第一篇：英语翻译
浅谈《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的道德冲突
论文关键词：莎士比亚 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 道德冲突
论文摘要：本文通过对道德冲突这一概念的引入和分析，揭示了莎士比亚的古典爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中主人公罗密欧和朱丽叶所面临的来自封建旧生活与文艺复兴新生活以及两个封建家族之间的历史恩怨所带来的矛盾冲突；并试图探寻欧洲文艺复兴时期人们的人生观、价值观和审美取向，以及作为这个历史时代先进的人文主义者莎士比亚的个性解放、自由平等的资产阶级新思想。
所谓道德冲突指的是行为者面临这样一种处境：不同道德原则和道德规范对同一行为提出了不同的要求，迫使行为主体在两者之间作出抉择。面对此情此景，行为者不能同时遵守两者的要求，必须为了执行某个道德原则或规范而放弃另一道德原则或规范，为了实现某种道德价值而牺牲另一种道德价值。也就是说，面对道德冲突，个体无论作出什么样的选择，都必然带来一定的牺牲。在《罗密欧与朱丽叶》这部作品中，男女主人公生活的开始、展开与结束，就始终贯穿着这样一种道德冲突，而且最终以道德冲突的“彻底”解决，两人选择死亡而告终。
所以，在引导学生学习这部作品的过程中，握这种道德上的冲突，通过揭示主人公所面对的道德上矛盾与选择，准确地把握主人公的内心世界与精神面貌。
l作者及作品简介
威廉·莎士比亚(1564～1616)是英国最著名的戏剧家和诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。莎士比亚在戏剧和诗歌创作方面都作出了巨大的贡献，他一生写过37个剧本、两部长诗和一部十四行诗集，直到今天他的影响力仍弥久而深远。1984年选举世界1O名伟大作家时，莎士比亚名列第一；他被誉为“奥林匹亚山上的宙斯”。如今，“莎教师就要把学”已成为一门世界性的学问，其作品已被译成7O种文字，成为仅次于《圣经》的印刷品。
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是这位英国伟大的戏剧作家于1595年完成的早期创作，被誉为“世界上最伟大、最典型的爱情悲剧”。作品取材于两个世仇家族的子女：罗密欧与朱丽叶互相倾慕、一见钟情，但种种现实原因和偶然因素使他们的恋爱注定以失败而收尾。男女主人公冲破家族仇恨的世俗、义无反顾地追求着一份纯真的爱情，最终双双殉情而死，而两大家族却因此和解。莎翁在作品中通过一幕幕生死离别的爱情故事严厉谴责了封建家族的内讧和包办婚姻，并对追求爱情和自由青年男女给予热情的赞扬，充分体现出人文主义的思想。封建势力之间形成的悲剧性的道德冲突连同人文主义的爱情理想和封建观念无不以一种莎翁独有的表现方式震撼并感染着读者的心灵，引发了人们对这些现象更深层次的思考和探究，使读者更好地认识了阶级社会发展的特点和规律。
2道德冲突
2．1封建旧生活与文艺复兴新生活的矛盾冲突带给主人公的道德冲突
道德冲突是社会阶层矛盾的特殊反映。在道德选择的过程中，遵循不同的道德标准，即会产生出不同的道德和价值取向。道德冲突的特殊性则在于行为者在面对不同的道德准则时，往往处在进退两难的尴尬境地——遵循了某一道德准则要求的同时却违背了另一种道德规范；保全了这方利益，却又难也避免地损害并触犯了另一方。在现实社会生活中各类的道德冲突是普遍存在的，而其中的客观性和必然性也是必须认真面对并冷静分析的问题。罗密欧和朱丽叶生活在黑暗的行将崩溃的中世纪，这一时期虽然资本主义的曙光已经显现，但腐朽的封建制度以及封建的伦理观念仍然占有重要地位；也就是说，罗密欧与朱丽叶之间的爱情实际上一开始就是在传统的伦理道德与新的道德之间产生的，尽管新生的力量还不强大，但是它反映了社会发展的一种方向。因此，这也注定了罗密欧与朱丽叶两人之间的爱情不可避免地受到封建世俗观念的冲击，他们之间的爱情时时有风雨袭来。罗密欧与朱丽叶的一见钟情，使他们陷入了自有爱情和封建世仇的矛盾之中。他们纯洁美好的爱情理想能否实现取决于他们的自由意志与周围环境斗争的结果，而整部戏则围绕这一冲突展开。罗密欧与朱丽叶生存的时代虽然处于中世纪封建统治的时期，但在这个追求个性解放、思想自由的人文主义理念不断发展的时代，人们开始同腐朽没落的封建统治进行激烈的斗争。戏剧的主人公罗密欧和朱丽叶，首先面对的矛盾是屈从于封建的传统还是勇敢地追求爱情生活。追求爱情生活，就意味着违背常理，不为传统所接受；放弃爱情生活，就意味着要忍受没有爱情的人生。深受时代精神影响的罗密欧与朱丽叶选择了以坚决的态度和勇敢的牺牲精神去捍卫人性的尊严和自由，追求属于自己的一份纯洁而美好的爱情，最终两人在劳伦斯神父的帮助下幸福地完成了婚事。然而，他们选择新生活的结果，必然遭到封建势力的压迫与排挤。作品当中提伯尔特的挑衅，便意味着一种封建势力对他们爱情生活的压迫。面对这样的压迫，对生活无限热爱的罗密欧，希望通过自己的努力来化解种种矛盾，为了自己的新生活一忍再忍，并且公开表示尊重仇人的姓氏就像尊重自己的姓氏一样。但是这种忍让换来的不是他想要的结果，而是不得已的决斗。而罗密欧的决斗，又象征了一种反抗精神，但这种反抗精神，招来的是更为悲惨的结局。罗密欧因为参加决斗而遭到放逐，使得刚刚作了几个钟头的幸福的新郎、新娘面对痛苦的分离；罗密欧被放逐，朱丽叶必须在新生活与旧传统之间作出抉择。面对凯普莱特的逼婚，朱丽叶开始与封建势力正面的冲突，爱情给予她巨大力量和智慧，她毫不畏惧，毫不迟疑地违抗父命，果断地拒绝与帕里斯结婚。她理智、沉着地应战，先是借口表兄暴死，悲伤使她不能结婚；尔后又借口去忏悔，最后得到神父的再次帮助，吞服安眠药，假装死亡，取得胜利。然而，这种胜利只是暂时性的，无论她怎样地充满理智与智慧，封建势力都不会让它得到真正的幸福。正如罗密欧在临死前意识到的那样，他们面对的不是一个家族，而是这“万恶世纪”，是充满了腐朽意识、充满了偏见的封建社会。
