第一篇：新视野第一册读写教程课文第六单元中英文对照
Unit 6
Section A The Trashman Saturday, April 7 Steve and I hauled trash for four solid hours continuously, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk.My shoulder hurt wickedly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading to the street.But the rest of me said,“Go,trashman,go.” I could not have imaged there would be joy in this.Dump.Lift.Walk.Lift.Walk.The hours flew by.Saturday meant most adults were at home on the route.So were school-age children.I thought this might mean more exchanges as I made the rounds today.Many people were out-doors working in their gardens or greenhouses.Most looked approachable enough.There wasn't time for lengthy talks
but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways.That is where I got my shock.I said hello in quite a few yards before the message registered that this wasn't normally done.Occasionally,I got a direct reply from someone who looked me in the eye, smiled,and asked “How are you?” or “Isn't this a nice day?” I felt human then.But most often the response was either nothing at all, or a surprised stare because I had spoken.One woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her
house.At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly indoors.I heard the lock click.Another woman had a huge, peculiar animal in her yard.I asked what it was.She stared at me.I thought she was deaf and spoke louder.She seemed frightened as she turned coldly away.Steve raged spontaneously about these things on the long ride to the dump.“The way most people look at you,you'd think a trashman was a monster.Say hello and they stare at you in surprise.They don't realize we're human.” “One lady put ashes in her trashcan.I said we couldn't take them.She said,'Who are you to say what goes? You're nothing but a trashman.' I told her,'Listen,lady,I've got an I.Q.of 137, and I graduated near the top of my high school class.I do this for the money, not because it's the only work I can do.”
“I want to tell them,'Look,I am as clean as you are,'but it wouldn't help.I don't tell anyone I'm a garbageman.I say I'm a truck driver.My family knows, but my wife's folks don't.If someone comes right out and asks, 'Do you drive for a garbage company?'I say yes.I believe we're doing a service people need, like being a police officer or a fire fighter.I'm not ashamed of it,but I don't go around boasting about it either.” “A friend of my wife yelled at her kids one day when they ran out to meet a trash truck.'Stay away from those trashmen.They're dirty.’ I was angry with her.' They’re as good as we are,' I told her.' You seem to have a lot of sympathy for them,’ she said.'Yes, I do.’ But I never told her why.” I had originally planned to stay at this employment for only two days but now I'm going to continue.The exercise is great;the lifting gets easier with every load, even if my shoulder muscle is sore.I become faster and neater each day.I’m outdoors in clean air.And, contrary to what people think, I don't get dirty on the job.I have decided, too, to keep saying hello in people's yards.It doesn't do any harm, and it still feels right.Frankly, I'm proud.I'm doing an essential task.I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning.Not many people can say that tonight.John Gardner wrote that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers is in for trouble.“Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water,” he warns.He might have gone a step further
and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen;otherwise, they’ll both leave garbage behind.Unit6-A 4月7日，星期六
我和史蒂夫已拖运垃圾整整四个小时了，中间只停下来说了约五分钟的话。每次我将满满的一桶垃圾扛上肩，肩膀就痛得厉害，有时候扛着垃圾朝街上走，腿都打颤，可我心里却对自己说：“挺住，垃圾工，要挺住。”
我原本就没有想过这工作会有什么快乐可言。倒、扛、走、扛、走。时间过得飞快。
星期六意味着一路上大多数成年人会呆在家里。上学的孩子也一样。我心里琢磨，这可能意味着我挨家挨户收垃圾时可以和人们多搭上几句话了。很多人在花园里或花房里干活儿。多数人看上去是可以说说话的。虽没有工夫聊很久，但问候几句以示礼貌还是有时间的。
但我吃惊地发现并不是这么回事。
直到我在几家院子里问候了几次以后，才意识到这么做是不常见的。偶尔，有人也会看着我，微笑一下，对我说一声“你好”，或者“今天天气真好”。这时，我还是感到有人情味儿。可多数情况下，人们的反应要么是不理我，要么是因为我这个垃圾工竟然也和他们说话而惊讶地盯着我看。
一个身着家常便服的妇女见我绕过她家的拐角，脸上露出惊讶之色。听到我向她打招呼，她就赶紧用衣服把自己严严实实地遮了起来，并匆忙退回屋里。我还听到咔嗒一声门被锁上了。另一个妇女，院子里养了一只巨大古怪的动物。我问她那是什么动物，她两眼盯着我。我以为她耳背，所以提高了声音。她好像给吓着了似的，冷冷地转身走了。
这儿离垃圾场有很长一段路，在驾车去垃圾场的路上，史蒂夫气愤地叙说着
这些事情。
“从多数人看你的那种眼光，就知道在他们眼里垃圾工是怪物。如果你对他们问声好，他们就惊奇地看着你。他们根本没想到我们也是人。”
“有个女人往垃圾箱里倒烟灰。我说，我们这样没法装运。她说，„我倒什么你管得着吗，你算什么东西? 你不过是个垃圾工罢了。‟我说，„听着，太太，我的智商是137，高中毕业时是班上的尖子生。我干这活是为了挣钱，不是因为我只能干这个。‟”
“我真想对他们说，„你瞧瞧，我跟你们一样干净。‟可这没用。我从不对任何人说我是垃圾工。我说我是卡车司机。我家里人知道，可我妻子的家人不知道。如果有人正好碰到，问„你是给垃圾公司开车吗?‟我就说是。我相信我们做的事是人们所需要的，就像当警察或者消防队员一样。我并不为此而感到见不得人，可我也不会到处去吹嘘自己的工作。”
“有一天，我妻子的一个朋友见到她孩子从家里跑出来看垃圾车，她就大声叫嚷起来，„离那些垃圾工远点，他们身上脏‟。我很生她的气。我说，„那些垃圾工和我们一样干净。‟„你好像很同情他们似的，‟她说。„是的，我是很同情他们。‟可我从没有告诉她这是为什么。”
这活儿我原先只打算干两天，可现在我要干下去。这可锻炼人呢，虽然肩部肌肉酸痛，可我扛垃圾桶越扛越得心应手了。我越干越快，越干越利索。在室外干活还可以呼吸新鲜空气，而且完全不像人们认为的那样，我干的活儿其实很干净。
我还决定继续在人家的院子里向人们说“你好”。这不会有什么坏处，而且感觉依旧不错。说实话，我感到骄傲，我在做一项必不可少的工作。每晚工作结束时，我发现这个国家比早上更干净了。并不是许多人每晚都能这样说的。
约翰?加德纳曾写道，一个只赞扬哲学家而蔑视管道工的社会必定会出现麻烦。他警告说：“这个社会的管道和理论都会出问题。”他也许应该进一步要求人们既尊重经济学家又尊重垃圾工；不然的话，他们都会在身后留下垃圾。
He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 A.M.Sunday morning.最终，他于星期天凌晨3点工作致死。
The obituary didn't say that, of course.当然，讣告上没有这样写。It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis--I think that was it--but everyone among his friends and acquaintances knew it instantly.讣告上写的是死于冠状动脉血栓证，但他的好友和熟识的人都心知肚明。He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their heads--and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.他们互相握着手，摇头叹息地说他是一个追求完美的A型血人，一个典型的工作狂，然后用几分钟时间来反思自己的生活方式。
This man who worked himself to death finally and precisely at 3:00 A.M.这个男人最终在星期天凌晨三点整工作致死。Sunday morning--on his day off--was fifty-one years old and a vice-president.星期天的早上，这天刚好是这个51岁的副总裁的休息日。He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably--if the president died or retired soon enough--have moved to the top spot.Phil knew that.他是公司六位副总裁之一，也是副总裁中三位最让人信任的人之一，如果总裁已经逝世或者退休的话，他已经成为了最高职位。菲尔清楚这一点。
He worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during a time when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives.他一周工作六天，其中五天工作到夜里八九点，他的公司里除了高级官员，其他人都已经开始四天工作制。He worked like the Important People.他工作起来像一个重要人物。He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way.当然，就像你想象中那样，他每月打一次高尔夫球，他没有其他的爱好。To Phil, it was work.对菲尔而言，高尔夫是工作。He always ate egg salad sandwiches at his desk.He was, of course, overweight, by 20 or 25 pounds.他总是在他的桌前吃着吃鸡蛋沙拉三明治，他难免有点发福，超重了20-25磅。He thought it was okay, though, because he didn't smoke.他想这没什么关系，因为他从不抽烟。
On Saturdays, Phil wore a sports jacket to the office instead of a suit, because it was the weekend.星期六，菲尔换下西服，穿着运动衫去上班，因为这是周末。
He had a lot of people working for him, maybe sixty, and most of them liked him most of the time.他有大约60个人为他效力，大部分人在大部分时候觉得他很不错。Three of them will be seriously considered for his job.其中三位紧盯着他的职位。The obituary didn't mention that.讣告上没有提及这些。
But it did list his “survivors” quite accurately.但是讣告详细地介绍了他的遗孀。He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering.他的妻子，海伦，一个48岁的好女人，没有什么特别的市场能力，在结婚生子之前在一家公司上班。She had, according to her daughter, given up trying to compete with his work years ago, when the children were small.她说，在女儿的记忆里，她很多年前，当孩子们还很小的时候，就放弃了和他工作的抗争。A company friend said, “I know how much you will miss him.” And she answered, “I already have.” 一个工作伙伴说，“我知道你将对他有多思念”，她回答到，“我一直都很想他。”
“Missing him all these years,” she must have given up part of herself which had cared too much for the man.She would be “well taken care of.” “想了他这么多年了，”她如此在乎的这个男人，必须放弃她，以后她将会被“好好的照顾”。
His “dearly beloved” eldest of the “dearly beloved” children is a hard-working executive in a manufacturing firm down South.他的“最爱的”孩子们中“最爱的”长子是南方某制造公司努力工作的经理。In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researching his father, asking the neighbors what he was like.They were embarrassed.在葬礼前的一天半里，他走访邻居询问邻居们询问邻居对他的印象。他们很尴尬。
His second child is a girl, who is twenty-four and newly married.他的第二个孩子是一个女孩，24岁了，刚刚结婚。She lives near her mother and they are close, but whenever she was alone with her father, in a car driving somewhere, they had nothing to say to each other.她和妈妈住的很近，很亲密，但是无论什么时候，当她和爸爸独处的时候，哪怕是在一辆车中，他们互相没有什么言语。
The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food.最小的是一个男孩，20岁，高中毕业生，像很多他的朋友一样，做一些零工，吃喝玩乐。He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.他是唯一一个能够抓住父亲的人，尝试把父亲留到家里。He was his father's favorite.Over the last two years, Phil stayed up nights worrying about the boy.他是他父亲最喜欢的儿子，在生命的最后两年里，菲尔整夜担心这个孩子。
The boy once said, “My father and I only board here.” 他曾说过，“父亲和我只是在这里寄宿”
At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace.在葬礼上，60岁的总裁安慰48岁的遗孀说，这位51岁的死者对公司的贡献巨大，没有人可以替代他的位置。The widow didn't look him in the eye.这位遗孀不敢直视他眼睛。She was afraid he would read her bitterness and, after all, she would need him to straighten out the finances--the stock options and all that.她害怕他可以读出她的苦痛，毕竟，她需要他帮忙清理丈夫的财政—股票什么的。
Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.菲尔超重、焦虑、工作强度太大。If he wasn't at the office he was worried about it.如果他不在公司，就会担心公司的工作。Phil was a Type A, heart-attack natural.You could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.菲尔是一个A型血，先天易发心脏病。在人群中，你可以一眼就把他认出来。
So when he finally worked himself to death, at precisely 3:00 A.M.Sunday morning, no one was really surprised.所以当他最终因工作死于星期天凌晨三点整，没人感到意外。
By 5:00 P.M.the afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun, discreetly of course, with care and taste, to make inquiries about his replacement.One of three men.He asked around: “Who's
been working the hardest?” 葬礼过后的下午5点，公司总裁已经开始谨慎地，带着小心和鉴赏，审视着三位可以代替他职位的人。他问到“谁工作最努力？”
Unit6-B 星期天凌晨三点整，他终于把自己累死了。
当然，讣告并没有这么说，只说他死于心脏病。但是他的朋友和熟人很快就明白了是怎么回事。他是个典型的A型人，工作成瘾。相互间他们这么说，摇着头，并且沉思五或十分钟，反思他们的生活方式。
此君叫菲尔，星期天凌晨三点整，把自己累死了。那天是他的休息日，可他却在工作。他把自己生命中的最后18年献给了那项工作。他51岁，是公司的一位副总裁。更确切地说，他是六位副总裁之一，而且，假如公司总裁去世或者很快退休的话，他是有可能升至最高职位的三位副总裁之一。菲尔是休息不起的。
他每周工作六天，其中五天每天工作到晚上八点或九点，而此时他的公司除了当官的，其他人都已开始每周工作四天。他拨不出时间来做户外活动，除非你把他每月打一次高尔夫球也算在内。对于菲尔来说，那也是工作。他总是在办公桌上吃鸡蛋色拉三明治。当然，他比较胖，患有高血压。每逢星期六，菲尔就穿运动茄克衫而不是西服去办公室，因为是周末。
他手下有很多人，大约60个，多数时候大多数人都喜欢他，敬慕他。其中三人将被认真考虑来接替他的工作。讣告对此避而不谈。
然而讣告却一一列出了被他“留下的人”。在他身后有妻子海伦，她48岁，心地善良，但却没有特别的职业技能，结婚生子之前曾做过办公室工作。据她女儿说，多年前孩子们还小时，她就放弃了与他的工作竞争。公司的一位朋友说：“我知道你将多么思念他。”而她回答道：“我早已这样了。”
“这些年来思念着他，”她已经放弃了自己的一部分，这部分的她太关心这个男人了。从此她将“得到很好的关照”。
他“亲爱的孩子”中“亲爱的长子”在南方的一家制造公司当经理，工作很努力。在安葬父亲的前一天，他走访了邻居，试图多了解他的父亲。邻居们很尴尬，只能装作比事实上更了解他的父亲。
他的第二个孩子是个女儿，今年24岁，刚刚结婚。她住在她母亲附近，两人关系亲密。但是，以前每当她和父亲单独在一起时，比如开车去什么地方时，两人几乎无话可说。
最小的是个男孩，今年20岁，是个高中毕业生。和他的许多朋友一样，他满足于打零工，以维持吃饭和吸大麻。他父亲的工作不适合他。虽然如此，他依然努力理解他父亲，努力表明自己对他很重要，以此将他拴在家里。他是他父亲的最爱。在过去的两年里，菲尔常为担心这个男孩而睡不着觉。
这男孩有一次说道：“我和我父亲只住在这里。”
在葬礼上，60岁的公司总裁告诉48岁的寡妇，51岁的死者对公司非常重要，公司会思念他，很难找到人来代替他。寡妇不敢正面看他。她担心他会看出她的不快。毕竟，她需要他来理清他们之间的财务——优先认股权等等之类。
菲尔身体胖，弦总是绷得紧紧的，工作太卖力。如果他不在办公室，他就放心不下。他是容易患心脏病的那种人。在一大群人中，你一眼就能将他辨认出来。
因此，当他星期天凌晨三点整终于把自己累死时，没有人真正感到吃惊。安葬的那天下午五点，公司总裁开始（当然非常谨慎地）向他的左右询问接替菲尔的人选（三者之一）的情况。他问大家：“谁工作最卖力？”
第二篇：新视野大学英语第二版读写教程课文翻译【第一册】
Unit1a 学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。
