Love Is An Open Door-献给艾米丽的玫瑰A Rose for Emily读后感英文版

第一篇：Love Is An Open Door-献给艾米丽的玫瑰A Rose for Emily读后感英文版

Clouds Are Beautiful Only When They’re Floating Free

——79k临床药学二班 郭崇真125010202 “Love is like quicksilver in the hand.Leave the fingers open and it stays.Clutch it, and it darts away.”

After reading the novel A Rose for Emily, there are many thoughts wandering in my head.I believe that love needs freedom.If you keep the door of your heart open when you put someone in it, he or she will be able to choose whether be with you to love you back or not.However, once you make it closed, your love will be like a cage that makes the one you love imprisoned.Emily’s father loves Emily too much to let her have normal life as others.He separated her from the men with which she may fall in love.Therefore, she had no one but her father to communicate with, which is a pretty strange thing for a young lady in her age.In this condition, Emily was extremely difficult to form a healthy personality.It’s obvious that Emily’s father failed in teaching her how to love in a proper way.Emily was just fettered.Then she did the same thing as her father.She refused to accept the fact that her father had already died.What’s more terrible, she made Barrow, the man she loves, be with her together forever in a creepy way.Did Barrow love Emily? Perhaps he did.I don’t know whether he had a crush on Emily for a time or not.But I’m sure he was not willing to die especially when he was young and capable.Being loved by such a crazy lady can’t be more tragic, can it?

Did Emily’s servant become dumb by accident? Perhaps he did.I guess his dumbness had something to do with Miss Emily.She may be afraid of being revealed by the servant and make him dumb.However, she lost the only person she can talk with.Emily was shackled by chains of her father’s love.Barrow was shackled by chains of Emily’s love.They are all victims.Does God punish or reward us with love?

Love is supposed to be the fire that will warm your house and brighten your

room.Unfortunately, Emily’s love is a kind of fire that can burn your house down and leave no room for you to sleep in.From my perspective, love is a thing that belongs to two persons.To love is not to let him or her do the things you want him or her to do, but to do the things you two both like to make you feel happy to be with each other.To love is not to limit his or her movements or life, but to let him or her live free.Love is not only a will to possess but a will to present with all respect.“The fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly.And the best way to keep love is to give it wings to fly free.”

Clouds are beautiful only when they are floating free.So is love.If Miss Emily had learned that, she would leave a sweet love story about a romantic rose to us.

第二篇：英美经典文学 献给艾米丽的玫瑰悲剧分析 论文 名著5000字读后感 读书笔记

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》悲剧分析

上个学期我选修了英美经典文学之一门选修课，其中老师给我们推荐了许多的阅读书目。暑假期间，趁着闲来无事，于是便上网查找了相关的书籍来阅读，其中一篇给我的影响尤其深刻，那便是《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》。

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是美国南部小说的代表人物，威廉·福克纳发表的被誉为最富盛名的短篇小说代表作，也是世界短篇小说史上的一朵奇葩，绚丽无比。

它特殊之处就在于它能够让人全神灌注地把整篇看完，之后仍然意犹未尽，又多么希望把整个故事说给别人听；虽然结局令人痛苦不堪，可是发人深省。《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是一篇以爱为主轴的小说,也许它不浪漫也没有激情，但在某些小地方总不经意的透出一丝感人的气息。

文章所描述的是美国南北战争以后的一个南方小镇杰弗逊小镇上格里尔生家族的命运。文中的主人公——艾米丽·格里尔生小姐直到三十岁还未出嫁。因为她的父亲，作为家族族长的父权倾向严重的父亲，为了维护所谓的等级和尊严，赶走了所有向艾米丽求爱的男子，剥夺了她幸福的权利。在父亲过世后，行政当局要铺设人行道，建筑公司的工头是个北方佬，名叫荷默·伯隆，个子高大，皮肤黝黑，精明强干，声音洪亮的荷默很快便俘获了艾米丽小姐的芳心。不久，人们便看到他和艾米丽小姐一起驾着马车出游。镇上的人们议论纷纷，他们都不相信他俩能成为终身伴侣，人们怜悯艾米丽，作为一个没落的南方贵族中的高贵的淑女居然看中了一个拿日工资的黑皮肤的北方佬。父亲的死于艾米丽而言并不是一种解脱，艾米丽仍活在父亲的阴影之中，艾米丽仍然没有摆脱家族尊严的束缚——当她发现荷默无意与她结婚的时，艾米丽毫不留情地选择了用砒霜毒死了荷默。从此，艾米丽便在破旧封闭的宅院里过着与世隔绝的生活，并与荷默的尸体同床共枕40年，直到艾米丽小姐去世，小镇上的居民才发现了这个惊人的秘密。