2．2两个家族之间的矛盾冲突引起的主人公的道德冲突
在现实社会生活中，人们往往同时扮演多种不同的社会角色，继而也会面临道德选择的多重标准和要求。人们会经常由于要遵守道德体系中某一准则和要求，无形中触犯和违背了另一种准则和要求，导致了道德冲突的种种局面和情形。显然，同一道德体系下的不同道德要求都有其自身的道德价值，道德冲突其实就是一种利益的选择和判断，体现出的实则是大与小、重与轻、缓与急、高层次要求和低层次要求之间的矛盾。
在《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，封建世仇的代表是双方的家族。两位主人公均出生于意大利维罗纳城的两个名门望族；不论是凯普莱特，还是蒙太古家庭，都不会允许自己的子女追求婚姻自由。而且，这两个富有的贵族凯普莱特与蒙太古家族，很久以来就有世仇，两家结怨多年，互相争斗，视对方为仇敌；在街上偶然相遇尚且会引起械斗，更别说是容忍自己的后代之间发生真挚的爱情了。可以说，他们的家族矛盾时刻处在一种水火不容的爆发边缘。两位主人公遇到的第二个道德上的冲突实质就是维护家族的尊严与追求爱情的道德上的冲突。这一对封建家族仇恨的牺牲品在追求爱情生活的道路上，不仅受困于腐朽的封建伦理道德，而且也遇到了来自家庭内部的压迫。在这部作品中，不论是罗密欧还是朱丽叶在追求爱情的过程中，内心始终充满了是维护家族尊严还是追求爱情生活的矛盾和斗争。
男主人公罗密欧不同于一般的贵族青年，他真挚、多情，对封建家族的世仇的态度是冷淡的，也是理智的。他无视家族仇恨，勇敢地参加凯普莱特家的舞会，与朱丽叶相遇后，被朱丽叶的美貌深深地打动，认为朱丽叶像是“天上的明珠降落人间”，“火炬远不及她的光明”，真诚地爱上了朱丽叶。当他知道自己无意中爱上了他的仇人，这件事让他很苦恼。而苦恼的原因，也正是因为两个家族之间存在着的难以化解的恩恩怨怨。在维护家族与追求爱情两者的冲突中，他选择了追求爱情。当他面对被放逐的命运时，他的内心再一次面临冲突，不愿忍受孤独更不愿意离开心爱的人，他觉得被放逐比死刑更可怕。当他获悉朱丽叶已死，他虽
然立刻购买毒药前往朱丽叶的墓地，并决心服毒自杀，但在他l临死前却说，“来，苦味的向导，绝望的领港人，现在赶快把你的厌倦于风涛的船舶向那岩上冲撞过去吧!为了我的爱人，我干了这一杯!’这是罗密欧内心世界的真实独白，表达了他反对封建传统、捍卫爱情权利的意志与决心。这一次，罗密欧遇到了生与死的冲突，虽然为了爱情，他义无返顾，但他追求的是一种纯真的爱情、美好的生活，而不是看到心爱的人离开人世。他多么希望与自己心爱的人过一种幸福的生活啊!但不论他怎样地挣扎，却一步步离他心中的幸福生活越越远，他痛恨，“苦味”的向导，“绝望”的领港人，但，为了心中的爱情，“我干了这一杯”。
女主人公朱丽叶在父母眼里是个循规蹈矩的姑娘，被捧之为掌上明珠。但是在假面舞会上遇到罗密欧后，顿时便一见钟情。在和罗密欧相爱的过程中，她也是充满了内心的矛盾与斗争，面临着种种道德冲突。初次见到罗密欧就深深地爱上了他，但他却是自己的家族世仇蒙太古的公子，是维护由封建偏见铸成的家族尊严，还是冲破偏见追求真正的爱情，这不能不引起朱丽叶思想上的矛盾和斗争。她充满柔情地呼唤着罗密欧，“罗密欧啊，罗密欧!为什么你偏偏是罗密欧呢?否认你的父亲，抛弃你的姓名吧!也许你不愿意这样做，那么只要你宣誓做我的爱人，我也不愿再姓凯普菜特了。”作者在这里真实地描绘出了朱丽叶的内心世界的矛盾。当罗密欧不得已刺死了寻衅的提伯尔特，将要被放逐时，朱丽叶的内心又面临着第二次的矛盾和斗争，一方面是自己的表兄被杀，另一方面“凶手”正是自己的爱人；前者代表旧的生活，后者代表新的生活，在“新”与“旧”之间，朱丽叶再次陷入了痛苦和迷惘。在罗密欧被放逐的日子里，父亲逼迫她嫁给亲王的亲戚伯爵帕里斯．朱丽叶的内心又再次充满了矛盾与斗争；是屈从于父母之命，像封建道德所要求的那样，做个百依百顺的好女儿、好妻子呢，还是维护自己做人的尊严，维护自己争取幸福的权利呢?朱丽叶这种内心的矛盾与斗争，实际上仍然是新旧两种道德之间的斗争和冲突的反映。这种内心的矛盾与冲突，细致地刻画出了主人公的内心世界与精神面貌；也正是因为这样的矛盾与冲突，我们看到了一个有血有肉、感情丰富的朱丽叶。
在整部作品之中，两位主人公始终充满着青春的朝气与活力，他们在追求爱情自由和婚姻幸福的道路上，展现出了新时代的人文气息和抗争精神；他们的爱轰轰烈烈、坚贞不屈，他们以自己短暂却又气势磅礴的一生诠释了爱情的真谛和崇高的人生信仰与追求，谱写了一曲激情洋溢的青春之歌。
3结语
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》不仅体现了莎士比亚在早期作品中大力宣扬的以个性解放为核心的人文主义思来想，即肯定现世生活，认为现世幸福高于一切，人生的目的就是追求个人自由和个人幸福；而且反映出罗密欧与朱丽叶在中世纪腐朽而野蛮的伦理观念和强大的封建势力的压迫下坚定不移地追求自由、幸福生活的人生理想。透过《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中主人公所面临的种种道德冲突、道德思考以及道德选择，莎士比亚笔下的人物的形象既显得非常生动，同时又是如此的真实。莎翁更是将生活的多样性与矛盾性活生生地展示在了读者的面前，一方面是封建传统制度与伦理道德，另一方面是那个历史时代人文主义者的理想和追求。任何一部文学作品中，艺术典型总是一定时代、一定社会力量的代表。它们都反映着一定社会力量的要求，罗密欧与朱丽叶就是符合人文主义理想的正面人物。当罗密欧和朱丽叶陷入自由爱情与封建家族世仇的矛盾中时，他们选择了积极的抗争，用结束生命这样坚决的行为，捍卫了他们爱情的自由与尊严，显示出了人文主义精神的伟大。