我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。
由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。
到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。
每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！” 没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。
我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。
好在这种情况没持续多久。
到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。
与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。
由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。
上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。
虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。
直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。
我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。
网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。
它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。
我随时随地都在学习。
不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。
但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。
突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。
学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。
它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。
学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。
与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。
由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。
我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。Unit1b
虽然常规的学校依然存在，但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。
随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方式。
然而，网络学生需要具备一些特别的素质才能取得成功。以下是网上学生要取得成功必备的一些理想素质。
1.与人分享生活、工作及学习经验，这些是网上学习的一部分。
许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验，同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。这一交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。此外，学生在答题之前有时间进行思考，这就使得网上环境开放而友好。2.能通过书写进行交流。
虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是学生要具有书面表达能力。
有些学生书面表达能力差，有待提高，可以在网上学习之前提高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。这常常需要他们加倍努力。
不管是单独学习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点和见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。
这样，学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发，既跟老师学，又互相学习。
3.说出你的困难。
记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。
这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。
如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程中遇到困难，必须大胆说出来，否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。
如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样的问题。如果有哪个学生能解决，他(她)也许就会帮助你。
学生在给他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。
4.认真对待课程。
网上学习并不比课堂学习容易。
事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和努力。网络课程的要求不低于其他任何一种优质课程。
然而，取得成功的学生认为网上学习是一种便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。别人已完成作业和学习，开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。
5.把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。
网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定。
对学生来讲，理解并消化信息，并通过批判性思维做出正确的决定是十分必要的。
在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值，对自己的学习也感到满意。
6.三思而后答。
在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答是网上学习的重要部分。要花时间斟酌并仔细作答，提倡对不同观点进行验证和质疑。
网络学生往往并不总是对的；他们应做好准备，迎接挑战。
7.跟上课程进度。
网上学习通常是循序渐进的，要求学生专心投入。与网络课程保持同步，并按时完成所有功课至关重要。一旦落后就很难赶上。
学生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望这种经历。
老师可能会与学生面对面交流，提供帮助并提醒他们跟上进度的必要性。
正如许多优秀教师并不能有效地用网络辅助教学一样，并不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质。
具备上述素质的人通常能够成为优秀的网络学生。
一旦拥有这些素质，网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。Unit2a
收音机“咔嗒”一声，摇滚乐就大声地响开了。音乐像枪声似的将桑迪吵醒。她看了一下钟，早上6点一刻。
她躺在床上，听着她喜欢的电台广播，嘴里哼着歌词。
“桑迪，” 她父亲喊道，“桑迪，把音乐关了！” 史蒂夫·芬奇冲进她的卧室。
“你为什么一定要听这么糟糕的音乐？ 还听了一遍又一遍。
虽然有节奏，可恐怕不是真正的音乐。” “我喜欢这种音乐，爸爸。这是我最喜欢的。您听一下吧，您肯定会喜欢的。” 桑迪伸手把音乐开得更响。
“别，别开那么响，我受不了。
把收音机音量调低点，这样我和你妈妈就听不到了。我敢肯定，那音乐既伤你的耳朵，又伤你的大脑。”
桑迪走进浴室，打开淋浴喷头。
然后她抓起香皂，浑身上下洗个遍，连头发也洗了。
淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳头发，穿上一件旧的绿色圆领衫和一条牛仔裤。接着她化好妆，走进了厨房。
和往常一样，她不知道早餐该吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗涤槽旁吃烤面包。就在此时，她妈妈简走进了厨房。
“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃饭？ 站着吃饭对身体不好。”
“我知道，妈妈，可我没时间坐着吃。”
“昨天做作业了吧，宝贝？”
“做了。”
“刷过牙了？”
“妈妈，我还没吃完饭呢。吃完了再刷。”
“桑迪，你怎么穿那件旧圆领衫呢？ 难看死了。”
“妈妈，请别这样。”
“别怎么样？”
“别这样烦我。”
“桑迪，你怎么描起眼线来了？”
“我是描了，妈妈。我都描了几个月了。难道不漂亮？”
“桑迪·芬奇，你还小，不能化这么浓的妆。”
“妈妈，我都15岁了，到了可以化妆的年龄了。
给您说实话吧，学校的女孩子都化妆，有些还文身，有的还戴耳环、鼻环、舌环呢。妈妈，我现在没时间给您说，我快迟到了，得走了。再见。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下妈妈的脸颊，拿起书冲出了屋子。
桑迪离家上学后，简·芬奇平静地坐下来喝咖啡。没过一会儿，她丈夫走了进来。
“史蒂夫，喝点咖啡吧？”简问道。
“不，谢谢，亲爱的。我胃不舒服，心乱如麻。可能是因为那讨厌的音乐每天早上把我吵醒。
我想我还不至于老得落伍吧，可没完没了地听那毫无韵律、令人讨厌的歌曲实在让我生气。”
“你知道，亲爱的，不同年龄的人喜欢不同的音乐，” 简劝说道。“还记得我们听过的一些音乐吗？”
史蒂夫笑了，“你说得有道理。也许吃点早饭能让我感觉好一点。”
“你注意到了吗，今天早晨我们15岁的女儿都化了什么样的妆？ 我真不敢相信自己以前没有注意到。
我想我们应该感到幸运，因为我们女儿的最大问题还只是化妆。我看到其他年轻人在镇上游手好闲，还文身，浑身穿了许多洞。”
“令我担心的是，”史蒂夫说，“那种音乐对桑迪可能有负面的影响。我不知道我们的女儿到底怎么回事。她在变，我很担心她。
化妆品，糟糕的音乐，谁知道以后还会有什么花样？ 我们得和她谈谈。
新闻里报道的尽是惹上麻烦的青少年，可他们的父母却不知道自己的孩子有什么问题。”
“哦，我倒不认为她的音乐如此糟糕。
但不管怎么说，你还是说得对，我们需要和桑迪谈谈，” 简说道。
去上班的路上，简·芬奇一面开着车，一面想着她的桑迪。她知道自己想说什么，得对桑迪说什么。她和桑迪之间还可以进行交流，这令她很高兴。
她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之间沟通的渠道畅通。她想在桑迪的身边，做她的保护人，同时又给她寻找自我的自由。Unit2b “代沟”这一术语出现于20世纪60年代。
代沟的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的价值观和信仰。
因此，很多父母害怕孩子赞成伙伴的观点，父母转而失去影响力。
虽然这个术语还是常常被使用，有人却开始问这个问题：“今天的社会还有代沟吗？”
有一项研究比较了四代人：18-30岁的人，31-48岁的人，49-62岁的人，63岁和63岁以上的人，问了几个问题以了解人们对一些问题的基本信仰和价值观，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美国是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人给出的答案非常接近。
许多对年轻人的研究驳斥了代沟这一观念的存在。
这些研究显示，较之父母对音乐、服装和何为“酷”的评价，年轻人更趋于赞同伙伴的见解，与此同时，在生活中更重要的方面，如职业生涯、终身目标等，他们还是继续依赖父母的基本价值观和指导。
当然，总趋势是不能时时用于个例的。
觉得在我们和我们的十多岁孩子之间好像存在令人不快的“代沟”，需要弥合它，这是自然的。
然而，问题也许不在于见解和价值观的不同，而在于我们相互理解和沟通的方式。下面的建议摘自于一篇题为“弥合代沟”的文章，也许对弥合代沟有所帮助。
尊重他人。
尊重与信任是能感染人的。
年轻人往往以父母看待他们的方式看待自己。
反过来，当你表示你尊重他们有能力决策和从错误中学习时，他们会因此而获得自信和自尊。
多听少说。
询问听起来可能像审问，不要这样。应该抱有好奇的态度而不是控制之心。
问些这样的问题：“怎么会这样？你现在怎么看？当时吃惊吗？现在打算怎么做？你有什么计划？这事你是不是需要帮助？”
如果你的目的只是听，在孩子说话时，你就需小心别在心里琢磨怎么回答。这样你会听得更好，而孩子也会受到鼓励说得更多。
先问孩子是否想听，然后才说你的观点。
只有当孩子说“是”时才继续说下去，而且要简洁。不要说教，不要期待孩子同意你的观点。
说话时，如果你的态度是“我是这样理解的”，而不是“这样看问题才对”，孩子就可能更愿意听，而不会有逆反心理。
用“我们”而不用“你”。
“离开家之前我们要做家务，我们怎么料理必须做的事呢？”
不论你用什么方式，只要能将“这是我们共同的事”这一信息传达给孩子，就有助于弥合本可能由冲突带来的鸿沟。
保持冷静。
交谈时生气或者太激动，你就可能轻易地毁了自己的可信度。
不要说“你毁了你的一生！”而要说“我担心如果......会怎么样。在这种情况下，你想你可能怎么办？”
不要使用双重标准。青少年非常警惕双重标准。
别指望他们遵守你自己都不遵守的规则。
无论是打电话报平安，还是叫他们收拾东西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我说的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不会改善关系的。
承认自己的错误，说说你从他们身上学到了什么。
表现出自我接受和对不完美的容忍能很好地鼓励青少年（以及你身边的其他人），也往往能让他们更容易接近你，向你提出问题、表达遗憾甚至对你提出挑战。
当你认为自己做错了事或说错了话，比如发了脾气或争论时说了令人伤心的话，就道歉。
有欣赏之心。
青少年常有幽默感，充满活力，看什么事都觉得可能，这些能使父母意识到自己身上已被忘记或忽略的好的方面。
当十多岁的孩子体验到被人爱时，他们通常表现得更可爱。Unit3a 在我还未成年时，如果有人看到我和父亲在一块儿，我就会觉得难堪。
他腿瘸得很厉害，个子又矮。我们一起走路时，他的手搭在我臂上以保持平衡，人们就会盯着看。对于这种讨厌的注视，我打心眼里感到别扭。
即使父亲注意到这些或感到不安，他也从不表露出来。
我们的步伐难以协调一致——他常常停下脚步，而我的步子却显得不耐烦。正因为如此，我们一路很少说话。
但每次出门时，他总说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。”
我们通常就在地铁口和家门口之间来回，那是他上班的路线。他生病或天气恶劣时也坚持上班，几乎从不缺勤。他总是准点到办公室，即使别人做不到。这是件可以引以为荣的事。
当路上覆盖冰雪时，即使有人搀扶，他也难以行走。
这种时候，我或者我的姐妹们就用一辆带有钢轮的儿童推车拉着他穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道到地铁站口。
一到那儿，他就紧抓着地铁口的扶手一直往下走，因为地铁内比较暖和，下面几级台阶没有冰雪。曼哈顿的地铁站直通他们办公楼的地下室，他不用出站（就可到办公室）。下班回家时，我们会去布鲁克林的地铁站口接他。
现在回想起来，我不禁惊叹：像他那样一个成年人，得有多大的勇气才能承受这样的屈辱和压力，而当时他却显得毫无痛苦，也没怨言。
他从不说自己可怜，也从不表现出对那些比他幸运或健康的人的羡慕。
他从别人那儿寻找的是一颗“好心”。一旦找到了，那人在他心目中就是个大好人。
现在我长大了，我相信这是判断一个人的标准。虽然我还没有确切理解什么是“好心”，但我知道自己有时候并没有这么一颗“好心”。
虽说很多活动父亲都不能参加，但他还是试着以某种方式来参与。当地一个棒球队缺少一个经理时，是他使球队正常运转。
他是一个见多识广的棒球迷，常常带我到埃贝茨球场，观看布鲁克林道奇队的比赛。他喜欢参加各种舞会和聚会，虽然在那儿他只能坐着观看，却也能享受一番乐趣。
记得在一次沙滩聚会上，进行了一场殴斗，人人挥拳上阵，相互推撞。他不满足只是坐着观看，然而在松软的沙地上如果没人帮助，他又站不起来。
于是在极度无助的情况下，他高声喊道：“谁坐下来和我对打!谁愿意坐下来和我对打!”
没有人坐下来和他对打。
第二天，人们和他开玩笑，说是第一次听到拳击手在开打之前，就有人要求他倒地服输。
如今我知道他是通过我，他唯一的儿子，间接地参与了一些事情。我打球时（球技很糟），他也“打”；后来我加入海军，他也“加入”了。我休假回家时，他一定要让我去参观他的办公室。
在介绍我时，虽然没有说出口，但他实际上在说：“这是我儿子，但也是我。如果我没瘸，我也会和他一样。”
如今父亲已去世多年，但我时常想起他。
不知他当时是否留意在我们同行时，我不愿意被人看到。
若他确实注意到了，那我真惭愧当时没能对他说我是多么对不起他，我是多么不孝，我有多么后
悔。
现在，每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候，每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候，每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候，我就会想起他。
每逢此时，我就设想自己将手搭在他的臂上，重新找回自己的平衡，我会说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。” Unit3b 故事开始于布鲁克林闹市区的一个街角处。
有个老汉过马路时突然晕倒在地, 一辆救护车把他急速送往金斯县医院。在医院里, 老人时昏时醒, 反反复复叫喊着,要见儿子。
急救室的一位护士在他口袋里发现一封已被揉皱的信，从信中得知他儿子是海军陆战队的战士，随部队驻扎在北卡罗来纳州。看来, 他没有别的亲戚。
医院有人给布鲁克林区的红十字办公室挂了电话，向北卡罗来纳州海军陆战队营地的红十字机构的主任发出请求, 让那个年轻人赶紧回布鲁克林。
由于时间紧迫——病人已奄奄一息——红十字会的人和一名军官乘一辆军车出发。赶到部队时他们看到那个年轻人正在参加军事演习，徒步穿越沼泽地。他被及时送到机场, 赶上那班能把他送到临终的父亲身边的唯一的一架班机。
年轻的海军战士走进金斯县医院的入口大厅时，已是黄昏。一名护士将这位疲劳、焦急的军人带到了老人床边。
她对老人说：“您儿子来了。”
她重复说了好几遍，老人的眼睛才睁开。
老人服用了医治心脏病的药物，损害了他的视力，所以他只能看见一个年轻人的身影，身穿海军陆战队军服，站在氧气帐外。
他伸出手，那位海军陆战队队员立刻用自己有力的手紧紧握住了这只无力的手，充满了爱与鼓励。护士搬来一张椅子，那海军陆战队队员就坐在床边守着。
医院里长夜漫漫，年轻的海军陆战队战士整夜坐在灯光昏暗的病房里，握着老人的手，给予老人希望与力量。
护士偶尔会过来劝他休息一会儿，但他都拒绝了。
护士每次进来，海军陆战队战士都坐在那儿。对于护士的进出、医院晚上的各种响动——氧气瓶的撞击声、值夜班的医生护士打招呼时的笑声、其他病人的哭喊、呻吟声和呼吸声——他都视若不见。
不时地，护士听见他柔声说着什么。
弥留之际的老人则什么也没说，只是在那一夜大部分的时间里紧紧抓着儿子的手。
天快亮时老人去世了。
海军陆战队队员把那只他一直握着的、现在已失去生命的手放回床上，然后去通知护士。在护士去做善后工作时，他抽了根烟，这是他进医院后抽的第一支香烟。
最后，护士回到了护士办公室，而他则一直等在那儿。护士开始安慰他，但他却打断了她，“那位老人是谁?”他问。
“他是你父亲啊!”她回答道，诧异万分。
“不，他不是，”海军陆战队队员回答道。“我以前从没见过这个人。”
“那我带你进去时，你为什么不说?”护士问道。
“当时我就知道弄错了。但我同样也知道，他需要他的儿子，而他的儿子又恰好不在。当我发现他病得这么重，都认不出我不是他的儿子后，我想他确实是很需要我的。所以我留下来了。”
说完这些话后，海军陆战队战士转过身，离开了医院。
两天后，北卡罗来纳海军陆战队基地给布鲁克林红十字会发来一份通知：老人真正的儿子正在前往布鲁克林参加他父亲葬礼的路上。
原来，军中恰好有两个海军陆战队队员同名同姓，并且编号相近。人事部的官员拿错了档案。
但是，这个假儿子在老人真正需要儿子的时刻却成了真正的儿子。而且他以一种非常人道的方式，证明了在这个世界上确实有人会关心自己同胞的遭遇。Unit4a 有研究显示，我们对他人的判断是根据我们最初遇到他们的七秒钟里所进行的无声交流形成的。无论是有意识还是无意识，我们都会用我们的眼神、面部表情、形体动作和态度来表现我们的真实情感，从而使他人产生从舒适到害怕等一连串反应。
想想那些让你最为难忘的会面：被介绍给你未来的妻子或丈夫、一次求职面试、与陌生人的一次邂逅。
将注意力集中在最初的七秒钟，你当时有何感想？ 你是如何“解读”他人的？ 你认为他又是如何解读你的？
你本人就是信息。
25年来，我在工作中和数千个想要成功的人打过交道。
我帮助他们，使他们所作的演讲有说服力，教他们如何回答不友好的提问，以及如何与人更有效地沟通。
而所有这一切的秘诀都在于要懂得你本人就是信息。
如果你能利用你的优点，别人就会愿意跟你在一起，并且愿意帮助你。
这些优点包括：外表、活力、语速、语音语调、手势、眼神，以及使他人对你保持兴趣的能力。别人对你的印象就是根据这些因素形成的。
想想有哪几次你确切知道你给人留下了好印象。你成功的原因又是什么？
那是因为你对你所谈论的事情非常投入，你当时完全沉浸其中，以至于完全没有了羞涩的感觉。
保持自我。
许多指导性的书籍会建议你大步走进一个房间，用你的优点给别人留下深刻印象。他们会教你以 “有力的握手”问候他人，并且告诉你要用双眼注视对方。可你如果遵循了所有这些建议，你会让所有的人都受不了——包括你自己。
诀窍在于要始终如一地保持自我，保持最佳状态的自我。给人印象最深的那些人从不随着情境的变化而改变自己。
无论是在与人交谈时，在园艺俱乐部上发表演说时，还是在求职面试中，他们的表现都是一样的。他们全身心地与人交流；他们的音调和手势与他们说的话保持着一致。
然而，演说家常常会传递一些混合不清的信息。
我最喜欢用来作例子的一类演说家是那些边看自己的鞋子边说“女士们、先生们，我很高兴来到这里”的人。
他们看上去并不高兴。
他们看上去气愤、恐惧或沮丧。
听众总是相信自己的亲眼所见胜过耳闻。
他们会想，“他告诉我他很高兴，可他并不是这样。他并没有说实话。”
用你的眼睛。
不管你是和一个人交谈，还是对一百个人发表讲话，始终记住你要看着他们。
有些人在开始说话时会直视你，但一句话刚说了几个字，他就会中断与你目光的接触，把目光移向窗外。
当你走进房间时，目光从容地扫视；然后直视房间里的人，并对他们微笑。微笑是很重要的，它表明你很放松。
有人认为走进一个有很多人的房间就像走进一个狮子笼。我不同意这种说法。
就算我同意，我也肯定不会看着自己的脚或是天花板。我会注视那头狮子。
别太当真。
一次在员工会议上，一位娱乐业最有影响的董事长由于一些微不足道的问题大发雷霆，责备每一位员工，为能使员工害怕自己而感到满足。
当他走向我，对我喊道，“还有你，艾尔斯，你在忙些什么？”
我说：“你是说现在？今晚？还是在我的余生中？”之后有片刻的沉默。接着董事长仰头放声大笑。其他人也跟着笑起来。幽默可以打破尴尬场合中的紧张气氛。
如果一定要我用几个字说出我的建议的话，那就是“别太当真”!你总会发现有一些人对待自己太过认真。
他们通常不是在沉思，就是在滔滔不绝地谈论自己。
仔细地观察一下你自己，你说“我”的次数是否过多？ 你通常是否将注意力集中在你个人的问题上？ 你是否经常抱怨？
对于上述问题，哪怕只有其中一个你给出的是肯定的回答，那么你就需要“别太当真”了。为了让别人感到自在，你自己先要表现得轻松。不必作出大的改变，只需要保持自我。
你本身已具备了给人留下良好印象的能力，因为要保持你的自我，只有你自己才能做得好，谁也代替不了你。Unit4b “我一看见他就喜欢上了他!”
