英文书信及格式

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第一篇:英文书信及格式

Changchun, Jilin, P.R.China November6, 2010 Dear Tina, Hello!I’m a Chinese boy.My English name is Ivan.I’m in No.108 Middle School.I’m in Class2, Grade3.My school is big and nice.There are many teachers in our school.They are kind to us and teach us well.In my school I have many good friends.They often help me.I like making friends.Do you want to be my friend? I hope to hear from you soon.All good wishes!Yours, Wang Dong

1、称呼语

Dear Father, Dear Mom, Dear Uncle, Dear Tina, Dear Mrs.Smith, Dear Sir,2、客套语

Best wishes to you.祝你/您安好!With best wishes.谨祝安好!With kind regards.谨致问候!Please give my best regards to your family.请代向家庭问好!All good wishes.万事如意!All the best.祝一切安好!

Remember me to your family.代我向你/您家庭问好!Hoping to hear from you soon.盼复!Thank you for your help.感谢帮助!

3、结束语

Yours,你/您的

Yours sincerely,/Sincerely yours,你/您真诚的 Yours ever,/Ever yours,你/您永远的 Your loving mother,你亲爱的母亲 Your clever student,你聪明的学生

第二篇:英文书信格式

英文书信格式

1、信头(Heading)指发信人的姓名(单位名称)、地址和日期,一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等,因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。英文地址的写法与中文完全不同,地址的名称按从小到大的顺序:第一行写门牌号码和街名;第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名;然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的之间,该用的还要用,例如在写日期的时候。日期的写法,如2010年7月30日,英文为:July 30,2010(最为普遍); July 30th,2010;30th July,2010等。2010不可写成10。

2、信内地址(Inside Address)在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。

3、称呼(Salutation)是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式),也可以用冒号(美国式)。(1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:My dear father,Dear Tom等。(2)写给公务上的信函用Dear Madam,Dear Sir或Gentleman(Gentlemen)。注意:Dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。Gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加Dear,是Dear Sir的复数形式。(3)写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:Dear Prof.Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。

4、正文(Body of the Letter)位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用Hello!(你好!)正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。

5、结束语(Complimentary Close)在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。(1)写给家人、亲戚,用Your loving grandfather,Lovingly yours,Lovingly等;

(2)写给熟人、朋友,用Yours cordially,Yours affectionately等;

(3)写业务信函用Truely yours(Yours truely),Faithfully yours(Yours faithfully)等;

(4)对上级、长辈用Yours obediently(Obediently yours),Yours respectfully(Respectfully yours)等。

6、签名(Signature)低于结束语一至二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始,在结束语的正下方,在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字,以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然,写给亲朋好友的信,就不必再打了。

7、附言(Postscript)一封信写完了,突然又想起遗漏的事情,这时用P.S.表示,再写上遗漏的话即可,要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方,应于正文齐头。注意:在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。

8、附件(Enclosure)信件如果有附件,可在信纸的左下角,注上Encl:或Enc:,例如:Encl:2 photos(内附两张照片)。如果福建附件不止一项,应写成Encl:或Encs。我们有时可看到在称呼与正文之间有Re:或Subject:(事由)字样。一般在信纸的中间,也可与“称呼”对齐。还应在底下加横线,以引起读信人的注意,使收信人便于在读信之前就可了解信中的主要内容。事由一般在公务信函中使用,也可以省略。

第三篇:英文书信格式

一)英文书信的组成部分

英文书信一般由六部分组成。即:信头(Heading)、信内地址(Inside Address),称呼(Salutation),正文(Body of Letter)、结束语(Complimentary Close)、署名(Signature),有时在书信后面还有附言(Postscript)、附件(Enclosure),这得视具体情况而定。下面将分别说明。

1.信头(Heading)

信头是指写信人的地址和写信日期,一般写在或打在第一面信纸的右上角,先写地址再写日期,地址的写法是从小到大,先写门牌号、路号,再写区名、市名、省名,最后写国名。时间的写法对英国人和美国人而言是不同的。英国人习惯按日、月、年的顺序写,而美国人习惯按月、日、年的顺序写。例如: 英式:1st October,1999 美式:October 1,1999 在使用前一种形式时,月和年之间的逗号可用可不用,但是在后一种形式中,必需要使用逗号。

信头的写法有缩进式和齐头式。缩进式每行开头向右缩进一两个字母;齐头式左边对齐排列,如下所示: 缩进式 Wang Ming Dept.of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P.R.China 齐头式 Wang Ming Dept.of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P.R.China 2.信内地址(Inside Address)信内地址要写出收信人的姓名和地址。一般给比较生疏的亲友的信和公事信件要写出信内地址,而熟悉朋友可以省去这一步骤。信内地址写出在日期下一两行的左上角,第一行写收信人的称呼姓名,然后写出地址。地质也是从小到大写出,分缩进式和齐头式两种。例如: 缩进式

The President Oxford University England 齐头式 Jiang Bin 64Heping Road P.R.China 3.称呼(Salutation)

称呼是对收信人的称谓。在信内地址下一两行处顶格写起,自成一行。末尾用逗号或冒号。

(1)当给一位熟悉的人写信时可以用Dear 或是My Dear。在英国,My Dear 比Dear亲切,而在美国,Dear比My Dear 亲切。

(2)当给一位你不知婚否的女性写信时,可以用Ms.……,这是指“……女士”。(3)在给不熟悉的人写信时,可以用Dear sir, Dear Madam, Dear sirs, Gentleman 等等。

4正文(Body of Letter)

正文是一封信的主体部分。通常在称呼的下一行写出。正文也可采用齐头式或缩进式的方法。齐头式是反映每段开头一行和后面行并齐。缩进式是指每段的第一行向右缩进几个字母。信笺讲究简洁、效率。开头几句简单地寒暄后就不如正题,在结尾处要有祝愿和敬语。常用的开头语有:

I have received your letter of July Ist.7月1 日来信已经收悉。I have the pleasure to tell you that …….很高兴告诉你……。

I am very much delighted to receive your letter.非常高兴收到你的来信。It is my honor to inform you that ……很荣幸告诉你……。常用的结束套话有:

I am looking forward to hearing from you 盼早日回信。Wish best regards.祝好。

Thank you for your help 感谢你的帮助!

Wish my best wishes for your success.祝你成功。Wishing you a happy holiday.祝假日愉快!

