维多利亚女王传读后感[模版]

第一篇：维多利亚女王传读后感[模版]

日不落帝国的缔造者

——读《维多利亚女王传》

英国这一日不落帝国，曾经有过两个黄金时代，让大部分崇拜者留下印象的或许只是伊丽莎白女王统治的时期，伊丽莎白时期的英国是内部极为强盛的时代，也是英国势力扩张的时代。然而，少许人钦慕的维多利亚时期却是把英国引领到一个与众不同的发展道路上，而在这一独特的发展路程中的核心就是本书的主人公——维多利亚女王。

由英国作家斯特雷奇撰写的《维多利亚女王传》围绕着女王的一生展开描写，从先辈的时代到维多利亚的幼年时代，从富有个性的少女时期到半成熟的结婚时期，从孀居期到老年期，每个时代的维多利亚在作者笔下显现出不同的性格与形象。作者没有意味地赞颂维多利亚，而是批判地分析维多利亚性格对英国发展的利弊。人的一生总是受不同的人所影响，维多利亚这位有血有肉的“欧洲的祖母”也不例外，而对她的一生甚至于对英国产生巨大影响的人，有与她最亲的母亲肯特公爵夫人、有她的导师男爵夫人、有她的朋友及参谋梅尔本勋爵、有她敬爱的丈夫艾伯特亲王、有既充满敌意又不可或缺的帕默斯顿勋爵、还有纠缠不清轮流影响的格莱斯顿先生和贝肯斯菲尔德勋爵，而这群人对维多利亚有着不同的情感，书中也详细地介绍了他们是如何影响这位有个性的女王，这就像是在看一系列的解谜故事，我们永远不会知道谁的影响何时开始，何时结束。

这位看似平淡的女王却以她的双重个性深深地影响了这个时代。她恪尽职守，却从不一手遮天。她有着王室惯养出的霸道与任性，在自己尊崇的人面前却乖顺如羊。她虽不乏女人的狭隘与善变，却也懂得宽容与任才。她是个追求和谐的中庸的统治者，维多利亚时代的英国却恰恰因为她的中庸而得到了自由的空间，得以奇葩倍出，人才济济，得以做出那么大的变革与发展。在斯特雷奇的笔下，她像这世上任何一个女人那样普通，却也让人明白，国家的强盛与否，更多地取决于为这个帝国作出努力的人才们，而统治者仅仅是个风向标与催化剂。

在这些对维多利亚产生重大影响的人物中，无疑起最重要作用也是改变维多利亚自身性格的人物当属她的丈夫艾伯特。艾伯特是一位富有贵族气质，富有智慧与创造力的亲王，他不仅影响着维多利亚，也影响了整个英国，整个欧洲。维多利亚对他的赞颂是溢于言表的，甚至乎过于追求完美地相信、崇拜她自己的丈夫，当然，影响是相对的，艾伯特也因为维多利亚大大地改变了自己的性格，从本身的内向追求平静变得开朗有创新，从原本的厌倦政事变为影响局势，他们之间相互影响的链锁也就来源于二人之间细腻的情感变化，这种情感作为一个读者的体验，就像是在坐过山车，有兴奋，有快感，也有害怕，有崩溃，以致于这段感情被导演让·马克·瓦雷演绎成一部令人深思的爱情电影《年轻的维多利亚》。

统治时期的兴衰不仅决定于统治者，更决定于当时的环境，没有当时的君主立宪制，或许维多利亚就不能这么轻松只依首相来完成大部分的工作，也正因为工作事项的减少才让维多利亚能够在在位期间到各地旅游，结识好友；没有当时的开放贸易，第一届世贸商品展览或许就不会在艾伯特手下举办成功。在这种看似有利实则煎熬的环境之下，维多利亚这个棱角鲜明的角色就显得尤为重要。

总体而言，《维多利亚女王传》是一本用客观的眼光看待一个被世人捧作珍宝的女人的书，让我看到了，维多利亚，一个兼有美貌与权欲的女人，过去的某个冗长的时期里，一个发光的世界在她的小手中转动着。

