00Dusg(免费)英语六级短文改错详细版

第一篇：00Dusg(免费)英语六级短文改错详细版

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英语六级改错题策略

1、一致性方面的错误

1）主谓一致

主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。

例：The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。

2）名词单复数

有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many, several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。

例：Computer, as we all know, has many possible use in different fields.句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。

3）代词与先行词一致

代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。

例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors' study because without them one can read books only in translation.?

本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several languages，因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。

2、时态、语态、虚拟语气

1）时态错误

在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。

例：He can't remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once（从前）作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。

2）语态错误

在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。

例：She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。

3）虚拟语气错误

虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。

例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故is应改为be或should be。类似的动词还有demand, insist, order等等。

3、连接词、并列句、从属句

这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。

例：Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like.句中连词“since”用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是since使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得 得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。

4、形容词、副词比较级、最高级

这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲，考生不难掌握。

例：Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容词，意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式，须改成costly。

5、平行结构

平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。

例：Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.?

本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。

6、非谓语动词

非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。

例：The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。

7、固定搭配

固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。

例：It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology.?

句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配，应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定表达，有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。

8、词性错误

词性误用句中，错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题，首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置，然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。

例：We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job.? 句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用，应改为副词形式necessarily。

9、易混淆的词

英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。

例：His persistence was awarded when the car finally started.句中“award”是“颁发，授予（奖赏）”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。

英语六级考试—改错技巧和注意事项

短文改错(Error Correction)属主观题型，要求考生在15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。

一、改错形式有以下三类:

1.错词(words mistaken)。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词(change a word)，这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2.缺词(words missing)。在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词(insert a word)。

3.多词(words redundant)。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去(cross out a word)。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。

改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。

二、短文改错的命题考点：

一)上下文语义方面的错误

1.反义词。这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有:①派生反义词。如: encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等。②互补性反义词。如: dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-sin gle等。③换位性反义词。如: buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等。④相对性反义词。如: easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等。⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。

2.连接性词语。连接性词语虽属传统的语法题，但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括:

①并列连词。如: and，but，for，or等。②主从连词。这类词较多，如: because，(al)though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等。③连接性副词。如: however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等。④连接性介词。如: because of，despite，besides，instead of等。

二)用法搭配方面的错误

1.介词。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是考生最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破，考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中，请注意从以下几个方面辨认。①介词与动词的搭配。如: accuse sb.of，charge sb.with，prevent sb.from，prohibit sb.from，differ from，contribute to等。②介词与名词的搭配。如: count on，influence on，improve on，belief in，confidence in，advantage over，preference over，attitude to，solution to等。③介词与形容词的搭配。如: different from，indifferent to，dependent on，independent of，guilty of，innocent of，persistent in，proficient

in等。④由介词引起的短语。如: in contrast，in turn，in the long run，by means of，in terms of，on good/bad terms with，on the contrary，by chance，by turns等。

2.成语。短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语，尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。①介词错误。如: take pride for(→in)，abide to(→by)，persist on(→in)，have no ear to(→for)等。②冠词错误。如: in the contrast(in contrast)，all of sudden(all of a sudden)，keep a pace with(keep pace with)等。③名词单复数。如: take turn(take turns)，make friend with(make friends with)，keep/break one“s words(keep/ break one”s word)等。

三)动词方面的错误

这方面的错误主要涉及:

1.分词。主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如: a puzzled question→a puzzling question an exciting girl→an excited girl

2.系动词。

①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如: The meal smells badly.→The meal smells bad.②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid，alive，aware，conscious，guilty，worth等。

3.动词的及物与不及物。改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词(缺介词)，或及物动词被误用作不及物动词(多介词)。前者如: complain the bad service there(应加of)后者如:consider of his suggestion(应删of)

4.短语动词。主要是带介词或副词的短语动词，常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题，我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。

5.句型。这类错误主要涉及:

①动词句型。主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如: find it neccessary todo sth./spend sometime(in)doing sth./make sb.do sth./leave sth.to sb./be seen to do/doing sth.等。

②传统句型。即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:

a)省略句型。如:While watch TV，they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire!Fire!”(watch →watching)

b)动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: This is no good arguing with him.(This→It)

We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.(that→it)

在复合宾语中，有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语，但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如:

The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.(to make→making)Know only the rules is not enough.(Knows→Knowing或To know)

6.语气、语态、时态。这类错误在数量上所占比例极少，主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。

四)其他语法方面的错误

1.词性。涉及:①名词与动词的误用。如: approval——approve，sale——sell ②名词与形容词的误用。如: medicine——medical/ medicinal，emotion——emotional③形容词与副词的误用。如: high——highly，mere——merely这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。如: feel badly→feel bad，grow uneasily→grow uneasy

2.代词。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及:

①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。

②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用;

③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如:find this important to preview the lesson(这里的this应改为形

式宾语it)。

④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用;somone/sombody、everyone/everybody被误用作复数指代;some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。

3.名词的数。这类错误主要涉及:①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆;②需用复数时误用单数;③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如: find a work→find a job 2 womandoctors→2 women doctors these phenomenon→these phenomena

英语六级考试—改错技巧和注意事项

短文改错（Error Correction）属主观题型，要求考生在15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。

一、改错形式有以下三类: 1.错词（words mistaken）。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2.缺词（words missing）。在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。

