平安夜的由来与传统 中英对照介绍

第一篇：平安夜的由来与传统 中英对照介绍

平安夜的由来与传统

简介：平安夜（Silent Night），即圣诞前夕（Christmas Eve，12月24日），在大部分基督教国家是圣诞节节日之一，但现在，由于中西文化的融合，已成为世界性的一个节日。平安夜传统上是摆设圣诞树的日子，但随着圣诞节的庆祝活动提早开始进行，例如美国在感恩节后，不少圣诞树早在圣诞节前数星期已被摆设。延伸发展至今平安夜不仅是指12月24日晚了，指的是圣诞前夕，特指12月24日全天，但由于一般节日氛围在晚上容易调动起来，大型活动都集中在晚上，固被称作平安夜，更加贴切。届时，千千万万的欧美人风尘仆仆地赶回家中团聚。圣诞之夜必不可少的庆祝活动就是聚会。大多数欧美家庭成员团聚在家中，共进丰盛的晚餐，然后围坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，弹琴唱歌，共叙天伦之乐；或者举办一个别开生面的化妆舞会，通宵达旦地庆祝圣诞夜是一个幸福、祥和、狂欢的平安夜、团圆夜。期待着圣诞节的到来，据说圣诞之夜，圣诞老人会悄悄地给孩子们准备礼物放在长筒袜里。

Christmas Eve is the evening before Christmas Day, the widely celebrated annual holiday.It occurson December 24 in Western Christianity and the secular world, and is considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society, where it is widely observed, by Christians and by many others, as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day.Christmas celebrations have long begun on the night of the 24, due in part to the Christianliturgical day starting at sunset, a practice inherited from Jewish tradition and based on the story of Creation in the Book of Genesis: “And there was evening, and there was morning – the first day.” Many churches still ring their church bells and hold prayers in the evening;for example, the Nordic Lutheran churches.Since tradition holds that Jesus was born at night(based in Luke 2:6-8), Midnight Mass is celebrated on Christmas Eve, traditionally at midnight, in commemoration of his birth.The idea of Jesus being born at night is reflected in the fact that Christmas Eve is referred to as Heilige Nacht(Holy Night)in German, Nochebuena(the Good Night)in Spanish and similarly in other expressions of Christmas spirituality, such as the song “Silent Night, Holy Night”.Many other varying cultural traditions and experiences are also associated with Christmas Eve around the world, including the gathering of family and friends, the singing of Christmas carols, the illumination and enjoyment of Christmas lights, trees, and other decorations, the wrapping and/or opening of gifts, and general preparation for Christmas Day.Legendary Christmas gift-bearing figures including Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind, and Saint Nicholas are also often said to depart for their annual journey to deliver presents to children around the world on Christmas Eve, although until the Protestant introduction of Christkind in 16th-century Europe, such figures were said to instead deliver presents on the eve of Saint Nicholas' feast day(December 6).重点解析 Key Phrases/Words 1.occur(v.)发生，出现，存在

2.Western Christianity 西方基督教(拉丁语:Ecclesiae Occidentales)3.secular(adj.)现世的，俗界的;长期的，长久的;不朽的;一世纪一次的4.Christendom and Western society 基督教和西方社会 5.in anticipation of 期待着„；预计到„ 6.due in part to 因为...的原因 7.liturgical(adj.)正礼拜仪式的 8.Jewish tradition 犹太传统

9.in commemoration of(adv.)纪念 10.varying(adj.)不同的，变化的

11.be associated with 和...联系在一起，与...有关

12.illumination(n.)照明;阐明，解释清楚;物照度;彩饰，图案花饰 13.Santa Claus 圣诞老人

14.depart for(v.)出发去（某地）15.deliver(v.)发表;递送;交付;16.Protestant(n.)新教教徒(adj.)新教教徒的;新教的

17.Saint Nicholas' feast day 圣尼古拉斯节（每年的12月6日是欧洲传统的“圣·尼古拉斯日”（St.Nikolas day）。传说每年的这一天，尼古拉斯都会给孩子们带来糖果和小礼物，而他的随从克拉普斯（Krampus）则会惩罚那些这一年中做了坏事的孩子。）节日：圣诞节为什么要有袜子？

It is said that there was a goodness man went broke his domain.He lived a hard life and he had three daughters.The three daughters were being married but he didn't have money to buy dower for his daughters.传说有个心地善良的没落贵族，生活非常艰难。三个女儿快要出嫁了，他为没有钱给她们买嫁妆而难过。

