第一篇：英国文学论文提纲
班级: 2005级8班；
姓名:杜江娟；
学号: 200505140803
One’s Sacrifice in His or Her Society--After reading The Mill on the Floss
Outline
Thesis statement: This paper is based on George Eliot’ the Mill on the Floss.In the novel there are conflicts among individuals as well as individual and society.Then this paper reveals one’s sacrifice in face of conflicts and the relation between one’s own will and the outside’s bondage upon him or her.At last the conclusion that only mutual understanding and cooperation can solve the problems is drew.I.Introduction.II.The influence of society upon individuals and their responses to the outside A.Man’s and woman’s different responsibilities in 19th century illustrated with members in Maggie’s large family B.The influence of one’s social background on his or her growth 1.Maggie’s sacrifice as a woman during her growth in 19th century 2.Tom’s loss at different time of his growth 3.Philip’s deficiency and his family background 4.Lucy’s merits in Victorian England C.Different characters’ response in the face of various situations 1.Maggie’s fight against discrimination 2.Tom’s reactions to responsibility given by family 3.Philip’s compromise as a gentleman 4.Lucy’s standard behavior as a lady
III.Analysis of the conflicts showed by main character A.The conflicts displayed by Maggie 1.The conflict in Maggie’s inner world
2.The conflict between Maggie and the outside world
B.The cause of the conflicts 1.The traditional attitude towards relationship between people 2.The lack of mutual understanding among people C.The solution to conflicts over the social relation Ⅳ.Conclusion
References Bodenheimer, Rosemarie.The Real Life of Mary Ann Evans.Cornell: Cornell University Press,1994.2 Carrol，David.George Eliot: The Critical Heritage.London: Routledge，1995.3 Henry, Nancy.George Eliot and the British Empire.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.4 Hogan, Anne.Women of Faith in Victorian Culture: Reassessing the Angel in the House.London: Macmillan Press.1998.5 George Eliot, the Mill on the Floss, Apr, 1996 高晓声：《郑州工业大学学报（社会科学版）》期刊 ISSN : 1009-1270(2001)02-0040-03《郑州工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2001年 第19卷 第02期
唐荷：《女性主义文学理论》，扬智文化事业股份有限公司2003年版。
谭敏：《游离于女权边缘的尴尬--试析乔治爱略特的二元论女性观》，《四川外语学院学报》2004年第4期。
王琼：《麦琪悲剧的成因-<弗洛斯河上的磨坊>解读》，《绍兴文理学院学报》2003年第5期。
One’s Sacrifice in His or Her Society--After reading The Mill on the Floss
第二篇：英国文学选读（推荐）
文学体裁：诗歌poem 小说novel 戏剧drama Origin起源： Christianity 基督教 bible 圣经
Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士
一、The Anglo-Saxon period(449-1066)
1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒)Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作：
3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）
例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 诗章
1、romance 传奇文学
2、代表作：
三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期
1、“the founder of English poetry”（英国诗歌之父）
2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格).3、代表作：
