第一篇：综合考试(英1)1999(英美概况、英美文学、现代汉语)
北京第二外国语学院
1999年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：综合考试（英美概况部分）
一、填空：（每空1分，共20分）
1．美国本土自大西洋岸到太平洋岸，横贯北美大陆南部，全部位于温带和亚热带。美国的地形特点是东西两侧面，中间，没有走向的山脉。
2．美国拥有众多的河流，按其流向分为两大水系——太平洋水系和大西洋水系。太平洋水系的河流主要有、；大西洋水系的河流主要有、。
3．美国现有人口万人。美国是一个多民族的国家，北美大陆最早的居民是
人，美国人数最多的少数民族是。
4．美国是经济高度发达的资本主义国家。19世纪60年代初，美国工业革命基本完成。年，美国的工业产值超过农业产值；年，美国工业产值超过英国，跃居世界首位。
5．中美关系经历了从敌对到全面改善和发展以及1989年以后起伏波折三个阶级。在中美关系的发展中，三个公报是指导两面三刀国关系的原则，这三个公报是、、和。
6．英国议会实际两院制，由英国贵族组成的称为；以民选议员组成的是。
7．英国人常说自己的国家是“四个民族族，一个王国”。一个王国就是联合王国，四个民族就是今天的英格兰人、人、人和人。
二、名词解释（每题4分，共12分）
1．硅谷
2．宅地法
3．英国大宪章
三、问答题（8分）
通过克林顿总统遭到弹劾调查一事看叛国对政府官员的监督体系。
北京第二外国语学院
1999年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：综合考试（英美文学部分）
一、填空题（每题0.5分，共5分）
1．哈姆雷特是著名悲剧中的中心人物。
2．《草叶集是十九世纪美国著名民主诗人的诗歌总集。
3．〈竞选州长〉的作者是。
4．〈恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记〉是英国著名诗人的重要代表作。
5．查理·狄更斯是十发世纪英国伟大的批判现实主义作家，他创作最繁荣时期的主要作品有、、。
6．〈迷惘的一切〉最杰出的代表作家是。
7．诗歌〈被解放放了普罗迷修斯〉的作者是。
二、简答题（每题4分，共12分）
1．英国启蒙文学的主要任务是什么？
2．英国积极浪漫主义文学主要特点是什么？
3．《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是一部什么样的书？
三、论述题（13分）
1． 谈谈莎士比亚历史剧创作的意义？（7分）
2． 长篇小说《马丁·伊登》的主要内容、主题及主人翁的典型意义。（6分）
北京第二外国语学院
1999年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：综合考试（现代汉语部分）
一、将下列语流中的词切分出来，并按要求归类（5分）匈牙利的这类诗歌，往往斐然成章，韵律朗朗上口，情感缠绵缥缈，意境幽远深邃。
1．多音节单纯词：
2．代词：
3．量词：
4．副词：
5．形容词：
二、按要求分析下列语言单位（12分）
1．用划线法分析下列单句的句子成分（主语：；谓语：；宾语：定语：（）；状语：[]；补语：〈〉；外位语：00000；独立语△△△△）
（1）“书到用时方恨少”这句话，我现在总算有了体会了。
（2）据说这是几十年前冰川流动时在岩石上擦过的痕迹。
（3）苏州城里有不少这样的小街小巷：长长的、瘦瘦的，曲曲又弯弯。
（4）几千个春天的翠绿，几百代人们的梦境，无数的神话传达室说，都浓缩和消溶在这深深的湖里。
2．分析下列多重复句的层次和关系（4分）
连“坐”字的意义，古代和现代也不完全一样，古代席地而坐，而膝着席，跟跪差不多，所以，〈战国策〉里说伍子胥“坐行蒲服，乞食于吴市”，坐行就是膝行（蒲服务即匍匐），要是按现在的坐资来理解，又是坐着又是走，那是绝对不可能的。
3．分析下列复杂句组的层次与关系（4分）
大四合院内，第三天大矛盾是言语矛盾，言语：既能败坏人的名誉，侵犯人的心理空间，也能直接干涉利益，没有比言语矛盾更复杂的了，一句话能搞臭一个人，一句话能结下一辈子的冤仇，所以人们公开场合使用语言，还是慎重的，毕竟多少年住在一块儿，远亲不如近邻，抬头不见低头见，可暗地里，嘴就很难封住了，赵钱孙李，说长道短总不会断的。
三、修辞（12分）
1．指出下列表达中的修辞格的类型（只需指出一种最明显的）（6分）
（1）东风袅袅泛崇光，香雾空蒙月转廊。只恐夜深花睡去，故烧高烛照红妆。（）
（2）少年听雨歌楼上，红烛昏罗帐，壮年听雨客舟中，江阔云低，断雁叫西风。而今听雨僧庐下，鬓已星星也。悲欢离合总无情，一任阶前，点滴到天明。（）
（3）应怜屐齿印苍苔，小扣柴靡永不开，满园春色关不住，一枝红杏出墙来。（）
（4）烟波不动影沉沉，碧色全无翠色深，应是水仙梳洗处，一螺黛镜中心（）
（5）昨夜雨疏风骤。浓睡不水残酒。试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧。知否，知否应是绿肥红瘦（）
（6）长忆观潮，满部人争江上望。来疑沧海尽成空，万面鼓声中，弄潮儿上潮头立，手把红旗旗不湿。别来几向梦中看，梦学尚心寒。（）
2．从修辞角度修改下列表达中的错误（6分）
（1）漓江四季，景色各异。晨雾中的牧笛，暮色里的竹林，夜晚点点渔火——但最色人心魄的景色当是烟雨漓江了。
（2）她披了件男人的外套，坐在体育教师的席位上，但很快就被人识另，并逮捕了她。
（3）专家们现在相信，仙人掌能用作人的食品。实际上，在智利和墨西哥的超级市上，仙人掌早已像蔬菜一样出售。专家们主张应大办宣传仙人掌的食用价值。最大的困难是克服成见，因为一些巴西人认为，喂牲口的东西不能给人吃。
四、根据所给材料，从文化角度写一篇议论文（20分）
有一则挖苦中国的人幽默。如果在大街上丢失100元钱，英国人会若无其事，德国人会认真寻找，美国人会唤来警察，日本人总是进行自我反省，中国人则往往想：谁捡了谁拿去买药吃。
要求：
1、题目自拟；
2、观点明确；
3、结构完整；
4、语句通顺；
5、书写规范；
6、卷面整洁；
7、字数不少于500字，不多于600字。
第二篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第三篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第四篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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