第二篇：读《维多利亚女王》有感

读《维多利亚女王》有感

亚利山德里娜·维多利亚（1819-1901），18岁登基，在位64年，是英国历史上统治时间最长的一位君主，正是在她执政期间，大英帝国辉煌到极点，“统御七海”，称霸世界，米字旗插遍了世界每一个角落，英国被称为了“日不落”帝国，她创造了一个繁荣昌盛的时代，史称“维多利亚时代”。

维多利亚是为王位而生的。乔治三世晚年精神失常，由其长子乔治四世摄政，乔治四世的独生女，王位继承人夏洛特公主难产而死，按英国王位继承制度，乔治三世的七个儿子中只有肯特公爵有机会成为合法继承人，此人便是维多利亚的父亲。肯特公爵在一个吉普赛巫师的预言下，决心为王嗣的延续而结婚，有计划地娶妻，生下了维多利亚。维多利亚是王位计划下的产物，她生下来就是要做女王的。

维多利亚的幸运让人羡慕，然而女王的成长历程并非一帆风顺。2岁的时候维多利亚失去了父亲——那个无论在生活上还是在知识品德情感上将为她精心设计的父亲。同时，维多利亚的伯父，乔治四世和威廉四世，似乎并不十分喜爱这个小公主，其母肯特公爵夫人与时任国王的威廉四世水火不容。

女王的成功除了幸运之外，女王自己后天的努力也起了关键作用。维多利亚丧父后一直按母亲所设计好的教育模式努力地向着女王的宝座积蓄力量。如果没有维多利亚自己的努力，即使她登上王位也不会有所成就，也只能是一位平庸的女王。所以，即使是上天为你铺好了道路，最后的成就依然取决于自己的努力。

肯特公爵夫人为了把小维多利亚培养成一个完美的英国公主，进行了周密的计划。11岁时，小维多利亚就掌握了一定的基督教义经典著作、历史、政治、语言文字和各细密的自然科学知识，并且掌握了德语、英语、法语和意大利语，对拉丁文也略知一二。严谨的教育使小维多利亚的知识储备丰富而合理，为未来对于国事的处理打下了坚实的基础。公爵夫人决心让自己的女儿从尽可能早的时刻就做好身居高位的准备，这种准备除了广博的知识储备，更重要的在于培养出一种足以博得人们尊敬的风范，朴素、守矩、讲礼、诚实而不失高贵。公爵夫人把对于基督教的虔诚的皈依看作养成这种风范的唯一途径。公爵夫人把将维多利亚培养成一个基督教女王看作自己一生的最高义务。日后，维多利亚登基时高贵的气质，君临天下的王者风范征服了英国民众与政府各界人士，人们无不为之叹服，拜倒在女王脚下。

女王幼年的成长经历让我感受到了教育与环境的影响力。维多利亚有一个伟大的母亲。

维多利亚女王也有固执、任性、专横的一面，一有机会她便毫不犹豫地维护、巩固甚至企图扩大自己的王权，加强王权的专制，但维多利亚从整体上是识时务的。对于上升时期的英国资产阶级而言，她基本上还是顺应了时代的潮流，这是最令我佩服的一点，在自己的欲望与现实之间，她能很好地作出选择，她战胜了自己。作为一个君王，维多利亚渴望权力，渴望至高无上，但当矛盾尖锐时，她也会选择让步，以顺应时代潮流，同时女王也有十分出众的社交能力，女王十分重视与首相的沟通交流，正是这两点使她让君主立宪制的英国在资产

阶级自由民主运动逐渐高涨的时期保持了繁荣，使王室的地位岿然不动，缔造了日不落帝国，把英国带到了一个辉煌的顶峰。

维多利亚是一个复杂体，她有时温柔、天真、善良，有时又强硬、狡猾、冷酷，读过这本书后，我深深地被维多利亚女王所折服，也许维多利亚称不上是一位伟人，但她是一个有内涵，有魅力的成功的女王。

