第一篇：002-名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句的用法(2018-08-02)
名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句的用法，今天接着跟大家分享表语从句的用法。
一、何谓“表语”？
说到表语从句，就不得不先说说什么是“表语”。
表语是英语区别于汉语所特有的一种词类，是起表述作用的句子成分： 从形式上讲，它是位于系动词之后的成分；
从含义上讲，它是用来描述主语“是什么或是怎么样”的成分。
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语必须和系动词一起构成系表结构，作为句子的复合谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、形容词化的现在分词或过去分词以及从句来充当。
二、何谓“表语从句”？
当句子的表语由从句来充当时，这个从句就叫做表语从句。表语从句一般都是位于系动词之后的。
三、表语从句的连接词
常用来引导表语从句的连接词主要有：
That whether what/who/whom/whose/which when/where/why/how及其短语
（一）that: 当that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，不在表语从句中充当任何句子成分。如： His advice is that we should leave for Shanghai before dawn.Her plan is that she will call the police first and then try to stop the thief from running away.【注意】当名词主语是表示建议、命令、要求等含义（如advice、order、idea、notion、proposal、suggestion、request等）时，其表语从句中的谓语动词一般要采用“should+do”的形式，should可以省略。如：
The officer's order was that all the soldiers(should)never surrender to the enemy.（二）whether 当表语从句要表达“是否”的含义时，连接词要用whether。如： His question is whether they can arrive in London on time.需要注意的是，尽管if也可以表示“是否”的含义，但在表语从句中只能用whether，不能用if。
这些疑问代词如果用来连接表语从句，既起着连接作用，同时又在从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如： My concern is what he really expects to get from us.Her question is who has broken the glass.Our dilemma is which side we should take.Their worry is whom she can rely on.His puzzle is whose money it belongs to.（四）when/where/why/how及其短语
这些疑问副词如果用来连接表语从句，既起着连接作用，同时又在从句中充当句子成分，一般作状语。如：
The question is when he will show up at the party tomorrow.He remains where I was last night.That's why he was late for school this morning.Her concern is how he managed to climb into her kitchen yesterday.【注意】当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that连接，而不是because。如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first morning bus.四、表语从句的特殊连接词
除了以上常见的连接词外，还有一些特殊的连接词可以用来连接表语从句。
（一）(just)as 表示“正如”，经常与表象系动词look/seem/appear搭配使用。如： She looks just as she was ten years ago.（二）as if/though 表示“好像”，也常与表象系动词look/seem/appear搭配使用。如： It looks as if/though it's going to rain soon.【注意】
这种情况下，as if/though后面的表语从句中的谓语动词一般采用虚拟语气形式，其用法是：该谓语动词的时态要采用相应的过去时态。如：
She acts as if/though she were the hostess of this house.They looked as if/though they had lived here for a long time.（三）because 前面讲到why可以用来连接表语从句，其实because也可以用来连接表语从句。如： She is very familiar with the film.This is because she has already seen the film.【注意】
在这种情况下，尽管since/for/as都可以表示原因，但这三个词不能用来连接表语从句。
一、何谓“同位语”？ 当一个名词（或其它形式）用来限定或说明另一个名词或代词时，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。
同位语与被它修饰的词在格式上要保持一致，而且同位语一般都是紧跟所修饰的词语的。同位语与所修饰的词语关系紧密时，不用逗号隔开；同位语对其所修饰的词语只作补充解释时，可用逗号隔开。如：
1)My sister Mary will visit me tomorrow morning.2)Last Saturday, I met my old friend, James Brown.第1)句中的Mary就是my sister的同位语，第2)句中的James Brown就是my old friend的同位语，指的都是同一个人。
二、同位语的分类
（一）名词或名词短语作同位语
Jack, the mayor, will attend the meeting next Friday.句中的the mayor作Jack的同位语。
Jerry, our beloved pet dog, has lived with us for eight years.句中的our beloved pet dog作Jerry的同位语。
（二）直接引语作同位语
Now let's get down to the girl's question, “Who will take over the job?” 句中引号的直接引语就作为question的同位语。
（三）句子作同位语
I don't believe the fact that she is a spy.句中的she is a spy作the fact的同位语。
三、何谓“同位语从句”？
当一个句子用来充当某个名词或代词的同位语时，这个句子就是该名词或代词的同位语从句。同位语从句主要用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。如：
The idea that we will visit Paris next week excites every one of us.句中的同位语从句we will visit Paris next week与the idea之间就是主表关系，即同位语从句和它所修饰的成分之间其实可以用系动词连接起来。如：
The idea is that we will visit Paris next week.四、同位语从句的引导词 引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that、whether、连接代词和连接副词等。
（一）that引导的同位语从句
