英语即兴演讲训练对英语输出能力的作用

第一篇：英语即兴演讲训练对英语输出能力的作用

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英语即兴演讲训练对英语输出能力的作用 作者：张健

来源：《现代交际》2011年第12期

［摘要］语言输出能力对英语专业学生十分重要。英语即兴演讲训练是一个说写结合的训练形式，学生在两三分钟的构思后进行演讲，之后将之落在笔头，形成演讲稿，这种训练方式极大地提高了学生的英语输出能力。

［关键词］即兴演讲 输出能力 模式 思维

［中图分类号］H31 ［文献标识码］A ［文章编号］1009-5349（2011）12－0058－01引言

英语输出能力是英语教育工作者和英语学习者共同关注的一个问题。然而输出能力的培养并不容易，尤其是有些地方的英语基础教育还是以哑巴英语为主，这极大地阻碍了输出能力的培养。对于进入英语专业的学生来说，提高他们的英语输出能力迫在眉睫。英语即兴演讲因其快速分析、反应和表述能力等诸方面的要求，使其成为提高输出能力的一个有力武器。

一、英语即兴演讲

即兴演讲，是在事先并没有做任何准备的情况下，自发或被要求立即进行的当众演讲，是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动。英语即兴演讲的成功与否主要取决于以下几个方面：

（一）演讲者知识储备及心理素质

演讲者平时要注意广泛阅读，扩大知识面，同时，加强心理素质的准备，加强思想道德、情感信心等各方面的修养。英语即兴演讲对英语能力的要求是比较高的，要求具备较大的词汇量、较强的英语语音和口语能力。

（二）快速思维技巧

即兴演讲者必须具有较强的快速思维能力，这实际上就是一个快速创作、打腹稿的过程，具体说来，要经过观察、抓话题、确定观点、通篇构思（形成框架）、确定关键词、组织语言、表达等一系列的思维过程。

即兴演讲的框架可以按照如下模式来展开：时间模式（以历史—现实—未来为线索展开）；以小见大模式（从具体事件入手，最后得出结论）；以大见小模式（从事件的大背景和

大道理入手，揭露事物的实质）；比较模式（对两事物进行对比论述）；总分模式（将事物分成不同方面加以论述）。

（三）英语语言方面的要求

在英语的运用方面，要求用词准确、语法正确、语言组织有序、语音语调正确合理、节奏与停顿到位、语言流畅、交际能力强。交际能力强是指在遇到不会的生词时，可以绕过它用不同的方式表达出来。

二、英语即兴演讲训练对英语输出能力的作用

Krashen（1981）指出，可理解输入是语言习得的关键，它强调语言输入（i）的意义必须为习得者所理解，同时输入的语言形式或功能应超出现有水平（i+1）。Swain（1985）在输入假设的基础上提出了“输出假设”，该假设认为，除了必要的可理解输入外，学习者必须有机会使用所学的语言，这样才有可能达到流利、类似母语者的水平。此外，教师的推动（push）可以促使学生进一步分析目的语的语法、结构以及用法，因而能产生超越目前语言能力（i）的效果，即“i+1”的输出，也就是可理解输出。英语即兴演讲训练就是一个说写结合的可理解输出过程。

英语即兴演讲训练是在老师的组织引导下进行的。笔者将这个训练放在英语专业精读课的前5分钟。首先由老师给出即兴演讲的题目，然后给学生2-3分钟的准备时间，这期间要求学生仔细审题、确定观点，之后进行框架构思，可以用关键词记录整个演讲的提纲，但不可以用完整的句子。时间一到马上停止，老师随机点名上台演讲。

