emily dickinson 艾米丽 迪金森 简介[5篇模版]

第一篇：emily dickinson 艾米丽 迪金森 简介

Emily Dickinson

My favorite writer is Emily Dickinson.Like Whitman, she broke the limitations of her time.Though she left us more than 1770 poems, only several of these poems are published before she died.From her twentieth, she began to get rid of the contact with society.So we do not know much information about her, which made us feel hard to know the exact meaning of her poetry.Her style was influenced greatly by Emerson.Though she almost did not go to the outdoor, she lived a colorful spirit life.She was very important in American literature.The themes of Emily Dickinson’s poems are love, nature, doubt and faith, suffering, death and immortality.For example, she writes To Make a Prairie… and I Died for Beauty, but was Scarce.The style of her poems is terse and frequently imagistic style.That style is very modern and innovative.Dickinson explores the inside world.Her poetry is marked for her concise, direct and simple diction and syntax.Although she had normal and vivacious girlhood, her poetry illustrates the doctrine predestination and pessimism, so that her basic tone was tragic.She sees nature as both gaily

benevolent and cruel.On the ethical level she emphasizes free-will and human responsibility.Like Emerson, she holds that beauty, truth and goodness are ultimately one.She says “For Beauty,” I replied—“and I--for Truth--Themselves are One— we Brethren, are,” he said--

The artistic features of her poems lie in her innovation in rhyme and her structural patterns.She used “consonance” which means similarity of final consonants.For example, in Success Is Counted Sweetest, in the second stanza, “today” and “victory” are consonance.Another rhyme she used is assonance: the final vowels correspond, but the consonants are different.Her major pattern is that of a sermon: statement or introduction of topic, elaboration and conclusion.There are three variations of this major pattern.Firstly, the poet makes her initial announcement of topic in an unfigured line.Secondly, she uses a figure for that purpose.Thirdly, she repeated her statement and its elaboration a number of times before drawing a conclusion.The characters of Emily Dickinson’s poems are as follows: first, frequent use of dashes, such as the poem I Died for Beauty, but was Scarce;second, sporadic capitalization of nouns;third, convoluted and ungrammatical phrasing;forth, off-rhymes;innovation in rhyme;fifth,compressed, broken meters;sixth, bold and unconventional and often startling metaphors, for example, “ And so, as Kinsmen met a Night— We talked between the Rooms--Until the Moss had reached our lips— And covered up—our names--”;seventh, aphoristic wit;eighth, begin with “I”, such as “I’m nobody!Who are you”;ninth, ambiguity of meaning and syntax, this is because we do not have enough documents about Emily Dickinson;last, elliptical—she will say no more than she must, because she was influenced by the doctrine of her religion.

第二篇：纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花教案

纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花 教学目标： [知识与能力]

1、学生阅读小说，注意小说人物活动的社会背景 了解故事发生的社会环境。

学生通过学习，结合自己的阅读体验，在了解文章大意的基础上，把握基本的故事情节，从而体会作者行文叙事的写作特色。

学生注意把握小说通过环境描写塑造人物形象，营造气氛推动情节发展的基本手法。[过程与方法] 阅读感悟、小组探讨 [情感态度与价值观] 通过对艾米丽形象的理解，引导学生树立正确的人生观、价值观。[教学重点与难点] 了解环境对人物思想性格的形成和发展所起的作用，了解环境与主题的关系。

预习任务：

请同学们结合相关的历史知识了解1870年至1930年间美国南方社会的历史图景或向历史老师请教。

课时安排：2课时 教学过程： 第一课时 导入：

祥林嫂之所以不幸地死去，是因为鲁镇，如果她生活在沈从文笔下的湘西，也许会有另外一种命运；而鲁四老爷也必须待在鲁镇，如果让他移民美国，他也许会过得很不愉快。环境会怎样影响一个人呢，现在我们一起来看看《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》，也许你会有更深刻的体会。

资料卡（多媒体展示）

1、作者

威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳是美国“南方文学”代表作家，1949年获得诺贝尔文学奖。作品有长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》、《圣殿》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》被誉为其最负盛名的短篇小说。

2、背景（知人论世）

生存环境:生于美国密西西比州,出生于一个有名的庄园主家庭其曾祖父是南北战争中一位颇有影响的南军将领,富有传奇性的经历,在当地广为流传对他影响很大.随后，在家庭败落的过程中，他产生了无限伤怀。正是他对家乡、对像他那样的由盛而衰的家庭的熟悉与了解，使他看上南方，因为这里有他用不完的素材，有他消失了的梦，也孕育着他对未来的期待。社会环境:南北战争，这场决定双方命运的战争，南方吃尽了败仗，南方的小农的自耕农理想和种植园主的土地贵族的理想都瓦解了。特别是种植园经济的崩溃，蓄奴制显贵的迅速败落，北方资本侵入南方，南方新的资产阶级的出现，这一切迫使以福克纳为代表的南方作家都无法摆脱一种历史的重负。随着“旧南方”的崩溃，“新南方”的到来，他们情不自禁地以昔日南方蓄奴显贵的情怀，来追思既往、冷对现实，以一种难言的忧伤和深沉的眷恋，唱一曲深切怀念往日的“庄园之歌”。初次通读课文，把握基本的故事情节和主要的人物关系.思考讨论以下问题：

