2013届高三英语语法要点细讲(配最新高考+模拟) 专题07 动词短语

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第一篇:2013届高三英语语法要点细讲(配最新高考+模拟) 专题07 动词短语

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专题07 动词短语

【考纲解读】

高考研究动词是英语词汇中的核心,而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题拟题中动词所占比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中,其考点主要涉及到以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义。考查动词词义辨析是该考点出现的基本形式。

2.动词搭配。有时只从句子的内容来看,几个选项似乎都合适,但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案。

3.动词短语。很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词,不能随意更改。

【知识要点】 动词

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。

说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词。例如:

We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(have是实义动词。)He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(have是助动词。)

3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词、不及物动词,英语缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。

说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:

She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)4)动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词、非限定动词例如:

She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)

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http://www.xiexiebang.com She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。)

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式、动名词、分词。

5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)

The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)

6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

系动词

系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如:

He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)

He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。1)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:

He is a teacher.他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如:

He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。例如: He looks tired.他看起来很累。

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http://www.xiexiebang.com He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如:

He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意。例如: The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)助动词

1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如:

He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a.表示时态。例如: He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b.表示语态。例如:

He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句。例如:

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。例如:

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http://www.xiexiebang.com I don't like him.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气。例如:

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3)最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。助动词be的用法

1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态。例如: They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important.英语现在越来越重要。2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。例如:

The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容: a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如:

He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示命令。例如:

You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见。例如:

How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢? d.表示相约、商定。例如:

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

助动词have的用法

1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。例如: He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.上月未为止,亿库教育网

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 他们已经完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。例如:

I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。3)have +been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。例如:

English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。助动词do 的用法

1)构成一般疑问句。例如:

Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗? 2)do + not 构成否定句。例如:

I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。He doesn't like to study.他不想学习。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3)构成否定祈使句。例如: Don't go there.不要去那里。

Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。例如:

Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there.我确实去那儿了。I do miss you.我确实想你。5)用于倒装句。例如:

Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.进了大学以后,我们才认识到英语的重要性。

说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6)用作代动词。例如:

----Do you like Beijing?--你喜欢北京吗?

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http://www.xiexiebang.com----Yes, I do.--是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车,对吧? 助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如: I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。

说明:在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较: He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)

He will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)助动词should, would的用法

1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称。例如:

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。

比较:“What shall I do next week?” I asked.“我下周干什么?”我问道。可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。

2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称。例如:

He said he would come.他说他要来。

比较:“I will go,” he said.他说:“我要去那儿。”变成间接引语,就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。

动词是英语中的重要词类之一,也是高考英语中的一个考查热点。它是英语语言综合运用中的灵魂,没有动词的句子,就不是完整的句子可以将动词进行分类学习。

一、在句子中否定词前移的动词类

在主从复合句中,若主句的主语为第一人称,这类动词后面接含否定意义的宾语从句时,要把从句的否定词转移到主句中去。这类动词有think, believe, expert, imagine,亿库教育网

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http://www.xiexiebang.com suppose, feel, guess, fancy等。例如: To tell you the truth, I don't suppose he can give you any help in such a short time, ? A.do I B.can't he C.can he D.don't you(答案为C)在回答对方提问时,这类动词的常用句式为“I expect so/not”。例如: —We don't believe we can make such an attempt, can we? —I expect not.二、计划未能实现的动词类

此类动词常用过去完成时,其后接动词不定式作宾语,或用于一般过去时,其后接不定式的完成式表示虚拟语气,或表达原来的计划未能实现。这类动词有intend, mean, plan, expect, hope, think, want, suppose等。例如: I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me.They hoped to have stayed there a week, but the word came.I had to come back.三、表示将来时间的动词类

这类动词常用一般现在时、现在进行时表示将来时间。它们有come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等。例如: Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon.四、表示“据说”意义的动词类

此类动词常用过去分词形式,表示“据说”、“据报道”等意思。常见句式为“It + be + 过去分词+ that从句”。这类动词有decide, say, know, report, think, believe, suppose, declare, announce等。注意: order, suggest, request后面的that从句中常用虚拟语气,也可省略should, 直接用动词原形来表示。例如: It is ordered that this design(should)be given up as quickly as possible.It is announced that two teams will have a game in our school.五、使用替代词的动词类

此类动词后面常接so/not作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词。这类动词有believe, guess, imagine, expect, hope, would like等。例如: —Will it rain this weekend? —I expect so/not.亿库教育网

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 六、混合使用在被动结构中的动词类

此类动词常用“动词be + 过去分词”结构,这种结构既表示被动意义,又表示一种状态。常见的这种结构有be surprised, be astonished, be discouraged, be pleased, be disappointed, be frightened, be satisfied, be absorbed, be born, be dressed, be devoted, be seated, be engaged in, be obliged to, be supposed to, be supplied with, be connected with, be equipped with, be married to等。例如: These years they have been engaged in building the Three Gorges.You are supposed to send for a doctor immediately.七、能带同源宾语的动词类

有些不及物动词后面可以接词源相同的名词作宾语,即同源宾语。这一名词前面往往有一个修饰语或另一个名词的所有格。这类动词有die, smile, live, dream, laugh, smell, run, sing, whistle, fight等。例如: He died a heroic death.He smiled a forced smile.Then they lived a dog's life.The lady laughed a hearty laugh.八、瞬间动词类

瞬间动词(又叫终止性动词)表示动作不能延续,在肯定句中不能与表达一段时间的状语连用。这类动词有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate等。比较: They have become friends since they met in Shanghai.(错误)They have been friends since they met in Shanghai.(正确)My grandfather has died for ten years.(错误)My grandfather has been dead for ten years.(正确)九、带介词to的动词词组类

这类动词词组有lead to(导致), stick to(坚持), refer to(提及), look forward to(盼望), belong to(属于), object to(反对), be/get used to(习惯于), be accustomed to(习惯于), adjust to(适应), adapt to(适应), put an end to(结束), devote...to(献身于), set to(开始积极的做), get down to(着手), give one's life to(献身于), prefer + v-ing...to + v-ing(与„„比更喜欢„„), come to(谈到), be supposed to(反对),亿库教育网

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http://www.xiexiebang.com agree to, add to等。例如: The red-letter day he has been looking forward to is coming today!My brother objects to being made fun of him.十、与冠词连用,表示“拍”、“打”、“拉”、“抓”意义的动词类

这类动词有pat, tap, hit, beat, strike, take, catch, grasp, pull, seize等。这类动词常用的句式为“主语+ 及物动词+ sb + 介词+ the + 身体部位”。例如: The angry father caught his son by the arm.The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.十一、感官使役动词类

这类动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的时候,表示动作已经完成或表示动作的全过程;后接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行,后接过去分词时表示一个被动动作已经完成。但在被动结构中作主语补足语的动词不定式要带to。这类动词有see, look at, watch, notic, observe, hear, feel, listen to, make, let等。例如: I saw two boys playing football on the playground.We often heard this song sung by our students after class.When I stayed at home, I often made my little brother cry, but last week, I was made to cry by my little brother.十二、系动词类

能用作系动词的词后面常接形容词或名词作表语,此时动词没有进行时态和被动语态。这类动词有be, appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, smell, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall, make, remain, continue, stand, lie, sit, exist等。例如: This roasted duck looks good and smells delicious.On hearing the news he looked sad and he looked at me sadly.My brother remained silent all time at the meeting.The speech he made proved disappointing.十三、后接动名词作宾语的动词类

此类动词及短语动词后面接动名词作宾语。这类动词和短语动词有mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, forbid, deny, feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth,亿库教育网

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http://www.xiexiebang.com imagine, put off, give up等。例如: He is considering finishing pratising playing the notes in order not to disturb others.The tiger escaped being killed by the hunter.十四、后接动词不定式作宾语的动词类

这类动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语。它们有afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up one's mind, used, be about, be able, have等。例如: She pretended not to see me when I passed by.My father earns a low salary every month, so he can't afford to buy such an expensive car.十五、后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词类

这类动词的后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词。其中区别不大的有begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate。意义有明显区别的有try to do(努力做), try doing(试着做), mean to do(打算), mean doing(意味着做), can't help doing(忍不住做), can't help to do(不能帮助做), remember doing(记得做过), remember to do(记住去做), regret doing(后悔做过), forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过), stop to do sth(停下正做的事去做另外一件事), stop doing sth(停止正在做的事), go on to do sth(接着做另一件事), go on doing sth(继续做某事)。例如: I am too busy today, so I can't help to wash the dishes.今天太忙,我不能帮助刷盘子了。

Hearing the story, I can't help laughing heartily.听到这个故事,我情不自禁地笑了起来。

十六、表示“需要”意义的动词类

这类动词后面既可以直接接动名词,也可接动词不定式的被动式,但二者均可表示被动含义。这类动词有need, want, require, deserve等。例如: The new teaching building needs painting.(= The new teaching building needs to be painted.)Your suggestion deserves reconsidering.(= Your suggestion deserves to be

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http://www.xiexiebang.com reconsidered.)十七、用在虚拟语气中的动词类

表示应该(或规劝、命令、建议、要求)等意义的动词后面,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”的形式,其中should常常可以省略。这类动词有order, suggest, insist, advise, command, demand, require等。例如: Captain Cook commanded his men(should)jump into the sea.The police required that I(should)turn up.十八、用主动形式表示被动意义的动词类

这类动词常用主动形式表示被动的意义,其后常跟副词well, easily, poorly, 用来说明主语的特点、性质或状态等。这类动词有break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate等。例如: The clothes my mother bought for me last year washed well.The pen writes smoothly.十九、不能用于被动语态和进行时的动词类

这类动词不能用于被动语态,它们用作谓语动词时,也不能用于进行时。这类动词(短语)有become, cost, have, last, hold(容纳), fit, stand(忍受), suit, belong to, consist, exist, depend, happen, take place, run out(用完), break out, give out(耗尽), go out(熄灭), burst forth(突然爆发)等。例如: The car in the garage belongs to my elder brother.The chair gave out under the fat man.The fuel ran out on the way.二十、后接反身代词作宾语的动词类

这类动词后面常接反身代词作宾语。它们有enjoy, seat, present, teach, help, devote, call, find, force等。例如: He taught himself law when free and devoted himself to teaching.He devoted himself to the revolution many years ago.The boy called himself a fool when he was told to leave the garden.短语动词是高考考查的一个热点,分析近年高考试题可知,高考对动词短语的考查主要

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 有以下几个方式。

一、不同的动词,后面加上相同的小品词

使用频率较高的这类动词有:call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等。常见的介词或副词有:in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。

1.动词+ away构成的短语动词有:

throw away扔掉;put away把„„收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;run away 潜逃;跑开;go away 走开

2.动词+ for构成的短语动词有:

answer for负责;provide for供养;call for要求;plan for打算,为„„计划;hope for希望,期待;ask for索取,寻找;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,赔偿;wait for等待;look for寻找等。

3.动词+ on构成的短语动词有:

try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;have on穿着,戴着;pull on穿,戴;hold on不挂断,坚持,继续;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;go on继续;get on上(车);come on赶快等。

4.动词+ over构成的短语动词有:

come over过来;hand over移交;go over仔细检查,复习;get over克复,恢复;look over检查;think over仔细考虑;take over接受,接管;hand over 移交;turn over翻转等等。

5.动词+ up构成的短语动词有:

bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放弃;go up 上升,增长;grow up 长大;look up尊敬,向上看,查寻;make up虚构,弥补,组成;put up举起,搭建;pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,创(纪录);send up发射;show up 揭露,露面;turn up出现,把„„调高一点;take up占据,开始从事等等。

6.动词+ out构成的短语动词有:

come out出来;go out出去,熄灭;look out留神,当心;walk out走出;set out出发,开始;put out扑灭,生产;give out发出,发表;hand out分发;pick out挑选;find out找出,发现;speak out大声地说;turn out生产,打扫;get out出去,离开;work

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http://www.xiexiebang.com out计算出,解决,实行,行得通;carry out实现,执行;bring out出版;start out 出发,动身等等。

二、同一个动词后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词)

