第一篇:2011年3月5日全国人大会议开幕 温家宝作政府工作报告(全文)
全国人大会议开幕 温家宝作政府工作报告(全文)
温家宝作政府工作报告
中国日报网消息:2010年3月5日9时,十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议在京开幕。国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告。以下为实录:
[温家宝]:各位代表:现在,我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告,请予审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
[温家宝]:
一、2009年工作回顾
[温家宝]:2009年是新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年。去年这个时候,国际金融危机还在扩散蔓延,世界经济深度衰退,我国经济受到严重冲击,出口大幅下降,不少企业经营困难,有的甚至停产倒闭,失业人员大量增加,农民工大批返乡,经济增速陡然下滑。[温家宝]:在异常困难的情况下,全国各族人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下,坚定信心,迎难而上,顽强拼搏,从容应对国际金融危机冲击,在世界率先实现经济回升向好,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。(掌声)[温家宝]:国内生产总值达到33.5万亿元,比上年增长8.7%;财政收入6.85万亿元,增长11.7%;粮食产量5.31亿吨,再创历史新高,实现连续6年增产;城镇新增就业1102万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入17175元,农村居民人均纯收入5153元,实际增长9.8%和8.5%。
[温家宝]:我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。实践再次证明,任何艰难险阻都挡不住中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。(掌声)[温家宝]:过去的一年,极不平凡,令人振奋。我们隆重庆祝新中国成立60周年。抚今追昔,伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感,极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力,极大地提升了我国的国际地位和影响力,必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。(掌声)[温家宝]:一年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
[温家宝]:(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税,保持货币信贷快速增长,提高货币政策的可持续性,扩大直接融资规模,满足经济社会发展的资金需求,有效扩大了内需,很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。
[温家宝]:着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金450亿元,补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税,减免住房交易相关税收,支持自住性住房消费。
[温家宝]:全年汽车销售1364万辆,增长46.2%;商品房销售9.37亿平方米,增长42.1%;社会消费品零售总额实际增长16.9%,消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增强。[温家宝]:促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨千斤”的作用,引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划。
[温家宝]:2009年中央政府公共投资9243亿元,比上年预算增加5038亿元,其中,保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占44%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占16%,重大基础设施建设占23%,灾后恢复重建占14%。全社会固定资产投资增长30.1%,投资结构进一步优化。
[温家宝]:投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口,加强了薄弱环节,为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。
[温家宝]:我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建,重灾区已完成投资6545亿元,占规划总投资的65.5%。国家的大力支持,全国人民的无私援助,灾区群众的艰苦奋斗,使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。
[温家宝]:一座座新城拔地而起,一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现了中华民族的无疆大爱,有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。(掌声)[温家宝]:(二)大力调整经济结构,夯实长远发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来,加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。
[温家宝]:“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农”的支出7253亿元,增长21.8%。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。
[温家宝]:继续改善农村生产生活条件,农村饮水安全工程使6069万农民受益,新增510万沼气用户,新建和改造农村公路38万公里、农村电网线路26.6万公里,又有80万户农村危房得到改造,9.2万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度,贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。[温家宝]:产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造,安排200亿元技改专项资金支持4441个技改项目。重点行业兼并重组取得新进展。
[温家宝]:下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设,关停小火电机组2617万千瓦,淘汰落后的炼钢产能1691万吨、炼铁产能2113万吨、水泥产能7416万吨、焦炭产能1809万吨。
[温家宝]:加快实施国家科技重大专项,中央财政用于科技的支出1512亿元,增长30%。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用,清洁能源、第三代移动通信等一批新兴产业快速发展。大力加强基础设施建设,新建铁路投入运营5557公里,高速公路新建通车4719公里,城市轨道交通建设加快,新建、改扩建民用机场35个;新增发电装机8970万千瓦,西气东输二线西段工程实现供气,南水北调工程建设加快推进,6183座病险水库除险加固工程开工建设。
[温家宝]:节能减排和环境保护扎实推进。安排预算内资金,支持重点节能工程、循环经济等项目2983个;实施节能产品惠民工程,推广节能空调500多万台、高效照明灯具1.5亿只。
[温家宝]:继续推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林8827万亩,森林覆盖率达到20.36%。综合治理水土流失面积4.8万平方公里。加强“三河三湖”等重点流域水污染防治和工业废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降14.38%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66%和13.14%。
[温家宝]:积极开展应对气候变化工作,明确提出2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强,灾害防御能力不断提升。
[温家宝]:区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区域发展总体战略,制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发,积极承接产业转移,发展基础不断夯实;东部地区加快结构和自主创新,经济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。
[温家宝]:(三)坚持深化改革开放,不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作为应对国际金融危机的强大动力,努力消除体制障碍,不断提高对外开放水平。
[温家宝]:重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,新的成品油价格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。
[温家宝]:创业板正式推出,为自主创新及其他成长型创业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展,事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开,15亿亩林地确权到户,占全国集体林地面积的60%,这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。(掌声)[温家宝]:开放型经济水平不断提高。出台一系列稳定外需的政策措施,采取符合国际惯例的方式支持出口企业,完成短期出口信用保险承保900亿美元,安排421亿美元大型成套设备出口融资保险。鼓励增加进口。
[温家宝]:去年下半年开始进出口降幅明显收窄,国际市场份额得到巩固,全年进出口总额2.2万亿美元。扭转利用外资下降局面,全年实际利用外商直接投资900亿美元。企业“走出去”逆势上扬,非金融类对外直接投资和对外工程承包营业额分别达433亿美元和777亿美元。
[温家宝]:积极参与国际宏观经济政策对话协调和经贸金融合作,在共同应对国际金融危机中发挥了建设性作用。
[温家宝]:(四)着力改善民生,加快发展社会事业。在应对国际金融危机的困难情况下,我们更加注重保障和改善民生,切实解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。[温家宝]:实施更加积极的就业政策。强化政府促进就业的责任。中央财政安排就业专项资金426亿元,比上年增长59%。实施困难企业缓缴社会保险费或降低部分费率、再就业税收减免及提供相关补贴等政策,鼓励企业稳定和增加就业。
[温家宝]:开展系列就业服务活动,多渠道开辟公益性就业岗位,促进高校毕业生到基层就业、应征入伍和到企事业单位就业见习。全年组织2100万城乡劳动者参加职业培训。这些措施促进了就业的基本稳定。
[温家宝]:加快完善社会保障体系。普遍建立养老保险省级统筹制度,出台包括农民工在内的城镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法。在320个县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,推动我国社会保障制度建设迈出历史性步伐。
[温家宝]:中央财政安排社会保障资金2906亿元,比上年增长16.6%。企业退休人员基本养老金连续5年增加,去年又人均提高10%。农村五保户供养水平、优抚对象抚恤补助标准、城乡低保对象保障水平都有新的提高。
[温家宝]:中央财政安排保障性安居工程补助资金551亿元,比上年增长2倍。新建、改扩建各类保障性住房200万套,棚户区改造解决住房130万套。全国社会保障基金积累6927亿元,比上年增长44.2%。社会保障体系得到加强。
[温家宝]:进一步促进教育公平。大幅度增加全国教育支出,其中中央财政支出1981亿元,比上年增长23.6%。全面落实城乡义务教育政策,中央下达农村义务教育经费666亿元,提前一年实现农村中小学生人均公用经费500元和300元的目标。
[温家宝]:实行义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度。中等职业学校农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业学生免学费政策开始实施。国家助学制度不断完善,资助学生2871万人,基本保障了困难家庭的孩子不因贫困而失学。
[温家宝]:稳步推进医药卫生事业改革发展。组织实施医药卫生体制改革。中央财政医疗卫生支出1277亿元,比上年增长49.5%。城镇职工和城镇居民基本医疗保险参保4.01亿人,新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖8.3亿人。[温家宝]:中央财政安排429亿元,解决关闭破产国有企业退休人员医疗保险问题。基本药物制度在30%的基层医疗卫生机构实施。中央财政支持建设了一批县级医院、乡镇中心卫生院和社区卫生服务中心。
[温家宝]:启动实施扩大乙肝疫苗接种等重大公共卫生服务专项。加强食品、药品安全专项整治。面对突如其来的甲型HlN1流感疫情,我们依法科学有序地开展防控工作,有效保障了人民群众生命安全,维护了社会正常秩序。
[温家宝]:在国际金融危机严重冲击、世界经济负增长的背景下,我国取得这样的成绩极为不易。
[温家宝]:这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果,是全党全军全国各族人民和衷共济、团结奋斗的结果。在这里,我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚的感谢!(掌声)向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚的感谢!(掌声)向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚的感谢!(掌声)
[温家宝]:一年来,我们认真贯彻落实科学发展观,积极应对国际金融危机,全面做好政府工作,有以下几点体会:
[温家宝]:必须坚持运用市场机制和宏观调控两种手段,在坚持市场经济改革方向、发挥市场配置资源基础性作用、激发市场活力的同时,充分发挥我国社会主义制度决策高效、组织有力、集中力量办大事的优势。
[温家宝]:必须坚持处理好短期和长期两方面关系,注重远近结合、标本兼治,既克服短期困难、解决突出矛盾,又加强重点领域和薄弱环节、为长远发展奠定基础。
[温家宝]:必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局,把扩大内需作为长期战略方针,坚定不移地实行互利共赢的开放战略,加快形成内需外需协调拉动经济增长的格局。[温家宝]:必须坚持发展经济与改善民生、维护社会公平正义的内在统一,围绕改善民生谋发展,把改善民生作为经济发展的出发点、落脚点和持久动力,着眼维护公平正义,让全体人民共享改革发展成果,促进社会和谐稳定。
[温家宝]:必须坚持发挥中央和地方两个积极性,既强调统一思想、顾全大局,又鼓励因地制宜、探索创新,形成共克时艰的强大合力。
[温家宝]:这些经验对我们坚持中国特色社会主义道路,提高驾驭社会主义市场经济能力,推进现代化进程,具有重要而深远的意义。(掌声)[温家宝]:
二、2010年主要任务
[温家宝]:今年是继续应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展、加快转变经济发展方式的关键一年,是全面实现“十一五”规划目标、为“十二五”发展打好基础的重要一年。
[温家宝]:今年发展环境虽然有可能好于去年,但是面临的形势极为复杂。各种积极变化和不利影响此长彼消,短期问题和长期矛盾相互交织,国内因素和国际因素相互影响,经济社会发展中“两难”问题增多。
[温家宝]:从国际看,世界经济有望恢复性增长,国际金融市场渐趋稳定,经济全球化深入发展的大趋势没有改变,世界经济格局大变革、大调整孕育着新的发展机遇。
[温家宝]:同时,世界经济复苏的基础仍然脆弱,金融领域风险没有完全消除,各国刺激政策退出抉择艰难,国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率可能加剧波动,贸易保护主义明显抬头,加上气候变化、粮食安全、能源资源等全球性问题错综复杂,外部环境不稳定、不确定因素依然很多。
[温家宝]:从国内看,我国仍处在重要战略机遇期。经济回升向好的基础进一步巩固,市场信心增强,扩大内需和改善民生的政策效应继续显现,企业适应市场变化的能力和竞争力不断提高。[温家宝]:但是,经济社会发展中仍然存在一些突出矛盾和问题。经济增长内生动力不足,自主创新能力不强,部分行业产能过剩矛盾突出,结构调整难度加大;就业压力总体上持续增加和结构性用工短缺的矛盾并存;农业稳定发展和农民持续增收的基础不稳固;财政金融领域潜在风险增加;医疗、教育、住房、收入分配、社会管理等方面的突出问题亟待解决。
[温家宝]:我们必须全面、正确判断形势,决不能把经济回升向好的趋势等同于经济运行根本好转。要增强忧患意识,充分利用有利条件和积极因素,努力化解矛盾,更加周密地做好应对各种风险和挑战的准备,牢牢把握工作的主动权。
[温家宝]:做好今年的政府工作,要认真贯彻党的十七大和十七届三中、四中全会精神,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,着力搞好宏观调控和保持经济平稳较快发展,着力加快经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,着力推进改革开放和自主创新,着力改善民生和促进社会和谐稳定,全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设,加快全面建设小康社会进程,努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。
[温家宝]:今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是:
[温家宝]:国内生产总值增长8%左右;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;居民消费价格涨幅3%左右;国际收支状况改善。
[温家宝]:这里要着重说明,提出国内生产总值增长8%左右,主要是强调好字当头,引导各方面把工作重点放到转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构上来。
[温家宝]:提出居民消费价格涨幅3%左右,综合考虑了去年价格变动的翘尾因素、国际大宗商品价格的传导效应、国内货币信贷增长的滞后影响以及居民的承受能力,并为资源环境税费和资源性产品价格改革留有一定空间。
[温家宝]:今年要重点抓好八个方面工作: [温家宝]:(一)提高宏观调控水平,保持经济平稳较快发展
[温家宝]:要继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,保持政策的连续性和稳定性,根据新形势新情况不断提高政策的针对性和灵活性,把握好政策实施的力度、节奏和重点。
[温家宝]:处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理好通胀预期的关系。既要保持足够的政策力度、巩固经济回升向好的势头,又要加快经济结构调整、推动经济发展方式转变取得实质性进展,还要管理好通胀预期、稳定物价总水平。
[温家宝]:继续实施积极的财政政策。一是保持适度的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字10500亿元,其中中央财政赤字8500亿元,继续代发地方债2000亿元并纳入地方财政预算。
[温家宝]:这样的安排主要是考虑到今年财政收支矛盾仍然十分突出。从财政收入看,上一年一次性特殊增收措施没有或减少了,还要继续实施结构性减税政策,财政收入增长不会太快;从财政支出看,继续实施应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划,完成在建项目、加强薄弱环节、推进改革、改善民生、维护稳定等都需要增加投入。
[温家宝]:二是继续实施结构性减税政策,促进扩大内需和经济结构调整。
[温家宝]:三是优化财政支出结构,有保有压,把钱花在刀刃上。继续向“三农”、民生、社会事业等领域倾斜,支持节能环保、自主创新和欠发达地区的建设。
[温家宝]:严格控制一般性支出,大力压缩公用经费。
[温家宝]:四是切实加强政府性债务管理,增强内外部约束力,有效防范和化解潜在财政风险。同时,要依法加强税收征管和非税收入管理,严厉打击偷骗税行为,做到应收尽收。
[温家宝]:继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。一是保持货币信贷合理充裕。今年广义货币M2增长目标为17%左右,新增人民币贷款7.5万亿元左右。这两个指标虽然都低于去年实际执行结果,但仍然是一个适度宽松的政策目标,能够满足经济社会发展的合理资金需求。同时也有利于管理好通胀预期、提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。
[温家宝]:二是优化信贷结构。落实有保有控的信贷政策,加强对重点领域和薄弱环节的支持,有效缓解农户和小企业融资难问题,严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业的贷款。强化贷后管理,确保信贷资金支持实体经济。
[温家宝]:三是积极扩大直接融资。完善多层次资本市场体系,扩大股权和债券融资规模,更好地满足多样化投融资需求。四是加强风险管理,提高金融监管有效性。探索建立宏观审慎管理制度,强化对跨境资本流动的有效监控,防范各类金融风险。继续完善人民币汇率形成机制,保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。
[温家宝]:四是加强风险管理,提高金融监管有效性。探索建立宏观审慎管理制度,强化对跨境资本流动的有效监控,防范各类金融风险。继续完善人民币汇率形成机制,保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。
[温家宝]:积极扩大居民消费需求。继续提高农民收入、企业退休人员基本养老金、部分优抚对象待遇和城乡居民最低生活保障水平,增强居民特别是中低收入者消费能力。
[温家宝]:巩固扩大传统消费,积极培育信息、旅游、文化、健身、培训、养老、家庭服务等消费热点,促进消费结构优化升级。扩大消费信贷。加强商贸流通体系等基础设施建设,积极发展电子商务。整顿和规范市场秩序,努力营造便利、安全、放心的消费环境。继续实施和完善鼓励消费的各项政策措施。
[温家宝]:大幅提高家电下乡产品最高限价,增加品种和型号,扩大补贴范围,完善补贴标准和办法,加强对中标企业的管理和考核,提高产品质量和服务水平;完善家电、汽车以旧换新和汽车、摩托车下乡政策,小排量汽车购置税按7.5%征收。我们一定要落实好这些政策措施,把好事办好,真正让广大群众得到实惠。(掌声)[温家宝]:着力优化投资结构。各级政府投资都要集中力量保重点,严格控制新开工项目,资金安排主要用于项目续建和收尾,切实防止出现“半拉子”工程。扎实推进地震灾区恢复重建,保质保量完成任务。鼓励扩大民间投资,完善和落实促进民间投资的相关政策。
[温家宝]:加强和改进投资管理,严格执行用地、节能、环保、安全等市场准入标准和产业政策,切实防止重复建设。对有财政资金投入的建设项目,要加强全程监督,坚决避免以扩大内需为名,搞劳民伤财的形象工程和政绩工程。坚持科学民主决策,确保公共投资真正用于推进经济社会发展和改善人民生活,经得起实践和历史的检验。
[温家宝]:(二)加快转变经济发展方式,调整优化经济结构
[温家宝]:转变经济发展方式刻不容缓。要大力推动经济进入创新驱动、内生增长的发展轨道。
[温家宝]:继续推进重点产业调整振兴。一是加大技术改造力度。用好技改专项资金,引导企业开发新产品和节能降耗。二是促进企业兼并重组。打破行业垄断和地区封锁,推动优势企业兼并困难企业,加快淘汰落后产能。三是全面提升产品质量。引导企业以品牌、标准、服务和效益为重点,健全质量管理体系,强化社会责任。切实加强市场监管和诚信体系建设,努力把我国产品质量提高到新水平。
[温家宝]:大力培育战略性新兴产业。国际金融危机正在催生新的科技革命和产业革命。发展战略性新兴产业,抢占经济科技制高点,决定国家的未来,必须抓住机遇,明确重点,有所作为。要大力发展新能源、新材料、节能环保、生物医药、信息网络和高端制造产业。积极推进新能源汽车、“三网”融合取得实质性进展,加快物联网的研发应用。加大对战略性新兴产业的投入和政策支持。
[温家宝]:进一步促进中小企业发展。一是建立和完善中小企业服务体系。抓紧修订中小企业划分标准,加快中小企业公共服务平台、信息服务网络和小企业创业基地建设,进一步减少、简化行政审批,坚决清理和取消不合理收费。二是继续落实财政对中小企业支持政策。中央财政扶持中小企业发展专项资金安排106亿元。对部分小型微利企业实行所得税优惠政策。中央财政预算内技术改造专项投资要覆盖中小企业,地方政府也要加大投入。
[温家宝]:三是加强对中小企业的金融支持。完善小企业信贷考核体系。鼓励建立小企业贷款风险补偿基金。中小企业贷款税前全额拨备损失准备金。发展多层次中小企业信用担保体系,落实好对符合条件的中小企业信用担保机构免征营业税、准备金提取和代偿损失在税前扣除的政策。拓宽中小企业融资渠道,切实解决中小企业特别是小企业融资难问题。
[温家宝]:加快发展服务业。进一步提高服务业发展水平和在国民经济中的比重。大力发展金融、物流、信息、研发、工业设计、商务、节能环保服务等面向生产的服务业,促进服务业与现代制造业有机融合。大力发展市政公用事业、房地产和物业服务、社区服务等面向民生的服务业,加快发展旅游业,积极拓展新型服务领域。
[温家宝]:农村服务业基础薄弱、发展潜力大,要加快构建和完善以生产销售、科技信息和金融服务为主体的农村生产生活服务体系。加快建立公开平等规范的服务业准入制度,鼓励社会资本进入。进一步完善促进服务业发展的政策,逐步实现国家鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。
[温家宝]:打好节能减排攻坚战和持久战。一要以工业、交通、建筑为重点,大力推进节能,提高能源效率。扎实推进十大重点节能工程、千家企业节能行动和节能产品惠民工程,形成全社会节能的良好风尚。今年要新增8000万吨标准煤的节能能力。所有新建、改建、扩建燃煤机组必须同步建成并运行烟气脱硫设施。
[温家宝]:二要加强环境保护。积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治等工作。新增城镇污水日处理能力1500万立方米、垃圾日处理能力6万吨。
[温家宝]:三要积极发展循环经济和节能环保产业。支持循环经济技术研发、示范推广和能力建设。抓好节能、节水、节地、节材工作。推进矿产资源综合利用、工业废物回收利用、余热余压发电和生活垃圾资源化利用。[温家宝]:四要积极应对气候变化。大力开发低碳技术,推广高效节能技术,积极发展新能源和可再生能源,加强智能电网建设。加快国土绿化进程,增加森林碳汇,新增造林面积不低于8880万亩。要努力建设以低碳排放为特征的产业体系和消费模式,积极参与应对气候变化国际合作,推动全球应对气候变化取得新进展。
[温家宝]:推进区域经济协调发展。继续深入推进西部大开发,全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地,大力促进中部地区崛起,积极支持东部地区率先发展。
[温家宝]:认真落实促进区域经济社会发展的各项规划和政策。加快推进主体功能区建设。重点抓好西藏和四省藏区、新疆经济社会发展政策的制定和实施工作。
[温家宝]:加强对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的支持。实施区域发展总体战略,重在发挥各地比较优势,有针对性地解决各地发展中的突出矛盾和问题;重在扭转区域经济社会发展差距扩大的趋势,增强发展的协调性;重在加快完善公共财政体系,促进基本公共服务均等化。
[温家宝]:(三)加大统筹城乡发展力度,强化农业农村发展基础
[温家宝]:在连续6年增产增收之后,更要毫不松懈地抓好“三农”工作。要按照统筹城乡发展的要求,坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重,进一步强化强农惠农政策,协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业农村现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
[温家宝]:促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。稳定粮食生产,扩大油料种植面积,增加重要紧缺农产品供应,大规模开展粮棉油糖高产创建,大规模开展园艺产品生产和畜牧水产养殖标准化创建,保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全。
[温家宝]:继续实施对种粮农民直接补贴,增加农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴,中央财政拟安排补贴资金1335亿元,比上年增加60.4亿元。进一步提高粮食最低收购价,早籼稻、中晚籼稻、粳稻每斤分别提高3分、5分和1毛钱,小麦每斤提高3分钱,继续实施重要农产品临时收储政策,让农民得到更多实惠。[温家宝]:加强对产粮大县、养猪大县、养牛大县的财政扶持。大力发展农产品加工业,推进农业产业化经营,支持批发市场和农贸市场升级改造,推动生产与市场对接。促进农民就业创业,多渠道增加农民收入。进一步加大扶贫开发力度。我们要坚持不懈地消除贫困落后,让农民群众早日过上富裕安康的生活。
[温家宝]:加强农业基础设施建设。坚持财政支出优先支持农业农村发展,预算内固定资产投资优先投向农业基础设施和农村民生工程,土地出让收益优先用于农业土地开发和农村基础设施建设。
[温家宝]:中央财政拟安排“三农”投入8183亿元,比上年增加930亿元,地方各级财政也要增加投入。以主产区为重点,全面实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。以农田水利为重点,加强农业基础设施建设,加快大中型灌区的配套改造,扩大节水灌溉面积,建设高标准农田,完成大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。以良种培育为重点,加快农业科技创新和推广,实施好转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项。积极推进现代农业示范区建设。加快建设乡镇和区域性农机推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。
[温家宝]:深化农村改革。毫不动摇地坚持农村基本经营制度,加快完善有关法律法规和政策,现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变。加强土地承包经营权流转的管理和服务,在依法自愿有偿流转基础上发展多种形式规模经营。继续推进农村综合改革。完善集体林权制度改革配套政策。启动国有林场改革。继续推进草原基本经营制度改革。发展农民专业合作社,提高农业组织化程度。加快培育小型农村金融机构,积极推广农村小额信用贷款,切实改善农村金融服务。深入推进乡镇机构改革。
[温家宝]:统筹推进城镇化和新农村建设。坚持走中国特色城镇化道路,促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展,着力提高城镇综合承载能力,发挥城市对农村的辐射带动作用,促进城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。壮大县域经济,大力加强县城和中心镇基础设施和环境建设,引导非农产业和农村人口有序向小城镇集聚,鼓励返乡农民工就地创业。
[温家宝]:城乡建设都要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度,切实保护农民合法权益。推进户籍制度改革,放宽中小城市和小城镇落户条件。有计划有步骤地解决好农民工在城镇的就业和生活问题,逐步实现农民工在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租购以及社会保障方面与城镇居民享有同等待遇。
[温家宝]:进一步增加农村生产生活设施建设投入,启动新一轮农村电网改造,扩大农村沼气建设规模,今年再解决6000万农村人口的安全饮水问题,实施农村清洁工程,改善农村生产生活条件。我们要让符合条件的农业转移人口逐步变为城镇居民,也要让农民有一个幸福生活的美好家园。
