南开大学考博英语

第一篇：南开大学考博英语

南开考博英语

一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分

二、词汇：15分

三、阅读理解：40分

四、改错：10分

五、作文：15分

一、听力（1分×20=20分）

二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）

三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）(A)出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（猎物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves.A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.by controlpanel

So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved.For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs.Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的），it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（线）.Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein.It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk.In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web.Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web.One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.by controlpanel 1.A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be.A.Secrets of Spiders.B.Secrets of the Web C.Secrets of Nature D.A New Discovery of Scientists 2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true A.All web-building spiders are blind B.Most spiders are blind C.Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D.All spiders can weave webs.3.Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to.A.walk quickly B.see the prey clearly C.conserve its energy D.survive 4.A spider conserves its energy.A.because it constructs new webs daily B.as it walks over the strands it lays C.by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web D.by eating only in the evening 5.That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that.A.a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk B.spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain C.the web is everything to a spider D.a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B)出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel.This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.by controlpanel Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals.The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink.Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.by controlpanel 6.What is the main topic of the passage?

(A)Weather variations in the desert

(B)Adaptations of desert animals

(C)Diseased of desert animals

(D)Human use of desert animals.7.According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A)It helps them hide from predators.(B)It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.(C)It helps them see their young at night

(D)It keeps them cool at night.8.The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A)an animal with a low average temperature

(B)an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel(C)a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D)a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A)They do not need to eat much food.(B)They can eat large quantities quickly

(C)They easily lose their appetites.(D)They can travel long distances looking for food.10.Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A)To show how they use camels.(B)To contrast them to desert mammals.(C)To give instructions about desert survival.(D)To show how they have adapted to desert life.(C)关于旅游能扩展思路（原文没找到）(D)出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.by controlpanel We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious.Everything of importance comes from the teacher.by controlpanel With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students.In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with.John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.by controlpanel 11.The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.A.For the teacher to divide students into small groups.B.To make it possible for students to interact with each other.CFor the teacher to find out how students think.D.To give students more opportunities to practice speaking.3 12.The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years”(in Para.1)is intended to convey the idea that_______.A.College classrooms often reminded people of their college life.B.Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.C.A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.D.There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.13.The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________ AThe teacher saves the trouble in doing that.B.Learning is made comfortable in this way.C.The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.D.Brighter students can help slower ones.14.All the following statements are true according to the passage except that

_________.A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.C.Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.15.The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________ A.Create a comfortable setting for interaction.B.Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.C.Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.D.Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and faces easily.(E)出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus，children were valued in terms of their productivity and they assumed the role of producer quite early．Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination，and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status（地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become，each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members．Consequently，viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted（多方面的）member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian（功利的）organisms ．This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children．It is now possible to influence the 4 details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel（原则、信条）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing． by controlpanel The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence，socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society B）The Children of Colonial North America C）The Development of Cultural Values D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children's success．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children's psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs．

C）A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families．

20．According to the passage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children's future occupations B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childless couples D）child-rearing techniques

(F)关于American paradox（原文没找到）

四、改错（1分×10=10分）出自英语专业八级考试模拟题

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water.This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some

other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ of the sun.by controlpanel As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range.__3__ The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ in quantity.A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ earth during volcanic action.The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ melted.Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface.There is also a minor，but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone.Let alone 意为“更不用说”，表示一种让步关系。2.face-surface 根据上下文理解，应该指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。这样使得planet后面的句子成为一个定语从句。4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重复。5.out改成outer 这里指外层空间。6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中这里是让步关系，而不是并列关系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英语表达中，当分子是二以上的数时，分母应为复数。

9.when改成until或者unless 根据上下文，这句话的意思应为:除非（冰雪)融化，否则（地球上的）生命系统就无法利用水。所以when在这里的意思有误。

10.fewer改成less 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用less。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing 提纲：

1、阐述二者的relation；

2、提出建议和solution；

3、以一个natural end结尾。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ⅡReading Comprehension(20 points)

Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S.cities have simply built more roads.But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run.Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.

The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.

hPathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.

Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

kaobo.cn,kaobo.org“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough.It sends people the wrong message.They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems.It's not the solution itself, just pan of the package.There are different strategies.”

Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.

It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years.There has to be a big change.

1.What is the appropriate title for the passage ?

A.Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. B.A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. C.A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.

D.Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.