艾米丽小姐最后孤独地死去无疑是为这一悲剧画下了句点。然而所有的悲剧的结尾，总是会有众多的成因，在我看来，原因有四点。

一、父权制与恋父情结

这部小说里，对艾米丽影响之大之深的当属她的专制的父亲。弗洛伊德创立了“恋母情结”，意指男孩对母亲产生的特殊性依赖，同样，他又提出了“恋父情结”，来意指女孩对父亲产生的特殊性依赖。艾米丽自幼丧母，随父亲长大，并且如同父亲所期望的那样，成为了一个有教养、有内涵的南方淑女。艾米丽的父亲在世时，小镇上的人们“把这家人看作一幅画：身段苗条，穿着白衣的艾米丽小姐立在背后，她父亲岔开双腿，背对艾米丽，手执一根长鞭，一扇向后开的门恰好嵌住了他们俩的身影。”而代表着南方淑女的骄傲与尊严的艾米丽小姐孤芳自赏，与世隔绝，她“什么样的青年男子都看不上眼。”世界上除了父亲和与她朝夕相处的黑人奴仆外再也没有其他人能够接近她，了解她。而那个黑人奴仆亦离群索居，扑朔迷离。而艾米丽小姐的父亲则“赶走了所有的青年男子。”可以看出，高大威猛的父亲对于艾米丽而言就像是一个保护神，是她感情的支柱，生命的另一半。正如弗洛伊德所言，女孩对父亲已经形成了一种稳定的依赖关系，父亲在女孩的眼中就像是一把巨大的保护伞，为自己遮风挡雨，而一旦这种稳定的关系被破坏以后，女孩就会便会强烈地感受到被人剥夺，遭人遗弃的感觉。在艾米丽的父亲死后，她仍然相信她的父亲并没有死——“一连三天她都这样，不论是教会牧师访问她也好，还是医生想要劝说她让他们把尸体处理掉也好。”“当时我们还没有说她发疯。我们相信她这样做是控制不住自己。我们还记得她父亲赶走了所有的青年男子，我们也知道她现在一无所有，只好像人们常常所做的一样，死死拖住抢走了她一切的那个人。”

对艾米丽而言，父亲的死亡预示着支撑她的强大保护伞倒下了，她无法正视父亲的死留给她的空白。迷惘无助的艾米丽又将如何来面对将来的生活。她爱着父亲，因为父亲是她的保护伞，她的感情支柱，而她又也憎恨着父亲，因为父亲是那个抢走她一切的人。这种对父亲又爱又恨的复杂情感影响了她与情人荷默之间的关系。父亲所代表的是南部文明，而作为建筑公司工头的北方佬荷默则代表着锐不可当的先进的北方工业文明，和荷默的相恋无疑意味着对父亲所代表的南部文明的背叛。在她身上上演了一场感情与理智的斗争。最终，在这场斗争中，这位南部文明的忠实捍卫者艾米丽小姐毅然选择牺牲了情感的欲求，毒死了荷默，捍卫了南部文明的尊严。恋父情结导致的对父亲的依恋以及父权体质下父亲对艾米丽的戕害促使艾米丽最终悲剧的酿成。

二、南部文明的根深蒂固

福克纳笔下的美国南部是清教思想占统治地位的地方，它甚至“比清教徒的新英格兰更为清教化。”南北战争前后的美国南方，以骑士精神和淑女风范傲然于世。在它的光辉时代，不失为一种严肃的道德和行为的规范。但历史的合理性消亡之后，种植园主昔日的威严和荣耀如流水落花一般一去不复返，但其残存的旧日理想的余晖诱惑着处于历史交替的南方人，造成他们精神世界与客观世界，人与时代的严重错位，心灵始终处于内在的混乱状态。艾米丽表是这样的人物，她始终脱离不了旧日的影子，南部文明早已在她的心中根深蒂固。而历史的车轮不会停下前进的脚步，在两种不同的社会力量相较量相抗衡时，落后的南部文明逐步被先进的北方工业文明所取代是毋庸置疑的。福克纳出生于没落的地主家里，作为南部文学的领军人物，同时也作为美国南部文明衰落过程的体验者与见证人，福克纳亲眼目睹了面对锐不可当的北方工业文明南侵的大潮下南部文明的衰败。而作为福克纳本人的代言人，他笔下的艾米丽和他一样怀有对南部文明太多的不舍与依恋，执着与挽留。南部文明在艾米丽心中的根深蒂固造就他最后的悲剧。

