多校考博英语（5篇材料）

第一篇：多校考博英语

南京大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题

31.When the eye of the hurricane paused over there was a lull in the storm.[ A ] fresh out, burst [ B ] calm interval [ C ]rise in the wind [ D ] freshening, 32, The officer indicted the suspect for sabotage.[ A ] allowed [ B ] ordered [ C ] beseeched [ D ] charged 33.It was the very position that they scrambled for.[ A ] aspired [ B ] fought [ C ] searched [ D ] longed 34.He promised that he would write legibly.[ A ] in accordance with law [ B ] easily to be read [ C ] not in accordance with law [ D ] difficult to be read 35.The rock was poised on the edge of the cliff.[ A ] balanced [ B ] dangling [ C ] enhanced [ D ] perpendicular 36.He reciprocated by wishing her a pleasant journey.[ A ] cut off [ B ] got back [ C ]] gave in return [ D ] put back 37.No remnants of the settlement of Roanoke were found by the next group of colonists.[ A] traces [ B ] survivors [ C ] buildings [ D ] implements 38.When the bell rang, the chemistry student jerked her hand.[A] abruptly pulled [ B ] clapped [ C ] gently moved [ D] rubbed 39.He is dubious about the success of the plan.[A] ambiguous [ B ] articulate [ C ] indifferent [ D ] doubtful 40.In the 197O's, many governments' efforts to curb inflation were unsuccessful.[ A ]resist [ B ] induce [ C ] sustain [ D ] control 41.The movie critic said that Airplane, the parody of disaster movies, was hilarious.[ A ] suspensible [ B ] noisily merry [ C ] realistic [ D ] very tragic 42.In spite of medical advances, that disease is usually fatal.[ A ] curable [ B ] painful [ C ] deadly [ D ] disabling 43.The sculptor, Lorenzo Ghiberti, blended medieval grace with Renaissance realism.[A] produced [ B ] combined [ C ] invented [ D] discovered 44.Pilfering by company employees costs many businesses thousands of dollars each year.[ A ] absent-mindedness [ B ] stealing [ C ] tardiness [ D ] ignorance 45.His special character impeded his ability to speak in front of large groups of people.[ A ] hindered [ B ] halted [ C ] accelerated [ D ] fostered Section B Directions: Questions 46--60 are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.46.The school could no__ building apartments for the staff members.[ A ] run out [ B ] run out of [C] run to ID] run into 47.We had to wait some time before the menu was brought to us and our orders___ [ A ] taken [ B ] given [ C ] done [ D ] made 48.Anthropology can be an subject.[ A ] abstemious [ B ] abstruse [ C ] ambidextrous [ D ] ambience 49.The Chairman of our dramatic society was in the middle of phoning me when we were IAI cut in {B] cut off ICI cut down ID] cut out 50, Accidents and exhaustion may force more than half the cyclists to drop out ~fore reaching the IAI dead line [ B ] end line [C] finish line ID] finishing line 51, The well-meaning lady always her opinions into matters of no concern to her.[ A ] obtruded [ B ] intruded [ C J extruded [ D ] protruded 52.If you keep getting wrong numbers, your phone could be IAI deceptive [ B ] defective ICI deficient ID] ineffective 53.Researchers claim it's all the high-rises in this area that make the on television sets so poor.[ A] station [ B ] reception [ C ] programmed [ D] quality 54.The light of day can be seen at about four o'clock.[ A ] incipient [ B ] incisive [ C ] incestuous [ D] incite 55.After spending so many days lost in the desert, he was suffering from severe [A] hyper hydration [ B ] hypo hydration [ C ] sub hydration [ D ] dehydration 56.Henry Adams Joseph Williams as the Ambassador to Russia.[ A ] supervised [ B ] superseded [ C ] superconductor [ D ] supercharged 57.The highest mountain in New Zealand, Mount Cook, is now 10 feet shorter because some of the__ at its top slid down in 1991.[ A ] land [ B ] soil [C] earth [ D ] dirt 58.When Ken studied at Stanford University, he lived the University.[ A ] out of [ B ] apart from IC] distant from [ D ] a long way from 59.On that bitterly cold winter night ,few people walked along the now narrow street.[ A ] deserted [ B ] lonely [ C ] isolated [ D ] neglected 60.The Sears Company recently made because of financial troubles.[ A ] cuts [B] demands ICI omissions ID] orders Part IH STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION(10%)Directions: In questions 61--70, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases.The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked

A, B, C and D.Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.61.People lived at the mid-level and mountain slopes experienced the greatest catastrophe when the incessant rain caused a sudden land-slide over the area.62.The course leader requests that all theses are handed in before 5 0 p.m.next Friday.63.The group of spectators was dispersed by the police who was at the scene of the accident within minutes.64.Why don't you try your hand at printing, now that you have retired job.65.Only by this means you can do what is expected of you.66.The committee have decided at its annual meeting that new regulation regarding this phenomenon be imposed as soon as possible.67.No bank keeps enough cash paying all its depositors in full at one time.'

68.In his responses to the advertisement, Ed replied that he was looking for a full-time position not part-time one.69.While still a young boy Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew elder, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.70.The house has been vacant for a year when the new tenant arrived bringing with him several pets.Part IV CLOZE TEST(10 %)Directions: For each blank for questions 71--80 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Several regions in the world are subject 71 storms which are so severe

that they 72 damage on a tremendous scale.The regions where this 73 are all located on the edges of great oceans.The general term for such severe storms is “cyclone.” The term “hurricane” is 74 for storms that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious way-in a cyclone, the wind circulates 75 a clock-wise direction;in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise.76 cyclones mid hurricanes have one ominous similarity.From the point of view of the damage they cause on land and at sea, they are identical.Australia 77 a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia.The cyclones occur mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere.Usually the Australian cyclones don't cause great damage because Australia's northern territory has vast, empty regions that are virtually unpopulated.There are few coastal cities.When a cyclone does move 78 from the sea, it usually blows itself out without striking any inhabited area or causing extensive damage.However, in 1971 the small city of Townville was 79 devastated by a cyclone.There was public outcry about it.People demanded an adequate warning system.Ever since then, the Meteorological Bureau has regularly issued alarms 80 every serious cyclone.71.IA] to [ B] for [C] of ID] on 72.IAI suffer [BI devastate ICI cause ID] make 73.[ A] is happened [ B ] happens [ C ] is happening [ D ] will happen 74.IAI called [BI named [C] reserved ID] defined 75.[A] at [B] under [C] for ID] in 76.[ A] But [ B] Therefore [ C] Besides [ D] And 77.[ A ] culminates [ B ] undergoes [ C ] undertakes [ D ] experiences 78.[ A ] into the land [ B ] inlands [ C ] inland [ D ] through land 79.[ A ] slightly [ B ] hardly [ C ] scarcely [ D ] completely 80.[A] in spit of [ B] regardless of [C] in front of [DJ in advance of Part V READING COMPREHENSION(20%)Directions: In this section you will read five passages.Each one is followed by several questions about it.For questions 81--100,you are to choose the one best answer A,B,C or D to each question.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Passage One If you are buying a property in France, whether for a permanent or a holiday home, it is important to open a French bank account.Although it is possible to exist on traveler‟s cheques, Eurocheques and cred it cards issued by British banks, the fees for these services can be expensive.The simplest way to pay regular bills, such as electricity, gas or telephone, particularly when you are not in residence, is by direct debit(a sum withdrawn from an account)from your French account.To open a current account, you will need to show your passport and birth certificate and to provide your address in the United Kingdom.You will be issued with a cheque book within weeks of opening the account.In France it is illegal to be overdrawn.All accounts must be operated in credit.However, there are no bank charges.Note that cheques take longer to clear in France than in Britain, and can only be stopped if stolen or lost.The easiest way to transfer money from a British bank account to a French one is by bank transfer: simply provide your British bank with the name, address and number of your French bank account.The procedure takes about a week and costs between 7 and 40 for each transaction, depending on your British bank.Alternatively, you can transfer money via a French bank in London.You can also send a sterling cheque(allow at least 12 days for the cheque to be cleared),Eurocheques or traveler‟s cheques.Finally, it is a good idea to make a friend of your French bank manager.His help can prove invaluable.81.If you buy a property in France, you can save money by [ A] having a French bank account [ B ] transferring money from Britain [ C ] cashing traveler‟s cheques or Eurocheques [ D ] using credit cards issued by British banks 82.One advantage French banks have over British banks is that [ A ] you may take out more money than is in the account.[ B ] the interest rates on bank accounts are higher [ C ] cheques are dealt with more rapidly [ D ] you do not have to pay for services 83.The swiftest way to send money from England to France is [ A ] to forward an English cheque to your French bank [ B ] to go to a French bank in London [C ] to use a cashier's cheque.[ D ] to arrange a bank transfer.84.The best title for this passage is [ A ] How to Open a French Bank Account [ B ] The Difference between Banking in Britain and France [ C ] The Way to Transfer Money from Britain to France [ D] A Guide to Banking in France Passage Two Does a drink a day keep heart attacks away? Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have found that moderate alcohol consumption say，one or two beers, glasses of wine or cocktails daily helps to prevent coronary heart disease.Last week a report in the New England Journal of Medicine added strong new evidence in support of that theory.More important, the work provided the first solid indication of how alcohol works to protect the heart.In the study, researchers from Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School compared the drinking habits of 340 men and women who had suffered recent heart attacks with those of healthy people of the same age and sex.The scientists found that people who sip one to three drinks a day are about haft as likely to suffer heart attacks as nondrinkers are.The apparent source of the protection: those who drank 'alcohol had higher blood levels of high-density lipoproteins, the so-called good cholesterol ,which is known to repel heart disease.As evidence has mounted, some doctors have begun recommending a daily drink for patients of heart diseases.But most physicians are not ready to recommend a regular happy hour for everyone.The risks of teetotal ling are nothing compared with the dangers of too much alcohol, including high blood pressure, strokes and liver troubles not to mention violent behavior and traffic accidents.Moreover, some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer, Until there is evidence that the benefits of a daily dose of alcohol outweigh the risks, most people won't be able to take a doctor's prescription to the neighborhood bar or liquor store.85.The medical article quoted in the passage demonstrates [ A ] the way in which alcohol can help the heart [ B ] how a couple of cocktails daily can stop heart problems [ C ] why alcoholic drinks are dangerous to one's health [ D] that reports on the advantages of alcohol were misfounded 86.Experiments showed that nondrinkers had [ A ] larger amounts of good cholesterol [ B ] smaller amounts of good cholesterol [ C ] higher blood pressure [ D ] lower blood pressure 87.According to the passage, moderate drinking [ A ] is recommended by most doctors for heart patients [ B ] should be allowed on prescription [ C ] is still not medically advisable [ D] is not related to liver problems 88.The main theme of this passage is [ A ] the change in recent drinking habits [ B ] the connection between cancer and alcohol [ C ] whether moderate drinkers outlive nondrinkers [ D] whether alcohol may be good for your health Passage Three