2.The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.an optional solution B.an expedient solution C.a ready solution

D.an efficient solution

3.According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to __________. A.develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways B.provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services C.optimize the highway capabilities

D.improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4.According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, __________. A.car pooling must be studied B.rapid mass transit system must be introduced C.flexible work hours must be experimented D.overall strategies must be coordinated

5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage? A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.

B.A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. C.Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. D.An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. Passage 2 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper.If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away;if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage.We reserve rage for our own species.It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man—indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.

The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6.A suitable title for this passage would be __________. A.Wily Human Armies Are Formed B.Man's Anger Against the World C.The Human Capacity for Rage D.Early Straggles of Angry Mail

7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is __________.A.its lengthy and complex development

B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland C.that we do not fly into a temper more often D.that we reserve anger for mankind 8.The passage suggests that __________. A.historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9.From the passage we can infer that __________.

A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens B.games are psychologically unhealthy

C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's sctivities.

10.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is __________.

A.founded in historical fact

B.deceptive C.apparent

D.accurate Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1.Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are __________ to imported ones.

A.inadequate B.inappropriate

C.inferior D.interior

2.It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he __________ what he knows. A.makes for B.makes of C.makes up D.makes out

3.Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business __________, something unheard of in Europe.

A.transformations B.transmissions C.transitions D.transactions

4.As the pressure __________ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.

A.intensifies

B.magnifies

C.heightens

D.deviates

5.The strong scent of Kate's perfume __________ the air in the small room. A.radiated B.permeated？ C.extracted？ D.dispersed

6.The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least __________, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial

7.They are __________ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. A.tempting B.tickling C.tormenting D.tricking

8.Another popular misconception is the __________ that great talent is usually highly specific. A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy

9.You can __________ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. A.change B.vary C.alter D.transform

10.The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be __________. A.enormous B.huge C.vast D.immense Part Ⅳ？ Error Correction(10 points)

Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you cross out a word, put a slant(/)in the blank. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in some other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it,？ 1.__________ ___ 2.__________ ____ the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at thestore of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.Moreover, 3.__________ ___ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumer？

4.__________ _____ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？

5.__________ ___

In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed he 6.__________ _______ or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain about in person 7.__________ ________ whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8.__________ ________ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？

9.__________ __________

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong？

10.__________ __________ with the item in question. Part Ⅴ Writing(10 points)略

Frankly speaking, in contemporary China, volunteer is not quite prevailing or in a embarrased situation attributing to the misunderstanding among the crow.What's worse, the minority of people treat it as a useless and meaningless career in the world.In fact, there is of great essenciality to correct the wrong opinion in volunteer and advocate the volunteer career.As follows, I will list some advantages of volunteer.First of all, volunteer play quite vital a role in our sociaty.Taking Beijing Olympic Game for example, there is no doubt that volunteer is a bridge between Chinese and volunteer, they help to translate for native sellers, keep the activity and traffic in order and so on.Moreover, volunteer is the pioneer when faced with the catastrophe.In the wenchuan earthquake, indisputably, volunteer lend a hand to the victime in the first moment.From my own perspective, volunteer is the most sacred career in this world, we should feel pround of that we are volunteers.10

第二篇：南开大学2012年考博招生简章

南开大学2012年考博招生简章

一、招生计划：

我校2012年计划招收博士研究生800名，招生名额中含硕博连读、直接攻博及普通招考。各学院在规定招生名额内确定导师的招生指标。

二、考试方式：

直接攻博：从被我校2012年接收的校内外推荐免试攻读硕士学位的优秀应届本科毕业生中选拔直接攻读博士生的方式。专业一般为理工农医等博士招生专业和文科经管类属于国家重点学科的博士招生专业。

硕博连读：在我校优秀在学硕士生中考核，完成规定硕士课程学习并且成绩优秀、具有较强的科研创新精神和科研能力的在学硕士生中选拔博士生的方式。在全校各博士招生学科专业内进行。

普通招考：面向社会招生，参加我校组织的博士入学考试，择优录取。

三、报考条件：

1、拥护中国共产党的领导，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法。

2、身体健康状况符合规定的体检标准。

3、我校各学科接收应届毕业硕士生和已获硕士学位人员。应届毕业硕士生是指毕业时同时获得硕士研究生毕业证书和硕士学位证书的应届生；在职申请硕士学位（只有学位证书，没有毕业证书）人员必须在现场照相前取得硕士学位证书。我校不招收提前毕业的在学硕士生。