罗密欧与朱丽叶的性格和思想特征对于封建贵族阶级来说是个特殊的现象，但莎士比亚在对这两个主人公的刻画中，概括出了现实生活中新旧两种思想的不可调和的矛盾性和斗争性，以及人们对美好理想和生活的热烈追求。这部作品更是反应出作为这个历史时代先进的人文主义者莎士比亚的希望和追求。男女主人公的纯洁的爱情、互相忠诚的力量，以及对封建道德偏见的反抗精神，都表现了封建社会崩溃前夕人民的典型特征；这也使得罗密欧与朱
丽叶成为深受读者喜爱的，具有无限生命力的艺术形象。由此，我们更可强烈地感受到文学巨匠莎士比亚那高超的艺术手法与卓越的艺术才能。
第二篇：英语翻译[模版]
Unit 1
1.被警察询问时，杰夫极力保持冷静，沉着地回答每个问题。
Jeff tried to keep his composure and answer every question calmly when inquired by the policeman.2.油价不断上涨，世界各国都不同程度地受到了影响。
With oil prices keeping on increasing, all the countries in the world have been affected(in)one way or another.3.他在会上提出了一系列可能避免环境污染的措施。
At the meeting he proposed a series of measures that might ward off the environmental pollution.4.迈克向他父亲保证他一定会全身心投入到即将到来的比赛上。
Mike assured his father that he would put his whole heart into the coming competition.5.一旦玛丽下定决心，就绝不会动摇。
Mary will never waver once she makes up her mind.Unit 3
1.天气骤然变坏，寻找伤员的工作要加紧进行。
Efforts to reach the injured men should be intensified because of the sudden deterioration in weather conditions.2.有些人可能沉溺于网上冲浪，这会危害他们的身心健康。
Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.3.地球和它表面的一切，不管是有生命的还是没有生命的，相互作用来影响我们的生活。
The Earth and everything on it, living and nonliving, interact to exert influence on the life we have.4.穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。
Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.5.到目前为止，还没有迹象表明人们对此品牌感到疲倦。So far there is no sign of fatigue with the brand.Unit 4
1.在一个没有为高温炎热做好准备的国家，这是紧急事件。
In a country that is not equipped for severe heat, this is an emergency.2.房间里闹哄哄的，他不得不竖起耳朵来听电话。
It was so noisy in the room that he had to pull his ears to hear the phone.3.这是一项令人兴奋的工作，但有几分危险。This is an exciting job, but kind of dangerous.4.很难预测这些事情的结果是什么。
It is hard to predict how these things will turn out.5.谁也不知道怎么办。即使知道也将会是摸着石头过河。
Nobody knows how to figure them out.Even if somebody seems to know, it is still “crossing a river by feeling for the stones”.Unit 6
1.他用冷漠的态度面对别人的侮辱。
He reacted to the insult by acting as cold as ice.2.在生活中，有原则的人宁愿死得有尊严也不愿苟且偷生。
In life, a man of principle prefers to die with dignity instead of living in disgrace.3.几个警察不得不护送这位裁判离开足球场。
Several policemen had to escort the referee from the football field.4.她总觉得自己受制于人。
She always has the feeling that she is being manipulated.5.万一有特殊情况，学生们应该向警察求助。
In case of exceptional circumstances, students should turn to the police for help.
第三篇：英语翻译
精读Unit1 1)Mrs.Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。2)I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.我坚信，阅读简写的英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
3)I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.我认为我们在保护环境不受污染方面还做得不够。4)Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。
5)We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。
6)Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。
7)If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me.And I’ll explain them in greater detail.如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。8)The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese.That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。
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精读Unit4 1)To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn't mind。
接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。2)It is well known that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。3)My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood.我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。
4)I propose that we go to find Prof.Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening。
我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史密斯教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。
5)Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。
6)Educators think that the generation growing up with television spends so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study.教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。
7)I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this one.我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。
8)At first glance the picture didn't look very good, but after examining it carefully, we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。
精读Unit6 1)It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a
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flood.据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。2)The strike resulted in the management's accepting the workers' demands.罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。3)The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions.煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。
4)I'd like very much to buy the English dictionary.Unfortunately, I haven't got enough money on me.我很想买这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。
5)I'd like to talk over with you about the English translation of the article before sending it to Mr.Hobbs.我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。
6)The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his aims in three years.那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。
7)What do you think a scientist must do in order to keep up with the latest developments in his field? 一个科学家要跟上本领域的新发展，你认为必须做些什么?