英语即兴演讲训练实质上是两种输出能力，即说和写的结合。我们直接看到的是学生的口语表达，但在口语表达的背后，隐匿着作文构思的全过程。学生在两三分钟的时间里进行了快速构思训练，这是一个思维非常高效的运转过程，课后学生要马上把提纲扩充成一篇作文，进行笔头输出训练。毕竟即兴演讲的限时性决定了说出来的内容还不那么精细，结构也不太严密，语言也不可能十分准确，所以在经过书面作文之后，学生把要说的话变成文稿，对腹稿进行加工润色，写出来的演讲稿会比之前的腹稿提升很多。这种先说后写的即兴演讲训练方式锻炼了学生的快速构思能力、快速语言组织能力，英语交际能力。同时，这种即兴演讲的超短时准备和训练为学生提供了一个英语强化输出的环境和场所，同学们还可以从别人那里学到自己所欠缺的思想、语言、自信等等；另外，每个人演讲过后，老师都会对该生的各方面表现进行评价，对语言输出中的问题会着重点评，对写出来的演讲稿老师也会精心批改点评。老师的有力推动更加促进了学生i+1的语言输出能力。

三、结语

英语即兴演讲训练作为一种口笔头并重的语言输出方式，为学生提供了很好的输出平台，在老师的推动下更加促进了学生的语言输出质量。但因学生的语言能力各不相同，不可以在语

言方面一味地做横向比较，要更加注重学生的纵向进步，这样才有利于增强学生自信心，切实提高英语输出能力。

【参考文献】

[1]Swain,M.Communicative competence:Some roles of comprehensible input and

comprehensible output in its development[A].In S.Gass & C.Madden(eds.),Input in Second Language Acquisition.Rowley,MA:Newbury House,1985.[2]Krashen,S D.Second Language Acquisition and Second Language

Learning[M].Oxford:Pergamon,1981.

第二篇：英语即兴演讲

即兴演讲

在一下题目中，将随机分配给您一道题进行2分钟的演讲，系统会提示您有一分钟准备时间，如果您准备好了则可以直接开始录音.1.Where are you from? Please introduce your hometown to us.1、你从哪里来?请给我们介绍一下你的家乡.2.As English teacher, you may introduce your country to the world.Imagine you are with your new foreign friends, and please introduce your country to them.2.作为英语教师,你可以把你的国家介绍给世界.假设你是和你的新外国朋友,请介绍一下你的国家.3.As English teacher, you may introduce Chinese culture to the world.Please tell us about a traditional festival in China.3.作为英语教师,你可以把中国文化介绍给世界.请告诉我们关于中国的传统节日.4.As English teacher, you may introduce Chinese culture to the world.Please tell us about 2-3 typical Chinese cuisine(food).4.作为英语教师,你可以把中国文化介绍给世界.请告诉我们2-3典型的中国菜(食物).5.Please introduce your favorite place of interest in China.5.请介绍一下你最喜欢的感兴趣的地方在中国.6.Please describe a special custom or festival from your hometown.6.请描述一个特殊的定制或从你的家乡的节日.7.If you could meet a famous film star, pop singer or athlete, who would you like to meet? Why? 7.如果你能遇到一个著名的电影明星,流行歌手或运动员,你想谁见面?为什么?

8.What is your favorite foreign festival?

8.什么是你最喜欢的外国节日?

9.What advices can you give to people who just start learning English? 9.你能给什么建议人们刚刚开始学英语的?

10.If you are a student in primary school, what kind of teacher do you like?

10.如果你是一个学生在小学,你喜欢什么样的老师?

11.Which place do you want to travel to next time? Why? 11.你下次想去哪个地方?为什么?

12.What is your favorite foreign food? 12.你最喜欢的外国食物是什么?

13.What’s your favorite animal, and why? Or do you have any pet? Please tell us your story.13.你最喜欢什么动物,为什么?或者你有什么宠物吗?请告诉我们

你的故事.14.Do you think students should study abroad?

14.你认为学生应该出国留学吗?

15.Tell us about your favorite class in this training.15.告诉我们你最喜欢的课程培训.16.Who is your favorite teacher in this training? 16.谁是你最喜欢的老师在这个培训吗?

