第一篇：英美文学简史
新词
Chapter 1 the making of England
第一页
Primitive原始社会的Clustering 丛 团
Hut茅草屋
Vitality生命力
Invade侵入
Occupy占有
Chieftain首领
Subjugate征服
Refinement改良
Christianity基督教christian 基督教的 第二页
Swarm大群人
Pirate海盗
Dialect方言
Kinship王权
Compose1写、创作（乐曲、歌剧等）2组成Booty战利品
Amusement娱乐
Democracy民主
Incompatible合不来的Gemtile非犹太的Territory领土
Feudalism封建制
Heathen不信教的、异教徒
第三页
Monastery修道院
Monk修士、僧侣
Chapter2
Relic遗风
Preserve保护
Minstrel（中世纪）游方诗歌演唱者 Fragmentv、n 碎片 片段
Devour吞食
Grapple（with）扭住（对手）扭打格斗 Avail（against sb）抵挡
Combat格斗 搏斗 战斗
Retreat撤退 退却
Rejoice高兴
Avenge伸冤
Counseller顾问
Plunge猛进入38个单词1
第四页
Trophy奖品 战利品
Den穴
Belche喷（火）forth its fire
Bid说=say
Envelope包围 包住
Impenetrable不可穿越的forest
Marsh沼泽
Superstitious迷信的Marvellous
第五页
Alliteration
Consonant
Metaphor
Attendant
Condemn
Tinge
Permanent
Chapter3
viking
plunder
prose
第六页
confescate
bestow
patch
baron
vassal
oath
secure
property
manifestation
supremacy
chronicle
prominent
dominent
intermingle
tend
bishop
archbishop
abbot
toil
第七页
sustain奇妙的 头韵 辅音 隐喻 侍者 责备 淡的色调或痕迹a tinge of 永久的 北欧海盗掠夺散文没收赠与小块土地男爵封臣誓言保护资产显示至高无上编年史的 突出的最突出的、占支配地位的混合照管主教大主教 男修道院长辛苦工作 支撑41个单词
2courageous勇敢的heretics犯异端罪的人perish毁灭
plague瘟疫
poll-tax人头税
impose对（）课税
pauperize贫穷
slogan口号 格言】
sermon讲道
bondage
velvet
stuff
ornament
ermine
spices
rye
manor
pomp
sovereign
第八页
remonstate
oppressor
treacherously
apeal
prevail
verse
tournament
code
moral
chivalry
apprenticeship
solemn
cycle
第九页
rim
culmination
collapse
patronize
charge
fabricate
illicit
convert
第十页
Masterpiece奴役天鹅绒布料 装饰 貂皮 貂香料黑麦庄园浮华最高统治者抗议。报复受压迫的背叛的 不忠的恳求 呼吁流行的诗体比赛、武士骑马比赛密码。道德标准道德的骑士精神学徒身份1表情严肃的2庄重的3隆重的正式的1循环周期2系列（如组歌或组诗）边缘结局 结果倒塌赞助 支持控告编造不正当的改变形式或用途名著 杰作41单词
3Vivid鲜明的Amuse是某人消遣 第十一页
Chapter4
Amid在（）当中 Barren贫瘠的 Scanty不足的 Industriously勤劳的 Plough耕田 Idler
Exposure
Parasite
Deacon
Preach
Flock
Leap
Clerk
Despoil
Cardinal
Virtues
Friar
Hermit
Altar
Roamer
Manor
Hood
Plead
Mete
Mist
Mutter
Aught=anything
Sum up
Confer
Sternly
Counsel
无工作（的人）暴漏揭露寄生物、靠他人生存的人会吏、助祭布道仪仗队1跳跃2冲。窜 1文书、办事员2（议会法院等）书记员、秘书4教士牧师掠夺sth 红衣主教 1美德2.（女子）贞操 托钵修士 隐士、隐居修道士祭桌 慢步行走的人领地 风帽 提出（理由或借口）给与（奖励）雾气 咕哝（某事）、低语声 形成对（）的看法 1（with sb）（on/about sth）讨论、探讨、商谈、请教2sth（on sb）授予某人（学位或头衔）严厉的 建议
第二篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第三篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第四篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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