第一篇:2009年新人教版高二册第3单元英语“四位一体”同步验收题
高二册第3单元英语“四位一体”同步验收题
笔试部分(120分)B)根据句意、首字母及所给汉语,写出各句中所缺单词的完全与正确形式。(5分)
1.Mr.Stevenson is not a policeman, but an a ________ of many modern buildings.2.The villagers managed to c________ a strong bridge over the river.3.The paint was still wet and the door handle s________ to my hand.4.The spread of SARS and bird flu c________ great trouble and confusion to people's work and life.5.If human beings continue to destroy the earth, we will have u________ surroundings.6.As we all know, babies have soft ________(皮肤).7.Do you think she can ________(承受)the high pace of modern life? 8.-Could you tell me the way to the mall?-Sure.It is four ________(街区)from here.You can't miss it.9.My teachers in middle school ________(给......极深的印象)on me the value of hard work.10.There are many ________(分支)lines on the railway network.II.同步语法(过去分词作宾语补足语)(30分)
A)从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。(10分)
1.When I entered the theatre, I saw him ________ in the first row.A.had sat B.settled C.seated D.seating 2.The two cheats ________ the lights ________ all night.A.let;lighted B.had;burning C.caused;burn D.made;lit 3.I found my daughter quite ________ in drawing.A.interested B.impressed C.addicted D.created 4.If you have a fan in front of your face, you can feel the air ________ against your face.A.reflecting B.going C.sailing D.moving 5.With the boy ________ the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.A.seeking B.led C.leading D.sought 6.Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word ________.A.told B.talked C.spoken D.said 7.Walking along the river we heard someone in the water ________ for help.A.seeking B.shouting C.glancing D.dreaming 8.-Is there anything I can do for you?-I'm going to get ________.A.posted those letters B.those letters posted C.to post those letters
D.those letters post 9.The programme was so exciting that the children kept their eyes ________ on the screen.A.fixed B.glanced C.related D.matched 10.The captain placed the flag over the boy, leaving only his face ________.A.opened B.viewed C.presented D.uncovered B)根据句中所给汉语,用后面括号中所给的词完成下列句子。(10分)
1.If I get further information, I'll _______ ________ ________(随时让你知道).(keep)2.I don't ________ ________ ________ ________(想把孩子们带出去)in such bad weather.(want)3.The rich lady ________ ________ ________ ________(让那位歌手吃饭)with the servants.(have)4.The group of children ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(用沙子装满了那个瓶子).(have)5.His words ________ ________ ________(使我纳闷)about his real purpose.(leave)6.We can ________ ________ ________(看见游客被打动)by the beauty of Bei-jing.(see)7.When I opened the door, I ________ ________ ________ ________(发现地面覆盖着)with fallen leaves.(find)
8.Did you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(注意到一个小男孩被带走)by a policeman?(notice)9.On my way back home, I ________ ________ ________ ________(听见有人叫我的名字).(hear)10.________ ________ ________ ________ ________(把所有的工作都做完后), they hurried back home for lunch.(with)C)读下列短文,并用文中所给动词的正确形式填空。(10分)
As I came around the corner, the taxi stopped suddenly.The driver got out and I could see him 1________(puzzle).A big truck following the taxi stopped too.The taxi driver was standing at the corner looking up at the sky and the truck driver went to join him.Many cars behind were forced to stop as well and soon a crowd of people gathered at the corner.The cause of all this trouble was a very strange noise.All the people there could hear thousands of birds 2________(sing).The noise was quite frightening and many people looked disturbed.The uncommon thing was that there was no bird in sight.No one was able to find the answer to the mystery until two policemen arrived.They noticed a large board 3________(print)posters for a film high up on a wall nearby.As the noise seemed to be coming from this direction, they climbed up and found a tape recorder 4________(hide)behind the board.The noise made by birds singing was being broadcast over powerful loudspeakers to attract the attention of passers-by.The police asked the advertisers to take the recorder away because the advertisement had attracted so much attention that it was impossible for a great many cars to move freely in the street and it made many people 5________(disturb).III.课本要点(30分)
A)从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。(10分)
1.Please look at these two styles of building.In which building would you _______ to live? A.hope B.love C.prefer D.wish 2.He invented a special bed which would get you up in the morning, but his bed is not on ________.A.condition B.sale C.order D.store 3.Streets, squares, buildings and parks are all ________, planned and built in different styles.A.constructed B.prepared C.restored D.designed 4.-Which picture on show do you like best?-The one on the left________me most because it is huge and beautiful.A.impresses B.disappoints C.reflects D.bores 5.The old building is going to be ________ down because it hasn't been used for many years.A.turned B.pulled C.put D.brought 6.Some old people won't feel happy living in a ________ of apartments.They would rather live in old houses.A.block B.line C.building D.kind 7.-I think modern buildings are beautiful.-I don't think so.I think they look like boxes with flat roofs, sharp corners and glass walls that ________ mirrors.A.take as B.look on as C.treat as D.act as 8.A ________ is to a boat what an engine is to a car.A.fisherman B.river C.sail D.sea 9.I have found out that the house ________at $100 a month.A.costs B.rents C.pays D.spends 10.Now new uses are given to some old buildings.It's a great way to ________ the architecture from the past.A.save B.protect C.reuse D.recycle B)用所给词及词组的适当形式填空(注意有两个多余的选项)。(10分)
take example,construct, impress, in a hurry, act as, fill up with, set aside,prefer,close to, would rather, be covered with, rent 1.I know you're very busy, but you ought to ________ some time to visit your parents.2.In the United States people stand ________ each other than English people.3.Mother asked the boy ________ the bag ________ books.4.________ you ________ live in a traditional house than a modern building? 5.If you do things ________, you will make mistakes.6.What ________ me most is his confidence and courage.7.All the hills surrounding their village ________ green trees.8.Some Young Pioneers stand at streets, ________ policemen.9.Antonio Gaudi was a Spanish architect, whose works ________ in and around Barcelona.10.Some young artists do not have enough money ________ studios to work and live.C)根据句意和课本内容,用正确的介词或副词填空。(10分)
1.If you are asked to design a house, what will that house look ________? 2.________ class, you should share your ideas ________ your classmates and your teacher.3.What kind of furniture would you like to buy ________ your new house? 4.________ my opinion, modern buildings are more beautiful than traditional ones.5.Some modern architecture takes examples ________ nature.6.Most old people don't like modern buildings ________ glass walls.7.The new Olympic Stadium ________ Beijing looks ________ a bird's nest made ________ tree branches.8.The roof of a building is the structure ________ the top of a building to keep the rain ________.9.-Could you describe a balcony?-Yes.It is an area ________ a wall or bars _____ it.10.Some old buildings were decorated ________ small round windows that remind us ________ ships.IV.综合能力训练(50分)
A)完形填空。(20分)
Though pyramids are found in Egypt,the word “pyramid” comes from the Greek language.1 the Greeks first arrived in Egypt long ago, they found many grand stones 2 which they named “pyramids”.The Greeks wondered 3 the Egyptians had built the great pyramids,but they could not find the 4 , and even now we still don't know exactly how.It is 5 in many ancient books written in Arabic(阿拉伯语)and found in Egypt that the Egyptians 6 life after death.When a person 7 , his family or friends placed the things near his body which they thought he might need.Emperors or kings had great 8 , so their bodies were kept inside the great pyramids,which they had had them built for many years even while they were still 9.The Great Pyramid,which was 482 feet high and 10 two square kilometers of land, was built for King Khufu with 23,000,000 blocks of large stones, the smallest of which even 11 over 25,000 kilograms as 12 as a car.How the ancient Egyptians 13 , moved and lifted such heavy stones without modern machines has always remained a great 14 to present scholars.Perhaps these stones were taken across the Nile in boats at 15 time.Maybe they were moved on rollers using slippery Nile mud on land and 16 up along sloping(倾斜的)roads to the sides of the pyramids.It is still a great 17 that the stones 18 together so well that even a straight knife cannot be pushed between them.Century after century, strong winds have been 19 yellow sand around the pyramids.Different rulers have come and gone.Everything seems to 20 except the pyramids.They have remained a 5000-year-old mystery(奥秘)in silence.1.A.While B.Since C.When D.As 2.A.house B.buildings C.bridges D.dams 3.A.how B.when C.why D.where 4.A.reason B.cause C.way D.answer 5.A.known B.said C.recorded D.noted 6.A.believed in B.believed C.supposed D.expected 7.A.lived B.was ill C.was strong D.died 8.A.armies B.powers C.friends D.officials 9.A.happy B.unborn C.alive D.over 10.A.owned B.was C.lay D.covered 11.A.weighs B.measures C.reaches D.is 12.A.many B.much C.big D.nice 13.A.cut B.shaped C.carried D.built 14.A.success B.puzzle C.trouble D.building 15.A.ordinary B.war C.flood D.one 16.A.picked B.turned C.looked D.pulled 17.A.question B.wonder C.trouble D.happiness 18.A.place B.meet C.fit D.get 19.A.blowing B.rising C.making D.producing