三、艾米丽的性格因素

艾米丽的悲剧在很大程度上是她性格的悲剧。爱默生曾经说过，人们之所以寂寞，是因为他们不去修桥，反而筑墙将自己围堵起来。艾米丽自己在自己的心上竖起一座高墙，促使悲剧的发生。倔强、暴戾的艾米丽骨子里流着和父亲一样的血液，她想留住曾经有过的东西。不顾一切地去留住一切东西。那种想控制他人狂暴而无情的态度和意志终于战胜了理智。在外界压力和情人的背叛下，促使艾米丽做出了惨烈、决绝的选择。以自己极端的方式永远地留住了情人，以这种表面的成全圆了自己的玫瑰梦。从此她封闭自己，守护着幻想的永恒国度。她活在自己的世界里，以自己的方式对待他人世界。她抵制时代进步、目无政府、无视法律的存在，她拒绝纳税。拒绝邮政服务，拒钉门牌号。在艾米丽的生命中，她不怕讥笑、也不接受怜悯，更拒绝做任何的妥协。她以冷硬、顽固、偏执而又不痛苦的形象维持自己最基本的尊严。守护着那玫瑰色的世界，虽然那最终只剩下“败了色的玫瑰色窗帘，玫瑰色的灯罩”。艾米丽打破了传统的谦恭、隐忍、温柔、忘我的女性模式。她孤傲、桀骜不逊、自负执拗、我行我素。她蔑视社会等级和道德观念，在恋爱和婚姻上表现出强烈的自我和自主。她的种种性格因素很大程度上造成了她最后的悲剧。

四、过分强调价值观一致的小镇居民

艾米丽所在的杰克逊镇是当时美国南方社会的一个缩影。美国内战前，美国南方人心中普遍有一种优越感。自独立以来，美国南方一直处于大种植园主阶级的统治下，封建残余保留较多。传统的南方过分强调价值观念的统一，进而对他人任意“关心”干涉。艾米丽是传统的受害者，而文中的“我们”就是芸芸众生、冷眼的旁观者。文中的“我们”表面上是关心艾米丽，依恋传统的怀旧感情和崇奉贵族，而实际上是为维护南方传统思想，对艾米丽进行无端的干涉：“起初我们都高兴地看到艾米丽小姐多少有了一点寄托，因为妇女们都说：„格里尔生家的人绝对不会真的看中一个北方佬，一个拿日工资的人。”尽管贵族门第此时已经衰落，但还是有人愿意拿淑女风范来评判他人的行为，对他人品头论足，交头接耳，以此来衡量其人是否高贵。而艾米丽对此也做出了回应，“她把头抬得高高——甚至当我们深信她已经堕落了的时候也是如此。”福克纳虽然借“我们”之口叙述故事，却也对“我们”有着嘲讽之意：一方是死守淑女风范的老处女，另一方是刻薄的世俗，艾米丽注定是受害者，“我们”以多胜少，用风言风语的利刀把已是满身枷锁的艾米丽进一步推向了孤独和绝望。文中的“我们”非但不伸出援手，反而因为她的不同而竖起一座高墙将她层层围住，最终把她推向悲剧的深渊。

结语：

有评论说这篇小说描绘的是一个旧时代的落寞，通过艾米丽这个人物形象表现了出来。这样理解也行，就像人们读《红楼梦》，也是怎么理解的都有。还有人说这是部悬疑恐怖小说，也算是，但它可远远超出了恐怖小说的高度。我觉得这还是部爱情小说，透过爱情深深的挖掘了人性。对艾米丽小姐的性格分析也许将是人类心理学永久的课题：如果伯隆不爱艾米丽，按女人的说法他已经占了她的便宜，工程又收工了，他还有必要去而复返吗？艾米丽小姐如果不爱他，会让他死在自己床上吗？正是这种保守和死亡的本能在她身上完美的结合，才成就了她的大获全胜，也成就了这篇永恒的爱情故事。

艾米丽是父权制度的受害者，也是南部清教文明的捍卫者，她的冷酷、顽固、偏执的性格因素将她逼向绝望的悬崖，而小镇上的“我们”最终用我们的冷眼和风言风语将艾米丽推下了悲剧的深渊。献给艾米丽的那一朵玫瑰，或是对她的怜悯，或是对她的敬佩，或是对她的悼念，而如今的我们对这一切却终将不得而知。