[温家宝]:(四)全面实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
[温家宝]:教育、科技和人才,是国家强盛、民族振兴的基石,也是综合国力的核心。
[温家宝]:优先发展教育事业。强国必先强教。只有一流的教育,才能培养一流人才,建设一流国家。要抓紧启动实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。着重抓好五个方面:
[温家宝]:一是推进教育改革。要解放思想,大胆突破,勇于创新,鼓励试验,对办学体制、教学内容、教育方法、评价制度等进行系统改革。坚持育人为本,大力推进素质教育。探索适应不同类型教育和人才成长的学校管理体制和办学模式,提高办学和人才培养水平。鼓励社会力量兴办教育,满足群众多样化的教育需求。
[温家宝]:二是促进义务教育均衡发展。在合理布局的基础上,加快推进中西部地区初中校舍改造和全国中小学校舍安全工程,尽快使所有学校的校舍、设备和师资达到规定标准。为农村中小学班级配备多媒体远程教学设备,让广大农村和偏远地区的孩子共享优质教育资源。加强学前教育和特殊教育学校建设。加大对少数民族和民族地区教育的支持。
[温家宝]:三是继续加强职业教育。以就业为目标,整合教育资源,改进教学方式,着力培养学生的就业创业能力。
[温家宝]:四是推进高等学校管理体制和招生制度改革。进一步落实高等学校办学自主权,鼓励高等学校适应就业和经济社会发展需要,调整专业和课程设置,推动高等学校人才培养、科技创新和学术发展紧密结合,激励教师专注于教育,努力建设有特色、高水平大学。创建若干一流大学,培养杰出人才。中央财政要加大对中西部高等教育发展的支持。
[温家宝]:五是加强教师队伍建设。从多方面采取措施,吸引优秀人才投身教育事业,鼓励他们终身从教。重点加强农村义务教育学校教师和校长培训,鼓励优秀教师到农村贫困地区从教。加强师德教育,增强教师的责任感和使命感。教育寄托着亿万家庭对美好生活的期盼,关系着民族素质和国家未来。不普及和提高教育,国家不可能强盛。这个道理我们要永远铭记。
[温家宝]:大力发展科学技术。要认真贯彻自主创新的方针,全面推进创新型国家建设,加快实施科技重大专项。着力突破带动技术革命、促进产业振兴的关键科技问题,突破提高健康水平、保障改善民生的重大公益性科技问题,突破增强国际竞争力、维护国家安全的战略高技术问题。
[温家宝]:前瞻部署生物、纳米、量子调控、信息网络、气候变化、空天海洋等领域基础研究和前沿技术研究。深化科技体制改革,着力解决科技与经济脱节的问题,推动以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设,促进科技资源优化配置、开放共享和高效利用。
[温家宝]:要大力实施知识产权战略,加强知识产权创造、应用和保护。进一步激发广大科技工作者和全社会的创新活力。
[温家宝]:加快人才资源开发。人才是第一资源。要统筹推进各类人才队伍建设,突出培养创新型科技人才、经济社会发展重点领域专门人才和高技能人才,积极引进海外高层次人才。
[温家宝]:建立健全政府、社会、用人单位和个人等多元化的人才培养投入机制,充分发挥市场配置人才资源的基础性作用,努力营造人才辈出、人尽其才的制度环境,建设人力资源强国。
[温家宝]:(五)大力加强文化建设 [温家宝]:国家发展、民族振兴,不仅需要强大的经济力量,更需要强大的文化力量。文化是一个民族的精神和灵魂,是一个民族真正有力量的决定性因素,可以深刻影响一个国家发展的进程,改变一个民族的命运。没有先进文化的发展,没有全民族文明素质的提高,就不可能真正实现现代化。解放思想、改革开放的时代精神,已经成为推动社会前进的先进文化力量,使中华民族充满生机与活力。
[温家宝]:一年来,我们大力发展公益性文化事业,加快推进文化体制改革,加强公共文化服务体系建设,促进文化产业快速成长,繁荣文化市场,有效扩大了内需。新的一年,我们要更加重视和大力加强文化建设。继承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化,吸收和借鉴世界各国文明成果,建设中华民族共有精神家园。
[温家宝]:政府要更好地履行发展公益性文化事业的责任,保障人民群众的基本需求和权益。文化基础设施建设和公共文化资源配置要向基层、特别是农村和中西部地区倾斜,推进美术馆、图书馆、文化馆、博物馆免费开放,丰富人民群众的精神文化生活。
[温家宝]:要继续推进文化体制改革,扶持公益性文化事业,发展文化产业,鼓励文化创新,培育骨干文化企业,生产更多健康向上的文化产品,满足人民群众多样化的文化需求。
[温家宝]:促进哲学社会科学、广播影视、新闻出版、档案事业发展,繁荣文学艺术创作,加强文物保护。积极开展对外文化交流,增强中华文化国际影响力。大力发展公共体育事业,广泛开展全民健身运动,提高人民的身体素质。中华民族不仅能够创造经济奇迹,也一定能够创造新的文化辉煌。
[温家宝]:(六)着力保障和改善民生,促进社会和谐进步
[温家宝]:改善民生是经济发展的根本目的。只有着力保障和改善民生,经济发展才有持久的动力,社会进步才有牢固的基础,国家才能长治久安。
[温家宝]:千方百计扩大就业。这是保障和改善民生的头等大事。今年就业形势依然严峻,工作上不能有丝毫松懈。要继续实施积极的就业政策。中央财政拟投入433亿元用于促进就业。[温家宝]:重点做好高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员就业和退伍转业军人就业安置工作。2009年到期的“五缓四减三补贴”就业扶持政策延长一年。
[温家宝]:加强政策支持和就业指导,鼓励高校毕业生到城乡基层、中西部地区和中小企业就业;拓宽就业、择业、创业渠道,鼓励自主创业、自谋职业等多种形式的灵活就业,以创业带动就业。建立健全公共投资带动就业的机制。继续加强职业技能培训,重点提高农民工和城乡新增劳动力的就业能力。
[温家宝]:完善就业服务体系,健全劳动力输出输入地区协调协作机制,引导劳动力特别是农民工有序流动。加快建立统一规范的人力资源市场。维护劳动者合法权益,构建和谐的劳动关系。我们要通过持之以恒的努力,创造更多的就业机会,让广大劳动者各尽所能、各得其所。
[温家宝]:加快完善覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。扎实推进新型农村社会养老保险试点,试点范围扩大到23%的县。加快解决未参保集体企业退休人员基本养老保障等遗留问题。将全国130万“老工伤”人员全部纳入工伤保险范围。积极推进农民工参加社会保险。加强城乡低保工作,切实做到动态管理、应保尽保。
[温家宝]:加强残疾人社会保障和服务体系建设,进一步落实好扶残助残的各项政策,为他们平等参与社会生活创造更好的环境。
[温家宝]:企业退休人员基本养老金今年再提高10%。各级政府要进一步增加社会保障投入,中央财政拟安排3185亿元。要多渠道增加全国社会保障基金,加强监管,实现保值增值。我们要加快构建更加完善的社会保障安全网,使人民生活有基本保障、无后顾之忧。
[温家宝]:改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社会公平正义的重要体现。我们不仅要通过发展经济,把社会财富这个“蛋糕”做大,也要通过合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。
[温家宝]:要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,兼顾效率与公平,走共同富裕的道路。[温家宝]:一要抓紧制定调整国民收入分配格局的政策措施,逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。加大财政、税收在收入初次分配和再分配中的调节作用。创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。
[温家宝]:二要深化垄断行业收入分配制度改革。完善对垄断行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控政策。严格规范国有企业、金融机构经营管理人员特别是高管的收入,完善监管办法。
[温家宝]:三要进一步规范收入分配秩序。坚决打击取缔非法收入,规范灰色收入,逐步形成公开透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序,坚决扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。
[温家宝]:促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。要坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头,满足人民群众的基本住房需求。一是继续大规模实施保障性安居工程。中央财政拟安排保障性住房专项补助资金632亿元,比上年增加81亿元。
[温家宝]:建设保障性住房300万套,各类棚户区改造住房280万套。扩大农村危房改造试点范围。各级政府要切实负起责任,严格执行年度建设计划,确保土地、资金和优惠政策落实到位。
[温家宝]:二是继续支持居民自住性住房消费。增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品房用地供应,加快普通商品房项目审批和建设进度。规范发展二手房市场,倡导住房租赁消费。盘活住房租赁市场。
[温家宝]:三是抑制投机性购房。加大差别化信贷、税收政策执行力度。完善商品房预售制度。
[温家宝]:四是大力整顿和规范房地产市场秩序。完善土地收入管理使用办法,抑制土地价格过快上涨。加大对圈地不建、捂盘惜售、哄抬房价等违法违规行为的查处力度。
[温家宝]:加快推进医药卫生事业改革发展。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革,全面落实五项重点工作。继续扩大基本医疗保障覆盖面。[温家宝]:今年要把城镇居民基本医保和新农合的财政补助标准提高到120元,比上年增长50%,并适当提高个人缴费标准。开展农村儿童白血病、先天性心脏病医疗保障试点,尽力为这些不幸的儿童和家庭提供更多帮助。
[温家宝]:在60%政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构实施基本药物制度,其他医疗机构也要优先选用基本药物。推进基本药物集中采购和统一配送。基本完成城乡基层医疗卫生机构建设规划,大规模开展适宜人才培养和培训。
[温家宝]:进一步完善支持村卫生室建设和乡村医生发展的政策措施。完善基层医疗卫生机构补偿机制,落实岗位绩效工资。开展社区首诊试点,推动形成基层医疗卫生机构和医院功能区分合理、协作配合、互相转诊的服务体系。
[温家宝]:切实加强甲型H1N1流感等重大传染病防控和慢性病、职业病、地方病防治,提高突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力。
[温家宝]:开展公立医院改革试点,坚持基本医疗的公益性方向,创新体制机制,充分调动医务人员积极性,提高服务质量,控制医疗费用,改善医患关系。
[温家宝]:大力支持社会资本兴办医疗卫生机构,在服务准入、医保定点等方面一视同仁。扶持和促进中医药、民族医药事业发展。
[温家宝]:医药卫生事业改革发展关系人民身体健康和家庭幸福,我们要克服一切困难,把这个世界性难题解决好。(掌声)[温家宝]:做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平。做好流动人口计划生育服务工作。落实好农村妇女妇科疾病定期检查和住院分娩补助政策。
[温家宝]:加强出生缺陷干预,开展免费孕前优生健康检查试点,做好孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作。继续实施农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和西部地区少生快富工程。
[温家宝]:切实保护好妇女和未成年人权益。加强应对人口老龄化战略研究,加快建立健全养老社会服务体系,让老年人安享晚年生活。[温家宝]:(七)坚定不移推进改革,进一步扩大开放
[温家宝]:今年要继续深化重点领域和关键环节改革,努力实现新的突破。
[温家宝]:我们要继续推进国有经济布局和结构战略性调整。加快大型国有企业特别是中央企业母公司的公司制改革,实现产权多元化,完善法人治理结构。加快推进垄断性行业改革,推进公用事业改革,切实放宽市场准入,积极引入竞争机制。着力营造多种所有制经济公平竞争的市场环境,更好地促进非公有制经济发展。
[温家宝]:深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,作为节约能源资源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的重要举措。
[温家宝]:要扩大用电大户与发电企业直接交易试点,推行居民用电用水阶梯价格制度,健全可再生能源发电定价和费用分摊机制。
[温家宝]:完善农业用水价格政策。改革污水处理、垃圾处理收费制度。扩大排污权交易试点。在推进这些改革中要注意协调好各方面利益关系,决不能让低收入群众的基本生活受到影响。
[温家宝]:要继续推进财税体制改革。健全公共财政体系。完善财政转移支付制度,加大一般性转移支付,增强地方政府提供基本公共服务的能力。
[温家宝]:健全省以下财政管理体制,完善县级基本财力保障机制,推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。全面编制中央和地方政府性基金预算,试编社会保险基金预算,完善国有资本经营预算制度。
[温家宝]:继续做好增值税转型工作。推进资源税改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加制度。
[温家宝]:健全金融体系是应对国际金融危机冲击的重要举措。要继续完善国有控股金融机构公司治理,改善经营管理机制,提高风险管控能力。[温家宝]:继续推动政策性金融机构改革。稳步推进资产管理公司转型。深化农村信用社改革。推动中小金融机构规范发展。
[温家宝]:大力发展金融市场,鼓励金融创新。推进跨境贸易人民币结算试点,逐步发展境外人民币金融业务。推进存款保险制度建设。加快发展农业保险。
[温家宝]:要按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离的要求,在科学分类的基础上,积极稳妥推进事业单位改革。
[温家宝]:我们的改革是全面的改革,包括经济体制改革、政治体制改革以及其他各领域的改革。没有政治体制改革,经济体制改革和现代化建设就不可能成功。
[温家宝]:要发展社会主义民主,切实保障人民当家作主的民主权利,特别是选举权、知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。
[温家宝]:进一步扩大基层民主,健全基层自治组织和民主管理制度,让广大群众更好地参与管理基层公共事务。
[温家宝]:要坚持依法治国、依法行政。进一步健全法制,特别要重视那些规范和监督权力运行的法律制度建设。创新政府立法工作的方法和机制,扩大立法工作的公众参与。
[温家宝]:我们要全面适应国际形势变化和国内发展要求,拓展对外开放的广度和深度。
[温家宝]:稳定发展对外贸易。今年的主要着力点是拓市场、调结构、促平衡。坚持实施市场多元化战略和以质取胜战略,落实和完善出口退税、出口信贷、出口信用保险等各项政策措施,继续改善海关、质检、外汇等方面的服务。巩固传统市场,大力开拓新兴市场。
[温家宝]:优化出口产品结构,稳定劳动密集型产品出口,扩大机电产品和高新技术产品出口,大力发展服务贸易和服务外包,努力培育出口品牌和营销网络,继续严格控制“两高一资”产品出口。[温家宝]:积极推进加工贸易转型升级。促进进出口平衡发展,重点扩大先进技术装备、关键零部件和国内紧缺物资进口,稳定各项进口促进政策和便利化措施,敦促发达国家放宽高新技术产品出口限制。
[温家宝]:推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。优化利用外资结构,鼓励外资投向高端制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业、新能源和节能环保产业,鼓励跨国公司在华设立地区总部等各类功能性机构,鼓励中外企业加强研发合作。
[温家宝]:鼓励外资参与国内企业改组改造和兼并重组,加快建立外资并购安全审查制度。促进“引资”与“引智”相结合。引导外资向中西部地区转移和增加投资。
[温家宝]:加快实施“走出去”战略,鼓励符合国外市场需求的行业有序向境外转移产能,支持有条件的企业开展海外并购,深化境外资源互利合作,提高对外承包工程和劳务合作的质量。
[温家宝]:进一步简化各类审批手续,落实企业境外投资自主权。“走出去”的企业要依法经营,规避风险,防止恶性竞争,维护国家整体利益和良好形象。
[温家宝]:深化多边双边经贸合作。加强和改善与发达国家的经贸关系,深化与发展中国家的互利合作,认真落实中非务实合作八项新举措。发挥经济高层对话和双边经贸联委会作用。加快自由贸易区建设步伐。积极参与多哈回合谈判,推动早日达成更加合理、平衡的谈判结果。反对各种形式的保护主义,妥善处理贸易摩擦。
[温家宝]:上海世博会即将拉开帷幕。要加强与各参展国家、地区和国际组织的合作,把上海世博会办成一届成功、精彩、难忘的盛会,办成一届促进人类文明进步,促进科技创新,促进我国与世界各国交流合作、共同发展的盛会。(掌声)[温家宝]:(八)努力建设人民满意的服务型政府
[温家宝]:一年来,政府自身改革和建设取得新进展。为应对各种困难,我们特别注意发扬民主、倾听基层群众意见,重视维护群众利益。[温家宝]:广大公务员兢兢业业、勤勉尽责,为保增长、保民生、保稳定作出了积极贡献。但是政府工作与人民的期望还有较大差距。
[温家宝]:职能转变不到位,对微观经济干预过多,社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱;一些工作人员依法行政意识不强;一些领导干部脱离群众、脱离实际,形式主义、官僚主义严重;一些领域腐败现象易发多发。
[温家宝]:我们要以转变职能为核心,深化行政管理体制改革,大力推进服务型政府建设,努力为各类市场主体创造公平的发展环境,为人民群众提供良好的公共服务,维护社会公平正义。
[温家宝]:我们要全面正确履行政府职能,更加重视公共服务和社会管理。加快健全覆盖全民的公共服务体系,全面增强基本公共服务能力。
[温家宝]:健全重大自然灾害、突发公共安全事件应急处理机制。加强防灾减灾能力建设。加强食品药品质量监管,做好安全生产工作,遏制重特大事故发生。
[温家宝]:要适应新形势,推进社会管理体制改革和创新,合理调节社会利益关系。认真解决企业改制、征地拆迁、环境保护、劳动争议、涉法涉诉等领域损害群众利益的突出问题,保障人民群众的合法权益。加强和改进信访工作。
[温家宝]:改善流动人口管理和服务。加强社会治安综合治理,着力解决突出治安问题,防范和依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动,维护国家安全和社会稳定。
[温家宝]:要努力提高执行力和公信力。坚持决策的科学化、民主化,使各项政策更加符合实际、经得起检验。加强对政策执行情况的检查监督,做到令行禁止。
[温家宝]:强化行政问责,对失职渎职、不作为和乱作为的,要严肃追究责任。各地区、各部门对中央的决策部署要执行有力,绝不允许各自为政。各级行政机关及其公务员要自觉遵守宪法和法律,严格依法行政。[温家宝]:切实改进行政执法工作,努力做到规范执法、公正执法、文明执法。加快建立健全决策、执行、监督相互制约又相互协调的行政运行机制。
[温家宝]:要把反腐倡廉建设摆在重要位置,这直接关系政权的巩固。各级领导干部特别是高级干部要坚决执行中央关于报告个人经济和财产,包括收入、住房、投资,以及配偶子女从业等重大事项的规定,并自觉接受纪检部门的监督。
[温家宝]:要把查处违法违纪大案要案,作为反腐败的重要任务。充分发挥监察、审计部门的作用,加强对行政权力运行的监督。要建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系的各项制度,特别要健全公共资源配置、公共资产交易、公共产品生产等领域的管理制度,增强制度约束力。
[温家宝]:要坚持勤俭行政,反对铺张浪费,不断降低行政成本。严格控制楼堂馆所建设,禁止高档装修办公楼,加快公务接待、公车使用等制度改革,从严控制公费出国出境。
[温家宝]:切实精简会议和文件,特别要减少那些形式重于内容的会议、庆典和论坛。要深入推进政务公开,完善各类公开办事制度和行政复议制度,创造条件让人民批评政府、监督政府,同时充分发挥新闻舆论的监督作用,让权力在阳光下运行。(掌声)[温家宝]:我们所做的一切都是要让人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊严,让社会更加公正、更加和谐。(掌声)[温家宝]:各位代表!促进民族团结,实现共同进步,是中华民族的生命、力量和希望所在。要巩固和发展平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。认真落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施,优先支持边疆民族地区加快发展。加快完成边境一线地区危旧房改造,实施游牧民定居工程。
[温家宝]:新型农村社会养老保险要优先在边境县、民族地区贫困县试点。加大扶持人口较少民族发展力度。继续推进兴边富民行动。重视保护少数民族文化遗产和民族地区生态环境。切实做好少数民族流动人口公共服务、就业和管理工作,保障他们的合法权益。[温家宝]:同时,加强国家意识、公民意识教育。我们要旗帜鲜明地反对民族分裂,维护祖国统一,让少数民族和民族地区各族群众充分感受到祖国大家庭的温暖。(掌声)[温家宝]:我们要全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,依法管理宗教事务。发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济发展和社会和谐中的积极作用。
[温家宝]:我们要认真贯彻党的侨务政策。维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益,支持他们传承中华文化,参与祖国现代化建设和促进和平统一大业。(掌声)[温家宝]:各位代表!过去一年,国防和军队现代化建设取得新的成就。人民解放军和武警部队圆满完成国庆首都阅兵、重点地区维稳等重大任务,为维护国家安全和发展利益发挥了重要作用。
[温家宝]:新的一年,要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局,着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命,按照革命化现代化正规化相统一的原则,加强军队全面建设。以增强打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心,提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。
[温家宝]:大力加强军队思想政治建设。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。加强国防科研和武器装备建设。依法治军、从严治军,提高军队正规化水平。
[温家宝]:积极稳妥地深化国防和军队改革。加强武警部队现代化建设,增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。各级政府要一如既往地关心支持国防和军队建设,巩固和发展军政军民团结。(掌声)[温家宝]:各位代表!我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针,全力支持香港、澳门保持长期繁荣稳定。支持香港巩固并提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位,发展优势产业,培育新的经济增长点。
[温家宝]:支持澳门发展旅游休闲产业,促进经济适度多元化。要认真实施珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要,积极推进港珠澳大桥等大型跨境基础设施建设和珠海横琴岛开发,深化粤港澳合作,密切内地与港澳的经济联系。[温家宝]:伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。(掌声)[温家宝]:只要特别行政区政府与各界人士同心协力,包容共济,共同维护繁荣稳定发展的大局,香港、澳门的明天一定会更加美好。(掌声)[温家宝]:过去的一年,两岸关系在新的历史起点上取得重要进展,呈现和平发展良好势头。两岸交流合作不断深入,全面直接双向“三通”得以实现。经济关系正常化迈出重要步伐,经济合作制度化建设逐步推进。两岸关系持续改善和发展,给两岸同胞带来了实实在在的利益。
[温家宝]:在新的一年里,我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针,牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题,不断开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。密切两岸经贸金融交往,深化产业合作,支持在大陆的台资企业发展,维护台胞合法权益。
[温家宝]:鼓励有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。支持海峡西岸经济区在两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。通过商签两岸经济合作框架协议,促进互利共赢,建立具有两岸特色的经济合作机制。拓展文化教育交流,共同弘扬中华文化。
[温家宝]:加强两岸民众和社会各界交流,共同分享两岸关系和平发展成果,进一步凝聚推动两岸关系和平发展的共识。坚持大陆和台湾同属一个中国,巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础,增强两岸政治互信。我们坚信,全体中华儿女同心协力,祖国完全统一的宏伟大业一定能够实现!(掌声)[温家宝]:各位代表!过去的一年,外交工作取得新的重大成绩。我国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等国际合作,在一系列重大多边会议上发挥了独特的建设性作用。我们积极开展全方位外交,与各大国、周边国家和广大发展中国家的对话合作稳步推进。大力加强人文等领域外交。有效维护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。
[温家宝]:新中国外交走过了60年光辉历程,在国际舞台上留下了闪光足迹。我们将继续发扬光荣传统,始终高举和平、发展、合作旗帜,坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,坚持走和平发展道路,奉行互利共赢的开放战略,推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界,为我国现代化建设创造良好的外部环境。
[温家宝]:新的一年,我们将继续以20国集团金融峰会等重大多边活动为主要平台,积极参与国际体系变革进程,维护发展中国家利益。统筹协调好双边外交与多边外交、国别区域外交与各领域外交工作,推动我国与各大国、周边国家和发展中国家的关系全面深入发展。
[温家宝]:紧紧抓住中国-东盟自贸区全面建成、上海合作组织召开峰会等契机,积极推进区域合作。进一步做好应对气候变化、能源资源合作等方面的对外工作,在妥善解决热点问题和全球性问题中发挥建设性作用。
[温家宝]:中国政府和人民愿与国际社会携手努力,共同应对风险挑战,共同分享发展机遇,为世界和平与发展作出新贡献!(掌声)[温家宝]:各位代表!艰辛成就伟业,奋斗创造辉煌。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下,凝聚起亿万人民的智慧和力量,再接再厉,开拓进取,全面完成“十一五”规划的各项任务,不断夺取改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业的新胜利!(持续热烈掌声)来源:人民网 编辑:王小龙
第二篇:2011年3月5日全国人大会议开幕温家宝作政府工作报告全文
2011年3月5日全国人大会议开幕温家宝作政府工作报告全文
2011年3月5日上午9时,第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在人民大会堂开幕,听取国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告,审查“十二五”规划纲要草案、计划报告和预算报告。
[温家宝]各位代表:现在,我代表国务院,向大会作政府工作报告,请各位代表审议,并请全国政协委员提出意见。
[温家宝]
一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾
[温家宝]“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战,中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民,全面推进改革开放和现代化建设,国家面貌发生了历史性变化。
[温家宝]这五年,我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击,保持经济平稳较快发展,胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务,国民经济迈上新的台阶。
[温家宝]国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元,年均增长11.2%,财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。
[温家宝]这五年,各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人,转移农业劳动力4500万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%;覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。
[温家宝]这五年,改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破,社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元,开放型经济水平快速提升。
[温家宝]这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。
[温家宝]这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。
[温家宝]五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
[温家宝](一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度,牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。
[温家宝]“十一五”前期,针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩,以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题,采取正确的政策措施,有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。
[温家宝]近两年,面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击,我们沉着应对、科学决策,果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划,大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税,大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划,大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑,大幅度提高社会保障水平。
[温家宝]坚持扩大内需的战略方针,采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施,增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入,消费规模持续扩大,结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划,其中,新增中央投资1.18万亿元。
[温家宝]保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%,重大基础设施建设占23.6%,灾后恢复重建占14.8%。
[温家宝]政府投资引导带动社会投资,国内需求大幅增加,有效弥补外需缺口,较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势,在世界率先实现回升向好,既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生,又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