“她甚至还没有开口说一个字，我就知道她很有趣。”
此类说法就是“快速判断”的例子，也就是迅速形成的根本没有充分理由的判断。多数人说这种快速判断是不可靠的，甚至是危险的。
但他们也承认他们常常会作出快速判断，并且发现这些判断是相当合理的。
像“一见钟情”或“瞬间成恨”这样的快速判断，如果被过于当真，通常会被看成是不成熟或缺乏判断力的表现。
当一个人对另一个人“有感觉”时，人们更多的是付之一笑，不会太在意。多数人认为了解一个人要通过在一段时间里倾听这个人说的话。
还有一些人说“说得好不如做得好”，这通常与信守诺言、付账、以及寄钱回家等行为相关。
由于人们以为“对你的了解是通过你的言谈”，他们就通过大量的交谈去结识对方。一旦两个人认识了，他们就会认为是谈话给了他们有关对方的信息。
然而，随着行为科学的发展，研究人员发现语言的重要性被高估了。
尽管语言是最显而易见的交流形式，但我们确实在使用其他一些交际形式。对于这些形式，我们也许只是部分地意识到了，而在有些情况下我们完全没有意识到。
我们有可能无意识地用我们的行为发出信息，这些信息又会被别人无意识地接收到，并藉以形成判断。
这些无意识的行为以及对它们产生的反应也许可以在某种程度上解释我们的“感觉”和“快速判断”。
研究人员发现，我们用形体进行着大量的交流——通过我们走、坐和站的方式，以及我们的手和头的动作。
想象一下：几个坐在一间等候室里的人，一个在用手指轻轻敲打公文包，一个在不停地揉搓双手，一个在咬自己的手指甲，一个用手紧抓着椅子的扶手，还有一个在不断地用手指梳理着头发。这些人都没有说话，但是如果你知道他们所使用的“形体语言”，他们实际上“说”了很多。
最“说明问题”的两种行为方式是开车和玩游戏。
注意一下一个人在这类情况下遇到压力时的反应，以及他们在其他情况下遇到挑衅性行为时的反应。
那些在开车和玩游戏时容易气愤、兴奋、消极或是愤恨的人也许会向别人揭示他们内心的那个自我。
尽管衣服纯粹是一种实际需要，但你的着装方式也会传递很多东西，如你的社会地位、精神状态，甚至你的渴望和梦想。
一个11岁的女孩穿得像个大学生，或是一个40岁的女人穿得像个十几岁的少女，她们都在通过自己的穿着表达某种信息。
你通过自己的服装所传达的信息肯定会影响到其他人，使他们认同你正在传递的自己的形象：在商界，一个穿着像个成功经理的人很有可能被提升到经理职位上来。
同样重要的还有一个人佩戴的饰物：徽章、奖章、珠宝等。
这些饰物常常是一个人显示其各方面情况的手段：信念（竞选运动徽章）、信仰（宗教标志）、作为某一特定组织成员的身份（俱乐部饰针或徽章）、昔日的成就（大学毕业纪念指环或PBK联谊会钥匙），以及经济状况（钻石）。
表现人本性的另一种标记在于其对建筑风格和家具的选择。一个确实愿意住在城堡里的人，如果生活在中世纪可能会更自在。
那些喜欢维多利亚式家庭住宅和家具的人也许在心底里欢迎更为严格的社会规范。对现代设计感到满意的人，现代的生活方式可能会使他们心满意足。
你初次见到一个人的时候，即使他不跟你说话，你也开始观察他了：他的行为、态度、衣着，以及许多其他东西。
如果你知道如何“解读”，就会发现其中包含着丰富的信息。也许快速判断并非那么不合理。Unit5a 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）是20世纪70年代末在美国发现的。
自那时以来，艾滋病已夺走了20.4万多美国人的生命——其中有一半是在过去几年中丧生的。此外，在100万感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有18.5万人也将在一年内死亡。
被诊断感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有一半是黑人和来自拉丁美洲的美国人。南部农村社区的妇女和青年是数量增长最快的艾滋病患者群体。
尽管数量大得惊人，但联邦和各州政府在实施防止艾滋病蔓延的计划方面行动迟缓。鉴于政府行动不力，许多地方性组织便应运而生了。
南卡罗来纳艾滋病教育网络机构成立于1985年，目的在于防止艾滋病病例数量的增加。和许多地方性组织一样，该组织缺乏资金，这迫使它创造性地使用其资源。为接触更多的社区居民，有些艾滋病教育计划在美发店实施。
美发店老板在顾客进来时向他们散发艾滋病资料，在他们等着头发晾干时，向他们放映有关预防艾滋病的录像片。
她还在店里放一些书籍和其他出版物，供顾客等候时阅读。她在工作的同时使许许多多人受到了教育，这一点着实让人赞叹。
最近，这一教育网络机构已开始帮助整个美国东南部的发型设计师们在他们的美发店里实施类似计划。
他们也是向学校、社区组织和教堂传播信息的有价值的资源。
这一组织还总结出了一些对其他从事同样工作的团体颇有裨益的方法。
尽管还没有一种能战胜艾滋病的方法，但这一网络机构在与艾滋病斗争中获得了以下经验：
以社区居民能接受的方式与他们交谈。
许多社区的居民受教育比例低，这使得向他们散发艾滋病资料、希望他们自己阅读这一做法不切实际。
为解决这一问题，需要请一些善于绘画的人来编写适合于教育程度低的居民阅读的艾滋病教育图书。
这些书采用简单的、手工绘制的“忧伤的脸”和“幸福的脸”等图画，说明防止感染艾滋病的方法。
这些书也展示一些看上去同那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片。当居民们看到熟悉的面孔和能够理解的语言时，就会发表更多的议论和看法。
这样一来，这些书在使用它们的社区里所产生的影响要比政府出版的书产生的影响大，而政府出版的书籍成本要高出数千美元。
培训青少年去教育自己的同龄人。
由于艾滋病在南部农村地区的青少年当中传播速度最快，发型设计师们设立了一个称为“艾滋病克星”的项目，培训8到26岁的青少年，让他们到社区给同龄人上“艾滋病101”课程。这些青少年使这门课程变得简单易学，在向他们的同龄朋友解释感染艾滋病的危险性时，他们干得比成年人出色得多。
他们在帮助父母理解孩子所经受的各种来自于同龄人的压力方面也起着重要作用。
对“存在危险”这一概念重新界定，从而把不同背景、不同婚姻状况的妇女都包括进去。一位妇女的医生对她说她不存在染上艾滋病的危险，因为她已经结婚，而且不吸毒。这类错误观念困扰着医疗机构。
根据疾病控制中心的预测，女性将占感染艾滋病病毒人数的80%。
发型设计师们也强调每个人都存在着危险，所以我们每个人都有权保护自己——无论结婚与否。
这些经验不是解决艾滋病危机的唯一方法，但在找到治疗艾滋病的方法之前，教育不失为预防感染艾滋病病毒的唯一安全措施。
和以前其他传染病不同，艾滋病这一传染性疾病有可能夺去一代人的生命，从而使另一代人失去双亲。
因而我们决不能让文化、种族和社会的障碍阻止我们专心从事我们必须做的工作。我们也不能因为政府工作效率低而放弃我们的工作。这是一场不宣而战的战争，我们每个人都必须参加，只有这样我们才能取得胜利。我们绝对不能因为谈论艾滋病会使我们感到难受，而听任人们继续被艾滋病夺去生命。每个人都必须成为教育者，必须学会生存。Unit5b 我登上梯子，听到起跳的指令，便开始做跃入空中的动作。
我用脚蹬跳板，臂膀向后抬起，但马上意识到身体下落时可能会靠近跳板，碰伤手。转动身体时，我努力纠正动作，尽量把胳膊张开。接着我听到一种奇怪的响声，身体就失去了控制。很快我便意识到自己的头部碰到了跳板。
开始时我觉得很尴尬，想藏起来，想离开游泳池，而不让别人发现。接着便感到十分恐惧。头碰破了吗？ 流血了吗？
游泳池里有没有血？
我游到池边，注意到许多张惊愕的脸。
人们都担心我头部是否受伤，而我却担心着比这更为可怕的事情。一位官员来检查我的头部。
我赶忙把他和其他所有接近我的人推开。“别碰我！”我几乎是在大叫，“走开！”
这是1988年在韩国汉城举行的奥运会预选赛。在这一跳之前，我的成绩名列前茅。但现在，另外一件事情比获胜更重要。
要是我的血溅到了游泳池里，就会危及其他跳水选手的生命。因为我知道——其他少数几个人也知道——我是艾滋病病毒携带者。
母亲告诉我，我的生身父母是萨摩亚人，我出生时他们才十几岁，所以他们把我送给别人抚养。我18个月大的时候便开始接受体操训练。10岁时我便在游泳池的跳板上训练。
由于我肤色黑，常常遭到学校里孩子们的辱骂。
放学回家时常常遭到欺负。尽管同龄孩子们让我觉得自己不如别人，但跳水却使我对自己有了信
心。
上七年级时，我开始吸毒。
在16岁时，我获得参加1976年奥运会的机会。
在决赛前一个月举行的预赛中，我获得了十米跳台和跳板的第一名！这是惊人的，因为我主要进行的是跳台训练。在决赛中我获得了跳台银牌。遗憾的是，我并不感到快乐。
相反，我觉得自己失败了，因为我没能获得金牌。之后，我就跟着著名的奥运跳水教练罗恩·布赖恩训练。罗恩了解我，帮我加大训练强度。我很快成了国际跳水运动的顶尖选手。
在1984年奥运会上我夺得两枚金牌：一枚跳台金牌，一枚跳板金牌。这是可喜的胜利。
除了罗恩和几个朋友外，那时没有人知道我是同性恋者。我害怕如果人们知道了这一情况会对我感到厌恶。
四年之后，当我为1988年汉城奥运会作准备时，得知我的伴侣得了艾滋病。我可能也是艾滋病病毒阳性或染上了艾滋病, 我得接受这一现实。当我知道自己的艾滋病检验结果是阳性时，我感到震惊和困惑。我会死去吗？
我想在88年奥运会上再铸辉煌的心愿会化为泡影吗？ 我该怎么办？
然而在这艰难的时刻，我却不能把这些告诉任何人，因为一旦人们知道我是艾滋病病毒阳性，我便不能参加奥运会比赛了。
汉城奥运会预赛时我头部碰到了跳板，大家都很吃惊。尽管如此，我还是进入了决赛。
第二天早晨训练时，教练让我从头部碰到跳板时的跳水动作开始练。起先我很害怕，但罗恩让我做了6次。每重复一次，我的信心就更增强一分。
在决赛的最后一跳时，我最后一次领略了水下的宁静，然后我游到池边。我不敢看计分牌，我看着罗恩的脸。
突然他跳了起来，人群欢呼了起来，我知道自己赢了——两枚金牌，一枚三米跳板金牌，一枚十米跳台金牌。
除了知道我是艾滋病病毒阳性的罗恩和几个朋友，没有人知道这是多么的不容易。
艾滋病迫使我停止跳水；这次奥运会之后，我只好退出职业跳水生涯。Unit6a 4月7日，星期六
我和史蒂夫已拖运垃圾整整四个小时了，中间只停下来说了约五分钟的话。
每次我将满满的一桶垃圾扛上肩，肩膀就痛得厉害，有时候扛着垃圾朝街上走，腿都打颤，可我心里却对自己说：“挺住，垃圾工，要挺住。”
我原本就没有想过这工作会有什么快乐可言。倒、扛、走、扛、走。时间过得飞快。
星期六意味着一路上大多数成年人会呆在家里。上学的孩子也一样。
我心里琢磨，这可能意味着我挨家挨户收垃圾时可以和人们多搭上几句话了。很多人在花园里或花房里干活儿。多数人看上去是可以说说话的。
虽没有工夫聊很久，但问候几句以示礼貌还是有时间的。
但我吃惊地发现并不是这么回事。
直到我在几家院子里问候了几次以后，才意识到这么做是不常见的。
偶尔，有人也会看着我，微笑一下，对我说一声“你好”，或者“今天天气真好”。这时，我还是感到有人情味儿。
可多数情况下，人们的反应要么是不理我，要么是因为我这个垃圾工竟然也和他们说话而惊讶地盯着我看。
一个身着家常便服的妇女见我绕过她家的拐角，脸上露出惊讶之色。
听到我向她打招呼，她就赶紧用衣服把自己严严实实地遮了起来，并匆忙退回屋里。
我还听到咔嗒一声门被锁上了。
另一个妇女，院子里养了一只巨大古怪的动物。我问她那是什么动物，她两眼盯着我。
我以为她耳背，所以提高了声音。她好像给吓着了似的，冷冷地转身走了。
这儿离垃圾场有很长一段路，在驾车去垃圾场的路上，史蒂夫气愤地叙说着这些事情。
“从多数人看你的那种眼光，就知道在他们眼里垃圾工是怪物。如果你对他们问声好，他们就惊奇地看着你。他们根本没想到我们也是人。”
“有个女人往垃圾箱里倒烟灰。我说，我们这样没法装运。
她说，‘我倒什么你管得着吗，你算什么东西? 你不过是个垃圾工罢了。’
我说，‘听着，太太，我的智商是137，高中毕业时是班上的尖子生。我干这活是为了挣钱，不是因为我只能干这个。’”
“我真想对他们说，‘你瞧瞧，我跟你们一样干净。’可这没用。我从不对任何人说我是垃圾工。我说我是卡车司机。
我家里人知道，可我妻子的家人不知道。
如果有人正好碰到，问‘你是给垃圾公司开车吗?’我就说是。我相信我们做的事是人们所需要的，就像当警察或者消防队员一样。我并不为此而感到见不得人，可我也不会到处去吹嘘自己的工作。”
“有一天，我妻子的一个朋友见到她孩子从家里跑出来看垃圾车，她就大声叫嚷起来，‘离那些垃圾工远点，他们身上脏’。我很生她的气。
我说，‘那些垃圾工和我们一样干净。’ ‘你好像很同情他们似的，’她说。‘是的，我是很同情他们。’ 可我从没有告诉她这是为什么。”
这活儿我原先只打算干两天，可现在我要干下去。
这可锻炼人呢，虽然肩部肌肉酸痛，可我扛垃圾桶越扛越得心应手了。我越干越快，越干越利索。在室外干活还可以呼吸新鲜空气，而且完全不像人们认为的那样，我干的活儿其实很干净。
我还决定继续在人家的院子里向人们说“你好”。这不会有什么坏处，而且感觉依旧不错。
说实话，我感到骄傲，我在做一项必不可少的工作。每晚工作结束时，我发现这个国家比早上更干净了。并不是许多人每晚都能这样说的。
约翰·加德纳曾写道，一个只赞扬哲学家而蔑视管道工的社会必定会出现麻烦。他警告说：“这个社会的管道和理论都会出问题。”
他也许应该进一步要求人们既尊重经济学家又尊重垃圾工；不然的话，他们都会在身后留下垃圾。Unit6b 星期天凌晨三点整，他终于把自己累死了。
当然，讣告并没有这么说，只说他死于心脏病。但是他的朋友和熟人很快就明白了是怎么回事。
他是个典型的A型人，工作成瘾。相互间他们这么说，摇着头，并且沉思五或十分钟，反思他们的生活方式。