大致内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体
小说特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。小说观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness.He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。
4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣 ：A story holds in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed.Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教
代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔
四、The Renaissance(16世纪)文艺复兴时期
（Greek and Roman）戏剧drama 诗章canto
The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.在文艺复兴时期的英国，戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。
1、key word: humanism: admires human beauty and human achievement
2、代表人物：
1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔
2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根 第一个散文家 3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特 引入十四行诗的第一人
Sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵)in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞 poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人)< The Fairy Queene>《仙后》(epic poem 史诗)5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛
blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格)是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚 戏剧 drama 四大悲剧：
五、The period of Revolution and Restoration(17世纪)资产阶级革命与王权复辟
prose 散文
1、文学特点：The Puritans believed in simplicity of life, disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry, breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物：
1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩 “metaphysical poets”(玄学派诗人)的代表人物
sonnet 十四行诗 《Death be not proud》
作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)
② novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角)③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)
2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人（blank verse）
《失乐园》 “Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人
《复乐园》
六、The Age of Enlightenment(18世纪)启蒙运动
prose 散文
1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。
The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善，而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。
Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.无论怎样讲究理性，社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在，理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。
2、18th century 文学的三个方面：Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)
3、代表人物：
1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说
Novel：
2)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特
作品特点：no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice;the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.努不动颜，骂不扬声，语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。
七、the Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义
散文 prose
1、前浪漫主义代表人物：William Blake 威廉.布莱克 诗人
Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯 苏格兰诗人
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution 前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。