常见的这类动词有:break,die, call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等等。

1.break + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

break down击败,摧毁,发生故障,(身体)垮掉;break out爆发;break through突破,突围;break off 中断,突然停止;break up打碎,分解,驱散;break in闯入(不及物);break into破门而入(及物);break away突然离开,逃脱,脱离等等。

2.bring +介词的短语动词有:

bring about使发生;bring back拿回来,使恢复;bring down打倒,降低;bring in引进;bring out出版,生产;bring up培养,养育;bring over把„„带来等等。

3.come + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

come in进来;come from 来自于„„;come about产生;come over过来;come out出来,出现;come by从旁经过;come up上来,走进;come across偶遇;come along发生,进步;come after跟着„„来;come back回来;come around绕道而来;come down下来;come on快点,赶快等等。

4.cut + 介词的短语动词有:

cut in插嘴,插入;cut into切入;cut across抄近路;cut back减少;cut off切断;cut up切碎;cut away砍掉;cut down砍倒,削减;cut out剪取,剪掉;cut through通过,穿过等等。

5.call + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

call after以„„的名字来命名;call for要求;call back叫回,召回,回忆;call up使人想起,给某人打电话;call on号召,拜访某人;call in(at)在某地稍作逗留,邀请;call off取消等等

6.get + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

get about传播;get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通(电话);get in进入,陷入;get on上车,进展,融洽相处;get off下车,下来;get out出去,离开;get over 克服;get across通过,被理解;get along与„„融洽相处;get away离开,脱身等等。

7.give + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

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http://www.xiexiebang.com give up放弃;give in屈服,投降;give away赠送,捐赠,无意中泄漏,错过;give over移交,交出;give off放出,发出,排出;give out分发,散发,放出(光,热);give back归还。

8.go + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

go ahead着手,开始(做),进行;go along进展,前进;go around流传,传播;go away离去,走开;go beyond超过;go by过去,流逝;go down下降;go up上升;go for喜欢;go off离开,停止;go on继续,发生;go over复习,温习;go through经历,穿过等等。

9.look + 介词/ 副词的短语有:

look after照顾,照料;look away把目光移开;look around环顾;look at看;look down朝下看;look for寻找;look into调查;look out当心;look over检查;look through浏览,检查;look up向上看,查阅等等。

10.turn + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

turn about / round(使)向后转,回头,转身;turn against(使)反对(某人);turn away转过脸去,拒绝;turn back往回走;turn down调低,关小,拒绝;turn in上缴,上交;turn into(使)变成;turn off关掉;turn on打开;turn out熄灭,生产;turn over翻过来;turn to求助于,转向;turn up调高,到达,出现等等。

11.put + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有:

put aside把„„放在一边,积蓄;put away把„„收拾好,积蓄;put back把„„放回原处;put down放下,镇压;put forward提出,建议;put in放进;put off推迟,拖延;put on穿上,戴上,增加,上演;put out生产出,出版;put up举起等等。

12.be / get / become + 过去分词/ 形容词+ 介词的短语动词有:

be dressed in穿着;be fond of 爱好,喜爱;be lost in沉溺于;be located in位于;be addicted to沉溺于;be used to习惯于;be curious about对„„好奇;be engaged in忙于„„;be glad to乐意„„;be convinced of确信,认识到;be aware of知道;be worried about担心等等。

13.动词+ 副词+ 介词的短语动词有:

add up to合计达;break away from从„„脱离开;come up with找到,提出;catch up with赶上;get down to开始认真地做某事;go in for参加,追求;keep away from远离;keep up with跟上;date back to追溯到;put up with忍受,容忍;run out of

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 用完;watch out for当心;look down upon瞧不起;go ahead with开始,着手;go along with一起去,同意;hold on to坚持等等。

三、动词不同,小品词也不同。这一类题应该是最难的,因为它考查面广且灵活多变。【例】She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to__________.A.turn to B.look for C.deal with D.talk about 【解析】turn to“求助于”;look for“寻找”;deal with“处理”;talk about“谈论”。句意是“她使用这部新电脑一直有麻烦,但她不知道该找谁帮忙。”故正确答案为A。

【考点诠释】

考点

一、考查动词词义辨析

这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题,必须明确各个动词的词义和用法,然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。

例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.A.hired B.dismissed

C.refused D.employed

考点

二、考查近义动词辨析

这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题,必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。

例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。

A.injured B damaged

C.harmed D.destroyed

【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害,损害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看,答案为A。

考点

三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配

英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时,解答的关键是弄清题意,然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。

例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.A.bought B.come

C.thrown D.appeared

【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露,将„„曝光”是come to light,故答案为B。

考点

四、考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配

英语中有些动词后跟宾补时,有其固定搭配,如let/have/make sb.do sth.,get/force sb.to do sth.,allow/permit/forbid sb.to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构,找到作宾补的不定式,然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to,最后确定该用什么动词。

例The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home.Love, Joey.”

A.advising B.suggesting

C.letting D.making

考点

五、考查系动词

动词作系动词用时,后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有:appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的答案。

例The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.亿库教育网

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A.seen B.to be seen

C.seeing D.to see

【解析】 题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察。”由题意可知,remain在此是用作系动词,且see这一动作还没有发生,答案锁定在B和D中间;the effect和see之间是被动关系,所以答案为B。

【备考提示】1.全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识。高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功。

2.着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力。近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查。

考点

六、考查同根动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。

例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A.set out B.set off C.set in D.set up 【解析】分析题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知,空缺处应该是“表达;解释”之意,而四个选项中只有set out有此意,故答案为A。

考点

七、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。

例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.A.drop out B.come out C.leave out D.stay out

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 例Take care during the holidays!Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A.contribute to B.relate to C.attend to D.devote to 【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“导致”之意,四个选项中,只有A项contribute to有此意,故答案为A。

考点

八、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思,选出符合题意的动词短语。

例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.A.give out B.take in C.show off D.carry on 【解析】分析题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“炫耀;展示”之意,故答案为C。

考点

九、考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词,但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语;要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时,弄清题意诚然重要,但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to,切忌想当然。

例—Do you know the plan his daughter will _______ spread a lot? —Really? I don’t know it yet.A.get down to B.come up to C.live up to D.look up to 【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗?”“真的?我还不知道。”四个选项中,get down to,“着手做”;come up to,“不亚于;相等”;live up to,“不辜负;达到高标准”;look up to,“尊敬”。由此可知,只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句,修饰先行词the plan。

例 “I can’t _______ your rudeness any more,leave the room,”shouted Mary.(2009武汉调研)

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http://www.xiexiebang.com A.put up to B.put up from C.put up into D.put up with 【解析】分析题意为“‘我再也不能忍受你的粗鲁了,滚出去’,玛丽大声喊道。”从题意可知,空缺处应该是“忍受”之意,四个选项中,只有D项中的put up with有此意,故选D。

【备考提示】1.全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识。高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功。

2.着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力。近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查。

【试题放送】

【2012全国II】12.We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A.set about B.set up C.set out D.set down 【答案】C 【解析】此处set about开始做...,后接名词、动名词;set up建立;set out开始做...,后接不定式;set down写下,记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意:那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。【考点】考查动词短语的含义。

【2012湖北卷】21.Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago A.sponsor C.organize 【答案】A 【考点】考查动词辨析。难度中等。

【解析】该句意为:两位律师捐赠了5,0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动„„ A项意为“赞助”,符合句意;B项意为“发射,开办”,C项意为“组织”,D项意为“计划”,都与句意不同。故A项正确。

【2012湖北卷】22.Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.亿库教育网

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B.launch D.plan

亿库教育网

http://www.xiexiebang.com A.approved C.polished 【答案】C

B.quoted D.folded

【考点】考查动词辨析。难度中等。

【解析】句意为:最后,我要感谢我的辅导老师,他给我的论文提出了很多批评和建议,并对每张稿件作了推敲。C项意为“推敲”,符合句意,故C项正确。A项意为“通过”,B项意为“引用”,D项意为“折叠”,都与句意不符。

【2012湖北卷】23.Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.A.hold up B.keep up C.set up D.take up 【答案】B 【考点】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。

【解析】句意为:独自在黑暗中行走,男孩吹口哨保持勇气。B项意为“维持,不使低落”,符合句意。A项意为“举起”,C项意为“建立”,D项意为“拿起”,都与句意不符。【2012湖北卷】24.I’m so glad you’ve come here to ________ this matter in person.A.lead to 【答案】B 【考点】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。

【解析】句意为:很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。B项意为“负责”,符合句意;A项意为“导致”,C项意为“向„„求助”,D项意为“参考”,都与语意不符。【2012江苏卷】26.— OK, I've had enough of it.I give up.—You can't ______ your responsibilities.A.run off with B.run up against C.run out of D.run away from 【考点】动词短语辨析 【答案】D 【解析】run away from意为“逃离,躲避”,run off with意为“偷走;与„„私奔”;run up against意为“偶遇”;run out of意为“用完”。句意为:——好了,我已受够了,我放弃。——你不能逃避你的责任。根据句意,应选D项。

【2012安徽卷】28.The athlete's years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.亿库教育网

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B.see to

C.turn to D.refer to

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http://www.xiexiebang.com A.went on B.got through C.paid off D.ended up 【答案】C 【考点】考点本题考查动词词组。

【解析】pay off 有很多含义:1 付清某人的工资并解雇他 偿清欠款等等 2.对某人或某事进行报复 3.使人得益,有报偿 4.贿赂

【最新模拟】

1.【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】30.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn’t________and choose.A.pick B.take C.start D.mind 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他的朋友建议他应该做他能得到的工作而不应该挑挑拣拣。

2.【2012届江西省上饶市第一次高考模拟】29.—Dad,it’s raining heavily and I haven’t got my umbrella.How can I go back home? —No worry,Honey!I’ll be right there to you . A.take;up

B.catch;up

C.pick;up

D.bring;up 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语的用法。此处pick up意为:接某人。句意:---爸爸,雨下得很大并且我没有伞。我怎么回家啊?---亲爱的,别担心。我要去那里接你。

3.【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】8.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ___ dead by the afternoon. A.convinced B.described 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:有报告称:5人在意外事故中当场死亡,然而另外的15人包括他们的老师截止到下午被证明死亡。此处were confirmed dead意为:被证明死亡。

4.【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】33.The color of that T-shirt and made all the other clothes pink.D.confirmed

C.committed

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http://www.xiexiebang.com A.went 【答案】C B.disappeared C.ran

D.fell 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处ran意为:褪色。句意:T恤衫的颜色掉了把其他所有衣服都染成了粉红色。

5.【2012届贵州师大附中高三年级检测】9.It ______ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.A.took shared 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词的用法。此处it为形式主语,后面的to make the break with his family是真正的主语。

6.【2012届山东省菏泽重点高中高三下学期4月模拟】24.Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A.acquired 【答案】 D 【解析】考查动词词义。此处achieve意为“完成,做到,获得(胜利等),达到(目的)”,指克服困难之后取得成功、成就或实现预期的目的,强调结果。根据其宾语all of the goals可判断出“Lucy达到/实现了所有的目标”。acquire 意为“取得,获得”;finish 意为“完成,结束”;conclude 意为“结束,终止”。

7.【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】29. him or her leave a message in case anyone happens to drop in while I am out.A.Get

B.Have

C.Ask

D.Take

B.finished

C.concluded

D.achieved

B.needed

C.spent

D.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据后文的leave动词原形可知用have,解题关键:have sb do sth。

8.【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】3.He has talents by which he might ________ himself.A.expose B.admire C.distinguish D.hide 【答案】C

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 【解析】考查动词辨析。此处expose 意为“揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示”;admire意为“钦佩;赞美”;distinguish 意为“区分;辨别;使杰出,使表现突出”;hide 意为“隐藏;隐瞒”。句意:他有一些别与常人的能力。

9.【2012届湖北省八校高三第二次联考】26.The U.S.government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first Chinese-American ever to take the post.A.accumulated confirmed 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处confirm sb as意为:任命某人为。。句意:星期三美国政府任命原商务部部长Gary Locke为中国大使,使他成为第一个美籍华人出任这个职位的人。

10.【2012届湖北省八校高三第二次联考】27.Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”, intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.A.base 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处impress on sb sth意为:使。。意识到(重要性)。句意:格林女士经常说:“自助者天助”,她有意识地使我们意识到独立的重要性。11.【2012届湖北省武汉市高三适应性训练】23.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers. A.breaking B.pouring C.filling D.squeezing