第三篇：汉英对照：林则徐致英国维多利亚女王信

林则徐 致英国维多利亚女王信

Commissioner Lin: Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839

【Lin, high imperial commissioner, a president of the Board of War, viceroy of the two Keäng provinces, &c., Tang, a president of the Board of War, viceroy of the two Kwang provinces, &c., and E., a vice-president of the Board of War, lieut.-governor of Kwangtung, &c., hereby conjointly address this public dispatch to the queen of England for the purpose of giving her clear and distinct information(on the state of affairs)&c.From Ssuyu Teng and John Fairbank, China's Response to the West,(Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1954), repr.in Mark A.Kishlansky, ed., Sources of World History, Volume II,(New York: HarperCollins CollegePublishers, 1995), pp.266-69

Lin Tse-Hsu(1785-1850)was the Chinese Commissioner in Canton whose actions precipitated the Opium Wars(1839-1842).Although opium was used in China for centuries, it was not until the opening of the tea trade to Dutch and British merchants that China was able to import large quantities of the drug.By the early nineteenth century opium was the principal product that the English East India Company traded in China and opium addiction was becoming a widespread social problem.When the emperor's own son died of an overdose, he decided to put an end to the trade.Lin Tse-Hs? was sent.to Canton, the chief trading port of the East India Company, with instructions to negoiate an end to the importation of opium into China.The English merchants were uncooperative, so he seized their stores of opium.This led to immediate military action.The Chinese were decisively defeated and had to cede to a humiliating treaty that legalized the opium trade.As a result commissioner Lin was dismissed from office and sent into exile.】

1洪惟我大皇帝抚绥中外，一视同仁，利则与天下公之，害则为天下去之。盖以天地之心为心也。贵国王累世相传，皆称恭顺。

It is only our high and mighty emperor, who alike supports and cherishes those of the Inner Land, and those from beyond the seas-who looks upon all mankind with equal benevolence---who, if a source of profit exists anywhere, diffuses it over the whole world---who, if the tree of evil takes root anywhere, plucks it up for the benefit of all nations;---who, in a word, hath implanted in his breast that heart(by which beneficent nature herself)

governs the heavens and the earth!You, the queen of your honorable nation, sit upon a throne occupied through successive generations by predecessors, all of whom have been styled respectful and obedient.观历次进贡表文云：凡本国人到中国贸易，均蒙大皇帝一体公平恩待等语。窃喜贵国王深明大义，感激天恩，是以天朝柔远绥怀，倍加优礼。贸易之利，垂二百年。该国所由以富庶称者，赖有此也。

Looking over the public documents accompanying the tribute sent(by your predecessors)on various occasions, we find the following: “All the people of my country, arriving at the Central Land for purposes of trade, have to feel grateful to the great emperor for the most perfect justice, for the kindest treatment,” and other words to that effect.Delighted did we feel that the kings of your honorable nation so clearly understood the great principles of propriety, and were so deeply grateful for the heavenly goodness(of our emperor):---therefore, it was that we of the heavenly dynasty nourished and cherished your people from afar, and bestowed upon them redoubled proofs of our urbanity and kindness.It is merely from these circumstances, that your country---deriving immense advantage from its commercial intercourse with us, which has endured now two hundred years---has become the rich and flourishing kingdom that it is said to be!

2唯是通商已久，众夷良莠不齐，遂有夹带，诱惑华民，以致毒流各省者。似此但知利己，不顾害人，乃天理所不容，人情所共愤。大皇帝闻而震怒。特遣本大臣来至广东，与本总督部堂巡抚部院，会同查办。

But, during the commercial intercourse which has existed so long, among the numerous foreign merchants resorting hither, are wheat and tares, good and bad;and of these latter are some, who, by means of introducing opium by stealth, have seduced our Chinese people, and caused every province of the land to overflow with that poison.These then know merely to advantage themselves, they care not about injuring others!This is a principle which heaven's Providence repaginates;and which mankind conjointly look upon with abhorrence!Moreover, the great emperor hearing of it, actually quivered with indignation, and especially dispatched me, the commissioner, to Canton, that in conjunction with the viceroy and lieut.-governor of the province, means might be taken for its suppression!