专业：2013级环境工程 姓名：熊梦琪

学号：20***018

第三篇：从《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》看福克纳作品中贵族的没落

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对联翻译策略-以《红楼梦》对联翻译为例

《绿野仙踪》和《爱丽丝漫游仙境》的比较

隐忍 反抗 顺从 自立：《出狱》中女主人公的救赎之路 对《永别了，武器》的分析 浅析《纯真年代》中服饰的象征意义 《飘》中女主人公的女性意识分析 中美电影中的跨文化现象分析 英汉政治演讲语篇中人称指称对比分析 任务型教学法在初中英语阅读教学中的运用 汉语中的间接言语行为研究 浅析商务谈判中的语用失误及策略 从伦理学角度分析狄更斯作品中的女性形象 浅析托妮•莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》中的生态女性主义 从电影《饥饿游戏》看美国人的竞争与合作意识 简奥斯汀作品中的女性主义分析 从美国节日文化对中国青年的影响看全球化下中国青年对中国传统节日文化的缺失 十二生肖的翻译及相关动物成语 商标翻译的重要性中西方葬礼文化的对比 酒神与日神的对话－－哈姆雷特性格分析 话语理论在林纾《黑奴吁天录》中的运用 《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的转变分析 从需求层次理论解析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人生观 浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中的美国梦的破灭及原因 《麦田里的守望者》的成长主题分析 西方吸血鬼文化与中国僵尸文化的异同比较 从语用学的角度分析美国情景喜剧《老友记》中的言语幽默 论商务谈判中的语言沟通技巧 “三美”理论视角下杨译《红楼梦》中金陵判词的翻译研究 中英餐桌礼仪的比较 《呼啸山庄》中的哥特式恶棍形象分析 社会的讽刺－－从奥斯卡•王尔德《认真的重要性》中阿尔杰农•芒克瑞福的眼看 诗歌翻译中不可译现象研究 《等待戈多》和《禁闭》的比较研究 《名利场》中语言偏离现象的语用分析 奥斯卡•王尔德《道连•格雷的画像》中人物间的相互影响 政治与商业演讲中概念隐喻语言特色的比较分析 从美国医保改革浅析美国政治博弈 浅析《飘》中斯嘉丽爱情观的形成和发展 马丁伊登的理想与现实的矛盾 论商标翻译中的翻译原则 电影字幕翻译研究 英语广告的语言特色分析及其翻译 文化因素对商标翻译的影响 英文电影片名的翻译原则和策略

朱生豪与梁实秋莎剧译本的对比分析

口译过程中信息缺失分析及应对策略研究

《雾都孤儿》的写作风格

从《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》看福克纳作品中贵族的没落

从全球本土化理论的视角比较《美国偶像》与《超级女声》

中学英语教学中的文化教学

凯瑟琳•安•波特的女性意识

交互阅读模式在中学英语中的应用

雅思考试与大学英语等级考试的比较研究

论《弗兰肯斯坦》的社会意义

英语in介词短语的功能和意义

论《好人难寻》中的暴力与死亡

从美国主流媒体话语看中国企业的国际形象－－以批判性话语分析为视角

第四篇：《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》及《一桶白葡萄酒》文学评论

Review of a Rose for Emily

A Rose for Emily is a very popular short story because of its style, climax, and plot.The author, William Faulkner, was a Southern writer from Oxford, Mississippi.Faulkner bases this story on the tale of Oxford's aristocracy Miss Mary Neilson.She married Captain Jack Hume, the charming Yankee foreman of a street-paving crew, over her family's shocked protests.The style of this story is false romance.Miss Emily's father, before his death, would run off every man that tried to court her.Because of this, she felt any man she loved would leave her.After falling in love with Homer Baron, she feared he would run off like the others.To keep this from happening, she poisoned him and kept his body upstairs in the bedroom.The climax focuses on the room where the corpse was found.After Miss Emily's death, the town people were cleaning up the house and found a room that was locked.They had to break down the door.To their surprise, they found Homer Baron's corpse lying in the bed dressed in a night shirt.As the story progresses there is no indication that he had died.When they found the toilet things sitting on the dresser with initials H.B., it was well known that the corpse was Homer Baron.I first thought it was her father in the bed, but I realized that her father was

already buried.I then knew it had to be her lover.I cringed on the thought of what she did while she was lying next to the corpse.Finally, the end of this story surrounds a woman's life from her mid twenties until her death at the age of seventy-four.It describes a prominent lady of a town who led a private life.I learned, while reading this story that this woman is crazy and had the mind of a child.She seemed to lose everything she loved.But I still have a question.The question is “Where is the rose in the A Rose for Emily?” Emily was never given a rose, even when she died there was no mention of a rose.In the story the only time a scented thing was mentioned was lime to cover a smell.Emily like the insinuated rose is never present in the story.Even when Emily has a line of dialog it is spoken thought the filter of the narrator’s perspective.The narrator or the town is concerned with what role Emily is playing, although since Emily is not present in the story, but through hearsay, the reader has to decipher between the roll assigned to her by the narrator and actuality of the role Emily fulfills.Everyone went to Emily’s funeral.No one went to the funeral out of respect for the dead.Emily became a person known only though hearsay between town folk.No one knew Emily.“Women went out of curiosity to see the inside of her house.” The women went to the funeral to fill a gap.In a time where entertainment wasn’t prevalent, Emily became the late night drama and sole topic of conversation for the town.The town did not morn, the person, Emily they mourned the personified topic of conversation.The town paid respect to the topic that took up time in their conversations.The town saw Emily as inseparable from what she was.The town saw Emily as, “…a small, fat woman in black…” as opposed to a woman with a small skeleton.The town could not separate the Emily they knew from the Emily that was present.The juxtaposition was fused into the town’s notion of Emily.The druggist must have seen a hint of Emily’s shift in personality.The druggist either did not care about Emily or wanted her dead.The druggist gave her the poison thinking the probability that she was going to kill herself was likely.The druggist didn’t even consider another possibility before spreading the rumor to the town.The druggist would not have given up the poison to Emily before her father died, but now Emily was the same one the town sighed, “…Poor Emily…” for.Emily was a lady when her father was alive.Emily is only a lady, because of who her father was.She is a lady out of only legacy.The narrator knows what Emily did, yet the narrator sympathies with Emily up till the end trick the reader into sympathizing along with the story.In the end the reader and the narrator know Emily is a lady no longer, not