3.多词（words redundant）。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。

二、短文改错的命题考点： 一）上下文语义方面的错误

1.反义词。这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有:①派生反义词。如: encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等。②互补性反义词。如: dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等。③换位性反义词。如: buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等。④相对性反义词。如: easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等。⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。

2.连接性词语。连接性词语虽属传统的语法题，但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括: ①并列连词。如: and，but，for，or等。②主从连词。这类词较多，如: because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等。③连接性副词。如: however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等。④连接性介词。如: because of，despite，besides，instead of等。二）用法搭配方面的错误

1.介词。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是考生最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破，考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中，请注意从以下几个方面辨认。①介词与动词的搭配。如: accuse sb.of，charge sb.with，prevent sb.from，prohibit sb.from，differ from，contribute to等。②介词与名词的搭配。如: count on，influence on，improve on，belief in，confidence in，advantage over，preference over，attitude to，solution to等。③介词与形容词的搭配。如: different from，indifferent to，dependent on，independent of，guilty of，innocent of，persistent in，proficient in等。

④由介词引起的短语。如: in contrast，in turn，in the long run，by means of，in terms of，on good/bad terms with，on the contrary，by chance，by turns等。

2.成语。短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语，尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。①介词错误。如: take pride for（→in），abide to（→by），persist on（→in），have no ear to（→for）等。②冠词错误。如: in the contrast（in contrast），all of sudden（all of a sudden），keep a pace with（keep pace with）等。③名词单复数。如: take turn（take turns），make friend with（make friends with），keep/break one's words（keep/ break one's word）等。三）动词方面的错误

这方面的错误主要涉及: 1.分词。主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如: a puzzled question→a puzzling question

an exciting girl→an excited girl

2.系动词。

①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如: The meal smells badly.→The meal smells bad.②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid，alive，aware，conscious，guilty，worth等。

3.动词的及物与不及物。改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词（缺介词），或及物动词被误用作不及物动词（多介词）。前者如: complain the bad service there（应加of）后者如: consider of his suggestion（应删of）4.短语动词。主要是带介词或副词的短语动词，常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题，我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。5.句型。这类错误主要涉及: ①动词句型。主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如: find it neccessary to do sth./spend sometime（in）doing sth./make sb.do sth./leave sth.to sb./be seen to do/doing sth.等。②传统句型。即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类: a）省略句型。如:

While watch TV，they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire!Fire!”（watch →watching）

b）动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: This is no good arguing with him.（This→It）

We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.（that→it）

在复合宾语中，有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语，但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如:

The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.（to make→making）Know only the rules is not enough.（Knows→Knowing或To know）

6.语气、语态、时态。这类错误在数量上所占比例极少，主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。

四）其他语法方面的错误

1.词性。涉及:①名词与动词的误用。如: approval——approve，sale——sell ②名词与形容词的误用。如: medicine——medical/ medicinal，emotion——emotional③形容词与副词的误用。如: high——highly，mere——merely

这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。如: feel badly→feel bad，grow uneasily→grow uneasy

2.代词。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及: ①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。

②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用;③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如:

find this important to preview the lesson（这里的this应改为形式宾语it）。

④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用;somone/sombody、everyone/everybody被误

用作复数指代;some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。

3.名词的数。这类错误主要涉及:①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆;②需用复数时误用单数;③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如: find a work→find a job 2 woman doctors→2 women doctors these phenomenon→these phenomena

4.冠词。主要为:①该用冠词时漏用;②不该用冠词时赘用;③the与a/ an误用;④a与an混用。如: tell truth→tell the truth give a rise to→give rise to a“s”sign→an“s”sign

5.主谓一致。这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中，要特别小心。常见以下几种情况: ①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:

The child，being taken care of by its grandparents，are deaf and mute.（are →is）②倒装句:

Standing in a line along the corridor is3groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.（is→are）③定语从句:

The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.（were→was）④特殊句型:

There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.（第一个are→is）

6.形容词、副词及其比较级。形容词和副词的错误设计主要为:①两者的词性混淆;②比较级错误。前者已在前面词性部分论及，后者主要涉及比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。如:

My first daughter's eyes are a little larger than my second daughter.（→second daughter's）五）近形近义类错误

1.近形。主要指在拼写上容易混淆的单词。如:

adapt-adopt，crash-crush，confirm-conform，desert-dessert，formal-former，ingenious-ingenuous，instance-instant，personal-personnel，principal-principle，stationary-stationery等。2.近义。主要指词义概念相近的词。如:

besides-except，doubt-suspect，discover-invent，efficient-effective，noise-voice

3.近形近义。主要指词义概念和拼写上都容易相混的单词。这类错误比近形或近义较多见，相对难度也略大，这样的单词有:

across-cross，affect-effect，econimic-economical，emigrate-immigrate，historic-historical，continual-continuous，assure-ensure-insure-sure，late-later-lately-latest-latter，medical-medicinal，rise-arise-raise-arouse，technique-technology等。

三、解题方法 1.三步法解题:（1）通读全文，了解全文大意和主题;（2）找错并改正;（3）通读全文，核对检验。

2.在短文改错过程中，还须遵循以下步骤:（1）在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置;（2）确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误;（3）在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误（注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词）;（4）注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误;（5）若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。例：