凡内地民人贩食者，皆应处死。若追究夷人历年贩卖之罪，则其贻害深而攫利重，本为法所当诛。惟念众夷尚知悔罪乞诚，将趸船二万二百八十三

箱，由领事官义律，禀请缴收，全行毁化。叠经本大臣等据实具奏。幸蒙大皇帝格外施恩，以自首者，情尚可原，姑宽免罪。

Every native of the Inner Land who sells opium, as also all who smoke it, are alike adjudged to death.Were we then to go back and take up the crimes of the foreigners, who, by selling it for many years have induced dreadful calamity and robbed us of enormous wealth, and punish them with equal severity, our laws could not but award to them absolute annihilation!But, considering that these said foreigners did yet repent of their crime, and with a sincere heart beg for mercy;that they took 20,283 chests of opium piled up in their store-ships, and through Elliot, the superintendent of the trade of your said country, petitioned that they might be delivered up to us, when the same were all utterly destroyed, of which we, the imperial commissioner and colleagues, made a duly prepared memorial to his majesty;---considering these circumstances, we have happily received a fresh proof of the extraordinary goodness of the great emperor, inasmuch as he who voluntarily comes forward, may yet be deemed a fit subject for mercy, and his crimes be graciously remitted him.再犯者法难屡贷，立定新章。谅贵国王向化倾心，定能谕令众夷，兢兢奉法。但必晓以利害，乃知天朝法度，断不可以不懔遵也。

But as for him who again knowingly violates the laws, difficult indeed will it be thus to go on repeatedly pardoning!He or they shall alike be doomed to the penalties of the new statute.We presume that you, the sovereign of your honorable nation, on pouring out your heart before the altar of eternal justice, cannot but command all foreigners with the deepest respect to reverence our laws!If we only lay clearly before your eyes, what is profitable and what is destructive, you will then know that the statutes of the heavenly dynasty cannot but be obeyed with fear and trembling!

3查该国距内地六七万里，而夷船争来贸易者，为获利之厚故耳。以中国之利利外夷，是夷人所获之厚利，皆从华民分去。岂有反以毒物害华民之理。即夷人未必有心为害，而贪利之极，不顾害人，试问天良安在？

We find that your country is distant from us about sixty or seventy thousand miles, that your foreign ships come hither striving the one with the other for our trade, and for the simple reason of their strong desire to reap a profit.Now, out of the wealth of our Inner Land, if we take a part to bestow upon foreigners from afar, it follows, that the immense wealth which the said foreigners amass, ought properly speaking to be portion of our own native Chinese people.By what principle of reason then, should these foreigners send in return a poisonous drug, which involves in

destruction those very natives of China? Without meaning to say that the foreigners harbor such destructive intentions in their hearts, we yet positively assert that from their inordinate thirst after gain, they are perfectly careless about the injuries they inflict upon us!And such being the case, we should like to ask what has become of that conscience which heaven has implanted in the breasts of all men? 闻该国禁食甚严，是固明知之为害也。既不使为害于该国，则他国尚不可移害，况中国乎？

We have heard that in your own country opium is prohibited with the utmost strictness and severity:---this is a strong proof that you know full well how hurtful it is to mankind.Since then you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country, and above all others, how much less to the Inner Land!4中国所行于外国者，无一非利人之物。利于食，利于用，并利于转卖，皆利也。中国曾有一物为害外国否？况如茶叶大黄，外国所不可一日无也。中国若靳其利而不恤其害，则夷人何以为生？又外国之呢羽哔叽，非得中国丝斤不能成织。若中国亦靳其利，夷人何利可图？其余食物，自糖料姜桂而外，用物自绸缎磁器而外，外国所必需者，曷可胜数。而外来之物，皆不过以供玩好，可有可无。既非中国要需，何难闭关绝市。乃天朝于茶丝诸货，悉任其贩运流通，绝不靳惜。无他，利与天下公之也。