17.What is your biggest accomplishment in this training? Please share your story with us.17.你在这训练取得的最大成就是什么?请分享你的故事和我们在一起.18.Do you think there are lives on other planet? Why? 18.你认为其他星球上有生命吗?为什么?

19.If you win 10 million RMB with a lottery ticket, how will you spend it? 19.如果你赢了1000万元彩票,你怎么花呢?

20.What do you do in your leisure time? 20.你做什么在你的空闲时间?

21.What is your favorite book or movie? 21岁.什么是你最喜欢的书或电影吗?

22.Do you have any motto? What is your favorite saying? 22.你有座右铭吗?你最喜欢什么说什么? 23.Do you have any hobby? Why do you like it?

23.你有什么爱好吗?你为什么喜欢它吗?

第三篇：英语即兴演讲

英语即兴演讲.txt都是一个山的狐狸，你跟我讲什么聊斋，站在离你最近的地方，眺望你对别人的微笑，即使心是百般的疼痛 只为把你的一举一动尽收眼底．刺眼的白色，让我明白什么是纯粹的伤害。即兴演讲是多即兴？一点准备时间都没有的么？

我觉得首先应该要知道具体都需要讲些什么，第一点第二点在心里面都要清楚，有必要的时候写下来可以在接下来说的时候作为提醒。

其次就是每个要讲的点，就叫论点好了，最好都举个比较简单的例子去支撑这个论点。有的时候你可以说according to 谁谁谁或者xxx书籍，去更好的支撑你的论点，非正式场合，基本上可以胡编乱语，但正式场合一定要有理论依据或者论据来源。举例子举一两个就好，举多了就跑题。举例子的同时就可以考虑下一步要说什么。

论点之间会有转折，接续等等的词，比如转折就有however，in spite of, although, etc.接续就有moreover，furthermore，thus。当然像firstly，secondly, thirdly也比较经常会用到。还有就是即兴演讲有的时候说的很兴奋，可能说的东西不是那么正确，你就要说，this is only my opinion，或者其他类似，这只是我的意见。如果你知道有不同的意见，你并不同意，当然也要提一两句，并且给出你不同意的原因。

还有就是开头结尾很重要，一定要有礼貌，开头要说你即兴演讲的题目是什么，你首先要稍微总结一下你对这个题目的观点是什么。

结尾的时候你要对题目还是要做一下总结，这很重要。然后要说，Thank you for your time, is there any question?当然也可以不用说有没有什么问题。

条理一定要清楚，虽然有可能会胡言乱语，但是大体上要说的让人有共鸣，听的懂。

语速不要太快，会更紧张，尽量慢慢说，这样也让自己有考虑接下来要说什么的时间。

当然你平时最好就给自己一两个题目然后说，我有的时候睡不着就给自己一个题目，然后信口开河，要说出来不能在心里想，慢慢的就能形成自己一套的演讲方式，所有任何题目都可以往这一套演讲方式里面套。

加油吧

最佳答案 1,Do you think fashion shows are important in our daily life?

2.How do you usually do to save water?

3.What's your opinion about the relationship between human beings and animals?

4.What's your attitude towards e-shops?

1.“Challenges and Opportunities for College Students in Today’s Competitive World”（在当今竞争的世界中大学生面临的挑战和机遇）。

2.An unforgettable experience

3． My entertainment

4． How can I save the earth ?

5． My favorite sport

6． How will spend this summer vacation ?

7． What are the ways to relieve pressure ?

8． As a youth, how can I help the 921 victims ?

最佳答案 1．Some one says “To be a class leader will affect one’s study results,”What is your opinions about it?

2．Speak out your ideas of smoking in public places.3．When you are misunderstood(误解)by your headmaster or your parents or your friend

4．Sports and human life

5.Virtue is fairer far than beauty.6.A friend in need is a friend indeed.7.Is money all Powerful?