[温家宝](二)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作,巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元,年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费,结束了农民种田交税的历史,每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。
[温家宝]建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制,农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策,小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。
[温家宝]粮食产量屡创历史新高,去年达到1.09万亿斤,连续7年增产;农民人均纯收入达到5919元,实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进,集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。
[温家宝]农业农村基础设施加快建设,完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固,解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题,农民的日子越过越好,农村发展进入一个新时代。
[温家宝](三)大力推进经济结构调整,提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组,工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。
[温家宝]战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系,实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程,突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。
[温家宝]服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。
[温家宝]二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。
[温家宝]关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。
[温家宝]三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。
[温家宝]中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。
[温家宝](四)坚定不移深化改革开放,增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善,县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施,成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,资源税改革启动试点,内外资企业税制全面统一。
[温家宝]国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成,政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进;平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题,创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出,债券市场稳步发展;深入推进保险业改革开放;人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。[2011-03-05 09:20:22]
[温家宝]邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策,非公有制经济发展环境不断改善,多种所有制经济共同发展。
[温家宝]不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%,结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降,2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快,累计对外直接投资2200亿美元,对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。
[温家宝]积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设,多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整,增加了就业,吸收了先进技术和管理经验,大大提高了我国的国际地位。
[温家宝](五)加快发展社会事业,切实保障和改善民生。始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调,围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务,促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业,做好退役军人就业安置工作。
[温家宝]实施劳动合同法和就业促进法,普遍提高最低工资标准,推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展,城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹,实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法,连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平,年均增长10%,新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。
[温家宝]积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革,全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度,惠及4.32亿城镇职工和城镇居民、8.35亿农村居民。
[温家宝]最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖,城乡社会救助体系基本建立,社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元,比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造,使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒,努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。
[温家宝]制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元,年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育,所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。
[温家宝]中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度,财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元,覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中,共资助学生2130万名,还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。
[温家宝]加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平,增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,中央财政科技投入6197亿元,年均增长22.7%,取得了一系列重大成果。
[温家宝]大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金,改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院,建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。
[温家宝]文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快,文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播电视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快,全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进,“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理,社会保持和谐稳定。
[温家宝]抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利,汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成,玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼,中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强,中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。(掌声)
[温家宝]五年来,我们不断深化行政管理体制改革,加快转变政府职能,全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革,深入推进依法行政,建设法治政府和服务型政府,推进政务公开,加强行政问责,坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争,政府自身建设取得积极进展。
[温家宝]过去五年,我们是一步一个脚印走过来的,中国人民有理由为此感到自豪!(掌声)五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果,是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。
[温家宝]在这里,我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚感谢!(掌声)向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚感谢!(掌声)向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚感谢!(掌声)
[温家宝]我们清醒地认识到,我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是:经济增长的资源环境约束强化,投资与消费关系失衡,收入分配差距较大,科技创新能力不强,产业结构不合理,农业基础仍然薄弱,城乡区域发展不协调,就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存,制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多;服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。
[温家宝]一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决,主要是:优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均;物价上涨压力加大,部分城市房价涨幅过高;违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多;食品安全问题比较突出;一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神,通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力,加快解决这些问题,让人民满意。(掌声)
[温家宝]回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作,我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。
[温家宝]一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战,靠的是发展;各领域取得的一切成就和进步,靠的是发展;解决前进道路上的困难和问题,仍然要靠发展。
[温家宝]我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,必须坚持以经济建设为中心,坚持科学发展。要以人为本,把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,坚定不移走共同富裕道路,使发展成果惠及全体人民;坚持统筹兼顾,促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展;加快转变经济发展方式,大力推进自主创新,节约资源和保护环境,使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调,提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。
[温家宝]二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制,有效的宏观调控,都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多一些还是政府作用多一些,必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中,我们加强和改善宏观调控,及时纠正市场扭曲,弥补市场失灵,防止经济出现大的起落,实践证明是完全正确的。
[温家宝]我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用,激发经济的内在活力,同时,科学运用宏观调控手段,促进经济长期平稳较快发展。
[温家宝]三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下,我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密,互动和依存不断增强。必须树立世界眼光,加强战略思维,善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇,稳妥应对风险挑战,利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源,统筹处理好国内发展与对外开放关系,真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。
[温家宝]四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人民幸福的必由之路,必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革,提高改革决策的科学性,增强改革措施的协调性,全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新,从根本上破除体制机制障碍,最大限度解放和发展生产力,促进社会公平正义。
[温家宝]要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点,把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来,以改革促进和谐稳定,确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。(掌声)[温家宝]
二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务
[温家宝]根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》,我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要(草案)》,提交大会审议。
[温家宝]“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期,是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看,世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远,世界经济结构加快调整,全球经济治理机制深刻变革,科技创新和产业转型孕育突破,发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。
[温家宝]从国内看,我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改变,工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展,市场需求潜力巨大,资金供给充裕,科技和教育水平整体提升,劳动力素质提高,基础设施日益完善,政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强,社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势,我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。
[温家宝]我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,适应国内外形势新变化,顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待,以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,深化改革开放,保障和改善民生,巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果,促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定,为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。
[温家宝]我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年,我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算,2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。
[温家宝]要继续加强和改善宏观调控,保持价格总水平基本稳定,把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来,坚持实施扩大内需战略,充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力,加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。
[温家宝]我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路,推动信息化和工业化深度融合,改造提升制造业,培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业,服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。积极稳妥推进城镇化,城镇化率从47.5%提高到51.5%,完善城市化布局和形态,不断提升城镇化的质量和水平。继续加强基础设施建设,进一步夯实经济社会发展基础。
[温家宝]大力发展现代农业,加快社会主义新农村建设。深入实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区战略,逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。促进城乡、区域良性互动,一二三产业协调发展。
[温家宝]我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育,稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针,完善科技创新体系和支持政策,着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%,促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要,加强人才培养,努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。
[温家宝]大力加强文化建设,推动文化改革发展实现新跨越,满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革,健全基本医疗卫生制度,加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制,加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设,确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。
[温家宝]我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理,提高资源保障能力,加大耕地保护、环境保护力度,加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设,全面增强可持续发展能力。
[温家宝]非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%,单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%,主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%,森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米,森林覆盖率达到21.66%。切实加强水利基础设施建设,推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理,明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。
[温家宝]我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标,为全体劳动者创造公平的就业机会,五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步,逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,加快形成合理的收入分配格局。
[温家宝]城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准,减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度,进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖,提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率,政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上,全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策,逐步完善政策,促进人口长期均衡发展,人均预期寿命提高1岁。
[温家宝]我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划,大力推进经济体制改革,积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革,加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,扩大社会主义民主,完善社会主义法制,使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化,为科学发展提供有力保障。
[温家宝]坚持和完善基本经济制度,营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革,积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制,构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。
[温家宝]深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略,培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势,进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。
[温家宝]我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的,必须对人民负责,为人民谋利益,接受人民监督;必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务,管理经济和文化事业;必须坚持依法治国基本方略,加强维护群众利益的法规建设,推进依法行政;必须实行科学、民主决策,建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制,确保权力正确行使;必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况,坚决惩治和预防腐败;必须保障人民的民主权利和合法权益,维护社会公平正义。
[温家宝]总之,经过未来五年努力,实现“十二五”规划的各项目标,我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升,人民生活就会有更大的改善,国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。(掌声)[温家宝]
三、2011年的工作
[温家宝]2011年,是“十二五”开局之年,做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年,我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。
[温家宝]国内生产总值增长10.3%,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%,城镇新增就业1168万人,国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。
[温家宝]今年,我国发展面临的形势依然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏,但复苏的基础不牢。
[温家宝]发达经济体经济增长乏力,失业率居高难下,一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除,主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策,全球流动性大量增加,国际大宗商品价格合主要货币汇率加剧波动,新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大,保护主义继续升温,国际市场竞争更加激烈,不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。
[温家宝]我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织,体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起,加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势,保持清醒头脑,增强忧患意识,做好应对风险的准备。
[温家宝]今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是:国内生产总值增长8%左右;经济结构进一步优化;居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;国际收支状况继续改善。
[温家宝]总的考虑是,为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境,引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上,放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。
[温家宝]实现上述目标,要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性,提高针对性、灵活性、有效性,处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系,更加注重稳定物价总水平,防止经济出现大的波动。
[温家宝]继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元,其中中央财政赤字7000亿元,继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算,赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元,赤字率下降到2%左右。
[温家宝]要着力优化财政支出结构,增加“三农”、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出;压缩一般性支出,严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设,出国(境)经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支出原则上零增长,切实降低行政成本。
[温家宝]继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计,实施全口径监管,研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。
[温家宝]实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模,广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架,综合运用价格和数量工具,提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重,发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用,更好地满足多样化投融资需求。
[温家宝]着力优化信贷结构,引导商业银行加大对重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持,严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动,防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理,提高投资收益。
[温家宝]今年,重点要做好以下几方面工作。
[温家宝](一)保持物价总水平基本稳定
