高中短文改错常见类型经典(模版)

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第一篇:高中短文改错常见类型经典(模版)

一、错误类型

多词:冠词、介词、动词不定式符号to等。

漏词:冠词、介词、动词不定式符号to、系动词、物主代词等。错词:

(一)语法错误

1.主谓不一致;2.时态不一致;3.指代不一致;4.平行不一致;

5.名词的单复数;6.词的固定搭配和惯用法(如:get used to doing sth.)7.词性的误用(形/副);

8.冠词的误用;9.语态、非谓语动词;10.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级混用。

(二)逻辑错误

1.上下行文逻辑错误(and/but/or/so); 2.主从复合句中连词或引导词的误用; 3.句意混乱(up/down ;here/there)。

二、常见错误设置模式

1.①在so…that…结构中,so 和that不同行,把that放在下一行,so 的位置上写成了very;

② too…to…结构中, too写成了very;

③There is no need to do sth.中There 用成了It;④It is/has been…years since…中since用成了when;⑤was/were doing…when…结构中,when用成了while。2.the same…中the 用成了a或漏掉定冠词the(same永远和the 在一起.如the same as与…一样/相同;all the same仍然,还是;the same to you); for a long time(长时间)漏掉a; most of the…漏掉the;

for the first time(第一次)漏掉the; make progress中间加了a。

3.repeat之后加了again;return之后加了back; enter之后加了into/to。4.because/ since和so连用; although /though和but连用;

reason和because连用(The reason why…is that…;Another reason is that…)。5.元音字母开头但发辅音的词前用了an,如university, European, useful thing, usual thing。

6.辅音字母开头但发元音的词前用了a,如:honest, hour, honor。7.现在分词与过去分词的误用。

三、常见的误用词

1.little很少(修饰不可数名词)/few很少数(修饰可数名词); 2.less更少(修饰不可数名词)/fewer更少数(修饰可数名词); 3.many许多(修饰可数名词)/much许多(修饰不可数名词); 4.beside在…旁边 /besides除此之外还…, 而且; 5.here这儿 /there那儿; 6.before在…以前 / after在…以后; 7.时段+ago……以前(常用于一般过去时)/ 时段+before……以前①(常用于过去完成 时);②以前(与now相对);

8.a/an泛指,/the 特指 ;

9.sick有病的,患病的(adj.)/ill(有病的)表语形容词; 10.well好(adv.);身体好(adj.)/good好(adj.); 11.it’s﹦it is/has / its它的(pron.);

12.either也(用在否定句)/too也(用在肯定句);

13.alone独自一人(表语形容词)/lonely(人)孤独的,寂寞的;(地)荒凉的; 14.hard难的(adj.);努力地(adv.)/hardly几乎不,简直不(adv.);

15.high(位置)高高的/地(可以客观计量)/highly(程度)高度地(不能客观计量); 16.most大多数,大部分(adj./ pron.)/mostly主要地(adv.); 17.because因为(前果后因)/ why为什么, …的原因(前因后果); 18.and(顺承/递进并列)/ but(转折)/or(选择)/so(因果);

19.when(当…的时候)/while(当…的时候)从句常用进行时,延续性动词; 20.which引导非限制性定语从句/that引导同位语从句;

21.if ①如果 ②是否(只引导宾语从句,且不与or连用)/whether是否(引导名词性从句或构成 whether to do sth.);

22.each(两个或两个以上中的)每一个,(强调各自的)/ every(三个或三个以上中的)每一个,(强调所有的,无一例外的);

23.among在(三者以上)之间 /between在两者之间,(多个事物的)每两两之间; 24.all(三者以上)都/ both两者都;

25.any(三者以上中)任一 /either(两者中)任一; 26.other 别的,其他的 /another又一(个),再一(个); 27.none(三者以上中)没一个 /neither(两者中)没一个; 28.sometime(过去/将来)某时 /sometimes有时;

29.everybody每个人,人人,大家(用在肯定句中)/anybody任何人(用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中);

30.everything 一切(用在肯定句中)/anything任何事(用在否定句/疑问句/条件从句中);

31.no没有(adj.不与a/an、the、any等连用,no﹦not a /not any eg.I have no umbrella.I have no problems.I have no money with me.)/not不(adv.);

