(7,4).
6.(2017青海西宁)若一个正多边形的一个外角是40°,则这个正多边形的边数是 9 . 【考点】L3:多边形内角与外角.
【分析】利用任意凸多边形的外角和均为360°,正多边形的每个外角相等即可求出答案. 【解答】解:多边形的每个外角相等,且其和为360°,据此可得解得n=9. 故答案为9.
7.(2017.湖南怀化)如图,在▱ABCD中,对角线AC、BD相交于点O,点E是AB的中点,OE=5cm,则AD的长是 10 cm. =40,【考点】L5:平行四边形的性质;KX:三角形中位线定理.
【分析】根据平行四边形的性质,可得出点O平分BD,则OE是三角形ABD的中位线,则AD=2OE,继而求出答案.
【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD为平行四边形,∴BO=DO,8 ∵点E是AB的中点,∴OE为△ABD的中位线,∴AD=2OE,∵OE=5cm,∴AD=10cm. 故答案为:10.
8.(2017山东临沂)在▱ABCD中,对角线AC,BD相交于点O,若AB=4,BD=10,sin∠BDC=,则▱ABCD的面积是 24 .
【分析】作OE⊥CD于E,由平行四边形的性质得出OA=OC,OB=OD=BD=5,CD=AB=4,由sin∠BDC=,证出AC⊥CD,OC=3,AC=2OC=6,得出▱ABCD的面积=CD•AC=24. 【解答】解:作OE⊥CD于E,如图所示: ∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴OA=OC,OB=OD=BD=5,CD=AB=4,∵sin∠BDC=∴OE=3,∴DE=∵CD=4,∴点E与点C重合,∴AC⊥CD,OC=3,∴AC=2OC=6,∴▱ABCD的面积=CD•AC=4×6=24; 故答案为:24. =4,=,【点评】本题考查了平行四边形的性质、三角函数、勾股定理等知识;熟练掌握平行四边形的性质,得出AC⊥CD是关键
三、解答题
9.(2017•新疆)如图,点C是AB的中点,AD=CE,CD=BE.(1)求证:△ACD≌△CBE;
(2)连接DE,求证:四边形CBED是平行四边形.
【考点】L6:平行四边形的判定;KD:全等三角形的判定与性质. 【分析】(1)由SSS证明证明△ADC≌△CEB即可;
(2)由全等三角形的性质得出得到∠ACD=∠CBE,证出CD∥BE,即可得出结论. 【解答】(1)证明:∵点C是AB的中点,∴AC=BC;在△ADC与△CEB中,∴△ADC≌△CEB(SSS),(2)证明:连接DE,如图所示: ∵△ADC≌△CEB,∴∠ACD=∠CBE,∴CD∥BE,又∵CD=BE,∴四边形CBED是平行四边形.,【点评】该题主要考查了平行四边形的判定、平行线的判定、全等三角形的判定与性质;熟练掌握平行四边形的判定,证明三角形全等是解决问题的关键.
10.(2017湖北咸宁)如图,点B、E、C、F在一条直线上,AB=DF,AC=DF,BE=FC.(1)求证:△ABC≌△DFE;
(2)连接AF、BD,求证:四边形ABDF是平行四边形.
【考点】L6:平行四边形的判定;KD:全等三角形的判定与性质. 【分析】(1)由SSS证明△ABC≌△DFE即可;
(2)连接AF、BD,由全等三角形的性质得出∠ABC=∠DFE,证出AB∥DF,即可得出结论. 【解答】证明:(1)∵BE=FC,∴BC=EF,在△ABC和△DFE中,∴△ABC≌△DFE(SSS);
(2)解:连接AF、BD,如图所示: 由(1)知△ABC≌△DFE,∴∠ABC=∠DFE,∴AB∥DF,∵AB=DF,∴四边形ABDF是平行四边形.,11.(2017山东泰安)如图,四边形ABCD是平行四边形,AD=AC,AD⊥AC,E是AB的中点,F是AC延长线上一点.(1)若ED⊥EF,求证:ED=EF;
(2)在(1)的条件下,若DC的延长线与FB交于点P,试判定四边形ACPE是否为平行四边形?并证明你的结论(请先补全图形,再解答);(3)若ED=EF,ED与EF垂直吗?若垂直给出证明.
【考点】LO:四边形综合题.