On the happy Chrismas Eve, three girls went to be dearly.They didn't know that their father was so worried。

喜庆的圣诞夜，三个姑娘早早地蜷在炕上睡觉了，剩下父亲在长吁短叹。

At last the Chrismas father decided to help them.He be sprinkled gold through the stack and the gold fell into the socks of the man's daughters.They lived a happy life from then on...Chrismas socks was origined by this。圣诞老人决定帮助他们。他在他们家的烟囱里撒下了许多金子，落进姑娘们烤在火炉旁的长统丝袜里。从此，他们过上了幸福而快乐的生活„„圣诞节的袜子就这样产生。

圣诞节知识大扫盲

1.圣诞节的来历是什么？

In Christianity, Christmas is the festival celebrating the Nativity of Jesus, the Christian belief that the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament's Messianic prophecies was born to the Virgin Mary。

在基督教的传统中，圣诞节是为庆祝基督耶稣降生的节日。基督教徒相信，弥赛亚告知圣母玛利亚孕育了上帝的儿子耶稣。2.传统的圣诞习俗有哪些？

Even in countries where there is a strong Christian tradition, Christmas celebrations can vary markedly from country to country.For many Christians, a religious service plays an important part in the recognition of the season.Secular processions, featuring Santa Claus and other seasonal figures are often held.Family reunions and the exchange of gifts are a widespread feature of the season。圣诞习俗国与国之间非常不同。对基督教徒来说，在圣诞节举行相应的宗教仪式必不可少。世俗的传统，通常包含圣诞老人和其他节日特征。家庭会在这一天团聚、互换礼物。

3.各国的圣诞大餐都吃些啥？

A special Christmas family meal is an important part of the celebration for many, but what is actually served can vary greatly from country to country.In England, and countries influenced by its traditions, a standard Christmas meal would include turkey, potatoes, vegetables, sausages and gravy, followed by Christmas pudding or mince pies.In Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, fish often provides the traditional main course, but richer meat such as lamb is increasingly served.Ham is the main meal in the Philippines, while in Germany, France and Austria, goose and pork are favored.Beef, ham and chicken in various recipes are popular throughout the world。

和习俗一样，各国的圣诞大餐也有差别。在英国，和英语文化圈，标准的圣诞大餐通常包括火鸡、土豆、蔬菜、香肠和肉汁，以圣诞布丁或碎肉派结尾；在波兰等东欧国家、包括斯堪的纳维亚半岛，鱼是圣诞餐的主菜，不过近年来类似羊肉的红肉也越来越盛行；火腿是菲律宾的主菜；在德国、法国和澳洲，鹅和猪肉是人们喜爱的菜肴；另外的，牛肉、火腿和鸡肉的菜肴在全球的圣诞菜单上都很流行。4.圣诞的传统装饰都有哪些？

Since the 19th century, the poinsettia, a native plant from Mexico, has been associated with Christmas.Other popular holiday plants include holly, mistletoe, red amaryllis, and Christmas cactus.Along with a Christmas tree, the interior of a home may be decorated with these plants, along with garlands and evergreen foliage.In Australia, North and South America, and Europe, it is traditional to decorate the outside of houses with lights and sometimes with illuminated sleighs, snow-men, and other Christmas figures.The traditional colors of Christmas are pine-green(evergreen)，snow white, and heart red。

自19世纪开始，一品红，一种原产于墨西哥的植物就和圣诞节联系起来。其他流行的圣诞装饰植物还包括冬青树、懈寄生(拜痞子蔡所赐相信大家都知道了那个著名的关于亲吻的故事)、红色宫人草和蟹爪兰。它们和圣诞树、花环、绿叶一起用以装饰房间。在澳洲、南北美和欧洲，还有用灯泡、发光的雪橇、雪人和其他圣诞人物装饰屋子外部的传统。圣诞节最传统的装饰颜色是青色、雪白和大红。

5.圣诞赞歌有什么来源吗？ In the thirteenth century, in France, Germany, and particularly, Italy, a strong tradition of popular Christmas songs in the native language developed.Christmas carols in English first appear in 1426.The songs we know specifically as carols were originally communal songs sung during celebrations like harvest tide as well as Christmas。