2、教育意义Educational：liberty, equality and fraternity 自由，平等，博爱
3、开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s
4、lake poets(湖畔派诗人)：Coleridge Southey Wordsworth
5、代表人物：
1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate(桂冠诗人)
With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”.与s.t.coleridge一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣” 作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌
2)、Lord Byron 拜伦
3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱
《解放了的普罗米修斯》 drama 戏剧
4)、John Keats 济慈 poet 诗人
第三篇：英国文学 女性主义
近代英国文学中女性主义思想的嬗变
摘要：本文通过分析简·奥斯汀、勃朗特姐妹、盖斯凯尔夫人、乔治·艾略特和弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫等女性作家在她们作品中反映出的女性主义思想，试图研究近代英国文学中女性主义思想的嬗变以及所经历的过程和社会意义。
关键词：英国女性文学 女性主义思想嬗变
简·奥斯汀作品中对女性智力的肯定
19世纪的英国妇女地位非常卑微，在经济、政治，甚至在受教育方面的权利都被限制。与男性相比，妇女被认为天生智力低劣，而且当时绝大多数妇女似乎也承认这种观念，她们对自己的卑微地位毫无自觉意识。简·奥斯汀却以自己的创作实践为女性争取到她们应有的空间。她的作品充分肯定了女性的智力，认为妇女和男人一样智力发达，女性甚至比男性更具有敏锐的观察力和判断力。她一反传统文学中正面主人公都为男性的模式，将不少女性提升为作品中的主人公。她笔下的这些女主角们不再是以“花瓶”的面貌出现，而是理性、美德和智慧的化身，她们代表了既敏感又富有思想的年轻一代女性独立的个体，都经历了从不完美到完美这样一个过程。奥斯汀在作品中着意于表现女性作为与男性完全平等的“人”的性格魅力，并且她把长期处于边缘的失势地位的女性作为全知视角下的限制性叙述角度，唤醒了女性沉睡已久的主体意识，由此，奥斯汀使英国女性文学的主体意识提前半个世纪被表现出来。
在某种意义上说，简·奥斯汀是一位女权主义者。在她那个时代，妇女是不允许按部就班地接受教育的，小说《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中，埃德蒙·伯特伦去的伊顿公学以及牛津和剑桥这样的学校都是不会朝妇女敞开大门的。像小说《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中男爵的妻子伯特伦太太，《理智与情感》中的米德尔顿女士，《爱玛》中的埃尔顿太太这样的上层社会的个别女性才有机会接受一些非家政性的教育，如绘画、唱歌、乐器演奏以及语言学等，但她们掌握这些技能的最终目的是为了能取悦自己的丈夫。结婚以后，她们的这些技能将会逐渐被荒废。但在小说《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白·班尼特则表现出相反的态度，她认为弹琴完全是无所谓的事情。小说《苏珊女士》的女主人公更是有着愤世嫉俗的观点，认为自己尚未成年的女儿弗雷德丽卡所接受的教育不过是在今后找丈夫过程中为自己增加些魅力，甚至认为女子所掌握的这些技能纯粹多余。简·奥斯汀通过笔下的这些妇女形象说明以男性为中心的社会造成了女人这样的境遇，因此她创作的女性形象不仅对女性文学，而且对整个英国文学史都具有重要意义。
当然，简·奥斯汀的作品始终是在爱情的领域——当时女性唯一能表现出女性意识觉醒的空间。她笔下的女性都是平等爱情的呼唤者，这在妇女处于被轻视和贬抑的社会无疑代表了女性自觉意识的最强音。不过她们在爱情领域里还是处于被动的地位，她们只是安静地等待男性的求婚，缺少主动出击的勇气和魄力，而且全无谋职以求经济独立的想法与愿望，仅仅停留在空谈感情的水平上。
勃朗特姐妹作品中对女性独立人格的确立
如果说是简·奥斯汀的作品把女性推向文坛的中心，那么继之而起的勃朗特姐妹的作品则成为英国文学史上的里程碑，也成为世界女性文学的转折点，因为她们的作品宣告了女性意识的真正觉醒。勃朗特姐妹率先提出了女性独立人格的问题，并指出独立的人格是建立在经济独立的基础之上的。她们的作品深入到女性的内心世界，凸现了女性自尊自爱的美好人格。
具有强烈的自我意识和独立人格的代表当首推夏洛蒂·勃朗特所创作的小说《简·爱》里的女主人公。这部小说叙述了一个在恶劣的生存环境中不断奋斗的孤女的故事。在小说中，简·爱是一个新型女性，她改变了英国传统女性中温柔可爱、逆来顺受的形象。她出生贫穷，貌不惊
人，但坚决反对压迫屈辱的行为，始终捍卫自己的独立人格，并最终以和罗切斯特先生的美满爱情结局表达出作者对爱情、理想和人与人之间关系的思考。通过这个人物，夏洛蒂更多地否定了当时社会男性与女性角色的差别，正如作品中简·爱对罗切斯特所说，“在人格上我们是平等的。”这种平等意识显然是英国文学中女性意识的一大进步，它使得女性意识从对女性特点的强调转到了对女性作为人的价值的强调；从对女性修养、尊严等的强调，转到了对女性真挚、坦诚和独立人格的强调；从对女性的社会认知度等外在价值的强调，转到了对女性内在情感价值的强调。夏洛蒂试图透露这样一个信息：我虽不是一个你们所喜爱的女性，但我并不因此而自卑。我身材矮小，相貌不扬，但我独立，自尊。勃朗特姐妹认为女性最可悲之处正在于没有一个独立的生活目标。因此，从对女性智力的肯定和对女性性别角色的强调到对女性独立人格的强调，是简·奥斯汀到勃朗特姐妹的作品的变化和发展。
然而，无论是简·奥斯汀还是勃朗特姐妹都只是在家庭或是在经济领域内关照女性的觉醒，而没有拓展到深入而更广泛的社会领域即政治层面。要真正为女性找到有力的支点，必须在社会意识下反映女性意识的自觉性，盖斯凯尔夫人首先做到了这一点。
盖斯凯尔夫人作品中逐渐走向社会的女性
在男权社会中除了家庭生活以外，女性几乎全部的社会领域都被男性控制和垄断。女性无论在道德和人格上多么自立，都始终无法彻底改变她们的从属地位。其主要原因就是她们与社会政治处于隔绝状态，只有主动参与广泛的社交与政治生活，女性才有可能取得根本的自主地位。盖斯凯尔夫人的作品描写了一群逐渐走向社会领域的女性，她在简·奥斯汀和勃朗特姐妹探索的基础上，把女性意识纳入了社会的轨道，与现实社会紧密联系在一起，实现了女性意识社会化的突破。