学生个人通读全文，理解文意

小组合作，概括故事大意，选代表发言。

3、简要分析艾米丽的人物形象。

4、把握基本的故事情节，思考作者如此安排行文叙事有何特点。明确：

1、《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》讲述了一位没落的南方贵族小姐亲手杀死自己的爱人，然后陪伴其尸身并在古屋中隐居四十之久的具有哥特式神秘、恐怖意味的故事。南方淑女爱米丽小姐是旧贵族的象征，对于她的纪念是作为南方作家的福克纳对于逝去的旧南方的无限缅怀之情。但另一方面，爱米丽的最终死亡也喻示了一座纪念碑的倒下，表明了作者对于最终湮没的南方社会既眷念热爱又批判其沉沦罪恶的矛盾心态。

2、爱米丽是作者笔下的典型人物 ,既是旧南方的象征 ,也是旧南方传统观念的牺牲品。怪异的举止 ,孤傲的性格 ,近乎隐居的生活 ,历来为传统的评论家们批评的对象。他们普遍认为 ,爱米丽拒绝接受代表现代化的邮箱 ,拒绝交税 ,即是拒绝接受社会的进步 ,接受时间的流逝 ,是她主动将自己和小镇上的人们隔离 ,和社会分隔开来 ,也正是造成她悲剧的主要原因。但是 ,如果我们仔细地阅读这篇小说 ,我们会发现其实不然。福克纳对他笔下这位没落贵族家庭的小姐充满了同情 ,爱米丽小姐的悲剧并不全是她自己的过错。

3、在小说当中，其最大的情节设置特色就是： A、时序颠倒的

以爱米丽之死为叙述的起点，站在杰斐逊镇居民的视角上进行叙事，作者以倒叙的手法描述了爱米丽生前的几个主要事件。在颠倒的时间顺序中，首先叙述的是爱米丽拒绝纳事税件，然后是富有神秘气息的尸臭事件，接着作者却把时间往过去推进，则出现了父亲之死，再接下来的与北方工头荷默恋爱及他与爱米丽发生冲突后爱米丽去购买砒霜，紧接下来荷默的消失与爱米丽小姐长达四十年的隐居生活之谜在小说的最后一部分终于被揭开。而按照正常的时序则首先应是父亲之死，然后是恋爱冲突与买砒霜，再是荷默的消失，尸臭事件与纳税事件都于此后发生，最后才是爱米丽的死亡。

作者故意打乱的时序仿佛向我们呈现了一个个组接的电影镜头，而这些电影镜头却不是一片混乱，其内在的逻辑关系将他们联系起来，造成了情节上的跳跃与结构上的奇突之感，更为重要的是其具有深化主题思想的艺术功效。这种打破时空界限的手法，把过去和现在直接放在一起，在他们之间形成鲜明的对照，从而使读者深深地感到时代的变迁和传统价值观念的沦丧。

B、循环叙事

小说文本的叙事打破了线性时间发展的直线型模式，而是呈现出一个封闭的循环模式。整篇小说以爱米丽的死亡为支撑视点，将叙事呈现出一个不断回退的过程。不同于传统小说在倒叙手法的运用时将谜底置于篇首以制造悬念气氛，我们在一开始并不知晓爱米丽于古屋之中竟藏有如此惊人之谜，作者正是在不断回退的叙事中将正常的时序打乱从而增添了小说情节上的崎岖之感。如尸臭事件于爱米丽购买砒霜及荷默的消失之间的错位创设了读者对于情节的期待心理。而小说的最后一部分则叙述了爱米丽的死亡与古屋之谜，最终从过去回退到了“现在”的爱米丽之死。这样的写法体现了作为现代主义作家的福克纳对于事件的观点。作业：以最简洁的语言概述文章内容，完成在随笔本上。教学后记

第二课时 回顾复习

选1---2名同学，将上节课布置的作业在课上和大家交流。

结合以前所学的有关小说的知识，回顾小说三要素的相关内容。

二、导入新课

上节课我们了解了小说的主要人物和基本的故事情节，但是小说人物的活动需要有一定的空间，也正是在这个空间里，故事情节才能按照自有的节奏推进发展。今天我们就来继续探讨环境这个问题。