13世纪，法国德国、特别是在意大利，用当地语言写成的圣诞歌开始流行起来。第一首英语的圣诞赞歌写于1426年。现在为我们所熟知的那些圣诞赞歌应该是和丰收节的传统一

第二篇：寒食节由来中英对照

The “Cold Food” Festival

寒食节

清明节是一个祭祀祖先的节日，也是农历二十四节气之一，一般在每年的4月4日至6日之间。清明过后，气温升高，雨水增多，正是春耕春种的大好时节。

Qing Ming Festivalis a time to offer sacrifices to our ancestors,which is also one of the the 24 solar terms,generally takes place from four to six of April every year.After Qing Ming Festival, it is golden chance for spring ploughing because of the moderate temperature and sufficient rain.寒食节是清明节的前一天，禁烟火，只吃冷食。传说这个节日是为了纪念春秋时期的介子推。介子推是晋国的大夫，在公子重耳手下做事。在一次宫廷斗争之后，重耳被迫带着麾下幕僚逃亡列国。流亡期间，他们吃尽了苦头。为了救活快要饿死的重耳，介子推割下了自己腿上的肉，煮给他吃。然而，历经艰辛最终复国之后，重耳却把介子推的救命之恩抛诸脑后。介子推自此隐退，与母亲隐居深山。

The “cold food” festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming Festivaland on this very day, fireworks were forbidden,every house must eat cold food.It's said that this festival was to commemorate Jie Zitui of Spring and Autumn Period.Jie Zitui is a bureaucrat,working for Jin prince Chong'er.After a conflict, Jin prince Chong'er ran away from the country with his supporters due to persecution.They had suffered hunger and other difficulties during his exile.Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of flesh on his own leg.When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he forgot his faithful follower Jie Zitui.So he led a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.重耳自觉有愧，遂亲自前往山中寻找介子推。可是谷深林密，无迹可寻，于是下令焚山，要逼介子推出山。可是他终究没有出现。后来，有人发现他和母亲相拥死去，还留下血书：“割肉奉主尽丹心，但愿主公常清明”。为了纪念介子推，重耳下令在这一天各家各户都不得生火，只可吃冷食。

Jin prince Chong'er felt guilty of it, so he himself headed to the mountains and searched Jie Zitui.But the mountains were too dense to find.Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire.To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and burnt to death hugging with his mother.And a blood-letter left for him which reads:“Cutting flesh only for lord, hoping owner always Qing Ming.”To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires of every house to be put out and only cold food allowed on the anniversary of Jie's death.如今，清明节前夕熄灭灶火的习俗已不复存在，但植柳、祭祖、扫墓的习惯一直流传至今。清明节期间，人们纷纷举家前去扫墓，祭拜已故的先人。

Nowadays, putting out cooking fires before Qing Ming Festivalwas not exist any more.But planting willow trees, ancestor worship, sweeping the graves were still popular.People often go to sweep the graves of their departed saints.清明节向来是艺术家钟爱的创作话题。北宋画家张择端绘制的《清明上河图》是中国的国宝级文物。这一绢本画卷现存于北京故宫博物院。画面充满生机：熙熙攘攘的道路，热闹的集市，生机勃勃的村落，摩肩接踵的城市街道。画面上有五百多人，以及几十种不同的动物、车辆、轿子、桥梁和船只，生动地再现了清明节期间喧闹的节日气氛。

Artists are keen on the topic of QingMing Festival, 'Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival' ,which is a national-treasure cultural relic, drawn by Zhang Zerui of North Song dynasty.This treasure was kept in the Palace Museum of Beijing.You may enjoy a vivid life through it: hustling and bustling road, busy market, vigorous village, narrow streets.There are over 500 marketers and dozens of animals, wheel carriages, sedan chairs,bridges, and ships,which all present a holiday atmosphere during Qing Ming Festival.

第三篇：中秋节的由来中英对照

“Zhong Qiu Jie”, which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.It is a time for family members and loved ones to congregate and enjoy the full moon-an auspicious symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their brightly-lit lanterns.农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。此时，大人们吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着兔子灯尽情玩耍。

“Zhong Qiu Jie” probably began as a harvest festival.The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.中秋节最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。后来，月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了它神话色彩。

According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it.One day, all 10 suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat.The earth was saved when a strong archer, Hou Yi, succeeded in shooting down 9 of the suns.Yi stole the elixir of life to save the people from his tyrannical rule, but his wife, Chang-E drank it.Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom young Chinese girls would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.传说古时候，天空曾有10个太阳。一天，这10个太阳同时出现，酷热难挡。弓箭手后翌射下了其中9个太阳，拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不死药，却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下。此后，每年中秋月圆之时，少女们都要向月宫仙女嫦娥祈福的传说便流传开来。