only because she is now dead but because she killed and kept a corpse for cuddling.Ladies don’t cuddle with corpses, but up until the discovery of the corpse Emily remained a lady in the eyes of the town.“They waited until Miss Emily was decently in the ground before…” the town opened the door to the room Emily was keeping her corpse.The town waited because they knew they were going to find something off kilter in that room.Something which could and eventually force change on their opinion of Emily, the town did not wanted to keep what they knew about Emily while she was alive separate from what they knew about her when she was dead.Upon the discovery of the body the fused juxtaposition the town carried with them was removed from their notion of Emily.Neither, the reader or the narrator can relate the Emily at the end of the story to the Emily that existed to hinted ideas of who Emily was before events of the story.There is no reconciliation between the two Emily’s.They share different traits.The first, being the lady, the father’s daughter.The second Emily being an off kilter person struggling with craziness the only way she knows how.But because the story is not written from Emily’s perspective the reader cannot see the shift into craziness directly until the end and is left wondering with the narrator what caused Emily to defy my notion of what a lady is supposed to be?

In the end the “Rose” for Emily is just as absent from the story as Emily herself.Emily is portrayed in flickers between the town folk’s skewed options about her, about her house, about her life style and about her choice in bed room arrangements.The lady Emily reveals two things about herself though out the story, she doesn’t like to pay taxes, and she is willing to kill and keep a corpse around.Creating an option based upon what Emily reveals about herself, it’s safe to say Emily was never a lady, and never thought of herself as a lady.Reference Brooks, Cleanth and Roert Penn Warren.Understanding Fiction, 2nd ed.New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc, 1959:351 Roberts, Diane.Faulkner and Southern womanhood, Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1994:158 Olga W.Vicky.The Novels of William Faulkner: A Critical Appraisal [M].Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964

Review of the Cask of Amontillado

The Cask of Amontillado is a daring story by the ever-famous Edgar Allen Poe that shows the pain of hate and desire for revenge.Remember always though to not forget the Golden Rule and that prideful reaping will only bring about to you a large and painful fall.Many people have wanted to gain revenge but for a man to say that he is to conduct his action of revenge with full intention of making justice in one’s own mind is an accusation of pure madness.But what could one possibly do to receive such hate from another? The question is a mystery but you can’t tell me you aren’t interested about Poe’s story so please sit back and let me tell you about why it is so good.Poe makes his point clear in the Cask of Amontillado by his amazing use of literary elements such as plot, setting, and foreshadowing.Poe uses one the very planning parts of a story to tell his tail in an amazing way through the literary element of plot.Stories can have very strong, light, and any combination of types of plots.The Cask of Amontillado has a strong plot.The Story lines up in the plot perfectly.There is an explanation of why the character is wanting to get revenge fills strongly to act upon the other character.Montresor the narrator is seeking revenge after Fortunato who is the other large character in the story.His introduction starts saying，“The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge.” The intention of your main character is clearly stated although reason is not;you have no doubt from the vocabulary that he is greatly offended.Then actions that follow bring about ability to carry out, but can he struggle past himself in morality, and can he struggle against his adversary to achieve his objectives? Poe uses the knowledge he possesses to carry his idea to the max and then fall into the next part of the story giving succession and strong plot to follow.He doesn’t introduce you with a setting but in the actions and the climax he uses foreshadowing and setting to assist the conducting of his plot properly.With the use of his plot he also teaches you the theme of the story, that you ultimately reap what you sow.For a story to really teach a life lesson in the theme of the story the author has to stay focused on his message and the idea while he is carrying out the actual actions of the story.It takes the entire story working together for it to be a success, and to me a successful story cannot be written unless you have to pay attention to every aspect to fully understand it.The characters are realistic and there is a proven sense of seriousness throughout the story and Poe’s extensive understanding of plot and use of it proves all of this.If you are to see the revenge in a story you have to have a serious

mood, that of hate, at the beginning and on into the conflict.Then you see the madness created and the climax will show if the revenge is truly a success or a failure that all results of over flooded hatred.“Nemo me impune lacessit”, or in English no one attacks me with impunity could be a statement of assurance or a statement of ignorant pride.When you read The Cask of Amontillado remember to first look at the plot that is used Edgar Allen Poe.You can’t very well carry out a nursery rhythm in a dark mansion or a horror story in the sunny beautiful place that one would enjoy frolicking because setting is another vital part of an author’s success in his/her story.Poe is an author that fully understood this element and used it also wisely.If you think of revenge you think of dark sinister thoughts.A story of revenge has a setting of scary eeriness and one that would cause fear because revenge is not a warm cuddly area and in composing a short story Poe knew that where the story took place was a vital piece of the puzzle and you can see that from these quotes I would like to pull out of the story: ·

“..., bowed him through several suites of rooms to the archway that led into the vaults.I passed down a long and winding staircase, requesting him to be cautious as he followed.We came at length to the foot of the descent, and stood together upon the damp ground of the catacombs of the Montresors.”