32.spend花费(人作主语)/cost花费(事物作主语);

33.wear 穿着,戴着,佩戴 /dress给……穿衣(宾语是人而不是衣服); 34.receive 收到 /accept 接受,收下;

35.left 落下,忘带(后跟具体地点)/forgot 忘记; 36.36.lie 躺,位于 /lay 放,摆,铺;产卵;

37.invent发明,创造(宾语是客观没有的)/discover发现(宾语是客观存在的); 38.38.wish希望,但愿(其后宾语从句用虚拟语气)/hope希望;

39.likely 很可能(adj./adv.)/ like 跟……一样,像(prep./conj.)/as 作为,如同(prep.);

40.cross横过,穿过(v.)/across 横过,穿过(prep./ adv.); 41.interesting有趣的,令人感兴趣的(物作主语)/ interested感兴趣的(人作主语); 42.fortunate幸运的(adj.)/fortunately 幸运地(adv.); 43.unfortunate不幸的(adj.)/unfortunately不幸地(adv); 44.immediate立即,马上(adj.)/immediately立即,马上(adv.); 45.comfortable舒适的(adj.)/comfortably舒适地(adv.);

46.missed错过了的 /missing失踪的, 缺失了的 /lost迷途的,丢失的; 47.close(关系)近的,亲密的(adj.);(位置)靠近地(adv.)/closely(关系)亲密的(adv.)/closed关闭的;

48.persuade(说服)sb.to do sth./advise(建议)sb.to do sth./suggest(建议)doing sth.;

49.keep借用(可延续)/borrow借(进)/lend借(出); 50.named叫做(后置定语)/naming; 51.called叫做(后置定语)/calling;

52.drowned 已淹死的 /drowning 溺水的,快要淹死的;

53.late 迟的 /晚地(adj./adv.)/lately 最近,近来(adv.)/later(时间段)以后,较后的,晚一点;

54.like 像,跟……一样(prep.)/ likely 很可能(adj.); 55.time 时间 /times 时代,时期 /timely及时的。

56.so/such…that “多多少少”(many/much /little/few)前用so

四、短文改错口诀

动词形、名词数,词性误用形和副; 冠/介小词错漏多,代词错在数与格; 动词二态非谓语,句子成分多分析; 从句常考引导词,固定搭配莫迟疑; 语法牢记四一致,逻辑关系细推理。

五、短文改错应遵循的原则

◆错误以改动最少为原则 ◆虚词以增加或删除为原则 ◆实词以改变形式为原则 ◆原意以保持不变为原则

六、短文改错解题技巧

◆浏览全文 掌握大意 ◆分句阅读 逐行找错 ◆由易到难 各个击破 ◆通读全文 检查核对

第二篇:英语短文改错常见类型

英语短文改错常见类型

1.while 和when ● when 解析〔引导时间状语从句〕(1).表明一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行之中。例如:

When the teacher came into the classroom,we wereplaying.当老师走进教室时,我们正在玩闹。(2).表明当某一动作正在进行时,另一动作发生了。如:

When Lily was flying a kite,she found a child crying on the ground.莉莉正在放风筝时,她发现操场上有个小孩哭。

〔特别提示〕当when从句放在主句之后时,它更强调某一动作的突然性,此时的when相当于and then,and suddenly,just at that time。

I was taking a walk when I came across Lily.我正在散步时,(没想到)遇见了莉莉。

特别是主句中有just,或when从句中有suddenly时,这种突然性更为明显、强烈。例如:

We were doing my homework at home last night when the lights went out.昨天晚上我正在家写作业时,灯(突然)灭了。

〔相关链接〕when引导的状语从句除了上述意义之外,也常具有其他一些含义:

1.一„„就„„(=as soon as)

We will stand up when the teacher comesin.老师一进来我们就起立。

2.虽然;然而;可是(=although)

We had only five boxes when we needed eight.我们需要八个箱子,可是只有五个。

3.每当„„(=whenever)

It is always very hot here when it is summer.每当夏季,这儿总是很热。

4.既然(=since,as)

Why did you come here on foot when you know you should come by bike?既然你知道该骑自行车来,你为何还要步行呢?