20.A.move B.escape C.appear D.turn B)阅读理解。(10分)The Temple of Heaven is situated in the southern part of the City of Beijing.It was built in 1420, covering an area of 273 hectares(公顷).The Temple was the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties(王朝)worshipped(敬奉)heaven and prayed for good harvests.They came here twice a year, on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month and also in winter.After 1530 when the Temple was built in the northern suburbs(郊区), only heaven was worshipped in the Temple.The Temple of Heaven is regarded as one of the greatest architectural structures in the world.Some environmental artists and gardeners describe the temple as a place where people can talk to heaven.In Beijing four imperial(皇帝的)temples were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368-1911).At the southern end of the city axis(轴)is the Temple of Heaven.It is the most important of the four.The other three are the Temple of Earth in the north, the Temple of Moon in the west, and the Temple of Sun in the east just behind the Beijing Friendship store.All of them are still standing, but the Temple of Heaven is the largest group of temple buildings of its kind in China, nearly four times larger than the Forbidden City(紫禁城).The whole building was designed in a way that makes you close to heaven.In making the heaven-like structures, the designers made good use of colour, sound, figures of the circle and the square, and changes in its height.The combination(结合)of building and garden helps to make it appear mysterious(神秘的)and magical.The temple's arhitecture has two themes.One is “on the earth”while the other is “in the heaven”.The square-shaped palace for fasting in the west of the temple appears like a “forbidden city”in a smaller size.In imperial days, the Chinese people believed that the sky was circular(圆形的)in shape and the earth was square.On the basis of this traditional concept(思想), the circle was widely adopted in the design of the temple's main buildings.It is in accord with people's imagination of heaven.1.The Temple was a place where the emperors worshipped ________.A.God and prayed for safety B.for Jesus Christ and asked for mercy C.heaven and prayed for good harvests D.the buddha and prayed for wealth 2.The Temple of Heaven is regarded as one of the greatest ________.A.monuments B.museums C.memorial halls D.architectural structures 3.In Beijing ________ imperial temples were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties.A.3 B.4 C.5 D.a lot of 4.The Temple is in accord with people's imagination of ________.A.the earth B.the moon C.hell D.heaven C)短文改错。(10分)
Two thieves walked quiet to an open window of 1.________ a small house on one night.The tall one quickly but silently 2.________ climbed across it into the room.“Give me the torch and 3.________ I'll open the door for you,” he said to his friend.The another 4.________ man agreed.Then the tall man turned off the torch and 5.________ walk slowly towards the door.Shortly after he reached 6.________ the door, he suddenly stopped.His torch shining on 7.________ a man sitting in a big chair in a corner of a room, 8.________ and the man was watching him.They ran away at once 9.________ and never knew the man was blind, deaf or dumb.10.________ D)书面表达。(10分)
假如你是校学生会主席,根据学校的安排由你给全校同学播送一条通知。内容如下:
1.10月16日(星期六)下午2:30有一个时事报告。
2.报告人:英国剑桥大学Smith Milton教授。
3.报告内容:东西方不同建筑风格及其对艺术、文化的影响。
4.地点:学校礼堂。
5.要求:所有同学都要参加,准时到场,认真听讲,做好笔记。在听报告期间,如有问题询问,可举手、递纸条给报告人。报告会结束后将进行分班讨论。
请根据以上内容写一则100词左右的英文广播通知。
高二册第3单元英语“四位一体”同步验收题参考答案
听力部分
录音原文及参考答案(划线部分为参考答案):
I.1.“I'm ugly,” admits the Brazilian superstar-Ronaldinho.2.Construction of the first Chinese station in the Arctic was finished.3.The stadium is designed by a world-famous architect.4.The project will create up to more than 70 new jobs.5.The bank has branches all over the country.II.6.W: I'm afraid that John will expect me to help him with his physics.M: You should just tell him that you're not going to.7.M: The big moon cake was cut into 6 squares.W: Let's cut each of them in half, so that each can have one.8.M: Did you see the science fiction movie on television last night? W: I would have watched it, but my niece came for a visit.We haven't seen each other for more than a year.9.M: Paul says he is going to work in Boston in the summer.I hope I can go with him.W: Can he do that and still go to summer school? 10.M: What a lot of rubbish and waste!
W: Don't worry.The other day I heard that a big rubbish plant is being built near our town.Key: 6-10 ACDAB III.W: Welcome to our travel agency, sir.What can I do for you? M: I have a three-week vacation coming up in a few months, and I want to take a trip.But I don't really know where I want to go.W: Do you want to stay in this country, or would you prefer to go abroad? M: I think I'd like to visit a foreign country.I'm not interested in Africa, but any place else would be fine.W: Well, are you interested in seeing anything in particular? Historical monuments? Museums? Countryside? People? M: Monuments might be interesting, but museums are too boring.I think I'd like to see a little night life, too.I've decided to spend lots of money on this trip, so I don't want to be bored.W: It sounds as if you would do well to go to Europe-possibly to France, Spain, or Italy.There are excellent hotels, so many interesting sights to see and plenty of nightclubs.M: How about Paris? They say the nightclubs are really wonderful!W: Well, you'd certainly have plenty of time to find out.And during the day you could do a little sightseeing.M: OK.I've decided now.I'll take a trip to Paris!Key:11-15 CBBAC
IV.Some people hate everything that is modern.They cannot imagine how anyone can really like modern music;they find it hard to accept the new fashions in clothing;they think that all modern paintings are ugly;they seldom have a good word for the new buildings.Such people take their standards of perfection from the past.They are usually impatient with anyone who is brave enough to experiment in new ways.It is true that many artists do not succeed and instead produce works that can only be considered as failures.If the work of art is a painting, the artist's failure concerns himself alone, but if it is a building, his failure concerns others too.This does sometimes happen, but it is completely untrue to say, as some people do, that modern architecture is nothing.We cannot judge every modern building by the standards of the old times, though we admire the buildings of the past.With better techniques, the modern buildings are more advanced.The architect knows he should learn from the past, yet with his greater resources of knowledge and materials, he will never follow the past.He is too proud to do that.笔试部分
I.A)1-5 DCCCB B)1.architect 2.construct 3.stuck 4.created/caused 5.ugly 6.skin 7.stand 8.blocks 9.impressed 10.branch II.A)1.C。要表达看见某人坐在了某处,宾语补足语可使用sitting或seated。settle down舒适地坐下。2.B 3.A。只有interested可以与后面的介词in搭配。4.D 5.C。lead the way带路。6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A。fix one's eyes on / upon...把目光集中在......上。10.D。leave his face uncovered把他的脸露在外面。
B)1.keep you informed 2.want children taken out 3.had the singer eat 4.had the bottle filled up with sand 5.left me wondering 6.see tourists impressed 7.found the ground covered 8.notice a little boy taken 9.heard my name called 10.With all the work done / finished
C)1.puzzled 2.singing 3.printed 4.hidden 5.disturbed III.A)1.C。prefer二者中比较喜欢哪一个。2.B。on sale(尤指在商店里)出售。3.D 4.A 5.B 6.A。a block of一栋;一幢。7.D 8.C 9.B。依题意,应理解为房子每月租金是100美元。10.A B)1.set aside 2.closer to 3.to fill;up with 4.Would;rather 5.in a hurry 6.impresses / impressed 7.are covered with 8.acting as 9.were constructed 10.to rent C)1.like 2.In;with 3.for 4.In 5.from 6.with 7.in;like;of 8.on;out 9.with;around 10.with;of IV.A)1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C。“埃及人相信,人死后仍有灵魂存在”这件事应是“被记录”(recorded)在古书中。6.A 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D。“占”地多少平方公里,用动词cover。11.A 12.B 13.A 14.B。根据后文中提出的各种假设来看,“How the ancient Egyptians ________,moved and lifted such heavy stones without modern machines”对于当代学者来说仍是个“谜”(puzzle)。15.C 16.D 17.B。巨石之间砌合得如此之好,即使是一把刀也插不进去,这应该说是“奇迹”(wonder)。18.C 19.A 20.A。前文提到,大风吹来了黄沙,统治者也来来去去,所以是除了金字塔,一切事物的位置都发生了“转移”(move)。
B)1.C 2.D 3.B。四座圣坛分别为the Temple of Heaven(天坛),the Temple of Earth(地坛),the Temple of Moon(月坛),the Temple of Sun(日坛)。4.D C)1.quiet→quietly 2.去掉on 3.across→through 4.another→other 5.off→on 6.walk→walked 7.shining前加was 8.room前的a→the 9.√ 10.or→and
D)One possible version: Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? Now, I have an announcement to make.There will be a lecture in our school auditorium on Saturday Oct.16.It is about the different styles between eastern and western architecture and their
effects on art and culture.The lecture will be given by Smith Milton, a professor from Cambridge University in England.It will begin at 2:30 p.m.Everyone is required to attend.Please listen carefully and take notes.If anybody has a question, please put up your hand or write it down on a piece of paper and pass it to the speaker.After the lecture, we'll have a discussion in each class.Please do remember the time and place: 2:30 p.m.Saturday Oct.16, school auditorium.Don't be late.That's all.Thank you.