In its 16 years, the London Marathon has acquired a pedigree of excellence.That excellence is not just the awesome energy of the best runners and the smoothness of the organization, but also the quality of determination shown by all the competitors, male and female, able-bodied and disabled.When more than 26,000 gather at Greenwich tomorrow morning, only a few will be in the running to win the big prize money.The success of this event is that most of the athletes would be prepared to pay serious money just for the privilege of running the 26 miles 385 yards to The Mall past the most famous urban scenery in the world.The London Marathon has become one of Britain's leading sports events.Since 1981 ,something like 45 million has been raised in individual sponsorship for charities.Tomorrow hundreds and thousands of people will line the route to cheer and to gasp in sympathetic participation.Millions will watch on television.Although they will be excited by the struggle for first place, they will also identify with the ordinary person trying to fulfils his or her physical potential.Many spectators will wonder whether next year they could complete the historic distance.That is how athletic dreams are born.If the London Marathon and the growth in interest in physical fitness have transformed the lives of many adults, it is also important that children should have the opportunity to fulfils their ability in individual competitive sports.Team games should be an essential ingredient of physical education in the national curriculum.However, coexisting with the playing of team games there should be an equal emphasis on the importance of individual competitive sports at all levels in schools.The Government must be careful that in insisting on the value of team games in schools, it does not ignore the value of individual activities, which are practiced throughout the world and form the basis of the Olympic Games.Many of the runners in the London Marathon tomorrow have found courage, fulfillment and fitness through training for the event.These are qualities that schoolchildren can, and should, acquire through a variety of demanding individual activities in physical education.89.In order to enter the Marathon, participants must [ A ] pay an entrance fee

[ B ] assemble in one specific area [ C ] be able to run 26 miles,385 yards [ D ] compete for the right to take part 90, The main attraction of the Marathon for non-participants is [ A ] the amount of money raised for charity [ B ] the chance to take part the following year [ C ] witnessing the contestants' determination [ D ] a concern with the race's history

91.According to the passage, which of the following is true [ A] Individual sports are as important as team games.[ B ] Individual sports are more important than team games.[ C ] Individual sports are less important than team games.[ D ] It is hard to say which is less or more important.92.According to the writer, the Government's policy on physical education [ A ] should not promote team games at all [ B ] upholds the principles of the Olympic Games [ C ] is active in producing successful Marathon participants [ D ] should encourage those qualities pursued by Marathon participants Passage Four On the track, the form embodies power, each curve and line is molded for speed, For the man at the wheel is the fastest athlete in the world today: Linford Christie, European, Commonwealth and World champion, who has just taken delivery of his new car, the latest version of the Toyota Supra.It is a conspicuously fast car.The result perfectly matches Christie's own character, and shares his inability to compromise when it comes to delivering performance.The Supra, priced a few pence short of 39, 000, is rumored to be capable of 180 mph, but the speed is artificially limited to 155 mph.From a standing start, it can reach 60 mph in under five seconds.The Supra might raise Christie's profile with the police, but if he is pulled over nowadays it is usually by an officer seeking a chat and an autograph rather than anything more official.After an incident in 1988 when he was stopped, he prosecuted the police and won ~ 30, 000 compensation for wrongful arrest.Safety is high on the list of Supra extras, with driver and passenger airbags: antilock braking;electronic traction control to avoid wheel spin;side-impact door beams;and a steering column that collapses to protect the driver in an accident.Then there is the six speed gearbox;cruise control;air-conditioning alarm and immobilizer.Christie ,the British athletics team captain since i990, will enjoy the comfort of the Supra during a hectic few weeks this June and July when he visits Sheffield, Wales, Gateshead, Wrexham, Edinburgh, Crystal Palace, and then Gateshead again, as his season builds towards the Commonwealth Games in August and the World Cup in September.93.The Supra is a suitable car for Linford Christie because [ A ] it is an expensive model [ B ] it has high standards ICI it helps promote sports ID] it is very safe 94.On the subject of speed, the car can travel [ A ] at a maximum of 180 mph [ B ] at the same speed as the previous

model [ C ] at a maximum of 155 mph [ D ] faster than the previous model 95.Nowadays if Christie is stopped by the police it is [ A ] because he drives very fast [ B ] because he is not a thoughtful driver ICI often for informal reasons ID] due to what happened in 1988 96.According to the writer the Supra's most outstanding feature is its [ A ] six-speed gearbox [ B ] alarm system

[ C ] air conditioning [ D] safety features Passage Five Cart Van Ands, managing editor of the New York Times, believed in “hard” news, thoroughly and accurately presented.A tireless worker, he often stayed at the office all night.He was there at 1:20 a.m.on April 15,19i2 ,when a distress signal came in from Newfoundland that the pride of Britain's passenger fleet, the Titanic ,was in trouble.The new ship, believed unsinkable, had hit an iceberg and was in some kind, of danger.But was it really serious or just a narrow escape? Had the passengers needed to abandon ship? Van Ands could not tell from the short and confusing message.Although he was generally considered a conservative and cautious man, Van Ands gambled on the unthinkable that the Titanic was sinking.He threw his staff into action;the story was approached from all angles.Some reporters put together lists of famous persons on board;others turned out features about the ship and other important passenger liners;still others did stories on similar sea disasters.In other words, Van Ands and the Times went all the way with the story;they played it big.At other newspapers, editors were more cautious, inserting such words as “rumored” here and there.Van Anda's three-column headline reflected the sureness that has marked the Times throughout its history: NEW LINER HITS ICEBERG;SINKING BY THE BOW AT MIDNIGHT;WOMEN PUT OFF IN LIFEBOATS;LAST WIRELESS 12:27 A.M.Officials of the White Star Line, which owned the Titanic, had been releasing optimistic statements all during the day of April 15 ,and did not confirm Van Anda's story until the evening of April 16.Van Anda's final edition, which went to press about three hours after the Times had received the first brief wireless report, stated flatly that the Titanic had sunk.This was perhaps a great risk on Van Anda's part and his “deductive journalism” may have shocked many, but it remains as one of the great against-a-deadline news coverage feats in all journalism.97.“He was there at 1:20 A.M.on April 15,1912,when a distress signal came in from Newfoundland that the pride of Britain's passenger fleet，the Titanic, was in trouble.”Which of the following statements is true? [ A ] Newfoundland was the pride of Britain's passenger fleet.[ B ] The Titanic was part of Britain's passenger fleet.[ C ] Britain's passenger fleet was in trouble.[D] Newfoundland was in distress.98.“Although he was generally considered a conservative and cautious man, Van Ands gambled on the unthinkable that the Titanic was sinking.”This means that [ A ] Van Anda was thought to be careless [ B ] Van Anda didn't think the Titanic was sinking [ C ] Van Anda took a chance [ D ] Van Anda gambled on the Titanic