B.impress

C.focus

D.rely

B.reflected

C.distinguished

D.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义。此处pour into意为:涌向。。;句意:大城市房价一直上升的原因之一是人们大量的涌入过分拥挤的大城市。

12.【2012届湖北省武汉市高三适应性训练】24.Do not fear them;for there is nothing covered that will not be ________, and nothing hidden that will not be made known. A.criticized B.defined 【答案】D

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C.estimated D.revealed

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http://www.xiexiebang.com 【解析】考查动词词义。此处criticize 批评;define 限制;estimate估计;reveal揭发;揭露。句意:不要害怕,没有不被揭露的事情,任何隐藏的事情都得被人们知道。13.【2012届南宁市高中毕业班第一次适应性测试】31.Learning to makes it easier for one to get along well with others in work and life.A.create

B.live

C.share

D.learn 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义。此处create创新;live生活;share分享;learn学习。句意:学会分享使人在工作和学习中与他人相处更容易。

14.【2012届云南省昆明市高三下学期复习教学质量检测】15.Recently the south of the country has been worst by the drought.A.impressed

B.affected

C.expressed

D.designed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义。此处impress刻印;affect影响;express表达;design设计。句意:最近我国南方受到严重的旱灾的影响。

15.【2012届四川省泸州市高三第一次高考模拟】20.Your daughter ____ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practicing the piano. A.promises B.agrees C.expects

D.pretends 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义。此处promise很可能;预示;agree同意;expect期待;pretend假装。句意:你女儿有可能成为著名的音乐家,所以你应该让她练习钢琴。

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第二篇:2011年高考英语语法专题讲练测-动词和动词词组

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2011届高考英语专题讲练测讲义集:(教师版)专题3 动

词和动词词组

一、【专项直击】 【考情分析】

动词是英语词汇中的核心,而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。它的用法最灵活,其种类比较多,形式复杂。每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会出现2~4道试题,难度也比较大。预测今后高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配,以及构成的固定短语,要注意这些短语的意思,同时要在具体的语境中灵活地加以使用。【知识要点】

动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一,在历年高考题中所占比例也最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。I.动词的分类

根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类: 1.行为动词(实义动词)①及物动词:带宾语的动词 ②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词 注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。

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Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开

She turned off all the lights which had been left on.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她送掉了它们。

③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。

④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上有很大的差异。break out发生,爆炸

carry out进行,开展

go out熄灭

break down出毛病hand out分发

let out放出

look out当心

sell out卖完 set out出发

take out取出

work out算出

come down落下来

get down下车

take down取下

write down写下 2.动词+介词(及物)I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。

注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。look after照料,look at看,look for寻找 3.动词+副词+介词

I look forward to seeing you soon.我盼望不久就见到你。

注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。

In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏掉after)这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。III.动词及短语动词词义辨析

动词及短语动词是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空等题型中,动词及短语动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词及短语动词辨义主要指: 1.形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析; 2.意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;

3.动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析; 4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析。5.某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。

动词及短语动词词义辨析要靠考生的日积月累,考生才能在高考中应付自如。IV.动词和短语动词的常见辨析方法

(一)从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析 1.宾语不同,意义也不同

go on doing(继续干同一件事)

go on to do(接着去干另一件事)regret doing(后悔干了某事)

regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)forget doing(忘记已做过的事)

forget to do(忘记要去干的事)remember doing(记得已做过的事)

remember to do(记住要去干的事)mean doing(意味着干)

mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做)

try to do(设法做)

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consider doing(考虑去做)

consider to be/have done(认为是/认为已经做了)

2.接宾语或宾补(主补),形式有不同

某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补(主

补)时,宾补(主补)要用不定式。

We forbid smoking here.(宾语,用动名词)

We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补,用动词不定式)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补,用动词不定式)3.宾语形式不同,意义相同

有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表 被动意义),两种形式意义相同。

The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning 4.主动形式表示“被动”意义的动词

有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义: My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

5.意义上基本相同,但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词

buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西;spend/take都可指花时间;但是它们在用法、习惯搭配上 有较大的区别。

The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/(in)buying the watch.It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.以上句子所表达的意思基本相同:他花了36,000法郎买了这只手表。

(二)从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析

词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点。要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析。1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析

如有无介词for,意义不同:answer(回答)/answer for(对……负责、偿还)常见的还有:

search(对人、物或场所搜查)/search for(搜寻人、物或场所)

leave(离开某地)/leave for(去某地)

reach(到达;拿到)/reach for(伸手去拿)prepare(准备)/prepare for(为…作准备)

enter(进入)/enter for(报名参加)run(经营;跑)/run for(竞选)

stand(站;忍受)/stand for(代表)pay(付钱、债给某人)/pay for(付钱买某物)2.以意义为突破口进行辨析

①意义内涵不同型:几个词它们的内在含义不尽相同。defend, protect, guard 都与 “保护”有关。

defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。

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protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力,外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。guard 指小心警惕,防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。They raised a large army to defend the country.他们招募了一支庞大的军队来保卫这个国家的安全。The entrance to the palace were well guarded.进宫殿的入口处门卫把守得很严。Clothing is worn to protect us from cold.穿衣服是为了御寒。

②动作结果不同型:动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果。advise(劝说)/persuade(劝服)

I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him.我劝过他,但未能劝服他。这类常见的动词还有:

look for(寻找)/find(找到)look(看)/see(看见)listen(听)/hear(听到)

try(试 图,不说明是否成功)/manage(设法,侧重做到)

③动作状态不同型:begin(开映:动作非延续性)/be on(开映:状态延续性)

The film began at 5 o’clock and has been on for half an hour.电影5点开映,已开映半小时了。

④客观主观不同型:receive(客观上:收到)/accept(主观上:受到)I received her present but I didn’t accept it.我收到了她的礼物,但没有接受。⑤直接间接不同型:hear(直接:听)/hear of(间接:听说)I heard him singing.我听到她在唱歌。

I have heard of him.我听说过他的有关情况。V.重点所要背诵的短语动词

根据笔者对2006-2009四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计(见文后的附录),我们建议考生2010复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下(仅供参考):

1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组

accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪 add to 增添 add up 加起来

add up to 加起来达……,合计达…… adapt…to使……适应 adjust…to使……适应

agree with同意某人意见(接sb.或idea, view等);适应;与……一致 agree to(one’s plan/ proposal)同意某人的计划或提议 answer for对……负责 apply for申请,请求 appeal for恳求,呼吁

attach…to…将……系在…..,使隶属/附属于……,将……缚在…… approve of赞成

apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉

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be absorbed in埋头于……,专心于……

be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于…… be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷恋…… be admitted to/into获准进入……,被……录取 be annoyed with sb.at/about sth 2.以break为中心的词组

break away from脱离,逃离,打破

break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱 break in闯进,打断;使顺服

break into闯入;强行进入;突然开始 break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚 break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止 break through 突破,克服,挤过去

break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束 3.以build为中心的词组

build on / upon 建立在…上,依赖,指望 build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴 4.以burst为中心的词组

burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现 burst in 闯进,突然出现

burst into闯进,突然……起来,突然发出 burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 5.以 bring为中心的词组

bring about导致,引起,促使 bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复

bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,提出 bring forward 提出

bring into action 使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产 bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期 bring to mind 使想起,回忆起

bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止 6.以call为中心的词组 call at 访问(某地),停泊在

call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开 call for 需要,要求,接(某人),call in 召集,收集,请入,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on 拜访(某人),号召 call out 大声喊,唤起

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call up 打电话给…;召集;使想起 7.以carry为中心的词组 carry about 随身携带

carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑 carry back 拿回,运回,使想起

carry……into effect/practice 执行,实行,实现,完成 carry off 带走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)carry on 坚持,继续,进行

carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成 carry through 坚持到底,贯彻,完成 8.以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing被发现做某事 be caught in the rain淋雨 catch /take fire 着火

be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞 catch one’sword听懂某人的话 catch sight of发现,瞥见

catch sb’s attention引起某人注意 catch the point of 抓住…的要点 9.以clear为中心的词组 clear away 扫除,消除 clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停 clear out 清除,扫出

clear up(天)变晴;打扫,消除 10..以come为中心的词组 come aboutvi.发生,改变方向

come across偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付 come at达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back回来;恢复,复原

come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come into being发生,产生,出现,形成 come into power开始执政,当权,当选 come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行 come into existence形成,产生,开始存在 come into fashion开始流行

come into operation开始运转,实施,生效 come into use开始使用,获得应用 come round/around 拜访,绕道

come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐,说到/提及到 come to an agreement 达成协议 come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to a decision 作出决定 come to an end终止,结束

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come to an understanding 取得谅解 when it comes to…就…而论,谈到

come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白 come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生

come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来 come to oneself苏醒

come true实现,成为现实;证实

come up走近;上楼;流行起来;发芽,上来;(问题)被提出;(风浪)猛烈起来 11.以compare为中心的词组

be compared to 被比作,与…相比 be compared with与…相比

beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的 compare notes with和…交换意见/核对笔记 compare …to…把..比作,把…与…相比 compare …with…把…与…相比 12.以devote为中心的词组 be devoted to 贡献给,致力于 devote one’s attention to 专心于

devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于,致力于 devote to献身于,专心于 13.以divide为中心的词组 be divided by…被…除

be divided on…对于…有分歧

divide sth.among / between…在…之间分配 divide A from B 把A同B分开 divide…into… 把…分成

divide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配 14.以die为中心的词组

die away渐熄(减弱,消失)侧重于减弱直至“消失”(尤其指声音,光,风)die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)die of 死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因)die from 死于(灾害、事故等外因)die off死去

die out 灭绝,消失,熄灭 15.以do为中心的词组 do a good deed做一件好事 do the deed 付诸行动,生效

do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费 do /cause damage to 损害

do good to(=do sb.good)有益于 do harm to(=do sb.harm)有害于 do wrong to(=do sb.wrong)冤枉某人 do one’s best / utmost尽某人最大努力 do sb.a favor /do a favor for sb.帮助某人

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do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新 do with忍受,处理(对比:deal with)do without不需要…也行,不用 16.以 drive为中心的词组

drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶 drive off 驱散

drive out 逐出,乘车出去

drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)drive sb.mad 使某人发疯 17.以fall为中心的词组

fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall back撤退,后退

fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面

fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败 fall in love with…爱上(某人)fall into a habit of 养成…习惯 fall off 掉下,衰退,减少

fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解 fall into ruins 成为废墟 18.以fix为中心的词组

fix a date / time for…为……安排日期/时间 fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供 fix on / upon 确定,决定

fix one’s eyes on/upon 注视,凝视

fix one’s attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在 19.以get为中心的词组

get about徘徊,走动,旅行;流传

get accustomed to习惯于,对……习以为常 get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解 get ahead of胜过,超过

get along前进,进步;同意;离去,相处 get along with与……相处

get around 走动,传播,影响,说服 get away离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假 get back取回,回来;报复 get close to 接近,靠近

get down to认真对待,静下心来

get/catch/seize/take hold of获得,取得,抓住 get in touch with…与…取得联系 get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债 get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身 get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成 get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱

get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格

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get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见 20.以give为中心的词组

give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发 give back归还,反射

give forth发出,放出;发表 give in屈服,让步,投降 give off发出(烟,气味)