They are very excited to hear the news that they have won the game.The fact that he stole the money yesterday shocks us all.【注意】
1、当同位语从句所修饰的名词为表建议、命令、要求等的时，同位语从句的谓语动词呀采用“should+do”的虚拟语气形式。其中，should可以省略。如 They were faced with the demand that this tax(should)be abolished.They expressed the wish that he(should)leave the country as soon as possible.2、引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如： He picked up his luggage and gave the impression he was boarding the waiting train.句中的impression后面就省略了that。
（二）whether引导的同位语从句
当whether用来引导同位语从句时，其所修饰的名词往往是表问题或疑惑的名词。如： There is some doubt whether he will come.The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.注意：if不能引导同位语从句。
（三）连接代词引导的同位语从句
常用来引导同位语从句的连接代词有what、who、whom、whose、which等。如： I'm wondering the puzzle who has taken away my umbrella.He has no idea what time he should leave tomorrow.（四）连接副词引导的同位语从句
常用来引导同位语从句的连接副词有when、where、why、how及其-ever结构。如： She has no idea when the plane will arrive.It is a question how he managed to solve the mystery.He had no idea why she had left without saying goodbye to anyone.五、同位语从句的分隔
有时同位语从句会与其所修饰的名词分开。如：
The story goes that she has won the race many times.The rumour spread that a new governor would be appointed here.Report has it that many citizens died in the earthquake last night.The order soon came that all soldiers(should)retreat under no circumstances.由以上例句可以看出，当同位语从句与其所修饰的名词分开时，往往是因为这个名词是主句的主语，其后紧跟的是主句的谓语动词。
三、定语从句
定语从句根据从句与先行词之间的关系，可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，具体内容请点击下面蓝色的标题链接浏览：
一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法
（一）一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法
（二）一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法
（三）一、定义
用来修饰句子中的名词或代词或其短语的从句，就叫做定语从句。其实，就是拿句子来做名词、代词或是其短语的定语。如： It's a book.I bought the book yesterday.以上两句话中，都有book一词，所以可以用定语从句把两句话连起来。即： It's the book that I bought yesterday.这句话中that引导的I bought yesterday就是一个定语从句，用来修饰the book。
二、两个概念
要想学好定语从句，得先弄清楚两个基本概念，即：先行词和关系词。
（一）先行词
所谓先行词，就是指定语从句所修饰的成分。这个名称倒是挺形象的，为什么？因为先行词永远出现在定语从句的前面，总是先走一步的，呵呵！
（二）关系词 所谓关系词，就是指用来连接定语从句的词语。关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。需要注意的是，关系代词或关系副词都要在从句中充当成分的，所以是不可或缺的，尽管当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，经常可以省略（本文会继续讲到这个情况）。
我们在来看一下在第一节里出现的句子：
It's the book that I bought yesterday.句中的the book就是先行词，被后面的从句I bought yesterday所修饰。而that就是关系代词，用来连接I bought yesterday，同时又在从句作bought的宾语，而且可以省略。
定语从句的学习，其实就是有关根据先行词的特点选择合适的关系词的学习。
三、分类
按照定语从句与先行词的关系紧密与否，可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
（一）限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句对先行词起着修饰限定作用，是不可或缺的。如：
These are the apples that/which they sent us two days ago.（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句对先行词起着补充说明作用，可要可不要。非限定性定语从句都会被逗号与先行词隔开。如：
They have to walk to the South Pole, which is out of a plane's reach.【注意】
1、当先行词具有唯一性的时候，就只能采用非限定性定语从句，否则就会产生歧义或误解。如：
限定性定语从句：His wife who is now in Paris is one of my old classmates.非限定性定语从句：His wife, who is now in Paris, is one of my old classmates.因为限定性定语从句对先行词起着修饰限定作用，所以具有特指功能，所以第一句中的限定性定语从句意味着是特指他在巴黎的妻子，其潜台词就是他不只一个妻子，也许在上海或者在纽约等其他地方还有妻子。
而非限定性定语从句只对先行词起着补充说明作用，没有特指功能，所以第二句中的非限定性定语从句只是用来补充说明他的妻子现在人在巴黎这个事实。
2、that和why不能用来引导非限定性定语从句
that不能用来连接非限定性定语从句，具体的请看下一节的内容。
而why因为总是紧跟先行词reason，所以也不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。如： That's the reason why he was late for school this morning.在reason和why之间，不能插入逗号。
四、关系代词 英语里能够用来连接定语从句的关系代词主要有： that：表人或物 which：表物
who：表人（主格或宾格）whom：表人（宾格）whose：表人或物（所有格）
（一）that引导的定语从句
that引导定语从句时，其先行词既可能是人，也可能是物。如： This is the photo that I took during the trip in France.He is the man that will visit our school next week.【注意】
1、当that的先行词表物时，可以用which来替换。此外，当that在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。如： This is the photo that/which I took during the trip in France.This is the photo I took during the trip in France.句中的先行词the photo在从句I took during the trip in France中作took的宾语，所以可以省略。