Hoping to hear from you soon.希望能尽快收到你的回信。

5结束语(Complimentary Close)

结束语在正文之后隔一两行的偏右方开始写出。开头字母用大写,以后的字母用小写,最后一个词后面用逗句。常用的结束语有: 一般非正式的关系: Yours sincerely, Yours truly, Yours faithfully, Most sincerely, Faithfully yours, 亲密的关系: Love, Yours love, Yours Affectionately, With love, Lovingly yours, Yours ever, 上级和长者:

Yours respectfully, Faithfully yours, 6署名(Signature)

在结束语的下方是签名,先手写出,再打出来。如果收信人不认识写出信人,可以在署名前用括号标出Mr.、Miss或Ms。在名称下面可注上头衔。如: Yours sincerely, Lucy Blake(手写)Lucy Blake(Miss)(打印)Sales Manager 7附言(Postscript),附件(Enclosure)

在信件正文写作时可能漏掉了某些事,或临时发生了某事需要补充时,可以在信下面左下方写出上P.S.如果随信有附件可在爱左下端注明。如: Enclosure:1.Invoice(发票)2.Resume(个人简历)

(二)英文书信实例

上面介绍了英文写信的主要组成部分以及各部分的写作特点,接下来我们将提供五种英文书信的范例。1祝贺信

当朋友有了喜事,如结婚、高升、获奖的时候,你可以向他写出一封祝贺信,表达你的嘱咐与恭贺。

例文1

Mechanical Engineering Department Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning,China November28,1999 Mr.WangXiming Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Mass.02139 U.S.A.Dear Mr.Wang, Thank you for your letter of November 3,1999.I am sorry not to have written back earlier but time seems to pass so quickly.I learnt from your letter that you had received you master's degree.I would like to congratulate you on your splendid success.In this letter I am bringing you a piece of good news:your wife gave a birth of a boy last week and she ins in good health now.The baby weighed eight jin at birth.Yesterday my wife and some other neighbors went to the hospital to see your wife and to congratulate her on the birth.She told them that she had been nursed with the best care since she was in hospital.Now I'm taking the Visiting School Test in Beijing.If I pass the examination, I'll leave for America soon.If not, I'll wait for another chance.I've never been to the U.S.A., and I know little about the institutions and customs there.I hope that you will write to me and tell me more about them.With best regards to you and your classmates.Yours sincerely, Zhang Jiao 2 感谢信

当别人帮了你一个忙时,你应该给他写封信,以示感激。例文2

Dear John: Thank you very much for the nice birthday present you have sent me!I have been longing for a dictionary for a long time.It will surly be very helpful to my study.It's very nice of you to remember my birthday.I'll make good use of the dictionary and I'll think of you with gratitude and affection every time I use it.Love, Sally 3邀请信

当邀请某位朋友参加活动,如交游、宴会时,可以写一封邀请信。信的语气应该谦逊,热情。例文3

Dear Mr.Clark: We are wondering if you and Mrs.Clark want to have supper with us on Friday, January 21st at seven o'clock? James and I are looking forward with great pleasure to seeing you and Mrs.Clark.We do hope you can come.Sincerely yours, Lucy Wheeler 4 申请信

当申请一项工作,或是申请一个学校留学时,都应该使用申请信。申请信应该简洁、明确、如实地反映你的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。例文4

下面是一封申请留学的书信:

The Department of Civil Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P.R.China November 20,1999 Prof.Steeve Hunter The Dept.Of Civil Engineering **** University New Your, NY 10017 U.S.A Dear Professor Steeve Hunter, I have for many years cherished the hope of studying civil engineering under your personal guidance as a graduate student in your university, to which your name has added so much luster.I was enrolled to study civil engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering Of Zhejiang University in September 1992.I graduated from Zhejiang University in July 1996.And ever since my graduation, I have been teaching in the Department of Civil Engineering of Dalian University of Technology.If you could tell the necessany procedure of taking the graduate course of your department, I will be very grateful to you.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, Zhao Hui(手写)Zhao Hui(打印)补充回答: 经典范文:

Dear My Friend, How are you? Do you want to know about my English study?OK,I will tell you.I study English at Sunday afternoon at two o'clock.I study JianQiao English.And,last Saterday I took part in the Public English Test.I think I can pass.And,next Monday,my school will have an English words test.I want to take part in.I am sure,I can win.Well,it's late.In the end of my letter,I put my best wishes for you!Please write to me soon!Yours, Jackyanbo

第四篇:常用英文书信

第十三章

常 用 英 语 文 书

第二节

常用英文书信

【例文13-2-1】

推荐信

October 2l,2006 To Whom It May Concern:

Miss Li Yuanyuan worked as a secretary in this company for three years;from 2000 to 2003.She is good at typing and shorthand and has fulfilled her other duties well.

As her immediate supervisor for the last two years,I can state that she is a very good secretary.She is hard—working and p1easant and well—1iked by the other members of our staff She now wants to move on to job with more responsibility and higher pay,for which she is surely qualified.

I can give her a wholehearted recommendation.Very truly yours,Zhang Zheyuan [译文] 有关人士:

李媛媛小姐从2000年至2003年在本公司担任秘书工作达三年之久。她打字及速记能力极强,其他的工作也做得很好。作为她二年来的直接领导,我可以说她是一位的优秀的秘书。

她工作勤奋,待人和善,深受公司同事的尊爱。她现在想转做责任更大、薪水较高的工作。她确实有此资格。

本人衷心地推荐她。

张哲元

2006年10月21日

【例文13-2-2】 求职信 October,2005 Dear Sir, I would like to apply for the position as civil engineer advertised in yesterday’s China

Daily.I was born in 1970 and graduated from ×× university.My major was civil engineering.I have been a civil engineering with Mr.Evans Smith, General Manager of the Universal Railway Co.

If these meet you requirements, please grant me an interview. Thank you in advance for your early reply.

Yours faithfully,Liu Bin [译文] 亲爱的先生:

看了昨日《中国日报》的广告,我想申请土木工程师一职,我出生于1970年,毕业于 ××大学,主修土木工程,一直在宇宙铁路公司总经理伊万斯〃史密斯处任桥梁工程师。

如上述条件尚能符合贵公司的要求,请约期面谈。盼能早日回信,不胜感激。

您的恭顺的 刘斌

2005年10月10日

【例文13-2-3】

申请信

Sep.15,2006 The secretary ×× Water Conservancy Society Dear sirs,As I have g1adly heard that your society has done excellent work ever once it foundation and enjoys high prestige both at home and abroad,I deem it a great honour to become one of its members.

I graduated from the water conservancy department of××University in1998,when l was engaged as an assistant by×× Research Institute.In 2001,I joined the Water Conservancy Of ××Province.In the Past 8 years since my graduation,I have written two books On key water control project and four papers on hydraulic engineering and other subject.I always feel that on many occasions my individual efforts were not adequate to overcome the difficulties in research work.More often than not I had to ask for help and support from others.In order to 1earn from senior colleagues,to obtain their guidance,cooperation and coordination,to keep up with the rapidly developing situation in water conversancy,I hope to join your association if l am eligible for membership. shall be much obliged if you will be so kind as to let me have by return mail a copy of your regulations together with an application form for me to fill in.

Your prompt to my request will be highly appreciated.

Sincerely yours,Liu Xishan

Encls:2books and five essays by me [译文] ××水利学会秘书 亲爱的先生们:

我非常高兴地听说,贵会自成立以来工作成绩卓著,在国内外享有盛名。因此,我认为加入贵会是莫大的荣誉。

本人于1998年毕业于××大学水利系,后受聘××研究所,担任助理。2001年进入××省水利学会,从事研究工作。毕业后8年来,我先后发表了两本有关水利枢纽的专著和四篇论述水利工程学和其他题目的文章。我一向觉得,我过去在许多情况下单凭个人的努力是难于克服研究工作中的某些困难,我经常要请其他人帮助和支援。为了向前辈学习,取得他们的指导、合作和配合,跟上水利方面日新月异的飞跃发展形势,我希望能加入贵会,成为会员。

盼您回信寄来有关事项的规定和入会申请表。此事烦您费心,不胜感激之至。

您的诚挚的 刘西山

2006年9月15日

附件:我的两本著作和五篇论文

【例文13-2-4】 辞职信

Sep.10, 2006 Dear Mr.Li,It was with mixed felling that I submit my resignation as manager for our corporation.Because of the confidence you have shown in my ability to take on new assignments,my six years with the corporation have been a time of growth and challenge.