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完 give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生 give up放弃;停止

give way to让步,退却;屈服于 given that…假定,给定,已知 21.以go为中心的词组 go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传 go across 度过,越过

go after 追逐,追求,跟随 go against 反对,不利于 go ahead 前进,进展,继续

go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴 go along with… 陪伴,和…一道走 go back to 追溯至 go bad 变坏,腐败 go beyond 超过,胜过 go by 经过,过去

go down 下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静 go for 支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)go in for 喜欢,参加,赞成,从事, 为…而努力 go into 进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究 go off 走开,爆炸 go on 继续,接下去

go on to do 接着做(另一件事)go on doing 继续做(同一件事)go on with…继续做,忍受

go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休 go over 温习,检查,越过

go through 审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受 go up 上升,上涨,攀登

go without 无需,没有…也行 go wrong 出故障,走错路 22.以hold为中心的词组

hold back 隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留 hold to / by 坚持,固守

hold down 压制,压低,缩减 hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开

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hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张 hold up 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞 hold with 和…意见一致,赞成 23.以keep为中心的词组

keep away(from)不接近,避开,远离 keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒 keep company with…和…结交 keep …from…阻止 keep in mind 记住

keep in touch with…与…保持联系/不断接触 keep off 不接近,远离

keep on doing 继续,不停地做 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep out 使…不入内

keep pace with…跟上,同…步调一致 keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持

keep up with…赶上,跟上,与…并肩前进 keep watch 守望,值班,注意 24.以lay为中心的词组

lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏 lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲 lay off(暂时)解雇,放弃,停止 lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏 25.以leave为中心的词组 leave about乱放,乱丢

leave alone 听任,任其自然 leave…as it is.听其自然

leave behind 留下,忘记携带 leave for(离开某地)去某地

leave out 省去,遗漏,不把…计算在内 leave off 停止,脱去,戒除 leave office 离职,下台

leave over 留下,剩下,延期 leave room for 为…让出地方 leave school 毕业

leave sth, to / with sb把…交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth.把…交给/留给某人 leave word / a message 留言,留信 26.以look为中心的词组 look about四下环顾;查看 look after照顾,看管 look around东张西望

look back on / upon …回顾

look down on /upon俯视;轻视

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look forward to盼望,期待 look into窥视;调查;浏览 look on /upon旁观;面向

look on / upon …as…把…看作

look out向外看;注意;当心,提防 look over从上面看过去;检查,忽略

look through透过……看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查 look to 面向,注意

look up 查阅,仰视,涨价 look up to仰望,尊敬 27.以make为中心的词组 be made from由……原料制成 be made(out)of由……材料制成 be made up of由……组成

make an appointment with sb.与…约定

make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要 make a fool of愚弄,欺骗 make a point 阐述观点

make a point of doing强调;决心,坚持 make a will 立下遗嘱

make advantages/use of使用,利用 make believe假装

make certain / sure确信,把……弄清楚

make contact with 接通,与„„接触,与„„联系 make for去向,向„„前进;有利于 make oneself at home随便,别拘束

make oneself understood 让别人理解自己 make out填写;开支票;理解;辨认 make preparations for为…作准备

make the best/ most of尽量利用;极为重视

make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占…比例 make up to 接近,巴结;向„„求爱 make way for 为„„让路,让路于

make it 就这么定了,成功,达到某一特定目标, 赶到。28.以meet为中心的词组

meet the need/demand/requirement of满足…需要 meet with 偶然碰见,遭受,meet…by chance/accident偶然碰见 make ends meet 使收支相抵 29.以owe为中心的词组

owe … to…把…归功于,把…归因于,owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于 owe it to…that…归功于,幸亏

owe sb.sth.(=owe sth.to sb.)欠某人…

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30.以pass为中心的词组 pass away 去世,(时间)过去 pass by 经过,(时间)过去 pass on/upon 传递,通过

pass out of one’s mind 被人忘掉 pass over 忽视,置之不理

pass through 经历,经过,贯穿 31.以pick为中心的词组 pick one’s words精选用词 pick out 挑出,辨别出

pick up 接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,收拾,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识 pick up with…结识,与…交朋友 32.以put为中心的词组

put aside 把„„放在一边;搁置;排除

put away 把„„放好,把„„收拾;储藏; put back 把„„放回原处;拨回

put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落 put an end to 结束,终止,废除

put forward 提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡,put in 驶入,进入

put…(down)in writing 把…写下来

put „„ into把„„放入;插入;翻译成 put…into use应用

put…into practice把…付诸于实践

put…into action把…付诸于实践,实施,使生效 put…into effect把..付诸于实践,实施,使生效 put…into operation 将…投入生产,实施,开动 put…into production将…投产,开始生产 put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下 put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐 put one’s heart into 全神贯注,专心致志 put out 熄灭,伸出,拿出,制造,刺杀 put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过 put up 举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列 put up with 忍受,容忍 33.以refer 为中心的词组

refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅

be referred to 和…有关,归功于,被提交…处理 refer oneself to…依赖,求助于

refer to…as…把…称做,认为…是… 34.以see为中心的词组 see after 照料,照顾 see into 识透,调查

see out 送某人到门口/屋外,嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

see off送行

see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底 see to 照顾,处理,注意

see to it that…照料,努力使,注意把 seeing that…因为,鉴于,既然 35.以send为中心的词组

send away 解雇,赶走,把…送往远处

send down 把…向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)send for 派人去叫/请/拿

send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别

send out 发出,散发,长出(树叶等)send up 发射,使上升,向上传递 send word 通知,转告,捎信 36以set为中心的词组 be set in 以……为背景

set about(doing)着手,开始

set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样

set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝 set back 把(钟表)往回拨

set down 放下,卸下,登记,记载 set fire to(= set…on fire)放火烧毁 set free 释放(某人)

set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)set out vi.出发 vt.开始,着手(to do),布置 set up 建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)37.以take为中心的词组

take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会 take a seat就坐

take a shower淋浴,洗澡

take advantage of 利用,乘…之便 take after 仿效,与…相似,长得像 take aim瞄准,设立目标 take away拿走,减去;夺去 take back收回,取消

take ……by surprise出奇制胜,突袭 take sb.by surprise 使惊讶

take care to do 务必做,留心做 take ……for/as…把„„当作 take charge of负责,主管

take down 取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒 take effect 生效,起作用 take … for example 以…为例

take … for granted 认为…理所当然

take in 吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会

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take…into account / consideration 考虑,重视 take it / things easy 别紧张,从容 take measures / steps 采取措施

take off vt.脱去,除去;vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名 take office就职,上任

take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任 take one’s place就坐,入坐,代替 take one’s time(to do)慢慢做

take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)take over 接管,接任,接收 take possession of 占有,拥有 take the place of代替

take the shape of 呈/取……的形状 take the size of 量…的尺寸

take pride in以„„为荣,对„„骄傲

take…seriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待 take sb.by the arm拉某人的胳膊 take sb.in one’s arms 拥抱某人 take turns(to do)轮流做 take up for 袒护

take up with 致力于,忍受,对…发生兴趣 38.以think为中心的词组 think about 考虑 think aloud 自言自语

think highly / well/much/a lot of对…评价很高 think little/ill/nothing of 轻视,看不起 think of 想,想着,想做 think of …as…把…看作 think out 仔细考虑,想通 think over仔细考虑 think through想通

think to oneself 沉思,暗自想 think up 想出,想通,想起 39.以turn为中心的词组

turn away把……打发走,解雇,转脸不采,使转变方向 take one’s turn to do轮到做

turn a blind eye to对……视而不见 turn a deaf to对……充耳不闻 turn against背叛,采取敌对态度 turn back 折回,往回走

turn down 折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑 turn into 走进;变成,变为 watch over 查看,监视,看守 watch one’s weight 留心体重

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watch one’s step 当心,留心

二、【思维导航】

做题时还要注意以下解题技巧:

动词是高考的一个重点,除了时态和语态外,动词(尤其是常用动词)和动词词组也是高考必考考点,因此大家平时应十分关注动词和动词词组。其考点主要涉及到以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义。考查动词词义辨析是该考点出现的基本形式。

2.动词搭配。有时只从句子的内容来看,几个选项似乎都合适,但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案。

3.动词短语。很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词,不能随意更改。

一定语境中动词的选择、一定语境中动词的选择包括两类: 一类是给出语境,让考生选择符合这个语境的动词。近三年全国各地区高考通过设置情境考查动词的题目多达48道。另一类是一定语境中易混动词的辨析。近三年全国各地区高考较侧重考查易混动词的辨析。

【例题1】I

him some money and I have to pay him back tomorrow. A.earn

B.make

C.owe

D.borrow 【解题指导】一定要结合语境,抓住句中的关键词,准确判断句意。切不可只根据搭配,这样可能会作出错误的选择。

【解析】C。四个选项都可以与money构成搭配,但只有一个符合句意。结合后半句“I have to pay him back tomorrow”可以推断出”我欠他钱”,故答案为C。

【例题2】When they heard the good news,all of the people in the city held a great party to

victory.

A.celebrate

B.congratulate .C.memorize D.receive 【解题指导】解题的关键是抓住句中的关键词victory。

【解析】A。句意:听到这个好消息,这个城市的所有人都举行晚会来庆祝胜利。celebrate和congratulate都有”庆祝,祝贺”的意思,但celebrate后接事情,如节日、胜利以及其他一些令人高兴的事情,而congratulate后接人,常常构成congratulatesb.on sth.,本句的宾语是victory,因此用celebrate,故答案为A。

动词短语辨析近三年全国各地区高考考查这些短语动词的题目多达24道。

【例题3】Never

,or you will leave something unfinished and feel sorry for it. A.give away

B.give out

C.give in

D.give up 【解题指导】一些搭配能力很强的词,如look,give,turn,go,come,take等与副词/介词in,into,out,away,off,on等构成的短语也是高考考查的重中之重。注意掌握同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配的用法。

【解析】D。根据后半句“不然你会半途而废,并会因此而后悔”可以推知,前半句的意思是劝说听话人不要”放弃”,故答案为D。give away”泄露,赠送”;give out”放出(热、光等),发出”;give in”屈服”,均不符合句意。

【例题4】The plan

just because people were unwilling to cooperate. A.put down

B.pulled down C.turned down

D.broke down 【解题指导】注意掌握同一个介词或副词与不同动词的搭配的用法。

【解析】D。句意:就因为人们不愿合作。这个计划失败了。break down“失败”,符合句意。put down“记下”,pull down“拆毁”,turn down“(音量)关小,拒绝”。

【例题5】Doing science exercises often

most of the students’spare time.

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A.brings up

B.takes up

C.break out D.give out 【解题指导】注意掌握四个选项中的动词各不相同,但有两个介词或副词相同的搭配的用法。【解析】B。take up”占用(时间或空间)”,符合句意。bring up”抚养”;breakout”爆发”;give out”放出(热、光等),发出”。

三、【考点在线】

考点

一、考查动词词义辨析

这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题,必须明确各个动词的词义和用法,然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。

例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.A.hired

B.dismissed C.refused

D.employed 【解析】四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与worker构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in economy可知,只有B项符合题意。

考点

二、考查近义动词辨析

这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题,必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。

例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。A.injured

B damaged C.harmed

D.destroyed 【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害,损害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看,答案为A。考点

三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配

英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时,解答的关键是弄清题意,然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。

例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.A.bought

B.come C.thrown

D.appeared 【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露,将„„曝光”是come to light,故答案为B。

考点

四、考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配

英语中有些动词后跟宾补时,有其固定搭配,如let/have/make sb.do sth.,get/force sb.to do sth.,allow/permit/forbid sb.to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构,找到作宾补的不定式,然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to,最后确定该用什么动词。

例The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home.Love, Joey.” A.advising

B.suggesting C.letting

D.making 【解析】分析句子结构可知,空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式,作everyone的宾语补足语,由此可排除A项;suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补,更不用说无to的不定式,由此排除B项;let作为使役动词时,无进行时态,也排除;只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的,所以答案为D。考点

五、考查系动词

动词作系动词用时,后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等,此时动词没有进行时和被动

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语态。这类动词有:appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的答案。例The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.A.seen

B.to be seen C.seeing

D.to see 【解析】 题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察。”由题意可知,remain在此是用作系动词,且see这一动作还没有发生,答案锁定在B和D中间;the effect和see之间是被动关系,所以答案为B。

【备考提示】1.全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识。高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功。 2.着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力。近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查。 考点

六、考查同根动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。

例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A.set out

B.set off C.set in

D.set up 【解析】分析题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知,空缺处应该是“表达;解释”之意,而四个选项中只有set out有此意,故答案为A。

考点

七、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。

例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.A.drop out

B.come out C.leave out

D.stay out 【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时,我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知,空缺处应该是“辍学”之意,四个选项中,只有A项的drop out有此意,故答案为A。

例Take care during the holidays!Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A.contribute to

B.relate to C.attend to

D.devote to 【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“导致”之意,四个选项中,只有A项contribute to有此意,故答案为A。考点