[温家宝]当前,物价上涨较快,通胀预期增强,这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件,努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响,消化要素成本上涨压力,正确引导市场预期,坚决抑制价格上涨势头。
[温家宝]要以经济和法律手段为主,辅之以必要的行政手段,全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性,控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。
[温家宝]二是大力发展生产,保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。
[温家宝]三是加强农产品流通体系建设,积极开展“农超对接”,畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度,把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机,搞好进出口调节,增强市场调控能力。
[温家宝]四是加强价格监管,维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法,严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。
[温家宝]五是完善补贴制度,建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。
[温家宝](二)进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求
[温家宝]扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点,也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。
[温家宝]积极扩大消费需求。继续增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出,增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。
[温家宝]加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送,优化城镇商业网点布局,积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。
[温家宝]大力整顿和规范市场秩序,切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。
[温家宝]大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条,抓紧制定公开透明的市场准入标准和支持政策,切实放宽市场准入,真正破除各种有形和无形的壁垒,鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施、市政公用事业、社会事业、金融服务等领域,推动民营企业加强自主创新和转型升级,鼓励和引导民间资本重组联合和参与国有企业改革,加强对民间投资的服务、指导和规范管理,促进社会投资稳定增长和结构优化。
[温家宝]充分发挥政府投资对结构调整的引导作用,优先保证重点在建、续建项目的资金需求,有序启动“十二五”规划重大项目建设。防止盲目投资和重复建设。严格执行投资项目用地、节能、环保、安全等准入标准,提高投资质量和效益。
[温家宝](三)巩固和加强农业基础地位
[温家宝]坚持把“三农”工作放在重中之重,在工业化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
[温家宝]确保农产品供给,多渠道增加农民收入。要把保障粮食安全作为首要目标,毫不放松地抓好农业生产。稳定粮食种植面积,支持优势产区生产棉花、油料、糖料等大宗产品。
[温家宝]大力发展畜牧业、渔业、林业。切实抓好新一轮“菜篮子”工程建设,大中城市郊区要有基本的菜地面积和生鲜食品供给能力。强化农业科技支撑,发展壮大农作物种业,大规模开展高产创建。
[温家宝]继续实施粮食最低收购价政策,今年小麦最低收购价每50公斤提高5到7元,水稻最低收购价每50公斤提高9到23元。大力发展农村非农产业,壮大县域经济,提高农民职业技能和创业、创收能力,促进农民就地就近转移就业。提高扶贫标准,加大扶贫开发力度。
[温家宝]大兴水利,全面加强农业农村基础设施建设。重点加强农田水利建设、中小河流治理、小型水库和病险水闸除险加固以及山洪地质灾害防治。
[温家宝]完善排灌设施,发展节水灌溉,加固河流堤防,搞好清瘀疏浚,消除水库隐患,扩大防洪库容。通过几年努力,全面提高防汛抗旱、防灾减灾能力。
[温家宝]大力推进农村土地开发整理,大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田,加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。加强农村水电路气房建设,大力改善农村生产生活条件,努力为农民建设美好家园。
[温家宝]加大“三农”投入,完善强农惠农政策。财政支出重点向农业农村倾斜,确保用于农业农村的总量、增量均有提高;预算内固定资产投资重点用于农业农村基础设施建设,确保总量和比重进一步提高;土地出让收益重点投向农业土地开发、农田水利和农村基础设施建设,确保足额提取、定向使用。
[温家宝]今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排9884.5亿元,比上年增加1304.8亿元。继续增加对农民的生产补贴,新增补贴重点向主产区、重点品种、专业大户、农民专业合作组织倾斜。
[温家宝]增加中央财政对粮食、油料、生猪调出大县的一般性转移支付,扩大奖励补助规模和范围。引导金融机构增加涉农信贷投放,确保涉农贷款增量占比不低于上年。
[温家宝]加大政策性金融对“三农”的支持力度。健全政策性农业保险制度,建立农业再保险和巨灾风险分散机制。
[温家宝]深化农村改革,增强农村发展活力。坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,健全覆盖耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包经营制度。有序推进农村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保护补偿机制。
[温家宝]继续推进农村综合改革。全面实施村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补,大幅增加奖补资金规模。加快发展农民专业合作组织和农业社会化服务体系,提高农业组织化程度。
[温家宝]年底前,在全国普遍建立健全乡镇或区域性农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。
[温家宝]解决13亿中国人的吃饭问题始终是头等大事,任何时候都不能掉以轻心。我们有信心也有能力办好这件大事。(掌声)[温家宝](四)加快推进经济结构战略性调整
[温家宝]这是转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。要推动经济尽快走上内生增长、创新驱动的轨道。
[温家宝]调整优化产业结构。加快构建现代产业体系,推动产业转型升级。一是改造提升制造业。加大企业技术改造力度,重点增强新产品开发能力和品牌创建能力,提高能源资源综合利用水平、技术工艺系统集成水平,提高产品质量、技术含量和附加值。
[温家宝]推动重点行业企业跨地区兼并重组。完善落后产能退出机制和配套政策。
[温家宝]二是加快培育发展战略性新兴产业。积极发展新一代信息技术产业,建设高性能宽带信息网,加快实现“三网融合”,促进物联网示范应用。大力推动节能环保、新能源、生物、高端装备制造、新材料、新能源汽车等产业发展。
[温家宝]要抓紧制定标准,完善政策,加强创新能力建设,发挥科技型中小企业作用,促进战略性新兴产业健康发展,加快形成生产能力和核心竞争力。
[温家宝]三是大力发展服务业。加快发展生产性服务业,积极发展生活性服务业。大力发展和提升软件产业。
[温家宝]着力营造有利于服务业发展的市场环境,加快完善促进服务业发展的政策体系。尽快实现鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。
[温家宝]四是加强现代能源产业和综合运输体系建设。积极推动能源生产和利用方式变革,提高能源利用效率。推进传统能源清洁利用,加强智能电网建设,大力发展清洁能源。
[温家宝]统筹发展、加快构建便捷、安全、高效的综合运输体系。坚持陆海统筹,推进海洋经济发展。
[温家宝]促进区域协调发展。全面落实各项区域发展规划。坚持把实施西部大开发战略放在区域发展总体战略的优先位置,认真落实西部大开发新十年的政策措施和促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的各项举措。
[温家宝]全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地,继续推进资源型城市转型。大力促进中部地区崛起,进一步发挥承东启西的区位优势。积极支持东部地区率先发展,在体制机制创新和发展方式转变上走在全国前列。
[温家宝]更好发挥深圳等经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放中先行先试的作用。加大力度支持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区发展,颁布实施2011-2020年中国农村扶贫开发纲要,启动集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发攻坚工程,加快贫困地区脱贫致富步伐。
[温家宝]积极稳妥推进城镇化。坚持走中国特色城镇化道路,遵循城市发展规律,促进城镇化健康发展。坚持科学规划,严格管理。加强城市基础设施和公共服务设施建设,增强城镇综合承载能力,提高管理和服务水平。
[温家宝]因地制宜,分步推进,把有稳定劳动关系并在城镇居住一定年限的农民工,逐步转为城镇居民。对暂不具备落户条件的农民工,要解决好他们在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租赁、社会保障等方面的实际问题。
[温家宝]要充分尊重农民在进城和留乡问题上的自主选择权,切实保护农民承包地、宅基地等合法权益。城镇化要同农业现代化和新农村建设相互促进,这是必须坚持的正确方向。(掌声)
[温家宝]加强节能环保和生态建设,积极应对气候变化。突出抓好工业、建筑、交通运输、公共机构等领域节能。继续实施重点节能工程。大力开展工业节能,推广节能技术,运用节能设备,提高能源利用效率。
[温家宝]加大既有建筑节能改造投入,积极推进新建建筑节能。大力发展循环经济。推进低碳城市试点。加强适应气候变化特别是应对极端气候事件能力建设。
[温家宝]建立完善温室气体排放和节能减排统计监测制度。加快城镇污水管网、垃圾处理设施的规划和建设,推广污水处理回用。启动燃煤电厂脱硝工作,深化颗粒物污染防治。加强海洋污染治理。
[温家宝]加快重点流域水污染治理、大气污染治理、重点地区重金属污染治理和农村环境综合整治,控制农村面源污染。继续实施重大生态修复工程,加强重点生态功能区保护和管理,实施天然林资源保护二期工程,落实草原生态保护补助奖励政策,巩固退耕还林还草、退牧还草等成果,大力开展植树造林,加强湿地保护与恢复,推进荒漠化、石漠化综合治理。
[温家宝]完善防灾减灾应急预案,加快山洪地质灾害易发区调查评价、监测预警、防治应急等体制建设。
[温家宝](五)大力实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
[温家宝]科技、教育和人才是国家发展的基础和根本,必须始终放在重要的战略位置。
[温家宝]坚持优先发展教育。推动教育事业科学发展,为人们提供更加多样、更加公平、更高质量的教育。2012年财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到4%。
[温家宝]加快发展学前教育。公办民办并举,增加学前教育资源,抓紧解决“入园难”问题。促进义务教育均衡发展。加强义务教育阶段学校标准化建设,公共资源配置重点向农村和城市薄弱学校倾斜。
[温家宝]以流入地政府和公办学校为主,切实保障农民工随迁子女平等接受义务教育。支持民族地区教育发展,做好“双语”教学工作。
[温家宝]全面推进素质教育。加快教育改革,切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担,注重引导和培养孩子们独立思考、实践创新能力。保证中小学生每天一小时校园体育活动。
[温家宝]大力发展职业教育。引导高中阶段学校和高等学校办出特色,提高教育质量,增强学生就业创业能力。加强重点学科建设,加快建设一批世界一流大学。
[温家宝]支持特殊教育发展。落实和完善国家助学制度,无论哪个教育阶段,都要确保每个孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学。(掌声)
[温家宝]全面加强人才工作。以高层次和高技能人才为重点,加快培养造就一大批创新型科技人才和急需紧缺人才。
[温家宝]加大人才开发投入,推进重大人才工程。深化选人用人制度改革,努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境,激励优秀人才脱颖而出,创造人尽其才的良好局面。
[温家宝]大力推进科技创新。加快实施国家科技重大专项,突破一批核心关键技术,提升重大集成创新能力。加强基础研究、前沿技术研究,增强原始创新能力。
[温家宝]推动建立企业主导技术研发创新的体制机制。鼓励企业共同出资开展关键共性技术研发,共担风险、共享成果,对符合国家战略方向的项目,政府要从政策和资金上给予支持。
[温家宝]深化科技管理体制改革,促进科技资源优化配置、高效利用和开放共享。激励科研院所、高等学校和广大科技人员以多种形式与企业合作。
[温家宝]保持财政科技投入稳定增长,提高科研经费使用效率。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战略,提升知识产权的创造、应用、保护、管理能力,激发全社会创新活力。
[温家宝](六)加强社会建设和保障改善民生
[温家宝]经济越发展,越要重视加强社会建设和保障改善民生。
[温家宝]千方百计扩大就业。继续实施更加积极的就业政策。今年中央财政拟投入423亿元,用于扶助和促进就业。要适应我国劳动力结构特点,大力发展劳动密集型产业、服务业、小型微型企业和创新型科技企业,努力满足不同层次的就业需求。
[温家宝]继续把高校毕业生就业放在首位,做好重点人群就业工作。加强职业技能培训,鼓励自主创业。
[温家宝]加强公共就业服务,健全统一规范灵活的人力资源市场。加快就业信息网络建设,实现全国互联互通。加强劳动保障监察执法,完善劳动争议处理机制,依法维护劳动者权益,构建和谐劳动关系。
[温家宝]合理调整收入分配关系。这既是一项长期任务,也是当前的紧迫工作。今年重点采取三方面措施:一是着力提高城乡低收入群众的基本收入。
[温家宝]稳步提高职工最低工资、企业退休人员基本养老金和城乡居民最低生活保障标准。建立健全职工工资正常增长机制,严格执行最低工资制度。
[温家宝]二是加大收入分配调节力度。提高个人所得税工薪所得费用扣除标准,合理调整税率结构,切实减轻中低收入者税收负担。
[温家宝]有效调节过高收入,加强对收入过高行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控,严格规范国有企业、金融机构高管人员薪酬管理。
[温家宝]三是大力整顿和规范收入分配秩序。坚决取缔非法收入。加快建立收入分配监测系统。通过持续不断的努力,尽快扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势,努力使广大人民群众更多分享改革发展成果。(掌声)
[温家宝]加快健全覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。将新型农村社会养老保险试点范围扩大到全国40%的县。推进城镇居民养老保险试点,解决集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题,建立企业退休人员基本养老金正常调整机制。
[温家宝]积极推进机关和事业单位养老保险制度改革。将国有企业、集体企业“老工伤”人员纳入工伤保险制度。完善城乡低保制度。
[温家宝]继续多渠道增加社会保障基金。将孤儿养育、教育和残疾孤儿康复等纳入财政保障范围。继续推进残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系建设。
[温家宝]加快推进社会保障管理信息化。发挥商业保险在完善社会保障体系中的作用。大力发展慈善事业。
[温家宝]坚定不移地搞好房地产市场调控。加快健全房地产市场调控的长效机制,重点解决城镇中低收入家庭住房困难,切实稳定房地产市场价格,满足居民合理住房需求。
[温家宝]一是进一步扩大保障性住房建设规模。今年要再开工建设保障性住房、棚户区改造住房共1000万套,改造农村危房150万户。
[温家宝]重点发展公共租赁住房。中央财政预算拟安排补助资金1030亿元,比上年增加265亿元。各级政府要多渠道筹集资金,大幅度增加投入。
[温家宝]抓紧建立保障性住房使用、运营、退出等管理制度,提高透明度,加强社会监督,保证符合条件的家庭受益。
[温家宝]二是进一步落实和完善房地产市场调控政策,坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头。制定并向社会公布住房建设计划,在新增建设用地计划中,单列保障性住房用地,做到应保尽保。
[温家宝]重点增加中小套型普通商品住房建设。规范发展住房租赁市场。严格落实差别化住房信贷、税收政策,调整完善房地产相关税收政策,加强税收征管,有效遏制投机投资性购房。加强房地产市场监测和市场行为监管,严厉查处各类违法违规行为。
[温家宝]三是建立健全考核问责机制。稳定房价和住房保障工作实行省级人民政府负总责,市县人民政府负直接责任。有关部门要加快完善巡查、考评、约谈和问责制度,对稳定房价、推进保障性住房建设工作不力,从而影响社会发展和稳定的地方,要追究责任。(掌声)
[温家宝]推进医药卫生事业改革发展。今年是医改三年实施方案的攻坚年,要确保完成各项目标任务。
[温家宝]一是在基层全面实施国家基本药物制度。建立完善基本药物保障供应体系,加强药品监管,确保用药安全,切实降低药价。
[温家宝]二是抓好公立医院改革试点。鼓励各地在医院管理体制、医疗服务价格形成机制和监管机制等方面大胆探索。完善医疗纠纷调处机制,改善医患关系。
[温家宝]三是提高基本医疗保障水平。稳定提高城镇职工、居民医保参保率和新农合参合率。今年要把新农合和城镇居民医保财政补助标准提高到200元。
[温家宝]四是完成农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区卫生服务机构建设任务。今年全国人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准提高到25元。加强重大传染病、慢性病、职业病、地方病和精神疾病的预防控制和规范管理。
[温家宝]加强妇幼保健工作,继续推进适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查和救治保障试点。认真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力发展中医药和民族医药事业,落实各项扶持政策。
[温家宝]五是鼓励社会资本举办医疗机构。放宽社会资本和外资举办医疗机构的准入范围。完善和推进医生多点执业制度,鼓励医生在各类医疗机构之间合理流动和在基层开设诊所,为人民群众提供便捷的医疗卫生服务。
[温家宝]全面做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平。做好流动人口计划生育服务管理工作。加强出生缺陷干预,进一步扩大免费孕前优生健康检查试点,做好孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作。
[温家宝]农村妇女住院分娩率达到95%以上。实施新一轮妇女儿童发展纲要,切实保护妇女和未成年人权益。加快建立健全老年人社会服务体系,加强公益性养老服务设施建设。
[温家宝]加强和创新社会管理。强化政府社会管理职能,广泛动员和组织群众依法参与社会管理,发挥社会组织的积极作用,完善社会管理格局。
[温家宝]以城乡社区为载体,以居民需求为导向,整合人口、就业、社保、民政、卫生、文化等社会管理职能和服务资源,实现政府行政管理与基层群众自治有效衔接和良性互动。
[温家宝]加快建立健全维护群众权益机制、行政决策风险评估和纠错机制,加强信访、人民调解、行政调解工作,拓宽社情民意表达渠道,切实解决乱占耕地、违法拆迁等群众反映强烈的问题。
[温家宝]加强和完善公共安全体系。健全突发事件应急体制,提高全社会危机管理和抗风险能力。加强信息安全和保密工作,完善信息网络管理。
[温家宝]加强社会治安综合治理,严密防范、依法打击各类违法犯罪活动。落实企业安全生产和产品质量主体责任,坚决遏制重特大安全生产事故。
[温家宝]完善食品安全监管体制机制,健全法制,严格标准,完善监测评估、检验检测体系,强化地方政府监管责任,加强监管执法,全面提高食品安全保障水平。
[温家宝]各级政府一定要把社会管理和公共服务摆到更加重要的位置,切实解决人民群众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。
[温家宝](七)大力发展文化建设
[温家宝]文化对民族和国家的影响更深刻、更久远。要更好地满足人民群众多层次多样化文化需求,发挥文化引导社会、教育人民、推动发展的功能,增强民族凝聚力和创造力。
[温家宝]加强公民道德建设,在全社会树立中国特色社会主义的共同理想和信念,加快构建传承中华传统美德、符合社会主义精神文明要求、适应社会主义市场经济的道德和行为规范。
[温家宝]加强诚信体系建设,建立相关制度和法律法规。增强公共文化产品供给和服务能力,重点加强中西部地区和城乡基层的文化基础设施建设,继续实施文化惠民工程。
[温家宝]扶持公益性文化事业,加强文化遗产保护、利用和传承。进一步繁荣哲学社会科学。发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术、档案事业。
[温家宝]加强对互联网的利用和管理。深化文化体制改革,积极推进经营性文化单位转企改制。大力发展文化产业,培育新型文化业态,推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。
[温家宝]大力开展全民健身活动,促进群众体育和竞技体育协调发展。加强对外文化体育交流与合作,不断扩大中华文化国际影响力,让博大精深的中华文化再展辉煌。(掌声)
[温家宝](八)深入推进重点领域改革
[温家宝]继续推进国有经济战略性调整,健全国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。完善国有金融资产、非经营性资产和自然资源资产监管体制,加强境外国有资产监管。
[温家宝]继续鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。健全财力与事权相匹配的财税体制,清理和归并专项转移支付项目,增加一般性转移支付,健全县级基本财力保障机制。
[温家宝]在一些生产性服务业领域推行增值税改革试点,推进资源税改革。深化预算管理制度改革,全面编制政府性基金预算,扩大国有资本经营预算范围,试编社会保险基金预算。
[温家宝]继续深化金融企业改革,加快建立现代金融企业制度。加快培育农村新型金融机构。继续大力发展金融市场,鼓励金融创新。推进利率市场化改革。
[温家宝]扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。推进人民币资本项下可兑换工作。加强和改善金融监管,建立健全系统性金融风险防范预警体系和处置机制。
[温家宝]完善成品油、天然气价格形成机制和各类电价定价机制。推进水价改革。研究制定排污权有偿使用和交易试点的指导意见。价格改革要充分考虑人民群众特别是低收入群众的承受能力。
[温家宝]按照政事分开、事企分开、管办分开、营利性与非营利性分开的要求,积极稳妥地分类推进事业单位改革。
[温家宝](九)进一步提高对外开放水平
[温家宝]中国的发展离不开世界。要积极发展互利互惠的多双边经贸关系,不断拓展新的开放领域和空间。继续推动多哈回合谈判,反对各种形式的保护主义,促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正、合理、共赢的方向发展。
[温家宝]切实转变外贸发展方式。在大力优化结构和提高效益的基础上,保持对外贸易稳定增长。无论是一般贸易还是加工贸易出口,都要继续发挥劳动力资源优势,都要减少能源资源消耗,都要向产业链高端延伸,都要提高质量、档次和附加值。
[温家宝]积极扩大自主品牌产品出口。大力发展服务贸易和服务外包,不断提高服务贸易的比重。坚持进口和出口并重,扩大先进技术设备、关键零部件和能源原材料进口,促进从最不发达国家和主要顺差来源国增加进口,逐步改善贸易不平衡状况,妥善处理贸易摩擦。
[温家宝]推动对外投资和利用外资协调发展。加快实施“走出去”战略,完善相关支持政策,简化审批手续,为符合条件的企业和个人到境外投资提供便利。鼓励企业积极有序开展跨国经营。加强对外投资的宏观指导,健全投资促进和保护机制,防范投资风险。
[温家宝]坚持积极有效利用外资的方针,注重引进先进技术和人才、智力资源,鼓励跨国公司在华设立研发中心,切实提高利用外资的总体水平和综合效益。抓紧修订外商投资产业目录,鼓励外资投向高新技术、节能环保、现代服务业等领域和中西部地区。[温家宝](十)加强廉政建设和反腐败工作
[温家宝]建设廉洁的政府是一项持久而又紧迫的任务,是人民的殷切期望。要加快解决反腐倡廉建设中的突出问题,扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设,把查办大案要案作为反腐败的重要举措,同时更加注重制度建设。
[温家宝]一是认真治理政府工作人员以权谋私和渎职侵权问题。针对工程建设、土地使用权出让和矿产资源开发、国有产权交易、政府采购等重点领域存在的问题,加大查处违法违纪案件工作力度,坚决惩处腐败分子。(掌声)
[温家宝]二是切实加强廉洁自律,认真贯彻执行《廉政准则》,落实领导干部收入、房产、投资以及配偶子女从业、移居国(境)外等情况定期报告制度,自觉接受监督。
[温家宝]加强审计和监察工作。加大对行政机关领导干部和国有企业、事业单位负责人的监督力度。
[温家宝]三是坚决反对铺张浪费和形式主义。要精简会议、文件,清理和规范各种达标、评比、表彰以及论坛、庆典等活动,从经费上严加控制。
[温家宝]规范公务用车配备管理并积极推进公务用车制度改革。加快实行财政预算公开,让人民知道政府花了多少钱,办了什么事。各级政府都要努力为人民办事;每一个公务员都要真正成为人民的公仆。(掌声)
[温家宝]各位代表!巩固和发展各民族大团结,是国家长治久安、繁荣昌盛的根本保证,是各族人民的根本利益所在。
[温家宝]要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,全面落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施。制定实施扶持人口较少民族发展、推进兴边富民行动和发展少数民族事业五年规划。让我们团结奋进,共同谱写中华民族繁荣发展的历史新篇章!(掌声)
[温家宝]全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,深入落实《宗教事务条例》,发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济发展、社会和谐中的积极作用。
[温家宝]继续加强侨务工作,维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益,充分发挥他们在促进祖国统一和民族振兴中的独特作用。
[温家宝]各位代表!建立巩固的国防,建设强大的人民军队,是维护国家主权、安全、发展利益和全面建设小康社会的重要保障。(掌声)
[温家宝]要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局,着眼有效履行新世纪新阶段我军历史使命,全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设,不断提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务的能力。
[温家宝]坚持把思想政治建设摆在首位。积极开展信息化条件下的军事训练。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。推动军民融合式发展,加强国防科研和武器装备建设。
[温家宝]积极稳妥地推进国防和军队改革。坚持依法治军、从严治军。坚决完成抢险救灾等急难险重任务。
[温家宝]建设现代化武装警察力量,增强执勤、处置突发事件和反恐维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设,巩固和发展军政军民团结。
[温家宝]各位代表!我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针,全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区发展经济,改善民生。支持香港巩固和提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位。
[温家宝]支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心,促进经济适度多元发展。充分发挥香港、澳门在国家整体发展战略中的独特作用。
[温家宝]进一步提高内地与港澳合作的机制化水平,支持粤港澳深化区域合作,实现互利共赢。在中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中,祖国内地人民将与港澳同胞携手奋进,共享伟大祖国的尊严与荣耀!(掌声)
[温家宝]我们将坚持新形势下发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针和各项政策。继续推进两岸协商,积极落实两岸经济合作框架协议,加强产业合作,加快新兴产业、金融等现代服务业合作发展,支持有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。
[温家宝]支持海峡西岸经济区在推进两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。深入开展两岸社会各界交流,积极拓展两岸文化教育合作。
[温家宝]增进两岸政治互信,巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础,共同维护两岸关系和平发展的良好局面。我们坚信,只要海内外中华儿女继续共同努力奋斗,祖国和平统一大业一定能够实现!(掌声)
[温家宝]各位代表!新的一年,我们将继续高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜,坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,坚持走和平发展道路,坚持奉行互利共赢的开放战略,坚持推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界,为我国现代化建设创造更加有利的外部环境和条件。
[温家宝]我们要保持与主要大国关系健康稳定发展,积极推进对话合作,扩大共同利益和合作基础。坚持“与邻为善,以邻为伴”的周边外交方针,深化同周边国家的睦邻友好合作关系,推进区域次区域合作进程。
[温家宝]增进同广大发展中国家的传统友好合作关系,进一步落实和扩大合作成果,推进合作方式创新和机制建设。
[温家宝]积极开展多边外交,以二十国集团峰会等为主要平台,加强宏观经济政策协调,推动国际经济金融体系改革,促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长,在推动解决热点问题和全球性问题上发挥建设性作用,履行应尽的国际责任和义务。
[温家宝]中国政府和人民愿与国际社会一道,共同应对风险挑战,共同分享发展机遇,为人类和平与发展的崇高事业做出新贡献!(掌声)
[温家宝]各位代表!回顾过去,我们创造了不平凡的光辉业绩;展望未来,我们对国家的锦绣前程充满信心!(掌声)
[温家宝]让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下,紧紧抓住历史机遇,勇敢面对各种挑战,开拓进取,团结奋斗,扎实工作,努力实现“十二五”时期良好开局,把中国特色社会主义伟大事业继续推向前进!(掌声)
第三篇:全国人大会议开幕 温家宝作政府工作报告
全国人大会议开幕 温家宝作政府工作报告(全文)
2010年3月5日9时,十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议在京开幕。国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告。以下为实录:
【温家宝:】各位代表:现在,我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告,请予审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