In the 14th century, the eating of mooncakes at “Zhong Qiu Jie” was given a new significance.The story goes that when Zhu Yuan Zhang was plotting to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty started by the Mongolians, the rebels hid their messages in the Mid-Autumn mooncakes.Zhong Qiu Jie is hence also a commemoration of the overthrow of the Mongolians by the Han people.在14世纪，中秋节吃月饼又被赋予了一层特殊的含义。传说在朱元璋带兵起义推翻元朝时，将士们曾把联络信藏在月饼里。因此，中秋节后来也成为汉人推翻蒙古人统治的纪念日。字串7

During the Yuan Dynasty(A.D.1206-1368)China was ruled by the Mongolian people.Leaders from the preceding Sung Dynasty(A.D.960-1279)were unhappy at submitting to foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without it being discovered.The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes.Packed into each mooncake was a message with the outline of the attack.On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attacked and overthrew the government.What followed was the establishment of the Ming Dynasty(A.D.1368-1644).Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this event.在元朝，蒙古人统治中国。前朝统治者们不甘心政权落入外族之手，于是密谋策划联合起义。正值中秋将近，起义首领就命令部下制作一种特别的月饼，把起义计划藏在每个月饼里。到中秋那天，起义军获取胜利，推翻了元朝，建立明朝。今天，人们吃月饼纪念此事。

第四篇：剪纸由来介绍

导语：剪纸，又叫刻纸，窗花或剪画。区别在创作时，有的用剪子，有的用刻刀，虽然工具有别，但创作出来的艺术作品基本相同，人们统称为剪纸。以下是小编为大家整理分享的剪纸由来介绍，欢迎阅读参考。

剪纸由来介绍

剪纸，是我国一项传统的手工艺，关于剪纸艺术，剪纸的由来，即真正意义上的剪纸，应该从纸的出现开始。汉代纸的发明促使了剪纸的出现、发展与普及。1500以前南北朝时期《木兰辞》中就有“对镜贴花黄”的诗句。在新疆吐鲁番阿斯塔那地区的古墓中出土的图案花剪纸《对马》、《对鹿》作品中很有特色。其精美的构图和娴熟的技艺，令人叹为观止，那时剪纸已用于屏风，头饰等方面，起到节日仪饰作用。

唐代剪纸已处于大发展时期，杜甫诗中有“暖水濯我足，剪纸招我魂”的句子，以剪纸招魂的风俗当时就已流传民间。现藏于大英博物馆的唐代剪纸均可看出当时剪纸手工艺术水平已极高，画面构图完整，表达一种天上人间的理想境界。唐代流行颉，其镂花木版纹样具有剪纸特色，如现藏日本正仓院的 “对羊”，其羊的纹样就是典型的剪纸手工艺术表现手法。唐代民间还出现了利用剪纸形式制作的漏版印花板，人们用厚纸雕刻成花版，将染料漏印到布匹上，形成美丽的图案。

宋代造纸业成熟，纸品名目繁多，为剪纸的普及提供了条件。如成为民间礼品的“礼花”，贴于窗上的“窗花”，或用于灯彩、茶盏的装饰。宋代民间剪纸的运用范围逐渐扩大，江西吉州窑将剪纸作为陶瓷的花样，通过上釉、烧制使陶瓷更加精美;民间还采用剪纸的形式，用驴、牛、马、羊等动物的皮、雕刻成皮影戏的人物造型;蓝印花布工艺制作的镂花制版是用油纸板雕镂成纹，刮浆印花的花版纹样就是采用剪纸的技法，有阴、阳刻之分，长线要割断，以点分虚实。

明、清时期剪纸手工艺术走向成熟，并达到鼎盛时期。民间剪纸手工艺术的运用范围更为广泛，举凡民间灯彩上的花饰，扇面上的纹饰，以及刺绣的花样等等，无一不是利用剪纸作为装饰成再加工的。而更多的是我国民间常常将剪纸作为装饰家居的饰物，美化居家环境，如门栈、窗花、柜花、喜花，棚顶花等都是用来装饰门窗、房间的剪纸。除南宋以后出现的纸扎花样工匠外，中国民间剪纸手工艺的最基本的队伍，还是那些农村妇女。女红是我国传统女性完美的一个重要标志，作为女红的必修技巧--剪纸，也就成了女孩子从小就要学习的手工艺。她们从前辈或姐妹那里要来学习剪纸的花样，通过临剪、重剪、画剪、描绘自己熟悉而热爱的自然景物，鱼虫鸟兽、花草树木、亭桥风景，以至最后达到随心所欲的境界，信手剪出新的花样来。