八、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思,选出符合题意的动词短语。

例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A.give out

B.take in C.show off

D.carry on 【解析】分析题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“炫耀;展示”之意,故答案为C。考点

九、考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析

这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词,但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语;要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时,弄清题意诚然重要,但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to,切忌想当然。例—Do you know the plan his daughter will _______ spread a lot? —Really? I don’t know it yet.A.get down to

B.come up to C.live up to

D.look up to 【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗?”“真的?我还不知道。”四个选项中,get down to,“着手做”;come up to,“不亚于;相等”;live up to,“不辜负;达到高标准”;look up to,“尊敬”。由此可知,只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句,修饰先行词the plan。例 “I can’t _______ your rudeness any more,leave the room,”shouted Mary.(2009武汉调研)

A.put up to

B.put up from C.put up into

D.put up with 【解析】分析题意为“‘我再也不能忍受你的粗鲁了,滚出去’,玛丽大声喊道。”从题意可知,空缺处应该是“忍受”之意,四个选项中,只有D项中的put up with有此意,故选D。【备考提示】1.全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识。高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功。 2.着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力。近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查。

四、【易错点睛】

易错角度 考查特定语境中常用动词的基本用法和意义;常见近义词的辩异,拼写相似动词的辩异及习惯搭配等。

1.We went to canda to travel and my cousin

as our guide.A.played

B.showed

C.acted

D.performed 【错解】 A 【纠错心得】 本题很容易因为熟悉play a part/role这个短语而误选A。根据题意是“担当,充当我们的导游”的含义,因此填act as,相当于serve as.【答案】 C 2.He is such a man who is always fault with other peopel.A.putting

B.seeking

C.finding

D.1ookingfor 【错解】

B或D 【纠错心得】 除了选项A之外,其余三个选项似乎都符合题意。其中seek是新课标中的重点词汇,表示“寻找,找到或得到某事物,常与介词after或for连用”,短语 seek sth.from sb.表示“向某人寻求某事”的含义。而本题中find fault with sb./sth.是固定搭配,意思是“找某人(或某事物)的错;埋怨某人(或某事物)”。【答案】 C

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3.Every body in the village like Jack because he is good at telling and

jokes.A.turnin up

B.putting up

C.making up

D.showing up 【错解】

D或A 【纠错心得】 根据句意“因为他善长于编故事和讲故事。村子里的人都喜欢Jack,”短语make up有“组成、构成”的意思。turn up“露面来到”;put up,建造,展示某物; show up,到来,出现 【答案】 C 4.We thought of selling this old furniture ,but we’ved ecided to

it.It might be valuable.A.hold on to

B.keep up with

C.turn to

D.look after 【错解】

D 【纠错心得】 解答本题的关键首先要熟悉给予的动词词组各自的含义及用法。平时在复习、学习中要对动词及动词短语多积累。学生可能知道“hold on”的含义“候着,别挂(电话)”,但不知“hold on to”,其含义为“坚持,继续;不放弃,不卖掉”。根据题意“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉,但是我们决定还是不卖掉它。它可能有价值。”而B项keep up with“跟上”;C项turn to意为“转向;而„„求助”;D项look after“照顾”,故答案为A.【答案】A 专家会诊

1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考,所涉及到的动词知识都是常用,的常见的。

2.平时要进行大量的阅读,在阅读中去理解动语短语get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold, keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。

3.多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。

五、【高考母题】

1.(2010高考英语浙江卷,12)After that, he knew he could ______ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.A.get away with

B.get on with C.get through

D.get across 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。在此之后,他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。get through“度过(艰难等)”,符合语意。get away with表示“偷走,受到从轻发落”;get on with表示“与……和睦相处”;get acroos表示“被传达,被理解”,都与语意不符。

2.(2010高考英语浙江卷,4)The majority of people in the town strongly ______ the plan to build a playground for children.A.consider

B.support

C.confirm

D.submit 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。分析四个选项的意思:consider考虑,思考,认为等;support支持,拥护,维持;confirm证实,确认;submit使屈服,使经受。根据语境:镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。

3.(2010高考英语天津卷,12)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and

as a manager.A.ended up

B.dropped out

C.came back

D.started off 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语。end up意为“最终成为”;drop out意为“退出,退学”;come back意

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为“返回,回来”;start off意为“出发,开始”。句意为:作为职员进入公司,他很快升职,并最终成为经理。

4.(2010高考英语天津卷,1)He telephoned the travel agency to______ three air tickets to London.A.order

B.arrange

C.take

D.book 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为:“他给旅行社打电话预定去伦敦的飞机票”,A项为“预定”,指预定座位或货物;B项意为“安排”;C项意为“拿,买”;D项意为“预定,登记”,指约定票,故选D。

5.(2010高考英语四川卷,19)If you have a job,______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. A.do devote

B.don't devote

C.devoting

D.not devoting 【答案】A 【解析】考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。此处应是祈使句,又又谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do,故选A。句意为:“如果你有了一份工作,付出努力去做,最后你定能成功。”

6.(2010高考英语四川卷,8)Jenny was looking for a seat when,luckily,a man______

and left.

A.took up

B.got up

C.shut up

D.set up 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组。get up意为“起床,起立”。句意为“Jenny正在找一个座位,正在那时,很幸运的,一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。A项意为“从事,占据时间或空间”,C项为“闭嘴”;D意为“建造,搭起”。

7.(2010高考英语四川卷,6)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what¬

nice.A.looks

B.smells

C.feels

D.tastes 【答案】A

【解析】考查系动词辨析。与上句中的eat with their eyes相对,后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。

8.(2010高考英语陕西卷,14)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must ______ you, I suppose.A.agree with

B.agree to

C.agree on

D.agree about

【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。你看起来气色不错。我想,三亚的空气和海鲜肯定很适合你。agree with sb表示“适应”,主语常为气候、食物等,符合语境。agree to sth表示同意某事(主语为单方);agree on和agree about意思基本一样,都表示“就/关于……取得了一致的意见”,主语为协商某件事情的双方或多方。

9.(2010高考英语山东卷,27)Sam ______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A.brought up

B.looked up

C.picked up

D.set up 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up;pick up另外还有“捡起;顺车接送,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始;获得”等义;bring up 表示“抚养,教育;提出;呕吐”;look up 表示“向上看;(形势)好转,改善;查阅”;set up表示“建立,设置;造成,产生”。

10.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,32)The new movie ______ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A.promises B.agrees

c.pretends D.declines

【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。语意:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。promise to be表示“有希望成为……”,符合语意。agree to do“同意做某事”;pretend to be“假装是……”;decline to do“拒绝做某事”。

11.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,28)Thousands of people______ _ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.A.turned on

B.turned in

C.turned around

D.turned out 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn on“打开”;turn in“上交,归还”;turn around“转身,转换方向”;turn out“出席(某项活动),在场”。语意为:成千上万的人到现场观看昨天与爱尔兰的那场比赛。根据语意选D项。

12.(2010高考英语江西卷,24)Parents ______ much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A attach

B pay

C link

D apply 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。attach much importance to非常重视……。

13.(2010高考英语江苏卷,26)The experiment has______ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A.found out

B.pointed out

C.ruled out

D.carried out 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。语意:试验排除了那个星球上存在生命的可能,但是这并不意味着其他星球上没有生命。rule out表示“排除”。A项表示“查明”,B项表示“指出”,D项表示“实行”,都与所给语境不符。

14.(2010高考英语江苏卷,24)Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.A.attended

B.attained

C.attracted

D.attached 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。语意:在上海世博会开放当天,成千上万的外国人被“吸引”到此处。attend表示“参加”,是及物动词,不必加to,而且要用主动形式,所以A项错误;B项表示“达到”,D项be attached to表示“附属于”,都不符合语境。

15.(2010高考英语湖北卷,29)Had she ______ _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A.looked up to

B.lived up to

C.kept up with

D.come up with 【答案】 B 【解析】考察短语动词辨析。句意为“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言,她就会进入耶鲁大学了。”come up with(追赶上;想出,提出); keep up with(跟上,追上); look up to(抬头看,尊重)。只有B选项“live up to”(履行,实行)符合题意。

16.(2010高考英语湖北卷,28)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.A.resembles

B.strengthens

C.reflects

D.shapes 【答案】C.【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为:就好像一个人穿什么,吃什么,以及和什么样的人交往能

嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

反映人的个性一样,一个人的住房也是如此。C项reflect“反射,照出”在此切合题意。A项resemble“类似,像;”B项strengthen“加强;巩固”和D项shape“塑造,使成形;形成;使符合”与题意相距甚远。

17.(2010高考英语湖北卷,27)Duty is an act or a course of action that people

you to take by social customs, law or religion.A.persuade

B.request

C.instruct

D.expect 【答案】D.【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为:所谓职责,就是大家根据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一种行为或者说是一种做法。D项expect“预料;期望;指望”符合题意。A项persuade“说服,使某人相信”;B项request“礼貌地要求,请求”;C项instruct“命令;教授;指导”与语境不符。

18.(2010高考英语福建卷,34)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained______

abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A.sticking

B.stuck

C.to be stuck

D.to have stuck 【答案】 B 【解析】考察动词用法。remain用作连系动词,接过去分词作表语,表示主语所在的状态或已经发生的被动动作。句意为:“由于火山灰的原因,四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。”该空用过去分词表示主语所处的状态。

19.(2010高考英语福建卷,33)——In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.——I can’t agree more.it’s great to have the two ______

A.linked

B.related

C.connected

D.combined 【答案】

D 【解析】考查动词用法。嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

【解析】考查短语动词。belong to属于;refer to涉及,参考;occur to想到;appeal to意为“对……有吸引力”符合句意“你认为昨晚尼克的表演如何?”“说实话,他的演唱并不太吸引我”。23.(2010高考英语安徽卷,22)No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______ you

wishing they were that high.A.getting rid of

B.getting along with

C.1ooking up to

D.Looking do wn upon 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。get rid of去除;look up to尊敬,赞赏;look down upon瞧不起;get along with相处。根据句意“无论你自己多么看低自己,总会有仰视你的人,希望他到达你这样的高度。”

第三篇:内部资料高考英语语法复习系列-动词时态、被动语态讲与练

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。

常见的有:exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而

一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了

但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.-She has been there.5.瞬间动词join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小时了。

1)“ago法”:He finished the work three hours ago.2)“延续法”:He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3)“since法”:It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。

They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。

I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。

He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式: 1.will/shall do(侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)3.be doing(按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主动和被动

一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已经派人请大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.时间一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。

He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。

二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化

She got married last week.她上周结婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上摔下来,摔死了。

三、主动形式表被动意义 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示开始、结束、运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词

read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink

这类动词一般不单独使用,常用一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。The door won’t lock.这门锁不上。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好。

This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的书没有销路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。This lock won’t catch.这锁锁不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不着。

The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.这录音机不转。The engine won’t start.引擎发动不起来。This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。

The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。

5.介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式,名词前不用冠词。under control(受控制)

under treatment(在治疗中)

under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在讨论中)

under construction(在施工中)

beyond belief(令人难以置信)for sale(出售)

in print(在印刷中)

in sight(在视野范围内)on sale(出售)

on show(展出)

on trial(受审)

out of control(控制不了)

out of sight(超出视线之外)

out of one’s reach(够不着)

The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6. 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:

fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

第四篇:2012届高考英语(第六讲 动词和动词短语)语法精讲精练 教师版

动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。

根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类

(一)实义动词

1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词,表示动作或状态,在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语;不及物动词不跟宾语。例:—What did you think of her speech? —She _______for one hour but didn't ________ much.A.spoke;speak D.said;say

B.spoke;say

C.said;

speak 注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。

It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。He is working hard at English.2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)

延续性动词动作可以延续,可以与一段时间连用。如:live, study, work, stay, keep, have等。

非延续性动词(短暂性动词)动作瞬间完成,不能与一段时间连用。如:finish, come, open, bring, buy等。

用心 爱心 专心

B.continues

C.finishes

D.注意:以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词;“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词;“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。

1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类

Please turn off every light in the house.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)

注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开

She turned off all the lights which had been left on.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。