第二篇:七年级英语上册 第5单元同步验收试题 人教新目标版
新目标英语7年级上册第5单元同步验收试题
I.单项选择
1.Jim, ______you have a TV? A.Do B.Is
C.Are
D.Does 2.---Let’s play soccer, Jill.---That _______ boring.A.sound---Three.A.What B.Where
C.How many
D.Do 4.---Does your brother play ping-pong ball?---Yes, ________.A.he is A.is a A.playing
B.he does
C.he doesn’t
C.has an
D.it does
D.have a
D.play 5.Frank ________ English dictionary.B.have an B.to play 6.Let’s ________ computer games.C.don’t play
7.---Let’s play soccer.---No, it’s _______.I want to watch TV.A.interesting B.relaxing C.boring D.funny 8.---What do you _________?---Tennis rackets.I have four.A.have B.do C.like D.let 9.We ______have a baseball.A.aren’t B.don’t C.doesn’t D.isn’t 10.I have a sister, a brother ________ a cousin.A.or B.for C.for D.and 11.Sonia Hall plays ______ basketball every day.A.a B.an C.the D./ 12.Ed Smith only _______ volleyball games _____ TV.A.watch, in B.looks, on C.watches, on D.sees, in 13.—Li Wei, do you have any pencils? —
D.Sorry
D.Tom’s
15.Lily and Liz _
II.完型填空
Look at this girl in the picture, she is 1 good friend.2 name is Lily.She is 3.She is thirteen.This is me.My 4 is Li Ling.I’m a Chinese girl.用心
爱心
专心 B.is sound C.sounds
D.sound is 3.---________volleyballs do you have? I am one year younger than Lily.We are ____5___ the same class.Lily likes collecting sports things.She 6 a great sports collection.Look, these are her things.She has 10 tennis rackets, 8 baseballs, 6 basketballs, 12 soccers 7 18 volleyballs.But he 8 sports.He 9 likes collecting sports things.His brother, David, likes soccer.He plays 10 every day with his friends.()1.A.I
B.me
C.my
D.a
D.D.()2.A.She England()4.A.friend name()5.A.in()6.A.is()7.A.and B.at
B.are
B.or
C.on C.has C.but
D.for D.have D./
B.father
C.mother
B.Her
C.My
D.His()3.A.an English B.English girl C.English
()8.A.like B.likes C.is like D.liking()8.A.don’t B.isn’t C.doesn’t D.am not()9.A.no
B.not
C.many
D.only()10.A.football B.basketball C.baseball D.ping pong III.阅读理解
(A)Frank is my good friend.We are in the same class.He is fourteen, one year older than I.His parents are both teachers in No.7 Middle School.Frank is a good student.He studies hard.His English and math are very good.He often helps other students with their English and math.Our teachers like him very much.We go to school together by bike in the morning.We have lunch at school.After school in the afternoon, we often play sports.We play soccer and baseball.In the evening, he does his homework at home.Sometimes he watches soccer games on TV.On Sundays, he goes out with his parents in his father’s car.They play in the park and do sports there.Sometimes my father takes me there, too.We play sports together.We have a good time.1.Who is Frank ? He is a ___________.A.teacher
B.soccer play B.thirteen
C.student C.fifteen
D.driver
D.2.I am _________ years old this year.A.fourteen twelve 3.Frank is good at __________.A.Math and Chinese B.English and Chinese C.math and English D.English and Chinese 4.Frank _________at school.A.has breakfast
B.has supper
C.has lunch
D.watches
用心
爱心
专心 TV 5 When does Frank do his homework? ____________.A.In the evening B.In the morning C.In the afternoon D.At noon(B)The children often play football in the garden and sometimes break(打破)Mr.Black’s windows.One afternoon Mr.Black is at home and reads a book.In a minute he closes his eyes and goes to sleep.At that time a little boy knocks at the door.Mr.Black opens the door and asks, “Do you break my window again(再一次)?”
“Oh , no” says the boy;“Your window is open this time and our football is in your room.May I get it please?” 根据短文内容判断正(R)误(W)。
6.The children often play football in the park.7.Sometimes the children break Mrs.Black’s windows.8.Mr.Black watches TV one afternoon.9.The children’s football is in Mr.Black’s room.10.The children break Mr.Black’s window again.(C)Peter is sixty-six.But he looks young.He has two children-one is a son and the other is a daughter.He has 10 tennis rackets,12 soccer balls,8 baseballs,6 basketballs and 18 volleyballs.But he never plays sports.He only collects sports things.His son, Carl, likes soccer.He is a member of the city soccer club.He plays soccer every day with his friends.And his daughter, Nancy, likes volleyball.But she doesn’t play it.She watches it on TV.根据短文回答问题。
11.Does Peter look old? __________________________________ 12.How many children does Peter have? __________________________________ 13.Who plays soccer every day in Peter’s family? _________________________________ 14.Does Peter do sports every day? _________________________________ 15.Does Nancy play volleyball? _________________________________ IV.短文填空(首字母已给出)
Mr.and Mrs.Green h 1 a big house.Their house h 2 a kitchen(厨房),four bedrooms and three other rooms.There are some trees n 3 to their house.They h 4 two cars.One is for Mr.Green and the other is for Mrs.Green.They h 5 two children.One is a s 6 ,and the other(另一个)is a d 7.The children like s 8 very much.The son has five b 9 ,nine s 10 balls and many baseballs.He likes playing b 11 every day.The daughter has eight v 12 balls,用心
爱心
专心 ten ping-pang balls a__13__ seven t 14 balls.She plays 15 ball every day.V.词汇
A)写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
1.watch(第三人称单数)_______2.have(第三人称单数)_______3.number(缩写形式)_______4.do not(缩写形式)________5.us(物主代词)__________6.know(同音异形词)______ 7.we(宾格形式)_________ 8.do(第三人称单数)__________ B)根据汉语写出单词。
1.She likes ________(体育运动)very much.2.________(让我们)play tennis.3.Sue has two ________(篮球).4.My mother ________(打)ping pong every day.5.I have a computer game.It’s ____________(有趣的).6.My mother _______(想要)a nice book.7.That music ____________(听起来)good.8.Do you want to ____________(加入)the English club? 9.To play soccer is ____________(困难的).10.Welcome to ____________(我的)school.C)根据句意,用适当的词填空
1.---_______you have a basketball?---Yes, I _______.2.---Does Gina _______ a math book?---No, he _______.3.---_______ Chi-Young have a tennis racket?---Yes, _____ does.4.____ play volleyball.5.My brother ______ have a notebook.6.She ______ sports every day.7.That sounds ______.8.My sister _____ five baseballs.9.---Do you have ______ ball?
---No, we_____.10.I don’t like math.It’s ________.VI.按要求转换下列句型。
1.Li Ping has a Soccer ball.(变为一般疑问句)Li Ping a soccer ball? 2.Does she have a CD?(做肯定回答), she.3.He has a baseball bat.(变否定句)He __ ______a baseball bat.4.You have a volleyball.(一般疑问句)______you _______ a volleyball? 5.The boy doesn’t have a TV.(肯定句)The boy______ a TV.用心
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专心 6.I have a nice book.(改为否定句)I ________ ________ a nice book.7.He likes his new room.(改为一般疑问句)________ he ________ his new room? 8.Frank has four baseballs.(就划线部分提问)_______ _________ Frank ________? 9.My parents have five good friends.(就划线部分提问)_______ ______ friends do your parents have? 10.Do your father and mother like sport?(做肯定回答)_______, ________ ________.VII.从Ⅱ中找出与Ⅰ相对应的句子。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
()1.Let’s play soccer.A.Yes, they do.()2.Do you have 70 tennis at school? B.No, he doesn’t.()3.Do they like watching TV?