三、品读与探讨（小组合作、讨论交流）

1、小说中的环境包含着广泛的内容，他既是人物活动的地域空间，也是时代的缩影。请同学们通读整篇小说，说说这篇小说中的环境具体是指哪些“空间”、“缩影”。明确：艾米丽小姐生活的大木屋、小镇（正在变化的美国南方的“缩影”）、以艾米丽的父亲为中心的家庭环境。

2、请从小说中找到对以上环境进行具体描写的文字，发现这些环境在作者笔下显现出的特征以及作者描写环境的一般手法。A、大木屋

第一节：妇女们······这幢房子-------神秘 第二节：房子虽已破败······庄严不可侵犯的形象-------------拟人、象征、房子更是人的命运和某种腐朽了的时代氛围的象征。第五节：（细节描写）借参议员代表团拜访艾米丽的机会展现了大木屋内部的情况----------没落、寂寥、顽固、保守、沉重、压抑

第五十一：不订门牌号，不设邮箱------于世隔绝 第57—61节：（细节描写）大木屋的最后一个秘密房间------阴惨、专横、冷酷、坚守一种陈腐的生活方式和价值观念 B、艾米丽生活的南方小镇 思考：

1、文中提到的小镇为什说是美国南方的呢？试着找些依据 第2节----南北战争无名军人墓第3节-----对黑人妇女下的令 第31、32节-----北方佬

2、小说对小镇客观环境的描写极少，但我们能感受到浓郁的 风情，这种风情是通过什么传达出来的呢？

是通过描写小镇上的人传达出来的。而在小说中对人物的描写始终 围绕着中心人物---艾米丽，所以小镇上的人对待艾米丽小姐的态度和方式以及小镇的舆论构成了一个艾米丽生活其中的大环境。

3、小镇人对待艾米丽小姐的态度有没有随着时间和事件的推移而变化？这种变或者不变又意味着什么呢? 主要体现在三件事：纳税事件、气味事件、艾米丽的婚事 主要事件

相关人物

对待艾米丽的态度 纳税事件

沙多里斯上校

敬畏、包容、袒护

第二代领导者

尊重传统和遵从法律间，选择了后者

气味事件

法官斯蒂芬斯

尊敬大于法律

艾米丽婚事

小镇的人们

一方面，于艾米丽不顾及南方贵族的身份与传统的行为，大家不甘心这座传统纪念碑的倒塌。另一方面，艾米丽终于放下贵族的架子，开始恋爱，更符合人性的行为，也是人们所期待的。

C、艾米丽是在什么样的家庭环境中成长为这样一个“纪念碑”的。思考：

1、第26----29节，以小镇人的口吻叙述了艾米丽和她父亲之间发生的一些事情，从这些叙述中，你能猜测出其父亲的性格特征吗？他父亲的性格和对待她的方式对艾米丽一生有什么影响？文中两次提到艾米丽父亲的炭笔画像，有什么特殊的意义吗？ 明确：小镇人把格尔里森一家看做一幅画中的人物：“身段苗条„„嵌住了他们俩的身影”也许人们认为：她父亲的性格仿佛太恶毒、太狂暴，使她一生都平添波折。父亲的专横庇护使年轻的艾米丽失去了正常的情感生活，逐渐成长为孤傲专制的南方贵族传统的标准继承者。

2、第5节、第56节：两次父亲的画像，让我们感觉到，父亲死之后，艾米丽依然在父亲的目光下活着，以父亲传承给她的生活和思维方式活着，直至生命的尽头。小结：（探讨）

结合阅读此篇小说的体会，分组探讨并概括：小说中的环境一般有哪几种？在描写环境、营造氛围的手法主要有哪些？

环境：人物活动的地点（如：居所、居所所在地）、人物周围的人的行为方式、思考方式以及舆论所构成的社会环境、特定的历史阶段的时代氛围等。手法：对客观环境直接进行细致的描写，通过描写中心人物周围的人对待中心人物的态度和方式构成人物生存的社会环境，用一个人物、一个地点甚至一个事件浓缩整个时代的特征。

第三篇：《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》及《一桶白葡萄酒》文学评论

Review of a Rose for Emily

A Rose for Emily is a very popular short story because of its style, climax, and plot.The author, William Faulkner, was a Southern writer from Oxford, Mississippi.Faulkner bases this story on the tale of Oxford's aristocracy Miss Mary Neilson.She married Captain Jack Hume, the charming Yankee foreman of a street-paving crew, over her family's shocked protests.The style of this story is false romance.Miss Emily's father, before his death, would run off every man that tried to court her.Because of this, she felt any man she loved would leave her.After falling in love with Homer Baron, she feared he would run off like the others.To keep this from happening, she poisoned him and kept his body upstairs in the bedroom.The climax focuses on the room where the corpse was found.After Miss Emily's death, the town people were cleaning up the house and found a room that was locked.They had to break down the door.To their surprise, they found Homer Baron's corpse lying in the bed dressed in a night shirt.As the story progresses there is no indication that he had died.When they found the toilet things sitting on the dresser with initials H.B., it was well known that the corpse was Homer Baron.I first thought it was her father in the bed, but I realized that her father was