·

“Its walls had been lined with human remains, piled to the vault overhead, in the fashion of the great catacombs of Paris...From the fourth side the bones had been thrown down, and lay promiscuously upon the earth, forming at one point a mound of some size...It seemed to have been constructed for no especial use within itself, but formed merely the interval between two of the colossal supports of the roof of the catacombs, and was back by one of their circumscribing walls of solid granite.”

Setting pulls you in the story, and make inferences, and gives you a sign of foreshadowing on the events to follow.Symbolism is a big element that lies right within the barriers of setting and gives symbolism of things to come.The settings presented in these two quotes of the story show you signs of death and evil by describing objects surrounding, colors, and even the setup of the setting itself.You can’t tell your story and have it make any sense if you don’t have the proper setting.Poe also uses foreshadowing along with his uses of plot and setting to bring across his message and to make this story one that you will read and enjoy.A well-written horror story has to have suspense or it just doesn’t give you that jumpy or that scared feeling.Poe brings to you in this story foreshadowing and that creepy suspenseful feeling.This is hard for a writer to do but Poe does it anyway with such a way that just makes his story much better.Look again at the setting quotes that I brought out of

the story and you can see the coming of death and misery but you aren’t able to see the result of the conflict because while he gives you sign of the defiant success of the main character Poe doesn’t let you know quite yet because he throws in shadows of doubt and questioning.In Poe’s use of foreshadowing he also used the plot to aid the device by letting some of the major rising action be direct foreshadowing events to use the two device as one and enlighten ideas of mystery.You read the story trying to break it apart because you want to know if Montressor will succeed in quest of receiving revenge, but you just can’t see for it to happen or to not happen.You can see how just in these three elements I mentioned that Poe molded together and let each literary device hold up the other.But why would an author feel so strongly to write a story of revenge and it was just an act of justice? Edgar Allen Poe lived a very short and tragic life that was compiled by attributes of dislike, loneliness, and death of the few people that he allowed himself to get close to and love.Poe had to experience a lot of self-conflict that defiantly pushed him to his all and all.He had a list problems compelled that consisted of gambling, drugs, alcohol, and constant depression because he could not take revenge on the thing that caused him the most pain and that was fait itself.Everyone he loved was taken by the incurable(at the time)disease of tuberculosis.I believe that this story was Poe’s way of saying he didn’t know how to

deal with the inability to take revenge on his opposing force, which was fait.He seemed to hurt himself to an unreal level by taking into his life things like gambling(which he probably might have at a time was what he compared to life), drinking(to probably forget his pain), and maybe drugs(because he would probably seek a realm that had to be better than the reality that he lived in).He begins this story, “The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge.” I don’t know the approximate time that Edgar Allen Poe wrote this story but it was probably a time that he may had thought of suicide or even before he was found dead with alcohol in his system on a street corner.It seems that Poe could obviously not take revenge on fate and had no one to blame so he took out the bubbling hurt and made himself his own source of source of pain which would be his life itself and his own identity his outlet because he felt shut out from others because everyone he had loved left him in death.Some authors seek an inspiration for their writings but I believe that Poe just expressed his life and experiences and that is why he is notorious for his horror stories, scary isn’t it.I have given and supported my opinion to you as best to my ability and I know that when you read this story you will enjoy.Remember when you read to get the message that something is trying to teach you and after you enjoy a piece break it down in your mind.Poe used his ability to

express himself in this story through the use of the literary element devices of setting, plot, and foreshadowing made it the story for me.I give The Cask of Amontillado my ballot and would venture to say that it is an example of how a short story should be written.Reference Benton, Richard P.“Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado': Its Cultural and Historical Backgrounds.” Poe Studies 29.1(June 1996): 19-27.Bonaparte, Marie.The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe: A Psycho-Analytic Interpretation.London: Hogarth, 1971.Davidson, Edward Hutchins.Poe, A Critical Study.Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.

第五篇：纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花教案

纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花 教学目标： [知识与能力]

1、学生阅读小说，注意小说人物活动的社会背景 了解故事发生的社会环境。

学生通过学习，结合自己的阅读体验，在了解文章大意的基础上，把握基本的故事情节，从而体会作者行文叙事的写作特色。

学生注意把握小说通过环境描写塑造人物形象，营造气氛推动情节发展的基本手法。[过程与方法] 阅读感悟、小组探讨 [情感态度与价值观] 通过对艾米丽形象的理解，引导学生树立正确的人生观、价值观。[教学重点与难点] 了解环境对人物思想性格的形成和发展所起的作用，了解环境与主题的关系。

预习任务：

请同学们结合相关的历史知识了解1870年至1930年间美国南方社会的历史图景或向历史老师请教。

课时安排：2课时 教学过程： 第一课时 导入：

祥林嫂之所以不幸地死去，是因为鲁镇，如果她生活在沈从文笔下的湘西，也许会有另外一种命运；而鲁四老爷也必须待在鲁镇，如果让他移民美国，他也许会过得很不愉快。环境会怎样影响一个人呢，现在我们一起来看看《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》，也许你会有更深刻的体会。

