2013年3月5日两会政府工作报告

第一篇：2013年3月5日两会政府工作报告

温家宝2013年两会政府工作报告全文(实录)今日上午9时，第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议在人民大会堂开幕，听取国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告。以下为报告实录：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年的政府工作，并对今年工作提出建议，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

一、过去五年工作回顾

第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。我们有效应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，国内生产总值从26.6万亿元增加到51.9万亿元，跃升到世界第二位；公共财政收入从5.1万亿元增加到11.7万亿元；累计新增城镇就业5870万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别增长8.8%、9.9%；粮食产量实现“九连增”；重要领域改革取得新进展，开放型经济达到新水平；创新型国家建设取得新成就，载人航天、探月工程、载人深潜、北斗卫星导航系统、超级计算机、高速铁路等实现重大突破，第一艘航母“辽宁舰”入列；成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会；夺取抗击汶川特大地震、玉树强烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等严重自然灾害和灾后恢复重建重大胜利。我国社会生产力和综合国力显著提高，人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高，国际地位和国际影响力显著提高。我们圆满完成“十一五”规划，顺利实施“十二五”规划。社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设取得重大进展，谱写了中国特色社会主义事业新篇章。

五年来的主要工作及特点：

一是有效应对国际金融危机，促进经济平稳较快发展。

过去五年，我们是在持续应对国际金融危机严重冲击中走过来的。这场危机来势之猛、扩散之快、影响之深，百年罕见。我们沉着应对，及时果断调整宏观调控着力点，出台进一步扩大内需、促进经济平稳较快增长的十项措施，全面实施一揽子计划。两年新增4万亿元投资，其中中央财政投资1.26万亿元，主要用于保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、基础设施、社会事业、生态环保、自主创新等方面建设和灾后恢复重建。

五年来，新建各类保障性住房1800多万套，棚户区改造住房1200多万套；完成大中型和重点小型水库除险加固1.8万座，治理重点中小河流2.45万公里，新增节水灌溉面积770万公顷；新增铁路里程1.97万公里，其中高速铁路8951公里，京沪、京广、哈大等高铁和一批城际铁路相继投入运营；新增公路60.9万公里，其中高速公路4.2万公里，高速公路总里程达9.56万公里；新建机场31个；新增万吨级港口泊位602个；一批跨江跨海大桥、连岛工程相继建成；西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程顺利推进或建成；非化石能源快速发展，水电、风电装机位居世界第一；重建后的汶川、玉树、舟曲等灾区发生了翻天覆地的变化。这些举世瞩目的成就，对我们有效应对国际金融危机严重冲击发挥了至关重要的作用，为经济社会长远发展打下了坚实基础，已经并将继续造福亿万人民。

我们始终注重处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，增强宏观政策的前瞻性、科学性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重点。在国际金融危机冲击最严重时，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用多种财政政策工具，增加政府支出，实行结构性减税；有效运用存款准备金率、利率等货币政策工具，保持货币信贷合理增长。

根据宏观经济走势的变化，我们及时调整政策力度，适时退出刺激政策，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。在财政政策运用上，坚持统筹兼顾，注重综合平衡。

财政赤字占国内生产总值的比重从2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和债务负担率保持在安全水平。加强地方政府性债务全面审计和地方政府融资平台管理，有效控制经济运行中的风险隐患。在货币政策运用上，始终注意把握稳增长、控物价和防风险 之间的平衡。

金融体系运行稳健，银行业风险抵御能力持续增强，资本充足率从2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良贷款率由6.1%下降到0.95%，一直保持在较低水平。

坚持搞好房地产市场调控不动摇，遏制了房价过快上涨势头。2012年，在世界各大经济体增长全面减速、各种风险不断暴露的情况下，我们合理把握政策力度，保持财政预算支出规模不变，优化支出结构，扭转经济下滑趋势，全面实现年初确定的主要目标，国内生产总值增长7.8%，城镇新增就业1266万人，居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，为今年经济发展打下好的基础。

这五年，我国宏观经济总体上保持增速平稳较快、物价相对稳定、就业持续增加、国际收支趋于平衡的良好态势，国内生产总值年均增长9.3%，显著高于同期全球和新兴经济体的增速，通货膨胀率远低于其他新兴经济体。我国经济稳定，充满活力。

回首这五年，面对国际经济形势复杂多变、持续低迷的严峻挑战，中央科学判断、果断决策，有效避免了我国现代化进程因巨大的外部冲击而出现大的波折，实践证明这些决策部署是完全正确的。

二是加快经济结构调整，提高经济发展的质量和效益。

坚持实施扩大内需战略，内需对经济增长的贡献率明显提高，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值的比重从10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消费结构加快升级。2012年底，城镇和农村人均住房面积32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分别比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城镇居民每百户拥有家用汽车21.5辆，比2007年增加15.5辆；旅游、文化消费大幅增加。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，大力推进产业转型升级。我国制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业增加值年均增长13.4%，成为国民经济重要先导性、支柱性产业；清洁能源、节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物医药、高端装备制造等一批战略性新兴产业快速发展。产品质量整体水平不断提高。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高2.7个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。

扎实推进节能减排和生态环境保护。五年累计，共淘汰落后炼铁产能1.17亿吨、炼钢产能7800万吨、水泥产能7.75亿吨；新增城市污水日处理能力4600万吨；单位国内生产总值能耗下降17.2%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量分别下降15.7%和17.5%。

修订环境空气质量标准，增加细颗粒物PM2.5等监测指标。推进天然林保护、退耕还林、防沙治沙等重点生态工程建设，五年累计完成造林2953万公顷，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196万公顷，综合治理水土流失面积24.6万平方公里，整治国土面积18万平方公里。

深入实施区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，加快推进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展，制定实施新十年农村扶贫开发纲要，将扶贫标准提高到2300元（2010年不变价），加强集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

中西部和东北地区主要发展指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快，各具特色、良性互动的区域发展格局正在形成。积极稳妥推进城镇化，五年转移农村人口8463万人，城镇化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城乡结构发生了历史性变化。城乡、区域发展的协调性明显增强。

三是毫不放松地抓好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础地位。

我们坚持在工业化、信息化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化，集中力量办成了一些关系农业农村长远发展、关系农民切身利益的大事。加大财政投入，中央财政“三农”累计支出4.47万亿元，年均增长23.5%。

建立健全种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，补贴标准逐年提高，覆盖范围不断扩大，补贴资金从2007年的639亿元增加到2012年的1923亿元。

加强农村金融服务，涉农贷款余额从2007年末的6.12万亿元增加到2012年末的17.63万亿元。实行粮食最低收购价政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价累计提高41.7%到86.7%。加强耕地保护，维护农民权益，为完善农村集体土地征收补偿制度做了大量准备工作。

加快推进农业科技进步和现代农业建设，加大对良种繁育、动植物疫病防控、基层农技推广的支持力度。大力兴修水利，开展农村土地整治，建设高标准农田，耕地面积保持在18.2亿亩以上。粮食综合生产能力跃上新台阶，粮食总产量连续6年稳定在万亿斤以上并逐年增加。

加强农村水电路气等基础设施建设，新建改建农村公路146.5万公里，改造农村危房1033万户，解决了3亿多农村人口的饮水安全和无电区445万人的用电问题，农村生产生活条件不断改善。

积极引导农村富余劳动力转向非农产业，农民人均纯收入持续较快增长，2010年以来城乡居民相对收入差距逐步缩小。

深化农村综合改革。集体林权制度主体改革基本完成，全面推进农村集体土地确权颁证工作，开展农村土地承包经营权登记试点。农业农村发展的好形势，为应对国际金融危机和各种自然灾害严重冲击、稳定经济社会发展大局提供了重要支撑。

四是坚持实施科教兴国战略，增强经济社会发展的核心支撑能力。

优先发展教育事业。国家财政性教育经费支出五年累计7.79万亿元，年均增长21.58%，2012年占国内生产总值比例达到4%。教育资源重点向农村、边远、民族、贫困地区倾斜，教育公平取得明显进步。

全面实现城乡九年免费义务教育，惠及1.6亿学生。实施学前教育三年行动计划，“入园难”问题有所缓解。

国家助学制度不断完善，建立了家庭经济困难学生资助体系，实现从学前教育到研究生教育各个阶段全覆盖，每年资助金额近1000亿元，资助学生近8000万人次。实施中等职业教育免学费政策，覆盖范围包括所有农村学生、城市涉农专业学生和家庭经济困难学生。

初步解决进城务工人员随迁子女在城市接受义务教育问题，现有1260万农村户籍孩子在城市接受义务教育。实施惠及3000多万农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善计划。

完成中小学校舍安全工程。加快职业教育基础能力和特殊教育基础设施建设。义务教育学校实施绩效工资，在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育，加强了农村教师队伍建设。

全面提高教育质量和水平，高等教育毛入学率提高到30%。国民受教育程度大幅提升，15岁以上人口平均受教育年限达到9年以上。

大力推动自主创新。中央财政用于科技的投入五年累计8729亿元，年均增长超过18%。全社会研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比例由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企业研发活动支出占比超过74%。

出台深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见。深入实施国家技术创新工程和知识创新工程，扎实推进国家科技重大专项，新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。加强基础研究和前沿探索，突破一批关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。

深入实施人才强国战略。以高层次、高技能人才为重点，加强各类人才队伍建设，专业技术人才、高技能人才分别增加860万人和880万人，留学回国人员达到54万人。

大力加强文化建设。覆盖城乡的公共文化设施网络体系初步建成，博物馆、图书馆、文化馆（站）全面实现免费开放。

国有经营性文化单位转企改制任务基本完成，公益性文化事业单位内部机制改革不断深化。哲学社会科学、新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等更加繁荣，文化产业快速发展。

文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。对外文化交流更加活跃。全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。

五是坚持把人民利益放在第一位，着力保障和改善民生。

我们把就业作为保障和改善民生的头等大事，实施积极的就业政策。加强重点人群就业工作，提高职业培训和就业服务水平，五年累计投入就业专项资金1973亿元，实现高校毕业生就业2800万人，城镇就业困难人员就业830万人，保持了就业形势总体稳定。

全面推进社会保障体系建设，建立新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度，城乡居民基本养老保险实现了制度全覆盖，各项养老保险参保达到7.9亿人。

企业退休人员基本养老金从2004年人均每月700元提高到现在的1721元。妥善解决关闭破产企业退休人员、困难企业职工、国有企业老工伤人员、未参保集体企业退休人员社会保险等问题。

深化医药卫生体制改革，建立新型农村合作医疗制度和城镇居民基本医疗保险制度，全民基本医保体系初步形成，各项医疗保险参保超过13亿人，加强城乡基层医疗卫生服务体系建设，建立基本药物制度并在基层医疗机构实施，公立医院改革试点稳步推进。

国民健康水平进一步提高，人均预期寿命达到75岁。健全城乡居民低保、医疗、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤儿保障、流浪儿童救助保护、农村五保供养制度。

颁布实施新的中国妇女、儿童发展纲要，依法保障妇女儿童合法权益。建立健全城镇保障性住房制度，覆盖面逐步扩大，2012年底已达到12.5%。

社会保障制度建设取得历史性的巨大成就。不断加强和创新社会管理，建立健全应急管理体系，发挥城乡社区自治和服务功能，社会保持和谐稳定。六是深化重要领域改革，增强经济社会发展的内在活力。

我们不失时机地推进改革，在一些重要领域取得重大进展。大力推进财税体制改革，完善转移支付制度，全面建立县级基本财力保障机制，基层政府提供基本公共服务的能力有所提高；由公共财政预算、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算、社会保险基金预算组成的预算体系框架基本形成，预算外资金全部纳入预算管理；统一内外资企业税制，实现增值税转型，实施成品油价格和税费改革，开展营业税改征增值税试点，改革资源税制度，财税体制对加快转变经济发展方式的促进作用增强。

全面深化金融体制改革，国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革有序推进，农村信用社改革成效明显，银行业新监管标准实施，创业板、股指期货和融资融券业务相继推出，保险业改革开放深入推进，人民币汇率形成机制不断完善，利率市场化和资本项目可兑换改革稳步推进，建立宏观审慎政策框架，扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。

我国银行、证券、保险业的抗风险能力和国际竞争力显著提升，为成功应对国际金融危机冲击奠定了坚实基础。

国有企业改革不断深化，素质提高，竞争力明显增强。制定鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的指导意见和实施细则，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善。建立生态补偿制度，开展排污权和碳排放权交易试点。事业单位分类改革积极推进。

七是坚定不移扩大对外开放，全面提升开放型经济水平。

我们积极应对外部环境的急剧变化，及时出台稳定外需的政策措施，实施市场多元化战略，进出口总额年均增长12.2%，从世界第三位提升到第二位，其中出口额跃居世界第一位，占国际市场份额比2007年提高2个多百分点，进出口结构优化，贸易大国地位进一步巩固。

五年累计实际利用外资5528亿美元，利用外资的结构和布局明显优化，质量和水平显著提升。加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励各类企业开展对外投资和跨国经营，非金融类对外直接投资从2007年的248亿美元上升到2012年的772亿美元，年均增长25.5%，跻身 对外投资大国行列。

