新概念英语2词汇复习68

第一篇：新概念英语2词汇复习68

新概念英语2词汇复习68～80课

Lesson 68Persistent 纠缠不休

I crossed the street to a_________ meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.It was no use p____________ that I had not seen him, so I w_______ to him.I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.No matter how busy you are, he always i______ on coming with you.I had to think of a way of p_________ him from following me around all morning.'Hello, Nigel,' I said.'F_________ meeting you here!'

'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered.'I was just w_________ how to spend the morning--until I saw you.You're not busy doing anything, are you?'

'No, not at all,' I answered.'I'm going to...'

'Would you m_________ my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking.'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the d__________.'

'Then I'll come with you,' he answered.'There's always p_________ to read in the waiting room!

Lesson 69 But not murder!并非谋杀！

I was being t_________ for a driving l_________ for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been i__________ to drive out of town, I began to a___________ confidence.S_________ that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.The e__________ must have been pleased with my p___________, for he smiled and said.'Just one more thing, Mr.Eames.Let us s__________ that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I t_______ on the window, you must stop w_________ five feet.' I c__________ driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly, Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to r_________.I suddenly p_________ the b______ pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.'Mr.Eames,' he said, in a m_____________ voice, 'you have just killed that child!'

Lesson 70 Red for danger 危险的红色

During a b__________, a d__________ suddenly w_________ into the middle of the r_______.The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was u___________ of the danger.The bull was busy with the m___________ at the time, but it suddenly caught s_________ of the drunk who was shouting rude r_____________ and waving a red cap.A____________ s________ to c_________, the bull forgot all about the matador and c_________ at the drunk.The crowd suddenly g__________ quiet.The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself.When the bull got close to him, he c__________ stepped a__________ to let it pass.The crowd broke into c________ and the drunk b__________.By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly d___________ the drunk to safety.Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on s_____________ until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning it's a____________ to the matador.Lesson 71 A famous clock一个著名的大钟

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock ____________ can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.If the Houses of P__________ had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been e__________.Big Ben t__________ its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was r______________ for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.It is not only of i___________ size, but is extremely a____________ as well.O_________________ from Greenwich Observatory have the clock c_______ twice a day.On the B.B.C.you can hear the clock when it is a__________ striking because m____________ are c___________ to the clock tower.Big Ben has r__________ gone wrong.Once, however, it f_________ to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the h_________ and slowed it down!

Lesson 72 A car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车

The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour.He s_______ up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah.Bluebird, the car he was1

driving, had been s___________ built for him.It was over 30 feet in l__________ and had a 2,500-h__________ engine.Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in c_______________ the car because a t________ burst during the first run.After his a___________, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his a_____________ speed had been 299 miles per hour.However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made.His average speed had been 301 miles per hour.Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds over 600 miles an hour.Following in his father's f__________ many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record.Like his father, he was driving a car c_________ Bluebird.Lesson 73 The record-holder 纪录保持着

Children who play t__________ from school are u_____________.A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as f_____ as they get.They have all been put to s____________ by a boy who, w________ playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles.He h__________ to Dover and, t____________ evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep.When he woke up next morning, he d___________ that the boat had, in the m____________, travelled to Calais.No one noticed the boy as he crept off.From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a l___________.The driver gave him a few b___________ and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city.The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris _________ he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish b_______.There he was p___________ up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local a___________.He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of e____________ school.Lesson 74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外

An a___________ bus stopped by a dry river b________ and a party of famous actors and actresses got off.D___________ in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special p____________ so that no one should r____________ them.But as they soon discovered, d_____________ can sometimes be too p____________.'This is a wonderful place for a p__________,' said Gloria Gleam.'It couldn't be better, Gloria,' Brinksley Meers agreed.'No newspaper men, no film _________!Why don't we come more often?'

M___________, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a s___________ spot under some trees.When they had all made themselves c____________, a s_______________ appeared.He looked very angry.'Now you get out of here, all of you!' he shouted.'I'm s_________ here.Do you see that notice? It says “No Camping”--in c__________ you can't read!'

'Look, sheriff,' said Rockwall, 'don't be too h__________ on us.I'm Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves.' 'Oh, is it?' said the sheriff with a s_________.'Well, I'm Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam.Now you get out of here fast!'