C.No, we don’t.()4.Does Eddy like sports?
D.Great!That sounds fun.()5.Do you and your friend play soccer every day? E.No, I have sixty.()6.I’m sorry I can’t play tennis.F.I like both soccer and ping-pong.()7.How many baseballs do you have?.G.It’s in my backpack.()8.Where’s your ping-pong bat, please? H.Yes, it’s interesting.()9.Do you like computer games?.I.Don’t worry, it’s easy, let me teach you.()10.What’s favorite sport? J.Only one.VIII.补全对话
A)每空填一词,补全对话。
Mike: Hi, Tony, let’s___1_____ baseball.Tony: ____2____sounds good, Mike.That ____3____ fun.Mike: Do you___4____ a baseball or a baseball____5___? Tony: Oh, no.I don’t have a baseball and I don’t have a baseball bat.Mike: ____6___your sister have a ball or a bat? Tony: Yes, ___7___ does.Hi, ____8____!Where____9___ your baseball and bat? Gina: They’re under the bed.Tony: OK!___10____ play.B)填入适当的句子,补全对话。A: _11_____________, OK? B: Sorry, Bob, I don’t have a volleyball.But I have a baseball.A: I don’t want to play baseball.__12______________? Do you know? B: Maybe Eric has one.Let’s go and ask him.A&B: __13____________, Eric? C: Yes,___14______.But it’s at home.A: I’m sorry to hear that.B: Well.Let’s play football, OK?
C: __15___.Let’ go and join them, Bob.用心
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专心 A: OK.Let’s go.IX.下列句子中各有一处错误,请找出并改正。
1.Lily and Liz has a cat.They like it very much.A B C D 2.Are you have any ping pong balls? A B C D 3.I like to watch football games at TV.A B C D
4.He don’t play baseballs.A B C D 5.—Do you have a TV? A B
—Yes, we have.C D
6.We have eight watchs.A B C D
7.I am not have a watch A B C D 8.Let’s to go to play football.A B C D X.连词组句(请注意大小写和标点符号)1.she, does, a volleyball, have ___________________________________ 2.don't, they, a soccer ball, have ___________________________________ 3.sports,you,do,like
___________________________________ 4.every day, Sue, sports, plays ___________________________________ 5.computer games, play, let's, sounds, that, interesting ___________________________________ XI.根据汉语完成句子。
1.咱们去踢足球吧。play, soccer
__________________________________________________ 2.你有一个电视机吗?have, TV set
__________________________________________________ 3.我的朋友没有电脑游戏。not, have, computer game
__________________________________________________ 4.你的儿子喜欢体育吗?son, like, sports
__________________________________________________ 5.我收集了很多中国画。Have, a great collection of __________________________________________________ XII.书面表达
A)你喜欢体育吗?你都收集了哪些体育用品?说来给大家听听。
用心
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B)我的朋友Frank 收集了许多体育用品。他有7个篮球、6个棒球、3个排球、4个足球。他有8个网球拍、2个乒乓球拍。他每天都进行体育运动。他也在电视上看足球赛。请以上述内容为题材写一篇短文。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
新题型
阅读短文,从文中A、B、C、D中选择一个最合适的位置,将句子My friends buy ping pong balls in the shop加入文中。
Next to my home, there is(有)a big shop.A)It sells many things.From the shop we can buy some soccer balls, baseballs, basket balls and fruit.B)The shop opens very early and it closes very late.C)We can buy things from 7:00~22:00 in the shop.I help my mother and father buy things in the shop.D)The people in the shop are very friendly.Key: D 参考答案
I.1.A 此句中的谓语动词时实义动词,故主动词用do或does。主语是第三人称单数用does,其余的人称用do。2.C 本句的主语是第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。3.C 根据答语可知,此句是对数词提问,故选C。4.B 以does或do开头的一般疑问句,在回答时,还要重复它们。5.C 主语是第三人称单数,要用动词has,又由于English是以元音开头的单词,要用冠词an,所以本题选C。6.D let意为“让”,后接省略to的动词不定式。7.C 根据答语最后一句“我想要看电视”说明他觉得踢足球“无聊”,不想踢了,想要看电视。8.A 根据答语“我有四个羽毛球拍”,可以知道问的是“你有什么”。9.B 此句考查的是否定句,由于主语是we,故助动词用do + not来构成否定句。10.D 此句表示并列,没有转折的意思,故选D。13.D 根据答语I don’t have any可知表示道歉。14.A 根据does his homework 可知主语要选A。15.A 主语是复数,故谓语动词用have。II.1-5.CBCDA 6-10.CACDA III.(A)1-5.CCBCA(B)6-10.www.xiexiebang.computer games.That sounds interesting.XI.1.Let’s play soccer.2.Do you have a TV set? 3.My friend doesn’t have a computer game.4.Does your son like sports? 5.I have a great collection of Chinese paintings.XII.A)I like sports and I like collecting sports things.I have a basketball, a football, two ping pong balls and four rackets.Two volleyballs and five baseballs.Look, they are over there.Let’s go and see them.B)略。