One major decision which faces the American student ready to begin higher education is

the choice of attending a large university or a small college.The large university

(provides wide range of specialized departments,as well numerous)1.____

courses within such departments.The small college，(therefore，generally provides a limited number of)2.____(courses and specializations but offer a better student-faculty)3.____(ratio,thus permit individualized attention to students.)4.____ Because of its large student body（often exceeding 20,000）(consisting in many people from different countries,)5.____ the university exposes its students to many different(culture，social and out-of-calss programmes.On the other)6.____ hand，the smaller，more homogeneous（同类的）student

(body of the big college affords greater opportunities in)7.____

such activities.Finally，the university closely approximates

(the real world and which provides a relaxed，impersonal，)8.____ and sometimes anonymous（隐姓埋名的）existence.On

(the contrast,the intimate atmosphere of the small college)9.____

allows the student four years of structural living in which

(to expect and preparing for the real world.In making his)10.____ choice among educational institutions the student must，therefore，consider a great many factors.这是一篇比较综合性大学与一般学院的不同特点的说明文，从学生入学前对两类大学的选择这个角度阐述，以比较对照方式展开，共三个要点:①课程设置;②学生的社会、文化活动;③生活环境与气氛。

把握了短文的这些内容和特点后，我们应预测到短文中有较多互为反义的词语。可在改错时多加关注，现逐题解析如下: 71.as well→as well as，缺词题。属固定短语，as well as是连接性介词短语，as well可能出现在名词短语前。72.therefore→however，错词题。连词错误，这题位于短文的第一个要点:课程设置方面两类大学的不同，要用到表示对照关系的转折词。

73.offer→offers，句子结构方面的错误。动词offer通过连词but与provides平行，同时受主语The small college支配。

74.permit→permitting，动词非谓语形式同时又是句子结构方面的错误。这里的permit与上一行的offer在句子结构上相互干扰，使不少考生陷入圈套，但如果两者在同一句法层次上的话，则permit前必须有并列连词，因为它是并列中的最后一项（语法规则:多项并列之最后两项之间必须有并列连词），由此可知两动词不是并列关系，连接性副词thus（或hence）前若没有并列连词，则其后面的动词一定是用现在分词，表示结果。

75.consisting in→consisting of，短语动词及介词搭配。根据上下文语义，这里应是“由…组成”而不是“在于”，故应当是consist of。

76.culture→cultural，并列结构与词性错误。上下文语义应是“使学生接触许多不同的文化、社会和课外活动”。77.big→small，反义词。根据上下文，显然college属于小的学院。

78.删去and或which，多词题。句子结构及定语从句方面的错误。which 前有and，表示前面还必须有一与之并列的定语从句，但没有。故删去and，使which从句作real world的定语:让真实世界（作provides的逻辑主语）提供学生一种轻松的、非人格的、有时几乎是隐姓埋名的生活方式。或删去which，使provides与approximates并列。根据语义，这一改法比删去and更合逻辑。但两种改法都不算错。

79.On the contrast→On the contrary，固定短语用词错误。这题好多考生把介词On改成了In，主要想到了短词in contrast，但不能同时再删the，故无法以这一方式改动。

80.preparing→prepare，平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注:同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改作prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必

第二篇：大学英语六级短文改错解题技巧解读

大学英语六级短文改错解题技巧

新六级考试“改错的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。改错中的很多错误其实就是很多学生在平时写作时经常犯的错误。短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查。改错形式：

1、错词（words mistaken）。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词（change a

word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2、缺词（words missing）。在标有题号的一行的任何位置缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。

3、多词（words redundant）。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。做题步骤：

一、先通读全文

认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。

二、综合运用所学语言知识

根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。

三、验证答案

改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去，但在上下文中却只能在一处修改。应试技巧： 1.做改错题时应先用快读的方法通读全文，对文章有个大致的了解。细读出现 10 个错误的所在行，看有没有出现语法错误和词汇错误。如果通过细读确认没有语法错误和词汇错误，那就把细读扩大到该行上下各二、三行，有时甚至要联系该行所在的自然段，这时的重点必须转移到对文章的理解上来，从上下文的关系找出连接关系和逻辑关系的前后矛盾的错误。4.一般来说，一份标准的改错题，从改错的三种方式来说应该是以改换原词为主，约占 60% ～ 70%，以去掉原文的词和加词为辅，约占 30% ～ 40%;从三种错误所占比例来看，语法和词汇为 7 ～ 8 个，而上下文逻辑错误为 2 ～ 3 个。错误类型：

1、名词错误

最近比较经常考查名词的错误的是关于名词的单复数问题和可数与不可数名词的混用。如样题中63题将percents改为percent, 68题中将woman改为women。

2、冠词错误

对于冠词的考查，主要是单数名词前面一定要有一个冠词来修饰。定冠词the的多余 或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the, a, an的混用。

注意，判断一个词的前面加a还是an不是看其首字母是不是元音字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如an hour, an honest boy ,其首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开始，故用an，而a useful book, a university, a European, a one-hour trip，虽然以元音字母开始，但却读作辅音音素的音，故用a。

3、数词错误

主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred,写作seven hundreds.4、指代错误

主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。

在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。如样题中62题将it改成they，因为它指代的是前面的复数名词papers。