8．Life on Campus

9.To know one’s self is true progress.1.How Have I Made Use of the English-speaking Activities in the English Dormitory?

2.What Can We Benefit from the Education Ministry’s Evaluation of Our University’s Teaching Quality?

3.My understanding of our university motto: honesty, persistence, diligence and plain living

4.My understanding of the principles of evaluation from the Ministry of Education: To promote the construction with evaluation, To promote the management with evaluation, To promote the reform with evaluation.Combining the evaluation with the construction but with more emphasis on the construction

5.My understanding of our university’s target positioning: To build our university into a multi-subject university with total academic level ranking among top universities of Zhejiang Province and some subjects ranking in top subjects of China

6.My understanding of our university’s subject positioning: with economics and management subjects as the main body, promoting economics, management, science, engineering, literature and law subjects to develop in a coordinated way

7.Zhejiang Gongshang University and its “Children Strategy” in my eyes.8.A higher-pay job with long hours or a lower-pay job with shorter hours.Which would you choose?

9.Our University’s teachers and faculty members in My Eyes.10.What Does “Greeting Market Challenges by Improving Ourselves” Mean?

11.What Would You Consider Most In Choosing A Job? Salary, Job Satisfaction, Status, the Use of Your Specialty or Location?

12.The Best Way to Keep a Harmonious Relationship among Roommates in a Dormitory

第四篇：英语即兴演讲

三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（1）

1.Should parents set limits in internet access for their teenage children? Why?

Internet is dangerous if a child has unlimited freedom to use it.Because teenagers are too weak to resist the great tempt.Various online games will cost their almost all-day time.And many kinds of online movies may teach them unhealthy content such as violence.Also, long-time exposure to computer will do great harm to teenager's eyesight.A child addicted to Internet will neglect his study completely.However, the word limit does not mean forbidding.It can't be denied that internet is a very useful tool for learning.In this information age, computer and internet is essential.Adequate access to internet will contribute to teenagers keeping pace with this world.Also, internet is a fine entertainment for students who have study longtime and get tired.So, I think parents should set limits on but not forbid access for their teenager children.2.Should smoking be prohibited completely in all countries? Why?

Well, it's a quite complex question.Overall, in my opinion, I think smoking shouldn't be completely prohibited in all countries.Let me explain my views.We all know clearly that smoking is very harmful to the smoker's health.Longtime smoking can lead to lung cancer and other serious health problem.Also, smoking in public situation is awful.People around the smoker, especially the children, also suffer from the damage to their health.In spite of all these bad effects mentioned above, however, I still think smoking is indeed needed in our society.For example, when people get tired or anxious, a cigarette can help to release their body as well as spirit.Also, in some social intercourse, cigarette is a essential.In my eyes, I can't imagine what people's life will become if smoking is completely prohibited.There may be many benefits for individuals, but the social will suffer a lot.So, I think smoking should not be prohibited.It is individual effort to make smoking a useful thing.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（2）

.Agree or disagree: There is nothing that young people could teach old people.In ancient times, young people should never teach old people.Old people know much more than young because they have undergone many things in their life.They lead us to the right way.Sometimes, it regarded impolite for young to teach old.But that does not mean young people really have nothing to teach old people, especially in this high-developed times.Young people usually learn things fast and learn more.They always have a smart head for new things.Therefore, young people can teach the olds how to use computer and cellphone, how to dance and so on.Also, I think old people can learn younger passion and energetic for life.That will be a good thing.2.Should pets be allowed in university dormitories?