99.“Van Anda's three-column headline reflected the sureness that has marked the Times throughout its history.”This means that [ A ] the Times has been serf-assured [ B J the Times is thorough [ C ] the history of the Times is reflected in its headlines [ D ] the Times has a distinguished record 100.“Officials of the White Star Line, which owned the Titanic ,had been releasing optimistic statements all during the day of April 15 ,and did not confirm Van Anda's story until the evening of April 16.” This means that [ A ] the owners of the Titanic did not at first send out accurate reports [ B ] the owners of the Titanic quickly admitted it was sinking [ C ] the owners of the Titanic did not confirm Van Anda's story [ D ] the owners of the Titanic did not think the Titanic would sink Part VI TRANSLATION(30 %)Section A Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese.Modern science has opened up the path for the progress of production techniques and determined the direction of their development.Many new instruments of production and technological processes first see the light of day in the scientific laboratories.A series of newborn industries have been founded on the basis of newly-emerged disciplines of science and technology.Of course there are, and there will be, many theoretical research topics with no practical application in plain sight for the time being.However a host of historical facts have proved that once a major breakthrough is scored in theoretical research, it means tremendous progress for production and technology sooner or later.Contemporary natural sciences are being applied to production on an unprecedented scale and at a higher speed than ever before.This has given all fields of material production an entirely new look.In particular, the development of electronic computers and automation technology is raising the degree of automation in production.With the same amount of

manpower and in the same number of work-hours, people can turn out scores or hundreds of times more products than before.How is it that the social productive forces have made such tremendous advances and how is it that labor productivity has increased by such a big margin7 Mainly through the power of science ,the power of technology.Therefore ,we maintain that the development of modern science and technology has linked science and production even closer together.As part of the productive forces, science and technology are coming to p1ay an even greater role than ever before.中国科学院——英语2001年博士研究生入学考试试题

中科院2001年博士英语入学试题

中国科学院

博士学位研究生入学考试

英语试题

2001年3月

考生须知：

一、本次考试题卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。试卷一为90道客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用另一答题纸。

二、请一律用HB或2B铅笔涂写标准化机读答题纸，修改时请用橡皮擦干净。若误用其它笔种而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。

三、请按答题注意事项要求逐项填涂标准化机读答题纸。涂写不得过细或过短。

四、请保持标准化机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。切忌折叠。

五、本考卷满分为100分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。分值及时间分布如下：

试卷一：

听力 1 5 分 20分钟

结构词汇 1 5 分 25分钟

综合填空 1 5 分 15分钟

阅读 3 0 分 60分钟

小计 7 5 分 120分钟

试卷二：

汉译英 1 0 分 2 5分钟

写作 1 5 分 3 5分钟

小计 2 5 分 60分钟

The Chinese Academy of Sciences

English Entrance Examination-For Doctoral Candidates

March 2001

PAPER ONE

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(20 minutes, 15 points)

（略）

PART II STRUCTURE & VOCABULARY(25 minutes, 15 points)

Section A(0.5 point each)

Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16.He gave me a lot of help in my work, so I have to my success to him.A.grant B.ascribe

C.commit D.submit

17.It is well known that the first can only work hard planting young trees for a new business, while the following people may obtain the successful fruits.A.practitioners B.amateurs

C.forerunners D.managers

18.The honest journalist has kept investigating that high rank official for a long time, and he felt very happy when that fellow's corrupt scandal at last.A.got to light B.stood in light

C.came to light D.looked in light

19.The Minister's answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A.impressive B.evasive

C.intensive D.amusive

20.The old gentleman to be an old friend of his grandfather's.A.turned in B.turned over

C.turned up D.turned out

21.The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not for re-election.A.admirable B.eligible

C.reliable D.capable

22.I feel very sad that the young man's energetic initiative with nothing in the experiment, for he met a lot of interference from the powerful authority.A.burned up B.tuned up

C.pushed up D.ended up

23.We were politely an armed guard and warned not to take pictures.A.assigned B.allowed

C.accepted D.assisted

24.The recovery and of the country's economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in attractive locations.A.renewal B.revival

C.recession D.relief

25.In fact the purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the Singapore pension.A.equivalent B.similar

C.consistent D.identical

26.It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be as to their motive in making contact.A.seen through B.checked out

C.touched on D.accounted to

27.According to *** boxing reporter Mike Costello, just as there is worldwide with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.A.passion B.attraction

C.emotion D.fascination

28.Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their aspects.A.potential B.social

C.essential D.partial

29.any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.A.Take the most of B.Keep the most of

C.Have the most of D.Make the most of '

30.There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly.A.let alone B.let out

C.let down D.let on

31.Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become to her economy and politics over forty years' association.A.integral B.unilateral

C.rational D.hierarchical

32.With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words carefully the search engine will never make the correct match.A.because B.whereas

C.provided D.otherwise

33.The child should always the same basic procedure: seeing the whole

word--hearing and pronouncing--writing from memory.A.go through B.take over

C.respond to D.carry off'

34.That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3-12 years old what hotel they are staying in.A.regardless in B.regardless of

C.regardless on D.regardless from

35.Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been with requests for money from all sides.A.devastated B.smashed

C.bombarded D.cracked

Section B(0.5 point each)

Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D.Indicate which Of the four parts is incorrectly used.Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36.The opinion polls were showing(A)76 percent of the responders(more concerned about the shambles of American education(C)than about any other problem on(D)the political agenda.37.Kenny G is not a musician(A)I really had much of(an opinion about him(C)until recently(D).38.I was twenty-five years old, and I'd just been laid down(A)from my job as division(manager at(C)a mortgage banking(D)firm.39.We knew so little(A)about equipments(, disposal(C)techniques, the whole thing(D).40.It was so disgusted(A), and somewhat hazardous(, not to mention(C)a huge hassle and monetary expense(D).41.Of course, I am aware of(A)what he has played since(, the success he has had(C), and the controversy(D)has surrounded him among musicians and serious listeners.42.That抯 not saying(A)it's easy, though(.There are definitely(C)jobs that wore on(D)you.43.Perhaps not surprisingly(A), the colleagues whom I thought less high(, and whom I portrayed less admiringly(C), did not share my view(D).44.The Times, financially(A)successful it may be(, is a powerful but(C), at this moment, not very healthy institution(D).45.Having imposed temporary sentences(A)of unprecedented(severity on the five defendants who pleaded guilt(C), the judge told them that their actual sentences might depend on their cooperation with(D)subsequent investigations.PART III CLOZE TEST(15 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column.Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.When we think about addiction to drags or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking.46 the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” that normal life does not 47.It is only the inability to function 48 the addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and a.49 inability to function normally without it.Thus a person will take two or three 50 at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesn't feel 51 without them..52 does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to 53 it in order to function normally.He needs to repeat it again and again.Something about that particular experience makes life without it 54 complete.Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, 55 under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly 56.The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied.The organism may be 57 _sated, but soon it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction is58 a harmless pursuit of pleasure by Its distinctly destructive elements.A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.60 an alcoholic's life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.46.A.Hence B.Because

C.And yet D.Moreover

47.A.supply B.resume

C.accept D.prevent

48.A.except B.without

C.with D.besides

49.A.frustrating B.surprising

C.unchanging D.increasing

50.A.drags B.drinks

C.doses D.draughts

51.A.normal B.content

C.delighted D.spirited

52.A.A drugtaker B.The addicted

C.An addict D.The drugger

53.A.perform B.make

C.experience D.initiate

54.A.other than B.rather than

C.more than D.less than

55.A.while B.thus

C.even if D.for

56.A.distorted B.rectified

C.exaggerated D.improved

57.A.eventually B.temporarily

C.accordingly D.subsequently

58.A.identical with B.consistent with

C.separated from D.distinguished from

59.A.destructive B.Dissatisfied

C.damaged D.derivative

60.A.Similarly B.Conversely

C.Naturally D.Generally

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION(60 minutes, 30 points)

Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements.Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1

It took no time at all for the native Americans who first greeted Christopher Columbus to be all but erased from the face of the earth.For about a thousand years the peaceful people known as the Taino had thrived in modem-day Cuba and many other islands.But less than 30 years after Columbus' arrival, the Taino would be destroyed by Spanish weaponry, forced labor and European diseases.Unlike their distant cousins, the Inca, Aztecs and Maya, the Taino left no pyramids or temples-no obvious signs that they had ever existed.But it is a mistake to assume-as many scholars have until quite recently that the absence of abundant artifacts meant the Taino were necessarily more primitive than the grander civilizations of Central and South America.They simply used less durable materials: the Taino relied on wood for building and most craftwork, and much of what they made has disintegrated over the centuries.However, thanks largely to two remarkable digs undertaken recently, archaeologists will be able to enrich their knowledge of the Taino.In a village on the northern coast of Cuba, a Canadian-Cuban team discovered the nearly intact remains of a Taino dwelling buried in the dirt.This site may have been one of the Taino's major centers.Meanwhile, deep in the forests of the Dominican Republic, a U.S.-Dominican team has also made an important discovery: a 240-ft.-deep Taino cenote, or ceremonial well, where hundreds of objects.thrown in as offerings have been preserved in the oxygen-poor Water.It will take a much longer time to understand the Taino fully, but they have been rescued from the ignoble status of footnotes in the chapter of history that began with the arrival of Columbus.61.The main idea of Paragraph 1 is

A.Christopher Columbus returned the Taino's greeting with cruelty.B.The Europeans' coming brought an end to the existence of the Taino.C.The Taino once prosperous in modem-day Cuba now has no trace on earth.D.Spanish weaponry would have crashed the Taino but for Columbus' arrival.62.It is assumed the Taino had a comparatively low civilization mostly because

A.the Taino had produced no written records.B.the Taino had built no pyramids mid temples.C.there has been little wooden structure the Taino relied on.D.there has been few remains showing the life of the Taino's.63.Which statement is true concerning the Taino?

A.They were enslaved by foreign invaders.B.They were more warlike than other Indians.C.They were the most short-lived of all the civilizations.D.They were buried deep in the dirt or oxygen-poor water.64.What does the italicized word ”ignoble“(in the last sentence)probably mean?

A.unfortunate B.unsuccessful

C.unpromising D.unworthy

Passage 2

Already lasers can obliterate skin blemishes, topically applied drugs can smooth facial lines and injected agents can remove deep wrinkles.Future products will be faster, borer and longer lasting.”New substances will be developed by entrepreneurs,“ says Brian Mayou, an aesthetic plastic surgeon, ”that will be more successful than liquid silicone that we use today to eradicate wrinkles.“ The next major breakthrough, says Mel Brahmn, plastic surgeon and chief executive of the Harley Medical Group, will be laser treatment that needs no recovery period.Nicholas Lowe, clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Los Angeles, adds: ”There will be more efficient anti-oxidants to help reduce sun damage and aging.There will also be substances that increase the production of new collagen and elastic tissue to maintain the elasticity of youthful skin.“

Lee Shreider, a research cosmetic chemist, says that we may be able to look better without any kind of operation as semi-permanent make-up gets better.”Crooked noses will be improved by effectively sealing on shaded colors that either enhance or subdue areas of the face.We will be able to straighten eyebrows and lips making the face more symmetrical-which remains one of the keys to beauty~and even close blocked pores with permanent, custom-designed foundation.“

The development of the safe sun tan is a potential gold mine.Being

researched at the University of Arizona, but a long way from reality, is the injectable tan.Professor Lowe is optimistic: ”There will almost certainly be a safe way of developing a sunless tan that protects against sun damage.In animal research, we've applied creams to guinea pigs that can actually 'turn on' some of the genes that produce pigmentation without any sunlight exposure.“

65.What is the main topic of the passage?

A.Inventions in cosmetology.B.New discovery in face-filling.C.A bright future for facial make-up.D.The development of beauty culture.66.According to the passage, what has been used to remove deep wrinkles?

A.Applied drugs.B.Liquid silicone.C.Laser treatment.D.Anti-oxidant.67.Paragraph 4 suggests that one could improve effectively one's appearance concerning the nose, eyebrows, lips, etc.A.by applying certain lotions.B.by having a beauty operation.C.by changing the face shape.D.by blocking several pores.68.As implied in the last paragraph, the injectable tan is being researched to meet the demand of the people who

A.refuse to be exposed to the sun.B.refuse to apply suntan creams.C.want to get a tan for beauty.D.want to try gene pigmentation.Passage 3

There are faults which age releases us from, and there are virtues, which turn to vices with the lapse of years.The worst of these is thrift, which m early and middle life is wisdom and duty to practice for a provision against destitution.As time goes on this virtue is apt to turn into the ugliest, cruelest, shabbiest of the vices.Then the victim of it finds himself storing past all probable need of saving for himself or those next him, to the deprivation of the remoter kin of the race.In the earlier time when gain was symbolized by gold or silver, the miser had a sensual joy in the touch, of his riches, m hearing the coins clink In their fall through his fingers, and m gloating upon their increase sensible to the hand and eye.Then the miser had his place among the great figures of misdoing;he was of a dramatic effect, like a murderer or a robber;and something of this bad distinction clung to him even when his coins had changed to paper currency, the clean, white notes of the only English bank, or the greenbacks of our innumerable banks of issue;but when the sense of fiches had been transmuted to the balance in his favor at his banker's, or the bonds in his drawer at the safety-deposit vault, all splendor had gone out of his ~ice.His bad eminence was gone, but he clung to the lust of gain which had ranked trim with the picturesque wrong-doers, and which only ruin from without could save him from, unless he gave his remnant of strength to saving himself from it.Most aging men are sensible of all this, but few have the frankness of that aging man who once said that he who died rich died disgraced, and died the other day in the comparative poverty of fifty millions.69.This short passage is mainly to tell that

A.man becomes increasingly greedy when getting old.B.a miser can be honest if he does no wrong act.C.age can help convert some virtue into a vice.D.misers all started from trying to be thrifty.70.According to the passage, one is thought vicious when he

A.gathers up money at the sacrifice of all his family members.B.practices endless thrifty to guard his people from poverty.C.stores continuously for his own and his relatives' needs.D.saves too much but wouldn't spend it for the necessary.71.The italicized expression ”gloating upon“ probably means

A.thinking with slight guilt.B.seeing with much satisfaction.C.touching with great awe.D.hearing with little delight.72.The passage implies that what could stop a miser from lusting for money might be

A.his frankness.B.his eminence.C.his death.D.his glory.73.The words ”in the comparative poverty of fifty millions“ at the end of the passage suggests a notion that

A.stinginess may cause a very rich man to die very pitiful.B.rich people may still take 50 million as comparatively little.C.one remains discontent with all he's gained until his death.D.the rich are inconsiderate of the majority that live in poverty.Passage 4

If a mother pushes her small son in a swing, giving only a light force each

time he returns, eventually he will be swinging quite high.The child can do this for himself by using his legs to increase the motion, but both the mother's push and the child's leg movements must occur at the proper moment, or the extent of the swing will not increase.In physics, increasing the swing is increasing the amplitude;the length of the rope on the swing determines its natural oscillation period.This ability of an object to move periodically or to vibrate when stimulated by a force operating in its natural period is called resonance.Resonance is observed many times without consciously thinking about it;for example, one may find an annoying vibration or shimmy in an automobile, caused by a loose engine mount vibrating with increasing amplitude because of an out-of-round tire.The bulge on the tire slaps the pavement with each revolution;at the natural resonance point~ of the engine mount, it will begin to vibrate.Such vibrations can result in considerable damage if allowed to persist.Anther destructive example of resonance is the shattering of a crystal goblet by the production of a musical tone at the natural resonant point of the goblet.The energy of the sound waves causes vibration in the glass;as its amplitude increases, the motion in the glass exceeds the elasticity of the goblet, and it shatters.An instrument called a tachometer makes use of the principle of resonance.It consists of many tiny bars, loosely fastened together and arranged so that each bar can slide independently of the others.Movement of the bars causes changes in a dial.When placed next to a rotating motor or engine, the tachometer picks up slight vibrations which are transferred to the resonant bars.These bars begin to move, and the resulting dial may be read to find the revolutions per minute of the motor very quickly.74.An object, if moving rhythmically when stimulated in a natural period, is said to

A.vibrate.B.resonate.C.swing.D.oscillate.75.The distance a swing moves from its resting position is called its

A.revolution.B.movement.C.frequency.D.amplitude.76.A tachometer is an instrument that uses resonance to determine

A.the speed of a motor in revolutions.B.the frequency at which a motor vibrates.C.the amplitude of an engine that oscillates.D.the changes in a dial within a car engine.77.An annoying vibration can be caused at the natural resonance of the car's engine mount

A.if the engine moves too fast.B.if the engine's amplitude increases.C.if a tire gets out of balance.D.if a damage occurs in the engine.78.In which of the following cases is it useful to consider the relationship between the length of an oscillating object and its natural period?