5、介词错误

这是改错中最常见的一种错误，主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。当然这也包括一些用法搭配上的错误，这种错误在历年的考试当中出现的频率非常高。

如样题中69题将from改成in,因为result from意思是“发生”，前果后因，而result in是“导致”的意思，前因后果。做对这类题目最重要的是平常的积累，尤其是一些动词词组的搭配，虽然在词汇部分出现的已经很少了，但有可能在改错题中出现，当然这占的比重并不是很大，所以大家平常在英语学习当中适当注意即可。

6、动词错误

时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；接从句需要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接ing形式的接了to, 或相反等。如00年6月真题的76题考查的就是时态，综观短文，全部用过去时态，因而前后应该一致。

7、主谓不一致

产生这种错误的主要原因是没有找对句子的主语，英语追求形式上的完美，所以有时候句子的结构非常复杂，这也是为什么我们一直强调难句分析在英语复习中的重要性。句子的结构一般是“主谓宾”或“主系表”，正确地找出各个句子成分对于阅读也

是非常有帮助的。如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。

8、非谓语动词错误

非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、动名词和分词。其中分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，其特点是：不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为“非谓语动词”的原因。这也是在四六级考试改错中常见的错误。

9、形容词与副词错误

这类错误一般是形容词与副词的误用，形容词一般用来修饰名词，而副词可以修饰动词和形容词，往往出题者就会把该用副词的地方误用为形容词。

10、连接词误用

连接词的错误虽然是属于传统的语法题范畴，但其用法主要根据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，也就是上下文的理解。连接词有很多种，有并列连词，如and, but, or等，主从连词，如because, if, after等，以及其他连接介词和副词，如however, despite等。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反。曾经考查过的题目有00年6月的73题，将as改为than，这

考查的是比较连词的搭配，根据上一行中之more即可确定改as为than。

11、关系词的误用

这一类错误主要是针对定语从句的，读者可以找一本语法书对定语从句做个回顾复习。这几年考题中出现的错误有00年1月六级真题的79题中在定语从句中多了一个they，应该划去。

12、反义词误用

这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是比较有特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并改正。比较常见的错误有：

a、派生反义词

如00年1月六级真题的72题将directly改为indirectly。这类错误通常是否定前缀的应用。希望大家能对否定前缀重视起来。

b、其他反义词

如样题中65题将subjective(主观的)改成objective(客观的)，70题将majority(大多数)改成minority(少数)，这种反义词的误用比派生反义词更要难些，一般需要透彻理解上下文才能完成。

13、并列结构

像有or或and连接的一般是并列结构，前后的形式一般来说应该是一样的，如样题中64题将maintain改成maintaining, 与and前的hiring相并列。

14、固定用法的错误

样题中71题将with改成as, as a result是一个固定搭配。改错的7大核心考点： 1.并列结构

这主要是指由and或or连接的几个并列成分在形式上必须保持一致.这一考点在历年六级改错中出现频率相当高,同学们要给予相当的重视.(1)At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in(改成that,同位语从句)our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.(07年1月新六级改错

第6题)这里的writing显然与think和analyze并列,因此应该用同样的形式,所以应该改成write.(2)Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect(去掉an,固定介词搭配)，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment.(06年6月六级改错第4题)这里的lazy应该与stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此该用名词形式laziness.(3)Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.(06年1月六级改错第7题)通过and将restrict和listing联系起来表示并列关系,所以listing应该用原形list.(4)How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you?(04年6月六级改错第9题)这里的smiles和laugh肯定应该用同样的形式,而前面的a person又提示我们该使用第三人称单数,所以将laugh改成laughs.(5)Most experts believe this can continue even as if(去掉as,这里的even if表示即使)the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons.(04年1月六级改错第6题)同样,这里的politics应该改成political和economic, environmental并列。(6)Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems and more seeds.(04年1月六级改错第9题)few应该与more形成对应,所以应改成比较级形式fewer.2.A--A型错误

所谓A--A型错误,就是指六级改错命题经常将形容词(adjective)与副词

(adverb)混淆.这时我们的任务就是将文中的形容词换成它的副词形式,或将副词换成形容词：(1)Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but “hard fun”----a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative engagement.(07年1月老六级改错第10题)我们都知道make sth.possible, possible做为宾语补足语，那用被动语态就是sth be made possible,所以这里的possibly应该改成possible.(2)Mass literacy is a relative new social goal.(06年6月六级改错第九题)显然这里表示“相对地”意思,因此要将relative改成它的副词形式relatively.注意:relative改成relatively不是第一次出现了，在04年1月的改错题中也出现过。(3)A good CV is your passport to an interview and, ultimate, to the job you want.(06年1月六级改错第二题)ultimate在两个逗号之间，肯定得用副词形式ultimately.(4)She says efforts are continuing to complete end the disease.(05年1月六级改错第三题)complete要改成副词形式completely修饰动词end。(5)The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five years.(05年1月六级改错第九题)可以看出这里freely想表示“免费的”意思,所以应该改成形容词形式free.(5)Culture is essentially to our humanness.(0 4年6月六级改错第8题)be essential to是一个固定搭配,表示“对...很重要”,所以essentially应该换成形容词essential.(6)Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like pres-ent-day Somalia…(04年1月第三题)显然应该用副词relatively来修饰动词过去分词isolated,表示“相对隔绝的”。注意:A--A题错误有一种变体题型A—N.所谓A—N题型, 就是指A(adjective)与N(noun)之间的混淆,举例如下：(1)Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri-can public.(07年1月新六级第十题)“在国内舞台”应该是on a national stage,在这里名词nation要改成它的形容词形式national。(2)Understanding the original of the negative attit-udes towards science may help us to modify them.(07年1月老六级第四题)表示“起源”显然要用名词形式origin,这里用形容词original是错误的。3.逻辑错误 这种错误一般得根据上下文判断得出,分析这么多年六级改错的逻辑错误,答案无一例外都是将文中某个用错的词(很多情况下是一个形容词)改成它的反义词或添上一个否定词,这里要求同学们掌握一些常用的否定词缀,如in-,un-等等,因为有的形容词加上否定词缀就变成了它的反义词,举例如下:(1)the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected to desirable activities that…(07年1月新六级改错第七题)desirable>undesirable(2)The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient.(07年1月老六级改错第八题)efficient> inefficient.本题中efficient和laborious与boring并列,根据并列成分意思一致原则,也可以推断出这里的efficient应该换成它的反义词.(3)But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing

how to read well and understand increasingly complex material.(06年6月六级改错第十题)with>without.这里句子主语用了no one表示否定,而整个句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一个否定词without与no one构成双重否定表示肯定。(4)Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance, regardless of what’s in it.(06年1月六级改错第三题)acceptance>rejection(5)the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history.(04年6月六级改错第六题)unfamiliar>familiar(6)Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world’s food crisis has remained just around the corner.(04年1月六级改错第四题)good>poor/bad(7)Get someone to check for spelling and grammatical errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake.(06年1月六级改错第6题)根据上下文,这里应该表示“不能挑出每个错误”，所以在pick up之前要加上否定词not.4.-ing型与-ed型改错题

此类题一般是动词后面少了ing或ed,这种题经常出现,值得注意。-ing型改错题分两种情况:(1)介词后面或某些动词后面跟着的动词需要使用该动词的-ing形式(2)用一个逗号将一个动词与其逻辑主语分开,该动词需要用-ing分词形式,举例如下：(1)The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records….(07年1月新六级改错第三题)这里的demand应该改成demanding,bar/stop/prevent sth from doing为固定搭配,介词from后面的动词必须使用其-ing形式。(2)As a result, too many kids passed through school without master the printed page.(06年6月六级改错第1题)介词后面跟的动词通常都要加-ing形式,所以这里的master应该改成mastering.(3)Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.(06年1月六级改错第4题)avoid后面跟动词要加-ing,所以end改成ending.(4)This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease.(05年1月 六级改错第8题)一个逗号将depend on和其逻辑主语this modern treatment分开,因此depend要用其现在分词形式depending.(5)Culture refers to the social heritage of a people----the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.(04年6月六级改错第一题)和上一题一样,这里的include同样得用分词形式including.-ed型改错:(1)If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting…(06年1月六级改错第九题)这里的one指代前文的photo,我们都知道照相用take a photo,所以这里的one和take应该表示被动关系,所以应该用take的过去分词taken做后置定语。(2)The rule here is to keep it factual and truthful-----exaggerations usually get find out.(06年1月六级改错第10题)表示“被发现”显然要用过去分词found out.注意:-ed型改错从本质上说就是要能发现动词与其逻辑主语的关系,动词是施动者,而其逻辑主语接收动词发出的动作.这和被动语态实际上是

一个道理,下面举几个被动语态的题:(1)The day the NEA report released….(07年1月新六级改错第2题)这个报告被发表,所以在report和released之间要加上was.(2)Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well-----and not getting help.(06年6月六级改错第6题)受到影响显然要用被动语态,所以affecting要改成过去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改错命题专家比较偏爱的一个词,在05年1月的改错中考查了effect与affect的区别,大家对这个词要好好掌握。(3)The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.(05年1月六级第10题)这里的the countries作为逻辑主语,与后面的动词threaten成被动关

系,而且后面句子的形式threatened by leprosy也提示我们这里应该在threate-ned的前面加上系动词are.5.单复数错误与主谓不一致错误 这个考点在六级改错中出现的也很频繁,同学们对这种错误也比较熟悉,做题时一定得仔细观察句子的主语：(1)Most education system neglect exploration, under-standing and reflection.(07年1月老六级第五题)句子的主语是education system，而前面的most和后面的neglect都提示我们这里主语应该是个复数,所以将system改成systems.(2)There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep under-standing of science in an enjoyable way.(07年1月老六级第九题)这里facilitates前面跟的主语是resources and methods of teaching,主语是复数,所以根据主谓一致原则,要把facilitates改成facilitate。(3)New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of frustration and failure.(06年6月六级改错第8题)表示“多年的沮丧与失败”是一个复数的概念,因此要把year改成years.(4)physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs.(04年6月六级改错第三题)这里的主语是physical object，也就是后面的那么些东西,因为不止一样东西,所以object得用复数形式objects.(5)There is no guarantee that plant breeders can cont-inue to develop new, higher-yielding crop…(04年1月六级改错第10题)在形容词前没有不定冠词,所以可以认为这里的crop表示一个复数概念,因此用crops.6.指代错误与冠词错误 同单复数一样,解指代错误题也要关注指代的对象到底是单数还是复数:(1)During the 1980s’ culture wars, school systems across the country pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by parents and teachers to be inappropriate.(07年1月新六级改错第9题)这里its指代前面的some books，所以物主代词应该是their而不是its.(2)As a result, children memorize processes such asmathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards.(07年1月六级改错第7题)，容易发现it指代前面的processes，因为是复数,所以该用复数的宾格them.(3)At same time(06年6月六级改错第七题)地球人都知道的at the same time是固定短语。(4)in first paragraph(06年1月六级改错第一题)序数词前面要加the，这是初中的知识。(5)a number of leprosy cases around the world has