对外开放有力促进了我国经济发展和结构优化，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，增加了就业和职工收入，也为推动世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。八是切实加强政府自身建设，进一步深化行政体制改革。

推进政府机构改革，初步建立职能统一的大部门体制框架。我们始终把实行科学民主决策、坚持依法行政、推进政务公开、健全监督制度、加强廉政建设作为政府工作的基本准则。在规范行政权力运行，建设服务政府、责任政府、法治政府和廉洁政府方面，采取了一系列新举措，迈出了新步伐。

坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，健全公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查和集体讨论决定等政府决策程序。

深化行政审批制度改革，五年中分两轮取消和调整行政审批事项498项，国务院各部门取消和调整的审批项目总数达到2497项，占原有审批项目的69.3%。

大力推动政务公开，重点推进财政预算决算公开和公务接待、公务车购置使用、因公出国出境经费公开，让人民群众更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地监督政府行为。

审计监督的力度越来越大，成效越来越明显。全面加强反腐倡廉建设，加强领导干部廉洁自律的监督管理。探索建立政府绩效管理制度，建立并切实执行以行政首长为重点的行政问责制度，努力提高行政效能。

各位代表！五年来，我们贯彻民族区域自治法，支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策体系更加完善，民族团结进步事业焕发出新的蓬勃生机。

全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理的法制化、规范化水平进一步提升。

认真贯彻侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益，侨务资源的独特优势得到进一步发挥。

国防和军队建设开创新局面。中国特色军事变革取得重大成就，军队革命化现代化正规化建设协调推进、全面加强，军事斗争准备不断深化，履行新世纪（002280）新阶段历史使命能力显著增强，出色完成一系列急难险重任务。

港澳台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，同内地交流合作提高到新水平。推动两岸关系实现重大转折，两岸直接双向“三通”全面实现，签署实施两岸经济合作框架协议，形成两岸全方位交往格局，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。

全方位外交取得新的重大进展。我们积极推进同各大国关系，加强与周边邻国的互利合作关系，顺利建成中国—东盟自贸区，推动上海合作组织等区域合作机制发展，深化同广大发展中国家的传统友谊与合作，积极参与应对国际金融危机、气候变化等全球性问题的国际合作，推动解决国际和地区热点问题，为我国改革发展稳定营造了有利的国际环境，为世界和平稳定发展繁荣作出重要贡献。

各位代表！过去五年取得的成就来之不易。这是党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民齐心协力、艰苦奋斗的结果。

我代表国务院，向全国工人、农民、知识分子、干部、解放军指战员、武警部队官兵和公安民警，表示诚挚的感谢！向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和其他各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

我们清醒地认识到，经济社会发展中还存在不少矛盾和问题。

主要是：发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出；经济增长下行压力和产能相对过剩的矛盾有所加剧；企业生产经营成本上升和创新能力不足问题并存；财政收入增速放缓和政府刚性支出增加的矛盾凸显；

金融领域存在潜在风险；产业结构不合理，农业基础依然薄弱；经济发展与资源环境 的矛盾日趋尖锐；城乡、区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距较大；社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安等关系群众切身利益的问题不少，部分群众生活困难；制约科学发展的体制机制障碍较多；政府职能转变不到位，一些领域腐败现象易发多发。

这些问题，有些是长期积累的，有些是经济社会发展过程中出现的，有些是政府工作中的缺点和不足造成的。我们要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，更加努力做好工作，加快解决这些问题，决不辜负人民的期望！

二、今年经济社会发展的总体要求、主要预期目标和宏观经济政策

党的十八大科学总结了过去五年的工作和党的十六大以来的奋斗历程和历史性成就，确定了全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革开放的目标，对进一步推进中国特色社会主义事业作出了全面部署。

2013年是全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神的开局之年，是实施“十二五”规划承前启后的关键一年，是为全面建成小康社会奠定坚实基础的重要一年。

我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期，经济社会发展具备很多有利条件和积极因素，也面临不少风险和挑战。

国际金融危机深层次影响持续显现，世界经济复苏充满不确定性、不稳定性。我们既要看到形势的积极方面，坚定信心，也要看到形势的复杂性，增强忧患意识和紧迫感，兢兢业业、扎扎实实做好工作。

今年工作的总体要求是：深入学习和全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，紧紧围绕主题主线，以提高经济增长质量和效益为中心，深化改革开放，实施创新驱动战略，稳中求进，开拓创新，扎实开局，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设，实现经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定。

今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长7.5%左右，发展的协调性进一步增强；居民消费价格涨幅3.5%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率低于4.6%；城乡居民人均收入实际增长与经济增长同步，劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步；国际收支状况进一步改善。这里，着重对经济增长和物价总水平两个指标作些说明。

关于经济增长目标。这是一个综合性指标，各方面高度关注。今年经济增长预期目标定为7.5%左右，主要基于两方面考虑：一方面，要继续抓住机遇、促进发展。这些年，我国制造业积累了较大产能，基础设施状况大为改善，支撑能力明显增强，储蓄率较高，劳动力总量仍然很大。[09:58][温家宝]:必须优化配置和利用生产要素，保持合理的增长速度，为增加就业、改善民生提供必要条件，为转方式、调结构创造稳定环境；必须使经济增长与潜在增长率相协调，与生产要素的供给能力和资源环境的承受能力相适应。

另一方面，要切实按照科学发展观的要求，引导各方面把工作重心放到加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构上，放到提高经济增长的质量和效益上，推动经济持续健康发展。综合权衡，今年的经济增长目标定为7.5%左右是必要的、适宜的，实现这个目标需要付出艰苦努力。

关于物价总水平。保持物价总水平基本稳定始终是宏观调控的重要目标。去年居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，这是我们控制通货膨胀取得的一个重要成果，也与经济运行整体态势有关。

今年通货膨胀压力仍然较大，主要是：我国土地、劳动力等要素价格，农产品（000061）和服务类价格都存在上涨压力；主要发达国家实行宽松货币政策并不断加码，输入性通货膨胀压力不容忽视；理顺能源资源价格需要留出一定空间；去年价格上涨的翘尾影响约有1个百分点。

把居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考虑各方面因素后作出的选择。要切实 保障重要商品供给，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加强市场价格监管，保持物价总水平基本稳定。

实现上述目标，必须继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，保持政策连续性和稳定性，增强前瞻性、针对性和灵活性。

继续实施积极的财政政策。更好地发挥积极财政政策在稳增长、调结构、促改革、惠民生中的作用。

一是适当增加财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字1.2万亿元，比去年预算增加4000亿元，其中中央财政赤字8500亿元，代地方发债3500亿元。这主要是考虑到结构性减税的滞后效应，今年财政收入增长不会太快，但财政刚性支出增加，特别是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持对经济增长和结构调整的支持力度，适当扩大财政赤字和国债规模是必要的。

同时，目前我国债务负担率相对较低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，总体上处于安全水平。

二是结合税制改革完善结构性减税政策。重点是加快推进营业税改征增值税试点工作，完善试点办法，适时扩大试点地区和行业范围。

三是着力优化财政支出结构。继续向教育、医药卫生、社会保障等民生领域和薄弱环节倾斜，严格控制行政经费等一般性支出，勤俭办一切事业。中央预算内投资主要投向保障性安居工程，农业、水利、城市管网等基础设施，社会事业等民生工程，节能减排和生态环境等领域。

四是继续加强地方政府性债务管理。妥善处理债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题，积极推进地方政府性债务管理制度建设，合理控制地方政府性债务水平。

继续实施稳健的货币政策。把握好促进经济增长、稳定物价和防范金融风险之间的平衡。

一是健全宏观审慎政策框架，发挥货币政策逆周期调节作用。广义货币M2预期增长目标拟定为13%左右。综合运用多种货币政策工具，调节市场流动性，保持货币信贷合理增长，适当扩大社会融资规模。完善货币政策传导机制，加强金融监管与货币政策的协调，不断优化监管标准和监管方式。

二是促进金融资源优化配置。引导金融机构加大对经济结构调整特别是“三农”、小微企业、战略性新兴产业等的金融支持，满足国家重点在建续建项目资金需求。拓宽实体经济融资渠道，降低实体经济融资成本。促进资本市场稳定健康发展。

三是守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险底线。引导金融机构稳健经营，加强对局部和区域性风险以及金融机构表外业务风险的监管，提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。

三、对今年政府工作的建议

结合过去十年特别是近五年工作的体会，对今年政府主要工作提出以下建议。

（一）加快转变经济发展方式，促进经济持续健康发展。

我国社会主义现代化建设取得的一切成就都建立在经济持续健康发展的基础之上，经济不发展，什么事情都办不成。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界上最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。

必须坚持以经济建设为中心，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。只要我们牢牢把握发展的重要战略机遇期，尊重发展规律，创新发展理念，破解发展难题，加快转变经济发展方式，在发展中促转变，在转变中谋发展，就一定能实现经济持续健康发展。

要坚定不移地把扩大内需作为经济发展的长期战略方针，充分发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用。扩大内需的难点和重点在消费，潜力也在消费。扩大居民消费要在提高消费能力、稳定消费预期、增强消费意愿、改善消费环境上下功夫，不断提高消费对经济 增长的拉动力。

现阶段，投资在促进经济增长中的作用不可低估。我国既有投资能力，又有投资需求，关键在于选准方向、优化结构、提高投资的质量和效益。政府投资对社会投资具有十分重要的导向作用，但占全社会投资的比重越来越小，必须进一步放宽民间投资市场准入，激发民间投资活力。

要大力推进转变经济发展方式，加快产业结构调整。我国生产力发展水平具有多层次性，回旋余地很大，无论传统产业还是新兴产业、劳动密集型产业还是资金密集型产业，都有发展的空间，重要的是优化资源配置和产业布局，解决产能过剩、核心技术缺乏、产品附加值低的问题，解决低水平重复建设和地区产业结构趋同的问题。

必须加快改造提升传统产业，大力发展高新技术产业，提高产品质量和市场竞争力。要加强政策引导，鼓励企业跨行业跨区域跨所有制兼并重组，利用市场倒逼机制促进优胜劣汰。以扩大国内市场应用、重要关键技术攻关为重点，推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。积极推动信息化和工业化融合，加快建设新一代信息基础设施，促进信息网络技术广泛应用。

坚持生产性服务业和生活性服务业并重，现代服务业和传统服务业并举，进一步发展壮大服务业。

要顺应人民群众对美好生活环境的期待，大力加强生态文明建设和环境保护。生态环境关系人民福祉，关乎子孙后代和民族未来。要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。

大力推进能源资源节约和循环利用，重点抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构等领域节能，控制能源消费总量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放强度。

要加快调整经济结构和布局，抓紧完善标准、制度和法规体系，采取切实的防治污染措施，促进生产方式和生活方式的转变，下决心解决好关系群众切身利益的大气、水、土壤等突出环境污染问题，改善环境质量，维护人民健康，用实际行动让人民看到希望。

要做好气象、地质、地震等方面工作，提高防灾减灾能力。优化国土空间开发格局，合理控制开发强度，调整空间结构。加强海洋综合管理，发展海洋经济，提高海洋资源开发能力，保护海洋生态环境，维护国家海洋权益。

要继续深入实施区域发展总体战略，促进区域经济协调发展。充分发挥各地比较优势，统筹规划、分类指导，优先推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展，加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，深入推进集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

（二）强化农业农村发展基础，推动城乡发展一体化。

近些年是我国农业发展最快、农村面貌变化最大、农民得到实惠最多的时期。当前，农业农村发展进入一个新阶段，呈现出农业生产综合成本上升、农产品供求结构性矛盾突出、农村社会结构深刻变动、城乡发展加快融合的态势，全面建成小康社会的重点难点仍然在农村。

必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重，这是历史经验的科学总结，既管当前，也管长远，是长期指导思想。农村土地制度关乎农村的根本稳定，也关乎中国的长远发展，其核心是要保障农民的财产权益，底线是严守1 8亿亩耕地红线。

要坚持以家庭承包经营为基础，支持发展多种形式新型农民合作组织和多层次的农业社会化服务组织，逐步构建集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系，始终注重保护法律赋予农民的财产权利，调动农民积极性。

毫不放松粮食生产，建设高标准基本农田，推广先进技术，增强农业综合生产能力，保障粮食和重要农产品的有效供给。要继续加大“三农”投入，加强农村基础设施建设和基本公共服务体系建设，推动城乡发展一体化，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡 一体的新型工农、城乡关系。要采取有效措施，稳定农业生产经营队伍，积极培育新型农民。

城镇化是我国现代化建设的历史任务，与农业现代化相辅相成。要遵循城镇化的客观规律，积极稳妥推动城镇化健康发展。坚持科学规划、合理布局、城乡统筹、节约用地、因地制宜、提高质量。

特大城市和大城市要合理控制规模，充分发挥辐射带动作用；中小城市和小城镇要增强产业发展、公共服务、吸纳就业、人口集聚功能。

加快推进户籍制度、社会管理体制和相关制度改革，有序推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步实现城镇基本公共服务覆盖常住人口，为人们自由迁徙、安居乐业创造公平的制度环境。村庄建设要注意保持乡村风貌，营造宜居环境，使城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。