一、2009年工作回顾
2009年是新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年。去年这个时候,国际金融危机还在扩散蔓延,世界经济深度衰退,我国经济受到严重冲击,出口大幅下降,不少企业经营困难,有的甚至停产倒闭,失业人员大量增加,农民工大批返乡,经济增速陡然下滑。在异常困难的情况下,全国各族人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下,坚定信心,迎难而上,顽强拼搏,从容应对国际金融危机冲击,在世界率先实现经济回升向好,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。(掌声)国内生产总值达到33.5万亿元,比上年增长8.7%;财政收入6.85万亿元,增长11.7%;粮食产量5.31亿吨,再创历史新高,实现连续6年增产;城镇新增就业1102万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入17175元,农村居民人均纯收入5153元,实际增长9.8%和8.5%。我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。实践再次证明,任何艰难险阻都挡不住中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。(掌声)过去的一年,极不平凡,令人振奋。我们隆重庆祝新中国成立60周年。抚今追昔,伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感,极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力,极大地提升了我国的国际地位和影响力,必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。(掌声)一年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税,保持货币信贷快速增长,提高货币政策的可持续性,扩大直接融资规模,满足经济社会发展的资金需求,有效扩大了内需,很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金450亿元,补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税,减免住房交易相关税收,支持自住性住房消费。
全年汽车销售1364万辆,增长46.2%;商品房销售9.37亿平方米,增长42.1%;社会消费品零售总额实际增长16.9%,消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增强。
促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨千斤”的作用,引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划。
2009年中央政府公共投资9243亿元,比上年预算增加5038亿元,其中,保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占44%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占16%,重大基础设施建设占23%,灾后恢复重建占14%。全社会固定资产投资增长30.1%,投资结构进一步优化。
投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口,加强了薄弱环节,为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。
我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建,重灾区已完成投资6545亿元,占规划总投资的65.5%。国家的大力支持,全国人民的无私援助,灾区群众的艰苦奋斗,使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。
一座座新城拔地而起,一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现了中华民族的无疆大爱,有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。(掌声)(二)大力调整经济结构,夯实长远发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来,加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。
“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农”的支出7253亿元,增长21.8%。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。
继续改善农村生产生活条件,农村饮水安全工程使6069万农民受益,新增510万沼气用户,新建和改造农村公路38万公里、农村电网线路26.6万公里,又有80万户农村危房得到改造,9.2万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度,贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。
产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造,安排200亿元技改专项资金支持4441个技改项目。重点行业兼并重组取得新进展。下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设,关停小火电机组2617万千瓦,淘汰落后的炼钢产能1691万吨、炼铁产能2113万吨、水泥产能7416万吨、焦炭产能1809万吨。加快实施国家科技重大专项,中央财政用于科技的支出1512亿元,增长30%。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用,清洁能源、第三代移动通信等一批新兴产业快速发展。大力加强基础设施建设,新建铁路投入运营5557公里,高速公路新建通车4719公里,城市轨道交通建设加快,新建、改扩建民用机场35个;新增发电装机8970万千瓦,西气东输二线西段工程实现供气,南水北调工程建设加快推进,6183座病险水库除险加固工程开工建设。节能减排和环境保护扎实推进。安排预算内资金,支持重点节能工程、循环经济等项目2983个;实施节能产品惠民工程,推广节能空调500多万台、高效照明灯具1.5亿只。继续推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林8827万亩,森林覆盖率达到20.36%。综合治理水土流失面积4.8万平方公里。加强“三河三湖”等重点流域水污染防治和工业废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降14.38%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66%和13.14%。
积极开展应对气候变化工作,明确提出2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强,灾害防御能力不断提升。
区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区域发展总体战略,制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发,积极承接产业转移,发展基础不断夯实;东部地区加快结构和自主创新,经济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。(三)坚持深化改革开放,不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作为应对国际金融危机的强大动力,努力消除体制障碍,不断提高对外开放水平。
重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,新的成品油价格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。
创业板正式推出,为自主创新及其他成长型创业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展,事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开,15亿亩林地确权到户,占全国集体林地面积的60%,这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。(掌声)开放型经济水平不断提高。出台一系列稳定外需的政策措施,采取符合国际惯例的方式支持出口企业,完成短期出口信用保险承保900亿美元,安排421亿美元大型成套设备出口融资保险。鼓励增加进口。
温家宝:今年发展环境可能好于去年但形势极复杂
去年下半年开始进出口降幅明显收窄,国际市场份额得到巩固,全年进出口总额2.2万亿美元。扭转利用外资下降局面,全年实际利用外商直接投资900亿美元。企业“走出去”逆势上扬,非金融类对外直接投资和对外工程承包营业额分别达433亿美元和777亿美元。积极参与国际宏观经济政策对话协调和经贸金融合作,在共同应对国际金融危机中发挥了建设性作用。
(四)着力改善民生,加快发展社会事业。在应对国际金融危机的困难情况下,我们更加注重保障和改善民生,切实解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。
实施更加积极的就业政策。强化政府促进就业的责任。中央财政安排就业专项资金426亿元,比上年增长59%。实施困难企业缓缴社会保险费或降低部分费率、再就业税收减免及提供相关补贴等政策,鼓励企业稳定和增加就业。
开展系列就业服务活动,多渠道开辟公益性就业岗位,促进高校毕业生到基层就业、应征入伍和到企事业单位就业见习。全年组织2100万城乡劳动者参加职业培训。这些措施促进了就业的基本稳定。
加快完善社会保障体系。普遍建立养老保险省级统筹制度,出台包括农民工在内的城镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法。在320个县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,推动我国社会保障制度建设迈出历史性步伐。
中央财政安排社会保障资金2906亿元,比上年增长16.6%。企业退休人员基本养老金连续5年增加,去年又人均提高10%。农村五保户供养水平、优抚对象抚恤补助标准、城乡低保对象保障水平都有新的提高。
中央财政安排保障性安居工程补助资金551亿元,比上年增长2倍。新建、改扩建各类保障性住房200万套,棚户区改造解决住房130万套。全国社会保障基金积累6927亿元,比上年增长44.2%。社会保障体系得到加强。
进一步促进教育公平。大幅度增加全国教育支出,其中中央财政支出1981亿元,比上年增长23.6%。全面落实城乡义务教育政策,中央下达农村义务教育经费666亿元,提前一年实现农村中小学生人均公用经费500元和300元的目标。实行义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度。中等职业学校农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业学生免学费政策开始实施。国家助学制度不断完善,资助学生2871万人,基本保障了困难家庭的孩子不因贫困而失学。
稳步推进医药卫生事业改革发展。组织实施医药卫生体制改革。中央财政医疗卫生支出1277亿元,比上年增长49.5%。城镇职工和城镇居民基本医疗保险参保4.01亿人,新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖8.3亿人。
中央财政安排429亿元,解决关闭破产国有企业退休人员医疗保险问题。基本药物制度在30%的基层医疗卫生机构实施。中央财政支持建设了一批县级医院、乡镇中心卫生院和社区卫生服务中心。
启动实施扩大乙肝疫苗接种等重大公共卫生服务专项。加强食品、药品安全专项整治。面对突如其来的甲型HlN1流感疫情,我们依法科学有序地开展防控工作,有效保障了人民群众生命安全,维护了社会正常秩序。
在国际金融危机严重冲击、世界经济负增长的背景下,我国取得这样的成绩极为不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果,是全党全军全国各族人民和衷共济、团结奋斗的结果。在这里,我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚的感谢!(掌声)向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚的感谢!(掌声)向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚的感谢!(掌声)一年来,我们认真贯彻落实科学发展观,积极应对国际金融危机,全面做好政府工作,有以下几点体会:
必须坚持运用市场机制和宏观调控两种手段,在坚持市场经济改革方向、发挥市场配置资源基础性作用、激发市场活力的同时,充分发挥我国社会主义制度决策高效、组织有力、集中力量办大事的优势。
必须坚持处理好短期和长期两方面关系,注重远近结合、标本兼治,既克服短期困难、解决突出矛盾,又加强重点领域和薄弱环节、为长远发展奠定基础。
必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局,把扩大内需作为长期战略方针,坚定不移地实行互利共赢的开放战略,加快形成内需外需协调拉动经济增长的格局。
必须坚持发展经济与改善民生、维护社会公平正义的内在统一,围绕改善民生谋发展,把改善民生作为经济发展的出发点、落脚点和持久动力,着眼维护公平正义,让全体人民共享改革发展成果,促进社会和谐稳定。
必须坚持发挥中央和地方两个积极性,既强调统一思想、顾全大局,又鼓励因地制宜、探索创新,形成共克时艰的强大合力。
这些经验对我们坚持中国特色社会主义道路,提高驾驭社会主义市场经济能力,推进现代化进程,具有重要而深远的意义。(掌声)
二、2010年主要任务
今年是继续应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展、加快转变经济发展方式的关键一年,是全面实现“十一五”规划目标、为“十二五”发展打好基础的重要一年。今年发展环境虽然有可能好于去年,但是面临的形势极为复杂。各种积极变化和不利影响此长彼消,短期问题和长期矛盾相互交织,国内因素和国际因素相互影响,经济社会发展中“两难”问题增多。
从国际看,世界经济有望恢复性增长,国际金融市场渐趋稳定,经济全球化深入发展的大趋势没有改变,世界经济格局大变革、大调整孕育着新的发展机遇。
同时,世界经济复苏的基础仍然脆弱,金融领域风险没有完全消除,各国刺激政策退出抉择艰难,国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率可能加剧波动,贸易保护主义明显抬头,加上气候变化、粮食安全、能源资源等全球性问题错综复杂,外部环境不稳定、不确定因素依然很多。
从国内看,我国仍处在重要战略机遇期。经济回升向好的基础进一步巩固,市场信心增强,扩大内需和改善民生的政策效应继续显现,企业适应市场变化的能力和竞争力不断提高。但是,经济社会发展中仍然存在一些突出矛盾和问题。经济增长内生动力不足,自主创新能力不强,部分行业产能过剩矛盾突出,结构调整难度加大;就业压力总体上持续增加和结构性用工短缺的矛盾并存;农业稳定发展和农民持续增收的基础不稳固;财政金融领域潜在风险增加;医疗、教育、住房、收入分配、社会管理等方面的突出问题亟待解决。我们必须全面、正确判断形势,决不能把经济回升向好的趋势等同于经济运行根本好转。要增强忧患意识,充分利用有利条件和积极因素,努力化解矛盾,更加周密地做好应对各种风险和挑战的准备,牢牢把握工作的主动权。
做好今年的政府工作,要认真贯彻党的十七大和十七届三中、四中全会精神,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,着力搞好宏观调控和保持经济平稳较快发展,着力加快经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,着力推进改革开放和自主创新,着力改善民生和促进社会和谐稳定,全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设,加快全面建设小康社会进程,努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。
今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是:
温家宝:继续实施积极财政政策适度宽松货币政策
国内生产总值增长8%左右;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;居民消费价格涨幅3%左右;国际收支状况改善。
这里要着重说明,提出国内生产总值增长8%左右,主要是强调好字当头,引导各方面把工作重点放到转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构上来。
提出居民消费价格涨幅3%左右,综合考虑了去年价格变动的翘尾因素、国际大宗商品价格的传导效应、国内货币信贷增长的滞后影响以及居民的承受能力,并为资源环境税费和资源性产品价格改革留有一定空间。
今年要重点抓好八个方面工作:
(一)提高宏观调控水平,保持经济平稳较快发展
要继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,保持政策的连续性和稳定性,根据新形势新情况不断提高政策的针对性和灵活性,把握好政策实施的力度、节奏和重点。
处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理好通胀预期的关系。既要保持足够的政策力度、巩固经济回升向好的势头,又要加快经济结构调整、推动经济发展方式转变取得实质性进展,还要管理好通胀预期、稳定物价总水平。
继续实施积极的财政政策。一是保持适度的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字10500亿元,其中中央财政赤字8500亿元,继续代发地方债2000亿元并纳入地方财政预算。这样的安排主要是考虑到今年财政收支矛盾仍然十分突出。从财政收入看,上一年一次性特殊增收措施没有或减少了,还要继续实施结构性减税政策,财政收入增长不会太快;从财政支出看,继续实施应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划,完成在建项目、加强薄弱环节、推进改革、改善民生、维护稳定等都需要增加投入。
二是继续实施结构性减税政策,促进扩大内需和经济结构调整。
三是优化财政支出结构,有保有压,把钱花在刀刃上。继续向“三农”、民生、社会事业等领域倾斜,支持节能环保、自主创新和欠发达地区的建设。
严格控制一般性支出,大力压缩公用经费。
四是切实加强政府性债务管理,增强内外部约束力,有效防范和化解潜在财政风险。同时,要依法加强税收征管和非税收入管理,严厉打击偷骗税行为,做到应收尽收。继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。一是保持货币信贷合理充裕。今年广义货币M2增长目标为17%左右,新增人民币贷款7.5万亿元左右。这两个指标虽然都低于去年实际执行结果,但仍然是一个适度宽松的政策目标,能够满足经济社会发展的合理资金需求。同时也有利于管理好通胀预期、提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。
二是优化信贷结构。落实有保有控的信贷政策,加强对重点领域和薄弱环节的支持,有效缓解农户和小企业融资难问题,严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业的贷款。强化贷后管理,确保信贷资金支持实体经济。
三是积极扩大直接融资。完善多层次资本市场体系,扩大股权和债券融资规模,更好地满足多样化投融资需求。四是加强风险管理,提高金融监管有效性。探索建立宏观审慎管理制度,强化对跨境资本流动的有效监控,防范各类金融风险。继续完善人民币汇率形成机制,保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。
四是加强风险管理,提高金融监管有效性。探索建立宏观审慎管理制度,强化对跨境资本流动的有效监控,防范各类金融风险。继续完善人民币汇率形成机制,保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。
积极扩大居民消费需求。继续提高农民收入、企业退休人员基本养老金、部分优抚对象待遇和城乡居民最低生活保障水平,增强居民特别是中低收入者消费能力。
巩固扩大传统消费,积极培育信息、旅游、文化、健身、培训、养老、家庭服务等消费热点,促进消费结构优化升级。扩大消费信贷。加强商贸流通体系等基础设施建设,积极发展电子商务。整顿和规范市场秩序,努力营造便利、安全、放心的消费环境。继续实施和完善鼓励消费的各项政策措施。
大幅提高家电下乡产品最高限价,增加品种和型号,扩大补贴范围,完善补贴标准和办法,加强对中标企业的管理和考核,提高产品质量和服务水平;完善家电、汽车以旧换新和汽车、摩托车下乡政策,小排量汽车购置税按7.5%征收。我们一定要落实好这些政策措施,把好事办好,真正让广大群众得到实惠。(掌声)着力优化投资结构。各级政府投资都要集中力量保重点,严格控制新开工项目,资金安排主要用于项目续建和收尾,切实防止出现“半拉子”工程。扎实推进地震灾区恢复重建,保质保量完成任务。鼓励扩大民间投资,完善和落实促进民间投资的相关政策。
加强和改进投资管理,严格执行用地、节能、环保、安全等市场准入标准和产业政策,切实防止重复建设。对有财政资金投入的建设项目,要加强全程监督,坚决避免以扩大内需为名,搞劳民伤财的形象工程和政绩工程。坚持科学民主决策,确保公共投资真正用于推进经济社会发展和改善人民生活,经得起实践和历史的检验。
(二)加快转变经济发展方式,调整优化经济结构
转变经济发展方式刻不容缓。要大力推动经济进入创新驱动、内生增长的发展轨道。继续推进重点产业调整振兴。一是加大技术改造力度。用好技改专项资金,引导企业开发新产品和节能降耗。二是促进企业兼并重组。打破行业垄断和地区封锁,推动优势企业兼并困难企业,加快淘汰落后产能。三是全面提升产品质量。引导企业以品牌、标准、服务和效益为重点,健全质量管理体系,强化社会责任。切实加强市场监管和诚信体系建设,努力把我国产品质量提高到新水平。
大力培育战略性新兴产业。国际金融危机正在催生新的科技革命和产业革命。发展战略性新兴产业,抢占经济科技制高点,决定国家的未来,必须抓住机遇,明确重点,有所作为。要大力发展新能源、新材料、节能环保、生物医药、信息网络和高端制造产业。积极推进新能源汽车、“三网”融合取得实质性进展,加快物联网的研发应用。加大对战略性新兴产业的投入和政策支持。
进一步促进中小企业发展。一是建立和完善中小企业服务体系。抓紧修订中小企业划分标准,加快中小企业公共服务平台、信息服务网络和小企业创业基地建设,进一步减少、简化行政审批,坚决清理和取消不合理收费。二是继续落实财政对中小企业支持政策。中央财政扶持中小企业发展专项资金安排106亿元。对部分小型微利企业实行所得税优惠政策。中央财政预算内技术改造专项投资要覆盖中小企业,地方政府也要加大投入。
三是加强对中小企业的金融支持。完善小企业信贷考核体系。鼓励建立小企业贷款风险补偿基金。中小企业贷款税前全额拨备损失准备金。发展多层次中小企业信用担保体系,落实好对符合条件的中小企业信用担保机构免征营业税、准备金提取和代偿损失在税前扣除的政策。拓宽中小企业融资渠道,切实解决中小企业特别是小企业融资难问题。
加快发展服务业。进一步提高服务业发展水平和在国民经济中的比重。大力发展金融、物流、信息、研发、工业设计、商务、节能环保服务等面向生产的服务业,促进服务业与现代制造业有机融合。大力发展市政公用事业、房地产和物业服务、社区服务等面向民生的服务业,加快发展旅游业,积极拓展新型服务领域。
农村服务业基础薄弱、发展潜力大,要加快构建和完善以生产销售、科技信息和金融服务为主体的农村生产生活服务体系。加快建立公开平等规范的服务业准入制度,鼓励社会资本进入。进一步完善促进服务业发展的政策,逐步实现国家鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。
温家宝:推进户籍制度改革放宽中小城市落户条件
打好节能减排攻坚战和持久战。一要以工业、交通、建筑为重点,大力推进节能,提高能源效率。扎实推进十大重点节能工程、千家企业节能行动和节能产品惠民工程,形成全社会节能的良好风尚。今年要新增8000万吨标准煤的节能能力。所有新建、改建、扩建燃煤机组必须同步建成并运行烟气脱硫设施。
二要加强环境保护。积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治等工作。新增城镇污水日处理能力1500万立方米、垃圾日处理能力6万吨。
三要积极发展循环经济和节能环保产业。支持循环经济技术研发、示范推广和能力建设。抓好节能、节水、节地、节材工作。推进矿产资源综合利用、工业废物回收利用、余热余压发电和生活垃圾资源化利用。
四要积极应对气候变化。大力开发低碳技术,推广高效节能技术,积极发展新能源和可再生能源,加强智能电网建设。加快国土绿化进程,增加森林碳汇,新增造林面积不低于8880万亩。要努力建设以低碳排放为特征的产业体系和消费模式,积极参与应对气候变化国际合作,推动全球应对气候变化取得新进展。
推进区域经济协调发展。继续深入推进西部大开发,全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地,大力促进中部地区崛起,积极支持东部地区率先发展。
认真落实促进区域经济社会发展的各项规划和政策。加快推进主体功能区建设。重点抓好西藏和四省藏区、新疆经济社会发展政策的制定和实施工作。
加强对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的支持。实施区域发展总体战略,重在发挥各地比较优势,有针对性地解决各地发展中的突出矛盾和问题;重在扭转区域经济社会发展差距扩大的趋势,增强发展的协调性;重在加快完善公共财政体系,促进基本公共服务均等化。
(三)加大统筹城乡发展力度,强化农业农村发展基础
在连续6年增产增收之后,更要毫不松懈地抓好“三农”工作。要按照统筹城乡发展的要求,坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重,进一步强化强农惠农政策,协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业农村现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。稳定粮食生产,扩大油料种植面积,增加重要紧缺农产品供应,大规模开展粮棉油糖高产创建,大规模开展园艺产品生产和畜牧水产养殖标准化创建,保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全。
继续实施对种粮农民直接补贴,增加农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴,中央财政拟安排补贴资金1335亿元,比上年增加60.4亿元。进一步提高粮食最低收购价,早籼稻、中晚籼稻、粳稻每斤分别提高3分、5分和1毛钱,小麦每斤提高3分钱,继续实施重要农产品临时收储政策,让农民得到更多实惠。
加强对产粮大县、养猪大县、养牛大县的财政扶持。大力发展农产品加工业,推进农业产业化经营,支持批发市场和农贸市场升级改造,推动生产与市场对接。促进农民就业创业,多渠道增加农民收入。进一步加大扶贫开发力度。我们要坚持不懈地消除贫困落后,让农民群众早日过上富裕安康的生活。
加强农业基础设施建设。坚持财政支出优先支持农业农村发展,预算内固定资产投资优先投向农业基础设施和农村民生工程,土地出让收益优先用于农业土地开发和农村基础设施建设。中央财政拟安排“三农”投入8183亿元,比上年增加930亿元,地方各级财政也要增加投入。以主产区为重点,全面实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。以农田水利为重点,加强农业基础设施建设,加快大中型灌区的配套改造,扩大节水灌溉面积,建设高标准农田,完成大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。以良种培育为重点,加快农业科技创新和推广,实施好转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项。积极推进现代农业示范区建设。加快建设乡镇和区域性农机推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。深化农村改革。毫不动摇地坚持农村基本经营制度,加快完善有关法律法规和政策,现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变。加强土地承包经营权流转的管理和服务,在依法自愿有偿流转基础上发展多种形式规模经营。继续推进农村综合改革。完善集体林权制度改革配套政策。启动国有林场改革。继续推进草原基本经营制度改革。发展农民专业合作社,提高农业组织化程度。加快培育小型农村金融机构,积极推广农村小额信用贷款,切实改善农村金融服务。深入推进乡镇机构改革。
统筹推进城镇化和新农村建设。坚持走中国特色城镇化道路,促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展,着力提高城镇综合承载能力,发挥城市对农村的辐射带动作用,促进城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。壮大县域经济,大力加强县城和中心镇基础设施和环境建设,引导非农产业和农村人口有序向小城镇集聚,鼓励返乡农民工就地创业。
城乡建设都要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度,切实保护农民合法权益。推进户籍制度改革,放宽中小城市和小城镇落户条件。有计划有步骤地解决好农民工在城镇的就业和生活问题,逐步实现农民工在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租购以及社会保障方面与城镇居民享有同等待遇。
进一步增加农村生产生活设施建设投入,启动新一轮农村电网改造,扩大农村沼气建设规模,今年再解决6000万农村人口的安全饮水问题,实施农村清洁工程,改善农村生产生活条件。我们要让符合条件的农业转移人口逐步变为城镇居民,也要让农民有一个幸福生活的美好家园。
(四)全面实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
教育、科技和人才,是国家强盛、民族振兴的基石,也是综合国力的核心。
优先发展教育事业。强国必先强教。只有一流的教育,才能培养一流人才,建设一流国家。要抓紧启动实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。着重抓好五个方面:
一是推进教育改革。要解放思想,大胆突破,勇于创新,鼓励试验,对办学体制、教学内容、教育方法、评价制度等进行系统改革。坚持育人为本,大力推进素质教育。探索适应不同类型教育和人才成长的学校管理体制和办学模式,提高办学和人才培养水平。鼓励社会力量兴办教育,满足群众多样化的教育需求。
二是促进义务教育均衡发展。在合理布局的基础上,加快推进中西部地区初中校舍改造和全国中小学校舍安全工程,尽快使所有学校的校舍、设备和师资达到规定标准。为农村中小学班级配备多媒体远程教学设备,让广大农村和偏远地区的孩子共享优质教育资源。加强学前教育和特殊教育学校建设。加大对少数民族和民族地区教育的支持。
三是继续加强职业教育。以就业为目标,整合教育资源,改进教学方式,着力培养学生的就业创业能力。
四是推进高等学校管理体制和招生制度改革。进一步落实高等学校办学自主权,鼓励高等学校适应就业和经济社会发展需要,调整专业和课程设置,推动高等学校人才培养、科技创新和学术发展紧密结合,激励教师专注于教育,努力建设有特色、高水平大学。创建若干一流大学,培养杰出人才。中央财政要加大对中西部高等教育发展的支持。
五是加强教师队伍建设。从多方面采取措施,吸引优秀人才投身教育事业,鼓励他们终身从教。重点加强农村义务教育学校教师和校长培训,鼓励优秀教师到农村贫困地区从教。加强师德教育,增强教师的责任感和使命感。教育寄托着亿万家庭对美好生活的期盼,关系着民族素质和国家未来。不普及和提高教育,国家不可能强盛。这个道理我们要永远铭记。
温家宝:改革收入分配制度扭转收入差距扩大趋势
大力发展科学技术。要认真贯彻自主创新的方针,全面推进创新型国家建设,加快实施科技重大专项。着力突破带动技术革命、促进产业振兴的关键科技问题,突破提高健康水平、保障改善民生的重大公益性科技问题,突破增强国际竞争力、维护国家安全的战略高技术问题。
前瞻部署生物、纳米、量子调控、信息网络、气候变化、空天海洋等领域基础研究和前沿技术研究。深化科技体制改革,着力解决科技与经济脱节的问题,推动以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设,促进科技资源优化配置、开放共享和高效利用。