been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years.(05年1月六级改错第一题)表示数量多少应该用the number of(6)The fast-growing population’s demand for food,they warned, would soon exceed their supply…(04年1月六级改错第二题)这里的their指代population，而人口是一个单数的概念,所以物主代词要用its.7.介词短语的考查 分析这几年的改错,这一考点几乎成了每次考试必考的

知识点,但这个得靠各位的基本功了,因为事先无法知道要考查哪个介词短语.不过看看这几年考过的介词短语搭配,我们可以发现其实都是一些最基本的,不会出现生僻的:in every region, owe…to, in detail, in effect, for the reason, cause damage to, deal with, for instance.除此之外,强调句，同位语从句，定语从句，名词性从句以及时态和一些连词也常出现在六级的改错中。(2)Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment.(06年6月六级改错第4题)Most experts believe this can continue even as if(去掉as,这里的even if表示即使)the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons.(04年1月六级改错第6题)1

第三篇：短文改错

短文改错

高考英语短文改错题要求考生判断一篇短文中十行(自1995年以来)文字是否有错，如果有错误就将其改正。

此题型旨在测试考生发现、判断并改正短文中错误的能力，以及考查考生准确运用词法、句法、行文逻辑等的综合能力。

本题型侧重考查考生的词汇和语法基础知识，但并不是单纯的知识检测，而是考查考生在阅读的过程中运用语法知识解决实际问题的能力。

纵观近几年高考短文改错，不难发现其设题方式比较固定：正确为1个，多词或缺词共计3个，错词为6个，其比例为1：3:6。

下面引用近几年的高考题来分析一下此题的三种错误类型：多词、缺词和错词。

一、多词

1.多冠词

(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可数名词，且catch sight of是固定搭配，意为“看见”。

(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】，am为不可数名词，泛指时前面不用冠词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。

Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food，and„

(2)与by连用的交通工具及air，land，sea等名词前不用冠词。

by bike骑自行车，by sea由海路，乘船

(3)有些名词(如school，class，hospital，church，prison，bed，table，town等)与相应介词连用，表示进行和这些词直接相关的活动时，前不用冠词。

___ _去上学，_______坐牢，_______在吃饭

(4)球类运动、棋类游戏前，不用冠词。

___ _打篮球，_______下棋

(5)mo。t副词作“非常”解时，前面不用定冠词the。

She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。

(6)。或though引导让步状语从句，构成倒装结构，前置的单数名词前不用任何冠词。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他只是孩子，知道的却很多。

2.多介词

(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL

(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作时间状语的名词短语前多了介词。

(4)„but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意为“谈到„„”，是及物动词短语，后须接介词宾语，但根据本句语境，此处不必接宾语，故去掉about。

【知识拓宽】

(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面不用介词。

(2)有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中却是及物动词，由于受汉语影响，可能多一个介词。

serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(画线介词多余)

(3)有些表示地点的副词，其意义中已包含to，如果再加to，则多余。

on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(画线介词均多余)

(4)有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词，构成复合介词，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。同样，有些动词短语是“动词十介词”结构，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。

①If you won’t go，I'll go instead of.(画线介词多余)

②She listened to but heard nothing(画线介词多余)

(5)有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时，须加一个介词，但接从句时，必须去掉介词。

①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(画线介词多余)

②I am sorry for that he won't come(画线介词多余)

3.词义重叠

(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them这一时间状语从句后再用often显得重复，应去掉。

(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意为“整个周末”，再加上all，词义重叠。

【知识拓宽】

(1)有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠。

return back回来，repeat again重复，flee away逃走，enter into进入，blue color蓝色，stop down停下来，raiseup举起来，unpack open打开

(2)定语从句中的一个名词，已由关系代词取代，再用其替代词是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week

(3)单音节的形容词或副词比较等级加-er.-est，多音节加more、most，但二者不能同时重叠使用。

As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出现冗言现象

(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修饰visit，visit此处为名词，意为“我的第一次访问”，time多余。

(2)Now I can't watch much television,but„【解析】根据上下文，此处应是“我根本不能看电视”，因此受汉语影响，多了much，造成冗言。

【知识拓宽】

(1)状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。

①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。

①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②„in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。

Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)从属连词后多一个that。

She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)复合宾语前多一个that。

I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多词

(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此处属于used to do与be used to两个固定搭配的误用，应去掉was，取“过去常常”之意。

(2)„in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”，而any other意为“任何别的„„”，与本文上下文不符。

6.行文逻辑上多词First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事，故只能说something，而不能加more。

二、缺词

1.名词前缺限定词

(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此处应加上the，特指“球队的队长”。

(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根据上下文分析，此处English teacher是有所指的，指的是“我的”英语老师，故加上my，表达一个更确切的概念。