8)The author thinks that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to produce.作者认为，如果优秀工人经常得到加薪和提拔，他们就会有更大的生产积极性。
精读unit9 1)Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.工厂和汽车排出的一氧化碳一类气体严重污染了大气。
2)The industrial engineer's letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.那位工业管理工程师的来信表明，他对该项计划是否可行有怀疑。3)Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children's
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education before they are born.在美国，许多父母在孩子出生之前就为他们的教育留出一笔专款。
4)I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.我已了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的。
5)The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountain area a few days ago.几天前，由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了。
6)The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.这个村庄是以矗立在它前面的那座高山命名的。
7)He was ill for about a month, which has really set him back in his studies.他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了很多。8)The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.南方和北方之间于一八六一年爆发的那场战争在历史上称为“美国内战”。
泛读text1 1)Faced with a lot of evidence, the man had to admit that he was the head of the drug ring.这些人面对许多证据，不得不承认他是贩毒团伙的头目。2)Tommy offered to drive us to the seaside in his car, but insisted we should share the petrol costs.汤米主动提出开他的车送我们去海滨，但坚持要我们分担汽油费。
3)On-the-job smoking is not allowed in our company.So many employees have to give up smoking or reduce the amount they smoke.我们公司不允许上班时吸烟。于是许多雇员不得不戒烟或者减少吸烟量。
4)When you apply for a job, the first thing the employer sees is your resume.当你申请职位时，雇主首先看到你的履历。
5)When you find yourself often upset about small matters, you’d better
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cultivate a hobby.你如果发现自己常为一些小事烦恼，你最好培养一种兴趣爱好。
泛读text8 1）Those who expect to have a good command of English within a few months should bear in mind that there is no short cut in language learning.那些指望在几个月内就掌握英语的人应该记住，语言学习没有捷径可走。
2)It’s a great idea to stay overnight at your house, but I had better talk it over with my parents in case they don’t agree.在你家过夜是个好主意，但是我最好还是跟我父母商量一下，以防他们不同意。
3)He advised me to make sure that the second-hand car was in good condition before I made a decision to buy it.他忠告我在决定买那辆二手车前先弄清楚车况是否良好。
4)If you don’t cut in half the numbers of the courses you’re going to take next semester, I’m sure you will be weighed down.如果你不把下学期要选的课程门数减半，我肯定到时你会累垮。
5.As for my house in the countryside, I only live there every summer;I don’t intend to move in for good.至于我在乡下的那套房子，我只是每年夏天去住一下，并不打算永久迁人。
泛读text19
1)Employees hate seeing their boss walking in and out of their office without even giving them a glance
雇员们最讨厌看见老板进进出出办公室二不屑看他们一眼。
2)If we stay up till three in the morning, we’ll be able to hear the American election results.如果我们熬到凌晨3点，就能听到美国大选的结果。3)A policeman has to know as much law as a professional lawyer.He should know what actions are crimes and what evidence he should gather to prove the crimes in courts.一名警察必须像一位职业律师一样通晓法律。
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他应当知道什么行为是犯罪，他应当收集什么样的证据在法庭上证实这些罪行。
4)Your father is talking business with his colleagues in the study.So don’t bother him.你父亲在书房里和他的同事谈正事，请不要打捞他。5)Mary and I are good friends.We can read each other’s minds and know each other’s deepest secrets.玛丽和我是好朋友。我们能看出彼此的心事，并知道对方心中深藏的秘密。
6)We have to increase our sales one way or another.We can sell our sportswear through big department stores and supermarkets instead of the small, specialist shops.无论如何我们得扩大营销量。我们可以通过大百货商场和超市而不是小的专卖店来出售我们的运动服。
泛读text24 1)Each day there are a good number of people on their way to somewhere around the world.Some are travelling for pleasure, while others on business.每天都有很多人到世界各地旅行。有的外出游玩，有的因公出差。
2)When we were travelling in Europe, we usually rode in the train from one country to another.我们在欧洲旅行的时候，通常都是乘火车从一个国家到另一个国家。
3)He drew me a map to make sure I could easily find his apartment.为了确保我能轻松的找到他住的公寓，他给我画了张地图。
4)It’s good manners to tip a waiter or waitress for the service you have received when you dine out.在外用餐的时候，为你所得到的服务而付给服务生一些小费是一种礼貌。
5)The worst thing about working in the shop is that you’re on your feet all day.商店里工作最让人受不了的是你得整天站着。
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第四篇：英语翻译