already buried.I then knew it had to be her lover.I cringed on the thought of what she did while she was lying next to the corpse.Finally, the end of this story surrounds a woman's life from her mid twenties until her death at the age of seventy-four.It describes a prominent lady of a town who led a private life.I learned, while reading this story that this woman is crazy and had the mind of a child.She seemed to lose everything she loved.But I still have a question.The question is “Where is the rose in the A Rose for Emily?” Emily was never given a rose, even when she died there was no mention of a rose.In the story the only time a scented thing was mentioned was lime to cover a smell.Emily like the insinuated rose is never present in the story.Even when Emily has a line of dialog it is spoken thought the filter of the narrator’s perspective.The narrator or the town is concerned with what role Emily is playing, although since Emily is not present in the story, but through hearsay, the reader has to decipher between the roll assigned to her by the narrator and actuality of the role Emily fulfills.Everyone went to Emily’s funeral.No one went to the funeral out of respect for the dead.Emily became a person known only though hearsay between town folk.No one knew Emily.“Women went out of curiosity to see the inside of her house.” The women went to the funeral to fill a gap.In a time where entertainment wasn’t prevalent, Emily became the late night drama and sole topic of conversation for the town.The town did not morn, the person, Emily they mourned the personified topic of conversation.The town paid respect to the topic that took up time in their conversations.The town saw Emily as inseparable from what she was.The town saw Emily as, “…a small, fat woman in black…” as opposed to a woman with a small skeleton.The town could not separate the Emily they knew from the Emily that was present.The juxtaposition was fused into the town’s notion of Emily.The druggist must have seen a hint of Emily’s shift in personality.The druggist either did not care about Emily or wanted her dead.The druggist gave her the poison thinking the probability that she was going to kill herself was likely.The druggist didn’t even consider another possibility before spreading the rumor to the town.The druggist would not have given up the poison to Emily before her father died, but now Emily was the same one the town sighed, “…Poor Emily…” for.Emily was a lady when her father was alive.Emily is only a lady, because of who her father was.She is a lady out of only legacy.The narrator knows what Emily did, yet the narrator sympathies with Emily up till the end trick the reader into sympathizing along with the story.In the end the reader and the narrator know Emily is a lady no longer, not

only because she is now dead but because she killed and kept a corpse for cuddling.Ladies don’t cuddle with corpses, but up until the discovery of the corpse Emily remained a lady in the eyes of the town.“They waited until Miss Emily was decently in the ground before…” the town opened the door to the room Emily was keeping her corpse.The town waited because they knew they were going to find something off kilter in that room.Something which could and eventually force change on their opinion of Emily, the town did not wanted to keep what they knew about Emily while she was alive separate from what they knew about her when she was dead.Upon the discovery of the body the fused juxtaposition the town carried with them was removed from their notion of Emily.Neither, the reader or the narrator can relate the Emily at the end of the story to the Emily that existed to hinted ideas of who Emily was before events of the story.There is no reconciliation between the two Emily’s.They share different traits.The first, being the lady, the father’s daughter.The second Emily being an off kilter person struggling with craziness the only way she knows how.But because the story is not written from Emily’s perspective the reader cannot see the shift into craziness directly until the end and is left wondering with the narrator what caused Emily to defy my notion of what a lady is supposed to be?

In the end the “Rose” for Emily is just as absent from the story as Emily herself.Emily is portrayed in flickers between the town folk’s skewed options about her, about her house, about her life style and about her choice in bed room arrangements.The lady Emily reveals two things about herself though out the story, she doesn’t like to pay taxes, and she is willing to kill and keep a corpse around.Creating an option based upon what Emily reveals about herself, it’s safe to say Emily was never a lady, and never thought of herself as a lady.Reference Brooks, Cleanth and Roert Penn Warren.Understanding Fiction, 2nd ed.New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc, 1959:351 Roberts, Diane.Faulkner and Southern womanhood, Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1994:158 Olga W.Vicky.The Novels of William Faulkner: A Critical Appraisal [M].Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964