Of the products which China exports to your foreign countries, there is not one which is not beneficial to mankind in some shape or other.There are those which serve for food, those which are useful, and those which are calculated for re-sale;but all are beneficial.Has China(we should like to ask)ever yet sent forth a noxious article from its soil? Not to speak of our tea and rhubarb, things which your foreign countries could not exist a single day without, if we of the Central Land were to grudge you what is beneficial, and not to compassionate your wants, then wherewithal could you foreigners manage to exist? And further, as regards your woolens, camlets, and longells, were it not that you get supplied with our native raw silk, you could not get these manufactured!If China were to grudge you those things which yield a profit, how could you foreigners scheme after any profit at all? Our other articles of food, such as sugar, ginger, cinnamon, &c., and our other articles for use, such as silk piece-goods, chinaware, &c., are all so many necessaries of life to you;how can we reckon up their number!On the other hand, the things that come from your foreign countries are only calculated to make presents of, or serve for mere amusement.It is quite the same to us if we have them, or if we have them

not.If then these are of no material consequence to us of the Inner Land, what difficulty would there be in prohibiting and shutting our market against them? It is only that our heavenly dynasty most freely permits you to take off her tea, silk, and other commodities, and convey them for consumption everywhere, without the slightest stint or grudge, for no other reason, but that where a profit exists, we wish that it be diffused abroad for the benefit of all the earth!该国带去内地货物，不特自资食用，且得以分售各国，获利三倍。即不卖，而其三倍之利自在。何忍更以害人之物，恣无厌之求乎？设使别国有人贩至英国，诱人买食；当亦贵国王所深恶而痛绝之也。

Your honorable nation takes away the products of our central land, and not only do you thereby obtain food and support for yourselves, but moreover, by re-selling these products to other countries you reap a threefold profit.Now if you would only not sell opium, this threefold profit would be secured to you: how can you possibly consent to forgo it for a drug that is hurtful to men, and an unbridled craving after gain that seems to know no bounds!Let us suppose that foreigners came from another country, and brought opium into England, and seduced the people of your country to smoke it, would not you, the sovereign of the said country, look upon such a procedure with anger, and in your just indignation endeavor to get rid of it?

5向闻贵国王存心仁厚，自不肯以己所不欲者，施之于人。并闻来粤之船，皆经颁给条约，有不许携带禁物之语。是贵国王之政令本属严明。只因商船众多，前此或未加察。今行文照会，明知天朝禁令之严，定必使之不敢再犯。

Now we have always heard that your highness possesses a most kind and benevolent heart, surely then you are incapable of doing or causing to be done unto another, that which you should not wish another to do unto you!We have at the same time heard that your ships which come to Canton do each and every of them carry a document granted by your highness' self, on which are written these words “you shall not be permitted to carry contraband goods;” this shows that the laws of your highness are in their origin both distinct and severe, and we can only suppose that because the ships coming here have been very numerous, due attention has not been given to search and examine;and for this reason it is that we now address you this public document, that you may clearly know how stern and severe are the laws of the central dynasty, and most certainly you will cause that they be not again rashly violated!

且闻贵国王所邻之兰顿，及嘶噶兰、嗳伦等处，本皆不产。惟所辖印度地方，如孟啊啦、曼哒啦萨、孟买、叭哒拏默拏、嘛尔洼数处，连山栽种，开池制造。累月经年，以厚其毒。臭秽上达，天怒神恫。贵国王诚能于此等处拔尽根株，尽锄其地，改种五谷。有敢再图种造者，重治其罪。此真兴利除害之大仁政，天所佑而神所福，延年寿，长子孙，必在此举矣。Moreover, we have heard that in London the metropolis where you dwell, as also in Scotland, Ireland, and other such places, no opium whatever is produced.It is only in sundry parts of your colonial kingdom of Hindostan, such as Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Patna, Malwa, Benares, Malacca, and other places where the very hills are covered with the opium plant, where tanks are made for the preparing of the drug;month by month, and year by year, the volume of the poison increases, its unclean stench ascends upwards, until heaven itself grows angry, and the very gods thereat get indignant!You, the queen of the said honorable nation, ought immediately to have the plant in those parts plucked up by the very root!Cause the land there to be hoed up afresh, sow in its stead the five grains, and if any man dare again to plant in these grounds a single poppy, visit his crime with the most severe punishment.By a truly benevolent system of government such as this, will you indeed reap advantage, and do away with a source of evil.Heaven must support you, and the gods will crown you with felicity!This will get for yourself the blessing of long life, and from this will proceed the security and stability of your descendants!