● while 解析

while引导状语从句,有以下两种含义:

(1).表示某个动作正在进行的同时,另一动作也在进行之中,这时主从句都用进行时态,有对同类的两个动作进行对比的意味。如:

While I was playing the game,she was readcing.我在玩游戏,她在读书。

(2).表示某个动作正在进行时,又发生了另一动作(该动作用一般过去时)。如:

While I was reading,I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了。

〔相关链接〕

while还有以下几种常见用法:

(1).只要(=as long as)

There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水,就会有生命。

(2).而;然而〔表示对比〕

He is a driver while I'm a teacher.他是司机,而我是老师。

(3).虽然(=although);尽管〔表示让步〕

While I see what you say,I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话,但是我不能同意你。

(4).用作名词,表示“一会儿或一段时间”,常与a,the或this等连用。如:

Just wait a while and then I will help you.等一下,我会来帮你的。

2.不定冠词与定冠词 不定冠词a(an)是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr.Li is waiting for you.李先生正在等您。2)代表一类人或物

Mr.Smith is an poor.史密斯先生是穷人。

3)用在可数名词前

Mr.Smith is an theacher.史密斯先生是老师

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

定冠词的用法: 1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house.I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the United States

美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:

She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens

格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中:

in the day, in the morning(afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle(of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 3.beside和besides Beside在„旁边

besides除„之外 4.—ed和—ing 人用—ed物和事用—ing 5.易混用词语

6.名词单复数形式。注意不可数名词 7.时态 8.连词

though不与but连用,because不与so连用等 9.形容词、副词

误用形容词修饰形容词,误用副词修饰名词,误用形容词修饰动词,误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等,特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。高中阶段去e加ly的只有ture 10.代词

形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用,关系代词、连接代词的误用,代词主格与代词宾格的误用,代词单数与代词复数的误用,各个不定代词之间的误用,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用,代词的指代错误,定语从句中多用代词等 11.主谓一致 12.句法

1主谓语在数上的一致;

I hope everything are ok with you.are 改为is 2名词性从句;

A man came up to him and asked what he needed.3定语从句;

This would save the life of many animals, some of which have almost died out.4强调句型;It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who„

句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。

第三篇:短文改错常见考点

短文改错技巧

一、短文改错常见考点设置: 1.考点设置之名词

命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.详解:

1).She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.()2).After class we become stranger at once.()

3).They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.()4).On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.()5).There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.()6).He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.()7).I looked at his other hands.()2.考点设置之代词

命题特点:1.女性代词指代男性或相反;2.单数指代复数;3.代词词性误用。改正方法:联系上下文的逻辑关系。

代词的错误特点:1.人称代词的偷换错误 2.缺少人称代词的错误 3.人称代词数的一致问题 4.人称代词格的一致问题 详解:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.()I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.()It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very excited.(Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.()Some students may also save up for our college or future use.()3.考点设置之介词))命题特点及改正方法:介词涉及搭配错误,因此可从以下方面确定错误:1)介词的基本用法;2)习惯搭配;3)动词词类确定错误,如talk, serve, wait等。

介词短语常常考,固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语,结合语境细推敲。详解:

We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.()

I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.()

The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.()We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.()I am writing to thank you with your kind help.()He was looking for a glass the cupboard.()Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.()4.考点设置之时态

命题特点及改正方法:现在时与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解:

They did not want me to do any work at home;they wantme to devote all my time to my studies so that---()The time passes quickly.Evening came.()She liked it very much and reads it to the class.()

I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.()I will write again and send you the photos we take together.()We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.()5.andbutor误用及前后不一致

命题特点:主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。

改正方法;1)根据句意确定误; 2)根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解:)She is smiling at me but nodding at me.()

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.()The food was expensive and the service was good.()

I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.()We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.()She liked it very much and reads it to the class.()6.考点设置之从句连词

命题特点及改正方法:句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。详解:

It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.()I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.()

The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.()Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.()They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.()7.考点设置之冠词

命题特点及改正方法:英语中冠词只有三个,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。详解:

As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.()We may be one family and live under a same roof, but---()

On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.()I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home()8.考点设置之形容词和副词