As an engineer, I want to gain additional experience in other areas of irrigation works.I now have that opportunity and will be leaving the corporation on April 7.

I appreciate the support and encouragement you have given me during the years when I have worked under your leadership.

Yours truly,Zhan Tao [译文] 亲爱的李先生:

我作为本公司的经理,此刻向您提出辞职,心情十分复杂。由于您充分信任我的能力,使我担当各种新的工作,所以我在公司的六年,是不断成长和接受挑战的六年。

作为一名工程师,我想在水利工程的其他领域获得新的经验。而现在,我正好有了这样的机会,故此才提出辞职,并决定于4月7日离开公司。

我在您领导下工作的这些年里,您给予我不少支持和鼓励,本人在此深表谢意。

詹涛 敬上

2006年9月10日

【例文13-2-5】 邀请信

Nov.14, 2006 Dear professor Fishman, The Academic Conference on water resource utilization sponsored by ×× Water conservancy association well be held in Shenzhen from 6th to tenth October 2003.We take great pleasure in inviting you to attend the Conference.Your hotel accommodation meals will be borne by ours, but we will not pay for your air fare.If you have any paper or topics on which you would like to give talks, please inform me as soon as possible as the programmer is being finalized soon.Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience.With kind regards,Yours truly,Prof.Zhao Yumeng

Secretary of the Conference [译文]

亲爱的费希曼先生:

由××水利协会举办的水资源利用学术研讨会将于2003年10月6日到10日在深圳进行。我们高兴地邀请您参加会议。您的食宿将由我们负担,机票自理。

如果您有论文提交会议或对某课题要作发言的话,请尽快告知我们,因为会议将很快确定日程。

请尽早回复告知您参加与否。此祝 安好!

大会秘书 赵雨朦 教授

2006年11月14日

【例文13-2-6】 祝贺信 Dear Mr.Green, Im very glad to know that you have opened Water Conservancy and Installation Company and it starting its business today.I would like to add my congratulations to the many you must be receiving.With your brilliant background and long record of fine business, I’m sure the new company will be a great success and more prosperous day by day.My heartiest congratulation!

Yours truly,Zhao Yangliu [译文] 亲爱的格林先生:

,欣闻你创办的水利安装公司今天开业。你一定收到了许多贺信,我也向你祝贺。我坚信,你的丰厚基础,你所取得的良好经营业绩,会使你的公司欣欣向荣,蒸蒸日上。

致以最衷心的祝贺!

你的真诚的朋友

赵杨柳 敬祝

【例文13-2-7】 感谢信

July 28, 2006 Dear Mrs.Zhao Xiangmin,I’m writing to thank you for those two wonderful days in Beijing.I will always remember this visit.Before I arrived, I was a little anxious.But I had no need to worry.you gave me a very warm help and I soon felt at home.I will never forget your kindness and hospitality.And thank you, also, for arranging so many interesting things.The visits to the Great Wall, The thirteen Reservoir were unforgettable.It was very kind of you to do all this for me and I appreciate it more than I can say.Yours sincerely,Paula [译文] 亲爱的赵向民女士:

写这封信是为了感谢您在北京给我们带来的两天美好的时光,我将永远记住这次访问。在我到达之前,我有一点担心。但我的担心是多余的,因为你给了我热情的帮助,使我感到如同回到了家里。我将永远不会忘记您的友好和好客。同时,我也要感谢您为我们安排了令人难忘的游玩,长城、十三陵水库让我永记。非常感谢您为我所做的一切,我的感谢无法用言语来表达。

您的诚挚的朋友 保罗

2006年7月28日

【例文13-2-8】 慰问信 Dear Mr.Wang,I am very sorry to 1earn from the newspaper that widespread flooding is affecting large areas of your hometown.I was not able to give you any help owing distance,and I sincerely trust you all managed to tide over a difficulty without injury.

Hope to hear of your safety and to see you soon.

Truly yours,Li Ming [译文] 亲爱的王先生:

今阅报惊悉洪水淹没了你家乡的大部分地区。我因居所远隔,未能赴援。唯盼全家度过难关,无所损伤。

甚盼获悉足下平安,并早日一见。

你诚挚的李明

【例文13-2-9】 介绍信

China Service April 15,2007 Bureau of water conservancy Gentleman.in Charge,The bearer of this letter is Mr.Zhang Wen,who is entrusted with task of making the necessary arrangement with you for our going to your bureau to attend the report on the new technology utilization of rainfall flood resources.[译文]

兹介绍张文先生前往你处,联系有关前往你局听取有关雨水和洪水资源利用新技术报告事宜,请予接洽为盼。

此致

2007年4月15日

【例文13-2-10】 证明信 To whom it many concern: This is to certify that Mr.Li Qiang has been employed in our company as an engineer for the period from 1st July, 2002, up to date.He has faithfully attended to his duties and has proved himself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable.Sincerely yours, Wang Dong [译文]

兹证明李强先生自2002年7月至今受聘于我公司任工程师一职,任职期间,他忠于职守,工作勤奋,为人诚实可靠。

证明人:王东

第五篇:如何写英文书信

如何写英文书信

第一节 书信概述

英语书信可大致分为正式信件和非正式信件两大类。正式信件包括商业书信(如日常商业信、有关商品和服务的信等)、社会交往书信(如邀请信、感谢信等)和公证信(如证明信、委拖书等)。非正式信件指私人信件,如家信、给家属、朋友的信等。

书信是交流信息传递情感最常用的方式之一。要写好一封英文书信并不容易,除了必须掌握英语的文法及语言特点之外,还得掌握英文书信特有的格式。

英语书信的语言特点可以归结为Seven Cs原则。Clearness(明了)、Conciseness(简洁)、Correctness(准确)、Courtesy(礼貌)、Character(个性)、Completeness(完整)、和Candor(坦城)。

一、书信的格式(The letter styles)

英文书信的格式一般有四种,即齐头式(Full block style)、半齐头式(Semi-block style)、缩进式(Indented style)和半缩进式(Semi-indented style)。

1、齐头式(Full block style)在齐头式英文书信中,信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名等都从左边顶格开始。例如: 95 Hill Road Evanston, Illinoise

August 2, 2004

Anthony Walton, Esq.Marketing &Development Manager Tri-Wall Containers Ltd.One Mount Street London,WIY5AA

Dear Mr.Walton,Filling system catalogue We should be grateful for these copies of your current catalogues.We are particularly interested in filing cabinets.Your sincerely,Managing Director

2、半齐头式(Semi-block style)写信人的地址、日期和结束语、签名写到中间靠右的地方,其余部分从左边顶格开始。例如: 15 Avenue Street Bessemer, Alabama U.S.A

February 3, 2004

Dr.David Peters State Insurance Corporation 345 Hightower Boulevard Prince Town, US 12345

Dear Dr.Peters

On the advent of the new year I wish you a merry Christmas and a bright and prosperous new year!