Review of the Cask of Amontillado

The Cask of Amontillado is a daring story by the ever-famous Edgar Allen Poe that shows the pain of hate and desire for revenge.Remember always though to not forget the Golden Rule and that prideful reaping will only bring about to you a large and painful fall.Many people have wanted to gain revenge but for a man to say that he is to conduct his action of revenge with full intention of making justice in one’s own mind is an accusation of pure madness.But what could one possibly do to receive such hate from another? The question is a mystery but you can’t tell me you aren’t interested about Poe’s story so please sit back and let me tell you about why it is so good.Poe makes his point clear in the Cask of Amontillado by his amazing use of literary elements such as plot, setting, and foreshadowing.Poe uses one the very planning parts of a story to tell his tail in an amazing way through the literary element of plot.Stories can have very strong, light, and any combination of types of plots.The Cask of Amontillado has a strong plot.The Story lines up in the plot perfectly.There is an explanation of why the character is wanting to get revenge fills strongly to act upon the other character.Montresor the narrator is seeking revenge after Fortunato who is the other large character in the story.His introduction starts saying，“The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge.” The intention of your main character is clearly stated although reason is not;you have no doubt from the vocabulary that he is greatly offended.Then actions that follow bring about ability to carry out, but can he struggle past himself in morality, and can he struggle against his adversary to achieve his objectives? Poe uses the knowledge he possesses to carry his idea to the max and then fall into the next part of the story giving succession and strong plot to follow.He doesn’t introduce you with a setting but in the actions and the climax he uses foreshadowing and setting to assist the conducting of his plot properly.With the use of his plot he also teaches you the theme of the story, that you ultimately reap what you sow.For a story to really teach a life lesson in the theme of the story the author has to stay focused on his message and the idea while he is carrying out the actual actions of the story.It takes the entire story working together for it to be a success, and to me a successful story cannot be written unless you have to pay attention to every aspect to fully understand it.The characters are realistic and there is a proven sense of seriousness throughout the story and Poe’s extensive understanding of plot and use of it proves all of this.If you are to see the revenge in a story you have to have a serious

mood, that of hate, at the beginning and on into the conflict.Then you see the madness created and the climax will show if the revenge is truly a success or a failure that all results of over flooded hatred.“Nemo me impune lacessit”, or in English no one attacks me with impunity could be a statement of assurance or a statement of ignorant pride.When you read The Cask of Amontillado remember to first look at the plot that is used Edgar Allen Poe.You can’t very well carry out a nursery rhythm in a dark mansion or a horror story in the sunny beautiful place that one would enjoy frolicking because setting is another vital part of an author’s success in his/her story.Poe is an author that fully understood this element and used it also wisely.If you think of revenge you think of dark sinister thoughts.A story of revenge has a setting of scary eeriness and one that would cause fear because revenge is not a warm cuddly area and in composing a short story Poe knew that where the story took place was a vital piece of the puzzle and you can see that from these quotes I would like to pull out of the story: ·

“..., bowed him through several suites of rooms to the archway that led into the vaults.I passed down a long and winding staircase, requesting him to be cautious as he followed.We came at length to the foot of the descent, and stood together upon the damp ground of the catacombs of the Montresors.”

·

“Its walls had been lined with human remains, piled to the vault overhead, in the fashion of the great catacombs of Paris...From the fourth side the bones had been thrown down, and lay promiscuously upon the earth, forming at one point a mound of some size...It seemed to have been constructed for no especial use within itself, but formed merely the interval between two of the colossal supports of the roof of the catacombs, and was back by one of their circumscribing walls of solid granite.”

Setting pulls you in the story, and make inferences, and gives you a sign of foreshadowing on the events to follow.Symbolism is a big element that lies right within the barriers of setting and gives symbolism of things to come.The settings presented in these two quotes of the story show you signs of death and evil by describing objects surrounding, colors, and even the setup of the setting itself.You can’t tell your story and have it make any sense if you don’t have the proper setting.Poe also uses foreshadowing along with his uses of plot and setting to bring across his message and to make this story one that you will read and enjoy.A well-written horror story has to have suspense or it just doesn’t give you that jumpy or that scared feeling.Poe brings to you in this story foreshadowing and that creepy suspenseful feeling.This is hard for a writer to do but Poe does it anyway with such a way that just makes his story much better.Look again at the setting quotes that I brought out of

the story and you can see the coming of death and misery but you aren’t able to see the result of the conflict because while he gives you sign of the defiant success of the main character Poe doesn’t let you know quite yet because he throws in shadows of doubt and questioning.In Poe’s use of foreshadowing he also used the plot to aid the device by letting some of the major rising action be direct foreshadowing events to use the two device as one and enlighten ideas of mystery.You read the story trying to break it apart because you want to know if Montressor will succeed in quest of receiving revenge, but you just can’t see for it to happen or to not happen.You can see how just in these three elements I mentioned that Poe molded together and let each literary device hold up the other.But why would an author feel so strongly to write a story of revenge and it was just an act of justice? Edgar Allen Poe lived a very short and tragic life that was compiled by attributes of dislike, loneliness, and death of the few people that he allowed himself to get close to and love.Poe had to experience a lot of self-conflict that defiantly pushed him to his all and all.He had a list problems compelled that consisted of gambling, drugs, alcohol, and constant depression because he could not take revenge on the thing that caused him the most pain and that was fait itself.Everyone he loved was taken by the incurable(at the time)disease of tuberculosis.I believe that this story was Poe’s way of saying he didn’t know how to