4、获得国外硕士学位的考生在复试资格审查时必须提交教育部留学服务中心提供的学位认证证书原件及复印件。否则取消复试及录取资格。

5、我校只允许个别科研能力强、导师推荐的同等学力者报考，具体要求详见同等学力具体要求。

6、我校理工科各学院只招收全日制的非在职攻读博士生，部分人文社会科学学院招收少量在职攻读博士生。非在职攻读博士生录取后必须将档案和工资关系转入我校。

四、在职报考审批：

由于我校控制在职考生报考的数量，在职报考考生在11月下旬向报考学院提交申请，由学院审核批准，上报研究生院招生办公室后，在职考生方可报名。未经审批或审批未通过而报名缴费的在职考生一律不予准考，报名费不再退还。

五、报考流程及注意事项（具体网上报考流程请留意我校研究生院信息）：

1、我校博士招生每年招生一次，采用网上报名方式报名，报考费200元。考生需要通过网上支付形式缴纳报名费，报名费支付后一律不退还，网报时间内未缴纳报名费视为报名信息无效。

网上报名网址：http://graduate.nankai.edu.cn/bswb/index.asp

网上报名时间：2011年12月1日9：00－12月22日24：00。

2、符合报考条件的考生可在网报时间登录我校博士研究生入学考试报名系统进行网上报名，网上报名以获得系统分配的报名号为报名成功的标志。网上报名成功后需要下载《南开大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表》（表上须粘贴近期个人2寸照片）、《南开大学2012年博士报名信息卡》、《2012年报考南开大学博士研究生专家推荐信》等有关报名表格并打印。

3、考生应按报名表上的要求如实填写有关报名表格的内容。登记表上无须加盖单位公章。在职报考考生根据教育部规定，“考生须征得委托培养或定向培养单位的同意。考生与所在单位或委托、定向单位因报考问题引起的纠纷而造成不能调档、复试、录取的后果，招生单位不负责任。”

4、同等学力报考者，必须在规定的报名时间前一个月向我校研招办提交所有要求的材料原件。由所报考的导师写推荐信，经我校审查同意后，方可履行报名手续，未经我校审查通过者报考资格无效。

5、现场确认时间为2012年3月14日9：00—15：30，地点为南开大学注册中心（大学生活动中心一楼），所有参加考试的考生届时要到我校注册中心进行现场确认，现场确认需提交报名材料：①—②，并进行现场照相、领取准考证，现场确认必须由本人参加，未进行现场确认的考生不能参加考试（考核攻博生不用到现场确认，具体安排见第十二条）。

具体材料（A4纸）内容如下：

① 本人身份证（或军官证、护照）原件；

②《南开大学2012年博士报名信息卡》（需考生签字）。

6、考试分为初试和复试两个阶段，具体情况见第六条。

7、2012年5月底确定拟录取名单。

六、考试分为初试和复试两个阶段：

1、初试：三门考试科目，均为笔试，包括外语（含听力、基础外语）和两门专业课。初试时间为2012年3月17日——18日，每科考试时间为3个小时。

2、复试：2012年4月上旬公布复试分数线、复试名单。具体复试时间、地点届时通知。各学院的复试分数线及复试名单由学院在全校复试分数线基础上有权自行确定。报考资格在复试时审查，资格不符合要求将不能参加复试。

复试时考生须提交材料（A4纸）：①《南开大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表》（表上须张贴近期个人2寸照片）；②硕士学位课程学习成绩单复印件，须加盖研究生院或单位人事部门公章；③硕士学位证书原件及复印件一份，应届毕业生为学生证原件及复印件一份，获得国外硕士学位的考生须提交教育部留学服务中心提供的学位认证证书原件及复印件；④个人成果原件；⑤外语能力证书原件；⑥硕士论文摘要；⑦两封《2012年报考南开大学博士研究生专家推荐信》（须分别由两位副教授以上职称专家推荐）。

复试全面考察考生的专业素质，包括专业英语。

3、考试地点：初试——南开大学。

复试——南开大学各学院。

七、学制：

全日制博士生学制三至六年，在职攻读博士生学制四至六年。

八、学业奖学金：

2012年我校实行学业奖学金机制，录取的全日制非在职攻读博士学位学生将获得学业奖学金。人事档案和工资关系未转入我校的学生不享受学业奖学金，须缴纳学费。

九、公派联合培养：

国家留学基金委实施“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”，经导师推荐，专家委员会审核批准，我校每年将选拔优秀在学博士研究生到世界著名学府学习一至两年。