（三）以保障和改善民生为重点，全面提高人民物质文化生活水平。

2003年抗击突如其来的非典疫情给我们的重要启示之一，就是要统筹经济社会发展。这些年我们在发展经济的同时，更加重视保障改善民生和发展社会事业，政府工作力度之大、财政投入资金之多前所未有。

经过不懈努力，我国经济社会发展的协调性明显增强。当前社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会矛盾明显增多。我们必须把保障和改善民生作为政府一切工作的出发点和落脚点，放在更加突出的位置，着力加强社会建设。

千方百计扩大就业。坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，通过稳定经济增长和调整经济结构增加就业岗位，加强职业技能培训，提高劳动者就业创业能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就业服务体系，鼓励创业带动就业，做好重点人群就业工作，促进城乡居民收入持续稳定增长。

完善社会保障制度。坚持全覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续方针，不断扩大社会保障覆盖面，提高统筹层次和保障水平，加强各项制度的完善和衔接，增强公平性，适应流动性，保证可持续性。

今年企业退休人员基本养老金继续提高10%，城乡低保和优抚对象补助标准也进一步提高。要加大对社会养老服务体系和儿童福利机构建设的支持力度。

深化医药卫生事业改革发展。巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制，加快公立医院改革，鼓励社会办医。扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展。健全全民医保体系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助机制，全面开展儿童白血病等20种重大疾病保障试点工作。

今年新农合和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准由25元提高到30元。

逐步完善人口政策。坚持计划生育基本国策，适应我国人口总量和结构变动趋势，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题，促进人口长期均衡发展。重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业。

加强和创新社会管理。改进政府提供公共服务方式，加强基层社会管理和服务体系建设，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业。

改革社会组织管理体制，引导社会组织健康有序发展。建立健全维护群众权益机制，完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动的工作体系，健全法律援助制度，推动涉法涉诉信访工作改革，畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障渠道，健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估和突发事件应急管理机制，维护社会公共安全，促进社会和谐稳定。

食品药品安全是人们关注的突出问题，要改革和健全食品药品安全监管体制，加强综合协调联动，落实企业主体责任，严格从生产源头到消费的全程监管，加快形成符合国情、科学合理的食品药品安全体系，提升食品药品安全保障水平。强化公共安全体系和企业安全生产基础建设，遏制重特大安全事故。

加强房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。坚决抑制投机、投资性需求，抓紧完善稳定房价工作责任制和房地产市场调控政策体系，健全房地产市场稳定健康发展长效机制。

继续抓好保障性安居工程建设和管理，让老百姓住上放心房、满意房。今年城镇保障性住房基本建成470万套、新开工630万套，继续推进农村危房改造。

教育和科技在现代化建设中具有基础性、先导性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脉和人民的精神家园，必须放在更加重要的战略位置。

深化科技体制改革。推动科技与经济紧密结合，着力构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。瞄准关系全局和长远发展的战略必争领域，加强基础研究、前沿先导技术研究。

健全科技资源开放共享机制，完善支持科技发展和成果应用转化的财税、金融、产业技术和人才政策，创造公平开放的创新环境，最大限度地调动广大科技工作者的积极性、主动性，激发全社会的创新活力。

扎实推进文化建设。把文化改革发展纳入经济社会发展总体规划，列入各级政府效能和领导干部政绩考核体系，推动文化事业全面繁荣、文化产业快速发展。

政府要履行好发展公益性文化事业的责任，加快推进重点文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服务体系。广泛开展全民健身运动，促进群众体育和竞技体育全面发展。

大力加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德教育。推动诚信体系建设，以政务诚信带动商务诚信和社会诚信，形成良好的社会风尚。

（四）以更大的政治勇气和智慧，深入推进改革开放。

改革开放是国家发展进步的根本动力。只有坚持改革开放，才能把我们的事业继续推向前进。我国改革已进入攻坚阶段，必须进一步解放思想，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等领域的改革，不断把改革引向深入。

要进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展，形成各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。深化国有企业改革以及重点行业改革。

加快财税体制改革，理顺中央和地方财力与事权的关系，完善公共财政体系，构建地方税体系，促进形成有利于结构优化、社会公平的税收制度。

深化金融体制改革，健全促进实体经济发展的现代金融体系，提高银行、证券、保险等行业竞争力，加快发展多层次资本市场，稳步推进利率、汇率市场化改革，扩大人民币跨境使用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换。

深化投融资体制改革，推进价格改革，健全资源性产品价格形成机制。继续积极稳妥推进事业单位分类改革。收入分配制度是经济社会发展中一项根本性、基础性的制度，是社会主义市场经济体制的重要基石。

我们已经制定了深化收入分配制度改革若干意见，要抓紧研究制定具体政策，确保制度建设到位、政策落实到位，有效解决收入分配领域存在的问题，缩小收入分配差距，使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民。

要推进社会主义民主法治建设。坚持人民主体地位，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，保证人民依法享有广泛权利和自由，促进人的全面发展。

坚持依法治国，充分尊重宪法和法律的权威，确保决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调，确保国家行政机关按照法定权限和程序行使权力。坚持转变政府职能，推进政企分开、政资分开、政事分开、政社分开，建立职能科学、结构优化、廉洁高效、人民满意的服务型政府。

坚持改进工作作风、密切联系群众，提倡艰苦奋斗，厉行勤俭节约，反对铺张浪费，克服形式主义、官僚主义。坚持民主监督、法律监督、舆论监督，健全权力运行制约和监督体系，让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行。

坚持反对腐败，加强廉政建设，从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况，做到干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。

国内外形势的深刻变化，对我国开放型经济发展提出了新的更高要求。要坚持对外开放的基本国策，实行更加积极主动的开放战略。

坚持把稳定出口和扩大进口结合起来，推动对外贸易从规模扩张向质量效益提高转变、从成本和价格优势向综合竞争优势转变，促进形成以技术、品牌、质量、服务为核心的出口竞争新优势；坚持把利用外资与对外投资结合起来，支持企业“走出去”，拓展经济发展的新空间；坚持把深化沿海开放与扩大内陆和沿边开放结合起来，加快形成各具特色、优势互补、分工协作、均衡协调的区域开放格局；坚持把向发达国家开放与向发展中国家开放结合起来，扩大和深化同各方利益汇合点。

各位代表！我们要全面正确贯彻党的民族政策，坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系。

我们要全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，促进宗教关系和谐，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在经济社会发展中的积极作用。

我们要认真落实党的侨务政策，支持海外侨胞、归侨侨眷关心和参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。

我们要加快推进国防和军队现代化，建设巩固的国防和强大的军队，坚决维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，保障国家和平发展。

我们要坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方针，团结广大港澳同胞，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。

我们要坚持中央对台工作大政方针，全面贯彻两岸关系和平发展重要思想，巩固深化两岸关系和平发展的政治、经济、文化、社会基础，在同心实现中华民族伟大复兴进程中完成祖国统一大业。

我们要继续高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，推动世界持久和平、共同繁荣。

各位代表！回顾过去，我们在中国特色社会主义道路上创造出不平凡的业绩。展望未来，伟大祖国展现出前所未有的光明前景。让我们在以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导下，万众一心，奋发图强，为全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族的伟大复兴而奋斗！

第二篇：政府工作报告2008年3月5日(英文版)

Report on the Work of the Government(2008)

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years The past five years since the First Session of the 10th National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the 16th CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded 1.52 trillion U.S.dollars.1 The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached 2.17 trillion dollars in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned space flights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Old field.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million KW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million KW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.-There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.-More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.-Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the U.S.sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.-The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies，The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows: First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and

do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all

types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the

development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and

intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.35 Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.36 We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent

goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.38

We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve

and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic

disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state

plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.42 We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase

employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development

of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to

entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.46 In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and

extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent

environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of

administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.50

第三篇：政府工作报告2001年3月5日(英文版)

Report on the Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development(2001)

(Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 5, 2001)

Zhu Rongji

Premier of the State Council

_____________

Notes:

1.News dispatches are embargoed until the conclusion of today's meeting.2.The official version of this speech in Chinese will be released by the Xinhua News Agency.Fellow Deputies，Beginning this year, China will implement the first five-year plan for the new century.The Proposal of the CPC Central Committee for the Formulation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development was adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifteenth CPC Central Committee.The Proposal defined objectives, guiding principles and major tasks for China's national economic and social development during the next five years.In the spirit of the Proposal and on the basis of opinions solicited from all sectors of society, the State Council has drawn up the Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development(Draft)of the People's Republic of China.On behalf of the State Council, I now make my report to you and present the Outline(Draft)for your consideration and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.I.Review of National Economic and Social Development During the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period

Over the past five years, the people of all ethnic groups worked hard together, blazed new trails with a pioneering spirit, and obtained great achievements in all fields of endeavor under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.The national economy experienced sustained, rapid and sound development, and overall national strength continued to grow.In the five years, China's GDP increased by an average annual rate of 8.3% and reached 8.9404 trillion yuan in 2000.The mission of quadrupling the per capita GNP of 1980 has been overfulfilled.As the economy continued to grow and economic performance improved, national revenue in 2000 reached 1.338 trillion yuan, an average increase of 16.5% annually.The output of major industrial and agricultural products now stands in the front ranks of the world's economies, and commodity shortages were by and large eliminated.Progress was made in industrial restructuring.The quantities of grain and other major agricultural products we are capable of producing increased noticeably, marking a historic change from a long-term shortage of agricultural products to a basic balance in their total supply and demand, with even a surplus during good harvest years.Good results were achieved in eliminating outmoded industrial production capacity, reducing excess production capacity and upgrading technology in key enterprises.Information technology and other new and high-tech industries grew rapidly.Marked success was achieved in infrastructure development, alleviating bottlenecks in energy, transportation, communication, and raw and processed materials.Economic restructuring was extensively carried forward, and a socialist market economy was preliminarily established.Significant advances were made in the establishment of a modern corporate structure in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises.Most key state enterprises became corporations, and a considerable number of them were listed on stock markets inside or outside China.There was a marked reduction of losses and increase of profits in enterprises, and total profits from state-owned industrial enterprises and from the industrial enterprises with a controlling share held by the state reached 239.2 billion yuan in 2000, an increase of 190% over the 1997 figure.The objectives of reforming large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and turning around loss-generating operations within three years were basically attained.At the same time that public sectors of the economy further developed, private and individual sectors also grew rapidly.The market system continued to improve, and the supply of capital, technology and labor expanded rapidly.The basic role of the market in the allocation of resources was noticeably enhanced.The system of finance and taxation continued to improve.Banking reform was accelerated.Major progress was made in the reform of the urban housing system, the social security system and government institutions.The state macro-regulation system was further strengthened.We opened wider to the outside world, and the pattern of all-round opening took basic shape.Reform of the foreign trade system steadily progressed, and the internationally-oriented economy grew rapidly.The total volume of China's imports and exports reached US$474.3 billion in 2000, with exports accounting for US$249.2 billion, a rise of 69% and 67% respectively over the 1995 figures.The mix of exports improved, and the proportion of electromechanical products and high-tech products increased.The spheres of activity open to foreign businesses were gradually widened, and the investment environment was improved.Foreign investment was increased and better utilized.More than US$289.4 billion in foreign funds were put to use during the past five years, an increase of 79.6% over the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan.China's foreign exchange reserves totaled US$165.6 billion at the end of 2000, US$92 billion more than in 1995.People's living standards continued to improve, and generally people began to lead a relatively comfortable life.In 2000 the per capita net income of rural dwellers and the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 2,253 yuan and 6,280 yuan respectively, increasing by 4.7% and 5.7% annually in real terms.There was abundant supply of commodities;the level of consumption continued to rise, and the total volume of retail sales of consumer goods increased by an average annual rate of 10.6%.Housing, telecommunications, electricity and other aspects of living conditions for both urban and rural residents improved considerably.Personal savings deposits of residents increased by more than 100% over the past five years.The value of stocks, bonds and other financial assets increased rapidly.The number of people below the poverty line in rural areas decreased drastically.The objectives set in the seven-year plan to help 80 million people get out of poverty were basically attained.The development of science, technology and education was accelerated, and other social undertakings progressed in a comprehensive way.The March 1986 Program to stimulate the development of high technologies was implemented successfully.A number of major results were achieved in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics, information technology, materials science, bioengineering and other high technologies.New advances were made in basic and applied research.The transformation of applied research institutes under government departments into enterprises has been basically accomplished, and restructuring of other research institutes has been carried out in a comprehensive way.The process of getting scientific and technological achievements to the market and applying them in production was accelerated.Progress was made in strengthening various types of education at all levels.Initial success was achieved in fulfilling the objectives of making nine-year compulsory education basically universal in the country and eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people.Major progress was made in the reform of the management system of higher education.The increase of university and college enrollment was widely appreciated by the general public.New advances were made in population management and family planning.Great efforts were made in ecological conservation and environmental protection.Culture, public health, sports and other social undertakings continued to develop.Successive results were achieved in building a clean and honest government and in the struggle against corruption.The administration of all facets of public security was improved.New progress was made in improving socialist spiritual civilization, democracy and the legal system.Continuing progress was made in modernizing national defense and the armed services.During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the Chinese government resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao, and historic progress was made in the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the embrace of the motherland, the principle of “one country, two systems” and the basic laws of the two regions have been implemented in a comprehensive way.Outstanding achievements were made in the work of the governments of the special administrative regions.Social stability and economic development were secured in Hong Kong and Macao.With the fulfillment of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, we attained the strategic objectives for the second stage of China's modernization drive, which laid a solid foundation for undertaking the Tenth Five-Year Plan and moving on to the third stage.This constituted a great achievement in China's socialist modernization drive and a new milestone in the progress of the Chinese nation.These tremendous achievements in economic and social development during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period were hard-won victories over numerous difficulties.We successfully coped with the challenges posed by unexpected international events.We protected ourselves from the impact of the Asian financial crisis.We controlled inflation during the initial stage of the Ninth Five-Year Plan and curbed deflation in the middle and late stages.We also conquered severe floods and droughts.We attained these achievements thanks to the timely and correct policy decisions made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core in the face of numerous problems and difficulties and to the concerted efforts of the people throughout the country.On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to pay my highest respects to the people of all ethnic groups.You have all been working hard and making contributions in your own fields of endeavor.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taiwan, as well as to overseas Chinese who have shown their concern and support for the development and reunification of the country.During the implementation of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, we have accumulated a wealth of experience in improving macro-economic management and regulation to meet the requirements for developing a socialist market economy.First, we have solved problems blocking our advance by stimulating economic development.Development is the fundamental principle.In the face of various social problems, we have always made economic development the central task and adopted effective measures to promote a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy, thus providing a foundation for handling other problems properly.Meanwhile, we adhered to the principle of “doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each”.We increased our efforts to improve socialist spiritual civilization, democracy and the legal system, and this has created a good political and social environment and provided a strong impetus for economic development.Second, we made timely adjustments to the macro-control policy in accordance with the changing economic situation.In dealing with inflation, we paid attention to ensuring sustained expansion of the economy and a successful “soft-landing”.In curbing deflation, we adhered to the principle of boosting domestic demand, resolutely enforced a proactive fiscal policy, and improved various policies and measures in the course of experience.We issued additional national bonds and expanded investment on the one hand, and we appropriately increased the income of the medium-and low-income urban residents and encouraged more consumption on the other, thus stimulating economic growth.We also adopted such measures as raising the export tax rebate rate and cracking down on smuggling in order to expand exports, achieve a balance of international payments, and keep the value of RMB stable.We implemented prudent monetary policies, adjusted interest rates and adopted many other measures to support economic growth.At the same time, we regulated the monetary supply, guided the direction of credit, and guarded against and reduced financial risks.Third, we integrated the expansion of domestic demand with economic restructuring.In view of the over-productivity in the general processing industries, investments from national bonds were mainly put into infrastructure development.Investment in agriculture, science, technology and education was also increased, and support was rendered for technological upgrading in enterprises.We made use of the surplus production capacity in the capital goods industry to accomplish some large undertakings we had been wanting to but were unable to do for years.By so doing, we stimulated economic growth and increased the stamina for further economic development.Fourth, we balanced reform, development and stability.Under complicated and difficult conditions, instead of coming to a halt, reform pressed forward vigorously and in an orderly manner, giving a powerful impetus to economic development.In the meantime, attention was paid to adjusting the magnitude of reform to the tolerance of the people.When economic restructuring and deepening reform unavoidably touched deep-seated interests, great attention was paid and various policies and measures were adopted to safeguard the fundamental interests of the general public.Vigorous efforts were made to implement re-employment projects and ensure that laid-off workers receive their basic living expenses and retirees their old-age pension payment on time and in full.The farmers' surplus grains were purchased without restriction at a protective price.All these measures helped to safeguard social stability and achieve sustained economic growth.While fully affirming our achievements, we are clearly aware that there are still numerous problems in our economic and social life.The principal problems are as follows: inappropriate industrial structure and non-coordinated development of local economies;low overall quality of the national economy and low competitiveness in the international market;imperfections in the socialist market economy and conspicuous systematic factors hampering the development of productive forces;a comparatively backward state of science, technology and education, and relatively weak innovative ability in science and technology;a shortage of important resources such as water and petroleum and the deterioration of the ecological environment in some regions;growing employment pressure, slow income increase of farmers and some urban residents, and an increasing income gap;considerable disorder in some areas of the market economy;frequent occurrences of grave accidents;serious corruption, extravagance and waste, formalism and bureaucratism;and poor public order in some localities.The causes for these problems are rather complicated, but they are not unrelated to shortcomings and errors in our work.We must pay great attention to them and take further steps to solve them.II.The Objectives and Guiding Principles of the Tenth Five-Year Plan

Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century, it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development.The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum.The economic globalization trend is gaining strength.Many countries are actively restructuring their industries, and our neighboring countries are accelerating their development.This international environment presents a severe challenge and a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.At home, we are at a crucial juncture in economic restructuring, and reform is in a very difficult period.Our entry into the World Trade Organization will bring us a number of new problems.We are facing many arduous tasks.Many deep-seated problems need to be solved.All this requires us to seize the opportunity and accelerate development.At the same time, there are many favorable conditions for our national economy to achieve rather rapid development over a fairly long period.In light of the situation and tasks facing us during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the Outline sets forth the main targets for economic and social development in the next five years as follows: maintain a fairly rapid growth rate in the national economy, achieve noticeable success in the strategic restructuring of the economy, and make marked improvement in the quality and benefits of economic growth to lay a solid foundation for doubling the 2000 GDP by 2010;make significant progress in establishing a modern corporate structure in state-owned enterprises, increase the soundness of the social security system, improve the socialist market economy, and open wider to the outside world and strengthen cooperation with other countries;expand avenues of employment, increase the income of urban and rural residents steadily, improve people's material and cultural standards of living, and improve ecological conservation and environmental protection;accelerate the development of science, technology and education, further improve the quality of the Chinese people, and achieve marked progress in improving spiritual civilization, democracy and the legal system.The Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan embodies the following major guiding principles.Making Development the Central Theme.We stress a balance between high growth rate and good economic returns and attaining fairly rapid growth by improving economic returns.Sound economic growth must be based on strong market demand and good economic returns.This is a fundamental principle.Based on an overall analysis of conditions in all sectors of the economy, we have set the target for the average annual economic growth rate in the Tenth Five-Year Plan period at around 7%.Though slightly lower than the actual growth rate of the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, it is still fairly high.Arduous efforts have to be made to attain this target through better economic performance.However, as there exist some uncertainties both at home and abroad, we have to leave some leeway when defining our target.This will help people focus on restructuring and improving economic returns, and also help prevent overheating of the economy and redundant development.Concentrating on economic restructuring.We have already reached the point where we cannot further develop the economy without making structural adjustments.Under the old economic structure and its crude manner of growth, products will not be marketable, and it will be impossible to sustain resources and preserve the environment.We must adjust the economic structure in developing the economy and maintain a relatively rapid growth in structural adjustments.In the next five years, efforts should be intensified to adjust the patterns of economic development between different industries, between different regions, and between urban and rural areas, with emphasis on the industrial structure.We should stabilize and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy, accelerate industrial reform, reorganization, upgrading and optimization, vigorously develop the service industry, accelerate efforts to base the national economy and society on information, and continue to reinforce the infrastructure.Making reform and opening up and technological progress the driving force.The success of both economic development and structural adjustment depends on institutional, scientific and technological innovation.In the next five years, we must unswervingly pursue reform, open China wider to the outside world, and break down the institutional obstacles to the development of productive forces.This will provide a strong impetus for economic and social development.In addition, we have to give priority to the development of science, technology and education, further implement the strategy of developing China through science and education, invigorate science and technology, train more skilled personnel, and better integrate science, technology and education with the economy.Making improvement of the people's living standards the basic starting point.Raising the people's living standards in both urban and rural areas is the basic goal of our economic development and a crucial factor for expanding domestic demand and stimulating sustained economic growth.We must give priority to raising the people's living standards.To accomplish this we must create more jobs, increase personal income, distribute income more equitably, improve the social security system, and ensure a more comfortable life for the people.Coordinating economic development with social development.We should make great efforts to improve socialist spiritual civilization, democracy and the legal system, balance reform, development and stability, accelerate development of various social undertakings, and ensure social stability.We need to pay close attention to and solve issues of population, resources and the ecological environment, take further steps to implement the strategy of sustainable development, and stimulate coordinated economic, social and environmental development.The Outline for the Tenth Five-Year Plan emphasizes its strategic, macro-economic and policy characteristics.It contains fewer specific targets and sets more tentative ones adjustable to structural changes.The Outline focuses on key development areas and the settlement of major problems, orients our efforts, and presents corresponding policies and measures.It stresses that the role of market mechanisms should be fully exercised in the implementation of the Plan, and that economic levers, economic policy and legislation be further employed in the government's macro-control.In the process of formulating the Plan, we need to encourage more participation by all elements of society, thus making it a process of giving full scope to democracy, absorbing all useful ideas, and reaching agreement among all sides.III.Strengthening Agriculture as the Foundation of the Economy and Striving to Increase Farmers' Income

Agriculture, rural areas and farmers are of great importance to the reform, opening up and modernization drive.During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, we need to give top priority to implementing the Party's basic rural policy, strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy and increasing farmers' income.We must focus on the following aspects of this work:

Accelerating restructuring of agricultural production and the development of the rural economy.This is the fundamental way to improve economic returns in agriculture and increase farmers' income.While effectively protecting the cultivated land and stabilizing our grain production capacities, we need to restructure the patterns of farming, focusing on improving strains, quality and economic returns.We need to accelerate the development of animal husbandry, forestry and aquaculture.We need to adjust the patterns of agricultural production appropriately in different regions, taking into account their local comparative advantages.Agricultural production needs to be developed in light of local characteristics, and scale of economy and specialization need to be developed to raise the proportion of production marketed.Great efforts need to be exerted to promote the industrial management of agricultural production, to support leading enterprises, and to spread the practice of farmers working with companies or producing crops on a contract basis.We need to develop industries for processing, storing and transporting agricultural products and keeping them fresh in order to gain better returns from intensive processing of agricultural products.Town and township enterprises need guidance in restructuring, technological progress and institutional innovations.Small towns and cities need to be expanded;their economies need to be made prosperous;and steady progress needs to be made in urbanization in order to increase job opportunities and sources of income for farmers.We need to work diligently to reinvigorate agriculture through science and education.We need to strengthen the research, development and application of biotechnology, information technology and other high and new technologies, and spread the use of improved strains and advanced technologies.Great efforts need to be made to stimulate the industrialization of agriculture by applying agricultural science and technology.We need to improve the socialized service system for agriculture.Market information systems for agricultural products need to be established and standards and inspection procedures need to be formulated to ensure food safety and quality.In restructuring agriculture, we need to proceed in light of local conditions and follow the principles governing the development of the market, and we need to protect farmers' right to independence in production and operation and refrain from pressure and coercion.Actively promoting the reforms in rural areas.While keeping the system of stable, long-term land contracts as a foundation, areas where conditions permit should be encouraged to explore a land operation rights transfer system.In light of the new situation in grain production and distribution, we need to continue to deepen the reform of the grain distribution system.While increasing the central grain reserves appropriately, the main grain-consuming areas should accelerate the pace of market-oriented grain distribution, and their need for grain should be met by establishing long-term and stable purchase and sale relations with the main grain-producing areas and by renewing and regulating the central grain reserves.The relevant departments in the main grain-producing areas should continue to adhere to the three policies of purchasing surplus grain from farmers without limit at protective prices, of having state-owned grain purchase and wholesale businesses sell grain at a profit, and of ensuring closed operation of grain purchase funds and the reform of state-owned grain purchase and wholesale businesses.These departments need to purchase surplus grain from farmers without limit at protective prices, and they will continue to receive funds from the central treasury to make full use of their superiority in grain production.This will expand the grain market for the main grain-producing areas and promote a reasonable rise in grain prices.This will also be conducive to adjusting the agricultural structure in the main grain-consuming areas and broadly increasing farmers' incomes.Basic farmland should be protected, and conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural land without authorization will never be allowed.This is where we draw the line.The system of administrative fees and taxes in rural areas needs to be reformed by abolishing all administrative fees imposed exclusively on farmers, such as contributions to township and village public accumulation funds and at the same time by raising the current rates of agricultural tax and special agricultural product tax where it is appropriate.This is a sound policy for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and reducing their burden.Reform needs to be accelerated with a review of the experience gained from pilot projects in Anhui Province.As a result of the reform of taxes and administrative fees, it will be necessary to decrease the number of the administrative bodies and employees in towns and townships, and reduce the number of village and group functionaries receiving government subsidies.It will be necessary to dissolve or merge some townships and towns where conditions permit.We need to continue to deepen the financial reform in rural areas and actively seek a financial system that helps stimulate rural economic development.It is necessary to accelerate the reform of the management system for rural credit cooperatives in light of local conditions.It is of particular importance to clearly establish ownership, exercising better control over rural credit cooperatives by bringing them within the legal person framework, and hold individuals responsible for preventing and defusing financial risks.Adhering to their mission of serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers, rural credit cooperatives must strengthen their operation and management, and expand their roles as the dominant financial force in rural areas and as the financial link between farmers.The Agricultural Bank of China and other financial institutions should also give more support to agriculture and the rural economy.The reform of rural supply and marketing cooperatives should be deepened.Stepping up the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure.More investments need to be made to accelerate the harnessing of big rivers and lakes.No time can be lost in constructing pivotal projects on major rivers and reinforcing decaying reservoirs to improve their flood-control, flow-management and storage capabilities.Great efforts need to be made to upgrade the water conservancy projects in large irrigated areas, and farmers need to be encouraged to play a more active role in building irrigation and water conservancy projects.We should do a good job in water and soil conservation.Efforts to build national commodity grain bases and quality agricultural product bases need to be intensified to stimulate comprehensive agricultural development.We need to continue to increase the construction of power grids, telecommunications, radio and television installations, roads and water supply facilities in rural areas to improve the production, living and marketing conditions there.Continuing to fight poverty in rural areas.Although the seven-year plan to help 80 million people out of poverty has been basically fulfilled, it will be an arduous task for a long time to bring about a fundamental change for the better in poverty-stricken areas.We need to intensify our efforts to fight poverty and priority needs to be given in our anti-poverty endeavor to ethnic minority areas in central and western China, the old revolutionary base areas, border areas and destitute areas.Assistance to the poor needs to continue to be development-oriented.More funds need to be put into anti-poverty efforts in every possible way.We need to expand the scale of programs that provide jobs as a form of relief and support efforts in poverty-stricken areas to improve the infrastructure.IV.Energetically Optimizing and Improving Industrial Structure