6至夷商来至内地，饮食居处，无非天朝之恩膏，积聚丰盈，无非天朝之乐利。其在该国之日犹少，而在粤东之日转多。弼教明刑，古今通义。

In reference to the foreign merchants who come to this our central land, the food that they eat, and the dwellings that they abide in, proceed entirely from the goodness of our heavenly dynasty: the profits which they reap, and the fortunes which they amass, have their origin only in that portion of benefit which our heavenly dynasty kindly allots them: and as these pass but little of their time in your country, and the greater part of their time in ours, it is a generally received maxim of old and of modern times, that we should conjointly admonish, and clearly make known the punishment that awaits them.譬如别国人到英国贸易，尚须遵英国法度，况天朝乎？今定华民之例，卖者死，食者亦死。试思夷人若无带来，则华民何由转卖，何由吸食？是奸夷实陷华民于死，岂能独予以生？彼害人一命者，尚须以命抵之，况之害人，岂止一命已乎？故新例于带来内地之夷人，定以斩绞之罪。所谓为天

下去害者此也。

Suppose the subject of another country were to come to England to trade, he would certainly be required to comply with the laws of England, then how much more does this apply to us of the celestial empire!Now it is a fixed statute of this empire, that any native Chinese who sells opium is punishable with death, and even he who merely smokes it, must not less die.Pause and reflect for a moment: if you foreigners did not bring the opium hither, where should our Chinese people get it to re-sell? It is you foreigners who involve our simple natives in the pit of death, and are they alone to be permitted to escape alive? If so much as one of those deprive one of our people of his life, he must forfeit his life in requital for that which he has taken: how much more does this apply to him who by means of opium destroys his fellow-men? Does the havoc which he commits stop with a single life? Therefore it is that those foreigners who now import opium into the Central Land are condemned to be beheaded and strangled by the new statute, and this explains what we said at the beginning about plucking up the tree of evil, wherever it takes root, for the benefit of all nations.7复查本年二月间，据该国领事义律，以禁令森严，禀求宽限。凡印度港脚属地，请限五月，英国本地，请限十月。然后即以新例遵行等语。今本大臣等奏蒙大皇帝，格外天恩，倍加体恤。

We further find that during the second month of this present year, the superintendent of your honorable country, Elliot, viewing the law in relation to the prohibiting of opium as excessively severe, duly petitioned us, begging for “an extension of the term already limited, say five months for Hindostan and the different parts of India, and ten for England, after which they would obey and act in conformity with the new statute,” and other words to the same effect.Now we, the high commissioner and colleagues, upon making a duly prepared memorial to the great emperor, have to feel grateful for his extraordinary goodness, for his redoubled compassion.凡在一年六个月之内，误带，但能自首全缴者，免其治罪。若过此限期，仍有带来，则是明知故犯，即行正法，断不宽宥。可谓仁之至义之尽矣。Any one who within the next year and a half may by mistake bring opium to this country, if he will but voluntarily come forward, and deliver up the entire quantity, he shall be absolved from all punishment for his crime.If, however, the appointed term shall have expired, and there are still persons who continue to bring it, then such shall be accounted as knowingly violating the laws, and shall most assuredly be put to death!On no account 7

shall we show mercy or clemency!This then may be called truly the extreme of benevolence, and the very perfection of justice!我天朝君临万国，尽有不测神威，然不忍不教而诛。故特明宣定例。该国夷商欲图长久贸易，必当懔遵宪典，将永断来源，切勿以身试法。

Our celestial empire rules over ten thousand kingdoms!Most surely do we possess a measure of godlike majesty which ye cannot fathom!Still we cannot bear to slay or exterminate without previous warning, and it is for this reason that we now clearly make known to you the fixed laws of our land.If the foreign merchants of your said honorable nation desire to continue their commercial intercourse, they then must tremblingly obey our recorded statutes, they must cut off for ever the source from which the opium flows, and on no account make an experiment of our laws in their own persons!