命题特点及改正方法:主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1)根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误;2)修饰连系动词或名词用形容词;3)修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解:

I would describe myself as shy and quietly.()

There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.()Finding information on the Net is easily.()

So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.()My pronunciation was terribly.()They came back lately and had some tea.()9.考点设置之非谓语动词

命题特点改正方法:1)谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用;2)动词不定式和动名词的错用;3)现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解:

Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.()My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.()

Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.()We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.()

Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.()

二、短文改错口诀

动词形,名词数,还要注意形和副;非谓语,细辨别,习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析,逻辑错误须关注;冠词连词常光顾.详解:

(一)动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误: 1)一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2)第三人称单数形式错用。

2)and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性)4)主谓不一致。5)缺少谓语动词(尤其缺be动词)6)主动语态与被动语态错用 7)Used to 的运用错误

(二)名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法: 1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份.2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.

(三)还要注意形和副:注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法:主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误;修饰连系动词或名词用形容词;修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。

(四)非谓语,细辨别:这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词,动名词和不定式错误。1)不定式2)动名词作主语、宾语3)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时)4)现在分词和过去分词的区别等。

(五)习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。

(六)句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。

(七)逻辑错误须关注:与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误,如称谓上的张冠李戴。

(八)冠词连词常光顾:常考的错误形式有:连词but,and,or和so的用法错误,以及冠词的用法错误等。三.短文改错小结 做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。详解:六个步骤:

(1)通读短文,整体把握短文大意。(2)细读全文,逐句分析,把握结构,逐一作答。(3)粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。(4)逐行修改,先易后难。(5)复读全文,验证答案。(6)要注意答题是否合乎规范。四不改: ①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改)。

④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词,在句中不可能用错.

第四篇:高中英语短文改错常见改错类型总结

英语改错

纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错,不难看出,其错误形式基本上为:错词占6行左右;正确占一行;多词和缺词一般占3行左右。错误类型主要涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一致、固定结构等语法知识。其中,动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点。

1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有 ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;② and 前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤

I particularly enjoyed driving through the countrysidewith you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.(and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致,故saw改为seeing)

8.介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用

There are too many people among my family.(among 改为in,in my family 为固定搭配)

I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow.(去掉 at, the moment 引导从句)

短文改错解题思路和检查原则

1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;2.谓语动词的时态、语态;3.非谓语动词的用法;4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

短文改错解题四原则

1.改动以最少为原则;2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;3.实词以改变词形为原则 4.以保持句子原意为原则。

短文改错解题步骤

1.通读全文,掌握大意;2.整句分析,逐行推敲;3.反复通读,复查验证。

解题注意要点和能力培养

1.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。

2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。

3.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。

第五篇:短文改错

短文改错

高考英语短文改错题要求考生判断一篇短文中十行(自1995年以来)文字是否有错,如果有错误就将其改正。

此题型旨在测试考生发现、判断并改正短文中错误的能力,以及考查考生准确运用词法、句法、行文逻辑等的综合能力。

本题型侧重考查考生的词汇和语法基础知识,但并不是单纯的知识检测,而是考查考生在阅读的过程中运用语法知识解决实际问题的能力。

纵观近几年高考短文改错,不难发现其设题方式比较固定:正确为1个,多词或缺词共计3个,错词为6个,其比例为1:3:6。

下面引用近几年的高考题来分析一下此题的三种错误类型:多词、缺词和错词。

一、多词

1.多冠词

(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可数名词,且catch sight of是固定搭配,意为“看见”。

(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】,am为不可数名词,泛指时前面不用冠词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。

Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food,and„

(2)与by连用的交通工具及air,land,sea等名词前不用冠词。

by bike骑自行车,by sea由海路,乘船

(3)有些名词(如school,class,hospital,church,prison,bed,table,town等)与相应介词连用,表示进行和这些词直接相关的活动时,前不用冠词。

___ _去上学,_______坐牢,_______在吃饭

(4)球类运动、棋类游戏前,不用冠词。

___ _打篮球,_______下棋

(5)mo。t副词作“非常”解时,前面不用定冠词the。

She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。

(6)。或though引导让步状语从句,构成倒装结构,前置的单数名词前不用任何冠词。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他只是孩子,知道的却很多。