此君叫菲尔，星期天凌晨三点整，把自己累死了。那天是他的休息日，可他却在工作。他把自己生命中的最后18年献给了那项工作。他51岁，是公司的一位副总裁。
更确切地说，他是六位副总裁之一，而且，假如公司总裁去世或者很快退休的话，他是有可能升至最高职位的三位副总裁之一。菲尔是休息不起的。
他每周工作六天，其中五天每天工作到晚上八点或九点，而此时他的公司除了当官的，其他人都已开始每周工作四天。
他拨不出时间来做户外活动，除非你把他每月打一次高尔夫球也算在内。对于菲尔来说，那也是工作。
他总是在办公桌上吃鸡蛋色拉三明治。当然，他比较胖，患有高血压。
每逢星期六，菲尔就穿运动茄克衫而不是西服去办公室，因为是周末。
他手下有很多人，大约60个，多数时候大多数人都喜欢他，敬慕他。其中三人将被认真考虑来接替他的工作。讣告对此避而不谈。
然而讣告却一一列出了被他“留下的人”。
在他身后有妻子海伦，她48岁，心地善良，但却没有特别的职业技能，结婚生子之前曾做过办公室工作。
据她女儿说，多年前孩子们还小时，她就放弃了与他的工作竞争。公司的一位朋友说：“我知道你将多么思念他。” 而她回答道：“我早已这样了。”
“这些年来思念着他，”她已经放弃了自己的一部分，这部分的她太关心这个男人了。从此她将“得到很好的关照”。
他“亲爱的孩子”中“亲爱的长子”在南方的一家制造公司当经理，工作很努力。在安葬父亲的前一天，他走访了邻居，试图多了解他的父亲。邻居们很尴尬，只能装作比事实上更了解他的父亲。
他的第二个孩子是个女儿，今年24岁，刚刚结婚。
她住在她母亲附近，两人关系亲密。但是，以前每当她和父亲单独在一起时，比如开车去什么地方时，两人几乎无话可说。
最小的是个男孩，今年20岁，是个高中毕业生。和他的许多朋友一样，他满足于打零工，以维持吃饭和吸大麻。他父亲的工作不适合他。虽然如此，他依然努力理解他父亲，努力表明自己对他很重要，以此将他拴在家里。他是他父亲的最爱。
在过去的两年里，菲尔常为担心这个男孩而睡不着觉。
这男孩有一次说道：“我和我父亲只住在这里。”
在葬礼上，60岁的公司总裁告诉48岁的寡妇，51岁的死者对公司非常重要，公司会思念他，很难找到人来代替他。寡妇不敢正面看他。
她担心他会看出她的不快。毕竟，她需要他来理清他们之间的财务——优先认股权等等之类。
菲尔身体胖，弦总是绷得紧紧的，工作太卖力。如果他不在办公室，他就放心不下。他是容易患心脏病的那种人。
在一大群人中，你一眼就能将他辨认出来。
因此，当他星期天凌晨三点整终于把自己累死时，没有人真正感到吃惊。
安葬的那天下午五点，公司总裁开始（当然非常谨慎地）向他的左右询问接替菲尔的人选（三者之一）的情况。
他问大家：“谁工作最卖力？” Unit7a 和大多数城里人一样，我非常小心谨慎。
在把车开进车库前，我会扫视街道和周围的小路，看看有没有异常的人或物。那天晚上也不例外。
可是当我手里拿着肯德基炸鸡走出车库时，一个身材圆胖、留着短髭、头戴绒线帽、身穿深色尼龙夹克的年轻人从停车处旁的灌木丛中钻出来，把手枪顶在我的双眼之间。
“交出来，他妈的──，”他威胁道，“交出来。”
“嗨，”我说，“拿去吧。”
我一边说，一边把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁边的花盆上，同时设法把我房子的钥匙扔进灌木丛中。
“你的钱在哪儿? 你的钱在哪儿?”他吼道。
在我们遭遇的全过程中，他会重复自己说的每一句话；出于本能，我也同样重复着自己的话。
“在我钱包里，在我钱包里。”我说。
他走到我的背后，把枪顶在我的脖子上，开始搜我的裤子口袋。
“钱包在哪儿?”他问。
“在后面的口袋里。”
“还有呢?”
“我就这么多钱了。”
“手表在哪儿?”
“在这儿，”我边回答边把左臂伸出去。
就在这时，他的同伙出现了。
他很瘦小，手持一支加大的蓝色钢制手枪。
他深色的眼睛里闪着光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和双腿毫无预示地移动着，就好像是连着看不见的电线似的。
他厉声说道，“不许看我们，不许看我们。”
他并不蠢。
我看过许多刑事审判，因而知道在那些武装袭击的受害者中，很少有人能够辨认出袭击他们的人，因为他们的注意力全集中在枪上，而没有注意持枪人。我有意识地留意了一下他们的面部细节。
“我没有看你们。”当那个大个子劫匪把手表从我的手腕上扯下来时，我撒了个谎。“趴下，趴下，”那小个子命令我，并一把摘下了我的眼镜，把它扔到草坪上。
这时，我已面朝下趴在了地上，前额紧贴着地面的泥土。
那个大个子劫匪用枪顶着我的后脑勺，小个子用手枪紧紧顶着我左边的太阳穴。
我当时想，“这下完了。莱斯利会受不了的。主啊，可怜可怜我这个有罪的人吧。”
“这是什么?”大个子问道。
我把头转向右边。
“是肯德基炸鸡，”我说。
“我们要带走，”大个子厉声说道。
于是，突然间，劫匪们手里拿着钱包、手表和炸鸡，脚步声在黑暗的街道上越来越远。
我转过身，看见他们的影子钻进了一辆汽车，急速地开走了。
他们没有杀我，但他们为什么这么做呢? 是仁慈? 是因为时间太紧而顾不上? 还是因为饥饿?
“多奇怪啊，”我心中暗想，“竟然是炸鸡救了我的命。我看到的是死亡，而他们看到的是食物。”
我站起身来，找到了钥匙，进了屋，然后拨通了911。接线员记下了我对劫匪的描述，然后派了辆警车来。
我为自己倒了一杯烈性酒，不一会儿，两个穿制服的洛杉矶警察局的警察就到了。他们对此事作了笔录，说“幸好”没有受伤。
“但是，” 临走时一个警察对我说，“他们拿走了你的炸鸡，这实在太不像话了。”
后来，一个警察打电话来询问其他细节。
他说这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的实施者。
他让我到警察局去看一下疑犯的照片。
于是，上周一我翻看了相簿大小的几本照片，多数是年轻人的──令人惊讶的是其中有相当一部分实际上还是孩子。
一张张翻看并研读这些照片，仿佛漂流在一条让人伤心的河流上，就像身处英国诗人布莱克笔下的泰晤士河，似乎“看见每一个过往行人都是满脸饥色，一副苦相”。
这些年轻人聚合在一起构成了一条河流──一条已失去控制的河流，这条河流正吞噬着我们所珍视的东西的基础：我们的行动自由，我们的劳动果实，我们的生命，以及那些我们所珍视的人的生命。
总有一天，我们将不得不面对这条河流，并探索其对现实不满的深层原因。
而目前，我们所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片，并参与到构筑抑制犯罪的大坝中去。Unit7b
我有一支黑色手枪，手柄是棕色的。
手枪就搁在我的床头，里面装着五颗子弹，并且总是上了膛的。
我一贯主张控制枪支，奇怪的是我现在依然主张控制枪支。
以前我没有枪，并不是因为我对有关犯罪的统计资料不了解，也不是因为我自认为可以不受暴力的袭击。
以前我认为自己不相信暴力，我自己也没暴力倾向，所以我不会受到暴力的侵袭。我还认为我对人性本善的信念会使这一假想成为现实。
我应该把枪从住所带到车上，但是我没有这样做。
这支枪可以做的、被用来做的，比它所能阻止的更让我感到恐惧。
如果我带着枪的时候遭到了袭击，那我就一定会用它来杀人，而不仅仅是伤人。
我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的袭击，并不是真的遇到这种事： 一个男子正在街上走。
我锁上车，朝公寓走去，拿着钥匙准备开门。
还没有走到门口，我觉得我听到一个声音在说，“把钱给我。” 在我打开门之前我又听到了一个声音，然后我转过身，看到了一个持枪的人。
他很害怕。
我害怕我会吓着他，致使他朝我开枪，我还担心我把钱给他以后，他仍然会朝我开枪。我同样也很生气，因为一个我从未见过、也从未伤害过的人在用枪指着我。
我想象的这起抢劫中有某种令我不安的东西，这是我不愿承认的东西，这是因为羞愧而被我有意略去的东 西。
我明白我为什么会想象自己遭到一个男子的抢劫：他们在身体上占有优势，而且我也从没听说有谁遭到过一个女人的抢劫。
但为什么这个人是个黑人呢? 为什么是个穿着破旧T恤, 双眼发亮的黑人男子呢? 为什么不是个白人?
我想象我站在克莱尔本街和杰克逊街拐角处的一个加油站等待付款，这时，一个黑人从我身后走来。
我没有回头，而是正眼朝前看，等着付款。
我尽量不表现出自己的焦虑，而这种焦虑的产生仅仅是因为在一个名声不好的街区的加油站有一个黑人从我身后走来，而且他没有汽车。
我又想象另一种可能性。
当我听见那个声音时，我正带着枪在街上走。那人一定没看见我的枪。
我很生气，因为我受到了威胁，因为有人为了得到我口袋里的钱而危及着我的生命。
于是我转过身，既愤怒又恐惧，还未细想就开了枪。我也许只是因为50或100美元就杀了一个人。他曾试图抢劫我，可这一点并不重要。
一个人因为钱而死，不一定是我的钱或者是他的钱，只是钱。是谁给他的生命如此标价的呢?
我记得有一个晚上和朋友一起开着她父母的车，在卡尔顿街和图兰街交叉处遇到红灯，车停了下来。这时有一个黑人从我们车前穿过马路。我的朋友便不由自主地锁上了车门。
我很讨厌她一看到那个黑人就锁上车门的举动。不知他是否注意到了我们这一举动。
不知当别人一看到你就锁上车门，那会是一种什么样的感觉。
我又设想另外一种在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒的情景。当一个人向我要钱时我正带着枪。我很生气又很害怕，但我没有用枪。
我害怕在我不使用枪的情况下可能发生的事情，但我更害怕杀死别人，害怕在因为杀了人而使良心遭受的无尽谴责中活着。
于是我以生命做赌注，希望他拿了我的钱就会离开。但愿我能赢。
现在我走进了我家附近的一家加油站。一个黑人已经在排队等候。
他突然跳起来并转过身，在看见我以后才放松下来，对我说我吓着他了，因为这一带常出事。
“对不起，”我微笑着说。
我意识到担惊受怕的并不只是我一个人。Unit8a
奇思妙想是如何形成的，现在还没有令人满意的解释。
你对某一个问题思考了很久，直至感到疲劳，把它忘掉了，也许暂时不去想它了，可后来却忽然来了灵感!
当你不去想它的时候，答案却突然从天而降，仿佛上苍赐予你的一份礼物。
当然，并非所有的思想都是这样产生的，但许多思想的产生确实如此，尤其是那些最为重要的思想。
它们猛然间跃入人的脑海，闪烁着创造的光芒。
它们是如何出现在人的脑海中的呢?这还是个谜。但这些思想一定来自某个地方。我们姑且假定它们是来自“潜意识”吧。这是有道理的，心理学家就是用这一术语来描述不为人知的思维过程。创造性思维有赖于未知的东西变成已知的东西。
我们都有过灵机一动、突然有了一个新想法的经历，而这在那些富有创造性的天才人物身上最显而易见。他们中的许多人对这种经历有着强烈的感受，并在回忆录和信函中将其记录了下来。无论是宗教、哲学、文学，还是艺术、音乐，甚至数学、科学、技术发明，在任何领域的天才人物身上，我们都能找到这样的例子，虽然人们常常认为数学、科学以及技术发明所依赖的仅仅是逻辑和实验。
一切真正创造性的活动都在某种程度上依赖于潜意识中的这些信号；一个人洞察力越强，这些信号就越鲜明、越引人注目。
以理查德·瓦格纳创作《莱茵河的黄金》的前奏曲为例。
有关“钟声”的创意瓦格纳已经构思了几年时间，而他竭尽全力着手进行作曲也已经数月。1853年9月4日他抵达斯佩齐亚，当时他正在生病。他去了一家旅馆。由于旅馆外面噪音太大，而他又在发烧，所以他无法入睡。第二天，他出去散步，走了很长的路，下午，他一头扎进沙发想睡一觉。
这时候，他的潜意识长期以来一直在寻找的奇迹发生了。
他进入了似睡非睡的朦胧状态，骤然间感觉到自己仿佛掉进了滔滔洪水之中, 不断地下沉，很快，洪水的冲击声和咆哮声以音乐的形式呈现在他的脑海里。
他意识到，久存于心中、却始终未能谱写成的《莱茵河的黄金》管弦乐前奏曲终于在他脑海里形成了。
在这个事例中，意识在创作的时候对发现答案的实际过程一无所知。
作为对照，我们可以举一个有名的事例，即法国伟大的数学家亨利·庞加莱发现被称为富克斯函数的数学新方法的故事。
我们看到，在这位天才人物身上，意识活动事实上一直注视着潜意识所起的作用。一连几个星期，他每天伏案工作，花上一两个小时尝试着大量的组合，但毫无结果。一天夜里，他一反常规，喝了些清咖啡，无法入睡。
许多想法在他脑子里不断涌现；他几乎能感觉到这些想法在相互碰撞，直到其中的两个结合在一起，形成了一个稳定的组合。
到了早晨，他已经确证了一类富克斯函数的存在。他只需去证明其结果，而这只需要几个小时即可以解决。
在这件事中，我们看到意识一直注视着在潜意识中形成的新组合，而瓦格纳的例子则显示了一个
新想法在意识中的突然迸发。
笛卡尔23岁时所做过的、决定了他的人生道路的一些梦，可以作为第三种创造性经历的例证。在这之前，笛卡尔一直在寻找确定性，先是在书本里，然后是在人群中，但均未成功。然后，在1619年11月10日的一次睡梦中，他有了一个意义重大的发现，即确定性只存在于自己的思想中，“我思，故我在”。这场梦使他充满了强烈的宗教热情。
瓦格纳、庞加莱和笛卡尔的经历代表了各个文化领域中无数其他的经历。潜意识无疑是本能活动产生的源泉。
然而，在创造性思维过程中，正是潜意识使得相对无序的成分变成新的有序形式。Unit8b
客人已经到了, 但我又一次忘了把葡萄酒放进冰箱里。“别担心，” 一位朋友说，“我马上就能替你把酒冰好。”
五分钟后，她拿着完全冰镇好的葡萄酒从厨房走出来。
当被问到有什么秘诀时，她说：“我把葡萄酒倒进塑料袋里，再把袋子浸入冰水中。”
客人们鼓掌喝彩。
其中一个说，“要是我们大家都能这么聪明, 该多好啊!”