十、招生专业目录查询：

招生专业目录可在我校研究生院招生主页上查询（带星号★的专业为我校自设专业）。

十二、住宿问题：

凡被我校录取的在职博士生（指档案、工资关系不转入我校的博士生，这里不包括少数民族骨干计划考生和对口支援西部计划考生），入学后均不提供学生宿舍。

十三、注册报到：

凡被我校录取的博士生，需在学校录取通知书指定的时间报到注册，且必须携带硕士学位证书（在国外获取学位者需提供教育部留学服务中心开具的学位证明），没有硕士学位者不予注册，并取消录取资格。

十四、考生与报考导师联系可以通过网上公布的E-mail，或与报考院、系（所）直接联系。

十五、其他说明：

1、网上提交的个人信息必须准确、真实，否则，影响录取。

2、报名登记表上信息与网上提交的信息相应内容应该一致。

3、请事先对自己的报考资格进行确认，一旦报考费缴纳成功，如因考生个人原因取消报名或不能参加考试，报考费一律不予退还。

4、直接攻博和硕博连读学生请于2012年3月1日自备150*200像素bmp格式电子照片，发到cn-ljp@163.com，同时将签好字的《南开大学2012年博士报名信息卡》送交南开大学研究生院招生办公室。

5、如果出现因网络拥挤，造成报名过程出现异常，可以等候网络畅通以后再进行。如果网络数据或者网上支付出现问题，请与南开大学研究生院招生办联系。联系电话：022-23502121，E-mail：cn-ljp@163.com。

6、有关事宜请登陆南开大学研究生院主页：

http://graduate.nankai.edu.cn/admissions/index.asp，并随时留意网上公布的最新招生信息。

十六、南开大学通讯地址：

天津市南开大学研究生院招生办公室 邮编：300071

南开大学研究生院招生

第三篇：考博英语

1How compelling and thought-provoking the above image is(images are)!

多么引人注目的、容易让人产生联想的画面呀！

2What is apparently betrayed in the cartoon(s)is that …,in contrast, …

这个漫画明显表现出来的是、、、、，相反的，、、、、、3What on earth can we derive from the interesting and instructive drawing?

从这幅有趣的、有教育性意义的图画上我们究竟可以得到什么信息呢？

4It goes without saying that(there is no denying the fact that)what the painter actually aims to convey in the picture is(pictures are)profound.毫无疑问，事实上作者在这幅画中传达的目标意义深刻。

5Primarily, we can learn that such cases are far from being rare and upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and around the world.6What’s more, there has been a growing concern nowadays over the worsening phenomenon.7It is hard to imagine what our society would be like if such pervasive trend go unchallenged.首先，我们可以发现这样的事情很常见，在我们附近，在世界范围内很容易的就能看到类似的令人不愉快的事情。其次，现在已经对这类恶化的现象给予了越来越多的关注。很难想象如果类似的影响恶劣的趋势没有得到制止我们的社会将变成什么样子。

8Additionally, to reverse the grim situation, effective and efficient measures should be entailed by all parties concerned.9The authorities, the mass media and every one are on the list.10Enhancing people’s awareness of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations ought to be top priority of the agenda.另外，为了扭转严峻的情况，相关政党应该采取有效的方法，职权部门、大众传媒和每一个人都包括在内。提高大家对这些措施的关注程度、制定相关规章制度应该是位于日程之首。11Considering what’s presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such stories were ended or at least reduced.12I am strongly convinced that only when such things vanish or disappear, can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.考虑到以上提到的事情，我们可以顺利的得出结论：是该结束或者减少这类事情的时候了。我坚信只有这类事情消失的时候，我们才能够维持一个我们希望所的快乐、健康、和谐的社会。

若是好的话题：

1.第5句去掉upsetting

2.第6句去掉worsening

3.第7句移到最后一段的最后一句，且改./;成It’s hard …if we fail to grasp such cases and can

not put them into practice.4.把第8句换句举例：To make the point even clearer, let’s come to example regarding an

acquaintance of mine.（为了更明显的表达这个观点，我将举一个关于我一个熟人的例子）

5.第3段 …that it is high time all parties concerned took effective and efficient measures to

practice.The authorities, the mass media, as well as each individual are involved.And I’m strongly convinced that we’ll ensure such practices, thus maintaining a happy, healthy, harmonious society as we all wish.（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.1．开头万能公式一：名人名言