May our pleasant relations continue to expand in the year to come.Sincerely yours,P.Y.liang Manager

3、缩进式(Indented style)在缩进式中,写信人地址、日期、收信人地址、结尾语和签名的排列,每一行都比上一行缩进1~2格。正文每段起行都缩进5个字母。例如: 20 High Street London SW1HOET Britain March 30,2004

Mr R Jameson 25 Silverthorn Gardens BATH Somerset BA29AN Britain

Dear Mr Jameson „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„.Very truly yours, J.P.Harvey

4、缩进式(Semi-indented style)写信人的地址、日期、结尾语和签名写在右边,收信人的地址、附件从左边顶格写起,信的正文每一段落起行都缩进5个字母。例如: Ms Barbars Edwards 26 West Avenue London NW220ET Britain April 30,2004

Mr James William Minister of Foreign Trade San Francisco, California 94122 U.S.A.Dear Mr William, „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„.Yours sincerely, Ms.Edwards

二、书信的构成(The parts of letters)

书信由以下几个部分组成:

1、信头(Heading)

信头是指寄信人的单位名称,地址和写信日期。信头的顺序一般为:单位名称、门牌号码和街道名称、城(镇)名、省(州)名、邮政编码、国名和写信日期。正式信件的完整信头应包括发信人的地址和写信日期。位置一般在信纸的右上角。若用印有信头的信纸,则打上写信日期即可。私人信件或非正式信件的信头只需保留写信日期。日期中的月份应完整拼出,不宜缩写。如:英式日期:14th August, 2004和美式日期October 8, 2004 不可写成 14th Aug.和Oct.8, 2004。

信头有齐头式和缩进式两种写法,与信封上的寄信人的姓名和地址的写法相同。

2、信内地址(Inside Address)

信内地址指收信人的姓名和地址,包括单位名称、门牌号码和街道名称、城(镇)名、省(州)名、邮政编码和国名,与信封上的收信人的地址的写法相同。信内地址位于信纸的左边顶格写起,低于寄信人地址和写信日期一至两行。

信内地址也有齐头式和缩进式两种写法,与信封上的收信人姓名和地址的写法相同。例1:

(信头Heading)123 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.June 4, 2004(信内地址Inside Address)Mr.William X.Johnson University of Ohio 316 Evergreen Street Freedom City ,Ohio 57632 U.S.A 例2.

(信头Heading)Li Ming Zhongnan University of Technology 1 Xueyuan Road Hengyang,Hunan421001 P.R.China

November,20,1999

(信内地址Inside Address)Dr.David Peters State Insurance Corporation 345 Hightower Boulevard Prince Town, US 12345

3、称呼(Salutation)

称呼写在低于信内地址一至二行的地方,从信纸的左边顶格写起,与信内地址第一行齐平。

称呼用语通常根据写信人和收信人的关系而定。写给关系一般的个人信:Dear Mr.Smith; Dear Prof.Tom;

Dear President Sherwood Scott等。写给熟人或亲朋好友的信:Dear Smith,My dear Ederward等。

写给政府机关、社会团体、公司等的公函:Gentlemen,(Dear)sir(s)。

收信人是女性:(Dear)Madam,My dear Madam,My dear Mesdames(复数)。

名誉头衔,如M.D.(医学博士),Ph.D.(哲学博士),M.A.(文学硕士), M.D.(理学士)等要放在姓名后面,并用逗号与姓名隔开,如William New, M.D.。其他头衔,如Mr.Charles Zhang, Cashier。收信人为普通大众或一组人时,可采用下列方式称呼: Dear Readers: 亲爱的读者: Dear Guest: 亲爱的旅客: Dear Customer: 亲爱的顾客:

4、信的正文(Body of the letter)信的正文就是书信的内容,也是书信的主体。

英语正文位于收信人的称呼下方,与称呼隔一至两行。正文的格式主要有齐头式和缩行式。正式书信无论采用哪一种格式,段与段之间都应空一行,表示分段。

就正文的内容而言,写事务信件时,一般应该开门见山,简明扼要,条理清楚,直截了当的说明写信的目的。如果信的正文较长,一页纸不够用,从第二页起不要用印有信头的信纸,用与第一页大小和颜色一样的白纸。

5、结束语(Complimentary Close)

结束语是写信人对收信人的一种谦称,相当于汉语的“此致,敬礼”、“XX谨启”等。结束语只占一行,低于正文一至两行。结束语的第一个词的第一字母要大写,末尾用逗号。英语书信中结束语的种类很多,使用何种结束语,通常根据写信人和收信人的关系而定。主要有下列几种不同用法:

收信人地位或辈分高:Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Most sincerely yours, 一般:

Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully, Truly, Truly yours, Yours truly, 亲密友好: Love, With love, Loving, Your loving, As always, As ever, Affectionately, Affectionately yours,6、签名(Signature)

签名即写信人的署名,通常包括手签的姓名、打印的姓名和头衔三项内容,前两项必须包括,后一项则根据需要选择。签名位于结束语的下面一至两行。亲笔签名须放在打字姓名的上面。

7、附件(Enclosure)

当信件有附件时,应在签名下方左下角注明(Enclosures)或它的缩写形式Encl.或Enc.附件两(份)以上应写明具体数目。例如: Enclosure: Catalogue附目录 Enc.: Invoices 5附发票5张

8、又及(Postscript)

又及又称再启或附言,用于补叙遗漏的话,通常以缩写形式P.S.出现。又及与信的正文左端对齐,低于签名部分二至四行。

以上八项内容中,第一至第六项内容是英语信函的主要组成部分,一般不可缺少。第七项和第八项则视情况而定。

三、信封的写法

英语信封的写法与汉语不同。写英语信封时,要先在信封正面的左上角写上寄信人的姓名和地址。顺序一般为:姓名、单位名称、门牌号码和街道名称、城(镇)名、省(州)后、邮政编码和国名。在信封正面中央写上收信人的姓名和地址,顺序与寄信人的姓名和地址相同。信封一般用打字机打出,可在收信人姓名前加上TO;在发信人姓名前加上FROM。例如:

(From)Li Ming, English Department of Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800 P.R.China

(To)Prof.Bradley A.Smith, College of English, Emporia State University, 1200 Commercial Emporia, Kansas 66801 U.S.A.By Air Mail 书写信封时注意以下几点: 1)目前信封的写法多为齐头式。

2)如果想说明信件的类别,投递方式以及其他有关情况,可在信封左上角(即寄信人姓名和地址的下面)或左下角写上说明语。常见的说明语有:Registered(挂号信),Double-Registered(双挂号信), By Air Mail(航空信), Immediate(急件), Express(快信), Ordinary Mail(平信), Confidential(机密), Printed Matter(印刷品), Sample Post(样品邮件), Manuscript(稿件), Photos Enclosed(内有照片), Photographs, Please Do Not Bend(内附照片,请勿折叠),With Parcel(packet)(另附包裹), Private(私人信,亲启)和Personal(个人信,私函)等。其中,Private, Personal和Confidential等说明语通常写在信封的左下角。例如: Ma Chun 15 Jiefang Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001

寄信人姓名地址

People’s Republic of China

Registered(挂号信)

Mr.John Warner English Language Institute

收信人

University of Pittsburgh 姓名地址 Pittsburgh,PA 15213 U.S.A Personal(私函)