2、不能用that的情况
1）当定语从句以介词开头时，一般不用that，而要用which或whom。如： This is the pet dog for which I paid five hundred pounds.She is the girl to whom I talked just now.两句话的定语从句分别以介词for和to开头，所以后面不能再用that，而要采用which和whom。
2）当先行词是that时，往往用which来替换。如： We have that which we need.此时，that which往往可以用what来替换，因此我们可以把上面的句子改为： We have what we need.3）在非限定性定语从句中。如：
错误：His aunt, that is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.正确：His aunt, who is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.3、只能用that的情况
1）当先行词为everything、all，little、much等不定代词时。如： All that glitters is not gold.2）当先行词被all、every、no、any、some、little、much、one修饰时。如： Don't waste any water that is reusable.3）当先行词被the only、the very、the same、the last修饰时。如： They are the only students that will attend the meeting.4）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the first time that I have ever heard about a ghost.5）当先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时。如： There are five pens that will be on display tomorrow.6）当先行词有人又有物时。如：
We don't like the teacher and his lessons that are not interesting at all.7）当主句是以who或which及其-ever结构开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Whoever that breaks the law will be punished.4、多用who、不用that的情况
1）当先行词为anyone、one、ones时。如：He is the one who will teach us English.2）当先行词为those、he和people时。如：
Those who want to ask questions need to write them down first.继续分享其他关系代词的用法，即which、who、whom和whose的用法。
四、关系代词
（二）which的用法
which用来引导定语从句时，其先行词都是表物的。如：
非限定性定语从句：He sent me five books, which helped me a lot in my English exam.限定性定语从句：This is the ship which I travelled on two months ago.第一句中的which helped me a lot in my Englsh exam作为five books的非限定性定语从句，补充说明了这五本书对我英语考试的帮助。
第二句中的which I travelled on two months ago作为the ship的限定性定语从句，特指这艘轮船是我两个月前乘坐的那艘。【注意】
1、当which在从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。比如上面的限定性定语从句中的which就可以省略，即：
This is the ship I travelled on two months ago.但是，当which前面有介词时，就不能省略。比如上面这句话就可以改为： This is the ship on which I travelled two months ago.2、as与which的区别
as和which都可以用来引导定语从句，而且可以指代整个主句。但是，两者在用法上存在一定差别。
1）两者都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： They love each other, as/which is natural.He doesn't like it, as/which we can see.2）as有“正如或正像”的意思，其引导的非限制性定语从句，位置可在句首、句末或句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。如：
As is known to all, man cannot live without air./ Man cannot live without air, as is known to all./ Man, as is known to all, cannot live without air.It is said that he can type 200 words within one minute, which I don't believe.3）当主从句是因果关系时，一般都用which。如：
He is always complaining about everyting, which annoys everyone around him.4）如果先行词中含有such或the same时，则用as。如： He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as she lost yesterday.需要注意的是：当先行词含有the same时，偶尔也用that来引导定语从句，这时与as引导的定语从句意思是不一样的。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.（她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。）
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.（她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。）
（三）who who主要用在当先行词表人的情况下，一般在从句中充当主语，但有时也可以作宾语，相当于whom。如：
He's the man who bought these books just now.The man who I served was wearing a hat.第一句中的who在从句中作bought的主语，而第二句中的who则作served的宾语。需要注意的是，当介词位于定语从句的句首时，就不能用who，而要用whom。如： She is the girl about whom the man talked at the meeting an hour ago.who也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如：
The manager, who comes from Japan, told me to help you with your project.（四）whom whom主要用在当先行词表人的情况下，在从句中充当动词或介词的宾语。如： The boy whom you met on the street just now is one of cousins.He is the man from whom you ought to ask for help.whom也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如：