资料卡（多媒体展示）

1、作者

威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳是美国“南方文学”代表作家，1949年获得诺贝尔文学奖。作品有长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》、《圣殿》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》被誉为其最负盛名的短篇小说。

2、背景（知人论世）

生存环境:生于美国密西西比州,出生于一个有名的庄园主家庭其曾祖父是南北战争中一位颇有影响的南军将领,富有传奇性的经历,在当地广为流传对他影响很大.随后，在家庭败落的过程中，他产生了无限伤怀。正是他对家乡、对像他那样的由盛而衰的家庭的熟悉与了解，使他看上南方，因为这里有他用不完的素材，有他消失了的梦，也孕育着他对未来的期待。社会环境:南北战争，这场决定双方命运的战争，南方吃尽了败仗，南方的小农的自耕农理想和种植园主的土地贵族的理想都瓦解了。特别是种植园经济的崩溃，蓄奴制显贵的迅速败落，北方资本侵入南方，南方新的资产阶级的出现，这一切迫使以福克纳为代表的南方作家都无法摆脱一种历史的重负。随着“旧南方”的崩溃，“新南方”的到来，他们情不自禁地以昔日南方蓄奴显贵的情怀，来追思既往、冷对现实，以一种难言的忧伤和深沉的眷恋，唱一曲深切怀念往日的“庄园之歌”。初次通读课文，把握基本的故事情节和主要的人物关系.思考讨论以下问题：

学生个人通读全文，理解文意

小组合作，概括故事大意，选代表发言。

3、简要分析艾米丽的人物形象。

4、把握基本的故事情节，思考作者如此安排行文叙事有何特点。明确：

1、《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》讲述了一位没落的南方贵族小姐亲手杀死自己的爱人，然后陪伴其尸身并在古屋中隐居四十之久的具有哥特式神秘、恐怖意味的故事。南方淑女爱米丽小姐是旧贵族的象征，对于她的纪念是作为南方作家的福克纳对于逝去的旧南方的无限缅怀之情。但另一方面，爱米丽的最终死亡也喻示了一座纪念碑的倒下，表明了作者对于最终湮没的南方社会既眷念热爱又批判其沉沦罪恶的矛盾心态。

2、爱米丽是作者笔下的典型人物 ,既是旧南方的象征 ,也是旧南方传统观念的牺牲品。怪异的举止 ,孤傲的性格 ,近乎隐居的生活 ,历来为传统的评论家们批评的对象。他们普遍认为 ,爱米丽拒绝接受代表现代化的邮箱 ,拒绝交税 ,即是拒绝接受社会的进步 ,接受时间的流逝 ,是她主动将自己和小镇上的人们隔离 ,和社会分隔开来 ,也正是造成她悲剧的主要原因。但是 ,如果我们仔细地阅读这篇小说 ,我们会发现其实不然。福克纳对他笔下这位没落贵族家庭的小姐充满了同情 ,爱米丽小姐的悲剧并不全是她自己的过错。

3、在小说当中，其最大的情节设置特色就是： A、时序颠倒的

以爱米丽之死为叙述的起点，站在杰斐逊镇居民的视角上进行叙事，作者以倒叙的手法描述了爱米丽生前的几个主要事件。在颠倒的时间顺序中，首先叙述的是爱米丽拒绝纳事税件，然后是富有神秘气息的尸臭事件，接着作者却把时间往过去推进，则出现了父亲之死，再接下来的与北方工头荷默恋爱及他与爱米丽发生冲突后爱米丽去购买砒霜，紧接下来荷默的消失与爱米丽小姐长达四十年的隐居生活之谜在小说的最后一部分终于被揭开。而按照正常的时序则首先应是父亲之死，然后是恋爱冲突与买砒霜，再是荷默的消失，尸臭事件与纳税事件都于此后发生，最后才是爱米丽的死亡。

作者故意打乱的时序仿佛向我们呈现了一个个组接的电影镜头，而这些电影镜头却不是一片混乱，其内在的逻辑关系将他们联系起来，造成了情节上的跳跃与结构上的奇突之感，更为重要的是其具有深化主题思想的艺术功效。这种打破时空界限的手法，把过去和现在直接放在一起，在他们之间形成鲜明的对照，从而使读者深深地感到时代的变迁和传统价值观念的沦丧。