英译中
1.At the foot of the Mt.Huangshan(黄山), in the bend of Xin’an River(新安江), lies the beautiful mountain town called “Tunxi”(“屯溪”).在黄山脚下，新安江湾，坐落着一个美丽的山镇“屯溪”。
2.The Old Street of Tunxi(屯溪老街)is located in the old city.The street starts in the west at Zhenhai Bridge(镇海桥), a stone arch bridge built during the Ming Dynasty, and ends in the east at the Memorial Archway(牌坊碑).Its total length is about 1.5km and the street is laid with slab stones(用石板铺成).屯溪老街位于老街旧城，西起明代修建的石拱桥镇海桥，东止牌坊碑，全长1.5公里。街道全部用石板铺成。
3.There are hundreds of old but well preserved rows of shops, evoking a bygone era in buildings that are simple and elegant(淡雅古朴).The shops, workshops and residences have continued to maintain the special layout of ancient stores such as shop in the front and workshop or house in the back(前店后坊、前店后户).街道两旁是数百家店铺，鳞次栉比，保存完好，透溢出一股过去那种淡雅古朴的建筑风韵。店铺、仓库和居所仍然保持了古代商铺那种前店后坊、前店后户的特殊结构。
4.Situated at the confluence(交汇处)of the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)and the Yangtze River(长江)in the north-eastern Hunan Province, Yueyang is a celebrated ancient city of culture.It has been known for “the waters of Dongting are well-known across the land;the tower of Yueyang is simply beyond compare”(“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”)to the world.岳阳位于湖南省东北部，洞庭湖与长江交汇处，是一座文化古城，素有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”之美誉。
5.Yueyang Tower stands on the west gate of the old city.It is a three-story wooden structure(纯木结构建筑), 19 meters tall, with upturned eaves and a helmet shaped roof(飞檐盔顶), supported by four pillars.The structure is a unique combination of artistic taste, mechanics, architecture, and craftsmanship.After you ascend the tower you will have a spectacular view of the Dongting Lake.岳阳楼矗立在老城的西城门上，是一座三层纯木结构建筑，由4根大柱子支撑，有19米高，飞檐盔顶，工艺独特，造型精美。登楼可以欣赏美丽的洞庭风光。
6.The predecessor(前身)of Yueyang Tower was a structure built By Lu Su(鲁肃)in the Three Kingdoms Period(三国时期)for reviewing military parades.It was expanded into a tower in 716 by Zhang Shuo(张说)and given its present name.岳阳楼的前身是三国时期鲁肃修建的阅兵台。公元716年，张说在此扩建成楼，并命名为岳阳楼。
7、The snow scene of the West Lake enjoyed very high praise, especially the view of “melting snow at broken bridge”(“断桥残雪”)is unique in the winter of the West Lake.西湖雪景最是为人称道，而“断桥残雪”又为西湖冬季的一处独特景观。
8.Why it is called as “malting snow on the broken bridge”, there are different sayings(众说纷纭).One of them is that it snows almost every winter in Hangzhou.“断桥残雪”得名由来，众说纷纭。一说每至冬令时节，杭州必会白雪皑皑。
9.When the sun comes out after snowfall, the snow on the sunny side of the bridge(桥阳面)melts first, while the snow on the shady side still lingers.每当瑞雪初晴，桥阳面冰雪消融，而桥阴面仍然玉砌银铺。
10.Zhouzhuang Town(周庄镇)is located 38 kilometers southeast of Suzhou City，33 kilometers southwest of Kunshan City(昆山市).With a history of more than 900 years, it is just like a pearl set near the bank of Dianshan Lake(淀山湖).周庄镇位于苏州城东南38公里，昆山市境内西南33公里，宛如一颗灿烂明珠镶嵌在淀山湖畔，已有九百余年的历史。
11.The river course of the town takes the shape of Chinese Character “#”(呈井字型).Houses are all built along the river.Over sixty percent of dwelling-houses out of almost one thousand were built in the Ming or Qing dynasties.古镇区内河道呈井字型，民居依河筑屋，依水成街。镇上近千户人家明清建筑占百分之六十以上。
12.Over the river are 14 bridges built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, among which there is a unique bridge in China-Fu’an Bridge(富安桥)and the world famous Double Bridge(双桥).河道上横跨14座建于元、明、清代的古桥梁，其中有国内仅存的富安桥和闻名中外的双桥。
13.The Zhang’s Residence was built by Xu Kui’s descendants.The folk sayings that “The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house” define its architectural characteristics.徐逵后裔(descendants)建有张厅(The Zhang’s Residence)，民间所说“轿从前门进，船从家中过”(“The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house”)生动形象地描绘了其建筑特色。
14.The Shen’s Residence which has 7 courtyards with 5 doors was built by Shen Wansan’s descendants.In addition, there is Ye Chucang’s Former Residence.沈万山(Shen Wansan)后裔建有七进五门楼的沈厅(The Shen’s Residence), 这里还有叶楚伧故居(Ye Chucang’s Former Residence)等。
15.Mt.Huangshan has all the charm of landscape in China while Zhouzhuang boasts all the beautiful features of Chinese water town.Zhouzhuang is worth of the fame as the “first water town in China.”