用心
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专心 8
第三篇:高二历史必修3同步练习:第1单元综合测试题
第一单元综合测试题
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 50分)
一、选择题(共25个小题,每个2分,共50分)1.(2011·上海历史·8)当代某学者谈及自己为人处世的宗旨时说:对己学道家,意思是清静寡欲;做事学法家,意思是按原则办事;待人学儒家,即()A.爱无差等
B.己所不欲,勿施于人
C.君君、臣臣、父父、子子
D.存天理,灭人欲 【答案】 B 【解析】 根据题干提供的信息和所学史实,孔子在对待他人的问题上主张仁爱:即己所不欲,勿施于人。所以此题正确选项是B项。
2.如下图所示,编钟是我国古代重要乐器。王公贵族们在家里悬挂编钟是有严格规定的,“王宫悬(四面),诸侯悬(三面),卿大夫悬(二面),士悬(单面)”。逾越则会招致杀身之祸。你认为上述材料最符合谁的观点()
A.孟子
C.荀子
【答案】 B
B.孔子 D.老子 【解析】 材料体现了孔子的“礼”。
3.“父前行,子踵后。路遇长者,敛足拱手。尊长在前,不可口唾。”这是在敦煌发现的唐宋时期少儿启蒙读物中的句子,它反映当时的教育()A.鼓励儿童活泼机智
C.提倡父子教学相长
【答案】 D 【解析】 从题干中的句子可以分析得出,此时的教育比较注重启蒙孩子的长幼等级观念,而中国古代的儒家伦理道德比较注重等级观念。因此D项为正确答案。
4.(2011·宁波)“和谐中国”是唱响当今中国社会的主旋律。孔子的名言中对当今中国构建和谐人际关系具有启迪作用的是()A.“己所不欲,勿施于人” B.“非攻,兼爱”
C.“发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至” D.“白沙在涅,与之俱黑” 【答案】 A 【解析】 “己所不欲,勿施于人”即自己所不希望的事情,也不要强迫别人接受,这是实现孔子“仁爱”思想的途径,其目的是以此调整人际关系,稳定社会秩序,因而最符合题意。干扰项B项是墨家的观点,排除。
5.“天下皆知美之为美,斯恶矣;皆知善之为善,斯不善矣;故有无相生,难易相成。”持此观点的是()A.道家
C.墨家
【答案】 A
B.儒家 D.法家
B.突出地方教育特色 D.注重儒家伦理道德 【解析】 此观点体现了道家的朴素的辩证法思想。
6.公元前6世纪到公元前2世纪是人类文明的“轴心时代”,人类首次觉醒,理性思维所创造的精神文化决定着其后诸民族的文化走向。对于中国而言,最能体现这一特征的现象是()A.百家争鸣
C.独尊儒术
【答案】 A 【解析】 依据题干中的时间即可判断出。
7.(2011·厦门)“夫爱人者,人必从而爱之;利人者,人必从而利之;恶人者,人必从而恶之;害人者,人必从而害之。”提出这一思想主张的学派是()A.儒家
C.墨家
【答案】 C 【解析】 材料体现了墨家代表人物墨子的“兼爱”主张。
8.在有关惩治腐败问题上,甲说:“不用管腐败问题,生产力水平提高了,腐败现象就自然没有了。”乙说:“一定要依法严惩严管腐败问题,抓一个腐败分子就杀一个。”丙说:“对腐败分子,要用‘德’和‘礼’来教育感化。”丁说:“要从平民百姓中挑选有能力的人去治理腐败。”上述四位同学的说法与儒家思想相吻合的是()A.甲
B.乙
C.丙
D.丁 【答案】 C 【解析】 儒家思想强调:“为政以德”,主张“仁”和“礼”,与丙的说法相符。
B.道家 D.法家 B.焚书坑儒 D.崇儒尚佛
9.2008年残奥会会徽(上图)的图形部分是由红、蓝、绿三色构成的“之”字形。红色,寓意着太阳;深蓝色,寓意着蓝天;绿色,寓意着大地。3种颜色的3个笔划综合起来成为一个运动的人形,即为“天地人”。体现了中国传统文化中的“天人合一”的思想。下列中国古代思想家探讨过天与人之间的关系,并主张在处理天与人关系时,人应采取积极态度的是()A.墨子
C.荀子
【答案】 C 【解析】 解本题的关键是认真审题,看清题意是“在处理天与人关系时,人应采取积极态度”的思想家,结合所学知识可知,符合的是荀子,他提出了“天行有常”“制天命而用之”的观点。
10.为庆祝建国60周年,某中学开展了以“弘扬人文精神,构建和谐校园”为主题的社会科学普及周活动。在中国古代传统文化中,最有利于建立“和谐社会”的是()①己所不欲,勿施于人 ②“天下为主,君为客” ③君主专制,君权神授 ④“民贵君轻”“君舟民水” A.①②③
B.①③④ B.韩非子 D.董仲舒 C.②③④
【答案】 D
D.①②④
【解析】 君主专制,君权神授明显不符合“和谐社会”的建立,排除含③选项即可。
11.有一家父母得知其小孩在外偷了东西,如果他们相信荀子的理论,可能对小孩采取的态度是()A.认为孩子的本性是恶的,但只要好好教育,孩子会改正错误 B.认为孩子的本性是善的,他犯错误是一时糊涂
C.认为孩子的本性是恶的,必须严厉地惩罚他,使他害怕,以防再犯 D.认为孩子犯错并非本性造成,而是环境不好,应择善而居 【答案】 A 【解析】 荀子主张“人之初,性本恶”,但凭借后天教育可以使人由恶变善。
12.《汉书·食货志》记载:“天子不能具醇驷,而将相或乘牛车。”为改变这种状况,当时的统治者()A.重征赋税
C.实现仁政
【答案】 B 【解析】 汉初,经济残破,百废待兴。统治者被迫实行与民休息的“无为而治”政策。
13.在中国古代思想史上,儒家学说的发展经历了一个从民间生存智慧到成为官方意识形态的演变过程。其中提出“大一统”思想的是()A.孔子
C.董仲舒
【答案】 C
B.孟子 D.朱熹 B.无为而治 D.独尊儒术 【解析】 汉武帝时,董仲舒提出“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”确立了儒学在中国传统文化中的主流地位。
14.(2011·滨州)北京2008年奥运会的吉祥物是五个可爱的福娃,他们分别代表了中国传统的阴阳五行中的“金、木、水、火、土”。在古代,将阴阳五行思想与传统儒家思想相结合的思想家是()A.孔子
C.朱熹
【答案】 B 【解析】 汉代董仲舒融合阴阳五行等思想而形成了新的思想体系。15.(2010·广东·15)“人人自有定盘针,万化根源总在心。却笑从前颠倒见,枝枝叶叶外头寻。”这首诗反映了()A.孟子的“仁政”
C.王阳明的“心学”
【答案】 C 【解析】 这首诗出自王阳明之手,诗中认为人人都有自己的价值标准,而万物本源在于自己的心,这反映了“心学”的观点
16.明代哲学家王阳明认为:“天下之物本无可格者,其格物之功只在身心上做。”从这句话中我们可以推测下列人物的观点与王阳明相近的是()A.陆九渊
C.朱熹
【答案】 A 【解析】 材料中“只在身心上做”,体现了心学“发明本心”以求理的主张。
17.当读到:条件一:科举产生的士大夫们,注重道德文化修养,注
B.李贽 D.程颢
B.董仲舒的“独尊儒术” D.顾炎武的“经世致用” B.董仲舒 D.王阳明 重气节,对儒家经典大义的不断探究成为时尚。条件二:学堂上老师带读:“父子有亲,君臣有义,夫妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信。”由此判断得出的正确答案是()A.“百家争鸣”时儒学已成为蔚然大宗 B.西汉对儒学的推广和太学的兴办 C.宋明理学对儒学的发展 D.明末清初思想活跃局面的出现 【答案】 C 【解析】 科举制创立于隋唐时期,“百家争鸣”是战国时期,排除A、B两项;D项与材料和史实不符,排除。
18.“受人滴水之恩,当以涌泉相报”“比上不足,比下有余,知足常乐”“浪费粮食伤天理”这些俗语不能反映中国古代哪家学派的思想..()A.儒家
C.墨家
【答案】 D 【解析】 三则材料依次反映了儒家的伦理道德,道家的无为思想,墨家的“节用”思想。
19.学者对古代某思想家有如下的叙述:“(他)想把濂溪(周敦颐)、二程种种意见都包容和会通,再加上通诸孔孟先秦儒,兼及道释,而组织一大系统„„”请问这位古人是()A.李贽
C.王阳明
【答案】 B 【解析】 材料实际叙述了理学的集大成者朱熹。
20.《三国演义》和《水浒传》中体现的忠义思想,明显来自儒家()
B.朱熹 D.王夫之 B.道家 D.法家 A.“仁政”思想
C.宋明理学思想
【答案】 C
B.“天人感应”学说 D.“经世致用”思想
【解析】 “忠义”思想是理学重视气节的体现。