Lesson 75 SOS呼救信号

When a light passenger plane flew off c__________ some time ago, it c_________ in the mountains and its p________ was killed.The only p___________, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were u___________.It was the middle of winter.Snow l_________ thick on the ground.The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away.When it grew dark, she turned a s__________ into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.During the night, it got t_____________ cold.The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small.Early next morning, she heard planes passing o____________ and wondered how she could send a s________.Then she had an idea.She s___________ out the letters 'SOS' in the snow.F___________, a pilot saw the signal and sent a m____________ by radio to the nearest town.It was not long ________ a h___________ arrived on the s_________ to rescue the s___________ of the plane crash.Lesson 76 April Fools' Day 愚人节

'To end our special news b_________,' said the voice of the television a________, 'we're going over to the m__________ fields of Calabria.Macaroni has been grown in this a________ for over six hundred years.Two of

the l____________ growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Riccardo Brabante, tell me that they have been e__________ a s__________ crop this year and h__________ has begun earlier than usual.Here you can see two workers who, b__________ them, have just finished cutting three c___________ of golden brown macaroni s_________.The whole village has been working day and night g__________ and t_____________ this year's crop before the September rains.On the right, you can see Mrs.Brabante herself.She has been helping her husband for thirty years now.Mrs.Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory _________ the crop is p__________.This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest: the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating c___________!Signor Fratelli, the present c____________, has won it every year since 1991.And that ends our special b_________ for today, Thursday, April lst.We're now going back to the s___________.'

Lesson 77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术

The m___________ of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C.has just had an operation.The mummy is _________ of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the T________ of Thebes.As there were strange m_________ on the X-ray p_________ taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare d___________.The only way to do this was to operate.The operation, which l_____________ for over four hours, p________ to be very difficult because of the hard r_________ which covered the skin.The doctors removed a s________ of the mummy and sent it to a l__________.They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax f____________ of the god Duamutef.This god which has the head of a cow was n__________ placed inside a mummy.The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.They feared that the mummy would f_________ to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.The mummy successfully s___________ the operation.Lesson 78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？

After reading an article e___________ 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I l_____ a cigarette to c________ my n___________.I smoked with c___________ and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette.For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife s_________ terribly.I had all the usual s_____________ of someone giving up smoking: a bad t_________ and an enormous a________.My friends kept on o___________ me cigarettes and c___________.They made no e__________ to hide their a________ whenever I p__________ a packet of sweets from my pocket.After seven days of this I went to a party.Everybody a_________ me was smoking and I felt e___________ uncomfortable.When my old friend Brian u___________ me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could b________.I took one g__________, lit it and smoked with s____________.My wife was d__________ that things had returned to n__________ once more.Anyway, as Brian p_____________ out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.He himself has done it lots of times!

Lesson 79 By air乘飞机

I used to travel by air a great ___________ when I was a boy.My parents __________ to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays.A flight __________ would take ___________ of me and I never had an unpleasant ______________.I am used to traveling by air and only on one ______________ have I ever felt _____________.After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly g___________ height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport.While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had t____________ down.Everybody on b________ was worried and we were c_____________ to find out what had happened.Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board.The police had been told that a b_______ had been p_________ on the plane.After we had landed, the plane was searched t___________.Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take o___ again.Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫

Perhaps the most e____________ building of the nineteeth century was the C________ Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.The Crystal Palace was different ________ all other buildings

in the world, for it was made of i_______ and glass.It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it.A great many g___________ were sent to the exhibition from v__________ parts of the world.There was also a great deal of m____________ on display.The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam h__________.Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe._______ arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.There were six million visitors in all, and the p_________ from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London.It r___________ one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson 81 Escape 脱逃

When he had killed the guard, the p________ of war quickly d__________ him into the b_______.Working r__________ in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes.Now, dressed in a blue u_________ and with a r__________ over his s___________, the prisoner m__________ b_________ up and down in front of the camp.He could hear shouting in the camp itself.Lights were b__________ and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had e__________.At that moment, a large black car with four o________ inside it, stopped at the camp gates.The officers got out and the prisoner stood to a___________ and s________ as they passed.When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him.The man o_________ wanted to talk.He was rather e___________ with g_________ hair and clear blue eyes.The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do.As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a s________ b__________.Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.Lesson 82 M___________ or fish?是妖还是鱼？

Fishermen and sailors sometimes c__________ to have seen m____________ in the sea.Though people have often laughed at stories told by s__________, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at t_________ been s____________ are s_________ strange fish.O______________, unusual c__________ are washed to the shore, but they are r___________ caught out at sea.Some time ago, however, a p________ fish was caught near Madagascar.A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it p________ on the line.Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every e__________ not to damage it in any w_______.When it was e_____________ brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long.It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining s_____________ skin, and a bright red tail.The fish, which has s__________ been sent to a museum where it is being e__________ by a scientist, is called an o__________.Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a d__________ of six hundred feet.

