第一篇：英美文学教学
模式，提出了将名著改编电影具体用于英美文学教学的具 体方式方法，使之既有利于深化理解经典名著，又有利于提 高学生的英语水平。
关键词：名著；电影；英美文学；教学
英美文学课是我国高等学校英语专业开设的一门必修
课。虽然各高校英美文学课的授课方式各异，但基本上都是 采用主要讲授文学史、文学选读或文学史与文学选读相结合 这三种模式。无论采用哪一模式，经典文学名著的学习都是 必不可少的。由于大部分的名著篇幅较长、语言难度较大、涉 及的文化背景较多，学生要真正做到对原文的全面、深入理 解绝非易事。于是，一些英美文学教师和学习者将注意力转 向了由英美文学名著改编而成的电影，希冀通过观看电影加 强对文学作品的理解。这在一定程度上对于理解原著是有一 定帮助的，但我们必须看到，观看电影并不能代替阅读原著。诚然，他山之石，可以攻玉，但首先应该处理好石和玉之间的 关系。对于英美文学教学而言，理解、欣赏原版文学名著是 玉，观赏由名著改编的电影则是石。也就是说，电影在英美文 学教学中可以起到一定的有益作用，但绝不能舍本逐末。在 教学实践中，如果教师能有效利用电影这一载体，扬长避短、趋利避害，无疑对提高英美文学的教学质量会有很大帮助。在英美文学课上利用电影促进教学可以采用以下几种 方式：
1.课堂上放映整部影片。这种方式应主要用于理解、分析 文学史上一些最伟大作家的最伟大作品，要尽可能采用第一 种类型即移植型的改编电影。放映整部电影一般耗时较长，可用两次课的时间来完成。教师应在放映电影前向学生介绍 作者和作品所反映的时代精神等方面的知识。学生在观看影 片前应对原作的基本故事情节有所了解，最好能通读原著，这样可以更好地通过影片加深对原著的理解。教师还应预先 设计一些相关问题，在学生看完影片后加以讨论研究。但是，由于学时的限制，在具体教学过程中不宜过多采用这种方 式，每个学期有一两次就可以了。
2.课堂上讲授文学作品的相关知识，简单介绍作品的背
景和人物，要求学生利用课余时间观看影片。可以由班级组 织集体观看，也可以让学生自行观看。这种方式的好处是既 不占用正常的上课时间，又有助于增进学生对作品的理解。教师在课堂上也应布置相应的思考题，让学生带着问题来观 看影片。这种方式最好选择移植型或再解释型的改编电影。如果采用第二种类型，应该提醒学生注意影片在何种程度上 对原作进行了艺术性的加工，让学生思考这种改动的目的是 什么。学生看过影片后，教师应在下次课上进行简短的提问 和总结，以巩固学生的学习效果。
3.将影片的部分精彩片段制作成简短的电影剪辑，在授
课过程中根据需要进行播放。这种方式大都运用在使用多媒
体进行教学的英美文学课堂上，对教学硬件有一定的要求。在高等教育得到日新月异大发展的今天，各个高等院校都非 常重视利用多媒体技术进行教学，教师运用多媒体技术辅助 教学的能力也提高很快，故而这种方式值得提倡。在英美文 学的教学过程中，无论是讲授文学史还是文学选读，利用多 媒体技术穿插播放一些电影剪辑都可以调动和吸引学生的 注意力，激发学生的学习积极性和主动性，进而培养学生学习文学的兴趣。制作电影剪辑可以使用以上提到的三种类型 改编电影的任何一种，但制作的剪辑一定是在原作中具有代 表性并尽可能忠实于原作的。运用电影剪辑这种教学方式具 有很多优势，占用时间少、学生课堂上注意力更为集中，积极 性与参与性也更强，往往可以事半功倍，达到理想的教学效 果。
电影与文学作品虽有很大区别（例如电影侧重外部语言
和动作，小说侧重叙事和描写；电影要考虑到票房收入、观众 心理、愉悦功能等），但只要选材得当、运用得法，电影这门表 现艺术是完全可以促进英美文学教学的。在英美文学课上适 时运用电影教学，又可以反过来提高学生的听说能力和文化 理解力，提高学生的实用英语水平。但是，如果不加以正确引 导，盲目地让学生过多观看名著改编的电影，又容易使学生 养成惰性，忽视对文学作品的阅读。毕竟观看电影要比阅读 作品轻松得多。因此，他山之石，若要攻玉，首先要求作为匠 人的英美文学教师要选好石，并且使用科学的方法，才能真 正实现攻玉的目的。
参考文献：
[1]王松林、李洪琴.电影的文学性、文化性与英美文学教 学.外语与外语教学，2003（9）。
[2]刘苹苹.英文原版电影与英美文学教学.电影评介，2008
（5）。
[3]谢遐均.多媒体在外语教学中的几种应用模式.教学 与管理，2005（18）。
[4]刘仪华.高校英美文学与影视辅助教学.电影评介，2006
（10）。
[5]田俊武、李群英.电影的越界和现当代美国文学.文艺 理论与批评，2006（6）。
他山之石何以攻玉
———浅论如何利用名著改编电影促进英美文学教学 刘英杰
（长春大学外国语学院）
第二篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第三篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第四篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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