21.五四时期的思想家把李贽当作反孔的先驱。冯元仲称赞他“手辟洪蒙破混茫,浪翻古今是非场。通身是胆通身识,死后名多道益彰”。以下观点哪一项最有可能是他的主张()A.民为贵、社稷次之,君为轻 B.虽孔夫子亦庸众人类也
C.保天下者,匹夫之贱,与有责焉 D.饿死事小,失节事大 【答案】 B 【解析】 A、C、D三项分别是孟子、顾炎武、朱熹的观点。22.(2011·安徽联考)2010年9月30日《南方日报》刊文称:“如何给这些孩子(外来工子女)一张安稳的书桌,让他们像城市的孩子一样接受义务教育,是促进教育公平的重大课题。”其实中国古代很早就有思想家注意并提出了解决类似问题的方法或主张,这就是()A.有教无类
C.存天理,灭人欲
【答案】 A 【解析】 根据所学,在教育对象问题上,孔子明确提出了“有教无类”的思想。“有教无类”的意思是不分贵族与平民,不分国界与华夷,只要有心向学,都可以入学受教。材料中主张外来工子女与城市的孩子一样接受义务教育,正反映了“有教无类”的思想,本题选A项。其他B、C、D三项与教育公平主张无关。
B.罢黜百家,独尊儒术 D.经世致用 23.西汉太中大夫东方朔上书汉武帝,所写材料需两人抬进宫,后来这种情况得到极大改变,其首先得益于()A.造纸技术
C.制墨技术
【答案】 A 【解析】 纸没发明以前,多用木简、绢帛作书写材料,比较笨重,纸的发明改变了材料所述状况。
24.中国古代的四大发明传入欧洲,加快了西方迈入近代社会的步伐。“替宗教改革开路,并使推广民众教育成为可能”的发明是()A.指南针和印刷术
C.造纸术和火药
【答案】 D 【解析】 与“推广民众教育”有关的发明只能是印刷术和造纸术。25.南宋吴自牧的《梦粱录》记载:“风雨冥晦时,惟凭针盘而行,乃火长掌之,毫厘不敢差误,盖一舟人命所系也。”此处“一舟人命所系也”的物件()A.使欧洲告别了骑士时代 B.加速了欧洲文化进程
C.为欧洲人的地理大发现提供了条件 D.引发了欧洲的社会转型 【答案】 C 【解析】 材料所述物件显然是指南针,它的发明为地理大发现提供了条件。
B.火药和指南针 D.印刷术和造纸术 B.雕版印刷 D.活字印刷
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 50分)
二、非选择题(本题共4小题,第26题11分,第27题13分,第28题15分,第29题11分,共50分。)26.(11分)2011年1月11日,在位于天安门广场东侧的国家博物馆北广场,矗立起一座孔子雕像。就此事,某校甲、乙两个学生学习小组,在学习“中国传统文化主流思想的演变”过程中展开讨论,形成了两种不同意见。以下是讨论中利用的两则材料。
材料一 孔子的学说也不过只是一家之言,„„代表不了中华文明。„„什么“君君,臣臣,父父,子子”;什么“温良恭俭让”;什么“克己复礼”,只有一个字:“礼”,而他的“礼”的核心就是封建统治者的“礼”,„„我们不可以随意否定一个历史人物,也不可随意拔高一个历史人物。
——2011年1月14日 新华网博客
材料二 汉黜百家,独尊儒术,此后历代当权者都推崇儒术,奉为治国方略。„„“仁”与“礼”是建立人类文明社会的基本要求,对任何时代任何制度都是适用的。„„当此之际,儒学再次引人关注:“养心莫善于寡欲”;“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”;“老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。”„„这些格言,耳熟能详又历久弥新,仿佛就是针对现实社会的某些弊端发出的。最近公布的“十二五”规划建议,在提高全民族文明素质方面汲取孔孟伦理原则,提出了更符合实际的建议:“提倡修身律己、尊老爱幼、勤勉做事、平实做人,推动形成我为人人、人人为我的社会氛围。”
——崔道怡《略谈孔子塑像》,2011年1月31日《人民政协报》
请回答:
(1)作为甲组同学,请你据材料一指出反对为孔子塑像的理由,你如何利用材料二从思想文化方面进一步说明自己的观点?(5分)(2)作为乙组同学,请你据材料二并结合所学知识,从儒家思想的历史影响及现实意义方面概括赞成为孔子塑像的理由。(4分)(3)综合上述材料,你认为应如何对待中国传统文化?(2分)【答案】(1)反对:以孔子为代表的儒家思想维护封建等级秩序,符合封建统治者的利益,不能代表中华文明,拔高了孔子的地位。(2分)进一步说明:汉武帝罢黜百家,独尊儒术;束缚了人们的思想,压制了人们的创造性。(3分)(2)历史影响:自汉武帝开始,儒家思想逐渐成为中国传统文化的主流。维护了政治上的大一统和社会的稳定。(2分)现实意义:儒家学说对现实社会具有借鉴意义,有利于提高全民族的文明素质,有利于建立和谐社会;有利于提高个人的道德修养。(2分)(3)应进一步弘扬传统文化,去其糟粕,取其精华。(2分)27.(13分)(2011·韶关)阅读材料,结合所学知识完成问题:
材料一 ①所谓“天道”,泛指宇宙、天地、自然的起源和法则,而“人道”则是关于人类社会和人自身的道理。„„②《周易》有这样的话:“观乎天文,以察时变;观乎人文,以化成天下。”③这里的“天文”是指关于季节、时令变化的学问,目的是使人们能适时地进行农耕活动;“人文”则是人类“文明”的另一种表述,主要指社会制度和人们自身的素养。④中国古代哲学关于“天道”和“人道”相互关系的探讨和论述,就是对于“天文”和“人文”认识的深化和发展。
——张岂之《中国历史十五讲》
材料二 著名学者阮炜在《中外文明十五论》中引用《中国必然强大》比较分析说明中国文化是“家文化”和“官文化”,中国人太重视家庭观念和“忠君”意识,“续香火”意识强;中国人是“天生的协调专家和政治家”。
(1)就历史学而言,材料一中学术价值最大的句子是(将句子前的序号写出来)________。指出战国时期具有“天道”和“人道”思想的主要流派的主张。(4分)(2)扼要分析春秋战国时期“天道”和“人道”思想产生的原因。(3分)(3)概述秦(西)汉统治者对儒、道、法思想的实践结果。(3分)(4)宋代天人结合,产生了什么新的哲学思想?其对我们现在的最大影响是什么?(3分)【答案】(1)学术价值最大的句子:②(属于原始文献)。(1分)主要流派的主张
①孟子提出:“仁政”“民贵君轻”、性本善、义利观。
②荀子提出:“天行有常”“制天命而用之”、礼法并用、性本恶、君舟民水。
③庄子提出:“齐物”“逍遥”“天与人,不相胜”。(3分)(2)原因:生产力的进步,农耕经济的发展;社会大动荡、大变革;教育的发展,人们认识自然的能力有了进一步的提高。(3分)(3)实践结果:秦朝“焚书坑儒”,运用法家思想建立中央集权,但运用失度,导致二世而亡。西汉初年,运用道家思想(黄老之学),与民休养生息,出现“文景之治”,然而不能适应加强中央集权的需要。汉武帝时,“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”(实质为外儒内法),完成“大一统”,使儒家思想成为延续两千多年的中国封建社会正统思想。(3分)(4)新哲学思想:宋明理学(或程朱理学)。最大影响:有利于塑造中华民族的性格、构建和谐社会等。(3分)【解析】 第(1)问,②是原始文献,学术价值最大,它的意思是治国家者必须观察天道自然的运行规律,以明耕作渔猎之时序;又必须把握现实社会中的人伦秩序,以明君臣、父子、夫妇、兄弟、朋友等等级关系,使人们的行为合乎文明礼义,并由此而推及天下,以成“大化”。(2)对“天道”和“人道”的解释回答战国时期的主要派别及其主要主张即可;从政治、经济、思想等方面分析原因。(3)秦朝时奉行法家思想,实行焚书坑儒,汉初奉行黄老之学,汉武帝时期独尊儒术;(4)宋代理学对中华民族的性格塑造起到了重要作用。
28.(15分)阅读下列材料,回答问题:
材料一 在“百家争鸣”的过程中,各家学派互相诘难、批驳,又彼此吸收、融合,形成了中国的传统文化体系。其中,儒家思想孕育了我国传统文化中的政治理想和道德准则;道家学说构成了2000多年传统思想的哲学基础;法家思想中的变革精神,成为历代进步思想家、政治家改革图治的理论武器。它们共同构造了中华民族传统文化的基本精神。“百家争鸣”是中国历史上第一次思想解放运动,对当时和日后社会的发展,起了巨大的推动作用。
材料二 武帝建元元年(公元前140年),董仲舒在举贤良对策中提出:“诸不在六艺之科,孔子之术者,皆绝其道,勿使并进。” „„独尊儒术后,官吏主要出自儒生,儒家逐步发展,成为此后二千年间统治人民的封建正统思想。
——翦伯赞《中国史纲要》(上册)材料三 理学,亦称为新儒学,又称为“道学”或“宋学”。所以称为理学,是因为两宋诸子所创建的思想体系以“理”为宇宙最高本体,以“理”为哲学思辨结构的最高范畴;所以称为新儒学,是因为理学虽以儒家礼法、伦理思想为核心,但其张扬的孔孟传统已在融合佛、道思想精粹中被加以改造,具有一种焕然一新的面貌。
——冯天瑜等著《中华文化史》