3)如果信件寄给第三者,再由第三者转交给收信人,则在收信人姓名后(后一行)先写上C/O(=care of, 表示“由„„转交”), 然后再写上转交人的姓名,地址则变为转交人的地址。例如: Ma Chun 15 Jiefang Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001

寄信人姓名地址

People’s Republic of China

Registered(挂号信)

Mr.John Warner C/O Mr.Harold Wood Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15213 U.S.A 美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡大学机械系 哈罗德•伍德先生转交 约翰•魏纳先生收。

4)如果信件不是通过邮寄,而是托某某转交,则信封上不写收信人的地址,只写收信人的姓名,然后在收信人姓名后(后一行)先写上Kindness of, Politeness of, 或Through(By)Courtesy of等词语(这些词语均意为“请„„转交”),再写带信人的姓名。例如: Mr.John Warner Kindness of Mr.Harold Wood 敬请哈罗德•伍德先生转交约翰•魏纳先生

也可只写收信人姓名,而不写带信人姓名,这时,需要在收信人姓名之前(上面一行)写上Please Forward(请转交„„),例如: Please Forward Mr.John Hobart 请转交约翰•霍巴特先生

第二节 社交信函

社交信函也称礼节性书信。

社交信函包括的范围很广,按内容与功能分,有欢迎信、感谢信、祝贺信、慰问信、道歉信、邀请信、介绍信、推荐信等等。

社交信函在英文书信中占很大比例,使用人数较多,应用范围较广。每一封社交书函都有一个特定而明确的目的。此类书信一般都开门见山,中肯切题,不涉及与该目的无关之事。

一、欢迎信(Letters of Welcome)

写欢迎信的目的主要是为了建立友好关系。写欢迎信应注意以下几点: 1)语气热情友好,使对方感到亲切温暖。

2)应首先向对方表示欢迎和问候,并可简要介绍本方情况及对未来的展望。

3)结尾时可再次对对方表示欢迎。例信1: Dear friends,Welcome to our school.We are glad to have such a group of experienced teachers visiting us.We are sure the exchange of views among us will promote the friendly relationship between China and America.Finally, I hope you will enjoy your stay in China, make new friends and take away memories of a pleasant, productive day.After your visit, we sincerely hope you will give us your valuable suggestions.Sincerely yours,二、感谢信(Letters of thanks)

感谢信是社交书信中极常见的一种,是受到对方某种恩惠,如受到邀请、接待、慰问、收到礼品及得到帮助之后,而表态感谢的信函。感谢信的形式和内容视你受惠的程度以及你与收信人的关系的密切程度而定,简单随和的感谢信用一句话就能表明意思。写作时要注意以下几点: 1)措辞要自然,诚恳亲切,语气应谦恭有礼。2)一开始就表示感谢之意,再说明感谢的原因。

3)使用些恰当的词表示对收信人提供的帮助或赠送的礼品的赞美,但不可言过其实。

4)感谢信尽量用手写,这显得更有诚意。例信2: Dear Christina,Thank you very much for inviting us to your lovely party last night.We enjoyed the delicious dinner and delightful conversation very much..It was so thoughtful of you to think of us.We hope we can have you over to our house soon.With love, Mike 例信3: Dear Sirs

Thank you for your letter of June4, enclosing an account of the organization and work of your Chamber of Commerce and Industry.We are very grateful for such a detailed account of your activities.This information is certain to help increase our future cooperation.Yours faithfully

三、祝贺信(Letters of Congratulations)

祝贺信是亲朋好友之间喜庆祝贺及建立保持良好商业关系时的一种信函,如用于祝贺重大节日、订婚、结婚、生子、受奖、乔迁、提升等。这类祝贺信除了表示喜悦之情和祝贺之意外,就是增强彼此的感情,所以文字自然轻松,没有拘泥之感。写祝贺信时要注意以下几点: 1)开门见山交待值得祝贺的事,并表达自己的祝贺之情。2)进一步说明自己对值得祝贺之事的评价和自己的真切体会。3)在信的结尾处再次表示祝贺及对收信人贴切的称赞。例信4:(祝贺生日)Dear Mike,Here is a word of cheer for your 30th birthday from your old friend.My entire family joins me in sending you sincere and kind wishes.Please accept the small gift I am sending you as a token of my best wishes for your happy birthday.Sincerely yours, Robin 例信5:(祝贺提升)Dear Mr.Minister

Allow me to convey my congratulations on your promotion to Minister of Trade, I am delighted that many years service you have given to your country should have been recognized and appreciated.It has been a pleasure working with one as competent as you.I have always felt that you handle the problems we sent you exceptionally well.We are looking forward to your trip to China next month when we can celebrate your advancement in a more formal way.Wish you continued success.‘

Sincerely yours

四、慰问信(Letters of Consolation)

慰问信是对别人发生的不幸(如朋友生病、受伤、家人丧亡、遭受物质上的损失或是生意失败等)表示问候、慰勉、关切、同情和鼓励的一种书信。这类信应当诚恳而简短,语气要沉缓,切忌言语花哨而无实际内容。例信6: Dear Ann,I can’t tell you how sorry I was to learn of your accident.But your sister tells me you will leave the hospital in two days.I’m certainly relieved to hear that!

I hope the flowers will brighten the room and cheer you up a little.Love 例信7: Dear Jane,I’m very regretful to hear of your failure in the final examination.I know you must feel discouraged.But that is not necessary.I know you are a hardworking student.I’d like to suggest that you should always ask “why ”.If you are not clear about the points in your study, review them or write them down and ask your teachers or classmates.I’m sure you’ll catch up with the other students next term.Please feel free to ask for my help if you need it.Yours

五、道歉信(Letters of Apology)

生活中,由于我们的疏忽或是不当行为给他人造成了伤害或财产损失,我们都需要向当事人道歉,说明原由,争取对方的谅解或赔偿对方的损失。道歉信言辞要恳切真诚。在写这种信时要注意以下几点: 1)开门见山真切地说出道歉的原因。

2)提出对己造成的伤害和财产损失的具体弥补措施。3)结尾段要再次表明歉意,请求收信人的谅解。例信8: Dear Mary,I am writing to you with some embarrassment and many apologies.Remember when I promised to call you last month? Well, unfortunately I was called away on business, and in the rush forgot to do as I had promised.I’m very sorry about this.I’ll be very careful next time.Sincerely yours,六、邀请信(Letters of Invitations)

邀请信分为正式和非正式两种。正式的邀请信,即请柬,格式严谨,有固定程式,用第三人称书写;非正式邀请信格式要求不如请柬那么严格,用第一人称书写,称呼也教自由。写请柬时要注意以下几点: 1)第一排写主人的名字。主人若是以夫妇的名义发出邀请的,第一排就得写夫妇两人的名字。

2)被邀请者的姓名写在第三排,被邀请的若是一对夫妇,也应写全夫妇两人的名字。

3)请柬上每句话后的标点都省略不用。

4)在请柬的左下角标明“R.S.V.P.”,表示请柬需要被邀请人回复。有的请柬的右下角还标有“formal”的字样,被邀请人就应穿正式场合穿的衣服。

5)出席婚礼的邀请信,一般以新郎或新娘父母的名义发出。正式的请柬和非正式的邀请信都以提前两周寄出最为理想。例信9:(婚礼请柬)Mr.And Mrs.Charles Robert Oldname request the honor of your presence at the marriage of their daughter Pauline Marie to Mr.John Fredrick Hamilton Saturday, the twenty-ninth of April At four o’clock

Church of the Heavenly Rest New York 兹定于四月二十九日(星期六)下午四时在纽约天安教堂为小女玻琳•玛利与约翰•弗雷德里克•汉密尔顿先生举行婚礼,恭请光临。查尔撕•罗伯特•奥德内姆夫妇谨定

例信10)(邀请共度周末)Dear Mike,I hope you and Tom don’t have any plans for the weekend of July 20th, because we ’d like you to spend it with us at Park Beach.The ocean is beautiful at this time of the year.Maria and I both very eager to have you there, so don’t disappoint us!