(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time为固定搭配，意为“祝某人玩得愉快”。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在“so+形容词十可数名词单数”结构中，名词前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定时，前面不能缺a，意为“一些”。

如a little water，但是“每隔几分钟”应说成every fewminutesa

(3)有些不可数名词(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等)，表示“一种”“一个“一份”时，应加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏复数”表示一家人时，the不能省。

The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“两者之中比较„„的一个”时，比较级前应加the。

He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词，如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。

When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺动词不定式符号to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加动词，需加to，构成固定搭配“would like to do”，意为“想做„„”。

(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的状语，不定式符号to不可省。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不定式作后置定语，不定式符号to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to

(2)-般说来，两个实义动词不能并列使用，中间常用to连接。

①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to

②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to

(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等动词变成被动结构时，充当主语补足语的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work

(4)为了避免重复前面的动词，后面的不定式常常省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to

3.缺系动词

(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China：.'were【解析】eager为形容词，必须加系动词构成系表结构。

(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺谓语动词，应加is。

(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do结构，根据上下文，必须加上系动词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)由于受汉语语法规则的影响，有些形容词作表语时，常常缺少系动词。

She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被动结构中，由于缺少助动词，变成了主动语态，造成错误。

„and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介词(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of为固定短语，意为“而非，而不是”，后接宾语。

(2)„but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定习语，意为“许多，大量”，后加宾语。

【知识拓宽】

改错题对介词的考查，重点是一些固定搭配，再如：

WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for，因此，同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。

5.缺连词In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺连词而造成句子成分残缺，只有加上why，句子的意义才完整。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在汉语中，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但在英语中却不行。

It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and

(2)受母语影响，几个同类词并列连用时，它们之间往往缺一连词。

CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引导同位语从句的连词that，when等常不可省。

(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if，even though，as if'as though等短语中，第二个连词不能少。

He walks as if/though he were drunk

三、错词

1.可数名词单复数误用

(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question

(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)„so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___

(6)„and many happy return of the day_____

(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知识拓宽】

对名词单复数的考查是高考的热点之一，几乎每年考查一处。因此，为了对名词错误判断准确，应该：

(1)弄清名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。

We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water

(2)掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则。

There are branch library in many villages libraries

(3)要熟练运用名词的所有格。

2.时态误用

(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had

(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned

(3)I was a member of our school football team am

(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was

(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed

(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知识拓宽】

动词时态是短文改错考查的热点之一，一般说来每年考查一处，而且近几年高考主要考查现在时与过去时的使用，再如：I had an examination on Monday moming.have

3.非谓语动词误用

(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive

(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing

(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing

(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知识拓宽】

(1)由以上考例可见，v.-mg形式作主语、宾语或状语是考查的热点。

CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning

(2)过去分词与现在分词的区别是另一考查热点。此时重点要看分词与主语或逻辑主语的关系。

①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②„but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被动语态中的过去分词误用成动词原形。

Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好动词不定式带to与不带to的差异。

(5)有些动词后接不定式，有些动词后接动名词，应分别牢记这些动词。

4.主谓不一致

(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives

(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知识拓宽】

(1)谓语动词的单复数一般取决于前面主语的单复数。

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs

(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一，either.or..-等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应采取就近一致原则。

(3)There be结构中，谓语动词也应采取就近一致原则。

But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are

(4)注意把集合名词(如family，class，team等)和不定代词(如all，none等)放在具体语境中，判断其谓语动词的单复数。

5.代词不一致

(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their

(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知识拓宽】

(1)根据上下文判断，出现了代词不一致。

①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe

(2)倾向于考查学生对不定代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的掌握与运用能力。

And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me

(3)人称代词性别上的误用也是常见的错误形式之一。

6.连词误用

(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it为形式主语，whether l would win or not是真正的主语，意为“我是否能赢”。

(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意为：看起来我的父母亲把我当成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者为选择关系而非并列关系，故将and改为or。

(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此处应是并列或因果关系，而非转折关系。

【知识拓宽】

(1)正确掌握各连词的含义及其在从句中的应用。

①„because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if

(2)熟练应用表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系的连词：and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However

(3)弄清whether和if的含义及用法区别。

„and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if

7.关系代词与关系副词误用

I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此处是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which作主语。

【知识拓宽】

(1)正确区分关系代词之间的区别，尤其是that和which的区别。

„in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which

(2)正确区分关系代词与关系副词的区别，并掌握它们的用法。

However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where

8.词性误用

(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句应该用名词importance作动词teach的直接宾语。

(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此处应该用副词unfortunately作状语，意为“不幸的是”。

(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem为系动词，后面应接形容词作表语。

【知识拓宽】

词性误用指的是动词与名词混淆，副词与形容词混淆等。这就要求我们在平时学习中重视词性及各类词在句中的基本功能。再如：

I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful

9.限定词误用

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American为元音音素开头的单词，故应用部定冠词 an

(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof，„the【解析】same意为“同样的”，前面应加定冠词the。

10.近义词混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里的人。，而home则侧重指“家庭的所在地”。因此，“在家里”应用athome。