在《玛丽巴顿》和《南方与北方》中，盖斯凯尔夫人把女性意识的自觉性向前推进了一大步，使女性意识摆脱了以往狭小而闭塞的情感体验，为女性意识的发展开辟了更广阔的社会领域。作品中的玛丽从幼稚走向成熟的过程与爱玛有几分相似，不过爱玛的成熟是为自己造了一面镜子，通过自我反省、自我批判和自我剖析来实现，而玛丽的迷途知返则是把社会作为自己判断的参照对象，她把自己的爱恋者放在社会政治生活中予以考察，这种爱情本身带有更多的理性思考和对社会现象的权衡，这是妇女参与社会思考的开始。
盖斯凯尔夫人的作品不仅把女性带入了社会，而且还表现了女性在社会政治领域中的能力和素质。她笔下女性的成长和觉醒主要依靠的是自身的力量，她们的思想成熟代表着传统社会观念向新的价值观念体系的转变。通过作品中女主人公的成长和自我意识的觉醒，盖斯凯尔夫人意欲说明女性意识和社会意识应同步发展，这是她对女性参与社会生活能力的充分肯定。
乔治·艾略特作品中独特的女性意识
乔治·艾略特的作品融入了同时代女性写作的主流，述说着女性琐碎的婚姻故事与心灵体验。她的作品蕴涵着独特的女性意识：作者除了把女性细微的心灵空间和边缘地位归咎于男权社会的无情压制外，还把矛头直接指向女性群体本身，即对女性自身弱点与不足进行剖析和展示。乔治·艾略特的小说就像一面镜子反映了人们的真实生活，展示了女性的价值，揭示了生活的真谛。尽管作品主题很一般，但它所蕴涵的深刻道德感和现实意义却对当时的作家和读者产生了深远的影响。
她的前期小说主题多涉及情感、宗教与人性的冲突，不断突出“心中的神灵”善之美德对人的影响，但在她后期作品中，女性的命运成了她创作的主题。她以严肃的创作态度全面而深刻地探讨了女性的处境、体验和对生活的看法，揭示了女性与男性各自的弱点以及由于环境的限制，不能实现各自的远大抱负。如在小说《米德尔马契》中，艾略特对女主人公的内在精神与心灵进行了探索与挖掘，控诉了男权社会对女性精神的残酷统治和对女性理想的扼杀，祭奠
了幻灭后灵魂的升腾与凝重。艾略特以一个知识女性的身份和体验在小说里指出，女人可以用知识来拓宽心灵，指导自己的行为和想法，但“为了保障社会和家庭生活的安全，这些主张自然不宜当真实行”。小说中女性的这种边缘状态既是男权社会压制的结果，又是女性自身历史积淀的集体无意识所导致的。
在艾略特的作品中女性人物总是极为优秀，她们虽是男性主宰的社会制度的受害者，不得不屈从于世俗习惯并放弃自己的远大理想，但她们能“在自己有限的活动领域里获得心灵上的成功”。她们虽不能在公众的、社会的领域发挥出她们的作用，但她们能以间接的方式对周围的男性施加影响，并借助男性在社会各个领域发挥作用，间接地实现自身的价值并推动社会的民主进程。因此，女性对男性人生的影响是艾略特作品中的一个常见主题。
在作品中，艾略特用自己的成就证实了女性能摆脱诸多限制并获得史诗般的成就，但要在男性主宰的世界里获得成功需要非凡的勇气和坚强的毅力。大多数女性没有足够的选择余地，不得不屈从于传统的世俗力量。在此，作者表明了她鲜为人知的女权主义观点，即女性要取得真正的平等并实现自身的价值，不仅要打破社会强加在她们身上的枷锁，摧毁一切世俗障碍，还要摆脱自己给自己套上的链条，以真实的自我展现自己，并改变对自身价值的认识。
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫作品中的女权意识
与前面几位女性作家相比，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是一个激进的女权主义者。她一生都在通过写作和演讲、语言和行动来建立和完成自己的伟大事业。她不仅要反对男性文化的压迫，解除男权思想的束缚，求得与男性和解式的“平权”，而且还不时想通过与男性对抗来解决现实存在的男女不平等的问题。在作品中，她首次提出了女性写作是有别于男性的“性别写作”，公开向以男性写作为主流意识形态的创作领域挑战。由此，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫掀起了一场女权主义思想的革命。
作为系统地把女权主义思想引入文学批判的第一人，她的《一间自己的房子》和《三个基尼金币》成为后世女权论者的典范著作。《一间自己的房子》是她妇女意识与女权思想的重要论著，在其中她提出了“双性同体”的创作思想，唱响了女权主义的号角，成为女性主义作品的经典。从此，“自己的屋子”为女性写作打开了新天地，这是妇女写作史上一座里程碑式的“建筑”。《三个基尼金币》是伍尔夫向男性政治宣战的宣言书。她以缜密的逻辑思维、睿智的思想维度和辛辣讽刺夸张的笔法，通过捐赠三枚旧金币给名誉司库这样一个事实，以书信体的形式对男性热衷战争的法西斯本质进行了深刻批判，对妇女与政治、文化、职业和教育等问题进行了探讨，以提供文件的方式批驳了男性特权、男性偏见、男性虚荣与男性主宰，指出战争的别名就是政治，将战争与政治紧密地联系在一起。伍尔夫对于战争的控诉也就势表现出对于男权政治的控诉。她的女性主义思想是如此深刻和犀利，树立了女性反抗男性社会的一面旗帜。
在控诉女性的自我被社会排挤得几乎消失，在痛心于女性的自我被女性几乎全部抛弃的同时，伍尔夫一直试图探索一条重塑女性自我、恢复女性社会地位和树立女性坚强自信的道路。怎样才能“成为自己”是摆在伍尔夫面前的一个重要问题。女性要真正成为“自己”最重要的前提是要获取必要的物质条件，只有这样，女性才能最终摆脱历史和现实强加给她的不利地位。
首先，要拒绝臣服，要克服自我贬抑和妄自菲薄的心理。如果说获取必要的物质条件是恢复女性社会地位的必要前提，那么克服女性对自己的自我贬抑、妄自菲薄的态度就是真正树立女性自信的前提，而这两者都是重塑女性自我意识的先决条件。其次，要建立女性自己的价值观念，这些价值观念表现为一种复杂的力量，一种独特的创造力，“这种创造力是数千年来最严厉的规矩换来的，没有别的东西可以代替。”最后，要走出封闭的、狭小的个人世界。假如女性能勇敢地走出私人的领地，走向广阔的公共社会生活，那么女性的“独立”就指日可待，女性真正“成为自己”就有了坚实的基础。
伍尔夫表述了一个相对完整的关于女性的观点体系。她所主张的女性“成为自己”，实质上是要建立一种自足而又开放的女性自我，这样一种自我既独立，又与男性、与整个世界有着相互依赖和相互促进的关系，正是这一质朴的思想对后世的女权主义思想产生了重要影响
第四篇：英国文学推荐作品
Byron: I.Major Works Manfred,《曼弗雷德》, 1817, a verse drama Don Juan,《唐璜》, 1819–24, a verse mock epic on contemporary English Society Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》, a verse narrative Sherlly: II.Major Works i.Prometheus Unbound, 1819, 《解放了的普罗米修斯》 ii.Ode to the West Wind, 1819, 《西风颂》 1.Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound
《被缚的普罗米修斯》 Keats III.Main Works On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, 初读查普曼译菏马史诗有感
Endymion, 安狄米恩
Lyrics: To Autumn, 秋颂
Unfinished: Hyperion, 许佩里恩
Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St.Agnes, and Other Poems.including:
Ode on a Grecian Urn, 希腊古瓮颂
Ode on Melancholy, 忧郁颂 Ode to a Nightingale, 夜莺颂
Isabella, 伊莎贝拉
The Eve of St.Agnes, 圣亚尼节前夜
Walter Scott Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border The Lay of the Last Minstrel Marmion Marmion
Bride of Lammermoor,《拉马摩尔的新娘》 Ivanhoe,《艾凡赫》
Rob Roy,《罗布·罗伊》
The Heat of Midlothian,《中洛辛郡的心脏》 The Antiquary,《古董家》
The Talisman--A Tale of the Crusaders,《护符》 Waverley,《威弗利》 Jane Austen: V.Major Works Sense and Sensibility, 1811,《理智与情感》 Pride and Prejudice, 1813,《傲慢与偏见》 Mansfield Park, 1814,《曼斯菲尔德花园》 Emma, 1816,《爱玛》
Northanger Abbey, 1818,《诺桑觉寺》 Persuasion, 1818,《劝导》 III.<狄更斯>Dickens’s Novels
i.Three periods The Pickwick Papers,1836,《匹克威克外传》 Oliver Twist,1837,《雾都孤儿》
The Old Curiosity Shop,《老古玩店》 American Notes,(1842),《旅美札记 》 A Christmas Carol,(1843),《圣诞欢歌》
The Chimes, 《钟声》
The Cricket on the Hearth,《炉边蟋蟀》 Dombey and Son,(1846-1848),《董贝父子》 David Copperfield,(1849-1850),《大卫·科波菲尔》 Bleak House, , 《荒凉山庄》
Hard Times, 《艰难时世》 Little Dorrit,(《小杜利特尔》
A tale of Two Cities 《双城记》, 1859 Great Expectations《远大前程 / 孤星血泪 / 孤星奇缘》, Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》, The Mystery of Edwin Drood,(1870)萨科雷
III.Major Works Vanity Fair, 《名利场》,1847
Pendennis, 《潘登尼斯》,1850
Henry Esmond,《亨利埃斯蒙德》, 1852 The Newcomes, 《纽科姆一家》, 1853-55 William Makepeace Thackeray <艾略特>George Eliot Major Works Scenes of Clerical Life,(1856),《教区生活场景》 Adam Bede,(1859),《亚当·比德》
The Mill on the Floss,(1860),《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 Silas Marner,(1861),《织工马南》
Middlemarch,(1871-72),《米德尔马契/米德镇的春天》 <勃朗特>Charlotte Bronte:
Jane Eyre,《简·爱》
The Professor,《教师》
Shirley,《雪莉》 Vilette,《维莱特》
Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights,《呼啸山庄》 <丁尼生>Lord Tennyson
1,Ulysses(尤利西斯)
2，Break,Break,Break(碎了，碎了，碎了)
3，Cross the bar（过沙洲）
（哈代）Thomas Hardy
Their lives are ruled not only by nature but also by rigid Victorian social conventions.3.masterpieces A Pair of Blue Eyes,《一双蓝眼睛》,1873 Far from the Madding Crowd,《远离尘嚣》, 1874 The Return of the Native,《还乡记》,1878 The Mayor of Casterbridge, 《卡斯特桥市长》, 1886 The best 2 late novels: Tess of the D’Urbervilles,《(德伯家的)苔丝》,1891 Jude the Obscure，《无名的裘德》, 1895（王尔德）Oscar Wilde
Major works The Picture of Dorian Gray
A House of Pomegranates(The Happy Prince) De Prafundis “惨痛的呼声”
The Ballad of Reading Gaol “累丁狱之歌”
Lady Windermere’s Fan,《温德米尔夫人的扇子》 A Woman of No Importance,《一个无足轻重的妇女》 An Ideal Husband, 《理想丈夫》
The Importance of Being Earnest,《诚实的重要性》
Salome,《莎乐美》 V.David Herbert Lawrence 2.Major Works The White Peacock(《白孔雀》
Sons and Lovers,《儿子与情人》 The Rainbow,《虹》 Women in Love,《恋爱中的女人》
Lady Chatterley’s Lover,《查泰莱夫人的情人》, Virginia Stephen Woolf 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫.Major Works Mrs.Dalloway, 《达罗威夫人》
To the Lighthouse,《到灯塔去》 Jacob’s Room,《雅各之室》 The Waves,《海浪》, Joyce（乔伊斯）