要大力实施知识产权战略,加强知识产权创造、应用和保护。进一步激发广大科技工作者和全社会的创新活力。
加快人才资源开发。人才是第一资源。要统筹推进各类人才队伍建设,突出培养创新型科技人才、经济社会发展重点领域专门人才和高技能人才,积极引进海外高层次人才。建立健全政府、社会、用人单位和个人等多元化的人才培养投入机制,充分发挥市场配置人才资源的基础性作用,努力营造人才辈出、人尽其才的制度环境,建设人力资源强国。
(五)大力加强文化建设
国家发展、民族振兴,不仅需要强大的经济力量,更需要强大的文化力量。文化是一个民族的精神和灵魂,是一个民族真正有力量的决定性因素,可以深刻影响一个国家发展的进程,改变一个民族的命运。没有先进文化的发展,没有全民族文明素质的提高,就不可能真正实现现代化。解放思想、改革开放的时代精神,已经成为推动社会前进的先进文化力量,使中华民族充满生机与活力。
一年来,我们大力发展公益性文化事业,加快推进文化体制改革,加强公共文化服务体系建设,促进文化产业快速成长,繁荣文化市场,有效扩大了内需。新的一年,我们要更加重视和大力加强文化建设。继承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化,吸收和借鉴世界各国文明成果,建设中华民族共有精神家园。
政府要更好地履行发展公益性文化事业的责任,保障人民群众的基本需求和权益。文化基础设施建设和公共文化资源配置要向基层、特别是农村和中西部地区倾斜,推进美术馆、图书馆、文化馆、博物馆免费开放,丰富人民群众的精神文化生活。
要继续推进文化体制改革,扶持公益性文化事业,发展文化产业,鼓励文化创新,培育骨干文化企业,生产更多健康向上的文化产品,满足人民群众多样化的文化需求。
促进哲学社会科学、广播影视、新闻出版、档案事业发展,繁荣文学艺术创作,加强文物保护。积极开展对外文化交流,增强中华文化国际影响力。大力发展公共体育事业,广泛开展全民健身运动,提高人民的身体素质。中华民族不仅能够创造经济奇迹,也一定能够创造新的文化辉煌。
(六)着力保障和改善民生,促进社会和谐进步
改善民生是经济发展的根本目的。只有着力保障和改善民生,经济发展才有持久的动力,社会进步才有牢固的基础,国家才能长治久安。
千方百计扩大就业。这是保障和改善民生的头等大事。今年就业形势依然严峻,工作上不能有丝毫松懈。要继续实施积极的就业政策。中央财政拟投入433亿元用于促进就业。重点做好高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员就业和退伍转业军人就业安置工作。2009年到期的“五缓四减三补贴”就业扶持政策延长一年。
加强政策支持和就业指导,鼓励高校毕业生到城乡基层、中西部地区和中小企业就业;拓宽就业、择业、创业渠道,鼓励自主创业、自谋职业等多种形式的灵活就业,以创业带动就业。建立健全公共投资带动就业的机制。继续加强职业技能培训,重点提高农民工和城乡新增劳动力的就业能力。
完善就业服务体系,健全劳动力输出输入地区协调协作机制,引导劳动力特别是农民工有序流动。加快建立统一规范的人力资源市场。维护劳动者合法权益,构建和谐的劳动关系。我们要通过持之以恒的努力,创造更多的就业机会,让广大劳动者各尽所能、各得其所。加快完善覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。扎实推进新型农村社会养老保险试点,试点范围扩大到23%的县。加快解决未参保集体企业退休人员基本养老保障等遗留问题。将全国130万“老工伤”人员全部纳入工伤保险范围。积极推进农民工参加社会保险。加强城乡低保工作,切实做到动态管理、应保尽保。
加强残疾人社会保障和服务体系建设,进一步落实好扶残助残的各项政策,为他们平等参与社会生活创造更好的环境。
企业退休人员基本养老金今年再提高10%。各级政府要进一步增加社会保障投入,中央财政拟安排3185亿元。要多渠道增加全国社会保障基金,加强监管,实现保值增值。我们要加快构建更加完善的社会保障安全网,使人民生活有基本保障、无后顾之忧。改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社会公平正义的重要体现。我们不仅要通过发展经济,把社会财富这个“蛋糕”做大,也要通过合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,兼顾效率与公平,走共同富裕的道路。
一要抓紧制定调整国民收入分配格局的政策措施,逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。加大财政、税收在收入初次分配和再分配中的调节作用。创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。
二要深化垄断行业收入分配制度改革。完善对垄断行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控政策。严格规范国有企业、金融机构经营管理人员特别是高管的收入,完善监管办法。三要进一步规范收入分配秩序。坚决打击取缔非法收入,规范灰色收入,逐步形成公开透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序,坚决扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。要坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头,满足人民群众的基本住房需求。一是继续大规模实施保障性安居工程。中央财政拟安排保障性住房专项补助资金632亿元,比上年增加81亿元。
建设保障性住房300万套,各类棚户区改造住房280万套。扩大农村危房改造试点范围。各级政府要切实负起责任,严格执行建设计划,确保土地、资金和优惠政策落实到位。二是继续支持居民自住性住房消费。增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品房用地供应,加快普通商品房项目审批和建设进度。规范发展二手房市场,倡导住房租赁消费。盘活住房租赁市场。
三是抑制投机性购房。加大差别化信贷、税收政策执行力度。完善商品房预售制度。四是大力整顿和规范房地产市场秩序。完善土地收入管理使用办法,抑制土地价格过快上涨。加大对圈地不建、捂盘惜售、哄抬房价等违法违规行为的查处力度。
加快推进医药卫生事业改革发展。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革,全面落实五项重点工作。继续扩大基本医疗保障覆盖面。
今年要把城镇居民基本医保和新农合的财政补助标准提高到120元,比上年增长50%,并适当提高个人缴费标准。开展农村儿童白血病、先天性心脏病医疗保障试点,尽力为这些不幸的儿童和家庭提供更多帮助。
温家宝:继续推进国有经济布局和结构战略性调整
在60%政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构实施基本药物制度,其他医疗机构也要优先选用基本药物。推进基本药物集中采购和统一配送。基本完成城乡基层医疗卫生机构建设规划,大规模开展适宜人才培养和培训。
进一步完善支持村卫生室建设和乡村医生发展的政策措施。完善基层医疗卫生机构补偿机制,落实岗位绩效工资。开展社区首诊试点,推动形成基层医疗卫生机构和医院功能区分合理、协作配合、互相转诊的服务体系。
切实加强甲型H1N1流感等重大传染病防控和慢性病、职业病、地方病防治,提高突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力。
开展公立医院改革试点,坚持基本医疗的公益性方向,创新体制机制,充分调动医务人员积极性,提高服务质量,控制医疗费用,改善医患关系。
大力支持社会资本兴办医疗卫生机构,在服务准入、医保定点等方面一视同仁。扶持和促进中医药、民族医药事业发展。
医药卫生事业改革发展关系人民身体健康和家庭幸福,我们要克服一切困难,把这个世界性难题解决好。(掌声)做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平。做好流动人口计划生育服务工作。落实好农村妇女妇科疾病定期检查和住院分娩补助政策。
加强出生缺陷干预,开展免费孕前优生健康检查试点,做好孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作。继续实施农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和西部地区少生快富工程。
切实保护好妇女和未成年人权益。加强应对人口老龄化战略研究,加快建立健全养老社会服务体系,让老年人安享晚年生活。
(七)坚定不移推进改革,进一步扩大开放
今年要继续深化重点领域和关键环节改革,努力实现新的突破。
我们要继续推进国有经济布局和结构战略性调整。加快大型国有企业特别是中央企业母公司的公司制改革,实现产权多元化,完善法人治理结构。加快推进垄断性行业改革,推进公用事业改革,切实放宽市场准入,积极引入竞争机制。着力营造多种所有制经济公平竞争的市场环境,更好地促进非公有制经济发展。
深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,作为节约能源资源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的重要举措。
要扩大用电大户与发电企业直接交易试点,推行居民用电用水阶梯价格制度,健全可再生能源发电定价和费用分摊机制。
完善农业用水价格政策。改革污水处理、垃圾处理收费制度。扩大排污权交易试点。在推进这些改革中要注意协调好各方面利益关系,决不能让低收入群众的基本生活受到影响。要继续推进财税体制改革。健全公共财政体系。完善财政转移支付制度,加大一般性转移支付,增强地方政府提供基本公共服务的能力。
健全省以下财政管理体制,完善县级基本财力保障机制,推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。全面编制中央和地方政府性基金预算,试编社会保险基金预算,完善国有资本经营预算制度。
继续做好增值税转型工作。推进资源税改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加制度。
健全金融体系是应对国际金融危机冲击的重要举措。要继续完善国有控股金融机构公司治理,改善经营管理机制,提高风险管控能力。
继续推动政策性金融机构改革。稳步推进资产管理公司转型。深化农村信用社改革。推动中小金融机构规范发展。
大力发展金融市场,鼓励金融创新。推进跨境贸易人民币结算试点,逐步发展境外人民币金融业务。推进存款保险制度建设。加快发展农业保险。
要按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离的要求,在科学分类的基础上,积极稳妥推进事业单位改革。
我们的改革是全面的改革,包括经济体制改革、政治体制改革以及其他各领域的改革。没有政治体制改革,经济体制改革和现代化建设就不可能成功。
要发展社会主义民主,切实保障人民当家作主的民主权利,特别是选举权、知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。
进一步扩大基层民主,健全基层自治组织和民主管理制度,让广大群众更好地参与管理基层公共事务。
要坚持依法治国、依法行政。进一步健全法制,特别要重视那些规范和监督权力运行的法律制度建设。创新政府立法工作的方法和机制,扩大立法工作的公众参与。我们要全面适应国际形势变化和国内发展要求,拓展对外开放的广度和深度。稳定发展对外贸易。今年的主要着力点是拓市场、调结构、促平衡。坚持实施市场多元化战略和以质取胜战略,落实和完善出口退税、出口信贷、出口信用保险等各项政策措施,继续改善海关、质检、外汇等方面的服务。巩固传统市场,大力开拓新兴市场。
优化出口产品结构,稳定劳动密集型产品出口,扩大机电产品和高新技术产品出口,大力发展服务贸易和服务外包,努力培育出口品牌和营销网络,继续严格控制“两高一资”产品出口。
积极推进加工贸易转型升级。促进进出口平衡发展,重点扩大先进技术装备、关键零部件和国内紧缺物资进口,稳定各项进口促进政策和便利化措施,敦促发达国家放宽高新技术产品出口限制。
推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。优化利用外资结构,鼓励外资投向高端制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业、新能源和节能环保产业,鼓励跨国公司在华设立地区总部等各类功能性机构,鼓励中外企业加强研发合作。
鼓励外资参与国内企业改组改造和兼并重组,加快建立外资并购安全审查制度。促进“引资”与“引智”相结合。引导外资向中西部地区转移和增加投资。
加快实施“走出去”战略,鼓励符合国外市场需求的行业有序向境外转移产能,支持有条件的企业开展海外并购,深化境外资源互利合作,提高对外承包工程和劳务合作的质量。进一步简化各类审批手续,落实企业境外投资自主权。“走出去”的企业要依法经营,规避风险,防止恶性竞争,维护国家整体利益和良好形象。
深化多边双边经贸合作。加强和改善与发达国家的经贸关系,深化与发展中国家的互利合作,认真落实中非务实合作八项新举措。发挥经济高层对话和双边经贸联委会作用。加快自由贸易区建设步伐。积极参与多哈回合谈判,推动早日达成更加合理、平衡的谈判结果。反对各种形式的保护主义,妥善处理贸易摩擦。
上海世博会即将拉开帷幕。要加强与各参展国家、地区和国际组织的合作,把上海世博会办成一届成功、精彩、难忘的盛会,办成一届促进人类文明进步,促进科技创新,促进我国与世界各国交流合作、共同发展的盛会。(掌声)(八)努力建设人民满意的服务型政府
一年来,政府自身改革和建设取得新进展。为应对各种困难,我们特别注意发扬民主、倾听基层群众意见,重视维护群众利益。
广大公务员兢兢业业、勤勉尽责,为保增长、保民生、保稳定作出了积极贡献。但是政府工作与人民的期望还有较大差距。
温家宝:反腐倡廉建设直接关系政权巩固
职能转变不到位,对微观经济干预过多,社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱;一些工作人员依法行政意识不强;一些领导干部脱离群众、脱离实际,形式主义、官僚主义严重;一些领域腐败现象易发多发。
我们要以转变职能为核心,深化行政管理体制改革,大力推进服务型政府建设,努力为各类市场主体创造公平的发展环境,为人民群众提供良好的公共服务,维护社会公平正义。我们要全面正确履行政府职能,更加重视公共服务和社会管理。加快健全覆盖全民的公共服务体系,全面增强基本公共服务能力。
健全重大自然灾害、突发公共安全事件应急处理机制。加强防灾减灾能力建设。加强食品药品质量监管,做好安全生产工作,遏制重特大事故发生。
要适应新形势,推进社会管理体制改革和创新,合理调节社会利益关系。认真解决企业改制、征地拆迁、环境保护、劳动争议、涉法涉诉等领域损害群众利益的突出问题,保障人民群众的合法权益。加强和改进信访工作。
改善流动人口管理和服务。加强社会治安综合治理,着力解决突出治安问题,防范和依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动,维护国家安全和社会稳定。
要努力提高执行力和公信力。坚持决策的科学化、民主化,使各项政策更加符合实际、经得起检验。加强对政策执行情况的检查监督,做到令行禁止。
强化行政问责,对失职渎职、不作为和乱作为的,要严肃追究责任。各地区、各部门对中央的决策部署要执行有力,绝不允许各自为政。各级行政机关及其公务员要自觉遵守宪法和法律,严格依法行政。
切实改进行政执法工作,努力做到规范执法、公正执法、文明执法。加快建立健全决策、执行、监督相互制约又相互协调的行政运行机制。
要把反腐倡廉建设摆在重要位置,这直接关系政权的巩固。各级领导干部特别是高级干部要坚决执行中央关于报告个人经济和财产,包括收入、住房、投资,以及配偶子女从业等重大事项的规定,并自觉接受纪检部门的监督。
要把查处违法违纪大案要案,作为反腐败的重要任务。充分发挥监察、审计部门的作用,加强对行政权力运行的监督。要建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系的各项制度,特别要健全公共资源配置、公共资产交易、公共产品生产等领域的管理制度,增强制度约束力。
要坚持勤俭行政,反对铺张浪费,不断降低行政成本。严格控制楼堂馆所建设,禁止高档装修办公楼,加快公务接待、公车使用等制度改革,从严控制公费出国出境。
切实精简会议和文件,特别要减少那些形式重于内容的会议、庆典和论坛。要深入推进政务公开,完善各类公开办事制度和行政复议制度,创造条件让人民批评政府、监督政府,同时充分发挥新闻舆论的监督作用,让权力在阳光下运行。(掌声)我们所做的一切都是要让人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊严,让社会更加公正、更加和谐。(掌声)各位代表!促进民族团结,实现共同进步,是中华民族的生命、力量和希望所在。要巩固和发展平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。认真落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施,优先支持边疆民族地区加快发展。加快完成边境一线地区危旧房改造,实施游牧民定居工程。
新型农村社会养老保险要优先在边境县、民族地区贫困县试点。加大扶持人口较少民族发展力度。继续推进兴边富民行动。重视保护少数民族文化遗产和民族地区生态环境。切实做好少数民族流动人口公共服务、就业和管理工作,保障他们的合法权益。
同时,加强国家意识、公民意识教育。我们要旗帜鲜明地反对民族分裂,维护祖国统一,让少数民族和民族地区各族群众充分感受到祖国大家庭的温暖。(掌声)我们要全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,依法管理宗教事务。发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济发展和社会和谐中的积极作用。
我们要认真贯彻党的侨务政策。维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益,支持他们传承中华文化,参与祖国现代化建设和促进和平统一大业。(掌声)各位代表!过去一年,国防和军队现代化建设取得新的成就。人民解放军和武警部队圆满完成国庆首都阅兵、重点地区维稳等重大任务,为维护国家安全和发展利益发挥了重要作用。
新的一年,要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局,着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命,按照革命化现代化正规化相统一的原则,加强军队全面建设。以增强打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心,提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。
大力加强军队思想政治建设。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。加强国防科研和武器装备建设。依法治军、从严治军,提高军队正规化水平。
积极稳妥地深化国防和军队改革。加强武警部队现代化建设,增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。各级政府要一如既往地关心支持国防和军队建设,巩固和发展军政军民团结。(掌声)各位代表!我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针,全力支持香港、澳门保持长期繁荣稳定。支持香港巩固并提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位,发展优势产业,培育新的经济增长点。
支持澳门发展旅游休闲产业,促进经济适度多元化。要认真实施珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要,积极推进港珠澳大桥等大型跨境基础设施建设和珠海横琴岛开发,深化粤港澳合作,密切内地与港澳的经济联系。
伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。(掌声)只要特别行政区政府与各界人士同心协力,包容共济,共同维护繁荣稳定发展的大局,香港、澳门的明天一定会更加美好。(掌声)过去的一年,两岸关系在新的历史起点上取得重要进展,呈现和平发展良好势头。两岸交流合作不断深入,全面直接双向“三通”得以实现。经济关系正常化迈出重要步伐,经济合作制度化建设逐步推进。两岸关系持续改善和发展,给两岸同胞带来了实实在在的利益。在新的一年里,我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针,牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题,不断开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。密切两岸经贸金融交往,深化产业合作,支持在大陆的台资企业发展,维护台胞合法权益。
鼓励有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。支持海峡西岸经济区在两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。通过商签两岸经济合作框架协议,促进互利共赢,建立具有两岸特色的经济合作机制。拓展文化教育交流,共同弘扬中华文化。
加强两岸民众和社会各界交流,共同分享两岸关系和平发展成果,进一步凝聚推动两岸关系和平发展的共识。坚持大陆和台湾同属一个中国,巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础,增强两岸政治互信。我们坚信,全体中华儿女同心协力,祖国完全统一的宏伟大业一定能够实现!(掌声)各位代表!过去的一年,外交工作取得新的重大成绩。我国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等国际合作,在一系列重大多边会议上发挥了独特的建设性作用。我们积极开展全方位外交,与各大国、周边国家和广大发展中国家的对话合作稳步推进。大力加强人文等领域外交。有效维护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。
新中国外交走过了60年光辉历程,在国际舞台上留下了闪光足迹。我们将继续发扬光荣传统,始终高举和平、发展、合作旗帜,坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,坚持走和平发展道路,奉行互利共赢的开放战略,推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界,为我国现代化建设创造良好的外部环境。
新的一年,我们将继续以20国集团金融峰会等重大多边活动为主要平台,积极参与国际体系变革进程,维护发展中国家利益。统筹协调好双边外交与多边外交、国别区域外交与各领域外交工作,推动我国与各大国、周边国家和发展中国家的关系全面深入发展。紧紧抓住中国-东盟自贸区全面建成、上海合作组织召开峰会等契机,积极推进区域合作。进一步做好应对气候变化、能源资源合作等方面的对外工作,在妥善解决热点问题和全球性问题中发挥建设性作用。
中国政府和人民愿与国际社会携手努力,共同应对风险挑战,共同分享发展机遇,为世界和平与发展作出新贡献!(掌声)各位代表!艰辛成就伟业,奋斗创造辉煌。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下,凝聚起亿万人民的智慧和力量,再接再厉,开拓进取,全面完成“十一五”规划的各项任务,不断夺取改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业的新胜利!(持续热烈掌声)
第四篇:十一届全国人大五次会议开幕 温家宝作政府工作报告(范文模版)
十一届全国人大五次会议开幕温家宝作政府工作报告
中央政府门户网站 www.xiexiebang.com 2012年03月05日
来源:新华社
【字体:大中小】
3月5日,第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕。
新华社记者 陈建力 摄
3月5日,第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕。国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告。新华社记者 刘卫兵 摄
新华社北京3月5日电 第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议5日上午在北京人民大会堂开幕。肩负亿万人民重托的近3000名全国人大代表出席盛会,履行宪法和法律赋予的神圣职责。
民主、团结、求实、奋进。今天的人民大会堂格外雄伟庄严,主席台帷幕中央国徽高悬,大礼堂穹顶灯光灿若群星,会场气氛隆重热烈。
会议由大会主席团常务主席、执行主席吴邦国主持。大会主席团常务主席、执行主席王兆国、路甬祥、乌云其木格、韩启德、华建敏、陈至立、周铁农、李建国、司马义·铁力瓦尔地、蒋树声、陈昌智、严隽琪、桑国卫在主席台执行主席席就座。
胡锦涛、温家宝、贾庆林、李长春、习近平、李克强、贺国强、***等和大会主席团成员在主席台就座。
上午9时,吴邦国宣布:中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议开幕。会场全体起立,高唱国歌。
国务院总理温家宝代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告。他指出,2012年我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持稳中求进,加强和改善宏观调控,继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系,加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设,努力实现经济平稳较快发展和物价总水平基本稳定,保持社会和谐稳定,以经济社会发展的优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开。
温家宝在报告中提出了2012年经济社会发展的主要预期目标:国内生产总值增长7.5%;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右;进出口总额增长10%左右,国际收支状况继续改善。他说,国内生产总值增长目标略微调低,主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接,引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来,以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右,综 合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力,也为价格改革预留一定空间。
政府工作报告共分三部分:
一、2011年工作回顾;
二、2012年工作总体部署;
三、2012年主要任务。
温家宝说,过去的一年,面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务,我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就,巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果,实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。温家宝着重从五个方面总结了2011年的工作:加强和改善宏观调控,遏制物价过快上涨,实现经济平稳较快发展;加快转变经济发展方式,提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力;大力发展社会事业,促进经济社会协调发展;切实保障和改善民生,解决关系群众切身利益的问题;深入推进改革开放,为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。温家宝指出,成绩来之不易,显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力,增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果,是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。
温家宝指出,我们也清醒地看到,我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织,结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用,国内问题和国际问题相互关联,宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足。今年是“十二五”时期承前启后的重要一年,也是本届政府任期的最后一年。我们要恪尽职守、锐意进取、攻坚克难、决不懈怠,交出一份人民满意的答卷。
在报告了今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标后,温家宝指出,综合考虑各方 面情况,要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,根据形势变化适时适度预调微调,进一步提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。他强调,全面做好今年的工作,必须坚持突出主题、贯穿主线、统筹兼顾、协调推进,把稳增长、控物价、调结构、惠民生、抓改革、促和谐更好地结合起来。
温家宝从九个方面报告了2012年的主要任务:促进经济平稳较快发展;保持物价总水平基本稳定;促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收;加快转变经济发展方式;深入实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略;切实保障和改善民生;促进文化大发展大繁荣;深入推进重点领域改革;努力提高对外开放的质量和水平。
温家宝还就民族、宗教和侨务工作,国防和军队建设,香港、澳门发展和两岸关系,以及我国的外交政策作了阐述。
报告进行了110分钟,会场多次响起热烈掌声。
根据会议议程,在9天半的会期里,出席会议的全国人大代表将听取和审议政府工作报告,审议刑事诉讼法修正案草案、关于十二届全国人大代表名额和选举问题的决定草案,听取和审议全国人大常委会工作报告等。
开幕会上,印发了关于2011年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2012年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告、关于2011年中央和地方预算执行情况与2012年中央和地方预算草案的报告,提请审查批准。在主席台就座的还有:王刚、王乐泉、王岐山、回良玉、刘淇、刘云山、刘延东、李源潮、汪洋、张高丽、张德江、俞正声、徐才厚、郭伯雄、***、何勇、令计划、王沪宁、梁光烈、马凯、孟建柱、戴秉国、王胜俊、曹建明、廖晖、杜青林、帕巴拉·格列朗杰、白立忱、陈奎元、阿不来提·阿不都热西提、李兆焯、黄孟复、董建华、张梅颖、张榕明、钱运录、孙家正、李金华、郑万通、万钢、林文漪、厉无畏、罗富和、陈宗兴、王志珍、何厚铧,以及中央军委委员陈炳德、李继耐、廖锡龙、常万全、靖志远、吴胜利、许其亮等。
香港特别行政区行政长官曾荫权、澳门特别行政区行政长官崔世安列席会议并在主席台就座。
出席全国政协十一届五次会议的政协委员列席大会。
中央和国家机关有关部门、解放军及武警部队、各人民团体有关负责人列席或旁听大会。
各国驻华使节旁听了大会。
温家宝说,我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就 新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,过去的一年,面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务,全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下,同心同德,团结奋进,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。
他说,去年我国实现国内生产总值47.2万亿元,比上年增长9.2%;公共财政收入10.37万亿元,增长24.8%;粮食产量1.14万亿斤,再创历史新高;城镇新增就业1221万人,城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长 8.4%和11.4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果,实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。
温家宝说,去年我国加强和改善宏观调控,遏制物价过快上涨,实现经济平稳较快发展