②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。

③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。

break out爆发 break up打碎;分解 break down出毛病;抛锚;分解;崩溃

①Don’t be so discouraged.If you next time.A.carry on put away 【解析】答案为D。carry on意为“开展、进行”;get back意为“取回,拿回”;break down意为“分解、崩溃”。put away除了有“把„„收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意:别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种情绪(而振作起来),下次你就会做得更好。

②I was still sleeping when the fire _________,and then it spread quickly. A.broke out out 【解析】答案为A。break out意为“发生”符合题意;put out意为“扑灭”;come out意为“出版、出现、出来”;get out意为“(拿)出来”。句意:火灾发生时,B.put out

C.came out

D.got

B.get back

C.break down

D.such feelings, you will do better

用心 爱心 专心

我还在睡觉,然后火势很快蔓延开来。

2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。

②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。look after照料,look at看,look for寻找

①Once a decision has been made,all of us should _______it. A.direct to refer to 【解析】答案为B。stick to意为“坚守(规则、诺言等)”

②It’s the present situation in poor areas that _______much higher spending on education and training.A.answers for for 【解析】答案为C。call for意为“要求”;answer for意为“负责”;provide for意为“供养,为„„做好准备”;plan for意为“为„„作计划/打算”。

3.动词+副词/名词/反身代词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 I look forward to seeing you soon.我盼望不久就见到你。

①I don’t _______rock ‘n’ roll.It’s much too noisy for my taste.A.go after D.go in for 【解析】答案为D。go in for意为“喜欢”;go after意为“追求”;go away with意为“随身带走”;go into意为“从事、参加”。

②Why do we have to ________Joan’s selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others.A.keep up with B.catch up with come up with 【解析】答案为C。keep up with意为“跟着、跟上”;catch up with意为“赶上”;put up with意为“忍受”;come up with意为“想出、提出”。

③You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm.用心 爱心 专心

B.at studying C.to study D.to

break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止 break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚

break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束;断绝关系,(婚姻关系)破裂 break through 突破,克服,挤过去 3.以build为中心的词组

build on / upon 建立在„„上,依赖,指望 build up 增强,增加,增进;建成,振兴 4.以 bring为中心的词组 bring about导致,引起,促使 bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复 bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产 bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止 5.以call为中心的词组 call at 访问(某地),停泊在 care about关心,在乎

call for 需要,要求,接(某人),call in 召集,收集,请入,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on 拜访(某人),号召 call out 大声喊,唤起

call up 打电话给„„;召集;使想起 6.以come为中心的词组 come about发生;改变方向

come across偶然碰到;想起;越过;偿付 come back回来;恢复;复原 come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come into being发生,产生,出现,形成 come into power开始执政,当权,当选 come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行

用心 爱心 专心

get in插话,收割,收获

get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债 get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身 get on 上车

get out出去,离开;逃脱; 泄露;摆脱;拿出来;说出 get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成 get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱 get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格 get to 到达 get up起床,起立 8.以give为中心的词组

give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发 give in屈服,让步,投降 give off发出(烟,气味)

give out vt.分发;公布;发出;使筋疲力尽; vi.用完 give up放弃;停止 9.以go为中心的词组

go /come to sb.’s rescue去/来援救某人 go away走开;离去;(岁月)流逝; go back to 追溯至 go by 经过,过去 go on 继续,接下去

go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休 go over审查,复习,重温从头到尾检查一遍 go up 上升,上涨,攀登 10.以hold为中心的词组

hold back阻挡,妨碍,控制感情,隐瞒不讲 hold down 压制,压低,缩减 hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开

hold on继续;坚持,保持;不挂断电话

用心 爱心 专心

13.以make为中心的词组 make a choice做出选择

make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要 make a fool of愚弄,欺骗 make a will 立下遗嘱

make advantages/use of使用,利用

make it 就这么定了;成功;达到某一特定目标 make oneself understood 让别人理解自己 make out填写;开支票;理解;辨认;弄清楚 make the best/ most of尽量利用;极为重视

make up弥补;修理;赔偿;起草;编造;化装;,配制;占„„比例14.以put为中心的词组

put away 把„„放好,把„„收拾;储藏; put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落 put it表达

put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下 put on穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加 put out 熄灭,扑灭;伸出,拿出

put together 组装,装配,把„„凑合起来 put up搭建;张贴;举起,挂起;投宿,留宿 put up with 忍受,容忍;

put up举起,抬起;建立,竖起;张贴;投宿,put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过 15.以set为中心的词组 be set in 以„„为背景 set about(doing)着手,开始

set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样 set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝 set fire to(= set„on fire)放火烧毁 set off vi.出发; vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)

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carry on坚持,继续,进行 carry out贯彻,执行,实施,完成 catch up with追上,赶上

close down停业;(工厂等)关闭,倒闭 close up暂停营业;关闭;堵塞;(伤口)愈合 deal with对付,处理

die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)divide up分割,瓜分,划分,分配 draw up起草,制订;使靠近;停住 drop out退出,退学

do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费

do without不需要„„也行,不用;不用/吃„„勉强度过earn one’s living挣钱;维持生计 eat up吃完,吃光

end up as 作为„„而结束的意思 end up with 以„„为结束

fight for与„„做斗争;为„„而战 figure out算出;想出;理解;弄清楚 fill up装满,填满 find out查找出(结果)finish up 结果成为;最终到来 fit in相处融洽,合得来

fix up修理,安装,安排,建造,提供 focus upon/on专注于 grow up成长,长大

hand down 把„„传下去;留给; hand out散发,(平均)分发,发给 hang up挂断电话 join up联合起来;连接 lead to通向;导致

用心 爱心 专心

tear down拆毁

use up=run out of用光,用尽 wait on等待,伺候,服伺 warn sb.of警告某人某事

watch out注意,当心;小心谨慎,留意提防 watch over看守,照管,监视

work out算出,想出,制订出;产生出;解决;确定

说明:这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容(这部分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容)。

①Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.A.hired employed 【解析】答案为B。四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与worker构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in economy可知,只有B项符合题意。

②When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。

A.injured

B damaged

C.harmed

D.destroyed

B.dismissed

C.refused D.【解析】答案为A。这四个动词都有“伤害,损害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。

①I it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A.make

B.look

C.take

D.think

415

B.get back

C.get in

D.all kinds of pressure although they

用心 爱心 专心

with 【解析】答案为D。live with和put up with类似在此意为“忍受”。句意:在现代社会,人们尽管过着舒适的生活,但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。

②______a moment and I will go to your rescue. A.Go on on 【解析】答案为B。go on意为“继续”;hold on意为“抓住不放、坚持”;move on意为“继续前进”;carry on意为“继续进行”。根据后句的I will go to your rescue可知,这里应是“坚持住、别松手”。句意:坚持一会儿,我会救你的。

—Have you________ some new ideas? —Yeah.I’ll tell you later.A.come about

B.come into C.come up with

D.come out with

B.Hold on

C.Move on

D.Carry 【解析】答案为C。come about意为“发生”;come into意为“进入、得到”;come up with意为“想出、提出”;come out with意为“发表,公布、说出”。句意:“你想出新的主意了吗?”“是的,我过会儿告诉你。”

The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _______ situations _______ help is needed.A.in;that where 【解析】答案为D。draw/pay attention to意思是“注意;关心”。名词“attention”前可以有“more,little,careful,close,no,some”等形容词修饰,“to”后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where”引导定语从句。句意:媒体常常能帮助解决问题,关注需要帮助的对象。

2009年

1.(全国卷I)I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t A.get along

B.get on C.get to D.用心 爱心 专心

B.to;which C.in;where

D.to;

get

B.strike C.rush D.push

C.turned D.moved

B.break up C.give up D.hold up

mental attitude.A.gets B.makes C.puts D.means 【答案】C 【解析】put it是一个常用语, 表示“表达”的意思,正符合本句意思:Scotti教授经常所说的一样, 成功99%的心度。make it意为“获得成功”。

7.(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven,hut they were all.A.given away B.kept away C.taken up D.used up 【答案】C 【解析】give away意为“泄露,捐赠”;keep away意为“控制在外”;take up意为“占据”;use up意为“用光,用尽”=run out of。句意:我们努力寻找一张能供7人吃饭的桌子,但是所有的桌子都有人占了。

8.(福建卷)We are at your service.Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems.A.beg 【答案】B 【解析】beg意为“乞求,乞讨,恳求”;hesitate意为“犹豫,踌躇”;desire意为“欲望,愿望”;seek意为“试图,要求”。句意:我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时,请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B项。

9.(福建卷)The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action.A.fight for

B.apply for C.call on D.wait on

B.hesitate C.desire D.seek 10.(湖北卷)Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A.look around 【答案】D

B.look into C.look up D.look through

用心 爱心 专心

【解析】该句意思是“你能不能帮我看看这份试卷,看有没有明显的错误?”。look through可表示“检查,浏览”之意。look around意为“环顾”,look into意为“调查”,look up意为“抬头看,查阅”。

11.(湖北卷)During the war there was a serious lack of food.It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ______ bread for days.A.eat up B.give away C.do without D.deal with 【答案】C 【解析】根据上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即或是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”,应选择do without表示“不用/吃„„勉强度过”。eat up意为“吃完”,give away意为“收拾”,deal with意为“应付,处理”。句意:战争时期缺少食品,即使很富有的家庭也不得不将就着连续几天没有面包吃。

12.(湖北卷)The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A.calculated controlled 【答案】A 【解析】根据句意可知此处表示“损失(数据)还没统计„„”,应选择calculated。Considered意为“考虑”,completed意为“完成”,controlled意为“控制”均不符合上下文。

13.(湖北卷)Some parents are just too protective.They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A.spot distinguish 【答案】C 【解析】根据上句Some parents are just too protective.可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护;庇护”。Spot意为“弄脏,认出,发现,定位”,dismiss意为“开除,使解散”,distinguish意为“区别”。

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B.finished up C.divided up

B.look after C.look into

B.spend

C.fill D.B.go up

C.fit in

B.given up

C.set up

【答案】D 【解析】send up意为“发射”;give up意为“放弃,传上去”;set up意为“提出,提议;竖起,升起”;put up意为“张贴”。句意:一个通知被张贴出来,以便告知学生们演讲的新时间。

19.(四川卷)—Have you __________? —No.I had the wrong number.A.got in B.got away through 【答案】D 【解析】get in意为“插话,收割”;get away意为“离开,走开”;get off意为“下车”;get through意为“接通电话,完成,到达,通过”,由此可知该题的答案为D,意思是“你接通电话了吗?”

20.(四川卷)—How about your journey to Mount Emei? —Everything was wonderful except that our car _________ twice on the way.A.slowed down put down 【答案】B 【解析】答语的意思是:一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。break down意为“抛锚”;slow down意为“慢下来”;get down意为“记下,写下”;put down 意为“扑灭”。所以该题的答案为B项。

21.(浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments.A.adapt 【答案】A 【解析】该句的意思是“对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易的适应新的环境。”adapt to 意为“适应”;appeal to 意为“呼吁,使感兴趣”;attach to意为“粘贴,附属于,隶属于”;apply to意为“申请”。所以答案为A项。

22.(浙江卷)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.A.bring up pull up

用心 爱心 专心

B.delivered C.pressed D.packed

B.put up C.put on D.put

C.looking up to

A.appeal B.belong C.refer 【答案】A

D.occur 【解析】appeal to 意为“吸引”;belong to意为“属于”;refer to意为“提到;涉及”;occur to意为“突然想到”。句意:她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。

5.(福建卷)We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do.Let’s it.A.keep up with look forward to 【答案】C 【解析】keep up with意为“保持”;do away with意为“废除,去掉”;get down to意为“着手处理”;look forward to意为“盼望,期待”。句意:我们刚刚搬进大一点的房子,因此有许多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。

6.(福建卷)——In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.——I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two.A.linked B.related combined 【答案】D 【解析】第二句意思为:“我非常赞同。两者相结合非常好。”have sth.done意为“使某事被做”。linked项意为“相联系的”;related意为“有关的”;connected意为“相连接的”;combined项意为“同时做,兼有”。由句中I can’t agree more可知,应选D项,其余三项不符合语境。

7.(湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people you to take by social customs, law or religion.A.persuade D.expect 【答案】D 【解析】expect sb.to do意为“期待/希望某人做某事”。request是一种非常客气的请求。persuade是“说服”的意思,instruct是“指导、指示”的意思。