Readjusting and improving industrial structure is the key to the strategic restructuring of the economy.We must stress the following aspects.Enhancing traditional industries with high, new and advanced technologies.We need to pay close attention to the restructuring and reform of traditional industries.In these industries enterprises are the main entities, and they should be directed by the market and supported by technological advances.The following measures should be taken.First, we need to increase product variety, improve product quality, save on energy, reduce waste, prevent and control pollution, and increase productivity.These measures are most important in the energy, metallurgy, chemical, machinery, automobile, building materials, construction, textile and light industries.Support should be given to a number of key enterprises for technological renovation to improve their technology and equipment.Second, we need to speed up development of universal, key and accessory technology that can stimulate structural advancement by depending on both domestic innovation and imported technology.We need to stimulate equipment manufacturing and design and build complete plants of large, advanced and highly-efficient equipment urgently needed in China.Third, in major industries, we need to encourage the establishment of a number of large companies and enterprise groups through stock listing, merging, association and reorganization.Such companies and groups need to have their own intellectual property rights, core products and a strong central leadership, and they should become key players and pillars in industrial readjustment and advancement.Fourth, we need to support and promote renovation of old industrial bases, fully utilizing their strong foundation and concentration of talent to raise their production levels.The cities and large mining areas which depend on the exploitation of mineral resources should develop other industries to substitute for mining in light of local condition.At the same time, we need to take economic, legal and necessary administrative measures to continue closing down plants and mines that produce shoddy goods, waste resources, cause serious pollution, or operate under unsafe conditions.Outmoded and surplus production capacity needs to be abandoned or reduced.Relocation and reconstruction of these outmoded facilities will be prohibited.Enterprises that have been in the red for long with little hope of recovery and whose debts surpass assets should be allowed to go bankrupt, and mines with exhausted resources should be closed.We should take the initiative to facilitate and gradually standardize the channels for encouraging such enterprises to quit the market.Developing new and high-tech industries, and using information technology to stimulate industrialization.In accordance with actual situations, we need to selectively stimulate development of new and high-tech industries such as information technology, bioengineering and materials science.We need to lend support to important high-tech projects, such as high-speed, wide-band information networks, key integrated circuits and new-type carrier rockets in order to strengthen China's new and high-tech industries on an overall as well as individual basis.We need to expand the manufacturing of information technology products, develop the ability to manufacture all components of integrated systems, and enhance our capability for independent development.We also need to develop the software industry, strengthen the development of the information infrastructure, and apply digital and network technologies extensively in the technical development, production and marketing activities of enterprises, and in public services and government administration, so that industrialization and the information revolution go hand in hand.Intensifying construction of water conservation, transportation, energy and other infrastructural facilities and attaching great importance to strategic issues concerning resources.Lack of water resources is a serious limitation on the economic and social development of our country.We need to put water conservation high on our work agenda, establish a rational system for management of water resources and a rational pricing mechanism, comprehensively adopt water conservation technologies and measures, develop water-efficient industries, and raise the entire society's awareness of water conservation.Prevention and control of water pollution should be strengthened.We should improve sewage treatment and utilization.We need to expedite the planning and building of projects to divert water from the south to the north.In transportation, we need to build highways, railways, ports, channels, airports and pipelines in order to establish a comprehensive modern transportation system that is unimpeded, safe and convenient.Energy, oil in particular, is of strategic importance.Domestic development and production of oil can no longer keep pace with the needs of the country's economic and social development, resulting in an increasing imbalance between oil supply and demand.Therefore, we need to take all possible measures to conserve and substitute for oil, accelerate exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas resources, and make effective use of overseas resources.We need to institute a system for preserving strategic resources such as oil as soon as possible.We need to vigorously carry forward the renovation of large coal mines, construct highly productive and efficient mines, and place special emphasis on the development and utilization of clean coal technology.While making full use of existing power-generating capacity, we need to develop hydroelectric power and build large-scale thermal power plants near coal mines, reduce small thermal power stations, and moderately develop nuclear power.We should strengthen the construction and upgrading of power grids in urban and rural areas and work to complete nationwide network.We should further reform the power management system, gradually allow power plants and grids to operate separately, and institute bidding for the power supply.Emphasis should be placed on the development of all types of new energy.Accelerating development of the service industry.This is an important avenue for stimulating economic restructuring and increasing employment.Actively developing modern services, such as information services, banking, accounting, consulting and law, will help raise the overall quality of the service industry.Up-to-date management and technology should be applied to renovate traditional service sectors, such as internal and foreign trade, transportation and municipal services, to improve their quality and efficiency.Services for urban consumers, such as real estate, community services, tourism, catering services, entertainment and fitness services need to be expanded.We need to deepen reform and adopt necessary policies and measures to create an environment favorable for the development of the service industry.V.Implementing the Strategy for Developing the Western Region to Promote Coordinated Progress of Different Areas

Carrying out the strategy for western-region development to accelerate the development of the central and western regions is a major step taken to achieve the strategic goals of the third stage of the country's modernization drive.During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we need to place emphasis on key projects for a good beginning of the program.Construction of infrastructure and protection of the ecological environment should take priority, and we should strive for major breakthroughs within five to ten years.At the same time, we hope to develop science, technology, and education considerably.We must focus on a number of major projects of strategic significance, such as the transmission of natural gas and electricity from western to eastern regions and the planned Qinghai-Tibet Railway.We need to give priority to protecting, economizing and exploiting water resources through careful planning and rational allocation in order to ensure better utilization of water.We need to steadily proceed with major projects for protecting natural forests in light of local conditions, returning cultivated land to forests or pastures, preventing and controlling desertification, and protecting grassland.Great attention should be paid to the ecological self-regeneration capacity.We should connect these projects to form an ecological green belt in the western region.We need to vigorously improve education to train professionals and workers much needed in various fields.We need to increase investment in scientific and technological development.Localities should cultivate individualized local economies by adjusting and optimizing their industrial system, and by strengthening agriculture and by accelerating the transformation of resource advantages into economic advantages.In developing the western region, we need to begin work at places along major transportation routes, such as the Eurasian Continental Bridge, the Yangtze River, and the routes in the southwestern part of the country leading to the sea.Major cities connected by such lines should serve as economic centers and play leading roles in the development of their adjacent areas.We should particularly foster the economic zones along the Tongguan-Lanzhou-Urumqi line, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Nanning-Guiyang-Kunming line to promote development of the surrounding areas.The State Council has already promulgated a number of policies and measures to support the development of the western region.The state will invest more in the west and increase transfer payments from the national budget to local budgets there.However, people in the western region should rely primarily on their own efforts and hard work over the long haul.We need to accelerate reform and opening up and create a sound investment environment to attract more funds, technology and human resources from home and abroad to the western region.We also need to increase the exchange of cadres.The central region should make use of its regional advantages and its comprehensive advantages of resources to accelerate its pace of economic growth.It should focus on areas with main water and land transportation lines, make full use of the role of major cities and actively foster new loci of economic growth and new economic belts.It should consolidate and develop agriculture and continue to strengthen construction of infrastructural facilities and ecological projects.It should step up efforts to upgrade traditional industries with high, new and advanced technologies and raise its technological level and competitiveness.The eastern coastal region should be oriented towards both the domestic and international markets.Priority tasks are to accelerate scientific and technological progress and innovation, to develop industries applying high and new technology, and to develop the internationally-oriented economy to improve its general performance and its competitiveness in the international market.Areas where conditions permit should take the lead in modernization.The eastern region should strengthen its economic and technological cooperation with the central and western regions by various means to support and stimulate their economic development and to increase its own flexibility for structural adjustment and economic growth at the same time.VI.Implementing the Strategy of Developing China Through Science and Education and Vigorously Tapping Human Resources

This is an important component of the Outline as well as an important guarantee for accomplishing the various tasks during the next five years.Stimulating scientific and technological progress and innovation to give a strong impetus to structural readjustment and economic development.First, we need to vigorously conduct strategically significant high technology research, strive to make breakthroughs in some key technological fields that have a direct bearing on economic lifelines and national security, improve our innovative capability, and accelerate the application of high and new technology in production.Second, technological support needs to be provided for the upgrading of traditional industries.We need to concentrate on making technological progress in the processing and converting of agricultural products, manufacturing equipment, conserving water and energy, and finishing textiles.We also need to accelerate the application of high and new technology in traditional industries.Third, we need to strengthen basic research and applied basic research and improve our ability to make sustained progress in scientific and technological innovation.We need to strengthen pioneering and interdisciplinary research in key fields of the basic sciences.We have to increase basic research in selected fields where we have been doing well and which have a great bearing on development, and we have to strive to make fresh progress in the important fields of genomics, information technology, nanoscience, ecology and geoscience.We have to facilitate the integration of natural and social sciences and promote the development of management science.Emphasis should be placed on the development of philosophy and other social sciences and the advances of theoretical innovation.We need to accelerate the reform of the structure of scientific disciplines and technological fields and promote the closer connection of science and technology with the economy.Efforts to develop a state system to stimulate innovation need to be increased, and enterprises should be encouraged to play an important role in technological progress and innovation.We need to continue to encourage research institutes engaged in technological development to merge with enterprises or be turned into enterprises, push forward the reform of non-profit research institutes, and establish a number of research institutes that can exert international influence.We need to develop agencies providing scientific and technological services.We need to improve the venture capital investment mechanism, establish a growth enterprise market, and support small and medium-sized enterprises in technological innovation.The state and the society need to invest more in science and technology.Great efforts have to be made to build national key laboratories.Persisting in the appropriate development of future-oriented education to serve national economic and social development.In developing education, we should meet the needs of modernization, the world and the future, and concentrate on improving quality-oriented education to ensure that students improve in terms of their moral qualities, intellectual ability, physical fitness and aesthetic appreciation.We need to consolidate the achievements of making nine-year compulsory education basically universal in the country and eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, accelerate the expansion of senior secondary school education and higher education, and develop high-level programs in selected universities and disciplines.Great efforts have to be made to develop vocational education and training and to establish an educational system featuring the integration of vocational education with general education.We need to develop adult education and various forms of continuing education and gradually establish a system of lifelong education.Great emphasis should be placed on children's early education.Information technology needs to be used to develop long-distance education.In light of the needs of economic and social development, we need to continue to revise the educational structure and organization, optimize the division of disciplines, update teaching materials, reform the curriculum, examination and evaluation systems, improve the methods and quality of instruction, strengthen moral education, especially for young people, improve ideological and political work, recruit a strong corps of capable teachers, and raise the ideological and professional levels of teachers.We need to deepen the reform of the systems for operating schools and managing education.We need to allow institutions of higher learning to make operating decisions according to law, and to continue the transformation to a system of independent operation of support services in universities and colleges.We need to encourage and help all sectors of society to run schools, and we need to exercise oversight over their operation.In light of new conditions following the reform of taxes and fees in rural areas, county governments should be responsible for overall planning of spending for elementary education.Measures must be implemented to guarantee the coordinated payment of teachers' salaries.The state and society need to invest more in education.More transfer payments and investment in special projects from the central and provincial financial departments have to be provided for education in poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by ethnic groups.We need to improve the systems of scholarships, grants and loans to support students, and we need to take effective measures to curb arbitrary charges levied by schools.Making efforts to implement the strategy of tapping human resources, and focusing on the important tasks of training, attracting and utilizing talented people.In light of the overall interests of the modernization drive and long-term development, we need to train and nurture a contingent of leading cadres who are highly competent, who persist in taking the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, who have a good understanding of political theory and a pioneering spirit, who have mastered modern science and culture and acquired managerial expertise, and who are well-experienced.We need to train and cultivate a contingent of specialized, high quality public servants who are honest, industrious and eager to serve the people, and a contingent of professional personnel and enterprise managers who have advanced technological and managerial knowledge and innovative ability and meet the needs of economic and social development.We need to attach importance to training leading scholars in frontier disciplines and improving the scientific qualifications and working skills of the entire labor force.We need to deepen the reform of the personnel system;establish and improve the methods by which professionals are recruited, examined, evaluated, transferred, motivated and supervised;and formulate a mechanism that encourages talented people to emerge in large numbers and to make full use of their talent.We need to establish and improve the human resources market and protect intellectual property rights in accordance with the law.We need to attract and employ highly qualified professional personnel from abroad, and encourage students studying overseas to come back to work in China or serve their country in other appropriate ways.VII.Further Deepening Reforms and Opening Wider to the Outside World