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,去年我国加强和改善宏观调控,遏制物价过快上涨,实现经济平稳较快发展。
温家宝说,我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系,更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏,努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度,不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,坚持综合施策,合理运用货币政策工具,调节货币信贷增速,大力发展生产,保障供给,搞活流通,加强监管,居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落,扭转了一度过快上涨势头。下半年,世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升,国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题,我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变,继续控制通货膨胀;一方面适时适度预调微调,加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合,加大结构性减税力度,重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业,重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程,重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要,有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。
他指出,我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控,确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制,多数城市房价环比下降,调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患,及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计,摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用,形成了大量优质资产;也存在一些风险隐患,特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作,严格控制增量,积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前,我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。
温家宝说,总的看,我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展,抗风险能力不断增强,呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。
温家宝说,去年我国加快转变经济发展方式,提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力
新华社北京3月5日电国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,去年我国加快转变经济发展方式,提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。
温家宝说,我国巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策,加大农业生产补贴力度,稳步提高粮食最低收购价,加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设,开展农村土地整治,加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾,中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元,比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收,粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”,连续5年超万亿斤,标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。继续推进农村危房改造,解决了6398万农村人口的饮水困难和60万无电地区人口的用电问题,农村生产生活条件进一步改善。
加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业,新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展,三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作 步伐加快。支持重点产业振兴和技术改造,中央预算投资安排150亿元,支持4000多个项目,带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业,新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展,经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。
推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦,比上年增加3356万千瓦。新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨,5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准,实行草原生态保护奖补政策,开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。
促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强,中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平,东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。城镇化率超过50%,这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务,积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。
温家宝说,去年我国大力发展社会事业,促进经济社会协调发展
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,去年我国大力发展社会事业,促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入,全国财政支出2.82万亿元。温家宝说,我国持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项,突破一些关键核心技术,填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接,成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。
扎实推进教育公平。全面实现“两基”目标。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费,其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”,提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作,扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教,90%以上在中西部。
大力加强文化建设。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围。文化体制改革继续推进,文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设,全民健身活动蓬勃开展,体育事业取得新成绩。
积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大,13亿城乡居民参保,全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高,重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖,基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。
温家宝说,去年我国切实保障和改善民生,解决关系群众切身利益的问题 新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,去年我国切实保障和改善民生,解决关系群众切身利益的问题。
温家宝说,我国实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位,全力推动以创业带动就业,加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8%,同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量2.53亿人,比上年增长4.4%,其中,外出农民工1.59亿人,增长3.4%。
积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高,连续两年快于城镇居民;各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准;连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金,全年人均增加1680元,5700多万人受益;进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准,对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴;建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元(2010年不变价)作为新的国家扶贫标准,比2009年提高92%,把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围。
温家宝说,我国加强社会保障体系建设。2147个县(市、区)实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点,1334万人参保,641万人领取养老金。2343个县(市、区)开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,3.58亿人参保,9880万人领取养老金,覆盖面扩大到60%以上。解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管 理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全,向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐,这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。
大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见,完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策,着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平,制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元,是2010年的2.2倍,全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套,新开工建设1043万套。
温家宝说,我国努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管。完善食品安全监管体制机制,集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。加强和创新社会管理,着力排查化解各类社会矛盾,依法打击违法犯罪活动,保持社会和谐稳定。
温家宝说,去年我国深入推进改革开放,为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,去年我国深入推进改革开放,为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务,推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。
温家宝说,我国完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度,把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理,扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围,深化部门预算改革,推进政府预算、决算公开,98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革,出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国,启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点,开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。深化集体林权制度改革,启动国有林场 改革试点,依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革,创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。
温家宝说,我们积极推进市场多元化战略,努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额3.64万亿美元,增长22.5%,其中,出口增长20.3%,进口增长24.9%,贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元,服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快,非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作,多边双边经贸关系继续深化。
温家宝谈经济社会发展面临的困难和挑战
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时指出,我们也清醒地看到,我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。
从国际看,世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折,国际金融危机还在发展,一些国家主权债务危机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下,增长动力不足,新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动,大宗商品价格大幅震荡。国际贸易投资保护主义强化。
从国内看,解决体制性结构性矛盾,缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大,经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。主要是:经济增长存在下行压力,物价水平仍处高位,房地产市场调控处于关键阶段,农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大,就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存,一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多,部分行业产能过剩凸显,能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织,结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用,国内问题和国际问题相互关联,宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足,节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成;征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出,群众反映强烈;政府管理和服务水平有待提高,廉政建设亟需加强。
温家宝强调,我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神,采取更加有力的措施,切实解决存在的问题,努力把各项工作做得更好,决不辜负人民的重托。
温家宝说,我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期。我们要坚定信心,善于运用有利条件和积极因素,继续抓住和用好重要战略机遇期,推动经济平稳较快发展,不断增强我国的综合国力和国际影响力。
他说,在较长时期内继续保持经济平稳较快发展具备不少有利条件。工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进,消费结构和产业结构升级蕴藏着巨大的需求潜力;经过30多年改革开放,我国发展建立了良好的物质基础和体制条件,宏观调控经验不断丰富,企业竞争力和抗风险能力明显提高;东部地区创新发展能力增强,中西部地区和东北等老工业基地发展潜力有序释放;经济发展的传统优势依然存在,劳动力资源丰富、素质提高;财政收支状况良好,金融体系运行稳健,社会资金比较充裕。世界经济政治格局正在发生深刻变化,和平、发展、合作仍然是时代潮流,总体上有利于我国和平发展。
温家宝谈今年工作指导思想和经济社会发展主要预期目标 新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时强调,我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持稳中求进,加强和改善宏观调控,继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系,加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求,着力加强自主创新和节能减排,着力深化改革开放,着力保障和改善民生,全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设,努力实现经济平稳较快发展和物价总水平基本稳定,保持社会和谐稳定,以经济社会发展的优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开。
温家宝说,今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是:国内生产总值增长7.5%;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右;进出口总额增长10%左右,国际收支状况继续改善。同时,要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展,城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步。
他指出,这里要着重说明,国内生产总值增长目标略微调低,主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接,引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来,以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右,综合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力,也为价格改革预留一定空间。
温家宝表示,继续实施积极的财政政策
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时表示,今年要继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适度的财政赤 字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字8000亿元,赤字率下降到1.5%左右,其中中央财政赤字5500亿元,代发地方债2500亿元。
温家宝说,要优化财政支出结构、突出重点,更加注重向民生领域倾斜,加大对教育、文化、医疗卫生、就业、社会保障、保障性安居工程等方面的投入。更加注重加强薄弱环节,加大对“三农”、欠发达地区、科技创新和节能环保、水利、地质找矿等的支持。更加注重勤俭节约,严格控制“三公经费”,大力精简会议和文件,深化公务用车制度改革,进一步降低行政成本。继续控制楼堂馆所建设规模和标准,压缩大型运动会场馆建设投入。全面加强对重点领域、重点部门和重点资金的审计。实施结构性减税。认真落实和完善支持小型微型企业和个体工商户发展的各项税收优惠政策,开展营业税改征增值税试点。继续对行政事业性收费和政府性基金进行清理、整合和规范。加强地方政府性债务管理和风险防范。进一步清理规范地方政府融资平台公司。坚决禁止各级政府以各种形式违规担保、承诺。同时,严格控制地方政府新增债务,将地方政府债务收支分类纳入预算管理。
温家宝表示,继续实施稳健的货币政策
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时表示,今年要继续实施稳健的货币政策。按照总量适度、审慎灵活的要求,兼顾促进经济平稳较快发展、保持物价稳定和防范金融风险。
温家宝说,要综合运用各种货币政策工具,调节好货币信贷供求,保持社会融资规模合理增长。广义货币预期增长14%。优化信贷结构,支持国家重点在建、续建项目和保障性安居工程建设,加强对符合产业政策、有市场需求的企业特别是小型微型企业的信贷支持,切实降低实体经济融资成本。继续严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业的贷款。完善人民币汇率形成机制,增强人民币汇率 双向浮动弹性,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。大力发展外汇市场,丰富外汇产品,为市场主体提供更多的汇率避险工具,管好用好外汇储备。建立健全系统性金融风险防范和监管协调机制,增强抵御风险能力。加强跨境资本流动监控。规范各类借贷行为,引导民间融资健康发展。
温家宝谈今年工作方针
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,全面做好今年的工作,必须坚持突出主题、贯穿主线、统筹兼顾、协调推进,把稳增长、控物价、调结构、惠民生、抓改革、促和谐更好地结合起来。
他说,稳增长,就是要坚持扩大内需、稳定外需,大力发展实体经济,保持经济平稳运行。控物价,就是要继续采取综合措施,保持物价总水平基本稳定,防止价格走势反弹。调结构,就是要有扶有控,提高经济增长质量和效益,增强发展的协调性和可持续性。惠民生,就是要坚持把保障改善民生作为工作的根本出发点和落脚点,把促进社会公平正义放在更加突出的位置,切实办成一些让人民群众得实惠的好事实事。抓改革,就是要以更大的决心和气力推进改革开放,着力解决影响经济长期健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾,在一些重点领域和关键环节取得新突破。促和谐,就是要正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者关系,积极有效化解各种矛盾和风险隐患,防止局部性问题演变成全局性问题,促进社会和谐稳定。
温家宝提出,促进经济平稳较快发展
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要促进经济平稳较快发展。扩大内需特别是消费需求,不断优化投资结构。着力扩大消费需求。大力调整收入分配格局,增加中低收入者收入,提高居民消费能力。完善鼓励居民消费政策。大力发展社会化养老、家政、物业、医疗保健等服务业。鼓励文化、旅游、健身等消费,落实好带薪休假制度。积极发展网络购物等新型消费业态。支持引导环保建材、节水洁具、节能汽车等绿色消费。扩大消费信贷。加强城乡流通体系和道路、停车场等基础设施建设。加强产品质量安全监管。改善消费环境,维护消费者合法权益。
不断优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条,出台具有可操作性的实施细则。加强政府投资对结构调整的引领作用,优先保证重点在建、续建项目,有序推进国家重大项目开工建设。把好土地、信贷、节能、环保、安全、质量等准入和审核关,加强对重大项目特别是政府和国有投资项目的监管、督查,提高投资质量和效益。
温家宝提出,保持物价总水平基本稳定
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,保持物价总水平基本稳定,是关系群众利益和经济社会发展全局的重点工作。要在有效实施宏观经济政策、管好货币信贷总量、促进社会总供求基本平衡的基础上,搞好价格调控,防止物价反弹。
要增加生产、保障供给。继续把控制食品价格过快上涨作为稳定物价的重点。落实好“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制,保障主要农产品供给。大中城市要有合理的菜地保有量,稳定和提高本地应季蔬菜自给水平,同周边地区和优势产区协作建设“菜篮子”产品基地。加强重要商品产运销衔接,完善政府储备和商业储备体系,做好主要农产品收储和投放,增强市场调控能力。要搞活流通、降低成本。严格执行蔬菜等鲜活农产品运输绿色通道政策。认真落实对农产品批发市场、集贸市场、社区平价菜店等的扶持政策,鼓励城市连锁超市、高校、大型企业、社区与农产品流通企业、专业合作社、种养大户对接,减少流通环节,增加零售网点,充分发挥流通主渠道作用。深化流通体制改革。扩大物流企业营业税差额纳税试点范围,完善大宗商品仓储设施用地税收政策。调整完善部分农产品批发、零售增值税政策,推动流通标准化、信息化建设。要多管齐下,切实把流通效率提上去、中间成本降下来。
要加强监管、规范秩序。重点加强对食品、药品价格和医疗、通信、教育等服务收费的监督检查,坚决治理交通运输领域乱收费乱罚款,纠正大型零售商业企业违规收费行为,严厉查处发布虚假信息、囤积居奇、操纵价格、恶意炒作等违法行为。
温家宝提出,促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为各项工作的重中之重。
要稳定发展农业生产,多渠道增加农民收入。稳定粮食种植面积,着力提高单产。引导农民调整结构,扩大紧缺、优质农产品生产,支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水产品等生产。农业补贴要继续增加总量,提高标准,扩大范围,完善机制,新增补贴重点向种养大户、农民专业合作社及各种生产服务组织倾斜。继续提高粮食最低收购价,今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每50公斤分别提高7.4元和16元。健全主产区利益补偿机制,增加粮油、生猪等重要农产品生产大县奖励补助资金。实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要,按照新的国家扶贫标准,全面做好扶贫开发工作,加大集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发力度。要加快农业科技进步。大力推动农业科技创新,加大对良种繁育、疫病防控、农产品质量安全等关键技术研发和应用的支持力度。加快推进基层农技推广服务体系改革和建设,健全乡镇或区域性农业公共服务机构。完善农业技术补贴制度,促进先进适用农业技术到田到户。建好现代农业示范区,推进高产创建和标准化创建。加快农业机械化步伐。
要加强农业农村基础设施建设。今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排12287亿元,比上年增加1868亿元。要搞好灌区配套改造和小型农田水利建设,大力发展节水农业,加大土地开发整理复垦力度,大规模建设旱涝保收高标准基本农田。加快中小河流治理、小型水库除险加固和山洪地质灾害综合防治。加强农村水电路气以及文化体育等基础设施建设,推进农村环境治理,加快农村危房改造,继续改善农村生产生活条件。
要深化农村改革。坚持农村基本经营制度不动摇。要认真搞好土地确权登记颁证。加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务,发展适度规模经营。严格保护耕地。制定出台农村集体土地征收补偿条例。扶持发展农民专业合作社、产业化龙头企业,开展多种形式的农业社会化服务,发展农业保险,提高农业产业化、组织化程度。深化农村综合改革。推进国有农场、林场体制改革。
温家宝提出,加快转变经济发展方式
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要加快转变经济发展方式,推进经济结构战略性调整。要促进产业结构优化升级。推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。建立促进新能源利用的机制,加强统筹规划、项目配套、政策引导,扩大国内需求,制止太阳能、风电等产业盲目扩张。发展新一代信息技术,加强网络基础设施建设,推动三网融 合取得实质性进展。大力发展高端装备制造、节能环保、生物医药、新能源汽车、新材料等产业。扩大技改专项资金规模,促进传统产业改造升级。以汽车、钢铁、造船、水泥等行业为重点,控制增量,优化存量,推动企业兼并重组,提高产业集中度和规模效益。落实并完善促进小型微型企业发展的政策,进一步减轻企业负担,激发科技型小型微型企业发展活力。实施有利于服务业发展的财税、金融政策,支持社会资本进入服务业,促进服务业发展提速、比重提高、水平提升。
要推进节能减排和生态环境保护。抓紧制定出台合理控制能源消费总量工作方案,加快理顺能源价格体系。突出抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构、居民生活等重点领域和千家重点耗能企业节能减排,进一步淘汰落后产能。加强用能管理,发展智能电网和分布式能源,实施节能发电调度、合同能源管理、政府节能采购等行之有效的管理方式。优化能源结构,推动传统能源清洁高效利用,安全高效发展核电,积极发展水电,加快页岩气勘查、开发攻关,提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加强能源通道建设。开展节能认证和能效标识监督检查,鼓励节能、节水、节地、节材和资源综合利用,大力发展循环经济。加强环境保护,着力解决重金属、饮用水源、大气、土壤、海洋污染等关系民生的突出环境问题。努力减少农业面源污染。严格监管危险化学品。今年在京津冀、长三角、珠三角等重点区域以及直辖市和省会城市开展细颗粒物(PM2.5)等项目监测,2015年覆盖所有地级以上城市。推进生态建设,促进生态保护和修复,巩固天然林保护、退耕还林还草、退牧还草成果,加强草原生态建设,大力开展植树造林,推进荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理,严格保护江河源、湿地、湖泊等重要生态功能区。加强适应气候变化特别是应对极端气候事件能力建设,提高防灾减灾能力。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则和公平原则,建设性推动应对气候变化国际谈判进程。要促进区域经济协调发展。认真落实西部大开发新10年的政策措施,加大实施中部地区崛起战略的力度,加快推进东北地区等老工业基地振兴,积极支持东部 地区转型发展、在更高层次上参与国际竞争与合作。要加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的扶持力度。更好地发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放中先行先试的重要作用。制定和实施海洋发展战略,促进海洋经济发展。加强和完善跨区域合作机制,消除市场壁垒,促进要素流动,引导产业有序转移,推动区域经济良性互动、协调发展。