Affectionately yours, Karl 亲爱的迈克:

我希望7月20号那个周末你和汤姆没有其他计划,因为我们想邀请你们到帕克海滩来共度周末。每年此时,大海都有很美。我和玛丽亚都希望你能去。卡尔敬上

七、介绍信(Letters of Introduction)

介绍信是使本来互不相识的人相互认识的一种书信,主要介绍收信人和被介绍人之间进行业务交往,实质上是垦请对方给予第三者以照顾和帮助,适用于社交活动和业务活动中。

介绍信可分为业务介绍信、私人介绍信和特殊介绍信(亦称推荐信)。语言应简洁明了,篇幅简短。一般由三部分组成:

1)简要介绍被介绍人的姓名以及介绍人与被介绍人之间的关系。2)详细介绍被介绍人的简历以及被介绍人的要求。3)最后表示希望得到对方的帮助并致以问候和谢意。例信11: Dear Mike, I have the great pleasure to introduce to you the bearer of this letter, Mr.Green, a sales manager of ABC Software Co.Ltd.He is a personal friend of mine and is visiting your city to make a market investigation.I shall be much obliged if you could give him the benefits of your advice and wxperience.Yours faithfully, John 亲爱的迈克:

兹介绍持信人格林先生来你处。格林先生是ABC软件有限公司的销售经理,而且是我个人的一位朋友,他将去做市场调查。

若能给他提供建议并对他工作予以指导的话,我将万分感激。约翰敬上 2002年11月1日

八、推荐信(Letters of Recommendation)

推荐信是向有关单位或个人推荐人才的信件,它属于特殊介绍信但又不同于介绍信。写推荐信的人或单位必须对被推荐者有一定的了解。另外,写推荐信的人最好有较深的资历,如被推荐者的原单位领导,本行业的专家等,知名度越大越好。推荐信一般分为两种:专用推荐信(特意为被推荐人申请某一职务而写)和通用推荐信(即同一封推荐信可用于不同的招聘单位)。

撰写推荐信时,要充分肯定被推荐人的成绩,突出被推荐人的技能和优势,篇幅不宜过长,但也不能三言两语,草草了事。推荐信一般包括以下三个内容:

1)说明推荐人与被推荐人的关系、熟识程度等; 2)概述被推荐人的能力、品质及性格等有关情况; 3)建议聘方录用。

推荐信上应注明推荐人的工作单位、联系电话、职称或职务等。例信12(推荐读研究生)To Whom It May Concern, I take pleasure in recommending Mr.Li Lei, one of my former students, for graduate study in the field of Mechanical design, production and automation at your department.I was deeply impressed by Mr.Li because he was a very diligent student.During his four years at University, he showed himself open to new ideas, but at the same time, he is not likely to be influenced by any unconvincing trend or fashion.With his abilities and his intelligence, he achieved excellent results in his studies.In dealing with his fellow students, Mr.Li always showed his willingness to help others with their difficulties.Mr.Li has a strong desire to pursue higher knowledge.I believe that Mr., with his excellent academic abilities and rich experience in a big company for a few years, is undoubtedly qualified for graduate study in your department.I sincerely hope that his application will have your kind attention.Yours faithfully, Wu Jianxiong(Professor)Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University 负责同志:

很高兴地向您推荐我以前的一们学生李雷。他有意在你校攻读机械设计制造及自动化专业的研究生学位。

我对他的印象是他很勤奋。在四年的大学生活中,我感觉到他善于接受新事物,但同时又不会轻易地被一些未曾确证的观念所影响。他头脑灵活,成绩优异。在跟同学相处时,他乐于替他人排忧解难。

李雷有很强的求知欲,他的学术能力较强,加上几年来在一家大公司所积累的丰富经验,我相信他一定有能力在你系继续他的研究生学习。我真诚地希望你能考虑他的申请。吴建雄

清华大学电子工程系教授 2002年7月27日

第二章 商务信函 第一节 概述

要写好商务信函不仅应具备相关的业务知识,掌握好法规和条款等,还应具备较扎实的语言基础,熟悉信函的书写形式和行文要求。

一、商业信函的要素

英文商业信函通常包括七部分:信头(letter head),日期(date),收信人地址、姓名(inside name and address),称谓(salutation),内容(body),结束语(complimentary close),签名(signature)。除以上七部分之外,还有一些商业信函有如下部分:编号(reference)、标题(subject line)、附件(enclosure)、抄送(carbon copies)。

1、信函编号(reference)

信函编号便于来往书信的存盘和查阅,建议写信时注明:“我方存盘号:NJ/M CF2”。在回信时,由于来函有一个编号,因此应该打上: 我方编号:Our ref.NJ/JL CF2(寄出的信)你方编号:Your ref.DB/lih(收到的信)#编号通常在日期的上方或和日期平齐靠左的位置,包括以下内容: 1)信人的姓名缩写(用大写字母)。2)书的姓名缩写(大小写均可)。

2、指定收信人姓名(attention line)

指定收信人即特定收件人或经办人。当发信者希望收信单位的某个人或某个部门迅速输

出此信件时,可在封内地址下面写上指定的阅信人姓名或经办部门名称,常见的写法如下:

(1)Attention: Mr.Thomas Green(2)Attention of Mr.Thomas Green(3)Attention of Marketing Manager(4)Plymouth Rock Manufacturing 412 Atlantic Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Attention: J.P.Scovill, Chief Engineer Ladies and Gentlemen: 注意(4)例的称呼是“Ladies and Gentlemen”,而不是“Dear Mr.Scovill”,因为信函是写给公司的,Scovill只不过是特定的经办人。

3、标题(sbject line)

在信中加上醒目的标题可以使对方一看就知道信的内容,既节省了时间,又提高了办公效率。可以用几个词开头,如。Subject:;Re:;Reference。有时还可以直接写标题,不用这些词开头。一般标题要全部大写或下划线。在简化的信函格式中,标题可以代替称谓。标题的位置还可以根据各个公司的习惯不同而不同。例如: Ⅰ.Kelven Clock Company 1345 Granby Street Springville, CA 25767

Dear Purchase agent: SUBJECT: Your Order #3256

Ⅱ.Smart Cook Company 1345 Granby Street Springville, CA 25767

Dear Purchase agent: Your ORDER NO 1234

4、附件(enclosure)

如果随信附寄了东西,可以在信中说明,如“Enclosed is„”,也可以在信的最后这样写:“Enclosure”或“Enc”,要放在名字首写字母的下边。如果附寄有多个文件,还要加上编码,看下面的例子: Ⅰ.BM/rt Ⅱ.LMD: rd Ⅲ.GM/tl Enc Enclosures 3 Enc 3 1.Birth Eertificate 2.Visa 3.Letter of reference