In my opinion, by no means should pets be allowed in dormitories.To be honest, I've been thinking in my mind to have a pet in my dorm.Lovely pets will bring much joy to our daily life.But I eventually didn't do that.Why? Because it is something selfish and irresponsible.Dormitory is a place where several people live together.To a certain degree, it is a public plac

e.We can't just comply with our own desire while ignore other roommates?feeling.Having a pet in dorm can be troublesome or even annoying.It may make the room dirty and even in a mess.What't worse, some people are allergic to certain animals.Also, people's rest can be guaranteed.Some people may say that we could choose a mild and little pet such as fishes.In this case, if your roommates don't reject, I think it is acceptable.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（3）

1.Agree or disagree: Museums should be made free.In my eyes, museums of course should be made free.We know that, as a part of culture, museums restore many culture relics.These are typical symbols for a certain times.As a citizen of our country, it is necessary and natural to learn our past history.Recent years, more and more museums are open free to the public.I couldn't agree more with it.Free museum will greatly motivate all kinds of people to approach.What's more, in this fast developing age, museums have many new and advanced invents inside.It will be a wonderful place for people who want to learn more.Parents can often take their children to museums to learn about history and some technical knowledge.In a word, I think government should try to make more museums free for citizens.2.Agree or disagree: Zoos should be banned.Nowadays, lots of people start to realize that zoos are not a good place for animals.People need zoos because it is an easy way to close the animals and also because it's convenient for people to observe them.However, zoos are in fact a cruel place for animals.Animals should live in their natural habitat.An animal's natural instinct is to run and to hunt.But that's not for animals kept in zoos.Everyday, people feed them.They've never been taught how to hunt for food and will gradually lose their natures.That will be quite cruel for a animal, especially for wild animals such as tigers and lions.You can often find in zoos that a tiger kept in cage has a loose expression in its face.We set animals in zoos and therefore feel that they won't meet danger and may be able to protect them from dying out.This may be just a excuse we find for ourselves to make animals in cages just as entertainment.We always say animals are our friends, then why we put our friends in cages?

三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（4）

1.Agree or disagree: Advertising aiming at children should be restricted.I disagree.It's fair to advertize to children even children are always said to be unable to distinguish between reality and fiction, between entertainment and advertising.A supposed consequence of advertising is that children are being persuaded to demand things that they don't need and to adopt consumerist values and attitudes in their formative years.However, it's up to the parents to determine what should and shouldn抰 be bought for their children.Children need to know how to see these ads and realize how a certain product would affect them and thus balance out the pros and cons and see if it's in their best interest.In my opinion, the parents as well as the world need to stop babying children and let them learn lessons for life, because certain things can't be restricted well.Temptation is always at children's side.They have to learn to resist and make responsible decisions.2.Agree or disagree: Junk food should be taxed.I agree that junk food should be taxed.In modern society, many people are attracted to eat in KFC or MacDonald's.Everyday, many hamburgers, fried chips and so on are sold out.Despite the good sale, it can't be denied that all these are junk food.Just as the word junk, they bring great harm to our healthy.So, there comes a appeal that junk food should be taxed.In think it is enforceable because it will control the sale of junk food to a certain degree.Firstly, the tax can force the manufacturer to decrease production and then there will be less junk food on market.Also, we all know that junk food has very high profits.Some trader many take extreme trick to cut down their cost and gain more profit.So, it's reasonable to tax them.1.Agree or disagree: Universities should abolish the practice of cutting off the electricity at dormitory at night.I agree with it.As a student, I should say, university shouldn't cut off electricity at dormitory at night.The original intention for university to cut off electricity is to ensure our rest for some students will stay up very late if there is nothing to limit them.However, these students are minority.Most students have regular timetable.What抯 more, we are now already in university, I think we shouldn抰 be treated like high school students any longer.Especially in summer hot days, no electricity at night would be a nightmare to all students.We can't fall asleep without electric fans.I can't just imagine that.Universities should think more for their students and trust their self-control.2.Some say music training in college is unnecessary, while others do not believe so.What is your opinion on this issue?