【分析】(1)根据平行四边形的想知道的AD=AC,AD⊥AC,连接CE,根据全等三角形的判定和性质即可得到结论;
(2)根据全等三角形的性质得到CF=AD,等量代换得到AC=CF,于是得到CP=AB=AE,根据平行四边形的判定定理即可得到四边形ACPE为平行四边形;
(3)过E作EM⊥DA交DA的延长线于M,过E作EN⊥FC交FC的延长线于N,证得△AME≌△CNE,△ADE≌△CFE,根据全等三角形的性质即可得到结论. 【解答】(1)证明:在▱ABCD中,∵AD=AC,AD⊥AC,∴AC=BC,AC⊥BC,连接CE,∵E是AB的中点,∴AE=EC,CE⊥AB,∴∠ACE=∠BCE=45°,∴∠ECF=∠EAD=135°,∵ED⊥EF,∴∠CEF=∠AED=90°﹣∠CED,在△CEF和△AED中,∴△CEF≌△AED,∴ED=EF;
(2)解:由(1)知△CEF≌△AED,CF=AD,∵AD=AC,∴AC=CF,∵DP∥AB,∴FP=PB,∴CP=AB=AE,∴四边形ACPE为平行四边形;(3)解:垂直,理由:过E作EM⊥DA交DA的延长线于M,过E作EN⊥FC交FC的延长线于N,在△AME与△CNE中,∴△AME≌△CNE,∴∠ADE=∠CFE,在△ADE与△CFE中,∴△ADE≌△CFE,∴∠DEA=∠FEC,∵∠DEA+∠DEC=90°,∴∠CEF+∠DEC=90°,∴∠DEF=90°,∴ED⊥EF.
第五篇:中考英语常考易错点专题讲练:完成句子和句子翻译(含答案解析)
完成句子和句子翻译
知识清单
1.It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事怎么样,如: It is dangerous for children to play in the street.孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。2.It's time for sth.是干某事的时间了;It's time(for sb.)to do sth.该干某事了。如: ①It's time for the meeting.该开会了。
②It's time for us to go to school.我们该上学了。
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些时间。
sb.spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.某人花时间(金钱)在某事上/花时间(金钱)干某事。
sth.cost sb.some money 某事花某人一些钱 pay some money for sth.为某事(物)付钱,如: ①It took me two hours to write the letter.写这封信花了我两小时的时间。②He spends half an hour(in)reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小时读英语。
③He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每天花一小时做家务。④The bike cost me 500 yuan.这辆自行车花了我500元。⑤I spent 500 yuan on the bike.我买这辆自行车花了500元。⑥I paid 500 yuan for the bike.我花了500元买这辆自行车。重要提示: cost主语一般为物;spend, pay主语一般为人。例①中it 用作形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
4.too+形容词/副词+to do...太„„以致不能„„ 如: ①I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。
②Tom is too short to reach the apple.Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。重要提示: 这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so...that...结构改写。例句①可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word.5.so that...以便/以致„„ 如: ①They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。
②They started early so that they caught the early bus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
重要提示: 在例句①中,是引导目的状语;在例句②中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,若从句中含有情态动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。若无情态动词,则so that引导的为结果状语。
6.祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 如: ①Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。
②Hurry up,or we will be late for school.快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。注意:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句②可以改写成:If we don't hurry up,we'll be late for school.7.Why not do...? 为什么不„„? Let's do...让我们做„„吧。Shall we do...?我们做„„好吗? Would you like/to do...? 你想要(做)„„吗? Will you please do...? 请你做„„好吗? What(How)about doing...? 做„„怎么样? had better do/not do sth.最好做/不做某事。如: ①—Why not go and ask our teacher? ——为什么不去问问老师? —Good idea!Let's go.——好主意!走吧!②—Shall we go out for a walk? ——我们去散步怎么样? —No,Let's go to the zoo.——不,我们去动物园吧。
③Will you please fetch some chalks for me? 请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗? ④—What about singing an English song? ——唱首英文歌曲怎么样? —Wonderful!——好极了!⑤You had better put on the coat when you go out.你出去时最好把外套穿上。8.I don't think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。如: ①I can't believe she is right.我相信她是不对的。
②You don't think they will come tomorrow,do you? 你认为他们明天不会来,是吗? 重要提醒: think,believe,suppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例句①变为反意疑问句应为:I can't believe she is right,is she? 9.such+名词性词组+that...;so+形容词/副词+that...如此„„以致„„如: ①She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。②It was such a hot day that they didn't go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
重要提醒:(1)“such+a(an)+形容词+名词+that...”,可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that...”,例句①可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.(2)在“such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that...”结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用