deal with the inability to take revenge on his opposing force, which was fait.He seemed to hurt himself to an unreal level by taking into his life things like gambling(which he probably might have at a time was what he compared to life), drinking(to probably forget his pain), and maybe drugs(because he would probably seek a realm that had to be better than the reality that he lived in).He begins this story, “The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge.” I don’t know the approximate time that Edgar Allen Poe wrote this story but it was probably a time that he may had thought of suicide or even before he was found dead with alcohol in his system on a street corner.It seems that Poe could obviously not take revenge on fate and had no one to blame so he took out the bubbling hurt and made himself his own source of source of pain which would be his life itself and his own identity his outlet because he felt shut out from others because everyone he had loved left him in death.Some authors seek an inspiration for their writings but I believe that Poe just expressed his life and experiences and that is why he is notorious for his horror stories, scary isn’t it.I have given and supported my opinion to you as best to my ability and I know that when you read this story you will enjoy.Remember when you read to get the message that something is trying to teach you and after you enjoy a piece break it down in your mind.Poe used his ability to

express himself in this story through the use of the literary element devices of setting, plot, and foreshadowing made it the story for me.I give The Cask of Amontillado my ballot and would venture to say that it is an example of how a short story should be written.Reference Benton, Richard P.“Poe's 'The Cask of Amontillado': Its Cultural and Historical Backgrounds.” Poe Studies 29.1(June 1996): 19-27.Bonaparte, Marie.The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe: A Psycho-Analytic Interpretation.London: Hogarth, 1971.Davidson, Edward Hutchins.Poe, A Critical Study.Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.

第四篇：(英语毕业论文)艾米丽.勃朗特《呼啸山庄》中的哥特式元素

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

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An Insight into Cause for Feminine Tragedy－－A Case Study of A Rose for Emily

Translation of English Film Titles and the Commercial Effect 简析比喻在《围城》中的运用

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155 论《荆棘鸟》中德罗海达的寓意及其对命运的影响 156 归化和异化翻译策略的研究

157 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫《墙上的斑点》的叙事技巧分析 158 简论英汉习语翻译

159 英汉思维差异与翻译策略

160 人格、环境与命运——以弗洛伊德“人格结构理论”分析《还乡》中的主要人物命运 161 《老人与海》和《白鲸》的个人主义比较 162 珀西.雪莱抒情诗意象研究 163 文化语境下公示语的翻译

164 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义

165 本我、自我、超我－－斯佳丽人物性格分析

166 浅析《远大前程》中的两个乡村女性形象——乔大嫂和毕蒂 167 从《红楼梦》和《简爱》看中西方女性主义 168 用目的论理论研究英汉电影名翻译

169 从“礼貌原则”看中国学习者在跨文化交际中的语用失误——以“please”为例 170 女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》

171 对小说《野草在歌唱》的功能文体分析 172 伯莎梅森形象分析

173 民族文化差异与广告语言创意 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

174 文化视角下的英汉动物隐喻对比研究 175 商务英语中模糊限制语的语用学研究 176 英语写作中教师的书面反馈

177 论《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂.康普生的悲剧 178 美国个人主义与中国集体主义的比较 179 电影片名的翻译研究 180 苔丝女性悲剧的性格因素

181 A Comparative Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Chinese Renditions in Different Periods 182 从关联理论看科技英语的翻译

183 希腊罗马神话典故成语英汉翻译评析

184 A Study of Mark Twain’s Rhetorical Devices: Irony and Humor in the Adventures of Tom Sawyer 185 论中美商务沟通中的跨文化意识 186 《格列佛游记》中格列佛的人格探析 187 汉英习语翻译中文化因素的处理 188 英汉禁忌语异同之分析与比较 189 论《永别了,武器》的写作风格

190 当诗意邂逅商业－－-解读中英诗型广告意境之美 191 英语幽默的认知语用分析

192 跨文化沟通：管理跨国员工队伍的战略途径 193 高中英语互动式课堂教学模式研究 194 生态视角下解读《荒野的呼唤》 195 从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争

196 A Brief Study of Rhetorical Devices Employed in President Obama’s Inaugural Address－－from the Perspective of Syntactic Structure 197 情景教学法在大学新生英语口语教学课堂中的实施 198 论跨文化交际中的体态语

199 Biblical Ideas on Women and Sex 200 The Archetype of the Ugly Duckling in The Secret Garden

第五篇：迪金森一首诗的文体学分析

迪金森一首小诗的文体学分析

中文摘要：在艾米丽·迪金森所生活得年代，诗歌创作有着相对固定的模式与规则，然而作为一位隐士的她却丝毫不为这种标准所限。在诗歌的创作中，迪金森大胆地采用了头韵、半谐音、重复、变异等诗歌创作的文体技巧。正是这些独特技法的运用，形成了她区别于前人的、具有浓重自身特色的文体特征。