To gradually bring the system of socialist market economy to completion and to stimulate structural readjustment and economic growth, we will press ahead with reforms and open wider to the outside world.Deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises to enable them to compete as equals in the market economy.The key issue in this regard is to accelerate the establishment and improvement of a modern corporate structure.We need to encourage large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to adopt the share-holding system and to change their operating procedures by listing their shares on the stock market, setting up joint ventures with foreign investors, or holding each other's shares.The state must hold a controlling stake in strategic enterprises that concern the national economy and national security, but not necessarily in others.We need to energetically explore effective ways to manage state assets.The legal person system of governance for enterprises must be fully developed and implemented.The supervision and control of state-owned enterprises in particular need to be established and strengthened, and the role of the board of supervisors needs to be fully developed.Enterprises need to further reform their personnel, labor and income distribution systems in order to improve the mechanisms that provide incentives and restraints and to strengthen scientific management.In the course of readjusting the industrial structure, we must adhere to the principles of “advancing in some aspects while retreating in others” and “focusing on certain tasks while putting others aside” and promote strategic readjustment of the overall arrangement of the state-owned sector of the economy.We need to continue to relax control over small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to enhance their vitality.More efforts need to be made to separate the functions of government from those of enterprises, and the functions of government need to be transformed to reduce administrative oversight and approval.Chambers of commerce, trade associations and other such intermediary agencies are encouraged to play appropriate roles.We need to further reform the management systems of industries such as electricity, railways, civil aviation and telecommunications, and introduce a mechanism for competition.The reforms need to improve the relations between the government and enterprises so as to meet the requirements of a socialist market economy.The ownership system needs to be further improved.We need to uphold the dominance of the public sector of the economy, let the state-owned sector play the leading role, develop various forms of collective undertakings, and support, encourage and guide the healthy development of private and individual sectors of the economy.Overhauling and regulating market order, and expanding the market system.This is an urgent task to ensure normal operation of the economy and an important measure to strengthen the socialist market economy.We must improve laws and regulations concerning markets and enforce the law strictly.We need to improve oversight mechanisms and employ advanced technology to improve market supervision.We must persist in cracking down on criminal activities such as producing and marketing fake and shoddy goods, tax evasion, tax fraud, obtaining foreign currency through deception, and smuggling.We need to overhaul the construction market, reorganize and standardize the financial order, strengthen financial discipline, tighten audit supervision, standardize the operation of intermediary agencies, break up monopolies by departments or industries, eliminate regional barriers, and improve management and supervision of industrial safety.We need to oppose local protectionism.We need to establish as soon as possible and improve an integrated national market system that is standardized and encourages fair competition.We need to focus our efforts on the development of markets for production factors, especially capital, foster work ethics that stress honesty and trustworthiness, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of a nationwide credit system.Enhancing macro-control, and deepening reform of the finance, taxation, banking and investment systems.We need to gear our macroeconomic policies to the changing economic situation.In the near future we will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy to increase investment and stimulate consumption.We need to conduct financial affairs according to the law, strengthen tax collection and management, and improve supervision of government financial affairs.We will step up the reform of replacing fees with taxes and the reform of the budget system, improve the tax system, and adjust and improve the system of fiscal expenditures in order to gradually set up a public finance framework compatible with a socialist market economy.While expanding domestic demand and checking the trend of deflation, we need to be on guard against possible overheated economic growth and inflation.We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy and regulate money supply in timely fashion to keep the Renminbi stable.We need to carry out a comprehensive reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks in the light of modern banking principles and bring the role of the policy banks into full play.We need to develop medium-sized and small banking institutions, standardize and improve the securities market, and safeguard the interests of investors.We need to expand the insurance industry, improve supervision of financial institutions, implement a system of strict evaluation of financial operations and management, implement a system of accountability, improve financial services and the quality of financial assets, and guard against and defuse financial risks.We also need to deepen the reform of the investment system, adopt a system under which legal persons are responsible for all investment projects, a public bidding system, a project supervision system, and a contract management system, and strengthen the mechanisms for restraining investment.Doing a better job in opening to the outside world in the light of economic globalization.First, we should lose no time in preparing for China's entry into the World Trade Organization and fulfilling our tasks in the transitional period.We need to take effective measures to change the methods of government administration and enhance the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.We need to deepen the reforms in order to establish a system of foreign trade and economic cooperation compatible with international norms and suitable to domestic conditions.We need to step up the work of revising relevant laws and regulations.We also need to train professionals who are well acquainted with regulations governing international trade.Second, we need to expand import and export trade, with emphasis on the export of high-quality goods and technology.We need to optimize the mix of export commodities by expanding the share of high and new technology products, raising the technological content and added value in traditional commodities exported in large quantities, and expanding the scale of the service sector.We need to standardize the regulation of processing industries and increase the value-added increment of such trade.We need to vigorously promote market diversification and open new markets for our exports.In import trade we need to emphasize advanced technology, key equipment and important raw and processed materials that are urgently needed in China.We need to take an active part in multilateral trading partnerships and international and regional economic cooperation.Third, we need to make better use of foreign funds.We need to open up the service sector to foreign investment step by step.We need to encourage foreign investors, especially transnational corporations, to invest in high-tech industries and infrastructure, and encourage them to set up research and development centers in China and to participate in the restructuring and renovation of state-owned enterprises.We need to support eligible enterprises to become listed on overseas stock markets and further improve the investment climate.We also need to explore new ways to utilize more foreign investment, such as acquisition, merger, risk investment, investment funds, and investment in securities.We should actively encourage foreign businessmen to invest more in the central and western regions.We should continue to manage the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area well.Fourth, we need to implement a “going outside” strategy, encouraging enterprises with comparative advantages to make investments abroad, to establish processing operations, to exploit foreign resources with local partners, to contract for international engineering projects, and to increase the export of labor.We need to provide a supportive policy framework to create favorable conditions for enterprises to establish overseas operations.We also need to strengthen supervision and prevent the loss of state assets.VIII.Constantly Raising Living Standards and Improving the Social Security System

It is an important task for the government in the next five years to raise living standards substantially and gradually enable the people to lead a more comfortable life.Improving the social security system at a faster pace.This is a major issue concerning reform, development and stability.We need to ensure that basic living allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid in full and on time.At the same time, we need to accelerate the formation of a social security system that is independent of enterprises or institutions and supported by funds from diversified sources, and that provides standardized safeguards and society-wide services.In addition, we need to conduct meticulous pilot projects aimed at improving the social security system in urban areas.We need to improve the basic old-age insurance system for workers in urban areas, combining contributions from enterprises and institutions with personal accounts.We also need to improve the unemployment insurance system and gradually incorporate the basic cost-of-living allowances for workers laid off by state-owned enterprises into unemployment insurance.We need to strengthen the system of subsistence allowances for urban residents and take good care of those in dire need.We need to improve the basic medical insurance system for workers in urban areas and carry forward the reform of medical institution and the system for distributing medicines.Institutional employers with available resources are encouraged to set up supplementary old-age and medical insurance programs for their employees and more fully utilize commercial insurance.We must see to it that there are reliable sources and a stable flow of funds for social security, and that these funds are efficiently operated under a strict management mechanism.We need to develop other social security programs, such as social welfare, charities, job placement for demobilized servicemen and social mutual aid.We must safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women, juveniles, senior citizens and the handicapped;and we need to support the various programs to help the handicapped.Expanding employment by all possible means.During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we face the demanding task of expanding employment.While maintaining a fairly high growth rate for the economy, we must develop labor-intensive industries that have comparative advantages, especially service businesses that can provide large numbers of jobs.We also need to encourage the development of collective, private and individual businesses to create more jobs.We need to improve the infrastructure of communities and expand community services.We need to set up a flexible employment system to provide more forms of employment.We need to help people change their ideas about employment and encourage them to start their own businesses or find jobs for themselves.We need to make greater efforts to develop the labor market, improve employment services, expand vocational training, and form market-oriented employment mechanisms.Increasing income of urban dwellers, especially those with low incomes.We need to establish a wage payment system, a minimum wage system, and a mechanism for adjusting the minimum wage as the economy grows.Government financial departments at all levels need to ensure that the salaries of government employees and pensions for retirees are paid in full and on time, and gradually increase salaries in accordance with the principle of feeding the people first, then building the country.We need to deepen the reform of the system of income distribution.We should adhere to the principle of giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness.We need to implement an income distribution system in which distribution according to work is the leading principle and other factors are taken into consideration, and we need to include capital, technology and other economic factors in the distribution of economic rewards.We must raise salaries of senior managers and senior technical professionals in state-owned enterprises to fully reflect their contributions and annual salaries may be introduced on a trial basis for them.At the same time we must enforce strict restraint and supervision to prevent those who do poor work from getting high salaries even if the performance of their enterprises is dissatisfactory.There must be penalties for those who are not qualified or even guilty of malfeasance.Stock options may also be initiated on a trial basis for leading executives and key technical professionals in state-controlled companies listed on the stock market, but state assets must not be transferred to individuals.We need to tighten the control and supervision over income distribution in monopoly industries, standardize the distribution of social wealth, and strengthen the regulatory function of tax collection over income distribution to prevent the gap in income distribution from becoming too wide.Adjusting the consumption pattern and improving the environment for consumption.Efforts should be made to improve housing and transportation conditions for both urban and rural residents.We need to build more affordable and functional housing and establish a system to ensure an adequate supply of low rent housing.We need to energetically develop public transportation.We need to improve urban landscaping and develop infrastructures in urban and rural areas.More efforts should be made to improve the living environment of urban and rural residents.We need to develop preventive medical care for communities, improve public health services in rural areas, and expand public-oriented sports facilities.IX.Continuing to Implement the Strategy of Sustainable Development

We need to better coordinate the development of population, resources and the environment, and place more emphasis on the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development.Adhering to the basic state policy on family planning.We must work hard to sustain the low birth rate and improve prenatal and postnatal care.We need to devote more effort to the management of family planning in rural areas and among the floating population.We should establish awards for family planning and continue to hold leaders of local Party and government organizations responsible for work in this regard.Legislation on population and family planning must be accelerated.We need to expand care for senior citizens.Protecting natural resources and using them properly.We need to protect and make proper use of valuable resources such as fresh water, farmland and energy in accordance with the law.We must gradually establish a system of reserves for strategically important mineral resources and ensure their safe supply.We need to strengthen the comprehensive development, utilization and conservation of marine resources.We need to increase our recycling of resources in order to utilize our resources more effectively.We need to improve the system of paying compensation for the use of natural resources.We must safeguard the rights and interests of the state as the owner of mineral and other resources.We must improve laws and regulations in this regard, and strengthen law enforcement.Improving ecological conservation and strengthening environmental protection.Greater efforts need to be exerted to complete projects to protect natural forests, such as those along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River.We need to intensify work on the Northeast, North and Northwest China Shelter Forest Projects and similar projects on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze.We need to do more to protect natural grasslands.We need to step up our efforts to prevent the karst from becoming stony desert.No time can be lost in bringing under control the sources of sand storms affecting the area around Beijing and Tianjin.We need to continue our efforts to control and treat water pollution in important river valleys, regions and sea areas.We need to treat pollution and do more landscaping in large and medium cities with the aim of noticeably improving the quality of the environment there.We also need to pay due attention to prevention and control of environmental pollution in rural areas.We need to improve environmental, meteorological and seismological monitoring to help prevention and reduction of natural disasters.X.Promoting Spiritual Civilization, Improving Democracy and the Legal System, and Strengthening National Defense