The soldiers, some of whom come from Alaska, will be sent to Iraq next week.（五）whose whose是所有格形式，所以在引导定语从句时，后面会紧跟一个名词。其先行词既可能是人，也可能是物。如：
The boy whose father is a professor studies very hard.Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea? whose也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如：
I decided to write about Chaplin, whose films are still very popular among a large audience.五、关系副词
英语里常见的关系副词有when、where、why。
（一）when when用作关系副词时，先行词都是表时间的，此时when在定语从句中作时间状语。如 I will never forget the days when we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.此时的when相当于“介词+which”的用法。如上句可以改为：
I will never forget the days during which we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.【注意】
1、尽管先行词是表时间的，但有的时候也会使用关系代词来引导定语从句，此时关系代词往往在从句中充当宾语。如：
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the mountainous village.关系代词that/which，用作从句中的谓语动词spent的宾语。
2、when有时也会用来引导非限定性定语从句，但有时也会使用“介词+which”的结构。如： He was born in 1976, when some of China's great leaders passed away.I just can't forget my childhood days, some of which have already had their longlasting influence upon my present life.（二）where where用作关系副词时，先行词都是表地点的，此时where在定语从句中作地点状语。如： This is the house where the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.与when的用法相似的是，此时的where相当于“介词+which”的用法。如上句可以改为： This is the house in which the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.【注意】
1、与when的用法相似的是，尽管先行词是表地点的，但有的时候也会使用关系代词来引导定语从句，此时关系代词往往在从句中充当宾语。如： This is the house that/which we visited last year.关系代词that/which，用作从句中的谓语动词visited的宾语。
2、同样与when的用法相似的是，where有时也会用来引导非限定性定语从句。此时的where也常可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换。如：
My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, where he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.句中的where就可以替换为from which，即：
My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, from which he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.（三）why 与when和where不同的是，why用作关系副词引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是reason，而且只能用在限定性定语从句中，即中间不能用逗号隔开。如 That is the reason why he has left for Shanghai.【注意】在现代英语中，why也经常可以省略。如：
This is the reason I opened the window at this time of the day.六、定语从句转换为短语
有时出于结构简洁的需要，定语从句可以转化为短语结构。
不过，不是所有的定语从句都可以转化为短语结构的，一般只有当关系代词在从句中充当主语的时候才可以转化为短语。如：
定语从句1：The woman who is standing behind the counter served me just now.短语结构1：The woman standing behind the counter served me just now.定语从句2：The woman who served me just now is standing behind the counter.短语结构2：The woman serving me just now is standing behind the counter.定语从句3：The woman who has already left served me just now.短语结构3：The woman having already left served me just now.【注意】当关系代词在从句中充当主语时，也有的情况下是不能转化为短语的，一般是当从句的谓语动词中含有情态动词或will或would等助动词时。如以下两句话中的定语从句就不能转化为短语结构：
The woman who can dance is Jack's mother.The woman who will visit her is her aunt.四、状语从句
英语里总共有三大类从句，即名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。我们之前已经分享过名词性从句和定语从句的内容：
名词性从句
主要包括四类（请戳下面的标题回顾相关的具体内容）：
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 定语从句
分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，具体可参看（请戳下面的标题回顾相关的具体内容）：
一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法
（一）一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法
（二）一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法
（三）状语从句主要包括时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、比较、方式、条件和让步九种，具体内容：
一、定义:顾名思义，状语从句就是指句子中的状语原本是由单词或短语来充当的，但当状语是由句子来充当时，这个充当状语的句子就叫状语从句。如： He left the party at eight.He left the party when it was eight.第一句中的at eight是时间状语，是由短语来充当的。
第二句中的when it was eight也是时间状语，但是由句子来充当的，这个句子就叫（时间）状语从句。
二、分类:英语里的状语总共有九种，即：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、比较、方式、让步。而英语里的状语从句也因此包括这九种，接下去我们就一一来梳理这九种从句的用法。需要注意的是，状语从句的学习其实就是有关连接这些状语从句的连接副词的学习。