so
不用
such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...,so+much/little+不可数名词+that...。如: ①There are so many people in the room that I can't get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。
②The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。
10.there be...;either...or...;neither...nor...;not only...but also...如: ①There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Not only you but also I want to go travelling.不但你,我也想去旅游。
③Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。
④Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。
⑤Both Jack and Tim are English.Jack和Tim都是英国人。重要提示: 当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要遵循“就近原则”。对比both...and...来记忆,both...and...连接主语时视为复数。
11.enough+名词+to do...有足够的„„做某事;形容词/副词+enough+to do...足够„„做某事。如: ①There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.这儿有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
②The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩儿力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。
重要提示: enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so...that...句型改写。例句②可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.12.enjoy doing sth.喜欢(爱好)做某事;like to do/like doing sth.喜欢做某事。如: ①Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜欢听音乐吗? ②I like to swim in the swimming pool.我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢到某一具体的地方游泳)③I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。(只讲喜欢这项运动)
提分策略
纵观全国各地中考英语试题的句子翻译题,其考查的重点为:各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等,为了便于评分,大多题型用“翻译填空”即“完成句子”来考查学生“译”的能力,此种题型一般占试卷总分的百分之十左右。解答这类试题,考生需要注意以下方面: 1.要明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用,等等。在做题时若能明确命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。
2.要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处,这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。比如:汉语中常说“希望/建议/同意/拒绝某人做某事”,但英语习惯上却不能 hope/suggest/agree/refuse sb.to do sth.;又比如:汉语中的“红茶”,按英语的习惯是说成 black tea,而不是对应地说成red tea。再比如:汉语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”和“打”,且习惯上不能替换(即不说“打足球”或“踢篮球”),但在英语中既不用kick(踢),也不用beat(打),却通用一个play。所有这些方面的基础语法知识和基本惯用法知识,同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。
3.不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯,比如:当他要译“他年龄很大”这样一个极为简单的句子时,他往往会逐字译为 His age is very big.而不是正确地译为 He is old.又如要译“我工作很忙”,他不是正确地译为 I'm busy,而是逐字译为 My work is very busy.所有这些问题考生在复习迎考中都要予以充分重视。
4.由于句子翻译一般采用翻译填空的形式,也就是说被填空的句子在句法结构或表达形式等方面已有了一定的限制,所以考生在做这类题时不仅要注意所给的中文句子的含义,而且要注意已给英语句子的结构和所使用的句式等,做到既不偏离中文含义,又符合英语表达的习惯性和地道性。
总之,在做句子翻译题时,要注意单词的词形变化,如名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词;形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外,重要的是平时的积累,考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。
完成句子这类题目在中考中主要是测试考生运用英语词汇和“句型”的能力。按汉语意思完成句子这类题型,重点是对基本句型的运用,一般都有规律可循。除了熟记基本句式的结构外,还要注意时态和语态以及some,any,already,yet 等词在句型中的变化。
有些句型让人感到心暖如春,有的却使人感到冰冷如霜;有的听起来觉得文雅得体,有的让人听起来觉得粗鲁野蛮。我们写文章也是一样,不同的句子可以表达不同的效果,而如何准确、巧妙地运用不同的表达形式描述人、物、事件,正是我们需要下功夫学习的内容。1.平时注意练习用不同的句式表达相同的内容。这样可以给人清新俊逸、耳目一新、不落俗套的感受。此类句式积累多了,可以扩大我们写作的视野,增加我们选择句型的余地,以便用最恰当的形式表达我们要表达的内容。如:问某人“出了什么事”或“怎么不舒服”,我们可以说“What's wrong with you?”也可以说“What's the matter with you?”;说明“他经常给我打电话”,可以说“He often calls(phone;telephone)me.”,也可以说“He often rings me up.”,还可以说“He often gives me a call(ring).”。这样的表达形式,我们已学过不少,关键是要学着运用。
2.练习用不同的句式,表达不同的情感。有时为了表达不同的情绪、情感,需要适当变换一下句式,使语言更符合人物身份或当时的喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐、悲。最常用的是表示“客气、委婉”和“强调”。表示“委婉、客气”常可以借助“I'm afraid”、“don't mind”、“please”“I'm sorry”等。
3.练习用习惯表达法,表达相同的内容。英语中有些句子是平铺直叙的,有的则借助习惯表达法使句子更具魅力,更能体现我们运用英语的水平。
【例1】(2014·天津)根据所给中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。1.我每天不得不早早起床赶头班车。
I have to
early every day to catch the first bus.2.他们去年冬天在海南度假。
They were
in Hainan last winter.3.我们春节前做扫除,是为了扫走不好的运气。
We do some cleaning to
bad luck before Spring Festival.4.你周日经常和母亲去购物吗? Do you often
with your mother on Sundays? 5.你何不在错误的旁边写下正确的拼写呢? Why don't you
the correct spelling next to the mistake?