Major Works 1.Dubliners, 《都柏林人》
2.A Portrait of Artist as a Young Man, 《青年艺术家画像》 3.Ulysses, 《尤利西斯》, his masterpiece 4.Finnegans Wake, 《芬尼根的觉醒》
第五篇：英国文学练习题
英国文学选读练习
1.English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_____in 1798.A.the publication of Lyrical BalladsB.the death of Sir Scott
C.the birth of William WordsworthD the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament
2.The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_____.A.NovelB.poetryC.dramaD.prose
3.Romanticism does not emphasize_____.A.the special qualities of each individual’s mindB.the inner world of the human spirit
C.IndividualityD.the features that men have in common
4._____ is not a Romantic poet.A.William BlakeB.Sir ScottC.P.B.ShelleyD.Lord Byron
5._____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.A.Walter ScottB.Mary ShelleyC.Jane AustenD.Ann Radcliff
6._____ is not characteristic of William Blake’s writing.A.plain and direct languageB.compression of meaningC.supernatural qualityD.symbolism
7.Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _____.A.ByronB.ColeridgeC.ShelleyD.Keats
8.Wordsworth thinks that _____ is the only subject of literary interest.A.the life of rising bourgeoisieB.aristocratic lifeC.the life of the royal familyD.common life
9.Don Juan is the masterpiece of_____.A.Lord Byron’sB.P.B.Shelley’sC.John Keats’sD.Samuel Coleridge’s
10._____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.A.Jane EyreB.Sense and SensibilityC.Pride and PrejudiceD.Emma
II.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.(T)1.The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.(T)2.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the advocates of classical rules.(F)3.Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.(F)4.Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.”
(F)5.Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.III.Name the author of each of the following literary work.1.“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”-----Coleridge
2.Songs of Innocence-----Blake
3“Ode to a Nightingale”-----Keats
4.“A Song: Men of England”-----Shelley
5.The Prelude-----Wordsworth
IV.Define the literary terms listed below
1.Romanticism: Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.2.Ode:Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.V.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1….Be through my lips to unawakened Earth.The trumpet of a prophecy!O, Wind,If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
2.For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.V.1.It is taken from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind.In this poem, Shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.In these last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for the future.2.It is taken from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude.He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem.1.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is not such an event?