材料四 明清时期„„面对理学的渐趋没落,一部分士大夫转而寻求新的思想理论,对程、朱理学提出了挑战,陆续出现了许多进步思想家,成为反理学的先驱。„„他们倡扬民族气节,批判君主专制,反对空谈性理,向封建制度和宋明理学发起猛烈的攻击,提出了一系列具有启蒙思想的早期民主主义思想。
——《中国通史教程·古代卷》
(1)依据材料一,归纳“百家争鸣”出现的重要意义。(4分)(2)材料二中的核心主张对于西汉王朝统治有何意义?(4分)(3)依据材料三分析,“理学”是新儒学的主要理由是什么。(3分)(4)依据材料,结合所学知识,概括进步思想家的主要主张。(4分)【答案】(1)基本形成了中国的传统文化体系,出现众多思想流派,形成了中国传统文化的基本精神,推动了社会进步。(4分)(2)有利于巩固大一统国家;稳定统治秩序。(4分)(3)理学是融合佛、道思想经过改造的儒学,但仍以儒学的礼法、伦理思想为核心,张扬孔孟传统。(3分)(4)批判君主专制,倡扬民族气节;反对空谈性理,提倡学以致用;重视工商业发展;反对理学,建立朴素的唯物主义思想。(4分)29.(11分)阅读下列材料,回答问题:
材料一 16世纪末来华的耶稣会传教士利玛窦在一封信中说:“中国人非常博学,医学、自然科学、数学、天文学都十分精通。他们以不同于我们西方人的方法正确地计算日食、月食。”
——李约瑟《中国科学技术史》
材料二 董仲舒是汉代最有影响的思想家,在当时就享有“群儒之首”的声誉,在中国文化史上,也占有重要地位。„„董仲舒学说的消极影响也是严重的„„我们民族性格中的封闭自我,盲目自足,因循守旧,不思奋进等等劣根性,都与之直接相关。
——冯天瑜等著《中国文化史》
材料三 中国人在科学实验发明上的确非常伟大。问题是:它为什么没有继续上升到理论,构筑起其理论体系,或如西方那样,发展出现代科学。
——李约瑟《中国科学技术史》
(1)结合材料一和所学知识,从医学、数学和天文学方面各举一例证明利玛窦的结论。(3分)(2)结合材料二和所学知识,董仲舒为什么能在中国文化史上占有重要地位?(4分)(3)结合材料二、三,从思想文化方面回答材料三中李约瑟的“问题”。(4分)【答案】(1)医学:战国编撰、西汉成书的《黄帝内经》;数学:最早发明了十进制记数法;天文学:《石氏星表》是世界上最早的星表。(3分)(2)他改造儒家思想,形成了新儒学体系,使儒家思想成为历代统治者推崇的正统思想。(4分)(3)儒家思想束缚人们的思想,导致中华民族存在盲目自足、因循守旧、不思奋进等缺点,没有进行理论创新。(4分)
第四篇:2013学年高二政治同步测试:1.2文化对人的影响(新人教必修3)范文
一、单项选择题
“面子”一词,有着浓厚的东方文化色彩。在我们这个有着五千年文化底蕴的国度,“面子”囊括了人的地位、财富、尊严、人格等,是人们进行社交活动的外观表征,代表着他人、社会对自身的综合评价。据此回答下题。
1.中国人碍于“面子”,为人处世注意场合、把握分寸,这说明()①文化能够促进人的全面发展 ②文化决定着社会的发展
③文化影响着人们的交往行为和交往方式
④文化影响着人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式 A.①②
C.①③④
答案 B 解析 本题考查文化影响人的表现。面子影响中国人为人处世说明文化影响人们的交往和实践,认识活动和思维方式。故③④符合题意。不同性质的文化对人的影响不同,①说法片面,②说法错误,故应选B项。
2.日本在文化上有一个“全球本土化”的策略,就是把西方的文化产品本土化。20世纪50年代,日本电视节目依赖好莱坞,而80年代以后,日本每年进口的影视节目只占全年产量的5%。原因之一就是本土制作的文化产品比进口产品更有国民认同感。这则材料表明()
B.③④ D.②③④
A.别国的文化产品不符合日本国民的需要 B.文化对人们的影响表现在人们购买的产品上 C.别国的文化对本国的国人会有影响 D.特定文化对人们的影响是深远持久的 答案 D 解析 “本土制作的文化产品比进口产品更有国民认同感”一句表明了日本本土文化对日本人的深远影响,D符合题意。
3.“节省一分零钱,献出一份爱心,托起一份希望,温暖世间真情。”这朗朗上口的公益广告语使人们的言行悄然发生了可喜变化。这表明文化对人的影响具有()A.深远持久的特点
C.潜移默化的特点
答案 C 解析 本题主要考查文化对人影响的特点:“悄然”一词表明了文化对人的影响往往是无形的、非强制的,体现了潜移默化的特点。
4.“不读书,穷者穷根难断,富者富不长久。”读书是个人家庭和国家的希望。我们要努力构建“学习型社会”,切切实实地使广大群众的整体素质有一个质的飞跃。下列关于文化的作用和意义,以下说法正确的是()A.文化是一种重要的物质力量,对社会发展产生深刻影响 B.文化能使一个国家自尊、自信、自强地屹立于世界民族之林 C.文化作为精神力量都能塑造人,丰富人的精神世界 D.文化是人类社会存在和发展的基础 答案 B 解析 B项是从一般意义上讲文化的作用。文化是一种精神力量,B.相对稳定性的特点 D.鲜明民族性的特点
可以在实践中转化为物质力量,故A错误;只有优秀文化才能塑造人,丰富人的精神世界,故C错误;物质资料的生产方式是人类社会存在和发展的基础,故D错误。
5.有人说赞美是人生历程中的加油站,而批评是人生历程中的维修站,一个人不能总是维修,但要不断加油!不断加油,他就学会了自信。这体现的文化生活道理是()①文化环境决定人的发展
②人的成长受环境影响 ③文化的影响是潜移默化的 ④优秀文化可以塑造人生 A.①②③
C.②③④
答案 C 解析 本题考查文化对人的影响。文化对人会产生巨大的影响,但文化环境并不能决定人的发展,因此①错误。
6.在“绿色网络之旅”活动中,网上有许多以“阳光网络伴我成长”为主题的网络心语,如“网络像无穷无尽的知识海洋,给我营养,给我力量”等。网络心语能够发挥作用的文化生活依据是()①文化会对社会产生积极的影响 ②优秀文化能够丰富人的精神世界 ③优秀文化能够增强人的精神力量 ④优秀文化能够促进人的全面发展 A.①②③
C.①②④
答案 D 解析 本题考查优秀文化对人的影响。“阳光网络伴我成长”“给我营养,给我力量”,体现了优秀网络文化对个人的作用,B.①③④ D.②③④ B.①②④ D.①③④
②③④均符合题意。①说法错误,优秀文化对社会发展产生积极影响。
7.2012年春季,某校开展了以“爱我中华”为主题的读书活动。开展这项活动,有利于激发学生的爱国热情,增强其历史使命感和责任感,有利于引导学生把握人生道理、实现人生追求。这是因为()①文化能促进社会全面发展 ②文化对人具有潜移默化的影响 ③有文化修养才会有崇高的道德 ④优秀文化能够塑造人生 A.①②
C.①③
答案 B 解析 开展读书活动,是因为文化对人潜移默化的影响和优秀文化塑造人生的作用。优秀文化才能促进社会全面发展。文化修养与崇高道德之间并不是必然的关系,①③观点错误。
8.安徽省将围绕建党90周年、辛亥革命100周年、红军长征胜利75周年等主题,举办红歌会、“红色记忆——全省革命文物联展”等系列活动,这些活动的举办有利于()A.推动革命老区的经济、社会快速发展 B.保护革命老区的社会、自然环境 C.提高人们的思想道德素质
D.迅速提高革命老区群众的生活水平答案 C 解析 A项中“快速”一词、D项中的“迅速”一词夸大了上述文化活动的作用。A、D两项排除;B项不符合题意;上述文化活动让人们在红色文化中不断提高思想道德素质,C符合题意。
B.②④ D.③④
9.上海世博会和广州亚运会的圆满举办,既是一种实力展,更是一种精神展,它激励着我们在实现中华民族的伟大复兴道路上奋勇前进。这说明()A.各种文化都能满足人们的精神文化需求 B.文化是社会全面发展的决定因素 C.文化活动是由人类创造和享用的 D.文化作为精神力量能转化为物质力量 答案 D 解析 “精神展”“激励”等词语表明了文化的作用,D符合题意;A、B本身说法错误;C与题意无关。
10.河北某中学为迎接省级规范化学校验收积极推进校园文化建设,要让学校的墙壁说话,让小草育人。从文化的角度来看,主要原因是()①校园文化对学生素质的形成产生着潜移默化的影响 ②校园文化决定了学生的发展
③通过校园文化所形成的素质会影响学生的一生
④校园文化可以帮助学生形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观 A.①②④
C.①②③
答案 B 解析 此题考查校园文化建设的意义,②观点夸大了校园文化建设的意义。
11.为将儒家礼仪中的优秀思想融入公交服务中,某市公交公司编印《公交论语》供职工学习,并精选《论语》经典名句挂在公交车厢内,打造公交车厢文化,以提高服务质量、陶冶市民修养、提升城
B.①③④ D.②③④
市文明。若以此为题写一篇新闻报道,你认为最适合的关键词是()A.文化影响 道德修养 文化建设 B.源远流长 博大精深 面向世界 C.色彩斑斓 尊重差异 文化创新 D.和睦相处 文化融合 文化竞争力 答案 A 解析 本题主要考查文化的影响。精选《论语》名句打造公交车厢文化是为了营造良好的文化环境,利用优秀文化提升公民素质,是加强文化建设的举措,故A最适合材料主旨。