黄山集中国山川之美，周庄集中国水乡之美。周庄被誉为“中国第一水乡”(the “first water town in China”)，名不虚传。
16.Mt.Taishan is located in the center of Shandong Province spanning(跨越)the cities of Taian(泰安)and Jinan(济南), extending for total area of 250 kilometers.泰山位于山东省中部，跨越泰安、济南两市。总面积250平方公里。
17.It boasts of a wealth of natural legacies(自然遗产).A large number of scenic spots were given names since ancient times.They include 112 peaks, 98 precipitous ridges, 18 rock caves, 58 odd shaped rocks, 102 streams and valleys, 56 pools and waterfalls, 64 springs.她拥有丰富的自然遗产。景区内自古命名的山峰112座，崖岭98座，岩洞18处，奇石58块，溪谷102条，潭池瀑布56处，山泉64处。
18.There are 989 species of plants falling into 114 families, and vegetation coverage(植被覆盖率)of 79.9 percent.泰山共有植物144科，989种，植被覆盖率为79.9％。
19.Mt.Qingcheng(青城山)is situated 63 kilometers west of Chengdu(成都).Characterized by its secluded and quiet environment, the scenic area is surrounded by ring-shaped peaks(群峰环绕).青城山坐落于成都市西郊63公里处，群峰环绕，环境幽静，尽显清幽本色。
20.It enjoys equal fame for steepness with Jianmen(剑门), for elegance with Mt.Emei(峨眉)and for grandeur with Kuimen(夔门).It has been widely acclaimed as the “most secluded mountain under the heaven”(“青城天下幽”).青城山之幽，与剑门之险，峨眉之秀，夔门之雄齐名，素有“青城天下幽”之美誉。
21.In Chinese Qingcheng literally means “green city”(“绿色的城郭”).Mt.Qingcheng gets its name because the main scenic spots such as the Tianshi Cave(天师洞)are all surrounded by 36 mountain peaks with their forests of lush evergreen trees encircling each spot like a city wall.青城山顾名思义，意为“绿色的城郭”，其主要景点如天师洞青山环列，树木葱翠，三十六座山峰层峦迭嶂，状若城郭，故此得名。
中译英
1.屯溪老街多数房屋仅为三层，具有鲜明的徽派建筑特色：白粉墻、小青瓦、雕梁画栋。
Most of the buildings are only three stories high in the Old Street of Tunxi.They are decorated with white walls, small green tiles, wood carvings in the distinct Hui style.2.老街是一条商业步行街。安徽、江浙、福建的商人在此聚集，摩肩接踵，一派“清明上河图”的景象。
The Old Street is a commercial street that is only for pedestrians.The merchants from Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces jostle each other in a crowd that resembles the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival”.3.一位西欧建筑家到老街时说，在这里他找到了“东方古罗马”。
An ancient Western-European architect once visited the Old Street and said that he had found “the Eastern Ancient Rome.”