要积极稳妥推进城镇化。根据资源环境和人口承载能力,优化全国生产力布局,形成合理的城镇体系和与国土规模、资源分布、发展潜力相适应的人口布局。各类城市都要夯实经济基础,创造就业机会,完善基础设施,改善人居环境,加强管理服务,提升城镇化质量和水平。更加注重把在城镇稳定就业和居住的农民工有序转变为城镇居民;放宽中小城市落户条件,合理引导人口流向,让更多农村富余劳动力就近转移就业。加强对农民工的人文关怀和服务,着力解决农民工在就业服务、社会保障、子女入园上学、住房租购等方面的实际问题,逐步将城镇基本公共服务覆盖到农民工。关爱留守儿童、留守妇女和留守老人。让农民无论进城还是留乡,都能安居乐业、幸福生活。
温家宝提出,深入实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要深入实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略。
要坚持优先发展教育。中央财政已按全国财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的4%编制预算,地方财政也要相应安排,确保实现这一目标。深入推进教育体制改革,全面实施素质教育,逐步解决考试招生、教育教学等方面的突出问题。推进学校民主管理,逐步形成制度。促进义务教育均衡发展,资源配置要向中西部、农村、边远、民族地区和城市薄弱学校倾斜。继续花大气力推动解决择校、入园等人民群众关心的热点难点问题。农村中小学布局要因地制宜,处理好提高教育 质量和方便孩子们就近上学的关系。办好农村寄宿学校,实施好农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。加强校车安全管理,确保孩子们的人身安全。加强学前教育、继续教育和特殊教育,建设现代职业教育体系。办好民族教育。高等教育要提高教育质量和创新能力。完善国家助学制度,逐步将中等职业教育免学费政策覆盖到所有农村学生,扩大普通高中家庭经济困难学生资助范围。大力发展民办教育,鼓励和引导社会资本进入各级各类教育领域。
要大力推进科技创新。加强国家创新体系建设。深化科技体制改革,推动企业成为技术创新主体,促进科技与经济紧密结合。支持企业加强研发中心建设,承担国家和地区重大科技项目。引导科研机构、高等院校的科研力量为企业研发中心服务,更好地实现产学研有机结合,提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。推动基础研究和前沿技术研究,提高原始创新能力。完善科技评价和奖励制度。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战略。
要全面加强人才工作。深化人才体制改革,大力培养造就高水平创新创业人才、青年人才和急需紧缺人才,引进高层次人才。完善人才培养、任用、评价、激励机制。
温家宝提出,切实保障和改善民生
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时强调,切实保障和改善民生。把保障和改善民生作为政府工作的重要任务。
要千方百计扩大就业。各级政府务必坚持就业优先战略,继续实施更加积极的就业政策。重点扶持就业容量大的现代服务业、创新型科技企业和小型微型企业,创造更多就业岗位。鼓励以创业带动就业。抓好高校毕业生、农民工和城镇就业 困难人员就业,加强退役军人技能培训与就业安置工作。鼓励高校毕业生投身农村、基层、中西部地区建设。加强职业培训和公共就业服务工作。加快建立健全统一规范灵活的人力资源市场。积极构建和谐劳动关系,加强对劳务派遣的规范管理,开展劳动关系争议排查,加强劳动监察和调解仲裁,维护劳动者合法权益。
要加快完善社会保障体系。今年年底前实现新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖。扩大各项社会保险覆盖面。增加企业退休人员基本养老金。加强城乡低保和社会救助工作,加快发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。加强各项社会保障制度衔接。多渠道增加社会保障基金,加强社会保险基金、社会保障基金投资监管,实现保值增值。加强社保服务能力建设,有条件的地方可对各类社保经办机构进行整合归并,有些服务可委托银行、商业保险机构代办。加快全国统一的社会保障卡发放。
要大力推进医药卫生事业改革发展。加快健全全民医保体系,巩固扩大基本医保覆盖面,提高基本医疗保障水平和管理服务水平。城镇居民医保和新农合补助标准提高到每人每年240元。全面推开尿毒症等8类大病保障,将肺癌等12类大病纳入保障和救助试点范围。巩固完善基本药物制度,加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设。推进公立医院改革,实行医药分开、管办分开,破除以药补医机制。鼓励引导社会资本办医,加快形成对外开放的多元办医格局。充分调动医务工作者积极性,建立和谐的医患关系。加强公共卫生服务,预防控制严重威胁群众健康的重大传染病、慢性病、职业病。加强药品安全工作。扶持和促进中医药和民族医药事业发展。
要全面做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平,综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题,提高出生人口质量。加快实现计划生育优质服务全覆盖,将免费孕前优生健康检查试点范围扩大到60%的县(市、区)。提高农村部分计划生育 家庭奖励扶助、特殊扶助标准。加强流动人口计划生育服务管理。做好妇女儿童工作,扩大农村妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查覆盖面,提高妇女儿童发展和权益保障水平。进一步完善残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系。积极发展老龄事业,加快建设社会养老服务体系,努力让城乡老年人都老有所养,幸福安度晚年。
要继续搞好房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。严格执行并逐步完善抑制投机、投资性需求的政策措施,进一步巩固调控成果,促进房价合理回归。继续推进保障性安居工程建设,在确保质量的前提下,基本建成500万套,新开工700万套以上。抓紧完善保障性住房建设、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取有效措施,增加普通商品住房供给。加快建设城镇住房信息系统,改革房地产税收制度,促进房地产市场长期平稳健康发展。
要加强和创新社会管理。加强社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法。强化政府社会管理和公共服务职能。提高城乡基层群众性自治组织的自治能力。积极稳妥推进户籍管理制度改革,推动实行居住证制度,为流动人口提供更好服务。以信息共享、互联互通为重点,加快建设国家电子政务网。大力推进政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信建设,构建覆盖全社会的征信系统。加强和改进互联网管理,营造健康的网络环境。健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估机制和突发事件应急管理机制。加强安全生产监管,防止重特大事故发生。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品行动。增强食品安全监管能力,提高食品安全水平。加强和改进信访工作。加强法律服务和法律援助。严密防范和依法打击违法犯罪活动,保障人民群众生命财产安全。
温家宝提出,促进文化大发展大繁荣
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要促进文化大发展大繁荣。要提供优质丰富的文化产品,不断满足人民群众的精神文化需求。深入推进社会主义核心价值体系建设。加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德教育,做好青少年思想道德教育工作。大力发展公益性文化事业。以农村和中西部地区为重点,加强基层文化设施建设。推动哲学社会科学繁荣发展,积极发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术和档案事业。加强文化遗产保护,繁荣发展少数民族文化事业。深化文化体制改革,继续推动经营性文化单位转企改制。提高文化产业规模化、集约化、专业化水平,推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。深入开展对外人文交流,促进中外文化相互借鉴。广泛开展全民健身活动,增强人民体质,促进体育事业和体育产业协调发展。
温家宝提出,深入推进重点领域改革
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要深入推进重点领域改革。以更大决心和勇气继续全面推进经济体制、政治体制等各项改革,破解发展难题。
他指出,当前和今后一段时期,改革的重点领域和关键环节是:进一步转变政府职能,完善宏观调控体系,理顺政府与市场的关系,更好地发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用;推进财税体制改革,理顺中央与地方及地方各级政府间财政分配关系,更好地调动中央和地方两个积极性;深化土地、户籍、公共服务改革,理顺城市与农村的关系,推动工业化、城镇化和农业现代化协调发展;推进社会事业、收入分配等改革,理顺经济与社会发展的关系,有效保障社会公平正义;推进依法行政和社会管理创新,理顺政府与公民和社会组织的关系,建设服务、责任、法治、廉洁政府。
他指出,今年改革的重点任务是: 一是深化财税金融体制改革。完善分税制,健全转移支付制度,提高一般性转移支付规模和比例。完善县级基本财力保障机制。稳步推进地方财政预算、决算公开。深化国库集中收付、政府采购及国债管理制度改革。健全消费税制度。全面深化资源税改革,扩大从价计征范围。深入推进国有控股大型金融机构改革,规范发展小型金融机构,健全服务小型微型企业和“三农”的体制机制。推动实施银行业新监管标准。推进建立存款保险制度。深化政策性金融机构改革。健全完善新股发行制度和退市制度,强化投资者回报和权益保护。积极发展债券市场。推进保险业改革发展。深化利率市场化改革。稳步推进人民币资本项目可兑换,扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。
二是推动多种所有制经济共同发展。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济,毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。深入推进国有经济战略性调整,完善国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。研究推进铁路、电力等行业改革。完善和落实促进非公有制经济发展的各项政策措施,打破垄断,放宽准入,鼓励民间资本进入铁路、市政、金融、能源、电信、教育、医疗等领域,营造各类所有制经济公平竞争、共同发展的环境。
三是深化价格改革。稳妥推进电价改革,实施居民阶梯电价改革方案,完善水电、核电及可再生能源定价机制。逐步理顺煤电价格关系。完善成品油价格改革,推进天然气价格改革。实行最严格的水资源管理制度,合理制定和调整各地水资源费征收标准,推进农业水价综合改革。开展碳排放和排污权交易试点。加快建立完善生态补偿机制。
四是深化收入分配制度改革。抓紧制定收入分配体制改革总体方案。努力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工资制度,建立工资正常增长机制,稳步提高最低工资标准。创造条件增加居民财产 性收入。建立公共资源出让收益的全民共享机制。加大对高收入者的税收调节力度,严格规范国有企业、金融机构高管人员薪酬管理,扩大中等收入者比重,提高低收入者的收入,促进机会公平。规范收入分配秩序,有效保护合法收入,坚决取缔非法收入,尽快扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。
五是积极稳妥推进事业单位分类改革。科学划分事业单位类别,分类指导、分业推进、分级组织、分步实施,深化事业单位管理体制和人事、收入分配、社会保障制度改革。
六是加快推进政府改革。扩大社会主义民主,依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督,保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。全面贯彻依法治国基本方略,尊重和维护宪法和法律的权威,严格依法行政,坚决纠正有法不依、执法不严、违法不究、粗暴执法、渎职失职和执法腐败等行为。加强廉政建设,深入开展反腐败斗争,扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设的各项长期性、基础性工作,着力解决人民群众反映强烈的突出问题。严格依法设定、实施、清理、规范行政审批事项。严禁领导干部插手政府采购、工程招标、土地矿业权拍卖等经济活动。严格执行领导干部廉洁从政各项规定。加强行政监督、民主监督、舆论监督。坚决查处各类违纪违法案件,严厉惩治腐败分子。
温家宝提出,努力提高对外开放的质量和水平
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时提出,要努力提高对外开放的质量和水平,形成开放型经济新格局。
要保持对外贸易稳定发展。稳定出口退税政策,扩大贸易融资和信用保险,改进海关、质检、外汇等方面的监管和服务,帮助企业克服订单不足、成本升高、摩 擦增多等多重困难和压力。深入实施科技兴贸、以质取胜和市场多元化战略,支持企业培育自主品牌、营销网络和研发中心,引导加工贸易向产业链高端延伸、向中西部转移。巩固美日欧传统市场,开拓新兴市场。稳定劳动密集型产品出口,扩大高技术、高附加值产品出口,控制高耗能、高污染产品出口。大力发展服务贸易,承接服务外包。制定加强进口、促进贸易平衡的指导意见,完善进口政策,搭建更多的进口促进平台,推动进出口平衡发展。
要提高利用外资质量。实施新修订的外商投资产业指导目录,引导外资更多投向先进制造业、高新技术产业、节能环保产业、现代服务业和中西部地区。要实施“走出去”战略。引导各类所有制企业有序开展境外能源、原材料、农业、制造业、服务业、基础设施等领域投资合作和跨国并购。创新境外经贸合作区发展模式,支持“走出去”的企业相互协同、集群发展。放宽居民境外投资限制。加强对外投资风险管理,维护我境外企业人员和资产安全。
要参与全球经济治理和区域合作。努力保持与发达国家经贸关系稳定发展,全面深化与发展中国家的互利合作。继续推进自贸区建设和区域经济一体化进程。积极参与二十国集团等全球经济治理机制建设,加强与主要经济体宏观经济政策协调,反对各种形式的保护主义,继续在多哈回合谈判、国际金融体系改革中发挥建设性作用。
温家宝强调,坚定不移地巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系 新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时强调,要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,认真贯彻落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施,大力实施扶持人口较少民族发展、推 进兴边富民行动和发展少数民族事业规划。坚定不移地巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系。
要认真贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针。维护宗教团体、宗教界人士和信教群众的合法权益,充分发挥他们在促进经济发展、文化繁荣、社会和谐中的积极作用。要全面贯彻党的侨务政策。维护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷合法权益,支持他们积极参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。
温家宝强调,全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时强调,要着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命,全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设,不断提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务的能力。
温家宝指出,要加强思想政治建设,坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和人民军队的根本宗旨。积极开展信息化条件下军事训练。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。大力提高国防科技和武器装备自主创新能力。着力培养高素质新型军事人才。积极稳妥地实施国防和军队改革。坚持依法治军、从严治军。全面建设现代化武装警察力量。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。坚决完成反恐维稳、处置突发事件、抢险救灾等任务。坚持军民结合、寓军于民,走中国特色军民融合式发展路子。巩固发展军政军民团结。
温家宝表示,全力支持香港、澳门发展经济、改善民生、推进民主
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针,全力支持香港、澳门发展经济,改善民生,推进民主。
他表示,要支持特区政府积极应对国际经济风险挑战,维护经济金融稳定和长期繁荣发展。衔接和落实好支持港澳经济社会发展的系列政策措施,大幅提升内地对港澳服务贸易开放水平,加快推进港珠澳大桥等基础设施建设和对接,深化合作,支持港澳参与国际和区域经济合作。支持香港巩固和提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位,建设离岸人民币业务中心。支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心,推进横琴新区建设,促进经济适度多元发展。
温家宝表示,要拓展两岸关系和平发展新局面
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时说,要继续坚持中央对台工作的大政方针,增强两岸关系发展的政治、经济、文化和民意基础,拓展两岸关系和平发展新局面。
他表示,要全面深化经济金融合作,推动两岸经济合作框架协议后续商谈取得新进展。加快海峡西岸经济区建设。积极扩大各界往来,开展文化、教育等交流,使两岸同胞联系更紧密,感情更贴近,利益更融合。全体中华儿女要更加紧密地团结起来,为完成祖国统一大业、实现中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗!
温家宝提出,为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界不懈努力
新华社北京3月5日电 国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时表示,我们愿同世界各国一道,为促进人类文明进步,增进各国人民的福祉和建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力!
温家宝说,新的一年,我们将继续深化同周边国家的睦邻友好关系,积极参与周边各种合作机制,推动区域合作深入发展,共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的地区环境。我们将与广大发展中国家加强团结合作,深化传统友谊,扩大互利合作,推动实现联合国千年发展目标,维护发展中国家的正当权益和共同利益。我们将加强与各大国的战略对话,增进战略互信,拓展合作领域,推进相互关系长期稳定健康发展。我们将积极参与多边事务和全球治理,推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。我们将坚定不移地走和平发展道路,坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,奉行互利共赢的开放战略。
忠实反映人民意愿 切实推动国家进步 ——热烈祝贺十一届全国人大五次会议开幕
沐浴着龙年春风,承载着人民重托,十一届全国人大五次会议今天在北京隆重开幕。来自全国各地区、各民族的近3000名人大代表齐集北京,依法履职,共商国是。我们对会议的召开表示热烈祝贺!
一年一度的人大会议是我国政治生活中的一件大事。今年的会议,是在实施“十二五”规划承上启下之年、中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会前召开的一次重要会议。开好这次会议,对于推动中央各项重大决策部署的贯彻落实,推进改革开放和各项建设事业的发展,促进民生改善和社会和谐稳定,具有重大的意义。2011年,面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务,全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下,同心同德,团结奋进,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。我国经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展,抗风险能力不断增强,呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。
我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果,实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。这些来之不易的成就,是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果,是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。
过去一年,全国人大常委会紧紧围绕党和国家大局开展工作。继续加强和改进立法工作,更加注重修改完善现行法律,更加注重推进科学立法、民主立法,着力提高立法质量,不断完善中国特色社会主义法律体系;紧紧围绕推动“十二五”规划纲要顺利实施,继续加强和改进监督工作,更加紧扣大局、更加贴近民生,取得实实在在的效果;以贯彻实施修改后的代表法为契机,进一步加强和改进代表工作,支持和保障代表依法履行职责,充分发挥代表参与管理国家事务的作用;坚持服从服务于国家外交大局,有计划、有重点地加强同外国议会和多边议会组织的友好往来,为推动国家关系全面发展、维护我国发展重要战略机遇期发挥了重要作用;加强自身建设尤其是思想政治建设,提高人大工作质量和水平。这些卓有成效的工作充分证明,我国人民代表大会制度是人民当家作主的根本途径和最高实现形式,也是党在国家政权中充分发扬民主、贯彻群众路线的最好实现形式,具有强大的生命力和优越性。
2012年是我国发展进程中具有特殊重要意义的一年。牢牢把握稳中求进的总基调,努力做好全年各项工作,巩固和发展“十二五”时期开局良好势头,对党的十八大胜利召开具有十分重要的意义。全面贯彻十七届六中全会以及中央经济工作会议精神,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路,全国人大及其常委会就一定能在完善中国特色社会主义法律体系上迈出新步伐,在推动中央重大决策部署贯彻落实上取得新成效,在代表服务、对外交往、自身建设方面取得新进展,为促进经济平稳较快发展、保持社会和谐稳定做出新的贡献,以优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开!
人民利益高于一切。全国人民代表大会会议是最高国家权力机关行使自己庄严职责的最重要活动,是人民群众表达意愿、实现有序政治参与的重要渠道。近3000名全国人大代表身后,站立着13亿中国人民。在重要战略机遇期和改革攻坚期,使人民意愿通过法定程序成为国家意志,为改革发展凝聚智慧力量,人大代表责任重大、使命光荣。我们深信,人大代表一定能够不辱使命、不负重托,将本次大会开成民主、团结、求实、奋进的大会。
预祝大会圆满成功!
第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议议程
中央政府门户网站 www.xiexiebang.com 2012年03月04日
来源:新华社
【字体:大中小】
新华社北京3月4日电
第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议议程
2012年3月4日第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议预备会议通过
一、听取和审议国务院总理温家宝关于政府工作的报告
二、审查和批准2011年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2012年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告
批准2012年国民经济和社会发展计划
三、审查和批准2011年中央和地方预算执行情况与2012年中央和地
方预算草案的报告
批准2012年中央预算
四、审议全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于提请审议《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》的议案
五、审议全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于提请审议《第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议关于第十二届全国人民代表大会代表名额和选举问题的决定(草案)》的议案
六、审议全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于提请审议《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区选举第十二届全国人民代表大会代表的办法(草案)》的议案
七、审议全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于提请审议《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区选举第十二届全国人民代表大会代表的办法(草案)》的议案
八、听取和审议全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长吴邦国关于全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作的报告
九、听取和审议最高人民法院院长王胜俊关于最高人民法院工作的报告
十、听取和审议最高人民检察院检察长曹建明关于最高人民检察院工作的报告
第五篇:政府工作报告2008年3月5日(英文版)
Report on the Work of the Government(2008)
Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years The past five years since the First Session of the 10th National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the 16th CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded 1.52 trillion U.S.dollars.1 The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached 2.17 trillion dollars in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned space flights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Old field.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million KW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million KW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.-There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.-More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.-Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the U.S.sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.-The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies,The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008
This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:
1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:
First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows: First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and
do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all
types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the
development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and
intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.35 Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.36 We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent
goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.38
We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve
and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic
disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:
First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state
plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.42 We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase
employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development
of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to
entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:
First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.46 In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and
extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent
environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of
administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.50