关键词：艾米丽·迪金森、头韵、重复、变异、文体技巧

作者简介：王丽莎（1977-），女，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人，齐齐哈尔大学外国语学院硕士，齐齐哈尔大学外国语学院讲师，主要研究方向：英美文学。通信地址：黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市齐齐哈尔大学外国语学院英语系，邮编：161006.联系电话：***

迪金森一首诗的文体学分析

十九世纪二十年代，从美国的诗坛里飘逸出一首首感情凝重、意象奇特的小诗，打动了不少繁忙的美国人的心，也引起了美国以外许多人的注意和推崇。人们从简朴、冼炼的诗行中一面品尝着浓烈的诗味，一面想象着诗人孤寂的一生。这位诗人就是艾米丽·迪金森。

迪金森写诗完全是一种个人情感的自然流露。她写诗一不想给别人看，二不想发表。最初发表的几首诗面世之后，人们对迪金森的诗褒贬不一。有的认为她的诗缺乏韵律，充满不可理解的比喻，竟是些“胡言乱语”，“是文盲和无知情感的大杂烩”；有的说她的诗尖锐但晦涩难懂。后来人们看到的诗多了，对她开始推崇起来，并普遍认为她是同惠特曼，爱伦·坡等人并驾齐驱的美国最伟大的抒情诗人。

使迪金森在美国占有重要文学地位的不是她的诗歌的思想内容，而是她的诗歌技巧和形式。她认为诗歌应当通过具体的形象体现思想。诗人的任务在于以生动的意象表达抽象的概念。迪金森擅长运用视觉、听觉等意象，所以不少人把她看成西方意象派的鼻祖，对美国和欧洲的新诗运动产生了巨大的影响。她诗中诡诞的风格、奇特的意象、巧妙的暗喻，再加上不拘诗歌的章法、标点、换行及语法的别具一格成为西方近代和当代诗歌的一个重要渊源。

迪金森一生创作了近1，800首诗，有写死亡与永生的，有写爱情的，也有描写自然事物的等等。本文分析的是一首小诗“I like to see it lap the Miles---”。这首诗并不能说是迪金森诗作中的代表或典型，但作为其诗作中的一篇，该诗还是传承了迪金森诗作的一贯风格。“I like to see it lap the Miles---”是迪金森描写自然事物的一首诗。这首诗描写当时震撼世界的三大工程之一——北美大铁路，美国物质文明发展的标志。全篇没有提及“火车”一词，但车头、长啸、车轮飞奔等的生动形象跃然纸上。

该诗的全文如下：

I like to see it lap the Miles---

And lick the Valleys up---

And stop to feed itself at Tanks---

And then---prodigious step

Around a Pile of Mountains---

And supercilious peer

In Shanties---by the Sides of Roads---

And then a Quarry pare

To fit it’s sides

And crawl between

Complaining all the while

In horrid---hooting stanza---

Then---chase itself down Hill---

And neigh like Boanerges---

Then---prompter than a Star

Stop---docile and omnipotent

And it’s own stable door.这首诗共17行，诗行的长度不等。整首诗是由一句话构成。诗歌的换行也呈现不规则状态。本文从诗中应用的头韵、半谐音、重复等技巧以及诗歌的变异等方面对该诗加以文体学分析。

一、头韵和半谐音（Alliteration and Assonance）

语音本身除了一些拟声词的发音外和意思没有直接的联系，例如 big, large, great, enormous 等词都有“大”的意思，可是他们的元音和辅音各不相同。但诗人在选词时，总是非常注意词的声音，因为这些声音组合在一起能产生优美、和谐的效果；而另外一些声音组合在一起能起到帮助表达意思和情绪的作用。有人认为某些辅音如流音l,r,鼻音n,g 比较柔和；而另外一些辅音，如爆破音b,p,d,t,g,k 则比较生硬。还有些人认为某些辅音能暗示某种自然的声音，如s,z 使人联想到风声等。迪金森的这首诗中就应用了大量的这种音韵技巧，如头韵和半谐音等，使她的诗歌具有别具一格的韵味。

头韵（Alliteration）相当于汉语的“双声”，即两个以上的词的词首辅音相同。这在诗中较为常见。迪金森这首诗的第1、2行的like, lap 和lick 即第6、8行的peer 和pare 就属于这种压头韵的现象。通过这种手法，读者会感觉到火车在有节奏的加速，既生动又有趣。

词首或词中的元音重复谓之半谐音（Assonance），近似于汉语的“叠韵”，有时也指两个词或音节的元音类似或辅音类似。其作用和头韵大致相同，也是把有关的词联系起来增加音乐美。在迪金森的这首诗中读者会发现在第一和第二诗节中lap, up, stop, step 等含有[p] 辅音的单词不时的出现，惟妙惟肖的模仿火车喷气的声音。而在第三诗节的末尾，即第16行出现的stop, docile, 和omnipotent 三个单词又都有重读音 [ō]，同时从stop到 docile到omnipotent, 其后的弱读音节越来越长。这种半谐音的应用技巧使我们仿佛看到在车轮发出的既有力又顺从的渐弱声中，火车在慢慢的停下，既增强了诗的音乐性又加强了火车的形象。