2.多介词

(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL

(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作时间状语的名词短语前多了介词。

(4)„but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意为“谈到„„”,是及物动词短语,后须接介词宾语,但根据本句语境,此处不必接宾语,故去掉about。

【知识拓宽】

(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名词词组直接充当时间状语,前面不用介词。

(2)有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词,在英语中却是及物动词,由于受汉语影响,可能多一个介词。

serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(画线介词多余)

(3)有些表示地点的副词,其意义中已包含to,如果再加to,则多余。

on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(画线介词均多余)

(4)有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词,构成复合介词,若后面没有介词宾语,介词则多余。同样,有些动词短语是“动词十介词”结构,若后面没有介词宾语,介词则多余。

①If you won’t go,I'll go instead of.(画线介词多余)

②She listened to but heard nothing(画线介词多余)

(5)有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时,须加一个介词,但接从句时,必须去掉介词。

①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(画线介词多余)

②I am sorry for that he won't come(画线介词多余)

3.词义重叠

(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them这一时间状语从句后再用often显得重复,应去掉。

(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意为“整个周末”,再加上all,词义重叠。

【知识拓宽】

(1)有些词受汉语影响,多一副词或介词,造成词义重叠。

return back回来,repeat again重复,flee away逃走,enter into进入,blue color蓝色,stop down停下来,raiseup举起来,unpack open打开

(2)定语从句中的一个名词,已由关系代词取代,再用其替代词是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week

(3)单音节的形容词或副词比较等级加-er.-est,多音节加more、most,但二者不能同时重叠使用。

As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出现冗言现象

(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修饰visit,visit此处为名词,意为“我的第一次访问”,time多余。

(2)Now I can't watch much television,but„【解析】根据上下文,此处应是“我根本不能看电视”,因此受汉语影响,多了much,造成冗言。

【知识拓宽】

(1)状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。

①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。

①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②„in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。

Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)从属连词后多一个that。

She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)复合宾语前多一个that。

I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多词

(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此处属于used to do与be used to两个固定搭配的误用,应去掉was,取“过去常常”之意。

(2)„in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words为固定搭配,意为“换句话说”,而any other意为“任何别的„„”,与本文上下文不符。

6.行文逻辑上多词First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事,故只能说something,而不能加more。

二、缺词

1.名词前缺限定词

(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此处应加上the,特指“球队的队长”。

(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根据上下文分析,此处English teacher是有所指的,指的是“我的”英语老师,故加上my,表达一个更确切的概念。

(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time为固定搭配,意为“祝某人玩得愉快”。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在“so+形容词十可数名词单数”结构中,名词前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定时,前面不能缺a,意为“一些”。

如a little water,但是“每隔几分钟”应说成every fewminutesa

(3)有些不可数名词(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等),表示“一种”“一个“一份”时,应加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏复数”表示一家人时,the不能省。

The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“两者之中比较„„的一个”时,比较级前应加the。

He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可数名词不可单独使用,前面应有限定词,如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。

When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺动词不定式符号to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加动词,需加to,构成固定搭配“would like to do”,意为“想做„„”。

(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的状语,不定式符号to不可省。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不定式作后置定语,不定式符号to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to

(2)-般说来,两个实义动词不能并列使用,中间常用to连接。

①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to

②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to

(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等动词变成被动结构时,充当主语补足语的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work

(4)为了避免重复前面的动词,后面的不定式常常省略,但要保留不定式符号to。

We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to

3.缺系动词

(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China:.'were【解析】eager为形容词,必须加系动词构成系表结构。

(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺谓语动词,应加is。

(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do结构,根据上下文,必须加上系动词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)由于受汉语语法规则的影响,有些形容词作表语时,常常缺少系动词。

She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被动结构中,由于缺少助动词,变成了主动语态,造成错误。

„and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介词(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of为固定短语,意为“而非,而不是”,后接宾语。

(2)„but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定习语,意为“许多,大量”,后加宾语。

【知识拓宽】

改错题对介词的考查,重点是一些固定搭配,再如:

WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for,因此,同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。