A.Adjusting the speed of a car.B.Adjusting a clock pendulum.C.Adjusting tire balance.D.Adjusting engine mounts.Passage 5

I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's(1994)article on high illiteracy rates among women and

school dropout rates among girls.According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life.Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized.Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria.She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work.Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?

Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition.Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group.To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of ”sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings“.Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group.It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test.Shor(1993)describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators.Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?

79.A literacy animator is one who

A.struggles for a more meaningful life.B.frees people from poverty and illiteracy.C.is committed to marginalize the illiterate.D.is concerned with what is behind illiteracy.80.The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way

A.promote students' home languages.B.force students to accept their culture.C.teach nothing but reading and writing.D.consider literacy as of non-neutral nature.81.Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to

A.teach American customs and ideology.B.make a choice of culture to be fostered.C.reject the values of the dominant class.D.help maintain Nigerian language and culture.82.According to the author, ”choral reading“ may represent

A.individualism.B.collectivism.C.competition.D.immersion.83.Animator ideology emphasizes more

A.the social function of literacy.B.students?performance in tests.C.the dominant group's language.D.the attainment of life skills.84.It is implied by the author that, because of the kind of teacher education in the US, teachers there tend to ignore

A.constant development of new teaching approaches.B.using their own wisdom in problem-solving.C.talented performances of minority students.D.community-based literacy enhancement.Passage 6

Scientists have known for more than two, decades that cancer is a disease of the genes.Something scrambles the DNA inside a nucleus, and suddenly, instead of dividing in a measured fashion, a cell begins to copy itself furiously.Unlike an ordinary cell, it never stops.But describing the process isn't the same as figuring it out.Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way.So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous-always without success.According to a report in the current issue of Nature, a team of scientists based at M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research has finally managed to make human cells malignant---a feat they accomplished with two different cell types by inserting just three altered genes into their DNA.While these manipulations were done only in lab dishes and won't lead to any immediate treatment, they appear to be a crucial step in understanding the disease.This is a ”landmark paper,“ wrote Jonathan Weitzman and Moshe Yaniv of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, in an accompanying commentary.The dramatic new result traces back to a breakthrough in 1983, when the Whitehead's Robert Weinberg and colleagues showed that mouse cells would become cancerous when subjected to two altered genes.But when they tried such alterations on human cells, they didn't work.Since then, scientists have learned that mouse cells differ from human cells in an important respect: they have higher levels of an enzyme called telomerase.That enzyme keeps caplike structures called telomeres on the ends of chromosomes from getting shorter with each round of cell division.Such shortening is part of a cell's aging process, and since cancer cells keep dividing forever, the Whitehead group reasoned that making human cells more mouselike might also make them cancerous.The strategy worked.The scientists took connective-tissue and kidney cells and introduce three altered genes---one that makes cells divide rapidly;another that disables two substances meant to rein in excessive division;and a third that promotes the production of telomerase, which made the cells essentially immortal.They'd created a tumor in a test tube.”Some people believed that telomerase wasn't that important,“ says the Whitehead's William Hahn, the study's lead author.”This allows us to say with some certainty that it is."

85.The problem that has been annoying cancer researchers for years is the difficulty in telling

A.how cancer cells are formed.B.why cancer cells never stop dividing.C.why normal cells can mm into cancer cells.D.how different normal cells are from cancer cells.86.Whitehead's scientists have succeeded in

A.developing malignant cells in human bodies.B.making normal human cells cancerous.C.controlling the change of human cells.D.changing the genes of cancer cells.87.In the 1983 experiment, human cells didn't work the way mouse cells did because the former

A.were easier to become aged.B.checked telomerase in dividing.C.had short ends of chromosomes.D.lacked telomeres for cell division.88.To make human cells more mouselike scientists tried

A.to subject them to two more genes.B.to keep the division from slowing down.C.to promote the production of telomerase.D.to prevent excessive cells copying.89.One key factor in creating tumor with human cells is

A.lengthening the ends of chromosomes.B.altering the structure of telomeres.C.increasing the levels of telomerase.D.modulating the cell dividing process.90.According to the passage, the Whitehead research has taken a big step in

A.understanding cancer.B.curing cancer disease.C.eliminating cancer.D.preventing cancer.PAPERTWO

PARTV TRANSLATION(25minutes，10points)

Directions：Put the following passage into English．Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.科学是开放的知识体系，是一种属于全人类的不断进步的文化。科学是历史的，也在不断改变、塑造自身的形象。只要科学以人类的最大福祉、人性的提升为目标，科学就能重塑自我，赢得人们的依赖。但对科学的尊重不能是盲目的，赶时髦的。科学对于生产力甚至赚钱都有帮助，但科学并不沦为一种经济手段，也不沦为利益竞争对手之间的筹码。

PARTVI WRITING(35minutes，15points)

Directions：Write an essay of at least l50words on the topic given below.31

Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.There is no denying that the average living standard of our country has greatly increased since the economic reform started20 years ago.However, neither is it deniable that there has been a growing contrast in income between the rich and the poor.What do you think of this contrast in our country? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details．

中国科学院——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题

PART Џ STRUCTURE&VOCABULARY(25minutes,15points)

sectionA(0.5 point eath)

direction: choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no __________ but to report him to the local police.A.time

B.chance

C.authority D.alternative

17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to __________regret.A.teem

B.brim with

C.come with

D.look with

18.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _______future behind him.A.splendid B.conspicuous

C.uproarious

D.imminent

19.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only _________necessity.A.within reach of

B.for fear of

C.by means of

D.in case

of

20.A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand of express the emotion that it _________in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A.reflects

B.retains

C.rouses

D.radiates

21.______________the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.A.Turn off

B.Turn over

C.Turn down

D.Turn up

22.Banks shall be unable to ___________,or claim relief against the first 15%of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A.write off B.put aside

C.shrink from

D.come over

23.I am to inform you ,that you may ,if you wish , attend the inquiry ,and at the inspectors discretion state your case _________or through an entrusted representative.A.in person B.in depth

C.in secret D.in excess

24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ___________,”being open to all kinds of art.A.gratifying

B.predominating

C.excelling

D.accommodating

25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _________the 1stgrade.A.leads

B.precedes

C.forwards

D.advances

26.Desert plants ________ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A.break down

B.fall into

C.differ in

D.refer to

27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _________ all other sounds.A.dwarfed

B.diminished

C.drowned

D.relative

28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _________ and should be avoided if possible.A.constructive

B.productive

C.descriptive

D.relative

29.The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the ____________ of investigations.A.case

B.chase

C.cause

D.course

30.Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.A.precede

B.recede C.concede

D.intercede

31.Such an _________act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt

B.episodic

C.ample

D.ultimate

32._________ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.A.Recreation

B.Transaction

C.Disclosure

D.Exposure

33.It would then be replaced by interim government, which would _________be replaced by a permanent government after four months.A.in step

B.in turn

B.in practice

D.in haste

34.Haven‟t I told you I don‟t want you keeping ____________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?