4.1044年，宋代官员滕子京谪守巴陵郡，重修了岳阳楼，并于翌年请当时著名的政治家、文学家范仲淹撰文以记之。
In 1044, Teng Zijing, a Song Dynasty official, was banished to Baling Prefecture and renovated the tower.The following year he asked Fan Zhongyan, a well-known statesman and man of letters of the time, to write an essay to mark the renovated tower.5.这篇名为《岳阳楼记》的文章语言精美，思想深邃，其文学成就无以伦比，因而名扬四方。
The essay entitled Notes on Yueyang Tower, is considered matchless in literary achievement and profound thought, has made the theme of his writing famous far and wide.6.文中一幅对子“先天下这忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”为每个中国人所熟悉。
One couplet in the essay, “Be concerned before anyone else becomes concerned;enjoy yourself only after everyone else finds enjoyment.” has become familiar to every Chinese
7.从附近小山上极目远眺，那小桥好似桥断一般。
Looked at a distance or from a nearby hill, the little bridge appears to be broken.8.待到冬日雪霁，伫立桥头，放眼四望，远山银装素裹，更加妩媚迷人，是欣赏西湖雪景之佳地。
On fine winter days after a snow, you may stand on the bridge to feast your eyes on the snow scene far and near.Distant hills, clad in white, grow more enchanting.It is a best venue for you to watch the snow scene of the West Lake.9.而中国民间传说“白蛇传”又为断桥景物增添了些许浪漫色彩。
The Chinese folk story “The Tale of White Snake” brings the broken bridge some romance.10.泰山古称岱山(Daishan)，春秋时期被尊为(revered as)东岳(East Sacred Mountain)。其山势磅礴雄伟，峰峦突兀峻拔(abruptly rising)，景色壮丽。
Mt.Taishan was known in ancient times as Daishan and revered as the East Sacred Mountain in the Spring and Autumn Period.It presents the loftiness and grandeur with abruptly rising majestic peaks and crests.The sceneries are spectacular.11.中国历代帝王秦始皇、汉武帝、唐玄宗、清帝乾隆等均曾到泰山封禅(hold grand sacrificial ceremonies)，历代七十二君主到此祭告天地(offer sacrifices to heaven and earth)。
Many Chinese emperors including Qin Shihuang, Wu Di of the Han Dynasty, Xuan Zong of the Tang Dynasty and Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty held grand sacrificial ceremonies on its summit.All through the dynasties 72 emperors had come here to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth.12.风景区拥有延续数千年的历史文化遗产。现有古建筑群22处，古遗址97处，历代碑碣(commemorative stone tablets)819块，历代刻石(inscribed rocks)1800余处。
With Cultural legacies handing down through thousands of years, the scenic area houses 22 groups of ancient architectures, 97 ancient remains, 819 commemorative stone tablets and 1,800 inscribed rocks.13.青城山位于四川省西部，群峰环绕，清幽隐逸(tranquil and secluded)，林木清幽，是著名的旅游景点和避暑胜地(summer resort)。
The ring-shaped hills, tranquil and secluded, covered with luxuriant vegetation, make Mt.Qingcheng in the western part of Sichuan Province, a famous tourist site and summer resort.14.作为一座道教名山(a famous Taoist mountain)，道教的发祥地和道教发展的重要基地，青城山已有两千多年的历史了。青城山以其清幽的环境和其在道教中的重要性而独具一格(unique)。
As the birthplace of Taoism and an important base of Taoism development, it has been a famous Taoist mountain for almost 2000 years.Mt.Qingching is unique for its secluded environment and for its Taoist significance.15.1982年，青城山被国务院(State Council)评定为全国首批重点风景名胜区(China National Key Tourist Resort)。2000年，青城山和都江堰(Dujiangyan Irrigation Project)联名被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列入世界文化遗产名录(List of World Cultural Heritage)。
In 1982, it was ratified as one of first group of China National Key Tourist Resorts by the State Council.In 2000, together with the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, it was inscribed on the List of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.
第五篇：英语翻译
1.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他? What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 2.由于受到原子辐射，他最终在工作时倒下了。
As a result of exposure to atomic radiation,he finally collapsed at work.3.千万别说可能会被人误解的话。(capable of)Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.5.小约翰尼一见到妈妈下班回来就往前门跑去。
Little johnny made for the door at the sight of his mother coming back from work.6.他研究原子科学是为了我国的国防。他根本不在乎名望。He pursued atomic science for the defense our country.Fame meant nothing to him.7.三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案做出评估。
Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.8.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。It is self-evident that the education of young is vital to future of country.9.一个卫生组织促使地方政府为建造一所新的医院筹措三百万美元的资金。
A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.10.一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。
Everything points to the fact/indicates that something has gone wrong with his project/plan.
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