Vigorously promoting socialist spiritual civilization.We need to follow the principle of “doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each.” We need to consolidate and strengthen the guiding role of Marxism and educate the people in Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory.We need to promote patriotism, collectivism and socialism.We need to continue education of our cadres in the important principle of “Three Represents”(The Communist Party of China represents the requirement to develop advanced productive forces, an orientation towards advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)and foster the spirit of studying hard, being politically-minded, and being honest and upright.Our cadres should have a correct outlook on the world and life and have correct values.We need to work hard to foster ideas and ethics appropriate for a socialist market economy.We need to administer the country in accordance with moral principles as well as the law.We need to disseminate scientific knowledge, combat ignorance and superstition, and encourage healthy lifestyles.We need to further develop various cultural undertakings, such as literature and art, journalism and publishing, and radio, film and television.We should adhere to the principles of serving the people and socialism and of “letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.” We need to produce more and better cultural and intellectual works.We need to maintain the correct orientation of public opinion, and place strong emphasis on the establishment and management of new information media.We need to build more libraries, cultural centers, science and technology centers, museums, archives, and recreation centers for juveniles and senior citizens.Mass participation activities should be continued to promote cultural and ethical progress.We need to deepen reform of the system for managing cultural undertakings, improve the economic policies concerning cultural undertakings, and promote the development of industries related to culture.We need to organize and standardize the cultural market and persist in the fight against pornographic and other illegal products.Energetically improving socialist democracy and the legal system.We need to develop a socialist democratic political system, govern the country according to the law, and make China a socialist country ruled by law.We need to press ahead with reform of the political system;implement democratic elections, decision-making, management and supervision;protect the extensive rights and freedoms of the people as prescribed by law;and respect and guarantee human rights.We need to continue to strengthen the legislative and supervisory role of the People's Congress, and expand the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in political consultation, democratic supervision, and administration and deliberation of state affairs.We need to bring the legal system into line with a socialist market economy.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the supervision of the people's congresses at corresponding levels and consult with the CPPCC.They must govern in accordance with the law and be strict in performing official duties.We need to deepen the reform of the judicial system, strictly enforce laws, and administer justice impartially.We need to put greater efforts into combating corruption and building a clean government.We need to strengthen legal education and raise the awareness of law among all citizens.We need to strengthen development of legal infrastructures, and improve the qualifications of procuratorial, judicial and public security officers.We need to make further efforts to implement the Party's policy on ethnic groups, adhere to and build upon the system of the autonomy of ethnic minority regions, and develop socialist relationships among all ethnic groups characterized by equality, unity and mutual assistance.As part of our efforts to develop the western region of China, we need to give more support to accelerate the all-round economic and social development of the areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, and strive for common prosperity and progress of all ethnic groups.We need to implement the Party's policy on religions in a comprehensive manner, protect the people's freedom of religious belief, administer religious affairs in accordance with the law, and help the various religions adapt to socialist society.We need to conscientiously implement the Party's policy on affairs concerning overseas Chinese and bring their role into full play in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the country.We need to better safeguard social stability and correctly handle conflicts among the people in the new era.We should pay close attention to correspondence from the people and their personal visits.We need to improve public order through comprehensive measures and crack down on criminal activities that pose a threat to social order and national security.We must use legal means to combat ethnic separatist activities, religious extremist forces, violent and terrorist activities, cults, and illegal activities carried out under the guise of religion.We need to continue our campaign against the Falungong cult, and further expose and condemn the anti-human, anti-social and anti-science nature of the cult, which has become a tool for domestic and overseas forces hostile to our socialist government.We need to mete out severe punishment to the small number of criminals while making unremitting efforts to unite, educate and rescue the vast majority of people who have been taken in.Strengthening national defense and building up the armed services.This is an important guarantee for the security of the state and the success of the modernization drive.As we focus our efforts on developing the national economy, we must also strengthen our national defense and increase our defense capabilities.We need to strengthen ideological and political work among servicemen, ensure the absolute leadership of the Party over the armed forces, and guide the development of the armed forces in the correct direction.We need to work conscientiously to implement the military strategy of active defense in the new era;persist in reform and innovation;strengthen the armed forces through science and technology, with an emphasis on quality and thrift;run the armed forces by law;and streamline the armed forces in a Chinese way in order to build a more modernized, standardized revolutionary army.We need to raise the people's awareness of the importance of national defense and improve the mobilization system.We need to strengthen defense-related scientific research, reform and restructure science, technology and industry related to national defense, develop new weapons and equipment, utilize modern technology, especially high technology to improve the defense capabilities and combat effectiveness of the armed forces, and ensure their preparedness for any contingency.Fellow Deputies，As we enter the new century, we will continue to adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” and the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions.Economic cooperation and exchanges of the mainland with Hong Kong and Macao should be strengthened.We will render full support to the chief executives and governments of Hong Kong and Macao in their efforts to govern the regions in accordance with the law, and defend the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao.An early settlement of the Taiwan issue and the accomplishment of national reunification are the shared aspirations of the entire Chinese nation and an enormous task we are now facing.We will continue to follow the basic principles of “peaceful reunification” and “one country, two systems” and the eight-point proposal put forward by President Jiang Zemin.We will, together with the vast majority of our compatriots in Taiwan, resolutely put a stop to any separatist attempt and do our utmost to achieve peaceful reunification.We will adhere to the one China principle, continue to push for cross-Straits dialogue and negotiations on that basis, and promote economic, cultural and personnel exchanges between the two sides.We are confident that with the unremitting efforts of all Chinese people, the great cause of national reunification will surely be accomplished at an early date.In the face of an international situation characterized by growing political multipolarization and economic globalization, we will, as always, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, develop friendly relations and cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and strive for a long-term peaceful international environment and good relations with our neighbors.China will take an active part in international affairs and make fresh contributions to the maintenance of world peace, the promotion of international cooperation, the achievement of common development, and the establishment of a peaceful, stable, just and reasonable new international political and economic order.Fellow Deputies，The year 2001 is the first year into the new century and the first year for the implementation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan.To ensure a good beginning for this endeavor, it is crucial to act in the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Party's Fifteenth Central Committee and its conference on economic work, and do all aspects of this year's work well.We need to adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand and continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.We will issue 150 billion yuan of long-term treasury bonds, and invest the ensuing revenue in projects under construction and development projects in the western region.We will raise staff salaries of government organizations and institutions at an appropriate rate.We will also increase the earnings of urban residents with low incomes.We need to put strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy and increasing farmers' incomes on the top of our economic agenda, and take effective measures to solve outstanding agricultural and other problems presently facing rural areas.We need to consolidate and build on our achievements in the reform of state-owned enterprises, and pay special attention to establishing a modern corporate structure, transforming operational mechanisms and intensifying scientific management.We need to quicken preparation for accession into the World Trade Organization.We need to improve the social security system, create more jobs by various means, and raise people's living standards.An important and pressing task is to make great efforts in reorganizing and standardizing the order of the market economy.We need to promote spiritual civilization and improve democracy and the legal system.We need to continue to handle the relationship between reform, development and stability properly, improve all facets of public security and maintain social stability.We fully support Beijing's bid to host the Olympic Games.We need to make overall plans by taking all factors into consideration and avail ourselves of the favorable circumstances in order to sustain our forward momentum in economic and social development.Fellow Deputies，We have already entered the 21st century and started to march toward the strategic objectives of the third stage in the modernization drive.No difficulties or hardships can deter we Chinese people in our pursuit of success.Let us rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core, hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, adhere to the Party's basic line, and follow the guidance of the important principle of the “Three Represents”.Let us bestir ourselves and work diligently toward the objectives set forth in the Tenth Five-Year Plan for the establishment of a strong, prosperous, democratic, and culturally advanced modern socialist country!

第四篇：两会政府工作报告(2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议)

政府工作报告

——2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

国务院总理 温家宝

十一届全国人大五次会议开幕

温家宝作政府工作报告

2012年3月5日（星期一）上午9时，第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在人民大会堂开幕，听取国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告，审查计划报告和预算报告。[03-05 08:45] 以下是文字实录：

[人民网前方报道组]:十一届全国人大五次会议开幕会将于9时准时开始。[08:49] [吴邦国]:各位代表，第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议出席代表2978人，今天的会议出席2924人，缺席54人，出席人数符合法定人数。现在我宣布，中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议开幕。[09:05] [吴邦国]:各位代表，今天的全体会有三项议程。现在进行第一项议程，请国务院总理温家宝同志作政府工作报告。[09:05] [温家宝]:各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。[09:07] [温家宝]:

一、2011年工作回顾[09:09][温家宝]:过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。[09:10] [温家宝]:国内生产总值47.2万亿元，比上年增长9.2％；公共财政收入10.37万亿元，增长24.8％；粮食产量1.14万亿斤，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8.4％和11.4％。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。[09:10] [温家宝]:一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：[09:10] [温家宝]:(一)加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。[09:10] 温家宝]:在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。[09:10]

[温家宝]:下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。[09:19] [温家宝]:我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。[09:20] [温家宝]:我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。[09:20] [温家宝]:(二)加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。[09:21] [温家宝]:巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策，加大农业生产补贴力度，稳步提高粮食最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。[09:21] [温家宝]:继续推进农村危房改造，解决了6398万农村人口的饮水困难和60万无电地区人口的用电问题，农村生产生活条件进一步改善。加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。[09:21] [温家宝]:支持重点产业振兴和技术改造，中央预算投资安排150亿元，支持4000多个项目，带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业，新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展，经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。[09:22] [温家宝]:推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。[09:22] [温家宝]:实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准，实行草原生态保护奖补政策，开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。[09:22] [温家宝]:促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。[09:23] [温家宝]:城镇化率超过50％，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。[09:23] [温家宝]:(三)大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入，全国财政支出2.82万亿元。[09:23] [温家宝]:持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项，突破一些关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接，成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。[09:23] [温家宝]:扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力，全面实现“两基”目标。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费，其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。[09:24] [温家宝]:推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”，提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作，扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教，90％以上在中西部。[09:24] [温家宝]:大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持，各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围，服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设，全民健身活动蓬勃开展，体育事业取得新成绩。[09:24] [温家宝]:积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大，13亿城乡居民参保，全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高，重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖，基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。[09:25] [温家宝]:(四)切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。[09:26] [温家宝]:实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位，全力推动以创业带动就业，加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度，着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8％，同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量2.53亿人，比上年增长4.4％，其中，外出农民工1.59亿人，增长3.4％。[09:26] [温家宝]:积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民；各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准；连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益；进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴；建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。[09:26] [温家宝]:个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元（2010年不变价）作为新的国家扶贫标准，比2009年提高92％，把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围，这是社会的巨大进步。[09:27] [温家宝]:加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县（市、区）实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点，1334万人参保，641万人领取养老金。2343个县（市、区）开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，3.58亿人参保，9880万人领取养老金，覆盖面扩大到60％以上。[09:30] [温家宝]:解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全，向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐，这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。[09:36] [温家宝]:大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见，完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策，着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套，新开工建设1043万套。[09:37] [温家宝]:努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管，做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制，集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先，加强和创新社会管理，着力排查化解各类社会矛盾，依法打击违法犯罪活动，保持社会和谐稳定。[09:37] [温家宝]:

（五）深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。[09:37] [温家宝]:完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革，出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国，启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点，开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。[09:37] [温家宝]:深化集体林权制度改革，启动国有林场改革试点，依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革，创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。[09:37] [温家宝]:我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略，努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额3.64万亿美元，增长22.5％，其中，出口增长20.3％，进口增长24.9％，贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元，服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快，非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作，多边双边经贸关系继续深化。[09:38] [温家宝]:我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。[09:38] [温家宝]:过去一年的成绩来之不易，显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力，增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。[09:39] [温家宝]:我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！[09:39] [温家宝]:我们也清醒地看到，我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。从国际看，世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折，国际金融危机还在发展，一些国家主权债务危机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下，增长动力不足，新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动，大宗商品价格大幅震荡。国际贸易投资保护主义强化。从国内看，解决体制性结构性矛盾，缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大，经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。[09:39] [温家宝]:主要是：经济增长存在下行压力，物价水平仍处高位，房地产市场调控处于关键阶段，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大，就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存，一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多，部分行业产能过剩凸显，能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织，结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用，国内问题和国际问题相互关联，宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。[09:39] [温家宝]:政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足，节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成；征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出，群众反映强烈；政府管理和服务水平有待提高，廉政建设亟需加强。[09:40] [温家宝]:我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切实解决存在的问题，努力把各项工作做得更好，决不辜负人民的重托。[09:40] [温家宝]:

二、2012年工作总体部署[09:40] [温家宝]:今年是“十二五”时期承前启后的重要一年，也是本届政府任期的最后一年。我们要恪尽职守、锐意进取、攻坚克难、决不懈怠，交出一份人民满意的答卷。[09:40] [温家宝]:我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，在较长时期内继续保持经济平稳较快发展具备不少有利条件。工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，消费结构和产业结构升级蕴藏着巨大的需求潜力；经过30多年改革开放，我国发展建立了良好的物质基础和体制条件，宏观调控经验不断丰富，企业竞争力和抗风险能力明显提高；东部地区创新发展能力增强，中西部地区和东北等老工业基地发展潜力有序释放；经济发展的传统优势依然存在，劳动力资源丰富、素质提高；财政收支状况良好，金融体系运行稳健，社会资金比较充裕。[09:45] [温家宝]:世界经济政治格局正在发生深刻变化，和平、发展、合作仍然是时代潮流，总体上有利于我国和平发展。我们要坚定信心，善于运用有利条件和积极因素，继续抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，推动经济平稳较快发展，不断增强我国的综合国力和国际影响力。[09:45] [温家宝]:我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持稳中求进，加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力加强自主创新和节能减排，着力深化改革开放，着力保障和改善民生，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，努力实现经济平稳较快发展和物价总水平基本稳定，保持社会和谐稳定，以经济社会发展的优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开。[09:45] [温家宝]:今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长7.5％；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6％以内；居民消费价格涨幅控制在4％左右；进出口总额增长10％左右，国际收支状况继续改善。同时，要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展，城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步。[09:46] [温家宝]:这里要着重说明，国内生产总值增长目标略微调低，主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接，引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来，以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4％左右，综合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力，也为价格改革预留一定空间。[09:46]

一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾

“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。

——这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务，国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元，年均增长11.2%，财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。