原理：名人名言尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理

经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。还是靠编

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某大学，学生课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式：

1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

第四篇：南开大学企业管理专业考博试题(管理学)

20XX年南开大学企业管理专业考博试题（管理学回忆版）第一大题（40分）

材料一：南开大学1980年代恢复管理学科，著名管理学家、系主任陈炳富说，本科生的任务是读重点，研究生的任务是读难点，博士生的任务是发现空白点。本科生要把厚书读薄了，博士生的任务是把薄书写厚了。材料二：最近，美国《科学》杂志发表了一篇论文。

一项新型的脑成像研究可能帮助人们解释为什么有些人在清晨思维最为敏捷，而另外一些人则 在傍晚的时候变得最有效率。Christina Schmidt及其在比利时和瑞士的同事报告说，我们的思维敏捷程度及思想集中的能力受到了我们已经醒了多久以及当时在一天中所处的时间的双重影响，因为 我们的生物钟节奏是根据日—夜周期运作的。研究人员应用功能性核磁共振成像来对早起者和夜猫子的脑部活动进行监控。这些人连续两个夜晚呆在一个睡眠实验室 中，并周期性地从事一项需要保持持续注意力的作业。研究结果提示，一般来说，“夜猫子”在他们发生脑疲劳之前，其清醒的时间会比早起者长。在清醒10个小 时之后，与“夜猫子”相比，早起者与注意力有关系的脑部区域的活动性会有所下降。早起者还更容易感到困乏，并容易使操作变得更慢。这些脑区域包括生物主时 钟的所在地。该区域的活动会降低实验志愿者清醒的时间（即“睡眠压力”增加了），提示早起者和“夜猫子”之间的行为差异至少有一部分与控制睡眠压力和生理 节奏有关的脑区域间的相互作用的结果有关。

第一：美国科学杂志发表这一论文是想研究什么问题？研究的思路及技术路线怎样设计？研究方法？

第二：如果这种研究方法可以称为研究范式的话，管理学科能否借鉴这一范式，为什么？

第三：你觉得博士生应该主要做些什么工作？你认为自己具备哪些素质可以成为一名合格的博士生？

第二大题（20分）

20XX年国家自然科学基金，CEO，关于中国特色领导力理论。。。项目经费150万元，估计历时4年。（记不清了）

问题：课题的申请需要依靠现有的理论。如果你是课题组的一员，你觉得可以用哪些理论。

第三大题（20分）

中国工商管理学科经历了追随型研究，模仿型研究，修正型研究到创新性研究的发展，这是一种进步。请回答什么是追随型研究，模仿型研究，修正型研 究。第四大题（20分）

材料一：近年来，企业寿命周期变短，由20世纪70年代的30年缩短到。。，缩短到21世纪的15到20年。

材料二：下图是16岁年轻人和60岁老年人的红细胞图。

阅读材料，请提出一个你认为值得研究的问题，并简要分析原因。

第五篇：考博英语优秀

中科院博士研究生英语写作分析及范文

1999.3

2000.3

2001.3

2002.3

2002.10

2003.3

2003.10

2004.3

2005.3 题目解析：

“如何减少交通事故?”这道作文题目简洁明了，比较容易把握。正确地理解本题最重要的是抓住题眼，也就是“如何”这个词。本题十分明确地要求考生专门讨论解决某一现象或问题的具体措施，而有的考生没能紧紧围绕解决办法多着笔墨，而去分析交通事故这个问题背后的根源，显然无法取得理想的成绩。范文：

With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people.In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person.Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment.We need traffic police to be responsible for their job.If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousness of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterness.As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving.As walkers, they should not cross the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents.I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment.(220 words)

2006.3 题目解析：

本题首先列出了一个现实生活中的现象：中国虽然拥有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，却至今没能培养出一名诺贝尔奖获得者。针对这一现象，题目的要求是十分具体的，就是去分析这种现象背后的根源。换句话说，对原因的挖掘是本题的重点。

范文：

Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries.However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far.In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals’ creativity.Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient.Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students’ ability to solve difficult problems.Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world.In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe.In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries.As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development.Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas.At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries.For instance, the clone technology was first explored by scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing.Our educational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered.Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel Prize winners.(298 words)