A.The rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greek culture.B.England's domestic rest.C.New discovery in geography and astrology.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.2.Which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.The Pilgrim's ProgressB.Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC.The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanD.The Holy War
3.It isalone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A.Geoffrey Chaucer B.Martin Luther C.William Langland D.John Gower
4.All of the following four exceptare the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England.A.Francis Bacon B.Christopher Marlowe C.William Shakespeare D.Ben Jonson
5.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the form of.A.elegy B.ode C.epic D.sonnet
6.Daniel Defoe's novels mainly focus on.A.the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceB.the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for security
C.the struggle of the pirates for wealthD.the desire of the criminals for property
7.In Beowulf,fought against the monster Grendel and a five breathing dragon.A.the Anglo-Saxons B.Beowulf C.the Scandinavian D.the Winter Dragon
8.Francis Bacon is best known for hiswhich greatly influenced the development of this literary form.A.essays B.poems C.works D plays
9.Most of Thomas Hardy's novels are set in Wessex.A.a crude region in EnglandB.a fictional primitive regionC.a remote rural areaD.Hardy's hometown
10.We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley's poem “Ode to the West Wind” with all the following terms except.A.swift B.proud C.tamed D.wild
11.“Blindness”, “partiality”, “prejudice”, and “absurdity” in the novel “Pride and Prejudice” are most likely the characteristics of.A.Elizabeth B.Darcy C.Mr.Bennet D.Mrs.Bennet
12.The modern English novel came into being in.A.the middle of the 17th centuryB.the 17th centuryC.the late 18th centuryD.the middle of the 18th century
13.Who is not the major figure of modernist movement?
A.Eliot B.Joyce C.Charles Dickens D.Pound
14.Who is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare?
A.Oscar Wilde B.John Galsworthy C.W.B.Yeats D.George Bernard Shaw
15.Of the following poets, which is not regarded as “Lake Poets”?
A.Samuel Taylor Coleridge B.Robert Southy C.William Words worth D.William Shakespeare
16.In the first part of Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver told his experience in.A.Lilliput B.Brobdingnag C.Houyhnhnm D.England
17.Which of the following cannot describe “Byronic hero”?
A.proud B.mysterious C.noble origin D progressive
18.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as.A.the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all
experience.B.the thought that designates man as a social animal
C.the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in common
D.the modes of thinking
19.The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of.A.John Milton B.John Donne C.John Keats D.John Bunyan
20.“The Vanity Fair” is a well-known part in.A.The Pilgrim's Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War
21.In Oliver Twist, Charles criticizes.A.money worshipping tendencyB.dehumanizing of workhouse systemC.hypocrisy of the upper societyD.distortion of human heart
22.Which of the following plays by Shakespeare is history play?
A.Otharo B.The Merry Wives of Windsor C.Henry IV D.King Lear
23.Who is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A.John Keats B.William Blake C.William Wordsworth D.Jane Austen
24.Which of the following writing is not the work by Charles Dickens?
A.A Tale of Two Cities B.Hard Times C.Oliver Twist D.Sons and Lovers
25.The 18th century England is known as thein the history.A.Romanticism B.Classicism C.Renaissance D.Enlightenment
26.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.Primitive
27.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature
28.Generally , the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is.A.scienceB.philosophyC.artsD.humanism
29.In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.This tendency is known as.A.ClassicismB.NeoclassicismC.RomanticismD.pre-Romanticism
30.Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from
A.the RenaissanceB.the Old TestamentC.Greek MythologyD.the New Testament
Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.(20×1 points)
1.In “The Canterbury Tales”, Chaucer employed theheroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.2.Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the “University Wits ”.3.The term “ metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”, which might appear rhetorical, but is more probably intended to indicate Shelley's own uncertainty.It is important to note that Shelley did not advocate the willing application of force and revolution.Clearly the poet hoped that radical social change, or a rebirth of personal inspiration, could be accomplished without violence.His comments in his notebook are useful to help us to read this final line: “the spring rebels not against winter but it succeeds it-the dawn rebels not against night but it disperses it.” The unanswered question in this poem is whether or not the same cyclical inevitability will apply to social and political change as it does to the changes within Nature.
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