A.company B.acquaintance C.friends

D.place

35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _________ every cheat in the marketplace.A.at the mercy of

B.in lieu of

C.by courtesy of

D.for the price of

Section B(0.5 point each)

Directions : in each of the following sentences there are four parts

underlined and marked A, B, C, and D.Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used.Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36.The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods he is

A

B

C

D

selling.37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that have nothing

A

B

C

doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.D

38.A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary are on display

A

B

C

at the museum.D

39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.A

B

C

D

40.Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, make it more

A

B

C

difficult to sell U.S.exports.D

41.It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased world

A

B

C

population, have been caused by technological adcance.D

42.It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge

A

B

C

as subfected to uncivilized behavior.D

43.While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the overriding majority

A

B

C

since they are at heavy demand in the market.D

44.Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lure shoppers.A

B

C

D

45.The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection of

A

B

intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.C

D

PART3 CLOZE TEST(15minutes, 15 points)

Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test.Read the

passage through.Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage.Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition.As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change, One of the more obvious ___46____ has occurred in the roles that women 47.Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n)49

that is a haven for all family members.50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all, ” they often endoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles.As women‟s roles have changed, changing expectations about men‟s roles have become more 52.Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider.Probably the most significant change in men‟s roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life.Men are increasingly 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.In fact, expectations about he emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general.Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the “ emotion work” 58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships.Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other.We are thus seeing marriages in which men‟s and women‟s roles are becoming increasingly more 60.46.A.incidents

B.changes

C.results

D.effects

47.A.take

B.do

C.play

D.show

48.A.by

B.while

C.hence

D.thus

49.A.home

B.garden

C.arena

D.paradise

50.A.When

B.Even though

C.Since

D.Nevertheless

51.A.rewards

B.profits

C.privileges D.incomes

52.A.general

B.acceptable

C.popular

D.apparent

53.A.as

B.of

C.from

D.for

54.A.section

B.constituent

C.domain

D.point

55.A.encouraged

B.expected

C.advised

D.predicted

56.A.not to mention B.as well as

C.including D.especially

57.A.how

B.what

C.why

D.if

58.A.but

B.only

C.enough

D.necessary

59.A.unless

B.although

C.where

D.because

60.A.pleasant

B.important

C.similar

D.manageable

PART 4 READING COMPREHENSION(60minutes, 30 points)

Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements.Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D.Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage1

The man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop.He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away.Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheelrer.He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup.In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant, a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M.Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it.In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Coca officials like to point our, Conan Doyle unveiled

Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Coca.It was a modification of his French Wine Coca.He had taken our the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar.He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his glowing bookkeeper‟s script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola” was written in the fashion that is still employed.Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886,one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a doolop of Cola-Cola.Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off.Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand.The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.64.What dose the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?

A.He was highly respected by Atlantans

B.He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C.He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D.He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.62.Which of the following was unique to Frank M.Robinson, working with the Pemberton‟s Company?

A.Skills to make French wine

B.Talent for drawing pictures

C.An acute sense of smell.D.Ability to work with numbers.63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?

A.He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes‟s

B.He brought a quite profitable product into being.C.He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D.He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution

64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was__________

A.used beer bottles were chosen as containers

B.the amount of caffeine in it was increased

C.it was blended with oils instead of water

D.Cola nut extract was added to taste

65.According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for ________

A.the young as a soft drink

B.a replacement of French Wine Coca

C.the relief of a hangover

D.a cure for the common headache

66.The last paragraph mainly tells___________

A.the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant

B.a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure

C.the mediocre service of the drugstore

D.a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola

Passage 2

Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press” proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an

advertising volume that would make it independent.These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance.It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handing of the news and opinion functions.But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational;human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail.But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified.The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too.A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership.Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833.The sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies.It was tiny in comparison;but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports.It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers.And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents.By 1837 the sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the sun first appeared.In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald(1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day‟s success founded the Philadelphia Public ledger(1836)and the Baltimore sun(1837).The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.67.What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?” A.It was known for its in-depth news reporting

B.It had an involvement with some political parties.C.It depended on the business community for survival.41

D.It aimed at pleasing the general public.68.In its early days, a penny paper often ___________--

A.paid much attention to political issues

B.provided stories that hit the public taste

C.offered penetrating editorials on various issues

D.covered important news with inaccuracy

69.As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper____________

A.improved its content

B.changed its writing style

C.developed a more sensational style

D.became a tool for political parries

70.The underlined word “ventures” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ___________

A.editors

B.reporters

C.newspapers

D.companies

71.What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore sun.?

A.They turned out to be failures.B.They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C.They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D.They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.42

72.This passage is probably taken from a book on ___________

A.the work ethics of the American media

B.the techniques in news reporting

C.the history of sensationalism in American media

D.the impact of mass media on American society

Passage 3

Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs—a room of one‟s own.The writer she had in mind wasn‟t at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music.For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University.That was where Mark Amerika—his legally adopted name;don‟t ask him about his birth name—composed much of his novel Grammatron.But Grammatron isn‟t just a story.It‟s an online narrative(Grammatron.com)that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicate knots.In the four year it took to produce—it was completed in 1997—each new advance in computer software became anther potential story device.“I became sort of dependent on the industry,” jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper.“That‟s unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the „technology‟ is pretty stable.”

Nothing about Grammatron is stable.At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi—mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire.For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city” in cyberspace whare visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic, The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron‟s 1,000-puls text screens contain several passages in hypertext.To reach the next screen, just double-click.But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story.Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo.Choose another and there‟s a XXX-rated sexual rant.The story you read is in some sense the story you make.Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and

literature.“I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,” he says.Some avant-garde writers—Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino—have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author‟s control.“But what makes the Net so exciting, “says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animaion.” That room of one‟s own is turning into a fun house.73.The passage is mainly to tell __________________.A.differences between conventional and modern novels

B.how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron

C.common features of all modern electronic novels

D.why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing

74.Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?

A.Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.B.It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C.Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor

D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it ______________.A.provides potentials for the story development

B.is one of the novels at

C.can be downloaded free of charge

D.boasts of the best among cyber stories

76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _________.A.he could not help but set his Grammatron and thers in Industrial Revolution

B.conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology

C.much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent

D.he couldn‟t care less about new advance in computer software

77.As the passage shows , Grammatron makes it possible for readers to _____________-

A.adapt the story for a video version

B.“walk in” the story and interact with it

C.develop the plots within the author‟s control

D.steal the show and become the main character

78.Amerika told his students not to ____________

A.immerse themselves only in creating the plot

B.be captivated by the plot alone while reading

C.be lagged far behind in the plot development

D.let their plot get lost in the on-going story

Passage 4

In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liberpool, England, shopping center.The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping , and led him on a long walk across town.The excursion ended at a railroas track.There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before heaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train.The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went of to watch cartoons.Today the boys are 18-year-ole men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring.The dilemma now confronting the English justice system is how to

reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation.Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sils decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release.For ht e rest of their lives, Venable sands Thompson will have a right to anonymity.All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts of the new identities the government will help them establish.Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.In the U.S, which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable.“We‟re clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,” says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice.Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S.has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders.U.S.courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts ,ewhich, for example, ban all video cameras.But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary.The victim‟s family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids.“What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?” asks Bulger‟s mother Denise Fergus.Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables of Thompson move in next door.Says conserbative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins;”It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a completely new life.”

79.What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?

A.2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play

B.James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.C.Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson________________

A.hav been treated as juvenile delinquents

B.have been held in protective custody for their murder game

C.were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago

D.have already served out their 10 years in prison

81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_______________

A.hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public

B.be doomed to become social outcasts after release

C.still remain dangerous and destructive if set free

D.be inclined to commit a recurring crime

82.According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be __________

A.banned from any kind of press interview

B.kept under constant surveillance by police

C.shielded from being identified an killers

D.ordered to report to police their whereabouts

83.From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson would________.A.have no freedom to go wherever he wants

B.serve a life imprisonment for the crime

C.be forbidden to join many of his relatives

D.no doubt receive massive publicity in the U>S>

84.As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that ________________

A.it is controversial as it goes without precedent

B.the British media are sure to do the contrary

C.Bulger‟s family would enter all appeal against it

D.Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals

Passage 5

Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor‟s office? The silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits “ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families.The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won‟t have to skip work to tend to minor ailments of to follow up on chronic conditions.“With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, “ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.Doctors aren‟t clamoring to chat with patients online for free;they spend enough unpaid time ton the phone.Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.”We are not stupid,” says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group.“Doctors getting jpaid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.Doctors also fear they‟ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what‟s needed to make a diagnosis.So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up.Healinx‟s “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message.The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions.The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.Can E-mail replace the doctor‟s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what‟s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit.Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor‟s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor‟s visits offer a “very narrow” sliver of service between hone calls to an advice nurse an a visit to the clinic.48

The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service.So far, the Internet‟s record in the health field has been underwhelming.The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,” notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research.If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations)to pay for online visits.If doctors, employers, and patients aren‟t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.85.the Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ___________

A.rewarding their employees

B.gratifying the local hospitals

C.boosting worker productivity

D.testing a sophisticated technology

86.What can be learned about the on-line doctors‟ visits?