中国民间剪纸手工艺术，犹如一株常春藤，古老而长青，它特有的普及性、实用性、审美性成为了符合民众心理需要的象征意义。

第五篇：2021年平安夜的由来和习俗[范文模版]

平安夜，是圣诞节的前夕。在欧美许多国家里，人们非常重视这个节日，把它和新年连在一起，而庆祝活动之热闹与隆重大大超过了新年，成为一个全民的节日。下面就是小编给大家整理的平安夜的由来，希望大家喜欢。

平安夜的由来

耶稣诞生的那一晚，一在旷野看守羊群的牧羊人，突然听见有声音自天上传来，向他们报耶稣降生的好消息。根据圣经记载，耶稣来是要作世人的王，因此天使便透过这些牧羊人把消息传给更多的人知道。

后来人们就效仿天使，在平安夜的晚上到处报人传讲耶稣降生的消息，直到今日，报佳音已经变成圣诞节不可缺少的一个节目。

通常佳音队是由大约二十名青年人，加上一备装扮成天使的小女孩和一位圣诞老人组成。在平安夜晚上大约是九点过后，开始一家一家的去报佳音。每当佳音队去到一个家庭时，先会唱几首大家都熟悉的圣诞歌曲，然后再由小女孩念出圣经的话语让该户人家知道今夜是耶稣降生的日子，过后大家一起祷告再唱一两首诗歌，再由慷慨大方的圣诞老人派送圣诞礼物给那个家庭中的小厅子，整个报佳音的过程就完成了!

平安夜怎么过

平安夜传统上是摆设圣诞树的日子，但随着圣诞节的庆祝活动提早开始进行，例如美国在感恩节后，不少圣诞树早在圣诞节前数星期已被摆设。延伸发展至今平安夜不仅是指12月24日晚了，指的是圣诞前夕，特指12月24日全天，但由于一般节日氛围在晚上容易调动起来，大型活动都集中在晚上，固被称作平安夜，更加贴切。届时，千千万万的欧美人风尘仆仆地赶回家中团聚。圣诞之夜必不可少的庆祝活动就是聚会。大多数欧美家庭成员团聚在家中，共进丰盛的晚餐，然后围坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，弹琴唱歌，共叙天伦之乐;或者举办一个别开生面的化妆舞会，通宵达旦地庆祝圣诞夜是一个幸福、祥和、狂欢的平安夜、团圆夜。期待着圣诞节的到来，据说圣诞之夜，圣诞老人会悄悄地给孩子们准备礼物放在长筒袜里。

平安夜美食

鲜虾、香草奶油通心粉

制作食材：1磅意大利通心粉;1/4杯橄榄油;1磅个头中等的虾，去皮;4颗蒜瓣，切碎;1/2茶匙粗盐，调味的时候可以多放点盐;1/2茶匙新鲜的黑胡椒粉，调味的时候可以多放点;1罐子(15盎司)番茄，切块去水的;1/2杯碾碎的新鲜罗勒叶;1/2杯碾碎的新鲜巴西利;1/4茶匙碾碎的红辣椒末;1杯红白葡萄酒;1/3杯蛤蜊汁;3/4杯鲜奶油;1/2杯柏马臣芝士。

制作指南

用高温将一大锅盐水煮沸。加入通心粉煮熟8到10分钟直至易咀嚼，偶尔搅拌下。将通心粉脱水，放置一边。

在一个大平底锅中用中等温度将油加热。加入虾、大蒜、1/2茶匙盐，1/2茶匙胡椒。频繁搅拌，煮3分钟左右至虾变粉红色熟透。用漏勺将虾子盛起，放置一边。

加入番茄、1/4杯罗勒叶，1/4杯欧芹和红胡椒粉。烹饪2分钟，要不停搅拌。加入酒、蛤蜊汁和鲜奶油。将混合物煮沸。将温度降至中低，炖7到8分钟，直至汁变浓。搅拌至所有的食材充分混合。加入食盐和胡椒调味。