——这五年，各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人，转移农业劳动力4500万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%；覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。

——这五年，改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元，开放型经济水平快速提升。

——这五年，我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用，有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想。

这些辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性，展现了改革开放的伟大力量，极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。

五年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度，牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期，针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩，以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题，采取正确的政策措施，有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年，面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击，我们沉着应对，科学决策，果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划，大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税，大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划，大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑，大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针，采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施，增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入，消费规模持续扩大，结构不断升级。实施两年新增４万亿元的投资计划，其中，新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%，重大基础设施建设占23.6%，灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资，国内需求大幅增加，有效弥补外需缺口，较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势，在世界率先实现回升向好，既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生，又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

（二）毫不放松地做好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元，年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费，结束了农民种田交税的历史，每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高，去年达到54641万吨，连续7年增产；农民人均纯收入达到5919元，实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进，集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设，完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固，解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题，农民的日子越过越好，农村发展进入一个新时代。

（三）大力推进经济结构调整，提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组，工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系，实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程，突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术，一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展，在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快，五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里，新增公路63.9万公里，其中高速公路3.3万公里，新建、改扩建机场33个，新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施，制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源，新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦，其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设，完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里，加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快，经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平；东部地区经济结构不断优化，自主创新和竞争力逐步提高；地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小，各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。

（四）坚定不移深化改革开放，增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善，县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施，成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，资源税改革启动试点，内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进；平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题，创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出，债券市场稳步发展；深入推进保险业改革开放；人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善，多种所有制经济共同发展。不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%，结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降，2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快，累计对外直接投资2200亿美元，对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设，多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整，增加了就业，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，大大提高了我国的国际地位。

（五）加快发展社会事业，切实保障和改善民生。始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调，围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务，促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业，做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法，普遍提高最低工资标准，推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展，城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹，实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法，连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平，年均增长10%，新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度，惠及12.67亿城乡居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖，城乡社会救助体系基本建立，社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元，比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造，使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒，努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。

制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元，年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育，所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度，财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元，覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中，共资助学生2130万名，还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，中央财政科技投入6197亿元，年均增长22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金，改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院，建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快，文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进，“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理，社会保持和谐稳定。

抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利，汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成，玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼，中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强，中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。

五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。

过去五年，我们是一步一个脚印走过来的，中国人民有理由为此感到自豪！五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

我们清醒地认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决，主要是：优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力，加快解决这些问题，让人民满意！

回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作，我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。

一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战，靠的是发展；各领域取得的一切成就和进步，靠的是发展；解决前进道路上的困难和问题，仍然要靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持科学发展。要以人为本，把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点，坚定不移走共同富裕道路，使发展成果惠及全体人民；坚持统筹兼顾，促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展；加快转变经济发展方式，大力推进自主创新，节约资源和保护环境，使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调，提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制，有效的宏观调控，都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多一些还是政府作用多一些，必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中，我们加强和改善宏观调控，及时纠正市场扭曲，弥补市场失灵，防止经济出现大的起落，实践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，激发经济的内在活力，同时，科学运用宏观调控手段，促进经济长期平稳较快发展。

三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下，我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密，互动和依存不断增强。必须树立世界眼光，加强战略思维，善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇，稳妥应对风险挑战，利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，统筹处理好国内发展与对外开放关系，真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。

四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人民幸福的必由之路，必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新，从根本上破除体制机制障碍，最大限度解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来，以改革促进和谐稳定，确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。

二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务 根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》，我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交大会审议。

“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期，是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远，世界经济结构加快调整，全球经济治理机制深刻变革，科技创新和产业转型孕育突破，发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看，我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改变，工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展，市场需求潜力巨大，资金供给充裕，科技和教育水平整体提升，劳动力素质提高，基础设施日益完善，政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强，社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。

我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，适应国内外形势新变化，顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待，以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，深化改革开放，保障和改善民生，巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果，促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定，为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。

——我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年，我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算，2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏观调控，保持价格总水平基本稳定，把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来，坚持实施扩大内需战略，充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力，加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。

——我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推动信息化和工业化深度融合，改造提升制造业，培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业，服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。积极稳妥推进城镇化，城镇化率从47.5%提高到51.5%，完善城市化布局和形态，不断提升城镇化的质量和水平。继续加强基础设施建设，进一步夯实经济社会发展基础。大力发展现代农业，加快社会主义新农村建设。深入实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区战略，逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。促进城乡、区域良性互动，一二三产业协调发展。

——我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育，稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针，完善科技创新体系和支持政策，着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%，促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要，加强人才培养，努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设，推动文化改革发展实现新跨越，满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革，健全基本医疗卫生制度，加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制，加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设，确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。

——我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理，提高资源保障能力，加大耕地保护、环境保护力度，加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设，全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%，单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%，森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米，森林覆盖率达到21.66%。切实加强水利基础设施建设，推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理，明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。

——我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，为全体劳动者创造公平的就业机会，五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准，减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度，进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖，提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率，政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上，全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策，逐步完善政策，促进人口长期均衡发展，人均预期寿命提高1岁，达到74.5岁。

——我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划，大力推进经济体制改革，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，扩大社会主义民主，完善社会主义法制，使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化，为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度，营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革，积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制，构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革，建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略，培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势，进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。

——我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，必须对人民负责，为人民谋利益，接受人民监督；必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业；必须坚持依法治国基本方略，加强维护群众利益的法制建设，推进依法行政；必须实行科学、民主决策，建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制，确保权力正确行使；必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况，坚决惩治和预防腐败；必须保障人民的民主权利和合法权益，维护社会公平正义。

总之，经过未来五年努力，实现“十二五”规划的各项目标，我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升，人民生活就会有更大的改善，国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。

三、2011年的工作

2011年，是“十二五”开局之年，做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年，我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%，居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%，城镇新增就业1168万人，国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。

今年，我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏，但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力，失业率居高难下，一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除，主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策，全球流动性大量增加，国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率加剧波动，新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大，保护主义继续升温，国际市场竞争更加激烈，不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织，体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起，加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势，保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，做好应对风险的准备。

今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8%左右；经济结构进一步优化；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内；国际收支状况继续改善。总的考虑是，为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境，引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上，放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。

实现上述目标，要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性，提高针对性、灵活性、有效性，处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重稳定物价总水平，防止经济出现大的波动。

继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元，其中中央财政赤字7000亿元，继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算，赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要着力优化财政支出结构，增加“三农”、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出；压缩一般性支出，严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设，出国（境）经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支出原则上零增长，切实降低行政成本。继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，实施全口径监管，研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。

实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模，广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架，综合运用价格和数量工具，提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重，发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用，更好地满足多样化投融资需求。着力优化信贷结构，引导商业银行加大对重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持，严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动，防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理，提高投资收益。

今年，重点要做好以下几方面工作。

（一）保持物价总水平基本稳定

当前，物价上涨较快，通胀预期增强，这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件，努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响，消化要素成本上涨压力，正确引导市场预期，坚决抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主，辅之以必要的行政手段，全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性，控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产，保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设，积极开展“农超对接”，畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度，把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机，搞好进出口调节，增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管，维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法，严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度，建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制，绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。

（二）进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求 扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点，也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。

积极扩大消费需求。继续增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出，增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送，优化城镇商业网点布局，积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序，切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。

大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条，抓紧制定公开透明的市场准入标准和支持政策，切实放宽市场准入，真正破除各种有形和无形的壁垒，鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施、市政公用事业、社会事业、金融服务等领域，推动民营企业加强自主创新和转型升级，鼓励和引导民间资本重组联合和参与国有企业改革，加强对民间投资的服务、指导和规范管理，促进社会投资稳定增长和结构优化。充分发挥政府投资对结构调整的引导作用，优先保证重点在建、续建项目的资金需求，有序启动“十二五”规划重大项目建设。防止盲目投资和重复建设。严格执行投资项目用地、节能、环保、安全等准入标准，提高投资质量和效益。

（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位

坚持把“三农”工作放在重中之重，在工业化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。确保农产品供给，多渠道增加农民收入。要把保障粮食安全作为首要目标，毫不放松地抓好农业生产。稳定粮食种植面积，支持优势产区生产棉花、油料、糖料等大宗产品。大力发展畜牧业、渔业、林业。切实抓好新一轮“菜篮子”工程建设，大中城市郊区要有基本的菜地面积和生鲜食品供给能力。强化农业科技支撑，发展壮大农作物种业，大规模开展高产创建。继续实施粮食最低收购价政策，今年小麦最低收购价每50公斤提高5到7元，水稻最低收购价每50公斤提高9到23元。大力发展农村非农产业，壮大县域经济，提高农民职业技能和创业、创收能力，促进农民就地就近转移就业。提高扶贫标准，加大扶贫开发力度。

大兴水利，全面加强农业农村基础设施建设。重点加强农田水利建设、中小河流治理、小型水库和病险水闸除险加固以及山洪地质灾害防治。完善排灌设施，发展节水灌溉，加固河流堤岸，搞好清淤疏浚，消除水库隐患，扩大防洪库容。通过几年努力，全面提高防汛抗旱、防灾减灾能力。大力推进农村土地开发整理，大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田，加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。加强农村水电路气房建设，大力改善农村生产生活条件，努力为农民建设美好家园。

第五篇：3月5日策划书

“3.5”学雷锋日活动策划书

一、活动主题

创先争优扬志愿精神，敬业奉献树文明新风。

二、活动背景

2012年3月4日，为纪念1964年3月5日毛泽东同志题词“向雷锋同志学习”48周年、第12个“中国青年志愿者服务日”和弘扬雷锋精神，传播志愿服务理念，推动志愿服务的深入开展，我校青年志愿者协会将于3月4日（周日）带领广大青年志愿者在怡新社区、万源路社区和敬老院开展一系列志愿服务活动。

三、活动目的

1、充分利用学雷锋日和志愿服务日的契机，深入开展青年志愿者工作，通过社区服务活动宣扬志愿者精神，在活动中充分发挥青年志愿者的主观能动性和积极性，使广大青年志愿者在创先争优的志愿服务中使自身的素质和涵养得到锻炼和提高。

2、增强广大青年志愿者学习“雷锋精神”的意识，激发当代学生学习“雷锋精神”的热情，提升广大青年志愿者的思想境界，促进“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”的志愿服务精神的传播。

3扩大大学生志愿服务活动的影响，在全校大力弘扬志愿服务精神，营造良好校园氛围，广泛倡导“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”的志愿服务理念，推动社会和谐进步。

四、活动时间

2012年3月4日（上午8：30-11:00 下午14:30-17:00）

五、活动地点：

怡新社区、万源路社区、敬老院

六、活动内容

1.签名活动

青年志愿者协会全体成员在“弘扬雷锋精神

无偿服务社会”的横幅上签字。

活动时间：2012年3月4日8:00整

前期准备：

（1）由学工会准备好“弘扬雷锋精神

无偿服务社会”横

（2）青志协准备好协会会旗、各部门旗帜。

活动方式及流程：

（1）2012年3月4日8:00整，全体成员在学校南教学楼集合，签名活动开始；8：30分，由理事会人员带领志愿者到达所服务的地点。

（2）9：00整在社区布置场地（悬挂会旗、横幅等）

（3）9：30分进行志愿服务。

（4）17:00活动结束。

2.社区保洁

活动时间：2012年3月4日9：00整

活动方式及流程：

（1)本次活动由我校青年志愿者协会组织，派若干名志愿者参加。

(2)9:00整，分配参加活动的志愿者在两大社区集合，集中点名。

(3)到达社区后，志愿者由负责人分配好工作，开始服务活动。

3.慰问老人

由我校组织联合三大高校(四川航天学院，四川天一学院，四川烹饪专科学校)到敬老院去慰问老人，关爱老人、了解生活。

活动时间：2012年3月4日8:30分——11：00整

活动地点：敬老院

活动方式及流程：

（1）本次活动由我校青年志愿者协会组织，派20名志愿者参加。

（2)9:00整，所有参加活动的志愿者在敬老院集中点名，由指定负责人分配工作。

（3）开始工作：打扫敬老院的清洁、陪伴老人、了解老人的生活。

4.关爱留守儿童

活动时间：2012年3月4日9：00整——17：00整

活动地点：怡新社区、万源路社区 组织部门：爱心家教部

活动方式及流程：

（1）做关爱留守儿童的宣传。

（2）登记需要在周六家教的学生资料。

（3）统计资料，做好后期家教活动的策划。

七、组织单位

四川航天学院青年志愿者协会、怡新社区、万源路社区、敬老院

八、参与人员

四川航天学院青年志愿者协会全体成员

社区和敬老院的负责人

九、活动分工

项目：“3.5”学雷锋日活动

负责人：理事会

完成时间：2012年3月4日

策划书：贾丽

横幅申请：杨梅

十、活动经费

项目

数量

单价（元）

金额（元）

备注：2012年3月3日准备会旗、横幅

十一、注意事项

1.在活动期间注意人生安全，活动结束听统一指挥回到学校。

2.活动期间派专门的人员进行拍摄活动照片和活动过程中资料的收集。

3.做好活动结束的收尾工作，收好横幅，旗帜，工作证，帽子，服装等。

4.活动结束后，把资料整理成集，送到各单位，及其他联合高校。

四川航天学院青年志愿者协会

2012年2月