三、时间状语从句: 常连接时间状语从句的连接词有：
when, while, as;before, after;as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...;till, until;since;by, by the time, by the end of。
（一）when、while和as的用法
三者都表示“当...时候”，需要注意的是：
1、当所要描述的动作或状态发生的时间是现在时间时
1）when要采用“主将从现”的原则，即：主句谓语动词采用一般将来时，从句谓语动词采用一般现在时。如：
When he comes, I will tell him the good news.需要注意的是，此时的从句谓语动词虽然采用的是一般现在时，但其实是表将来的。如上句中的he comes，他其实还没来。
此外，主句也有可能是祈使句或是含有情态动词的句子。如： When he comes, please tell him the good news.When he comes, you can tell him the good news.2）as的用法跟when差不多，但其主句谓语动词也可以使用一般现在时。如： A sudden chill of horror sweeps over her as she feels the drip of saliva upon her hand.（当她感觉到滴到她双手上的唾液时，恐怖的寒栗突然遍布了她全身。）
3）while所在的句子主从句的谓语动词一般都采用现在进行时。如：
While my mother is cooking in the kitchen, my father is working in the garden.2、当所要描述的动作或状态发生的时间是过去时间时
1）when所在的从句谓语动词一般采用一般过去时，主句谓语动词采用过去进行时或是一般过去时。如：
When he entered the room, she was playing the piano.But when I returned the door was open.需要注意的是，when也有可能表示“正在这时”。如：
I was walking in the park, when a little child bumped into me.（我正在公园里散步，这时一个小孩撞到了我怀里。）
2）as与while的用法差不多，即：as和while所在的句子的谓语动词一般用过去进行时，而另外一个句子的谓语动词则采用过去进行时或一般过去时。如： As/While the royal visitors were passing by, the crowd burst into cheers.As/While she was reading in the study, he was watching TV in the living room.（二）before和after的用法 before表示“在...之前”，after表示“在...之后”。使用时要注意要描述的动作或状态时基于现在时间还是过去时间。
1、基于现在时间
这时，其用法基本遵循时间状语从句的“主将从现原则”，即before或after所在的从句谓语动词采用一般现在时，其主句谓语动词采用一般将来时。如： Before the guests come, we will have to clean the house.After he comes, we will set out for Shanghai.2、基于过去时间
这时，before所在的从句谓语动词要采用一般过去时，其主句谓语动词要采用过去完成时，而after所在的从句谓语动词要采用过去完成时，其主句谓语动词要采用一般过去时。如：
Before it began to rain, she had already arrived home.After she had arrived home, it began to rain.（三）“一...就...”的表达
英语里常用来表“一...就...”的结构主要有：as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...。、1、as soon as as soon as既可以用在现在时间中，也可以用在过去时间中。当用在现在时间中时，遵循“主将从现”的原则；当用在过去时间中时，as soon as所在的从句谓语动词采用一般过去时，其主句谓语动词采用一般过去时或过去完成时（如果要强调主从句谓语动作的连续性很强，则采用一般过去时）。如： 现在时间：As soon as she comes to the party, we will give her a big surprise.过去时间：As soon as he got to the station, the train left/had left.2、hardly...when...和no sooner...than...这两个句型都表示“一...就...”，而且用法都差不多，即when和than所在的从句谓语动词采用一般过去时，其主句谓语动词采用过去完成时。如： He had hardly arrived at school when the class began.He had no sooner arrived at school than the class began.需要注意的是，hardly有时可以换成scarcely或rarely或barely。
3、特殊表达
英语中用来表达“一...就...”的结构还有：the moment/instant/minute/second...；immediately/instantly/directly...；at/on等。如： He came directly I called.The moment she gets off the bus, we will give her a big hug.On hearing the news, he burst into cries.（四）till和until 都表示“直到...时候”，两者一般可以相互替换，但till多用于肯定句，until多用于否定句。如：
She will stay in the office till he comes back.She won't leave the office until he comes back.需要注意的是，until常与not搭配使用，而且会用在强调句中。如： He didn't arrive until the film had already begun.It was not until the film had already begun that he arrived.（五）since 当since用来引导时间状语从句时，意思是“自从...以来”，其往往被当作是主句谓语动词要采用完成时的标志性时间状语。如：
Since he was born, he has lived here for over eighty years.Since we last met, we haven't seen each other for more than ten years.（六）by、by the time和by the end of 这组结构都表示“到...时候为止”，其主句谓语动词一般都要采用完成时。需要注意的是，这些结构后面所接的时间不同，主句谓语动词就要采用不同的完成时态。
1、后接将来时间
这时，主句谓语动词一般要采用将来完成时或将来完成进行时。如： He will have read ten books by next Friday this month.She will have been learning English for ten years by the end of this term.They will have already left by the time she comes.2、后接过去时间
这时，主句谓语动词一般要采用过去完成时。如：
They had learned English for ten years by last Saturday.The students had already left the party by the time she arrived.We had worked on the bridge for two years by the end of last month.