十年来的研究使我确信, 我们都能变得那样聪明。
普通人与爱迪生、毕加索或者莎士比亚之间的差别不在于是否有创造力, 而在于是否有通过激发创造性灵感并将这种灵感付诸实践来利用创造力的能力。
我们大多数人很少能充分发挥自己的创造潜力，可蕴藏在我们每个人大脑里的思想宝库是能够被开启的。
下面介绍几种提高创造力的具体方法。
捕捉稍纵即逝的想法。
好的想法就像兔子，会飞快地溜走，有时我们只能看到它的耳朵或者尾巴。所以, 要抓住它必须有所准备。
有创造力的人总是随时准备采取行动——这也许是我们与这些人之间的唯一差别。
1821年，路德维希·凡·贝多芬在给朋友的一封信中谈到他在马车上打盹时想到了一首美妙的曲子，“可我一醒来, 那首曲子便无影无踪了，我怎么也记不起来。”
好在当贝多芬第二天乘坐同一辆马车时，那首曲子又回到了他的脑海，于是他把它记录了下来，这对于贝多芬和我们都可谓是一件幸事。
有好主意的时候，把它写下来——必要时就写在手臂上。并非所有的想法都有价值, 但先捉住它, 以后再作评价。
冥思遐想。
画家萨尔瓦多·达利经常手拿着勺子躺在沙发上。当他要入睡时，勺子就会掉到地板上的盘子里。
响声会将他惊醒，他便立刻把在那个似睡非睡时的丰富世界里脑海中所浮现出来的众多形象绘成草图。
人人都会经历这种奇特的状态，并可以加以利用。不妨试一试达利的方法或者干脆让自己随心所欲地遐想。
身处“三地”——床、浴室和公共汽车——常常会使你产生奇思妙想。只要你的思维不受干扰，你就会才思如泉涌。
寻找挑战。
试一试邀请你生活中不同领域的朋友和商业伙伴来参加晚会。
把不同年龄、不同社会地位的人组合在一起，会促使你用新的方法来思考问题。
美国最具创造力的发明家之一埃德温·兰德说，使他产生发明宝丽来相机这一想法的是他三岁的女儿。
1943年在去圣菲游览时，女儿问他，为什么她无法看到他刚刚拍摄的照片。
在接下来的一小时里，兰德一边在圣菲游览，一边在脑中汇聚着他学过的所有化学知识。“照相机和胶片对于我变得清晰可见。在我的脑海里，它们如此真实，我用了好几个小时琢磨它们。”
拓展你的视野。
许多理工和人文科学方面的发现都融合了不同领域中的思想。以“两绳问题”为例。
两根相距甚远的绳子分别从天花板上垂下来。
尽管你无法同时够到两根绳子，但有没有可能只用一把钳子就把两根绳子系到一起呢?
一位大学生把钳子系到一根绳子上，然后让它像钟摆那样摆动起来。在绳子来回摆动的时候，他迅速走到另一根绳子那儿，将其尽量向前拉。当摆动的绳子靠近他时，他把它抓住，然后将两根绳子系到一起。
当被问到是如何取得成功时，这个大学生解释道，他刚刚上完一堂有关摆动的物理课。他是把课堂上学到的知识应用到了一个完全不同的地方。
这个道理在其他方面也同样有效。要提高创造力，就得学习新的知识。
如果你是银行家，就学一学跳踢踏舞；如果你是护士，就学一学维他命疗法。读一本关于某一门新学科的书，不要总是读同一家日报。
新的东西与旧的东西会以全新的、可能是非常诱人的方式结合起来。
要变得更有创造力意味着你得留心你那些无穷无尽的想法, 学会捕捉你脑子里的新东西，并将之付诸行动。Unit9a
一个大学教授的学生可能多达百人或百人以上，也可能少至三人。不管有多少学生，这当中总有一个学生与众不同，甚至是出类拔萃。不管教授的问题有多艰深，这种学生似乎都知道该如何作答。而且不管要求什么时候交功课，他都能按时交，而且不犯一点错误。
你当然知道有这样的学生，也许他会激起你心中的怨气。
当然了，能成为这样的人会是一件非常美妙的事情，但是因为不是你本人表现得那么优秀，你拿不出高分，也不能游刃有余地完成作业，于是怨气越积越多。
你也许会自问：“为什么我就不能像那家伙一样呢？为什么我就成不了出类拔萃的人呢？” 那我现在就告诉你，你能成为那样的人。
作为一个大学生，我对好学生和差学生所体现出的不同之处非常感兴趣。
我并没有坐着不动，也没有嫉恨好学生，相反，我决定以此为己任去调查是什么神秘的原因让他们表现优异。
在访谈了很多优秀学生及其教授后，我通过分析得出了几条建议，任何人都可以采纳这几条建议来激发自己身上的优秀潜质，使自己更上一层楼。
第一条建议是：不要拖欠。
对于学习，开始动手就很难，但如果你想把三周的学习任务在一个周末就搞定，几乎是不可能的。即使阅读速度最快的人也难以完成。
再说了，如果该交的书面作业你拖欠了的话，就是老师后面收了也会扣你的分。或许他根本就不接受迟交的作业。
大多数老师都认为，你应该有合理的学习计划，并且要认真对待。不能处理好学习和时间问题的学生是难以有机会出头的。
学习中的一个大问题就是如何应付大量的学习资料；东西太多了，你简直不知道何从下手。很多人可能想从最容易的做起，然而，这种想法是错误的。得考虑换种方式。
应该总是从最困难的地方入手，先除掉拦路虎。也许这需要你投入更多的精力。
如果你开始就选择从难的部分下手，你就会投入更多的精力。
如果任务个个都看起来一样简单（或困难），那就把最喜欢的留到最后做。
在十一点半的时候你会更愿意去阅读那些听起来都的确有趣的政治学文章，而不太情愿去学习法语不规则动词，那任务让人觉得十分枯燥，但又不能不做。完成困难的后再做有趣的会让人觉得这是对自己的犒劳。这是第二条建议。
第三条建议跟考试有关。
尽管我们在学校里参加过千百次的考试，但我们却很少停下来想想怎样考好试。考试考得好的人并不是马不停蹄做到底，见一个问题就答一个。首先，他们快速通读试题。
接着，他们集中精力完成自己掌握得最好的部分，因为有自信，所以回答得也快。最后他们才处理有一定难度的问题。
对你来说，适应这一套应付考试的做法可能显得怪异，但它确实会对你有好处。
这三条建议会让你学业更加成功。
如果你问一下自己周围表现优异的同学，你会发现更多的好点子。
要向他人学习，采用他们的方法来改善自己的学习状况，这样你肯定会提高自己的学业成绩。过一段时间后，你会发现，你自己就是一个“与众不同”的人。然后你也会注意到其他学生正妒忌你或者想方设法去发现你的秘诀。Unit9b
这个问题无处不在。
从走廊到校园的每个角落到处都能听到这个问题。每个人都在问这个问题。它是新的流行词汇，新的搭讪语，比“你是什么星座的？”用得还多。不过我却难以作答。我讨厌这个问题。
我的专业尚未确定，就跟那些尚在腹中刚刚开始孕育的婴儿一样。而且，按照我的态势，我只能等着流产了。看着可供选择的专业目录，我还是拿不定主意。我会因为犹豫不决而不得不退学吗？
如果这个难题解决不了，我的生活会没有了快乐吗？
明天是确定专业的最后一天。最后一天哪！
其他每个人都在快乐地生活着，他们都选定了学习目标，憧憬着未来。这个决定实在是重大之极，我仍然没有取得大的进展。“甭着急，”朋友们会说，“你总还可以学商业”。
商业？ 我不干。我是个艺术家。宁死也不学商业。
实际上，我甚至连大学都可以不上，只要出去闯世界就行了，我出众的技艺和能力很快就会得到认同。就在我命运即将被决定的前夜，我父母设宴款待他们的两个朋友。
终于可以歇口气了！难道我父母的朋友会关心专业什么的？
我可以心平气和地吃饭，可以暂时摆脱这个问题休息几小时了。不过我错了，他们谈的内容都跟专业有关。
他俩都把自己的专业讲给我听，还对我该选什么专业发表意见。尽管如此，他们的建议根本不能让我在选专业的道路上有任何进展，而是让我更加糊涂。
我们的客人似乎都不太适合他们所选的工作。
就说艾尔肯斯医生吧，他宣称自己是外科手术专家，可连切肉都成问题。而艾伯森先生虽然是个海军飞行员，却连饭都喂不到嘴里去。他老是把饭往地板上掉。
我无法想象他开战斗机的技术会是什么样子。
饭吃完了，客人也离开了，夜更深了，而我的专业还是处于“未定”状态。
我把专业目录拿出来，又开始一页页地翻看起可选的专业来，这都翻得有上百万次了。计算机？
学计算机的人已经数不胜数了。汉语？
我倒是一直想去中国，但似乎我到中国也用不着学汉语专业，甚至也不需要流利地说汉语。机械？ 不。广告？ 还是不行。真是没指望了。
像其他大学生常常做的一样，我决定只管睡上一阵子，只要早点醒来，我就能给这个巨难的问题找到答案。
我也闹不太清楚为什么大学生会认为他们的大脑在凌晨两点到六点之间会发生特殊的处理过程，让他们一下子把事情都弄清楚。
这办法过去对我是管用的，但这次却失效了。
实际上，跟其他大学生也常常可能遇到的情形一样，我睡过头了，早上10点才醒过来，错过了第一堂课──英语文学概况。我还有三个小时来决定将来致力于哪个工作，或者做随便什么事情。
我总还可以学商业。
在冲向学校的时候，我路过了一家电影院，那里正在上映《一次不够》。这部电影取材于杰奎琳·苏珊的畅销小说，大卫·简森主演。等等！电影，我喜欢电影！
我可以学习电影专业。不行，没有电影这个专业。
“但有电影制作专业”，我想起来了。就是它了！
我曾经迷茫，但现在我找回自我了。我有专业了！
十五年后，我想起了我那些朋友，他们当时确定了专业，满怀信心地开始自己的大学生涯。想起那些到处问“你学什么专业？”的朋友们，现在他们中极少有人从事自己当初所选专业方面的工作。
我最后也没有成为电影制作人。有时候我仍然感到自己专业“未定”。
只要你的大学生活是丰富多彩的，你学什么专业真的无关紧要。你要参加自己感兴趣的活动，乐于了解这个世界。你有充足的时间来决定将来做什么工作。Unit10a
我祖父母认为，一个人要么诚实，要么不诚实，两者之间没有折中可言。
在他们起居室的墙上挂着一句朴实无华的格言：“生活如新雪覆盖的大地，走过之处必定留下足迹。”
他们没有必要去用语言作出解释, 因为他们用自己的生活方式印证了这一真理。他们生来就认为，所谓正直，就是有自己的道德界定标准，既不贪财图利，也不因所处的环境而妥协。
正直是判断自身行为的心灵标尺。
遗憾的是，正直这一品格如今已不多见，而且越来越难寻觅了。
但它却是社会各领域的真正基础，也是我们必须要求自己遵循的一条原则。
检验这一价值观的一个好办法就是运用本人所说的“正直三角原则”，即下列三大原则：
在面对个人压力的时候要坚定自己的信念。
有这样一个故事，讲的是一位外科护士第一天到一家知名医院的医疗小组协助手术的故事。她的责任是确保将手术中的每样手术器械和手术材料都如数清点好。
这位护士对主刀医生说：“您只拿出了11块止血纱布，而我们一共用了12块。我们必须找到最后那一块纱布。”
“我全拿出来了，” 外科医生肯定地对她说。“现在开始缝合刀口。”
“您不能这样做，先生，”护士坚决反对，“我们应该为病人着想。”
医生露出了笑容，他抬起脚，让护士看到了第12块纱布。
“你在这家医院或其他任何一家医院都会干得很出色的。”他用肯定的语气对她说。
所以，当你确信自己是正确的，就决不能让步。
总是给予别人他们应得的表扬。
不要害怕那些主意比你妙甚至比你聪明的人。
戴维·奥格尔维是奥美广告公司的创始人，他送给新任命的各部门主管每人一个俄罗斯套娃，每个套娃从大到小依次有五个娃娃，以此来说明这个道理。
最小的那个娃娃里面装着奥格尔维要告诉他们的话：“如果我们每个人都聘用比我们小的人，那么我们的公司就会变成一个矮子公司。但是如果我们每个人都聘用比我们大的人，那么奥美广告
公司就会变成一家巨人公司。”
而奥美广告公司后来真的变成了巨人——国际上规模最大、名望最高的广告公司之一。
要诚实坦白地表现真正的自我。
缺乏实实在在内涵的人会去依靠外部因素——如长相或地位——来保持良好的自我感觉。他们必然会不择手段地去维护自己的这种假面具，而不太会去努力提高自己的内涵和素质。
因此，要表现出真正的自我。
别去设法掩盖生活中那些不尽人意的方面。
正如罗伯特·舒勒所说，“艰苦的时光终将过去，坚强的人必将苦尽甘来。” 换言之，要正视现实，要以成熟的心态去迎接生活的挑战。
自尊和问心无愧是正直的两个重要组成部分，也是加深你与他人关系的基础。
为人正直意味着去做你应该做的事，因为那是对的，而不是因为合乎潮流或迎合了政治上的需要。在生活中如果能坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的种种诱惑，那你就会永远立于不败之地。这样，你在跨入21世纪的时候，就不必为自己过去的所做所为而抱憾。这就是我祖父祖母教给我的做人的道理。Unit10b
对一代又一代的学生来说，写学期论文即使不是最可怕的作业，也至少一直是让他们头疼和沮丧的主要原因。
但是对于那些可以上网的人来说，借助几次链接就可以窃取到相关的资料。
当代学生若想抄袭学期论文，用不着费劲去查找。
他只要找对网址，就可以在那儿购买、预定或免费下载网上的论文。
例如在“大学关心网助研中心”就能办到。
你想“写”一篇关于“哈姆雷特所面临的不可调和的道德困境”的论文吗? 只要交上29.75美元，文章就归你了。
对于那些觉得这还太贵的人来说，可以另觅他法。
“大学关心网”以每页5.95美元的价格出售收录在档的现成论文，且“论文质优价低”。这样，对于那些在乎价格的学生来说，买上几页就可大功告成了。“论文精粹”是另一个学生援助网站，它提供“优质” 而“价廉”的学期论文。“让您称心、保您成功”，这是该网站向潜在客户夸下的海口。
如果你实在太懒或实在太忙，没时间写学期论文，那么“论文精粹”时刻恭候着你。只要一次性交费9.95美元，你就能在一整学期看到别人的论文。
有的网址，如“学期论文大卖场”和“绝对免费：网上论文”免费提供课程论文。也就是说，只要你找到了想要的文章，你只需按一下键，然后下载即可。
当然，学生们对这些网上资源了如指掌，于是有人担心，因特网一旦成为广受欢迎的最佳学习工具，也可能会变成作弊的最佳辅助手段。
对于教师来说，他们面对的问题是要分辨学生是否是论文的真正作者。
不过，据简·莫里森助教解释，对于眼光敏锐的老师来说，这件事也许不太难。
“如果文章是来自因特网，学生会不敢正眼看我，他们会表现出不安，只是低头看着自己的双脚。而如果论文是自己一字一句写出来的，这样的学生能就自己的文章侃侃而谈，而且敢正视我。”莫里森说。
抄袭学期论文并不是什么新鲜事，多年来人们一直在用盗来的知识财富做交易。但是因特网的出现提出了这样一个问题：这种新技术是否在使作弊变得更为普遍?