【知识拓宽】

在英语中，有许多同义词、近义词和反义词，在平时学习中应抓好基础，牢记每一个词的基本含义。再如：.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come总之，平时学习中应加强对基础知识的积累，熟练掌握高考词汇、基本词法、句法，同时还应加强阅读能力的训练。因为，较快的阅读速度、较好的语感和牢固的基础知识是做好短文改错的重要前提。平时训练短文改错时，不应只是为了做题而做题，而应善于总结、摸索答题的规律。

参考答案

一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess

三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes

第四篇：经典短文改错

动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副，物ing,修人用ed。遇连词，必停住，多词少词须关注，介词冠词占多数，固定搭配非谓语，反身代时主宾同。短文改错错不错，每句至少改一个。

1.The day is my dad’s birthday.This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and hesitated for 犹豫(v)a moment,and then offered my seat to her.The old lady thanked me a lot and sat [be] ready to help others in the future.2.Two years ,I travelled to BT and Ia car.Unfortunate[~ly],I had an accident and hit another car,and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two Iaway,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore,I told them stories and how I was enjoying BT.As a result,nobody knew[the] truth.I still think that it was the righ thing to do.3.The world is not only hungry,but also 渴的(adj).this may strange,since nearly 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Man and most of the animals can only drink and use the 10% of the water---fresh water.The need for water is day by day.Only when steps are taken to deal with this problem immediate [~ly],can we avoid a serve worldwide water shortage短缺(n)later on.One of the first [is]to develop ways to reuse to a water purifying it can be separated from waste matters and treated with 4.[2012唐山is a sick friend,or attend a wedding or[a] birthday party.I still remember one day last year when Tom,a disabled some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude.He life to his mother’s patient was finally admitted to a key university.’hurt.With tears in her eyes,she could do nothing butfor help.Zhang li ran “take it easy”he said.Then he sent her to a nearby hospital.That[it] was not long before the girl’6.Mr.smith had an 8-year-old son named tony,who enjoyed listening to music very much.So he a [for]Tony,hoping that he could become [a] famous pianist one day.The little boy into the piano day after day and seemd to enjoy if you don’tAttend v.出席，到场，参加bleed n.血 v.流血handkerchief n.手绢，纱布，丝绸confidence n.自信，信心

第五篇：短文改错

短文改错

（一）I am interested at swimming very much.At first, I went swimming just to keep health.Now my dream was to swim for my country in the Olympics.Though practicing in the pool is very bored, but I still work very hard in order to realize my dream.Because my hard work, I have already come first in much important competitions.In the competitions, I’ve made lot of friends and we’re very close.It’s much easier to have friends which are swimmers because they also have to get up early to practice like you and they understand this kind of life.短文改错

（二）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later.Tony saw parents.Mom said,” How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.短文改错

（三）Last summer vacation, I went on a school trip with mine classmates.We visited a farm in a countryside.We took a bus for a while, and then we walked here.We saw a lot of different kinds trees and villages along the way.Some farmers were worked hard in the farm when we arrived.One of the farmer showed us around, introducing differently crops to us.We fed chickens, picked some green apples and took up many beautiful photos.It was really interesting and at the same time, I learned a lot about farming.What an excited school trip!

短文改错

（四）I’ve been playing baseball for six year and I’m the only girl on an all-boys baseball team.Our strict coach wants us do our best when we are playing.So it’s not always about winning.He also tells us to just smile and enjoyed ourselves.I take advice he gives me and bring them to my game.Some people say girls can’t play baseball.Hear that doesn’t get me mad.Instead, it makes me play more harder.I want to be knew for being a good player, not just for being the only girl on the team.If you’re a girl who want to play ball, just play you heart out!

短文改错

（五）My uncle drove his car meet his friends.When he found there was still some time leaving before the train had arrived, he wanted to take a short sleep.He was falling sleep when a woman came and asked him the time.He opened his eye and answered, “Half past eight.” With a “Thank you!” a woman left.On a short while this happened again.So my uncle wrote “I don’t know the time” on a piece of paper and put them on the window of the car.A few minutes late, an old man came and woke him up, “Hi, young man.I can tell you that time it is.It’s nine o’clock now.”

短文改错

（六）When I began my senior high school years, I had difficulty to learning English.I dared not speak English in the public because of my poor pronounce.I could not get high marks, but I always used bad grammar.Afraid of be laughed at, I never put up my hand answer questions in class.When my English teacher Miss Li learned about this, she encouraged me and lend me a hand, that helped improve my English.With her help, I became interest in English and finally got high marks.Miss Li, like a shining star, shines on her path to success.短文改错

（七）Dear Tim, How time flies!It has been a month since you go to America.What is everything going? Next weekend I will take part in a national English speaking competition to be holding in Shanghai.It will be a good chance to improve your English and make friends with students from other part of China.But right now I’m not sure that I can remember all the words for a competition.Anyway, I will hope I can get a good result.I am looking forward seeing you again and hope we can have a true great time then.Yours, Li Hua

短文改错

（八）As a service dog, Sandy’s job is help manage a medical condition I have.My condition can be dangerously.When something bad happen, Sandy will tell my parents immediately.Of course, I help take care of Sandy, too.I feed him, walk him, but even take him just about everywhere I go.If I don’t bring Sandy to me, he will get upset.Once he stays with my grandparents for a few hours while my parents and I went to the beach.Sandy was upset in the whole time.He never stopped look for me.When I got home, he was such happy that he rushed to me.I love his dog very much.4