第二篇：名词性从句的用法
名词性从句的用法
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）；whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）；as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）。以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.Whichever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词： 1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：
Whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1.Whether引导主语从句并在句首； 2.引导表语从句
3.Whether从句作介词宾语； 4.从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二、具体分类 1．主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
【典例1】(2009·上海卷)It is immediately clear ____ the financial crisis will soon be over.A.since B.what C.when D.whether 【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句的用法。该句的意思时：经济危机是否会很快结束是很明显的事情。“是 1 否”用whether表示，不能选when是因为从句中由soon这一实践状语。
【典例2】(2008·山东卷)_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As 【答案】C
【解析】she told me是插入语，可删除。what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…
【典例】(2009·天津卷)It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。本空格处应是一个主语从句的引导词，因该主语从句不缺成分，且句意完整，故应用不作任何成分的连词that。2．宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。（1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。（2）用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支 2 持。
【典例1】(2008·北京卷)The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A.which B.that C.what D.who 【答案】C
【解析】create后为宾语从句，从句中they hope是插入语，可删除。因为从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导该从句。
【典例2】(2009· 全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever 【答案】C
【解析】 考查名词性从句。题干中介词to后面为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，因此填whoever。（3）用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
（4）注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。例如：
he studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）
I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
（5）think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。3．表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want.这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【点拨】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
【典例1】(2009·山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait tor her mother.A.where B.what C.how D.who 【答案】A
【解析】remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。【典例2】(2008·天津卷)The last time we had grat fun was _______ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 【答案】C
【解析】was后为表语从句，此处when与the last time相呼应，根据句意可排除其他选项。4． 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。【典例】(2009· 重庆卷)We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where 【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。根据题意知，空格处是同位语从句的引导词，修饰中心名词request，且在句子中不充当成分，故用that。这句话的意思是我们应该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些大众科学方面的书籍。
三、对比与用法
1．同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
2．that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d.It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。3．否定转移
（1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
（2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。【备考策略】
考生对于名词性从句的复习和应试关键要把握每个引导词的意义，因为在对于名词性从句的考查中，引导词在句子中都起作用，有意义，因此在分析句子结构，对比辨别名词性从句、状语从句、强调句式后，最后还是要选择引导词；另外还要注意以下几点：
1．what 引导词的考查，尤其位于介词后引导的宾语从句以及引导名词性从句时的双重作用。2．Whether和if 的区别，尤其注意他们的不同之处。
3．名词性从句和其它从句的兼容结构测试。4.句子语序和时态。具体说：
1.掌握名词性从句的分类功能
名词性从句根据其在主句的功能作用又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(1)若从句在句中作主语为主语从句(2)若从句在句中作宾语为宾语从句(3)若从句在句中作表语为表语从句(4)若从句在句中作同位语为同位语从句 2.掌握连词的含义及分类
绝大多数名词性从句的连词都有其实在意义，称为有义连词，如what表“……的内容”，when表“……的时间”，where表“……的地点”，why表“……的原因”，how表“如何；怎样”，who表“谁”，if, whether表“是否”；没有实在意义的连词叫无义连词，无义连词只有that一个。
3.掌握名词性从句的语序 名词性从句用陈述语序。
4.掌握名词性从句和其它从句之间的关系
有些连词除引导名词性从句外还可引导其它从句，应掌握它们之间的关系。
(1)if ,whether表“是否”时引导名词性从句；if表“如果”时引导条件状语从句；whether表“无论是否；不管是否”时引导让步状语从句。
(2)when表“……的时间”，where表“……的地方”时引导名词从句；when表“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句，where表“……的地方”，且修饰行为动词时，引导地点状语从句；when, where从句作定语修饰先行词时引导定语从句。【专题突破】
高考中考查名词性从句时，经常考查连接词的选用。解题时应先判断从句的类型，然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整，最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。要求学生在做题中要注意如下几点： 1.分析结构，辨析名词性从句和状语从句； 2.理解句意，正确区别引导词；
3.按照句意，出现那个引导词意思，便选择那个引导词。【专题巩固】
1.A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which
2.See the flag on top of the building ? That was _______ we did this morning.A when B.which C.where D.what
3． The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in _______is still a wasteland now.A.what B.which C.that D.where
4．Many people wrote articles on _______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.6 A.why B.what C.who D.that
5．The couple are spending their holiday on _______is described as one of the most beautiful islands.A.that B.what C.which D.where 6．The book is meant to _______needs it.A.who B.whoever C.whomever D.whom
7.In his speech, Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.A.how B.what C.which D.that
8．The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.A.that what B.what C.that D.what that
9．_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people ,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.A.That B.What C.In spite of what D.Though what
10._______is certain is _______prevention is more important than treatment.A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what
11.Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, _______they lost the game.A.that B.which C.what D.why
12.—The patient looks much better._______is it that has made him_______he is today? —Perhaps the special medicine and his family’s patient care.A．What;that B．That;that C．What;what D．What;which
13.After three hours’ climbing , they reached _______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.A．what B．which C．where D．that
14.A plan has been put forward _______more graduates should go to work in the country
A.when B.that C.whether D.how
15.It is pretty well understood _______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how
16.(2009· 湖南卷)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _______it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever
17.(2009·陕西卷)The how-to book can be of help to _______wants to do the job.A.who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever
18.(2009· 安徽卷)A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.when D.which
19.(2009·江苏卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave_______could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what
20.(2009·浙江卷)—Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what 【参考答案及解析】
1.C 句意：我脑海中突然出现一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。本题考察名词性从句用法。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.做A warm thought 的同位语从句。中间被suddenly came to me隔开，增加了试题难度。此外，部分考生由于对同位语从句和定语从句不分，故错选D为答案。2.D 表语从句中缺did的宾语。