第二篇：高中英语词汇复习

如何在高考前对单词进行更加有效的突破？在有限的时间里我们应该做好如下几件事：

1、坚持天天背单词

背单词是一个需要坚持的工作，如果不勤加复习，用得较少的词汇慢慢就会忘记了。所以应该每天抽出一点时间来巩固单词，比如在老师的帮助下集中学习《考试大纲》所列词汇，扩大词汇量;或是每天早上按词汇表顺序回顾复习单词，并联系其同义词、近义词、反义词及其常用短语、常用句型和常用套语。注意把掌握不牢固的单词作标记，下一遍重点复习作标记的单词。对重点词汇和短语，要多造句，在用中记，在语境中记。

2、注意常用熟词的生义。这一向是同学们比较容易忽视的点。

如：

1)She asked me for an advance on her salary.(n.预付(款))

2)The picture looked nice against the white wall.(prep.映衬)

3)What you have said amounts to a plain refusal.(v.相当于)

4)I must check my bank balance.(n.差额，余款)

5)Hunger drove her to steal.(v.迫使某人(做不好或不快的事))

3、掌握构词法知识

对高考考试说明上所列的前缀和后缀要烂熟于心，前缀有五个dis, in, re, un, non，后缀有17个-able,-al,-an,-ful,-ive,-er,-ese,-ist,-ment, ness,-tion,-fy,-ian,-ing,-ise/ize,-ly,-teen，并熟记这些前缀和后缀的含义。

4、归纳具有特殊形式的词汇

如：只有复数形式的名词。

1)一些成双成对的名词通常只有复数形式，常见的有jeans(牛仔裤)、headphones(耳机)、trousers(裤子)、clothes(衣服)、pants(短裤)、glasses(眼镜)、shoes(鞋子)、sunglasses(太阳镜)、scissors(剪刀)、compasses(圆规)。这些名词可单独作主语，动词用复数形式，也可用...pair/pairs of修饰，作主语时动词取决于pair的形式。

2)一些食物名词只有复数形式，常见的有noodles, vegetables, snacks。

3)一些固定短语中的名词只有复数形式，常见有的express one’s thanks to sb.(向某人表达感激之情), a letter of thanks(一封感谢信), in high/low spirits(情绪高涨/低落), have sports(进行体育活动)。

4)一些不可数名词只有复数形式，但却表示单数概念，常见的有news(消息), means(手段)。

As we all know, no news is good news.众所周知，没有消息就是好消息。

5)一些专有名词只有复数形式，但却表示单数概念，常见的有：the United States(美国)、the United Nations(联合国)、the United Kingdoms(英国)、the Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》)。

5、坚持每天阅读

在记忆词汇的同时，每天要安排相应的阅读理解，完形填空和短文改错或阅读表达练习，这是为了让所记忆的词汇在具体的语言环境中得以再现和运用，强化自己所记的词汇。另一方面，还可以加强自己对语言信息的捕获速度。