伯克利大学的一位高级管理人员对此表示怀疑。
“对想要作弊的学生来说，不管技术水平如何，他都会作弊。认为因特网这种新工具会提高作弊的发生率，我觉得这是一种偏激的观点。”加里·汉德曼说。
这一观点得到了伯克利大学一位名叫阿里亚尼·彻诺克的研究生的支持。他说，学生们最终还是要靠自己来判断怎样做对自己最有利。
“这是个关乎诚实与否的问题。我们来这儿是学知识的，所以我们应该充分利用这个学习机会。”
再则，有创造力的教师可以布置出学生无法作弊的作业来。
“如果你布置的作业新颖独特，比如学生们必须根据给定的内容写一份讲义、写一个剧本，或用
第一人称写一篇叙述文，那么你就能制止来路不正的作业。”图书馆媒体教师莱斯利·法默如是说。
有的专家说，这种策略将从根本上迫使学生去更多地学习，而不只是下载网上的资料。
第三篇：新视野大学英语读写教程第一册答案
1.The kind and patient teacher and her positive method of praising all students often.2.In junior middle school, his English teacher was kind and patient.He liked to answer questions in class and he made much progress in English.But, in his senior middle school, his teacher punished those who gave wrong answers.He didn’t want to answer questions any more in class.As a result, he did not make much progress in English.3.In college and junior middle school, his English teachers were both patient and kind, but he didn’t have as many chances to answer questions in college as he did in junior middle school.4.It requires much time, commitment and discipline to keep up with the flow of the course.5.Hard work.6.He could take all the time he needed to consider his ideas and write a reply before posting it on the screen.7.Learning a foreign language taught him the value of hard work and gave him insights into another culture.8.He could communicate with many more people than before.《读写教程 I》:Ex.III, p.7 1.embarrass 2.Discipline 3.access 4.positive 5.commitment 6.frustrate 7.intimidate 8.reap
《读写教程 I》:Ex.IV, p.8
1.into 2.into 3.from 4.with 5.to 6.about 7.with/in 8.in
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.8 1.Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a beautiful sight.2.Not wanting to meet John there, he refused to attend the party.3.Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to the cottage.4.It rained for two weeks, completely ruining our holidays.5.Staring into space, the small girl felt frustrated at what the teacher asked her.《读写教程 I》:Ex.VI, p.8 1.Not only does he easily accept other people’s opinions, but he is also patient.2.Not only does she sing beautifully but she also dances wonderfully.3.Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.4.Not only did we learn the technology through an online course but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.5.Not only did Smith learn the Chinese language but also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.《读写教程 I》:Ex.VII, p.9
1.We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of English.2.With the mayor’s help, we were at last allowed access to those people who suffered from the traffic accident.3.Bob and Frank didn’t get along well with each other.It was embarrassing that they were to work in the same department.4.As a boy, I used to intimidate my sister into crying by telling her that a wolf was coming.5.It is not easy to do scientific research;it requires time, energy and money as well as discipline and commitment.Section BKeys to Successful Online Learning
Reading Skills 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B Comprehension of the Text 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.20 1.absolute 2.unique 3.commit4.facilitate 5.reinforced 6.sequential 7.arose 8.forum
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.20 1.to 2.in 3.on 4.for 5.on 6.of 7.In 8.up
2.Unit 2 Section A.A Busy Weekday Morning《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.31 1.Rock music woke up her up.2.He didn’t like the music his daughter listened to;he thought it was horrible stuff.3.No, because she thought the music had a really powerful message.4.Because her mother or father would bang on the door to rush her.5.She was going to have a music class because her mother reminded her to take the instrument with her.6.No.Instead, she thought her mother was bugging her.7.She was serious and letting her daughter know she was speaking to her as her parent.8.They suggest that there is a gap between the two generations.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.32 1.weekdays 2.Youngsters 3.annoyed 4.definitely 5.disgusting 6.powerful 7.disturb 8.offensive
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.32 1.down/off 2.off 3.up/on 4.on 5.for 6.of/about 7.up 8.off/out
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.32 1.Kate saw her brother Bill as she was getting off the school bus.2.As she was standing up from her seat, Mother dropped her glass.3.A policeman fired at the thief as he was bolting out of the house.4.As she ran to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her talk with her mother.5.All the students shouted “Happy birthday” to the teacher as he entered the classroom.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.33 1.She listened to her favorite rock music while singing along with the words.2.She was putting on her jeans while asking me to hand her the sweater.3.He banged on the door while opening it.4.In the bathroom she put on some makeup while looking in the mirror.5.The school master looked angrily at the naughty student while talking with his parents.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.33 1.Mr.Finch burst into her room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?” 2.I like rock music because it usually has a strong rhythm and a powerful message.3.As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start to bug him.4.Generation gaps exist in the United States as well as in China.5.As her mother bugged Sandy much more than before, she argued with her mother a lot more than usual, too.Section BParent Talk
Reading Skills 1.O 2.O 3.F 4.F 5.O 6.O 7.F 8.F Comprehension of the Text 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.43 1.appeals 2.concern 3.permanent 4.influence 5.rebels 6.identity 7.upset8.tuneless/tuneful
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.43 1.It makes my blood boil when I read about violence among young people.2.This kind of jeans is old-fashioned now;young people do not like to wear them any more.3.This computer often freezes.I want to get rid of it.4.Our youngsters’ way of expressing their identity is different from ours.5.In America the news is full of stories about teenagers who are in trouble with drugs.6.On her way to work, Jane was still thinking about / thought about her daughter.7.Don’t press your young daughter too hard, or she’ll drop out of high school.8.Come and see me in my office after class, and we’ll talk over your problems.Unit 3 Section A.A Good Heart to Lean on
《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.57 1.He felt embarrassed to be seen with his father, because his father was severely crippled and very short.2.His father always said:“You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”
3.He means that it is a matter of pride for his father to have almost never missed a day and have made it to the office even when/if others could not.4.In very bad weather his father went to work with the help of the writer and his sisters, who would pull their father through the street on a child’s wagon with steel runners to the subway station.5.In an office building on top of a subway station in Manhattan.6.Having a “good heart” is the proper standard to judge people by, according to the writer now he is grown up.7.One example is: when a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.Another example is that he liked to go to dances and parties, although he could just sit and watch.8.He now feels sorry about having been reluctant to be seen walking together with his crippled and short father.《读写教程 I》:Ex.III, p.57
1.inwardly 2.amazed 3.occasion 4.complained 5.urged 6.coordinate 7.reluctance 8.envious 《读写教程 I》:Ex.IV, p.58
1.in 2.off/out 3.on 4.up 5.to 6.out 7.to 8.to
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.58 1.He borrowed my laptop computer even though I told him not to.2.It was an exciting game even though no goals were scored.3.He was treated exactly like all the workers even though he had just joined the company.4.They gave money to Project Hope even though they themselves were not rich by any standard.5.There was never enough money to support his family even though he was hard-working and did two jobs at the same time.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.58 1.Though understanding no Chinese, the American girl was able to communicate with the other students in her class.2.Once having left the museum, you must buy another ticket to re-enter.3.When doing the writing exercise for this course, you should remember that you are writing according to specific structure.4.Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.5.While working at the computer, the young man was listening to music over the radio all the time.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.59 1.Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to a cold weather.2.He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.3.This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.4.He is an experienced businessman;he has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.5.She urged me to accept the new post, although the job is not very well paid.Section B.The Right Son at the Right Time Reading Skills:
1.They found the man.2.He reached the airport in time.3.The old man saw the young man(his son).4.The young man sat by the old man the whole night.5.A message came saying the real son was arriving.Comprehension of the Text 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.B
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.69 1.locate 2.apparently 3.limp 4.interrupt 5.sole 6.collapse 7.occasionally 8.staff 9.inform 10.extend
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.69 1.sole 2.extend 3.staff 4.located 5.inform 6.interpret 7.collapse 8.occasionally
《读写教程 I》:Ex.XVI, p.69 1.The government has called for an immediate examination of the activities of the police.2.We used medicine and in a few minutes Mrs.Johnson suddenly came to.3.My father has a huge lot of magazines to which I return now and then.4.Whatever your reason, I shall hold to my idea that people should be allowed to have private lives.5.To our surprise the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother’s.6.He's not in the office;he's now on his way to London for a meeting.7.When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.8.He was too disappointed by this lack of success to try again.Unit 4 Section A.How to Make a Good Impression
《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.79 1.We show our true feelings through unspoken communication, i.e.through our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes.2.We can use such good qualities as physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of other people.3.These books advise us to stride into a room and impress others with our qualities, to greet them with “power handshakes”, and to fix our eyes on the other person, which is often viewed as strange and sometimes offensive.4.We should never change from one situation to another, whether we are having a conversation, or addressing a garden club, or being interviewed for a job.5.He means that what they say does not match the way they look or what they do.6.The author believes that, if you agreed these are similar, you would keep your eyes on the lion, and would not look at your feet or at the ceiling.7.Look at those in the room and give a natural smile.8.He believes that it is we who can be ourselves at our best, not anyone else.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.79 1.presentation 2.conscious 3.depressed 4.ranges 5.consistent 6.impressed 7.reaction 8.toencounter 《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.80 1.are committed to 2.takes;seriously 3.absorbed in 4.focus on 5.made up his mind 6.driving me crazy 7.range from;to8.base;on
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.80 1.It rained for two weeks on end, completely flooding the village.2.Running to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her older brother Bill who was away at college.3.The bus arrived one hour late, causing me to miss the beginning of the game.4.The Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering words of hope and strength.5.Realizing he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I guessed he really needed me.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.80 1.I was so excited about going away(that)I couldn’t sleep.2.The chairman became so angry with his secretary(that)he decided to fire him.3.She speaks English so well(that)you would think it was her native language.4.He was so frightened(that)he broke eye contact and looked out the window.5.His presentation was so interesting(that)everyone listened very carefully.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.81 1.Consciously or unconsciously, people show their true feelings with their eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging from comfort to fear.2.Think of your encounter with a stranger.Focus on the first seven seconds.What did you feel and think? How did you “read” this person? 3.You were committed to what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that you lost all self-consciousness.4.Public speakers often send mixed messages, but the audience believe what they see over what they hear.5.If you want to make a good impression, the trick/skilled way is to be consistently you, at your best.Section B.Body Language
Reading Skills:
1.Main Idea: People use other forms other than language for communication.2.Main Idea: We communicate with our body movements.3.Main Idea: The clothes you wear also communicate many things.4.Main Idea: Small ornaments you wear communicate many things, too.5.Main Idea: A wealth of information in body language makes snap judgments seem sound.Comprehension of the Text 1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.20 1.status 2.conviction 3.function 4.promoted 5.assumed 6.estimate 7.signal 8.judgment
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.20 1.account for 2.in part 3.is content with 4.at home 5.lack of;lack of 6.in relation to 7.At first sight8.pick up
Unit 5 Section A.The Battle Against AIDS
《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.104 1.More than 102,000 people.2.Women and youth in rural Southern communities.3.The spread of AIDS and government inactivity in stopping it.4.To reduce the number of AIDS cases.5.The people have a low literacy level in some communities.6.They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to their peers much better than adults.7.First, speak to your community in a way they can hear.Second, train teenagers to educate their peers.Last, redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.8.Everyone should take part in the war against AIDS.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.104 1.immune to 2.diagnose 3.implementing 4.combat 5.define 6.established 7.represented 8.regardless
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.105 1.regardless of 2.at risk 3.passed out 4.distracts… from 5.sign up 6.infected with 7.a solution to/for 8.provide… for
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.105 1.the way he teaches English
2.whom I was expecting to stay with me 3.which was lost in the department store yesterday 4.where I spent my childhood with Mary 5.which the whole family considered a great honor
《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.105 1.Despite his illness
2.Despite a lot of difficulties 3.despite his old age 4.Despite the bad weather 5.despite his hard work
《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.106 1.We will do our best to help the girl infected with the AIDS virus to live longer, regardless of the cost.2.Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.3.It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.4.When giving a lecture, Bob often prepared some pictures to illustrate how the situation mentioned in a text took place.5.An able and successful businessman is good at making use of all the resources to make money.Section B.The Last Dive at the Olympics
Reading Skills:
1.D;C 2.C;C 3.A;C Comprehension of the Text 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.D
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.117 1.commenced 2.an intense3.explored4.Initially 5.adopted 6.triumph 7.spill 8.quit
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.117 1.prior to 2.confident in/of 3.in haste 4.find out 5.assist...with 6.for fear7.compete…for8.thrust … into
Unit 6 Section A.The Widow
《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, P130 1.The word “widow”.2.Because the quotation from Elizabeth Jolley exactly describes how she feels at that moment.3.She was near-sighted, and without glasses, she could not see clearly.4.We know that the couple’s colleagues and old schoolmates thought they were well-matched, so they were excited.However, the couple’s relatives and mothers were not satisfied with their marriage learning from the words “crying”, “offering pity” and “would have insisted they wanted only the best for their children”.5.The writer means that the husband and the wife loved each other because, whenever there was time and opportunity, they helped each other and showed concerns for each other.6.The words “worn, fading and kept for so long”.7.No.He was still in doubt about Aunt Esther’s identity.We can base our point on the phrase in his message “whether she came from heaven or a nearby town”.8.So long as the wife and husband work hard and love each other, they will live a good life and be happy.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, P130 1.underline2.anniversary3.regarding4.curiosity5.restrain6.surrounded7.considerably8.responsibility
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, P131 1.with2.as3.from4.for5.for6.from7.from8.about/of
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, P131 1.Whoever he is, I don’t want to see him.2.The business would be a success, whoever owned it.Or: whoever owned it, the business would be a success.3.Whoever has broken the window, I’ll take him to his parents.4.Whoever else objects, I won’t.5.Whoever else goes hungry, I won’t.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, P131 1.My colleagues and old schoolmates did feel happy for me when I told them I had a chance to go and study in London University.2.Bill does have some problem with his math class.3.She did go next door to help Mrs.Norton with her sick children.4.These words do convey her feelings at the moment.5.In the picture the bride and groom did feel shy before crowds of relatives and friends.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, P132 1.With the money given by his father，he could afford a house in the town nearby.(Or ….he could afford to buy a house in the town nearby.)