8.(湖北卷)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.用心 爱心 专心

B.lived up to C.kept up with

C.attracted

B.pointed out C.ruled out

to give their children that priceless gift.A.attach apply 【答案】A 【解析】attach much importance to意为“认为„„很重要;关注=pay much attention to”。句意:家长认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价礼物的。

13.(江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just sweet dreams.A.keep up with D.catch up with 【答案】C 【解析】keep up with意为“保持”;put up with意为“忍受”;end up with意为“以„„为结束”; catch up with意为“赶上”。句意:睡觉前闻闻花的香味,你也许会做上好梦。

14.(辽宁卷)Thousands of people _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.A.turned on D.turned out 【答案】D 【解析】考查短语动词的用法。turn out 有“外出”的意思,而turn on 则是“打开”,turn in“上床睡觉, 上缴”等意思;turn around是“转身”的意思。只有turn out 符合语境。句意:数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。

15.(辽宁卷)The new movie _________to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.A.promises D.declines 【答案】A 【解析】promise除了表示“允诺,答应”外,还有“有„„的希望”的意思;agree是“同意,赞同”的意思;pretend是“假装”的意思;decline是“衰老,衰退”的意思。只有promises符合题意。句意:这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。

16.(山东卷)Sam _______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working

用心 爱心 专心

B.looked up C.picked up D.B.serve

C.adapt D.B.agree to

C.agree on D.A.took up B.got up C.shut up D.set up 【答案】B 【解析】get up意为“起床,起立”。故选B。take up意为“从事,占据时间或空间”;shut up意为“闭嘴”;set up意为“建造,搭起”。句意:Jenny正在找一个座位,正在那时,很幸运地,一个人站起来离开了。

21.(天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to_______ three air tickets to London.A.order B.arrange C.take D.book 【答案】D 【解析】book和tickets搭配,是“订票”的意思。句意:他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。

22.(天津卷)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and _______ as a manager.A.ended up started off 【答案】A 【解析】ended up as 是“作为„„而结束”的意思;dropped out是“退出,退学”的意思;came back是“回来”的意思;started off是“动身,出发”的意思。只有A项符合题意。句意:作为一名职员加入公司,他很快得到提升,最后当上了经理。

23.(浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly __ the plan to build a playground for children.A.consider submit 【答案】B 【解析】consider意为“考虑,思考,认为等”;support意为“支持,拥护,维持”;confirm意为“证实,确认”;submit意为“使屈服,使经受”。句意:镇上的大多数人都积极地支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。

24.(浙江卷)After that, he knew he could ________any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.A.get away with

B.get on with C.get through D.用心 爱心 专心

B.put up with C.turn to

C.fail

B.reminded C.warned D.用心 爱心 专心

D.improve 【答案】B 【解析】direct意为“指示,指引,导演(戏剧或电影),指挥(管弦乐队)”;limit意为“限制”;change意为“改变”;improve意为“改进,改善”。根据句中but的转折,选B。句意:如果我们想要获得成功,知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。

5.(湖北卷)The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never ________ with criminals.” A.negotiate D.consult 【答案】A 【解析】根据句中的“discussions”可知后面的空格是“谈判”,故答案为A。本句意思是:部长说“我们愿意跟任何合法的组织进行会谈,但我们决不会跟罪犯谈判。” negotiate意为“谈判;商谈”;quarrel意为“争吵;吵架”;argue意为“争论;辩论”;consult意为“商量;商讨;咨询”。

6.(湖北卷)Clinical evidence began to _______, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A.operate accumulate 【答案】D 【解析】句中的“a wider range of...”可知证据开始积累,故答案为D。本句意思是:医学证据开始积累,这表明这些新药比起在实验室里在动物身上所做的预测还有着更大范围的益处。operate意为“操作;运行;做手术”;strengthen意为“加强”; approve意为“同意;赞成;批准”;accumulate意为“积累;积聚”。

7.(湖北卷)The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A.take down tear down 【答案】B

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【答案】D 【解析】turned over是“翻书,翻身,翻倒” 的意思;turned on是“开” 的意思;turned off 是“关” 的意思;turned down是“拒绝”的意思。根据句意,应该是“我的建议遭到拒绝”。

12.(安徽卷)As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A.begins 【答案】D 【解析】句意:随着故事的展开,这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。Develop意为“开发, 发展”,“把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来”,根据句意选D项。

13.(安徽卷)If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A.come across upon 【答案】A 【解析】come across是“偶然遇到,碰到、邂逅、发现”的意思;care about意为“关心,在乎”;look for意为“寻找”;focus upon意为“专注于”。句意:如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要,你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。

14.(浙江卷)The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it, A.make the best of B.get away from D.catch up with

C.keep an eye on

B.care about

C.look for

D.focus

B.happens

C.ends

D.develops 15.(浙江卷)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______ at a hotel for the night.A.putting down

B.putting off

C.putting on

D.2

C.pass

D.C.looked after D.held

B.get over C.turn over

D.Internet.A.look up into 【答案】A 【解析】look up意为“查(单词、电话号码等)”;look at意为“看,注视(某人或某物)”;look for意为“寻找”;look into意为“深入地检查,研究,调查”。句意:我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。

20.(辽宁卷)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re ______ to be asleep.A.supposed considered 【答案】A 【解析】out of bed意为“未上床,起床”;be supposed to do意为“应当,应该”。句意:Tom,你不睡觉做什么?你现在应该睡觉。

21.(辽宁卷)You are old enough to _________your own living.A.win B.gain 【答案】D 【解析】句意:你已经到了可以自己谋生的年龄了。earn one’s living意为“挣钱;维持生计”,为固定搭配,还可以说“make one’s living”。

22.(辽宁卷)The exam results will be _____ on Friday afternoon.A.put down D.put away 【答案】C 【解析】put up意为“举起,抬起;建立,竖起;张贴;投宿,留宿”;put down意为“放下;平定,镇压,取缔;记下,写下”;put off意为“延期,推迟;拖延”;put away意为“收起来,放好;储存;关押”。句意:这次考试结果将在星期五下午张贴公布。

23.(天津卷)I _______ a bank account after I made﹩1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowed ordered

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435

B.notice C.watch D.care

B.refreshed C.restored D.B.permitted C.wished D.required

A.accustomed 【答案】B B.accused

C.adjusted

D.charged 【解析】be accused of=be charged with意为“被指控”。

6.More and more young girls are ______ to South Korean soap operas because of the beautiful scenes in them.A adapted B addicted C admitted D affected 【答案】B 【解析】be addicted to 表示“对„„上瘾/入迷”。

7.The headmaster will __________ a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.A.deliver 【答案】A 【解析】解题关键:掌握短语deliver a speech=make a speech意为“做演讲”。8.The two families have________ their disagreements out of court in a friendly way, and this is what all of us expected to see.A.settled

overcame 【答案】A 【解析】句意:两家人在法庭外以友好的方式解决了争端, 这也正是我们所有的人所期望看到的。此处settle表示“解决”。solve虽然也有“解决”之意, 但它的宾语通常是“问题, 疑惑, 奥秘”等, 后两项分别表示“打败”, “克服”, 与所给语境不符。

9.The new policy will ________ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.A.discount benefit 【答案】D 【解析】句意:新政策规定65岁以上的老人乘公交车免费,这使老人们受益。动词benefit意为“使受益,对„„有用”,合乎语境。

10.Speaking of public health, the spokesman says Chinese government will go all out

B.support

C.approve

D.B.solved

C.defeated D.B.address

C.announce

D.declare

用心 爱心 专心

to ________ product quality, especially food safety.A.confirm 【答案】B 【解析】confirm意为“证实,证明,肯定,确认”;commit意为“(就)„„作出保证,承诺”;devote意为“致力于”;ensure意为“确保,担保”。句意:谈到公共健康时,那个发言人说,中国政府将全力以赴确保产品质量,特别是食品安全。

11.The professor’s speech on environment protection was well ________ by the students.A.paid received 【答案】D 【解析】be well received意为“受到欢迎”。句意:教授关于环保的演说受到学生们的欢迎。

12.Drivers, as the traffic rules say, have to stop their cars and wait until the traffic signals

green.A.get become 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查系动词用法的区别。句意:正如交通规则所述,驾驶员要停车等待直到交通信号变绿。

四个系动词都可接形容词表变化,但turn后常接表颜色的形容词。

13.If you keep practising your son in football, he ________to make a famous player.A.wants D.wishes

B.hopes

C.promises

B.grow

C.turn

D.B.made

C.congratulated

D.B.ensure

C.devote

D.commit 【答案】C 【解析】句意:如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练,他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise意为“有前

途,有„„的可能”。

14.What the young man can’t ________is that his mum always treats him like a baby.A.support bear 【答案】D

用心 爱心 专心

用心 爱心 专心

【答案】A 【解析】pick up为“获悉或打听到消息”之意。句意:“我听说Back Street将在新戏院演唱。”“你从何处得到这个消息的?”

20.As I have an important exam tomorrow, I plan to

for study tonight.A.make up up 【答案】B 【解析】make up意为“构成;化妆;弥补”;stay up意为“熬夜;不睡觉”;turn up意为“出现,调大音量”;keep up意为“保持”。句意:因为明天有个重要的考试,所以我计划今天晚上熬夜学习。

21.In order to make as much profit as possible,we must

a lot more new business.A.bring in 【答案】A 【解析】句意:为了赚更多的钱,我们必须引进更多的新业务。bring in意为“吸引,引入”,符合句意。bring about意为“带来,造成”;take in意为“领会;接受;欺骗”;take over意为“接管,接任”。

22.It seems impossible that the old lady who is so seriously ill can ________ this winter.A.live through get through 【答案】A 【解析】句意:看起来老太太病得很严重,度过这个冬天似乎

是不可能的。live

B.go through

C.pass through

D.B.bring about C.take in D.take over

B.stay up C.turn up D.keep through意为“度过”,符合句意。go through意为“通过”;pass through意为“穿过”;get through意为“接通”。

23.—How did it

that you made such a silly mistake? —I myself haven’t figured it out yet.A.bring about come on 【答案】B 【解析】come about意为“发生,产生”,用于How did it come about that...的句

B.come about

C.come across D.用心 爱心 专心

式中,意为“„„怎么发生的?”。bring about意为“使发生,导致”;come across“偶遇,不期而遇”;come on用于督促对方或鼓励对方,意为“赶快,快点”。

24.—When did you staying up so late? —When I entered this school two years ago, where students have too much homework to do.A.take in to 【答案】D 【解析】take to在本句中的意思是“逐渐习惯于做某事”。

25.The volcano erupted violently , yet the village at the foot of it should _________.A.come through through 【答案】A 【解析】句意:那座火山剧烈的喷发而山脚下的那个村庄竟然安然渡过危险。此处come through意为“(安然渡过)危机,疾病等”。

26.—Sorry, sir.If my bike doesn’t , I won’t be late for school again.—What you say is hard to believe.This is the eighth time you have said so.A.work out down 【答案】D 【解析】break down意为“出故障,出毛病”,符合题意。

27.After studying English for four years in a university, Jane her job as an interpreter in the capital.A.set out D.took up 【答案】D 【解析】此处take up意为“从事”。前三项分别表示“出发,开始”“建立”“脱掉,起飞”,都不符合语境。

28.This company is closing up, so lots of workers will be ______.用心 爱心 专心

B.take in C.show off D.B.appeal to

C.attend to

D.B.put up

C.dress up

D.B.come up

C.keep up

D.make

【答案】A 【解析】句意:村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pick up 在本句中意为“好转,恢复”;come up意为“走上前来,发芽,发生”;keep up意为“保持”;make up意为“编造,弥补,化装,构成”。

33.It’s impossible for many people to have more free time because their work ________ much of their time.A.takes up takes in 【答案】A 【解析】take up在本句中的意思是“占据(时空)”。

34.The market was filled with salted fish,________ the worst smell that you can imagine.A.sending off setting off 【答案】B 【解析】句意:市场上到处都是咸鱼,发出你能想象出的最难闻的气味。give off意为“发出,放出(蒸汽、光等)”;send off意为“寄出,派遣”;put off意为“推迟,拖延”;set off意为“出发,动身,使爆炸”。