第三篇：新概念光学各章复习答案

复习提纲

第一章

光和光的传播

说明：灰色表示错误。

§1、光和光学

判断选择练习题：

1.用单色仪获得的每条光谱线只含有唯一一个波长；

2.每条光谱线都具有一定的谱线宽度；

3.人眼视觉的白光感觉不仅与光谱成分有关，也与视觉生理因素有关；

4.汞灯的光谱成分与太阳光相同，因而呈现白光的视觉效果；

§2、光的几何传播定律

判断选择练习题：

1.光入射到两种不同折射率的透明介质界面时一定产生反射和折射现象；

2.几何光学三定律只有在空间障碍物以及反射和折射界面的尺寸远大于光的波长时才成立；

3.几何光学三定律在任何情况下总成立；

§3、惠更斯原理

1.光是一种波动，因而无法沿直线方向传播，通过障碍物一定要绕到障碍物的几何阴影区；

2.惠更斯原理也可以解释波动过程中的直线传播现象；

3.波动的反射和折射无法用惠更斯原理来解释；

§4、费马原理

1）费马定理的含义，在三个几何光学定理证明中的应用。

判断选择练习题：

1.费马原理认为光线总是沿一条光程最短的路径传播；

2.费马原理认为光线总是沿一条时间最短的路径传播；

3.费马原理认为光线总是沿一条时间为极值的路径传播；

4.按照费马原理，光线总是沿一条光程最长的路径传播；

5.费马原理要求光线总是沿一条光程为恒定值的路径传播；

6.光的折射定律是光在两种不同介质中的传播现象，因而不满足费马原理。

§5、光度学基本概念

1）

辐射通量与光通量的含义，从辐射通量计算光通量，视见函数的计算。

2）

计算一定亮度面光源产生的光通量。

3）

发光强度单位坎德拉的定义。

判断选择练习题：

1.人眼存在适亮性和适暗性两种视见函数；

2.明亮环境和黑暗环境的视见函数是一样的；

3.昏暗环境中，视见函数的极大值朝短波（蓝色）方向移动；

4.明亮环境中，视见函数的极大值朝长波（绿色）方向移动；

5.1W的辐射通量在人眼产生1W的光通量；

6.存在辐射通量的物体必定可以引起人眼的视觉；

7.在可见光谱范围内，相同的辐射通量，眼睛对每个波长的亮度感觉都一样；

8.在可见光谱范围内，相同的辐射通量，眼睛对波长为550nm光辐射的亮度感觉最强；

9.理想漫射体的亮度与观察方向无关；

10.不同波长、相同辐射通量的光辐射在人眼引起的亮度感觉可能一样；

填空计算练习题：计算结果要给出单位和正负

1、波长为400nm、500nm、600nm、700nm的复合光照射到人眼中，已知这些波长的视见函数值分别为0.004、0.323、0.631、0.004，若这些波长的辐射通量分别为1W、2W、3W、4W，则这些光在人眼中产生的光通量等于-------------。

2、若钠灯是点光源，辐射波长是590nm，该波长的视见函数值为0.757，若单位立体角内的辐射通量是2W，则该光源的发光强度等于-------------。

3、大街上用高压钠灯作为照明光源，辐射波长是590nm，该波长的视见函数值为0.757，若在20平方米的照射面积上的辐射通量是50W，则大街上平均照度等于-------------。

4、一个理想漫射体受到照度为100勒克司的辐射，则它的反射光产生的亮度等于-------------。

第二章

几何光学成像

1）

折射球面成像的有关计算和作图；反射球面成像的有关计算和作图；

2）

证明若干个折射球面的横向放大率等于各个折射球面横向放大率的乘积；

3）

证明拉格朗日——亥姆霍兹定理；

4）

薄透镜成像的有关计算和作图；密接透镜组焦距的计算；

5）

影响照相机景深的因素的公式推导；

6）

显微镜和望远镜视角放大率公式的推导。作图

§1、成像

判断选择练习题：

1.只有实物才能通过光具组成像，虚物无法通过光具组成像；

2.共轭点之间的每条光线的光程是不同的；

3.成像过程中光传播的光程总是正的；

4.物方空间和像方空间在空间上严格以透镜所在平面为分界线；

5.经过光具组成像，实物一定成实像，虚物一定成虚像；

6.实物可以成虚像，虚物可以成实像；

7.物方空间和像方空间在空间上可以重叠；

8.实像可以用眼睛观察，虚像无法用眼睛观察；

§2、共轴球面组傍轴成像

判断选择练习题：

1.除了几个特殊共轭点外，共轴球面光具组（平面镜除外）只能近似成像；；

2.实际中不存在严格成像的光具组；

3.只要是傍轴光线，就可以严格成像；

§3、薄透镜

判断选择练习题：

1.凸透镜一定成实像，凹透镜一定成虚像；

2.密接透镜的焦距等于两个密接透镜焦距之和；

§4、理想光具组理论

判断选择练习题：

1.理想光具组可以严格成像；

2.理想光具组也只能近似成像；

3.经过物方节点入射的光线一定从像方节点平行射出；

4.理想光具组中，垂直光轴的同一平面内横向放大率相等；

§5、光学仪器

判断选择练习题：

1.显微镜和望远镜都是用来提高观察物体相对于眼睛的视角；

2.尺寸大的物体经过人眼后所成的像一定大于尺寸小的物体经过人眼后所成的像；

3.对于照相机，拍摄近处物体时，景深大；拍摄远处物体时，景深小；

4.照相机的光阑大小影响景深的大小，光阑小，景深小；光阑大，景深大；

5.显微镜成实像，望远镜成虚像；

填空计算练习题：计算结果要给出单位和正负

1、一个焦距为10cm凸透镜和一个焦距为－20cm凹透镜构成一个密接透镜，则密接透镜的焦距等于-------------。

2、两个凸透镜和一个凹透镜构成一个没有球差的密接透镜，若两个凸透镜的焦距分别为10cm和20cm，凹透镜透镜的－5cm，则密接透镜的焦距等于-------------。