王其诘奸除慝，以保乂尔有邦，益昭恭顺之忱，共享太平之福，幸甚，幸甚！

Let then your highness punish those of your subjects who may be criminal, do not endeavor to screen or conceal them, and thus you will secure peace and quietness to your possessions, thus will you more than ever display a proper sense of respect and obedience, and thus may we unitedly enjoy the common blessings of peace and happiness.What greater joy!What more complete felicity than this!接到此文之后，即将杜绝缘由，速行移覆，切勿诿延。

Let your highness immediately, upon the receipt of this communication, inform us promptly of the state of matters, and of the measure you are pursuing utterly to put a stop to the opium evil.Please let your reply be speedy.Do not on any account make excuses or procrastinate.A most important communication.P.S.We annex an abstract of the new law, now about to be put in force.“Any foreigner or foreigners bringing opium to the Central Land, with design to sell the same, the principals shall most assuredly be decapitated, and the accessories strangled;and all property(found on board the same ship)shall be confiscated.The space of a year and a half is granted, within the which, if any one bringing opium by mistake, shall voluntarily step forward and deliver it up, he shall be absolved from all consequences of his crime.”

This said imperial edict was received on the 9th day of the 6th month of the 19th year of Taoukwang, at which the period of grace begins, and runs on to the 9th day of the 12th month of the 20th year of Taoukwang, when it is completed.Source: From: Chinese Repository, Vol.8(February 1840), pp.497-503;reprinted in William H.McNeil and Mitsuko Iriye, eds., Modern Asia and Africa, Readings in World History Vol.9,(New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), pp.111-118.Scanned by Jerome S.Arkenberg, Cal.State Fullerton.The text has been modernized by Prof.Arkenberg.

第四篇：2018翻译硕士百科知识：维多利亚女王时代的英国

凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

2018翻译硕士百科知识：维多利亚女王

时代的英国

1、狄更斯——长篇小说《大卫•科波菲尔》，为幽默连环画配写的故事《匹克威克外传》，讽刺小说《董贝父子》，长篇小说《艰难时世》，历史小说《双城记》，小说《远大前程》(即《孤星血泪》)

2、萨克雷——长篇小说《名利场》，历史小说《亨利•艾斯蒙德》，自传体小说《潘登尼斯》

3、女作家夏洛蒂•勃朗特——长篇小说《简•爱》(作家与萨克雷同时代，她十分崇拜他，《简•爱》第二版题辞就是“献给萨克雷”)

4、夏洛蒂•勃朗特的妹妹艾米丽•勃朗特——长篇小说《呼啸山庄》

5、夏洛蒂•勃朗特和艾米丽•勃朗特的妹妹安妮•勃朗特——小说《野岗庄园房客》，记述了三姐妹的家事。

6、女作家盖斯凯尔夫人——《夏洛蒂•勃朗特传》《南与北》《露丝》

7、哈代——长篇小说《还乡》《德伯家的苔丝》《卡斯特桥市长》《无名的裘德》

8、1932年诺贝尔文学奖获得者现实主义小说家高尔斯华绥——《天涯海角》，《福尔赛世家》三部曲(《有产者》《骑虎》《出租》)，《现代喜剧》三部曲(《白猿》《银匙》《天鹅之歌》)

9、女作家伏尼契——《牛虻》

10、主张“为艺术而艺术”的唯美主义者王尔德——童话代表作《快乐王子》，小说《格雷的画像》 11、1925年诺贝尔文学奖获得者萧伯纳——戏剧集《不愉快的戏剧集》《愉快的戏剧集》，戏剧杰作《巴巴拉少校》，著名剧本《英国佬的另一个岛》《伤心之家》《苹果车》

12、毛姆——剧本《腓特烈夫人》，长篇小说《人生的枷锁》《月亮和六便士》

13、史蒂文生——传奇小说《宝岛》，《绑架》《卡特琳娜》，短篇故事集《新天方夜谭》，《化身博士》

14、科幻小说家威尔斯——《时间机器》《星际大战》《空中战争》《未来事物的面貌》《莫洛博士岛》《隐身人》《月球上的第一批人》

15、侦探小说家柯南道尔——《血字的研究》《四签名》《波希米亚丑闻》《五彩带》《红发会》《巴丝克维尔猎犬》„„(福尔摩斯)