【答案】1.get up 2.on holiday 3.sweep away 4.go shopping 5.write down 【例2】(2014·山东枣庄)
把答案写在每小题后的横线上,必须用上所提供的单词或短语。1.这星期同学们对我真好。(friendly)2.你声音小点行吗?(mind,keep...down)
3.我不喜欢刷盘子。(do)
4.因为我们上次宿营带了雨衣,所以我们没淋湿。(because)
5.你认为情景剧怎么样?(think)
【答案】1.My classmates are really friendly to me this week.2.Would you mind keeping your voice down? 3.I don't like doing the dishes.4.Because we brought our raincoats,we don't get wet in last camp.5.What do you think of sitcom?
专项训练
一、(2014·江苏江阴)完成句子。按所给的汉语,用英语完成下列句子。1.我的好朋友Tom出国将近2个月了。
My good friend
for nearly 2 months.2.尽管外面天气很冷,但是他坚持每天游泳。
Though it is cold outside,he
every day.3.很多青少年由于过重的作业负担而得不到充足的睡眠。
A large number of teenagers can't get
too much homework.4.为了引起我们的注意,英语老师用红色把新单词标出来。
,the English teacher has marked new words in red.5.我想知道多久以后如此多的邮件会得以回复。I am wondering
.6.那名工程师独自继续开展他的工作,最后终于取得成功。The engineer
and finally had a success.二、(2014·江苏常州)根据所给中文完成句子。1.这些工人不知道该怎样处理这些旧机器。The workers didn't know
.2.网上有各种各样的睡袋供你选择。There
online
.3.我确信什么也不能阻止我们使梦想成真。I am sure that
.4.据说这家电影院已经开业十年了。It is said
.5.到2013年末为止,他已经去过好几个国家了。He
the end of 2013.6.你能否告诉我这个机器人是不是出错了? Could you tell me
?
三、(2013·天津)根据中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。1.这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴,以至于他坚持练琴三年了。
The eight-year-old boy likes playing the piano
much
he has kept
for three years.2.我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生、洗衣服。
My mother usually
some cleaning and
on Sundays.3.在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得愉快。
We're
to have
at the party this evening.4.由于天气不好,运动会不得不推迟。
the bad weather,the sports meeting had to
.5.保护环境和发展经济同样重要。
Protecting environment is
developing economy.四、(2013·湖北武汉)根据中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。1.你是怎样与你的邻居相处融洽的?
can you get on well
your neighbours? 2.刘老师是位非常亲切的老师,以至于我们把她当做自己的母亲。
Mrs Liu is
kind teacher
we
her
our mother.3.严禁酒后驾车。
People shouldn't be allowed to
after
.4.下定决心努力学习吧,你迟早会成功的。Make
to work hard,you'll succeed
.5.李明是个热心肠的人,他经常帮助那些有困难的人。Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often trouble
.五、(2013·甘肃白银)根据下列句子的汉语意思和英语提示,完成句子,每空一词。1.多吃蔬菜对健康有益。
It's
your health to eat more vegetables.2.王亚平是在太空授课的第一位中国航天员。
Wang Yaping is the first Chinese astronaut
in space.3.非常感谢邀请我参加你的聚会。
asking me to your party.4.学英语最好的方法是尽可能多说。
The best way to learn English is to speak it as
as
.5.目前,贫困山区的孩子对网络安全非常感兴趣。
Now,the poor children in mountain villages
interested
the Internet.参考答案与解析
一、1.has been abroad 2.insists on swimming 3.enough sleep because of 4.(In order)to attract our attention 5.how soon so many e-mails will be replied to 6.carried on with his work alone/by himself/on his own
二、1.how to/they would deal with these old machines 2.are various sleeping bags,for you to choose from 3.nothing can stop us making our dream come true 4.that the cinema has been open for ten years 5.had been to many countries by 6.if the robot has gone wrong/whether t here is something wrong with the machine
三、1.so,that,practicing 2.does,washing 3.sure,fun 4.Thanks to/Because of,be put off 5.as important as
the people in
四、1.How,with 2.such a,that,regard,as 3.drive,drinking 4.up your mind,and,sooner or later 5.gives,a hand
五、1.good for 2.to teach 3.Thanks a lot for 4.much,possible 5.are,in