12.我国古人崇尚“治身”与“治心”的和谐统一,古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁则把人的幸福界定为“身体的无痛苦和灵魂的无纷扰”的完美结合。上述观点启示我们()A.人的全面发展离不开社会进步 B.优秀文化能够促进人的全面发展 C.必须重视中外文化交流与合作
D.必须从思想道德素质、身体素质等各方面促进人的全面发展 答案 D 解析 本题考查对人的全面发展的理解。“治身”与“治心”的和谐统一即具备良好的身体素质和思想道德素质。故D符合材料主旨,A、B、C说法正确,但与材料无关。
二、非选择题
13.阅读材料,回答下列问题。
材料一 4月23日是“世界读书日”。在新课程改革推进的背景下,中学生学习和读书情况,引发了人们广泛的关注。据调查了解,受金融危机就业困难的影响,新的“读书无用论”在校园也有所蔓延。
材料二 面对经济全球化,应对经济社会的高速发展,我们需要更多全面发展的高素质人才。克服应试教育弊端,全面实施素质教育,已成为人们的共识。
请运用文化生活相关知识,对“读书无用论”予以批驳。答案(1)文化影响人们的交往行为和交往方式,影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。文化对人的影响具有潜移默化和深远持久的特点。
(2)读书能丰富人的精神世界,增强人的精神力量,促进人的全面发展。
(3)文化具有传承性和创新性。读书能传承中国优秀的传统文化,并在实践中加以发展和创新。
(4)科学文化修养与思想道德修养是相互促进的统一关系:读书能够促进人的思想道德修养,增强识别和抑制各种错误思潮的能力,提升人的素质。
解析 本题考查文化的作用。批驳“读书无用论”应从文化对人的影响、文化塑造人生及读书对中国优秀传统文化的传承和对个人思想道德修养的提高所起的作用来分析其荒谬性。
14.有人认为,网络对人的影响是潜移默化的,个人无法抗拒,抵御低俗网络文化关键在于国家。请从文化对人的影响角度,谈谈你对这一观点的认识。
答案(1)文化对人的影响来自于特定的文化环境和各种形式的文化活动。落后的、腐朽的文化阻碍个人的发展。因此,国家必须加强对互联网的管理,净化网络环境,推动互联网健康有序发展。
(2)文化对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点,一般不是有形的、强制的。人们总要在一定的文化氛围中生活,文化氛围看不见、摸不着,却无时无刻不在影响人的思想和行为。所以认为文化对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点是正确的,但人接受文化的影响并不都是消极被动的。我们要提高辨别不同性质文化的眼力,自觉接受建康向上的文化的熏陶,增强抵御落后、腐朽文化的能力。我们要努力学习科学文化知识,提高思想道德修养,树立社会主义荣辱观,做出正确的文化选择。
解析 本题主要考查文化对人的影响。从题型上看属于辨析题,回答时,要做到全面,既看到观点中的合理成分,又要看到其中不合理的成分,并说明理由。就本题而言,要重点围绕文化对人的影响的来源、特点等知识点展开组织答案。
依托地方发展型选择题
2011贵州梵净山文化旅游节于11月3日至8日成功举办,文化旅游节在推介铜仁地区文化旅游资源,推进铜仁旅游产品建设,提升旅游服务水平,助推铜仁地区文化旅游产业率先突破等方面发挥了重要作用。这表明()A.文化与经济相互交融,文化促进经济发展 B.开发文化旅游资源,有利于促进经济发展 C.文化生产力已经成为推动经济发展的根本动力 D.打造旅游品牌,就能促进经济发展
【解析】 本题宜用排除法。本题主要考查考生获取与解读信息、分析与理解问题的能力。文化有先进、健康与落后、腐朽之分,并不是所有的文化都能促进经济的发展。A说法错误;文化对经济的反作用是第二位的,它不能成为根本动力,C夸大了文化的作用;D说法过于绝对。本题选B。
【答案】 B
依托地方发展型选择题多以地方在经济社会发展过程中,为实现地方协调可持续发展而采取的措施、地区发展的现状、地区发展产生的影响及发展带来的启示等为背景材料设置题目。考查的知识范围涉及思想政治的各个模块。
首先对材料中地方发展的措施、现状、影响等进行概括,明析材料所要表述的主要内容;其次分析采取这些措施的目的、产生的影响以及措施是否科学等,并挖掘出其中蕴涵的一般性的规律及本质性的东西;最后与教材、题肢中的知识点进行迁移比较,从而得出正确答案。
一般采取以下方法:
方法1:排除法,排除错误题肢,排除与材料不符的题肢,排除与题干同义反复的题肢,排除因果颠倒的题肢。
方法2:优选法(比较法),在诸多题肢都符合题意时,比较选出最符合题意的题肢。针对题干与题肢的关系,可以总结出以下口诀:直接、间接选直接,一般、特殊选一般,全面、片面选全面,本质、现象选本质,整体、部分选整体,正面、反面选正面。
方法3:直选法。直接根据设问的指向,找出与题干中的关键词、中心词意思最贴近的题肢,或者找出与教材相关知识表述最接近的题肢。
截至2011年底,湖南省非公有制经济完成增加值近1万亿元,实现税收近1 000多亿元,占全社会税收的50%左右,在促进全省经济增长、增加地方财政收入、安置就业和促进社会稳定等方面发挥了重
要作用。这说明()A.非公有制经济是促进经济发展、维护社会稳定的重要力量 B.非公有制经济是解决就业的主要渠道
C.发展、壮大非公有制经济,对增强我国经济实力具有关键作用 D.必须毫不动摇地巩固和发展非公有制经济 答案 A 解析 本题宜用排除法。本题以湖南省非公有制经济的发展情况为背景材料设置题目,考查考生理解知识的能力。材料强调的是非公有制经济对湖南省经济发展的作用,A正确,应入选;B、C、D夸大了非公有制经济的作用,应排除。
第五篇:高中数学 第三章第1节随机事件的概率同步练习理 新人教A版必修3
高二数学人教新课标A版(理)
必修3第三章 第1节 随机事件的概率同步练习
(答题时间:45分钟)
一、选择题
1、下列现象是必然现象的是()
A.某路口单位时间内发生交通事故的次数 B.冰水混合物的温度是1℃ C.三角形的内角和为180°
D.一个射击运动员每次射击都击中
2、一个口袋内装有大小和形状都相同的一个白球和一个黑球,那么“从中任意摸出一个球,得到白球”这个现象是()
A.必然现象
B.随机现象
C.不可能发生
D.不能确定是哪种现象
3、以下现象是随机现象的是()A.过了冬天就是春天
B.物体只在重力作用下自由下落 C.不共线的三点能确定一个平面
D.2012年伦敦奥运会中国获得50枚金牌
4、如果事件A、B互斥,那么()
A.AB是必然事件
B.AB是必然事件
C.A与B一定互斥
D.A与B一定不互斥
5、从装有2个红球和2个白球的中袋内任取2个球,那么互斥而不对立的两个事件是()
A.至少有1个白球,都是白球
B.至少有1个白球,至少有1个红球 C.恰有1个白球,恰有2个白球 D.至少有1个白球,都是红球
二、填空题
6、在标准大气压下,温度超过0℃时,冰就融化。那么这个现象是______________。
7、将一枚硬币抛掷两次,记事件A:两次出现正面;事件B:只有一次出现正面是_______事件。(互斥,对立)
8、函数是增函数是__________________现象。
9、一批产品共有100件,其中5件是次品,95件是合格品,从这批产品中任意抽5件,现给以下四个事件:A.恰有1件次品;B.至少有2件次品;C.至少有1件次品;D.至多有1件次品;并给出以下结论:①A+B=C;②B+D是必然事件;③A+C=B;④A+D=C;其中正确的结论为__________(写出序号即可)。
三、解答题
10、判断下列每对事件是不是互斥事件:
①将一枚硬币抛掷两次,记事件A:两次出现正面;事件B:只有一次出现正面。②某人射击一次,记事件A:中靶;事件B:射中9环。
③某人射击一次,记事件A:射中环数大于5;事件B:射中环数小于5。
11、抛掷一枚骰子,用Venn图画出下列每对事件所含结果形成的集合之间的关系,并说明两者之间是否构成对立事件。
“朝上的一面数字不大于4”与“朝上的一面数字大于4”
12、某公务员去开会,他乘火车、轮船、汽车、飞机去的概率分别是0.3、0.2、0.1、0.4,求:
⑴他乘火车或乘飞机去的概率。⑵他不乘轮船去的概率。
⑶如果他去的概率为0.5,请问他有可能是乘何种交通工具去的?
一、选择题
1、C
2、B
3、D
4、B
5、C
二、填空题
6、必然现象
7、互斥
8、随机现象
9、①、②
三、解答题
10、① A、B互斥
② A、B不互斥
③A、B互斥
11、答:Venn图如下图所示,A与B之间为对立事件。
12、解:设乘火车去开会为事件A,乘轮船去开会为事件B,乘汽车去为事件C,乘飞机去为事件D,它们彼此互斥。
⑴P(A+D)=P(A)+P(D)=0.3+0.4=0.7 ⑵P=1-P(B)=1-0.2=0.8 ⑶∵P=0.5,∴他可能乘①火车或轮船,②汽车或飞机去。