3.A “_______is still a wasteland now.”做介词in的宾语从句，从句中缺主语句意为：政府已经宣布一座现代化的城市将在这片现在仍是废墟的地方建成。
4.A“_______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.”做介词on的宾语，宾语从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。另外that不引导介词的宾语从句（固定搭配除外），所以排除D。5.B “_______is described as one of the most beautiful islands.”宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，6.B whoever在宾语从句中做主语，部分学生，因为只看到介词to，误认为要添whomever做介词的宾语。
7.B “_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.”做表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，构成 it takes sth to do sth 结构。
8.A本题句子结构比较复杂，“_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做a truth的同位语从句，同位语从句中_______ a nation loses in times of disaster为主语从句。本句共有两个从句，故有两个引导词。句意为“中华民族的经验证明了一个真理，即，一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。
9.C “_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做让步状语,而D.Though what错误, 因为, 一个单一的从句不能用两个连词引导.句意: 尽管在为人们提供更多公交车这件事上, 投入了很多, 但是公交工具的缺乏, 仍然是个问题.10.B “_______is certain”在句中做主语,主语从句缺少一个主语,需要用What;“_______prevention is more important than treatment.”系表语从句,句意与结构完整,只有that,可以这样用。
11.A“_______ they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位语从句,从句意思结构完整,结构完整。
12.C先将句子结构理清楚，it is _______that has made him _______he is today 就可以判断，第一个空是考察强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少he is的表语。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。
13.A考生误以为是地点状语从句，误选C．where。而reached是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语they thought，应该缺主语。
14.B 考察同位语从句，表达A plan的具体内容，has been put forward将名词与从句隔开，8 加大了难度。
15.C 主要测试主语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。双重作用的引导词只能是what。例如：It is still doubtful what he said at the meeting yesterday。昨天他在会上说的话仍然值得怀疑。
16.C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。
17.D 此处从句作介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词作从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。
18.C 考查名词性从句，介词from后除了接代词或名词作宾语外，还可接介词短语或副词短语作宾语；由后面“I was born”可以推测from后面可以指时间，也可以指地点，再由所给的选项可得出答案。
19.D 考查名词性从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，因此选what。
20.B考查同位语从句。此处是由what引导的同位语从句，表示“你有没有可能来机场接我？”。所以选B项。
第三篇：名词性从句
2007年高考试题单项选择语法分类汇编
十二.名词性从句
1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全国卷II]
A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which
2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]
A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where
3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]
A.when B.why C.whetherD.that
4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山东卷]
A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatter who
5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
6.—Where’s that report?
—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]
A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor
7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]
A.howB.whatC.whichD.when
8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]
A.whyB.that
[2007 江苏卷]
A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陕西卷]
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As
you read．[2007 上海春]
A．that B．what C．which D．whether
12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]
A.whatB.whichC.howD.where
13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]
A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why
第四篇：名词性从句
名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。一．引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。二.名词性从句的分类如下
（一）主语从句
主语从句的句型.引导词有疑问词wh-及whether/if及that.1、主语从句在复合句作主语。疑问词引导e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
3、If/whether 引导e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.4．It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名词词组（no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that从句 e.g.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam/It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.5．It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句
e.g.It’s said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引导主语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，但that从句置于开头时不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表语从句
表语从句的句型及要点。引导词疑问词wh-及whether及that.1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。疑问词引导的： e.g.The question was who could go there.Note: 引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省去。
e.g.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他
（三）宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导词有疑问词wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有区别）及that.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.Note:以下情况that不可省略：(不考查）
1.当宾语从句的主语是that时。2.2.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时 Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。
4当that偶尔作except和in的宾语时。This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.中，that it lacks a good index就是介词 in 的宾语从句，这当中的that就不能省略。
（四）同位语从句。引导词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句引导词有疑问词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名词性从句易混知识归纳
易混点一 ：同位语从句与定语从句的区别
that引导的从句，是定语从句还是同位语从句，我们我们采用“试加 法”，来判断。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1.when、where、why引导的从句
引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但引导同位语从句时，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示什么时候，where表示哪儿，引导两种从句时，都在从句中做状语。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的when相当于“on the day”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义，因此是定语从句。
I have no idea when she will be back.when与idea毫无意义上的关联，其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点二：reason后面的名词性从句
reason做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。
1.“The reason +连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。。。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为：这就是。。。的原因（理由）That is the reason why he failed in the contest, 3.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+because引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这是因为。。。；这是由于。。。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4.It（或This、That）+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这就是。。。的原因。
That was why he fell ill.易混点三：what、whatever、who、whoever等引导的名词性从句 我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anything that（无论什么）Whoever=anyone who（无论谁）
Whenever=any time=no matter when（无论何时）Wherever=any place=no matter where（无论何地）这都是泛指。而what、who、when、where则是特指。如： Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意：1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句，也可以引导状语从句，等于“no matter +疑问词”。而no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Eg：Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me..2whoever的宾格还是whoever，一般不用whomever。易混点 whether与if（不做考查）
二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；
注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用if。如：