5、抄送(carbon copies)

如果写给Mr.Black的一封信已经复印一份给Mrs.Clayman,就要在信中说明。如:

Ⅰ.DM/TS Ⅱ.LT/sa CC:Mrs.Clayman copy: Mrs.Clayman Credit Department CC:是Carbon Copy的缩写,是从前使用复写纸眷写副本时的用语,现在不论是否使用复写纸,只要是同一份文件的副本,就可写成CC:。CC:的写法并不固定,无论是小写的c.c.: 或cc: 还是大写的CC: 都可以。

二、商业信函的格式

商业信函的格式通常会成为企业形象的一部分,不同的机构有自己写信的格式,常见的是用齐头式(信的每一部分开始都左顶格写),不用标点符号(只有内容、段落用标点,称谓和结束语不用)。此外还有混合式和缩进式格式。通常缩进式信函是最为正式的格式,齐头式最不正式,混合式居中。但是,现在商业信函越来越倾向于齐头式。

1、齐头式例信:

信头: ABC Trading Co.188 Newton Palace Norfolk NG29 OPA 01345 567921 Fax 01345 438972

编号: Our Ref RL/VP 日期: 3 September 2003

收信人地址姓名:M J Marks 30 A.Lington Court CAMBRIDGE Cambs CA29 5RT

称谓: Dear Ms.Marks 主题: 500 dozen T-shirts 内容: Thank you for your inquiry in your letter of April 5 for our T-shirts.We are now sending our quotation sheet for your selection.We also enclose a sample and are sure that you will be satisfied with their superior quality.Hope to serve you soon

结束语: Yours sincerely 签名: Rebecca Johnson

Rebecca Johnson Manager

附件: Enc

2、混合式例信: ABC Trading Co.188 Newton Palace Norfolk NG29 OPA 01345 567921 Fax 01345 438972

Our Ref RL/VP 3 September 2003

M J Marks 30 A.Lington Court CAMBRIDGE Cambs CA29 5RT

Dear Ms.Marks 500 dozen T-shirts

Thank you for your inquiry in your letter of April 5 for our T-shirts.We are now sending our quotation sheet for your selection.We also enclose a sample and are sure that you will be satisfied with their superior quality.Hope to serve you soon

Yours sincerely Rebecca Johnson

Rebecca Johnson Manager

Enc

3、缩进式例信: ABC Trading Co.188 Newton Palace Norfolk NG29 OPA 01345 567921 Fax 01345 438972 Our Ref RL/VP 3 September 2003

M J Marks 30 A.Lington Court CAMBRIDGE Cambs CA29 5RT Dear Ms.Marks 500 dozen T-shirts

Thank you for your inquiry in your letter of April 5 for our T-shirts.We are now sending our quotation sheet for your selection.We also enclose a sample and are sure that you will be satisfied with their superior quality.Hope to serve you soon.Yours sincerely Rebecca Johnson

Rebecca Johnson Manager

Enc

三、商业信函的内容构成

商业信函一般要有开头(opening)、中间(body)和结束(closing)三部分。

1、开头(opening)

开头没有固定的写法,可以简单地说明写信的原因或要求,也可以提一下上一封信、合同或文件,或使用生动的开头引起读者的兴趣。第一次通信时也可以用开头来简要介绍自己。

开头语一般自成一段,文字简洁。许多商务信函不用开头语。Ladies and Gentlemen:

Thank you for your letter of August 10 and your samples of shoes.We appreciate the quality of your shoes„

2、正文(body)

正文是信函的主体,给收信人提供你想传递的详细信息,表达写信人的具体愿望、要求、看法等。正文部分可以是一段或几段,最好一段表达一个意思。需两页或更多页信纸时,应在续页上注明收信人名称、页数、日期,续页不用印有信头的纸。续页写法如下:(1)Mr.John Smith Page 2 April 22, 2004(2)Page 2 The ABC Company, June 3, 2004 信的正文部分所用的英语应该清楚简明,段落清晰,标点正确。段落划分——在信中每段表达不同的内容,因此可能一段只有一句话:但是短小的段落太多会破坏信的整体外观。

小 标 题——如果内容分成几部分,每一部分使用小标题。

列 表——如果一个段落包括一些想法,可以以列表的形式表现出来,还可以用项目编号和符号加以突出。

间 距——几乎所有的商务书信都采用单倍行距,段落之间采用双倍行距。

3、结尾(closing)

信的结束语可以重复信中说的事情,发信人要做或希望收信人做的事,也可以是套话,位置在正文结束之后,需另起一段。如:

(1)Wish to hear from you soon.(希望不久收到你们的消息)(2)If you need further information, please tell us.(如果需要更多信息,请告知我们)。

第二节 建立贸易关系

如果希望向国内外公司销售某种产品,或从其它公司购买某种产品,首先要查明将和谁打交道。一般可以通过银行、外国商会、中国驻外商参赞处、同业商行、商界朋友、贸易行名录、相关行业杂志、广告等渠道获得对方公司的行名和地址,然后就可以开始向有关方面发函。写建立贸易关系信件必须做到以下三点:

1)说明你是通过什么途径得到对方公司的行名和地址;

2)简单进行自我介绍,如自己公司经营的范围、规模、历史等,其次阐明你希望购买或者推销何种产品等等,有时也提到建立业务关系的原则及买卖的条件;

3)最后提出希望彼此合作,发展互利互惠贸易关系的愿望。并期待对方及早回复,等等。

收到这类信函之后,必须及时有礼貌地给予完整的答复,以便树立信誉和给对方留下良好的印象。建立贸易关系例信: Dear Sirs,Your company has been introduced to us by the Councilor’s Office of the Embassy of your country in China, as a prospective buyer of household electrical appliances in your country.We are one of the leading dealers in household electrical appliances in our country.We would like to establish direct trade relation with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.Enclosed is a copy of our catalogue about various products including types, prices and terms of payment for your reference.We await your favorable reply.Yours faithfully, 敬启者:

我们从贵国驻华大使馆商务处得知贵公司是贵国主要的家电进口商。本公司是中国主要的家电经销商之一,我们想在平等互利的基础上和你们建立直接的贸易关系。现随信附寄我公司各种产品的详细资料,包括各种型号、价格和付款方式,以供参考。等候你方惠复。你真诚的

第三节 询盘信与还盘信

一、询盘信

在国际贸易中,询盘是业务磋商的第一步。询盘又称作询价。一封询盘信通常是买方为了了解卖方所提供的商品目录或样品,询盘信语言应简洁、具体,列出所需货物的规格、质量、数量或交货期等,以便供货人据此发盘。买卖是公司与公司之间的交易,因此询盘应寄给公司,以避免不必要的延误。写应注意以下事项: 1)告知对方你的消息来源。

2)介绍有关你方的业务情况,诸如经营范围、所需数量、通常采用的贸易条款。

3)提出希望供货商能为你所做的事情的愿望。询盘例信1: Dear Sirs:

Your firm has been recommended to us by the James Oliver & Co.of Conventry, with whom we have done business for many years.We are interested in your electric heaters, particularly Model F, for use in offices and shall be glad if you will send us a copy of your illustrated catalogue with details of your current prices and terms of payment.We appreciate your early reply.Yours sincerely

Dear Sirs:

Your firm has been recommended to us by the James Oliver & Co.of Conventry, with whom we have done business for many years.We are interested in your electric heaters, particularly Model F, for use in offices and shall be glad if you will send us a copy of your illustrated catalogue with details of your current prices and terms of payment.We appreciate your early reply.Yours sincerely

敬启者:

同我公司有多年贸易往来的考文•詹姆斯奥佛公司向我推荐了你公司。我们对你公司的电热器,特别是办公室用F型的电热器感兴趣。请寄一份带有插图的商品目录,并附带列明详细价格和支付条件。若早日答复,我们不胜感激。你真诚的 询盘例信2: Dear Sirs,We recently saw the advertisement of your “White Healthier” cloth which could be made into ladies’ skirts.We would be grateful if you could send us full details of this material.We are a large importer of textile products ans would like to introduce a new type of material to our customers.Please wend us a catalogue and pricelist, and tell us your terms of business and delivery date.If your terms are favorable we shall probably order about 10,000 meters, and more in future.We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully 敬启者:

我们最近看到贵公司的可以用来制作女裙的“白色健康多”布匹的广告。若贵方能够寄给我们关于此布料的全部资料,我们将非常感激。我们大量进口纺织品,并且愿意介绍新型原料给我们的顾客。请寄来产品目录和报价单,并请告知交货条件和交货日期。

如果交易条件合适的话,我们可能订购大约1万米,以后还会订购更多。期待您的答复。你真诚的

二、还盘信

还盘是受盘人不完全同意发盘的内容而提出的修改或变更意见。受盘人若对发盘的某些交易条件不满意,或认为其中某些条款与他所预期的有出入,他就可能拒绝这个报盘,或者提出自己的建议或条件。一收到这样的还盘,出口商要重新报盘。还盘的内容涉及贸易的许多方面,诸如商品价格、规格、付款方式、包装、交货日期、贸易术语等。还盘被视为一个新的发盘。一方的发盘经对方还盘后即失去效力,除非得到原发盘人同意,受盘人不得在还盘后反悔,再接受原来的发盘。在国际贸易中,一笔交易是经过多次的发盘——还盘——反还盘的反复磋商,才最终达成。还盘信应包括以下内容: 1)对卖方的报盘表示感谢。2)提出对报盘的更改意见及原因。3)希望对方接受还盘。还盘例信: Dear sirs,We write to thank you for your letter of 9th October and for the samples of nylon shirt you kindly sent me.We appreciate the good quality for these garments, but unfortunately your prices appear to be in the high side even for garments of this quality.To accept the prices you quote would leave us with only a small profit in our sales since these is an area in which the principal is for articles in the medium price range.We hope you will reconsider the matter and send us a new offer.Your sincerely 敬启者:

感谢贵方10月9日的来函及尼龙衬衫样品。

我方欣赏这些衣服的优良品质,但可惜贵厂似乎开价过高。假若接受这个价目,我方无多少利润可赚,因为本区买家主要倾向于购买中等价格货品。

请贵方考虑这一情况并重新提出报价。

你真诚的

第四节 订货信与确认订货信

一、订货信(order letter)

公司通常用印好的订单订货。订货的人要注意订单要包括尽可能详细的信息。

订单一般包括如下内容:产品目录号;数量;商品性质(型号、号码、颜色);单价、全价;买方身份;发货地址;运输方式;付款方式;交货日期;其他信息(如订单号、订货日期、推销员名)等。订货例信: Dear sirs, We thank for your quotation of 3 October and the sample garments you sent us.We find both quality and prices satisfactory and are pleased to place an order with you for the following:

1,000 MJ Blouses(five colors and five sizes)2,000 CP Suntops(five colors and five sizes)

The terms agreed upon with Mr.Wang during my telephone conversation this morning are as follows: a.prices as stated in your quotation of 3 October to include delivery to final destination.b.Payment to be made in Sterling to your London representative within one month of the arrival of the goods at Livepool.c.Insurance to be arranged by you with a Lloyd’s broker through your London representatives.We should appreciate prompt shipment and hope to establish a regular connection for the future if this first consignment proves to conform to the samples supplied.Yours sincerely

二、确认订货信(acknowledgement letters)

公司收到订货信后要尽快回信,回复订货时要告诉客户他们会尽快得到订货,希望进一步交易等。但是有时候,由于某些原因,如缺货、客户信誉不好、订货数量太小、订货条款不合适等,需要对订单进行拒绝。拒绝订货信要写得委婉,解释清楚原因,并要表示对将来生意的关心。确认订货例信1:a).letter of acceptance Dears sirs,We were pleased to receive your Order NO.345 for garments.We accordingly accept the order and shall arrange delivery as soon as possible.We hope they will reach you in good time and that we may have further orders from you.Yours sicerely 确认订货例信2:a).letter of regret Dear sirs

We have carefully considered your counter-proposal of 5th May to our offer of woolen underwear, but much regret that we can not accept.The prices we quoted in our letter of 2nd May leave us with only the smallest or margins, they are in fact lower than those of our competitors for goods of similar quality.The wool used in the manufacture of our ‘Thermaline” range undergoes a special process that prevents shrinkage and increases durability.The fact that we are the largest suppliers of woolen underwear in this country is in itself evidence of the good value of our products.If, having given thought to the matter, you feel you cannot accept our offer, we hope it will hot prevent you from approaching us on some other occasions.We shall always be glad to hear from you and will carefully consider any proposal likely to lead to business between us.Yours sincerely

第五节 推销信(sales letter)

推销信是一种广告。企业写推销信的目的是与客户或潜在的客户沟通,试图说服他们购买产品或服务。推销信主要的目的有:发布新产品或服务;维持或改善现有市场地位;更新产品或服务;维持或改善客户对产品的认知度;支持促销活动;改进公司形象。

写推销信最重要的就是要用为读者考虑的语气,推销信要注意以下几点:

1)引起对方兴趣。只有读者感兴趣,才能去买。2)描述产品并证实产品的可信性。3)给读者提供购买信息。推销例信: Dear Customer,SUBJECT: OMNICORP DEVELOPS THE SPELL GRAMM ENGLISH SPELLING AND GRAMMAR RVERIFICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Do you ever have problems with spelling, sentence construction and typographical errors?

If so, your problems are over new OMNICORP SPELL GRAMM—the first word-processing software package that combines English spelling verification with English grammar verification.70,000k-WORD VOCABULARY--WITH ROOM FOR MORE Since 70,000 words comprise 99.4 percent of our everyday vocabulary, the size of the database is not as which words are included.Our word-frequency research has created an immensely practical database.And we give the customer the opportunity to add user-specific terms—even proper names of individuals.AUTOMATIC HYPHENATION, CAPITALIZATION, AND ABBREVIATION SPELLGRAMM offers unique features that will automatically hyphenate words correctly whenever necessary.Proper nouns and the initial words in sentence are automatically capitalized, and correct abbreviations are available upon command.TWENTY OF THE MOST COMMON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS AUTOMATICALLY ELIMINATED Dangling participles, misplaced modifiers, incorrect pronoun reference, inconsistent tenses, and more—all are flagged for quick correction.The SPELLGRAMM program is efficient.It will enable you to easily produce neat, readable copy.And, with Omnicorp’s special introductory price, it is low-priced as well.

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