5.缺连词In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺连词而造成句子成分残缺,只有加上why,句子的意义才完整。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在汉语中,分句与分句之间往往不用连词,但在英语中却不行。

It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and

(2)受母语影响,几个同类词并列连用时,它们之间往往缺一连词。

CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引导的主语从句置于句首时,that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引导同位语从句的连词that,when等常不可省。

(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if,even though,as if'as though等短语中,第二个连词不能少。

He walks as if/though he were drunk

三、错词

1.可数名词单复数误用

(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question

(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)„so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___

(6)„and many happy return of the day_____

(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知识拓宽】

对名词单复数的考查是高考的热点之一,几乎每年考查一处。因此,为了对名词错误判断准确,应该:

(1)弄清名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。

We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water

(2)掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则。

There are branch library in many villages libraries

(3)要熟练运用名词的所有格。

2.时态误用

(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had

(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned

(3)I was a member of our school football team am

(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was

(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed

(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知识拓宽】

动词时态是短文改错考查的热点之一,一般说来每年考查一处,而且近几年高考主要考查现在时与过去时的使用,再如:I had an examination on Monday moming.have

3.非谓语动词误用

(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive

(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing

(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing

(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知识拓宽】

(1)由以上考例可见,v.-mg形式作主语、宾语或状语是考查的热点。

CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning

(2)过去分词与现在分词的区别是另一考查热点。此时重点要看分词与主语或逻辑主语的关系。

①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②„but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被动语态中的过去分词误用成动词原形。

Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好动词不定式带to与不带to的差异。

(5)有些动词后接不定式,有些动词后接动名词,应分别牢记这些动词。

4.主谓不一致

(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives

(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知识拓宽】

(1)谓语动词的单复数一般取决于前面主语的单复数。

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs

(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一,either.or..-等并列连词连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应采取就近一致原则。

(3)There be结构中,谓语动词也应采取就近一致原则。

But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are

(4)注意把集合名词(如family,class,team等)和不定代词(如all,none等)放在具体语境中,判断其谓语动词的单复数。

5.代词不一致

(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their

(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知识拓宽】

(1)根据上下文判断,出现了代词不一致。

①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe

(2)倾向于考查学生对不定代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的掌握与运用能力。

And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me

(3)人称代词性别上的误用也是常见的错误形式之一。

6.连词误用

(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it为形式主语,whether l would win or not是真正的主语,意为“我是否能赢”。

(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意为:看起来我的父母亲把我当成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者为选择关系而非并列关系,故将and改为or。

(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此处应是并列或因果关系,而非转折关系。

【知识拓宽】

(1)正确掌握各连词的含义及其在从句中的应用。

①„because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if

(2)熟练应用表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系的连词:and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However

(3)弄清whether和if的含义及用法区别。

„and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if

7.关系代词与关系副词误用

I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此处是非限制性定语从句,关系代词which作主语。

【知识拓宽】

(1)正确区分关系代词之间的区别,尤其是that和which的区别。

„in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which

(2)正确区分关系代词与关系副词的区别,并掌握它们的用法。

However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where

8.词性误用

(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句应该用名词importance作动词teach的直接宾语。

(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此处应该用副词unfortunately作状语,意为“不幸的是”。

(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem为系动词,后面应接形容词作表语。

【知识拓宽】

词性误用指的是动词与名词混淆,副词与形容词混淆等。这就要求我们在平时学习中重视词性及各类词在句中的基本功能。再如:

I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful

9.限定词误用

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American为元音音素开头的单词,故应用部定冠词 an

(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof,„the【解析】same意为“同样的”,前面应加定冠词the。

10.近义词混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里的人。,而home则侧重指“家庭的所在地”。因此,“在家里”应用athome。

【知识拓宽】

在英语中,有许多同义词、近义词和反义词,在平时学习中应抓好基础,牢记每一个词的基本含义。再如:.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come总之,平时学习中应加强对基础知识的积累,熟练掌握高考词汇、基本词法、句法,同时还应加强阅读能力的训练。因为,较快的阅读速度、较好的语感和牢固的基础知识是做好短文改错的重要前提。平时训练短文改错时,不应只是为了做题而做题,而应善于总结、摸索答题的规律。

参考答案

一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess

三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes

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