A.They are a quite promising business.B.They are funded by the local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients

D.They are very much under experimentation.87.Of he following people, who are not involved in the program?

A.Cisco System employees

B.advice nurses in the clinic

C.doctors at three local hospitals

D.Oracle executives

88.According to Paragraph 2, doctors are___________

A.reluctant to serve online for nothing

B.not interested in Web consultation

C.too tired to talk to the patients online

D.content with $20 paid per Web visit

89.“Smart Symptom Wizard” is capable of ___________

A.making diagnoses

B.producing prescriptions

C.profiling patients‟ illness

D.offering a treatment plan

90.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether___________

A.the employers would remain confident in them

B.they could effectively replace office visits

C.HMOs would cover the cost of the service

D.new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project

PAPER TWO

PARTV TRANSLATION(25minutes, 10 points)

Directions：Put the following passage into English..Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ

伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是，随后的感受升华和情感又是分不开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新的道路； 没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动的最高尚的部分，都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义、PART VI WAITING(35minutes,15 points)

第二篇：考博英语

1How compelling and thought-provoking the above image is(images are)!

多么引人注目的、容易让人产生联想的画面呀！

2What is apparently betrayed in the cartoon(s)is that …,in contrast, …

这个漫画明显表现出来的是、、、、，相反的，、、、、、3What on earth can we derive from the interesting and instructive drawing?

从这幅有趣的、有教育性意义的图画上我们究竟可以得到什么信息呢？

4It goes without saying that(there is no denying the fact that)what the painter actually aims to convey in the picture is(pictures are)profound.毫无疑问，事实上作者在这幅画中传达的目标意义深刻。

5Primarily, we can learn that such cases are far from being rare and upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and around the world.6What’s more, there has been a growing concern nowadays over the worsening phenomenon.7It is hard to imagine what our society would be like if such pervasive trend go unchallenged.首先，我们可以发现这样的事情很常见，在我们附近，在世界范围内很容易的就能看到类似的令人不愉快的事情。其次，现在已经对这类恶化的现象给予了越来越多的关注。很难想象如果类似的影响恶劣的趋势没有得到制止我们的社会将变成什么样子。

8Additionally, to reverse the grim situation, effective and efficient measures should be entailed by all parties concerned.9The authorities, the mass media and every one are on the list.10Enhancing people’s awareness of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations ought to be top priority of the agenda.另外，为了扭转严峻的情况，相关政党应该采取有效的方法，职权部门、大众传媒和每一个人都包括在内。提高大家对这些措施的关注程度、制定相关规章制度应该是位于日程之首。11Considering what’s presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such stories were ended or at least reduced.12I am strongly convinced that only when such things vanish or disappear, can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.考虑到以上提到的事情，我们可以顺利的得出结论：是该结束或者减少这类事情的时候了。我坚信只有这类事情消失的时候，我们才能够维持一个我们希望所的快乐、健康、和谐的社会。

若是好的话题：

1.第5句去掉upsetting

2.第6句去掉worsening

3.第7句移到最后一段的最后一句，且改./;成It’s hard …if we fail to grasp such cases and can

not put them into practice.4.把第8句换句举例：To make the point even clearer, let’s come to example regarding an

acquaintance of mine.（为了更明显的表达这个观点，我将举一个关于我一个熟人的例子）

5.第3段 …that it is high time all parties concerned took effective and efficient measures to

practice.The authorities, the mass media, as well as each individual are involved.And I’m strongly convinced that we’ll ensure such practices, thus maintaining a happy, healthy, harmonious society as we all wish.（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.1．开头万能公式一：名人名言

原理：名人名言尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理

经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。还是靠编

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某大学，学生课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式：

1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

第三篇：考博英语优秀

中科院博士研究生英语写作分析及范文

1999.3

2000.3

2001.3

2002.3

2002.10

2003.3

2003.10

2004.3

2005.3 题目解析：

“如何减少交通事故?”这道作文题目简洁明了，比较容易把握。正确地理解本题最重要的是抓住题眼，也就是“如何”这个词。本题十分明确地要求考生专门讨论解决某一现象或问题的具体措施，而有的考生没能紧紧围绕解决办法多着笔墨，而去分析交通事故这个问题背后的根源，显然无法取得理想的成绩。范文：

With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people.In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person.Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment.We need traffic police to be responsible for their job.If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousness of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterness.As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving.As walkers, they should not cross the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents.I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment.(220 words)

2006.3 题目解析：

本题首先列出了一个现实生活中的现象：中国虽然拥有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，却至今没能培养出一名诺贝尔奖获得者。针对这一现象，题目的要求是十分具体的，就是去分析这种现象背后的根源。换句话说，对原因的挖掘是本题的重点。

范文：

Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries.However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far.In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals’ creativity.Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient.Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students’ ability to solve difficult problems.Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world.In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe.In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries.As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development.Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas.At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries.For instance, the clone technology was first explored by scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing.Our educational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered.Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel Prize winners.(298 words)

第四篇：英语对于考博

英语对于考博，只要是经历过考博的战友们肯定深切的感受过它的重要性，今天取这个疑似广告推销的标题并不是想哗众取宠，而是诚心的想给过我很多帮助的园子里的战友们分享下这成功绝地反击的经验体会。

我参加的是全国英语统考，去年因为对自己英语水平的过分乐观，以一分之差被拒之门外。今年痛定思痛，最终一雪前耻，而且，在复试中也全靠外语上的优势才能脱颖而出。

首先是复习的时间，如果你的英语基础不扎实，或者想在英语成绩上有长足的进步，你最需要的不是学习窍门而是时间，我是从考前四个多月开始复习英语的，而且因为已经是第二年考，时间相对充裕，第一年考的战友提前五个月以上绝对是必要的，哪怕刚开始只投入很少的时间，英语是点滴积累的过程，想必大家都明白这个道理。

关于单词。很多战友曾经提出为了保证复习效率，建议放弃单词。实际上，如果你不是真的时间非常紧迫，我认为单词绝对是重点，只有扩展了词汇量，你才能在阅读、听力、作文等的复习中更快的融会贯通，不然你永远存在着瓶颈。去年，我就因为没系统的记单词，在复习过程中总感觉很没效率。今年，我首先花一个月的时间解决单词，我推荐的方法是“重复记忆法”。具体方法参照园子里一个题为“15天搞定考博单词”帖子，效果虽然没他吹嘘的这么神，但是还是很有帮助的，对我来说最重要的是按这个方法记单词不但更有效率，也能让人更加专注，不容易走神，更有计划，同时能增强自信心。但这个方法的确是很需要毅力的，特别在中期很难坚持下来。而且在完成一个月的单词作战后，后面的复习中还是要花一些时间快速的温习记过的单词。至于采用什么单词表，我没有更多的经验，我用的是蒋跃出的模拟题后面的单词表。

关于听力。园子里已经有很多人讲解过听力的重要性和如何准备听力，其30分的分值的确是拉分的利器。有前辈提出“边听边写”是提高听力的最可靠方法，但我感觉“写”实在是很浪费时间的一个事情，所以我是边听，边在心里默念重复听到句子，要做到你能分辨的出每个单词。一篇文章，你要反复的听，反复的听每个句子，甚至反复的听某个你觉得听了反应不过来的单词，这样才能最扎实的训练你的语感和听力的反应速度。当然，也要通过一些听力模拟题和真题进行实战训练，蒋跃的《听力一本通》就是不错的选择。

关于完形填空，这部分我个人觉得详细准备的价值不大，考的大多是语法，当然也有词汇和阅读能力，在其他的复习中可以一并加强。

关于阅读。个人感觉，花大量的时间在阅读的训练上是不明智的，其实大部分人阅读的能力相差不大，而且提高阅读水平的难度是各部分中最难的。但你必须要做的是熟悉考博英语阅读的题目类型，出题习惯，出题特点，比如考博英语中往往细节题考得比较多，而且往往文章阅读的难度不大，但题目出的思维很刁钻，这些可以参考一些考博英语阅读训练材料里的理论讲解，而不用大量的做他们的练习。当然真题中的阅读是要很认真的做，并且分析题目的。