The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主语从句是有It用作形式主语，if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3宾语从句中，如果whether后紧跟or not，不用换做if；若whether与or not分开使用，则可以换作if。如： I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如： I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.（炫耀）
5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.练习：名词性从句
1.Do you see _____ I mean? 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.4.Let me see _____I can repair the radio or not.5.Keep in mind _____ the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____ book I should read first? 7.He was criticized for _____ he had done.8.Would you kindly tell me _____ I can get to the Beijing Railway Station? 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____ she had seen in China.10.We took it for granted ___ they were not coming.11.I really don't know _____ I should do next.12.I'm afraid _____ the little girl will have to be operated on.13.She walked up to _____ I stood.14.Can you tell me _____ that gentleman is? 15.We'll give you _____ you need.16.They want us to know _____ they can do to help us.17.We must put _____ we have learned into practice.18.Did she say anything about _____ the work was to be done yesterday? 19.He was never satisfied with _____ she had achieved in her work.20.These photographs will show you _____ our village looks like.21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill for the dinner.22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.23.We wish we could have learned _____ you did when we were at high school.24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when I go there.25.From _____ 1 know of him I should say he is a good worker.26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.28._____ was said here must be kept secret.29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.30.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.31.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.32._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.33.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.34._____ you have done might do harm to other people.35._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.36._____ the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known to all.37._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.38.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.39.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off? 40._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said 41.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.42.They are just _____ I want to have.43.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.44.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.45.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.46.We heard the news _____ our team had won.47.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.48.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.高考真题 2011--2013年高考
1._______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.3.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.4.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.5.It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.6.Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.7.When the news came ____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.8.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____ the problem is.9.I’d like to start my own business—that’s _____ I’d do if I had the money.10.The villagers have already known ____ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.11.It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _____ we are to shake hands with.13.Our teachers always tell us to belive in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.14.There is clear evidence_____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret（表达）is bodily pain.2012年高考
1.We can not clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.2.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.3.I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.6.It doesn’t matter____ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.7.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____ he could find about Mark Twain.8.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.9._____ he had left keys in the office was known to us..10.Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.2013年高考
1.I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 2.____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.3.____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.4.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.6.______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.7.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.8.It’s good to know___ the dog will be well cared for while we’re away.9._____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.10.Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.名词性从句翻译练习
1.你不喜欢他与我无关 2.汤姆已经回来了这很清楚 3.纸是中国首先造出来的这是事实。4.你要的是两个苹果吗？ 5.老师问我们是否知道王芳在那里。6.我叔叔说他很快就会回来 7.他说的话没有一句是真的。8.这取决于你是否想做这件事。9.我为什么迟到的原因是我在半路上遇到塞车了。10.她的头发变白了使她有点担心。11.他们就何时何地举行这次多国会议达成了一致意见。
12.你们的任务是在六点钟以前想尽一切办法找些吃的回来,否则，今晚我们就得挨饿。13.我对你们学英语的建议就是多读，多听，多写。14.我们必须面对这个事实即我们已经花光了所有的钱。
15.他要医院给他做出解释的要求是合理的 16.他问我买小提琴花了多少钱。17.你想象不到他们在收到这份精美的礼物时有多么激动。
18.问题是我们应该做什么来帮助他。19.你同意我们后天去旅行的计划吗？20.什么时候，怎样回家那是他自己的决定。21.哪一只球队会取胜还不一定。22.三天后，我们听到了这样的消息我国有发射一颗人造卫星。23.任何对此事视而不见的（ignore / fail to do）人将回铸成大错。
24.运动会这个星期或是下星期开都没有关系。25.我们现在做的以前从来没有做过。36.你能告诉我这本字典是属于谁的吗？
高中名词性从句讲解与练习
参考答案 名词性从句
1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA 26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC 51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA 高考题：2011：BDDCACCADCABDD 2012：DBCCB ADADD 2013: BCCCD CBDBD 1.That you don’t like her has nothing to do with me..2.It was very clear that Tom had returned 3.It is the fact that paper was first made in China 4 4.Are what you want two apples
第五篇：名词性从句 同位语从句用法详解
名词性从句 同位语从句用法详解(例句丰富)
一、同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
1.由that引导
We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.由whether引导
There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming.你回答我的问题：你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
3.由连接代词引导
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
4.由连接副词引导
I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left.他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多着急!
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：
The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1．意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3.引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4.被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)
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