2.The young lady was so excited that she could not restrain herself from bringing up the subject of marriage.Or: … that she could not help bringing up the subject of marriage.3.I’m afraid you can’t see him today because he was sent on an important mission just an hour ago.4.When she was young，she used to store quotations from poems in a notebook.5.Whoever they are，they should take the responsibility for the accident/they should be responsible for the accident.Section B.The Trashman
Reading Skills:
1.I 2.F 3.B 4.A 5.H 6.D 7.E 8.G 9.C
Comprehension of the Text 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.C
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, P142 1.boas t2.isregistered 3.philosophe r4.economis t5.headed 6.graduated 7.Frankl y8.retreat
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, P142 1.They made the rounds of the shopping center.2.I like the way the blue carpet goes with the golden curtains.3.She shouldn’t have married him as she looks down on/upon him.4.At the sound of the steps, he began to tremble.5.The man sat down and called for some beer.6.Contrary to what you might think, I haven’t met him before.7.He is a kind man and always has sympathy for the poor.8.You say I’m fired? Thanks.I didn’t want to stay at the job for long.Unit 7 Section A.Face to Face with Guns
《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.154 1.He looked at the street and pathway carefully to make sure nothing was unusual there.2.He managed to throw his house keys into a bush.3.Because they focus their attention on the guns rather than on their users during the encounter.4.Because he paid attention to the appearances of these two robbers on purpose.5.They might have committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months.6.A river.7.They are bit by bit destroying the basic ideas we hold dear: our freedom to move about;the fruits of labor;our lives and those of people we value.8.He means that some day we will have to deal with these young men and try to find out the cause of their discontent.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.154 1.cautious 2.exception 3.instinct 4.enlarge 5.unusual 6.offend 7.detail 8.sligh t9.foundation 10.additional
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.155 1.detail s2.foundation 3.offended 4.exception 5.enlarge6.slight 7.instinct 8.cautious
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.155 1.attached to 2.Looking through3.hold dear4.pulling into 5.face to face with6.rather than7.out of control8.eat away
《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.155 1.They should have their pay increased.2.I had my first book accepted for publication that year.3.George had his papers taken from him at the police station.4.I had my wallet stolen on a bus.5.The couple are going to have their wedding photos enlarged at the store.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.156 1.rather than to her daughter 2.rather than(use)scientific Latin ones
3.rather than leaving everything to the last minute 4.Rather than using the last of my cash 5.rather than increase pay
《读写教程 I》: Ex.VIII, p.156 1.The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.2.When I go to work, I prefer taking a bus rather than driving and that morning was no exception.3.Some victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.4.The two robbers’ methods suggested that they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the pass few months.5.We hold dear our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and our own lives.Section B.Should I Have a Gun? Reading Skills 1.Possible answer: For self-defense.2.Possible answer: She is afraid that she might kill someone, an act much more harmful than just injuring.3.Possible answer: According to the following paragraphs, the writer feels uncomfortable about the imagined robbery because she unfairly imagined the robber was a black man.4.Possible answer: According to common sense, a robber must be physically strong.Females are considered too weak for that and black men are often thought of being strong in the physical sense.5.Possible answer: A neighborhood with a bad name because of its frequent happenings of crime or violence or safety problems.6.Possible answer: No.Killing a human being just because of money is a shame to the writer.7.Possible answer: Locking the doors at the sight of a black man is really insulting.8.Possible answer: This means that the robber takes away the money and no violence happens to either side.Comprehension of the Text 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C
《读写教程 I》:Ex.XV, p.166 1.intention 2.endanger 3.violence 4.dominate 5.possibility 6.omit 7.confronted 8.affected
《读写教程 I》:Ex.XVI, p.166 1.is… intended for 2.be capable of 3.At the sight of 4.Pointing…at 5.be immune to 6.keep …from 7.believe in 8.die for
Unit 8 Section A.Birth of Bright Ideas
《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.178 1.Good ideas come from the unconscious.Psychologists use the term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual.2.No.All of us have experienced the sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities.3.He was sick and could not sleep for noise without and fever within.4.No.He had been occupied with the idea of the “Ring” for several years, and for many months had been struggling to make a start with the actual composing.5.The rush and roar of water had become music and the orchestral opening to the “Rhinegold” had at last taken its shape within him.6.The unconscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual process by which the solution was found.A new concept may suddenly explode into consciousness.7.In the example of Henri Poincare, we see the conscious mind actually watching the unconscious at work.8.Dream plays an important role.Descartes was able to make the discovery with the help of his dream.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.178 1.sources 2.stable 3.surged 4.reasonable 5.exemplifies 6.intense 7.flung 8.enthusiasm
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.179 1.taken the shape 2.responsible for 3.depend on 4.representative of 5.at work 6.arrive at 7.Write down 8.occupied with
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.179 1.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2.The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which were held in June.4.At last the miracle happened, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long.5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.179 1.The more books a man reads, the more knowledge he will have.2.The more he thought about it, the less he liked it.3.The smaller the house is, the less you have to pay for it.4.The more dangerous it is, the more excited he feels.5.The more you talk in English, the more progress you will make.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.180 1.She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.2.He who would search for jewels must dive below.3.I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.4.There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.5.Medical tests established that she was in good health.Section B.Ways of Increasing Creativity Reading Skills B.1.A 2.B 3C 4.C 5.A
Comprehension of the Text 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.191 1.reveal 2.expand 3.evaluate 4.fertile 5.productive 6.impulse 7.reach 8.transferred
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.191 1.right away 2.Acting upon his advice 3.came John’s way 4.at once 5.set the motor in motion 6.took up 7.took advantage of 8.back and forth
Unit 9 Section A.Looking to the 21 Century
st《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.205 1.We ourselves or our actions determine our future.2.He found that he could predict the performance of tested volunteers from the strength of the brain’s electrical activity.3.They will depend more on computers in their medical diagnosis and treatment.4.Yes.With computers, drivers know where they are, what kind of problems their car engines have, how to get to the nearest places of repair, and at what cost to get the needed new parts.5.Through computer connections, students in the future will get worldwide resources from such sources as museums, libraries, databases, and other science facilities all around the world.They can also get assistance from teachers and fellow students around the globe.6.Information and specialists will be more important to the success of a business.7.Yes.There are two reasons for this: first, governments and businesses now realize the importance of environmental protection;second, they are taking actions to protect the environment.For example, many European countries and the United States check automobiles for gas and smoke emissions.8.On one hand, they prescribe pills for them;on the other, they require them to focus on healthy lifestyles by changing diets and using more exercise as means to keep well.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.205 1.performance 2.policy/policies 3.survive 4.tension 5.interactive 6.career 7.profit 8.advertisement
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.206 1.on/upon 2.out/over 3.about 4.for 5.for/up to 6.on 7.through/from 8.up
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.206 1.Should you fail to solve the arithmetic problem, come to me.2.Should your car break down, change to a bus.3.Should a serious crisis arise, the public would have to be informed of what it means.4.Should you fail in the exam, your parents and teachers would not blame you.5.Should you change your mind, no one would say anything against it.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.206 1.The poor teaching facilities make it difficult for teachers and students to have proper teaching and learning.2.Lack of money makes it hard for one to start up a new business.3.Frequent computer analysis makes it possible for a manager to tell whether a worker is performing well in his work.4.The Internet makes it easier for shoppers to order their groceries at home.5.The new teaching building makes it
possible for the university to admit more
students this year.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.207 1.In the 21st century people will order their goods at home through the Internet and have them delivered.2.The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top managers.3.As smoking advertising is banned in many areas, smoking cigarettes will be under siege.4.Eight out of every ten students will use sources such as museums and science facilities in doing their homework assignments.5.It is what we do and what we do not do that determine our future.Section B.Trends for the 21st Century Reading Skills B.!.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A
Comprehension of the Text 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.A
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.218 1.available 2.decline 3.accomplish 4.inhabitants 5.conclusions 6.breakthrough 7.outstanding 8.tends
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.219 1.posing 2.trends 3.on our planet/on this planet/on the planet 4.wash away 5.utilize 6.consider nuclear energy too expensive 7.altered 8.be involved in/involve ourselves in
Unit 10 Section A.Being Honest and Open 《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.230 1.Because, as the saying implies, one’s actions demonstrate whether one is honest or dishonest.2.Integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand.3.It is in short supply and getting scarcer.4.They are:
1)Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure;
2)Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs;3)Be honest and open about who you really are.5.It tells us that when you know you are right, do not give up.6.It means that one should always give other people the praise that they merit.7.Because they lack genuine core values.8.They are self-respect and a clear conscience.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.230 1.convenience 2.clarify 3.demonstrating 4.genuine 5.assured 6.ensured 7.conscience 8.progressively
《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.231 1.out 2.in 3.of 4.for 5.on / upo 6.of 7.in 8.for 9.on
《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.231 1.Where I live there are plenty of sheep.2.Your coat is where you left it.3.I will go where you go.4.Where conscience remains integrity stays.5.Where he appears laughter can be heard.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.231 1.The article deals with what the author calls “generation gap”.2.He is lost in what I call “blind happiness”.3.The children are playing what they call “cat-and-rat”.4.She is suffering from what experts call “feeling cancer”.5.There is appearing what I call “sandwich generation” — people who are struggling to care for both their children and their elders while trying hard to hold their jobs.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.232 1.You have to either go out with us or stay at home.There is no middle point.2.The teacher gave credit to the students who had studied hard and done well in the exam.3.Where I work there are plenty of computers.4.In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don’t sell out to convenience.5.Those who lack genuine core values always rely on external factors——their looks or status——in order to feel good about themselves.Section B.Web Site Resources:The Best Aid for Cheating? Reading Skills 1.G 2.F 3.A 4.H 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.E
Comprehension of the Text 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B
《读写教程 I》:Ex.XIV, p.244 1.strategy 2.inclined 3.readily 4.contemporary 5.semester 6.perceiving 7.ultimate 8.appropriate
《读写教程 I》:Ex.XV, p.244 1.handed him over to2.did the trick3.have access to4.Regardless of5.make the most of her freedom6.hailed her as7.for free8.sort of
第四篇：新视野大学英语读写教程第一册答案
新视野大学英语（第一册）答案Unit 1Section A.Learning a Foreign Language《读写教程 I》:Ex.II, p.71.The kind and patient teacher and her positive method of praising all students often.2.In junior middle school, his English teacher was kind and patient.He liked to answer questions in class and he made much progress in English.But, in his senior middle school, his teacher punished those who gave wrong answers.He didn’t want to answer questions any more in class.As a result, he did not make much progress in English.3.In college and junior middle school, his English teachers were both patient and kind, but he didn’t have as many chances to answer questions in college as he did in junior middle school.4.It requires much time, commitment and discipline to keep up with the flow of the course.5.Hard work.6.He could take all the time he needed to consider his ideas and write a reply before posting it on the screen.7.Learning a foreign language taught him the value of hard work and gave him insights into another culture.8.He could communicate with many more people than before.《读写教程 I》:Ex.III, p.71.embarrass
2.Discipline3.access4.positive5.commitment6.frustrate7.intimidate8.reap《读写教程 I》:Ex.IV, p.81.into2.into3.from4.with5.to6.about7.with/in8.in《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.81.Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a beautiful sight.2.Not wanting to meet John there, he refused to attend the party.3.Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to the cottage.4.It rained for two weeks, completely ruining our holidays.5.Staring into space, the small girl felt frustrated at what the teacher asked her.《读写教程 I》:Ex.VI, p.81.Not only does he easily accept other people’s opinions, but he is also patient.2.Not only does she sing beautifully but she also dances wonderfully.3.Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.4.Not only did we learn the technology through an online course but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.5.Not only did Smith learn the Chinese language but also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.《读写教程 I》:Ex.VII, p.91.We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of English.2.With the mayor’s help, we were at last allowed access to those people who suffered from the traffic accident.3.Bob and Frank didn’t get along well with each other.It was embarrassing that they were to work in the same department.4.As a boy, I used to intimidate my sister into crying by telling her that a wolf was coming.5.It is not easy to do scientific research;it requires time, energy and money as well as discipline and commitment.Section B Keys to Successful Online LearningReading Skills1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.BComprehension of the Text1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.201.absolute2.unique3.commit4.facilitate5.reinforced6.sequential7.arose8.forum
《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.201.to2.in3.on4.for5.on6.of7.In 8.upUnit
2Section A.A Busy Weekday Morning《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.311.Rock music woke up her up.2.He didn’t like the music his daughter listened to;he thought it was horrible stuff.3.No, because she thought the music had a really powerful message.4.Because her mother or father would bang on the door to rush her.5.She was going to have a music class because her mother reminded her to take the instrument with her.6.No.Instead, she thought her mother was bugging her.7.She was serious and letting her daughter know she was speaking to her as her parent.8.They suggest that there is a gap between the two generations.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.321.weekdays2.Youngsters3.annoyed4.definitely5.disgusting6.powerful7.disturb8.offensive《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.321.down/off2.off3.up/on4.on5.for6.of/about7.up8.off/out《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.321.Kate saw her brother Bill as she was getting off the school bus.2.As she was standing up from her seat, Mother dropped her glass.3.A policeman fired at the thief as he was bolting out of the house.4.As she ran to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her talk with her mother.5.All the students shouted “Happy birthday” to the teacher as he entered the classroom.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.331.She listened to her favorite rock music while singing along with the words.2.She was putting on her jeans while asking me to hand her the sweater.3.He banged on the door while opening it.4.In the bathroom she put on some makeup while looking in the mirror.5.The school master looked angrily at the naughty student while talking with his parents.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.331.Mr.Finch burst into her room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”2.I like rock music because it usually has a strong rhythm and a powerful message.3.As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start to bug him.4.Generation gaps exist in the United States as well as in China.5.As her mother bugged Sandy much more than before, she argued with her mother a lot more than usual, too.Section B Parent TalkReading Skills1.O 2.O 3.F 4.F 5.O 6.O 7.F 8.FComprehension of the Text1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.431.appeals2.concern3.permanent4.influence5.rebels6.identity7.upset8.tuneless/tuneful《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.431.It makes my blood boil when I read about violence among young people.2.This kind of jeans is old-fashioned now;young people do not like to wear them any more.3.This computer often freezes.I want to get rid of it.4.Our youngsters’ way of expressing their identity is different from ours.5.In America the news is full of stories about teenagers who are in trouble with drugs.6.On her way to work, Jane was still thinking about /
thought about her daughter.7.Don’t press your young daughter too hard, or she’ll drop out of high school.8.Come and see me in my office after class, and we’ll talk over your problems.Unit 3Section A.A Good Heart to Lean on 《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.571.He felt embarrassed to be seen with his father, because his father was severely crippled and very short.2.His father always said:“You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”3.He means that it is a matter of pride for his father to have almost never missed a day and have made it to the office even when/if others could not.4.In very bad weather his father went to work with the help of the writer and his sisters, who would pull their father through the street on a child’s wagon with steel runners to the subway station.5.In an office building on top of a subway station in Manhattan.6.Having a “good heart” is the proper standard to judge people by, according to the writer now he is grown up.7.One example is: when a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.Another example is that he liked to go to dances and parties, although he could just sit and watch.8.He now feels sorry about having been reluctant to be seen walking together with his crippled and short father.《读写教程 I》:Ex.III, p.571.inwardly2.amazed3.occasion4.complained5.urged6.coordinate7.reluctance8.envious《读写教程 I》:Ex.IV, p.581.in2.off/out3.on4.up5.to6.out7.to8.to《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.581.He borrowed my laptop computer even though I told him not to.2.It was an exciting game even though no goals were scored.3.He was treated exactly like all the workers even though he had just joined the company.4.They gave money to Project Hope even though they themselves were not rich by any standard.5.There was never enough money to support his family even though he was hard-working and did two jobs at the same time.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.581.Though understanding no Chinese, the American girl was able to communicate with the other students in her class.2.Once having left the museum, you must buy another ticket to re-enter.3.When doing the writing exercise for this course, you should remember that you are writing according to specific structure.4.Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.5.While working at the computer, the young man was listening to music over the radio all the time.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.591.Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to a cold weather.2.He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.3.This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.4.He is an experienced businessman;he has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.5.She urged me to accept the new post, although the job is not very well paid.Section B.The Right Son at the Right TimeReading Skills:
1.They found the man.2.He reached the airport in time.3.The old man saw the young man(his son).4.The young man sat by the old man the whole night.5.A message came saying the real son was arriving.Comprehension of the Text1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.B《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.691.locate2.apparently3.limp4.interrupt5.sole6.collapse7.occasionally8.staff9.inform10.extend《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.691.sole2.extend3.staff4.located5.inform6.interpret7.collapse8.occasionally《读写教程 I》:Ex.XVI, p.691.The government has called for an immediate examination of the activities of the police.2.We used medicine and in a few minutes Mrs.Johnson suddenly came to.3.My father has a huge lot of magazines to which I return now and then.4.Whatever your reason, I shall hold to my idea that people should be allowed to have private lives.5.To our surprise the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother’s.6.He's not in the office;he's now on his way to London for a meeting.7.When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.8.He was too disappointed by this lack of success to try again.Unit 4Section A.How to Make a Good Impression《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.791.We show our true feelings through unspoken communication, i.e.through our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes.2.We can use such good qualities as physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of other people.3.These books advise us to stride into a room and impress others with our qualities, to greet them with “power handshakes”, and to fix our eyes on the other person, which is often viewed as strange and sometimes offensive.4.We should never change from one situation to another, whether we are having a conversation, or addressing a garden club, or being interviewed for a job.5.He means that what they say does not match the way they look or what they do.6.The author believes that, if you agreed these are similar, you would keep your eyes on the lion, and would not look at your feet or at the ceiling.7.Look at those in the room and give a natural smile.8.He believes that it is we who can be ourselves at our best, not anyone else.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.791.presentation2.conscious3.depressed4.ranges5.consistent6.impressed7.reaction8.toencounter《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.801.are committed to 2.takes;seriously3.absorbed in4.focus on5.made up his mind6.driving me crazy7.range from;to8.base;on 《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.801.It rained for two weeks on end, completely flooding the village.2.Running to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her older brother Bill who was away at college.3.The bus arrived one hour late, causing me to miss the beginning of the game.4.The Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering words of hope and strength.5.Realizing he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I guessed he really needed me.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.801.I was so excited about going away(that)I couldn’t sleep.2.The chairman became so angry with his secretary(that)he decided to fire him.3.She speaks English so well(that)you would think it was her native language.4.He was so frightened(that)he broke eye contact and looked out the window.5.His presentation was so interesting(that)
everyone listened very carefully.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.811.Consciously or unconsciously, people show their true feelings with their eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging from comfort to fear.2.Think of your encounter with a stranger.Focus on the first seven seconds.What did you feel and think? How did you “read” this person?3.You were committed to what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that you lost all self-consciousness.4.Public speakers often send mixed messages, but the audience believe what they see over what they hear.5.If you want to make a good impression, the trick/skilled way is to be consistently you, at your best.Section B.Body LanguageReading Skills:
1.Main Idea: People use other forms other than language for communication.2.Main Idea: We communicate with our body movements.3.Main Idea: The clothes you wear also communicate many things.4.Main Idea: Small ornaments you wear communicate many things, too.5.Main Idea: A wealth of information in body language makes snap judgments seem sound.Comprehension of the Text1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.201.status2.conviction3.function4.promoted5.assumed6.estimate7.signal8.judgment《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.201.account for2.in part3.is content with4.at home5.lack of;lack of6.in relation to7.At first sight8.pick upUnit 5Section A.The Battle Against AIDS《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.1041.More than 102,000 people.2.Women and youth in rural Southern commUnities.3.The spread of AIDS and government inactivity in stopping it.4.To reduce the number of AIDS cases.5.The people have a low literacy level in some commUnities.6.They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to their peers much better than adults.7.First, speak to your commUnity in a way they can hear.Second, train teenagers to educate their peers.Last, redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.8.Everyone should take part in the war against AIDS.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.1041.immune to2.diagnose3.implementing4.combat5.define6.established7.represented8.regardless《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.1051.regardless of2.at risk3.passed out4.distracts… from 5.sign up6.infected with7.a solution to/for8.provide… for《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.1051.the way he teaches English2.whom I was expecting to stay with me3.which was lost in the department store yesterday4.where I spent my childhood with Mary5.which the whole family considered a great honor《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.1051.Despite his illness2.Despite a lot of difficulties3.despite his old age4.Despite the bad
weather5.despite his hard work《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.1061.We will do our best to help the girl infected with the AIDS virus to live longer, regardless of the cost.2.Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.3.It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.4.When giving a lecture, Bob often prepared some pictures to illustrate how the situation mentioned in a text took place.5.An able and successful businessman is good at making use of all the resources to make money.Section B.The Last Dive at the OlympicsReading Skills:
1.D;C 2.C;C 3.A;CComprehension of the Text1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.D《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.1171.commenced2.an intense3.explored4.Initially 5.adopted6.triumph7.spill8.quit《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.1171.prior to 2.confident in/of 3.in haste 4.find out 5.assist...with 6.for fear7.compete…for8.thrust … into Unit 6Section A.The Widow《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, P1301.The word “widow”.2.Because the quotation from Elizabeth Jolley exactly describes how she feels at that moment.3.She was near-sighted, and without glasses, she could not see clearly.4.We know that the couple’s colleagues and old schoolmates thought they were well-matched, so they were excited.However, the couple’s relatives and mothers were not satisfied with their marriage learning from the words “crying”, “offering pity” and “would have insisted they wanted only the best for their children”.5.The writer means that the husband and the wife loved each other because, whenever there was time and opportUnity, they helped each other and showed concerns for each other.6.The words “worn, fading and kept for so long”.7.No.He was still in doubt about Aunt Esther’s identity.We can base our point on the phrase in his message “whether she came from heaven or a nearby town”.8.So long as the wife and husband work hard and love each other, they will live a good life and be happy.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, P1301.underline2.anniversary3.regarding4.curiosity5.restrain6.surrounded7.considerably8.responsibility《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, P1311.with2.as3.from4.for5.for6.from7.from8.about/of《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, P1311.Whoever he is, I don’t want to see him.2.The business would be a success, whoever owned it.Or: whoever owned it, the business would be a success.3.Whoever has broken the window, I’ll take him to his parents.4.Whoever else objects, I won’t.5.Whoever else goes hungry, I won’t.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, P1311.My colleagues and old schoolmates did feel happy for me when I told them I had a chance to go and study in London University.2.Bill does have some problem
with his math class.3.She did go next door to help Mrs.Norton with her sick children.4.These words do convey her feelings at the moment.5.In the picture the bride and groom did feel shy before crowds of relatives and friends.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, P1321.With the money given by his father，he could afford a house in the town nearby.(Or ….he could afford to buy a house in the town nearby.)2.The young lady was so excited that she could not restrain herself from bringing up the subject of marriage.Or: … that she could not help bringing up the subject of marriage.3.I’m afraid you can’t see him today because he was sent on an important mission just an hour ago.4.When she was young，she used to store quotations from poems in a notebook.5.Whoever they are，they should take the responsibility for the accident/they should be responsible for the accident.Section B.The TrashmanReading Skills:
1.I2.F3.B4.A5.H6.D7.E8.G 9.CComprehension of the Text1.A 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.C《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, P1421.boast2.isregistered3.philosopher4.economist5.headed6.graduated7.Frankly8.retreat《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, P1421.They made the rounds of the shopping center.2.I like the way the blue carpet goes with the golden curtains.3.She shouldn’t have married him as she looks down on/upon him.4.At the sound of the steps, he began to tremble.5.The man sat down and called for some beer.6.Contrary to what you might think, I haven’t met him before.7.He is a kind man and always has sympathy for the poor.8.You say I’m fired? Thanks.I didn’t want to stay at the job for long.Unit 7Section A.Face to Face with Guns《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.1541.He looked at the street and pathway carefully to make sure nothing was unusual there.2.He managed to throw his house keys into a bush.3.Because they focus their attention on the guns rather than on their users during the encounter.4.Because he paid attention to the appearances of these two robbers on purpose.5.They might have committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months.6.A river.7.They are bit by bit destroying the basic ideas we hold dear: our freedom to move about;the fruits of labor;our lives and those of people we value.8.He means that some day we will have to deal with these young men and try to find out the cause of their discontent.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.1541.cautious2.exception3.instinct4.enlarge5.unusual6.offend7.detail8.slight9.foundation10.additional《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.1551.details2.foundation3.offended4.exception5.enlarge6.slight7.instinct8.cautious《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.1551.attached to2.Looking through3.hold dear4.pulling into5.face to face with6.rather than7.out of control8.eat away《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.1551.They should have their pay increased.2.I had my first book accepted for publication that year.3.George had his papers taken from him at the police station.4.I had my wallet stolen on a bus.5.The couple are going to have their wedding photos enlarged at the store.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.1561.rather than to her daughter2.rather than(use)scientific Latin ones3.rather than leaving everything to the last minute4.Rather than using the last of my cash5.rather than increase pay《读写教程 I》: Ex.VIII, p.1561.The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.2.When I go to work, I prefer taking a bus rather than driving and that morning was no exception.3.Some victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.4.The two robbers’ methods suggested that they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the pass few months.5.We hold dear our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and our own lives.Section B.Should I Have a Gun?Reading Skills1.Possible answer: For self-defense.2.Possible answer: She is afraid that she might kill someone, an act much more harmful than just injuring.3.Possible answer: According to the following paragraphs, the writer feels uncomfortable about the imagined robbery because she unfairly imagined the robber was a black man.4.Possible answer: According to common sense, a robber must be physically strong.Females are considered too weak for that and black men are often thought of being strong in the physical sense.5.Possible answer: A neighborhood with a bad name because of its frequent happenings of crime or violence or safety problems.6.Possible answer: No.Killing a human being just because of money is a shame to the writer.7.Possible answer: Locking the doors at the sight of a black man is really insulting.8.Possible answer: This means that the robber takes away the money and no violence happens to either side.Comprehension of the Text1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C《读写教程 I》:Ex.XV, p.1661.intention2.endanger3.violence4.dominate5.possibility6.omit7.confronted8.affected《读写教程 I》:Ex.XVI, p.1661.is… intended for2.be capable of3.At the sight of4.Pointing…at5.be immune to6.keep …from7.believe in8.die forUnit 8Section A.Birth of Bright Ideas《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.1781.Good ideas come from the unconscious.Psychologists use the term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual.2.No.All of us have experienced the sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities.3.He was sick and could not sleep for noise without and fever within.4.No.He had been occupied with the idea of the “Ring” for several years, and for many months had been struggling to make a start with the actual composing.5.The rush and roar of water had become music and the orchestral opening to the “Rhinegold” had at last taken its shape within him.6.The unconscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual process by which the solution was found.A new concept may suddenly explode into consciousness.7.In the example of Henri Poincare, we see the conscious mind actually watching the unconscious at work.8.Dream plays an important role.Descartes was able to make the discovery with the help of his dream.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.1781.sources2.stable3.surged4.reasonable5.exemplifies6.intense7.flung8.enthusiasm《读写教程
I》: Ex.IV, p.1791.taken the shape2.responsible for3.depend on4.representative of5.at work6.arrive at7.Write down8.occupied with《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.1791.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2.The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which were held in June.4.At last the miracle happened, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long.5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.1791.The more books a man reads, the more knowledge he will have.2.The more he thought about it, the less he liked it.3.The smaller the house is, the less you have to pay for it.4.The more dangerous it is, the more excited he feels.5.The more you talk in English, the more progress you will make.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.1801.She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.2.He who would search for jewels must dive below.3.I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.4.There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.5.Medical tests established that she was in good health.Section B.Ways of Increasing CreativityReading SkillsB.1.A 2.B 3C 4.C 5.AComprehension of the Text1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.1911.reveal2.expand3.evaluate4.fertile5.productive6.impulse7.reach8.transferred《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.1911.right away2.Acting upon his advice3.came John’s way4.at once5.set the motor in motion6.took up7.took advantage of8.back and forthUnit 9Section A.Looking to the 21 Century
st《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.2051.We ourselves or our actions determine our future.2.He found that he could predict the performance of tested volunteers from the strength of the brain’s electrical activity.3.They will depend more on computers in their medical diagnosis and treatment.4.Yes.With computers, drivers know where they are, what kind of problems their car engines have, how to get to the nearest places of repair, and at what cost to get the needed new parts.5.Through computer connections, students in the future will get worldwide resources from such sources as museums, libraries, databases, and other science facilities all around the world.They can also get assistance from teachers and fellow students around the globe.6.Information and specialists will be more important to the success of a business.7.Yes.There are two reasons for this: first, governments and businesses now realize the importance of environmental protection;second, they are taking actions to protect the environment.For example, many European countries and the United States check automobiles for gas and smoke emissions.8.On one hand, they prescribe pills for them;
on the other, they require them to focus on healthy lifestyles by changing diets and using more exercise as means to keep well.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.2051.performance2.policy/policies3.survive4.tension5.interactive6.career7.profit8.advertisement《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.2061.on/upon2.out/over3.about4.for5.for/up to6.on7.through/from8.up《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.2061.Should you fail to solve the arithmetic problem, come to me.2.Should your car break down, change to a bus.3.Should a serious crisis arise, the public would have to be informed of what it means.4.Should you fail in the exam, your parents and teachers would not blame you.5.Should you change your mind, no one would say anything against it.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.2061.The poor teaching facilities make it difficult for teachers and students to have proper teaching and learning.2.Lack of money makes it hard for one to start up a new business.3.Frequent computer analysis makes it possible for a manager to tell whether a worker is performing well in his work.4.The Internet makes it easier for shoppers to order their groceries at home.5.The new teaching building makes it
possible for the university to admit more
students this year.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.2071.In the 21st century people will order their goods at home through the Internet and have them delivered.2.The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top managers.3.As smoking advertising is banned in many areas, smoking cigarettes will be under siege.4.Eight out of every ten students will use sources such as museums and science facilities in doing their homework assignments.5.It is what we do and what we do not do that determine our future.Section B.Trends for the 21st CenturyReading SkillsB.!.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.AComprehension of the Text1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.A《读写教程 I》: Ex.XIV, p.2181.available2.decline3.accomplish4.inhabitants5.conclusions6.breakthrough7.outstanding8.tends《读写教程 I》: Ex.XV, p.2191.posing2.trends3.on our planet/on this planet/on the planet4.wash away5.utilize6.consider nuclear energy too expensive7.altered8.be involved in/involve ourselves inUnit 10Section A.Being Honest and Open《读写教程 I》: Ex.II, p.2301.Because, as the saying implies, one’s actions demonstrate whether one is honest or dishonest.2.Integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand.3.It is in short supply and getting scarcer.4.They are: 1)Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure;2)Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs;3)Be honest and open about who you really are.5.It
tells us that when you know you are right, do not give up.6.It means that one should always give other people the praise that they merit.7.Because they lack genuine core values.8.They are self-respect and a clear conscience.《读写教程 I》: Ex.III, p.2301.convenience2.clarify3.demonstrating4.genuine5.assured6.ensured7.conscience8.progressively《读写教程 I》: Ex.IV, p.2311.out2.in3.of4.for5.on / upon6.of7.in8.for9.on《读写教程 I》: Ex.V, p.2311.Where I live there are plenty of sheep.2.Your coat is where you left it.3.I will go where you go.4.Where conscience remains integrity stays.5.Where he appears laughter can be heard.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VI, p.2311.The article deals with what the author calls “generation gap”.2.He is lost in what I call “blind happiness”.3.The children are playing what they call “cat-and-rat”.4.She is suffering from what experts call “feeling cancer”.5.There is appearing what I call “sandwich generation” — people who are struggling to care for both their children and their elders while trying hard to hold their jobs.《读写教程 I》: Ex.VII, p.2321.You have to either go out with us or stay at home.There is no middle point.2.The teacher gave credit to the students who had studied hard and done well in the exam.3.Where I work there are plenty of computers.4.In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don’t sell out to convenience.5.Those who lack genuine core values always rely on external factors——their looks or status——in order to feel good about themselves.Section B.Web Site Resources:The Best Aid for Cheating?Reading Skills1.G 2.F 3.A 4.H 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.EComprehension of the Text1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B《读写教程 I》:Ex.XIV, p.2441.strategy2.inclined3.readily4.contemporary5.semester6.perceiving7.ultimate8.appropriate《读写教程 I》:Ex.XV, p.2441.handed him over to2.did the trick3.have access to4.Regardless of5.make the most of her freedom6.hailed her as7.for free8.sort of
第五篇：新视野英语读写教程第一册unit1-5总结
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