二、词汇的重复（Repetition of Words）

我们在读诗的时候，往往会发现在一首诗中的一个词或一个词组甚至整个一行在同一诗节或不同诗节中同时出现。在迪金森的这首诗中我们会发现第2，3，4，6，8，10，13行的 “And”这个词重复了多次，而且都位于该行之首。同样，“ And”与 “Then” 的搭配在第4，8，13，14，15行也重复多次。

不论词或词组的重复出现在什么位置上，重复作用或效果大致相同：一是渲染气氛，加重语气；二是前后呼应，加强联系，把几行诗或一节诗联系在一起，使之成为一个整体，使诗意也得到了非常明显的延伸。迪金森这首诗中重复用到的“ And”与 “Then”，连同压头韵及半谐音单词一起给人一种联想的画面：雄伟的火车在有节奏的加速，愈来愈快的行驶起来，气势磅礴。继而伴着车轮既有力而又顺从的渐弱声慢慢停下——一副生动的画面跃然纸上。我们在朗诵这首诗的时候，并不因为重复很多而觉得单调；相反，很有趣，很优美，也很悦耳。这正是恰当运用重复的效果。

三、变异（Deviation）

变异偏离语言使用的常规而选择未被前人所用的表达方式，创作性的使用语言。著

名的英国文体学家里奇（Leech）认为，创造性地使用语言有两层意思：一是指作家创新地运用已有语言；二是指作家创造了已有语言中不存在的交际方式。而雅克布逊（Jacobson）称变异为“对于常用语言的有组织的暴力行为”。根据文体学家秦秀白的观点，变异只是一种手段，而不是目的。其目的在于创造一种“突出”（Foregrounding）即不寻常，从而起到引人注目的作用，使人们深入思考其中的内涵。里奇（Leech）在A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry 中主要列举的变异形式有：词汇变异、语音变异、语法变异、书写变异、语义变异、方言变异、语域变异和历史时代变异等等。迪金森不喜欢从众，追求独树一帜的诗作风格很大程度上就是通过变异来实现的。

在她的这首“I like to see it lap the Miles---”一诗中同样不乏变异和突出之处。主要是通过语相变异来表现的。

有些诗在否定句的形式、时态、冠词用法、名词的复数甚至标点、段落、词的拼写等等方面有和常规不一致的地方即为语相变异。在迪金森的这首小诗中，我们可以发现语相变异主要有以下几个方面：

1、在整首诗中，我们只发现了一个标点符号，即破折号。这样的标点符号使用当然是不符合常理的，诗人就是采用这样的方式体现其诗作的独到之处，制造一种不同寻常的押韵形式。

2、在这首诗中，除每句诗行的第一个单词首字母是大写之外，诗行中的Miles, Valleys, Tanks, Pile, Mountains, Shanties, Roads, Quarry, Hill, Star 等单词的首字母也都采用大写形式。这也属于变异，这些大写字母的应用更加烘托了火车之雄伟，充分体现了北美大铁路给诗人的强烈震撼。

3、迪金森擅长根据自己诗歌所要表达的意境在书写形式上做文章。具体表现即运用了许多换行。英诗不论句而论行。当一句诗在句法和诗意上不完整时就把剩下的部分移到下行。这种现象在自由体诗中尤为常见。因为换行而移为下行之首或本行之末的词往往显得特别突出。同时，换行得当还有强烈的节奏和音韵效果。可是诗行的韵律与韵脚更加协调统一。迪金森这首诗每行都十分简短，而且第2，3，5，6，8，10每行都以And开头，这是我们仿佛看到一节节的火车车厢在车头的带动下风驰电掣的前行的画面，达到了渲染气氛的效果。

4、在这首诗的第9和第17行出现了两个 “it’s”, 根据诗歌所表达的意思，这里 “it’s” 正确的使用应该是 “its”, 这种书写上的独特变异也是迪金森与众不同的创作风格。在迪金森所生活得年代，诗歌创作有着相对固定的模式与规则，然而作为一位隐士的她却丝毫不为这种标准所限。在诗歌的创作中，迪金森大胆地采用了许多当时看来属于缺乏规范，甚至离经叛道的手法。正是这些独特技法的运用，形成了她区别于前人的、具有浓重自身特色的文体特征。

参考文献：

[1] 常耀信.美国文学选读.[M] 天津.南开大学出版社，2002.9()

[2] 唐俭.美国文学指南.[M] 黑龙江人民出版社，1997()