B、循环叙事

小说文本的叙事打破了线性时间发展的直线型模式，而是呈现出一个封闭的循环模式。整篇小说以爱米丽的死亡为支撑视点，将叙事呈现出一个不断回退的过程。不同于传统小说在倒叙手法的运用时将谜底置于篇首以制造悬念气氛，我们在一开始并不知晓爱米丽于古屋之中竟藏有如此惊人之谜，作者正是在不断回退的叙事中将正常的时序打乱从而增添了小说情节上的崎岖之感。如尸臭事件于爱米丽购买砒霜及荷默的消失之间的错位创设了读者对于情节的期待心理。而小说的最后一部分则叙述了爱米丽的死亡与古屋之谜，最终从过去回退到了“现在”的爱米丽之死。这样的写法体现了作为现代主义作家的福克纳对于事件的观点。作业：以最简洁的语言概述文章内容，完成在随笔本上。教学后记

第二课时 回顾复习

选1---2名同学，将上节课布置的作业在课上和大家交流。

结合以前所学的有关小说的知识，回顾小说三要素的相关内容。

二、导入新课

上节课我们了解了小说的主要人物和基本的故事情节，但是小说人物的活动需要有一定的空间，也正是在这个空间里，故事情节才能按照自有的节奏推进发展。今天我们就来继续探讨环境这个问题。

三、品读与探讨（小组合作、讨论交流）

1、小说中的环境包含着广泛的内容，他既是人物活动的地域空间，也是时代的缩影。请同学们通读整篇小说，说说这篇小说中的环境具体是指哪些“空间”、“缩影”。明确：艾米丽小姐生活的大木屋、小镇（正在变化的美国南方的“缩影”）、以艾米丽的父亲为中心的家庭环境。

2、请从小说中找到对以上环境进行具体描写的文字，发现这些环境在作者笔下显现出的特征以及作者描写环境的一般手法。A、大木屋

第一节：妇女们······这幢房子-------神秘 第二节：房子虽已破败······庄严不可侵犯的形象-------------拟人、象征、房子更是人的命运和某种腐朽了的时代氛围的象征。第五节：（细节描写）借参议员代表团拜访艾米丽的机会展现了大木屋内部的情况----------没落、寂寥、顽固、保守、沉重、压抑

第五十一：不订门牌号，不设邮箱------于世隔绝 第57—61节：（细节描写）大木屋的最后一个秘密房间------阴惨、专横、冷酷、坚守一种陈腐的生活方式和价值观念 B、艾米丽生活的南方小镇 思考：

1、文中提到的小镇为什说是美国南方的呢？试着找些依据 第2节----南北战争无名军人墓第3节-----对黑人妇女下的令 第31、32节-----北方佬

2、小说对小镇客观环境的描写极少，但我们能感受到浓郁的 风情，这种风情是通过什么传达出来的呢？

是通过描写小镇上的人传达出来的。而在小说中对人物的描写始终 围绕着中心人物---艾米丽，所以小镇上的人对待艾米丽小姐的态度和方式以及小镇的舆论构成了一个艾米丽生活其中的大环境。

3、小镇人对待艾米丽小姐的态度有没有随着时间和事件的推移而变化？这种变或者不变又意味着什么呢? 主要体现在三件事：纳税事件、气味事件、艾米丽的婚事 主要事件

相关人物

对待艾米丽的态度 纳税事件

沙多里斯上校

敬畏、包容、袒护

第二代领导者

尊重传统和遵从法律间，选择了后者

气味事件

法官斯蒂芬斯

尊敬大于法律

艾米丽婚事

小镇的人们

一方面，于艾米丽不顾及南方贵族的身份与传统的行为，大家不甘心这座传统纪念碑的倒塌。另一方面，艾米丽终于放下贵族的架子，开始恋爱，更符合人性的行为，也是人们所期待的。

C、艾米丽是在什么样的家庭环境中成长为这样一个“纪念碑”的。思考：

1、第26----29节，以小镇人的口吻叙述了艾米丽和她父亲之间发生的一些事情，从这些叙述中，你能猜测出其父亲的性格特征吗？他父亲的性格和对待她的方式对艾米丽一生有什么影响？文中两次提到艾米丽父亲的炭笔画像，有什么特殊的意义吗？ 明确：小镇人把格尔里森一家看做一幅画中的人物：“身段苗条„„嵌住了他们俩的身影”也许人们认为：她父亲的性格仿佛太恶毒、太狂暴，使她一生都平添波折。父亲的专横庇护使年轻的艾米丽失去了正常的情感生活，逐渐成长为孤傲专制的南方贵族传统的标准继承者。

2、第5节、第56节：两次父亲的画像，让我们感觉到，父亲死之后，艾米丽依然在父亲的目光下活着，以父亲传承给她的生活和思维方式活着，直至生命的尽头。小结：（探讨）

结合阅读此篇小说的体会，分组探讨并概括：小说中的环境一般有哪几种？在描写环境、营造氛围的手法主要有哪些？

环境：人物活动的地点（如：居所、居所所在地）、人物周围的人的行为方式、思考方式以及舆论所构成的社会环境、特定的历史阶段的时代氛围等。手法：对客观环境直接进行细致的描写，通过描写中心人物周围的人对待中心人物的态度和方式构成人物生存的社会环境，用一个人物、一个地点甚至一个事件浓缩整个时代的特征。