I should say, music training in college is necessary, especially for non-art students.To be honest, nowadays?college students are also under much pressure.We have to attend many complex courses everyday.Many students get tired and gloomy.Then, if there is a music course, it will greatly release our bad mood.And we will have a nice mood and more energy to continue our study.Besides, it's commonly believed that music training can cultivate people's character.It will make people more calm and wise as well as elegant.In fact, nowadays, many parents send their children to attend music course at a very young age.These parents hope their children will have a elegant and smart mind.Many of today's students in university didn't have adequate music training at their former school.If university can open related music course, it will be of great use for students?cultivation.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（6）

1.Some people like to do only what they already do well.Other people prefer to try new things and take risks.Which do you prefer?

I prefer to try new things and take risks.For me, risk is a kind of uncertainty.Maybe it will lead to a negative consequence, but just as Helen Keller ever said, character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved.So, if we only do what we already d well, we can rarely touch new things, gain new knowledge, and we never change.However, if we try new thing, we will find something different and may come to something we抳e never face before.Then, we will try our best to solve it, to achieve it.During the course, our ability is improved even though we fail at last.After repeatedly trying new things, we will eventually

find that we've learnt many and become more mature.We will find it easier to measure situation and make right decision.Also, our simple life is becoming meaningful and interesting.2.Some say military training at college is necessary while other disagree.What's your point of view on this subject? Why?

I think military training at college is necessary.Nowadays, many undergraduates are lacking in self-control and discipline.The military training is quite useful in this case.We know that military training is very strict.During the training, we learn to obey the disciplines and keep high concentration.Also, we can have our body strengthened and change our lazy image.Although the training can be very hard, we will gradually find that our steps become vigorous, and our spirits become energetic.What抯 more, military training can also cultivate our Patriotism.The experience of hard training will remind us of Chinese army's hardship.We are aware of their historic mission, fighting spirit and responsibility.So, military training is an effective way to make people know more about our motherland and love her.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（7）

1.What qualities do you think a friend should have to continue the friendship? Use specific reasons to support your idea.In my heart, I think the most important quality to continue the friendship is sincerity.A true friendship must be built on sincerity.However, to continue a friendship is not a easy thing.Both of each other have to pay a lot.The word sincerity contains too much.Firstly, we need to be frank and honest to each other.Only if when we did so can the other side treat us like the same and thus build belief between friends.A friendship full of lies and deceit shouldn't be called friendship.Secondly, we need to be considerable and do not be self-centered.We should think more for our friends and encourage them on certain occasion.A self-centered friend can be very troublesome and annoying.No one would tolerate him for a long time.Finally, I think we should learn to compromise sometimes.We can't live in harmony forever with our friends.When there expose a disagreement, we should compromise to each other.Only by this way can a friendship last long.2.Some people say college degree begins to lose shining while others do not think so.What's your point of view on this subject? Why?

It's not an easy question.On the whole, I think, college degree do begin to lose shining but we should never think it unimportant.Today, there are more and more universities or college degrees.We can say that graduates in society are overflowing.It can't be ignored that more and more graduates with high degree are in fact idiots.So, the companies increasingly focus more on the personal ability rather than college degree when they recruit employees.However, that does not mean college certification becomes a wastepaper.It'still a essential for you looking a good job.Support that a person without any qualification, will a recruiting company give him a chance? That will rarely happen, at least in our country.Then, if you never have a chance, how can you display and prove your ability, if you indeed have? So, do not think the college degree is useless.After all, chances are not for every common people.Only if we own it can we get the chance to enter a good company and thus make a difference.

第五篇：英语即兴演讲主题

1、What is the biggest effect of the internet?

2、Discuss the most memorable event in your life3、Is knowledge more important than wisdom?

4、Should smoking be prohibited completely in all countries? Why?

5、Should pets be allowed in university dormitories?

6、Agree or disagree: Museums should be made free.7、Agree or disagree: Zoos should be banned.8Agree or disagree: Universities should abolish the practice of cutting off the electricity at dormitory at night、How to be popular?

10、Learn how to say no.11、Drunk driving became very serious these days.Explain this phenomenon and give your solutions to this problem.