16、意识流小说家乔伊斯——现代派作品的经典《尤利西斯》(模仿《奥德修记》)

17、现代派大诗人艾略特(注：十九世纪英国文学里，有两个艾略特，艾略特•G是位女作家，著有《弗洛斯河上的磨房》《织工马南》《米德尔马奇》等小说)艾略特•T•S是个男作家——著名长篇《荒原》，被推为现代派诗歌划时代的里程碑。1948年，诗作《四个四重奏》使诗人获诺贝尔文学奖。

(现代派文学的鼻祖：乔伊斯，艾略特，法国的普鲁斯特，奥地利卡夫卡)

第五篇：《伊丽莎白女王》读后感

《伊丽莎白女王》读后感

在单位不忙的时候断断续续的读完了老板的这本《伊丽莎白女王》传。伟大的女王，英国版的武则天。也许她本应该过着普通女孩由天真无邪的少女转为相夫教子的少妇，然后享尽天伦之乐后，带着亲人们的悲伤与祝福，安静的离开人世。但是天意弄人，她却出生在帝王之家。在她出生的那一刻，注定了她将远离那种一生都向往的平凡生活。也许当她安静的离开人世时，连她自己都不曾想过，这样艰辛而又遗憾的一生却成为了一个传奇。影响和鼓舞着后人，并且流传至今，永不褪色。

艰辛，是因为做为一个妇女，在当时还是存在着男尊女卑的时代里，想要统治一个王国，可以想像是多么的艰难。然而这就是她非同常人之处，她锐智，勇敢。会利用其他国家的求婚者来为英国谋取最大的利益。能够在宠臣莱斯特弄权时及时的收回权力。并且重用一位同样伟大的大臣塞西尔和他的儿子。勇敢的向法国和西班牙发起战争，来证明英国并不是一个任人宰割的小国。当然，她也有女性特有的仁慈的一面，这在她对待她的姐姐玛丽，和苏格兰女王玛丽的案件上都一一的表现了出来。她用女性的仁慈一次次的对她们宽恕，用亲人的关爱一次次的让法院延期对她们的审判。虽然由于政治上的判决，和英国的未来，这两位女王最后还是被她处死，但是女王同样也承受着失去亲人那种难以言表的痛苦。

遗憾，是她做为一个妇女，为了国家终身未嫁，因为她把自己嫁给了自己的国家。她爱过，最初情窦初开时，心弦曾被那个后来取了她继母凯瑟琳。帕尔的西摩拨动过。后来西摩叛乱被送进伦敦塔。她爱过，那个被她从普通人升至皇宫贵族的莱斯特，常常因为在宫廷里陪在女王的左右而受到妒嫉。当然女王的爱情是没有结果的。她不可以嫁给一个外国的君王，把整个英国做为嫁妆送给那个国家。她更不可能嫁给臣子，而成为一个真正的妇女，把大权交给一个本来还在自己地位之下的男人。

女王的晚年是孤独的。在最后的几年里，她还要更加伤心的处理最后一个卖国贼埃塞克斯。他是她晚年最喜欢的一个青年，给了他太多的权力让他非为，给了他太多的金钱让他挥霍，当然也给了他太多的厚爱让他总以为无论他犯了什么错都可以被宽恕。女王总认为埃塞克斯是一匹可以被训服的马，所以她总是不忍心判决他。到最后当一些人或事无意间让她想起这只马时，她还都表现出了惋惜，但是却不曾表现她对他判决的后悔，这就是女王。她行使王权的最后行动就是肯定詹姆斯继承王位。在1603年3月24日凌晨2-3点之间，安静的离开了人世。正如最光辉的太阳终于沉没在西方的乌云中一样。

看完这本书，我自己也在网上买了一本稍稍更详细的书来再一次体验女王的一生。本来打算看完这一本再写感受的，但是想想读后感在刚刚读完，才能写出自己当时的真正感受。所以先记来来。待看完自己的那一本再继续补充。