关于写作。这部分往往是让人喜欢忽略的。其实这部分是最容易提高的。去年我只是在做真题的时候实战写了几篇作文，最后考试时，作文最终也是感觉稀里糊涂。今年，我参照的是《医学博士英语统一考试—写作教程》，梁平主编。里面会教你考博写作的框架和格式，然后通过大量的翻译训练，锻炼你的语言表达能力，同时减少写作时的语法错误和拼写错误，减少这些错误才是你写作取得高分的最重要保障。最后要在每次做真题时进行实战写作训练，并且通过对照范文，发现自己的不足。今年考试中的写作，当我完成时，我就感觉一定是15分以上的。

关于真题。这个是不得不仔细研究的东西。我个人觉得将最近的10份左右的真题放在最后2个月的时间做是比较合理的。平均一个星期左右做一份真题，并且要把每次真题的训练当成考试，严格按照实际考试的时间来做题，做完后，必须要大量的时间来分析这些题目。

唧唧歪歪说了这么多，可能很多人觉得并没有什么诀窍可言，但其实只要你具备了足够的“决心和毅力”，一切诀窍都可以是浮云。最后真心祝所有即将和正在奋斗在考博道路上的战友梦想成真！

第五篇：南开大学考博英语

南开考博英语

一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分

二、词汇：15分

三、阅读理解：40分

四、改错：10分

五、作文：15分

一、听力（1分×20=20分）

二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）

三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）(A)出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（猎物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves.A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.by controlpanel

So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved.For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs.Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的），it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（线）.Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein.It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk.In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web.Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web.One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.by controlpanel 1.A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be.A.Secrets of Spiders.B.Secrets of the Web C.Secrets of Nature D.A New Discovery of Scientists 2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true A.All web-building spiders are blind B.Most spiders are blind C.Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D.All spiders can weave webs.3.Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to.A.walk quickly B.see the prey clearly C.conserve its energy D.survive 4.A spider conserves its energy.A.because it constructs new webs daily B.as it walks over the strands it lays C.by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web D.by eating only in the evening 5.That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that.A.a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk B.spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain C.the web is everything to a spider D.a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B)出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel.This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.by controlpanel Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals.The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink.Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.by controlpanel 6.What is the main topic of the passage?

(A)Weather variations in the desert

(B)Adaptations of desert animals

(C)Diseased of desert animals

(D)Human use of desert animals.7.According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A)It helps them hide from predators.(B)It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.(C)It helps them see their young at night

(D)It keeps them cool at night.8.The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A)an animal with a low average temperature

(B)an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel(C)a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D)a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A)They do not need to eat much food.(B)They can eat large quantities quickly

(C)They easily lose their appetites.(D)They can travel long distances looking for food.10.Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A)To show how they use camels.(B)To contrast them to desert mammals.(C)To give instructions about desert survival.(D)To show how they have adapted to desert life.(C)关于旅游能扩展思路（原文没找到）(D)出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.by controlpanel We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious.Everything of importance comes from the teacher.by controlpanel With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students.In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with.John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.by controlpanel 11.The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.A.For the teacher to divide students into small groups.B.To make it possible for students to interact with each other.CFor the teacher to find out how students think.D.To give students more opportunities to practice speaking.3 12.The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years”(in Para.1)is intended to convey the idea that_______.A.College classrooms often reminded people of their college life.B.Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.C.A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.D.There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.13.The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________ AThe teacher saves the trouble in doing that.B.Learning is made comfortable in this way.C.The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.D.Brighter students can help slower ones.14.All the following statements are true according to the passage except that

_________.A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.C.Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.15.The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________ A.Create a comfortable setting for interaction.B.Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.C.Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.D.Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and faces easily.(E)出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus，children were valued in terms of their productivity and they assumed the role of producer quite early．Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination，and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status（地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become，each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members．Consequently，viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted（多方面的）member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian（功利的）organisms ．This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children．It is now possible to influence the 4 details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel（原则、信条）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing． by controlpanel The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence，socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society B）The Children of Colonial North America C）The Development of Cultural Values D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children's success．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children's psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs．

C）A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families．

20．According to the passage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children's future occupations B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childless couples D）child-rearing techniques

(F)关于American paradox（原文没找到）

四、改错（1分×10=10分）出自英语专业八级考试模拟题

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water.This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some

other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ of the sun.by controlpanel As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range.__3__ The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ in quantity.A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ earth during volcanic action.The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ melted.Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface.There is also a minor，but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone.Let alone 意为“更不用说”，表示一种让步关系。2.face-surface 根据上下文理解，应该指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。这样使得planet后面的句子成为一个定语从句。4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重复。5.out改成outer 这里指外层空间。6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中这里是让步关系，而不是并列关系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英语表达中，当分子是二以上的数时，分母应为复数。

9.when改成until或者unless 根据上下文，这句话的意思应为:除非（冰雪)融化，否则（地球上的）生命系统就无法利用水。所以when在这里的意思有误。

10.fewer改成less 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用less。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing 提纲：

1、阐述二者的relation；

2、提出建议和solution；

3、以一个natural end结尾。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ⅡReading Comprehension(20 points)

Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S.cities have simply built more roads.But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run.Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.

The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.

hPathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.

Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

kaobo.cn,kaobo.org“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough.It sends people the wrong message.They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems.It's not the solution itself, just pan of the package.There are different strategies.”

Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.

It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years.There has to be a big change.

1.What is the appropriate title for the passage ?

A.Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. B.A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. C.A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.

D.Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.

2.The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.an optional solution B.an expedient solution C.a ready solution

D.an efficient solution

3.According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to __________. A.develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways B.provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services C.optimize the highway capabilities

D.improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4.According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, __________. A.car pooling must be studied B.rapid mass transit system must be introduced C.flexible work hours must be experimented D.overall strategies must be coordinated

5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage? A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.

B.A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. C.Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. D.An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. Passage 2 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper.If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away;if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage.We reserve rage for our own species.It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man—indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.

The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6.A suitable title for this passage would be __________. A.Wily Human Armies Are Formed B.Man's Anger Against the World C.The Human Capacity for Rage D.Early Straggles of Angry Mail

7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is __________.A.its lengthy and complex development

B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland C.that we do not fly into a temper more often D.that we reserve anger for mankind 8.The passage suggests that __________. A.historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9.From the passage we can infer that __________.

A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens B.games are psychologically unhealthy

C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's sctivities.

10.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is __________.

A.founded in historical fact

B.deceptive C.apparent

D.accurate Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1.Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are __________ to imported ones.

A.inadequate B.inappropriate

C.inferior D.interior

2.It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he __________ what he knows. A.makes for B.makes of C.makes up D.makes out

3.Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business __________, something unheard of in Europe.

A.transformations B.transmissions C.transitions D.transactions

4.As the pressure __________ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.

A.intensifies

B.magnifies

C.heightens

D.deviates

5.The strong scent of Kate's perfume __________ the air in the small room. A.radiated B.permeated？ C.extracted？ D.dispersed

6.The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least __________, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial

7.They are __________ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. A.tempting B.tickling C.tormenting D.tricking

8.Another popular misconception is the __________ that great talent is usually highly specific. A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy

9.You can __________ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. A.change B.vary C.alter D.transform

10.The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be __________. A.enormous B.huge C.vast D.immense Part Ⅳ？ Error Correction(10 points)

Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you cross out a word, put a slant(/)in the blank. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in some other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it,？ 1.__________ ___ 2.__________ ____ the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at thestore of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.Moreover, 3.__________ ___ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumer？

4.__________ _____ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？

5.__________ ___

In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed he 6.__________ _______ or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain about in person 7.__________ ________ whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8.__________ ________ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？

9.__________ __________

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong？

10.__________ __________ with the item in question. Part Ⅴ Writing(10 points)略

Frankly speaking, in contemporary China, volunteer is not quite prevailing or in a embarrased situation attributing to the misunderstanding among the crow.What's worse, the minority of people treat it as a useless and meaningless career in the world.In fact, there is of great essenciality to correct the wrong opinion in volunteer and advocate the volunteer career.As follows, I will list some advantages of volunteer.First of all, volunteer play quite vital a role in our sociaty.Taking Beijing Olympic Game for example, there is no doubt that volunteer is a bridge between Chinese and volunteer, they help to translate for native sellers, keep the activity and traffic in order and so on.Moreover, volunteer is the pioneer when faced with the catastrophe.In the wenchuan earthquake, indisputably, volunteer lend a hand to the victime in the first moment.From my own perspective, volunteer is the most sacred career in this world, we should feel pround of that we are volunteers.10