35.The little child was curious about drawing.He ______ the young man and his hands.A.glared at B.stared at laughed at 【答案】B 【解析】stare at意为“盯着看”; glared at意为“对„„怒目而视”; glanced at意为“对„„匆匆一看/一瞥”; laughed at意为“嘲笑”。句意:小男孩由于对画画好奇所以他盯着年轻人和他的双手看来看去。

36.The most important words in this sentence have been ______, so it doesn’t make any sense.A.left out made out 【答案】A 【解析】此处leave out意为“遗漏”。句意:这个句子中最重要的词被遗漏了,所以没有

B.held out

C.set out

D.C.glanced at

D.B.giving off

C.putting off D.B.takes over

C.takes off

D.用心 爱心 专心

任何意义。

37.We spent many years studying the formation of rocks, experiencing many sufferings and even death.But our hard work _____in the end, and we made it.A.paid off out 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我们的艰苦劳动终于得到回报,我们成功了。pay off意为“偿清,回报”;make up意为

“组成,编造,打扮”;give away意为“分发”; come out意为“出版,事实真相大白”。根据 句意选A项。

38.The ship struggled in the storm and radio signals for help.A.gave off gave in 【答案】B 【解析】句意:那艘船在暴风中挣扎并发无线电信号求助。gave off意为“发出(光、热/气味)”; gave out意为“发出(光、热、信号等)”; gave up意为“放弃”;gave in意为“屈服,让步”。根 据句意选B项。

39.All these documents must be ________the university you are applying for before December, 31.A.donated to handed in 【答案】C 【解析】submit 表示“提交;呈递(文件、建议等)”;donated表示“捐献”,不符合句意;如果选用B项,应该用介词to,不可用in;hand in可以表示“交上,递交,呈送”,其中的in为副词。

40.— Dad, the cat refuses to take medicine.It seems to get angry.B.sent in

C.submitted to D.B.gave out

C.gave up

D.B.made up

C.gave away

D.came

用心 爱心 专心

— Oh, really? It’s dangerous!________its attack!A.Watch out for Look out 【答案】A 【解析】watch out for表示“留意,留心,密切注意”;look after=take care of(照看,B.Look after

C.Take care of D.照顾)不符合句

意;look out不能接宾语。故选A项。

1-5ACAAD 6-10ABDDA 11-15BCADB 16-20CBADD 21-25CAABD 26-30BAAAA 31-35BBACB 36-40BBBAB 41-45ACBAA 46-50BCBBB

用心 爱心 专心

第五篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第4讲动词与动词短语

第4讲 动词与动词短语

1.Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏,25)A.held out

C.picked out 答案 B 解析 句意为:在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出,坚持;bring out使显现,使表现出;pick out挑选出,辨认出;give out分发,发出。2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30)A.shape

C.stretch

答案 A 解析 句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。

3.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5)A.settle down

C.get up

答案 A 解析 句意为:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down),结婚成家,生儿育女。keep off使避开,不接近;get up起床,站起来;cut in插嘴,打断别人说话。

4.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏,25)A.approach

C.compromise

答案 C 解析 句意为:他不轻易妥协,但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。

5.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏,30)

B.wrestle D.communicate B.keep off D.cut in B.switch D.sharpen B.brought out D.given out A.fallen off

C.turned off

答案 B

B.taken off D.left off 解析 句意为:由于良好的创业环境,许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功,起飞,符合句意。fall off跌落,下降;turn off关掉;leave off停止(做)某事,戒掉,均不符合题意。6.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏,33)A.gain admission to

C.take advantage of

答案 C 解析 句意为:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to获准进入;keep track of与……保持联系;give rise to引起,导致,均不符合题意。

7.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8)A.divide

C.control

答案 A 解析 句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。divide分开;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。根据句意可知选A。

8.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12)A.carried away

C.cut off

答案 C 解析 句意为:当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走,夺走;break down抛锚,垮掉;cut off切断,隔离;bring up抚养,提出。根据句意可知选C。

9.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited

C.reflected

答案 C 解析 句意为:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映,B.reserved D.spoiled B.broken down D.brought up B.reject D.abandon B.keep track of D.give rise to 体现,符合语境。limit限制;reserve预订,保留;spoil毁掉,溺爱。

10.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to

C.turned a deaf ear to

答案 A 解析 句意为:玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”,符合语境。keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻;set foot on进入,参观。

11.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津,14)A.carry on

C.turn down

答案 A 解析 句意为:我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙,没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行,继续”,符合语境。break into打断,闯入;turn down调低,拒绝;cut off停止,中断。

12.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22)A.accelerate

C.perform

答案 D 解析 句意为:学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform执行;develop发展。

13.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏,27)A.apply to

C.appeal to

答案 B 解析 句意为:大学开始开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于,申请;cater for 迎合,满足所需;appeal to 呼吁,上诉;hunt for 搜寻。

14.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏,29)A.wait on

C.count on

B.focus on D.call on B.cater for D.hunt for B.improve D.develop B.break into D.cut off B.kept an eye on D.set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意为:整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍,等待;focus on 集中于,关注;count on依靠,指望;call on 拜访,号召,呼吁。15.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce

C.process

答案 C 解析 句意为:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工,处理,符合语境。produce生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。

16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to ________ on the sea?(2015·浙江,16)A.float

C.shrink

答案 A 解析 句意为:如果钢铁比水重的话,那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上?float漂浮,符合语境。drown淹没,(使)溺死;shrink(使)收缩,(使)缩小;split(使)裂开,(使)破裂。17.If you come to visit China,you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽,22)A.develop

C.substitute

答案 D 解析 句意为:如果你来访问中国,你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发;create创造;substitute替代;experience经历,体验。

18.The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北,23)A.face

C.raise

答案 D 解析 句意为:这个团队正在努力分析这个问题,以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知,在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对;prevent阻止;raise提高。

19.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北,24)A.whisper

C.declare

B.signal D.complain B.prevent D.analyze B.create D.experience B.drown D.split B.pronounce D.download 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了不让别人听到自己的声音,她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知,她只是竖起手指示意,并没有出声。signal意为“示意”,所以答案选B项。whisper低语;declare宣布;complain抱怨。

20.If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津,11)A.convince

C.avoid

答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话,你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教,咨询,找(医生)诊治,符合语境。convince使相信,使明白;avoid避免;affect影响。

B.consult D.affect

1.有些动词,如feel,look,taste等,既可用作系动词,又可用作实义动词,怎么判断呢?系动词常跟形容词作表语;实义动词则常用副词作状语;系动词一般不用进行时,但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时,可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)2.run out/run out of的区别:run out是不及物动词短语,无被动语态,主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词;run out of是及物动词短语,相当于use up,主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。

3.具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”:

ache渴望;address在……上写地址;appreciate理解,意识到;count有价值;cover足以支付;develop逐渐形成;draw推断出;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰退;invite招致;observe遵守,庆祝;push督促;promise预示;part分手,放弃;read写着;relate讲述;say假设;walk遛等。

4.常见的基础词汇如get,take,put,break,look,call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如:If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配,意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝,隔离”。

1.Roger trained hard for the tournament for months,but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考,32)A.pull out

C.try out

答案 A 解析 句意为:Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月,但不幸的是,由于膝伤,他不得不退出。work out计算出,锻炼;try out试验,选拔;give out散发,分发,用完。pull out退出,(使)离开,符合语境,故选A项。

2.If you want to go further in the new sport,the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,22)A.dive in C.catch on

答案 A 解析 句意为:如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远,最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入,符合句意。drop out退出,辍学;catch on流行起来;spring up突然出现。故选A项。

3.If you manage to survive the crisis,think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末,30)A.give up

C.hold up

答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你设法在危机中幸存下来,思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受,拿起,举起,占据(空间或时间),开始从事,符合句意。give up放弃;hold up举起,支撑,耽搁,延误;put up举起,升起,设立,建造,提供住宿,张贴,悬挂。故选B项。4.You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers;their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,27)A.distinguish

C.adjust

答案 B 解析 句意为:你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起,他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起,使有关系,符合题意。distinguish区别,区分;adjust调整,校准;divorce离婚,使分离。

B.associate D.divorce B.take up D.put up B.drop out D.spring up B.work out D.give out 5.Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness,but living alone ________ me,for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,30)A.caters to

C.appeals to

答案 C 解析 句意为:和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感,但独居对我更有吸引力,因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力,符合句意。cater to款待,为……服务;refer to参考,指的是;respond to响应,回应。

6.As its economy is maturing,China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模,30)A.defining

C.guaranteeing

答案 B 解析 句意为:随着经济的成熟,在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义,使明确;guarantee保证,担保;assure保证,确保。均不符合语境。assume承担,呈现,假定,认为,assume a greater role承担更大的作用,符合题意,故选B项。7.The recently released film Kong:Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模,35)A.transports

C.transforms

答案 A 解析 句意为:最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节,适应;transform使改观,使变形;relate联系,均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”,符合语境,故选A项。

8.In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app,students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.reveal

C.preview

答案 C 解析 句意为:在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中,学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知,此处指预先进行实验,preview预展,预演,符合语境。故选C项。

9.The Palace of Versailles,France’s national treasure,has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,23)

B.reserve D.provide B.adjusts D.relates B.assuming D.assuring B.refers to D.responds to A.gone through

C.led to

答案 A

B.taken on D.showed off 解析 句意为:凡尔赛宫,法国的国宝,在它一个世纪的历史中,经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现,接纳;lead to导致;show off炫耀。go through经历,经受,此处注意动宾搭配,go through changes经历变化,符合语境,故选A项。

10.Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition,publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,31)A.taking up

C.breaking up

答案 A 解析 句意为:得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出,有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据;divide up分割;break up解散;put up提出。根据句意可知,答案为A。

11.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities;it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研,23)A.involve

C.associate

答案 A 解析 句意为:友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动;它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果),符合句意。request要求,请求;associate联系,联想;deliver递送,运送,发表(讲话),接生。

12.I think the experiment supports my theory,but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研,27)A.get over

C.hand over

答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为这个实验支持我的理论,但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查,温习,复习,符合句意。get over克服,战胜,恢复;take over接收,接管,控制;hand over交给,递给,移交。13.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh,what a shame!(2017·南京、盐城一模,29)A.smile on

C.see through

B.concentrate on D.live through B.take over D.go over B.request D.deliver B.dividing up D.putting up 答案 A 解析 句意为:——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦,真可惜!smile on对……加以称赞,对……青睐,符合句意。concentrate on专心于……,集中精力在……上;see through看穿,识破;live through经历过,经受住,经历……而幸存。

14.The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模,31)A.discriminate

C.negotiate

答案 A 解析 句意为:20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视,区别,辨别;conclude断定,结束;negotiate协商,谈判;compensate弥补,补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字,符合题意,故选A项。15.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes,but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,25)A.make his way

C.give his way

答案 B 解析 句意为:——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的,但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进,行进;get one’s way随心所欲,为所欲为;没有give one’s way这种形式,只有give way to “给……让路,被……所取代”;feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。

16.A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen,thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,27)A.identify

C.combine

答案 D 解析 句意为:最近一项研究显示,吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力,从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定;correspond对应;combine结合;interfere干扰。故选D。17.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.given off B.worked out C.set off D.put out 答案 C 解析 句意为:人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4:1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出;work out算出;set off动身,引起;put out

B.correspond D.interfere B.get his way D.feel his way B.conclude D.compensate 熄灭。故选C。

18.In time of anger,do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,25)A.releasing

C.refreshing

答案 A 解析 句意为:在气愤时心疼一下自己,找个僻静处散散心,宣泄宣泄,不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。release释放;recover恢复,再生;refresh恢复精神;recycle回收利用。19.You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A.accustomed

C.entitled

答案 C 解析 句意为:如果你从来没有工作过的话,就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯;resign辞职;submit屈服,投降。entitle使符合资格,entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利,符合语境,故选C项。

20.By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A.release

C.reveal

答案 C 解析 句意为:通过把这个理论应用于这个问题,我们能够去除细节,使简单的模式显现出来。release释放,发布;reject拒绝,排斥;replace代替。reveal显示,揭示,符合题意,故选C项。

B.reject D.replace B.resigned D.submitted B.recovering D.recycling

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