3、提高显微镜放大率的途径有-------------、-------------、-------------。

4、某个人近视，所戴眼镜的焦距等于－0.25m，相当于度数是-------------。

5、某个人近视，所戴眼镜是400度，眼镜所用透镜的焦距是-------------。

6、某个人远视，所戴眼镜的焦距等于0.5m，相当于度数是-------------。

7、某个人远视，所戴眼镜是度200度，眼镜所用透镜的焦距是-------------。

8、对于轴上物点，傍轴条件可以表示为-------------。

9、对于轴外物点，傍轴条件可以表示为-------------。

10、一个放大镜的焦距等于2.5cm，它的放大倍数等于-------------。

11、一个显微镜的物镜和目镜的焦距分别为50mm、30mm，两个透镜的距离等于400mm，它的视角放大率等于-------------。

12、一个望远镜的两个凸透镜的焦距分别为225mm、45mm，它的视角放大率等于-------------。

F1’

F2

F1

F2’

第三章

干涉

1)

线光源极限宽度的计算、衬比度计算

2)

等倾干涉条纹的特点、光程差计算

3)

双线谱线叠加光强衬比度的证明，单一谱线叠加光强衬比度的证明；最大光程差计算；

4)

空间相干性和时间相干性的总结和理解;

5)

多光束干涉光强半峰宽度的证明，第k级亮纹的角宽度计算；第k级纵模的谱线宽度计算；单模频率间隔计算；可分辨最小波长间隔的计算；推导证明分辨的最小波长间隔刚好等于F-P干涉仪的单模线宽；F-P干涉仪的色分辨本领计算。

§2、光场的空间相干性

判断选择练习题：

1.在点光源照明的光场中，各点都是完全相干的；

2.单色点光源照明的光场中，各点都是完全相干的；

3.只有理想点光源和理想线光源才能观察到干涉条纹；

4.面光源照明的光场中，也可以获得清晰、稳定的干涉条纹；

5.单一谱线点光源照明的光场，一定可以获得清晰、稳定的干涉条纹；

6.面光源照明的光场中，一定无法获得清晰、稳定的干涉条纹；

§4、等倾干涉

判断选择练习题：

1.扩展光源对等倾干涉条纹的观察是有害的；

2.扩展光源有利于等倾干涉条纹的观察；

3.等倾干涉条纹中心条纹级次高，边缘干涉条纹级次低；

4.等倾干涉条纹中心条纹级次低，边缘干涉条纹级次高；

§5、光场的时间相干性

判断选择练习题：

1.原子每次发光产生的每个波列的长度是有限的，只有一个波长；

2.波列长度是有限的意味着光是非单色的；

§6、多光束干涉

判断选择练习题：

1.迈克耳逊干涉仪的条纹比法布里——珀罗干涉仪的条纹细锐；

2.F-P干涉条纹中心条纹级次高，边缘干涉条纹级次低；

3.F-P干涉仪可以分析任意宽波长范围而不会产生光谱重叠现象；

4.参加到干涉效应里来的光束数目越多，干涉条纹的锐度越大；

5.在法布里——珀罗干涉仪中，高反射率不利于透射条纹观察；

填空计算练习题：计算结果要给出单位和正负

1、两个波长分别是600nm和600.0001nm，要用反射率等于0.95的F-P干涉仪器把它们分辨开来，F-P干涉仪两个界面的间隔等于-------------。

2、证明：在F-P干涉仪中，干涉条纹的半峰宽度等于；第k级纵模的谱线宽度等于；可分辨的最小波长间隔等于；

3、He-Ne激光器的波长等于632.8nm，谱线宽度等于0.0001nm，它的波列长度等于-------------；一次测量长度的量程等于-------------。

4、一条谱线的宽度等于Hz，该谱线的波列持续时间等于-------------。

第四章

衍射

1)

理解巴比涅原理；

2)

菲涅耳圆孔衍射和圆屏衍射的半波带分析和矢量分析方法；菲涅耳波带片的有关计算：主焦距，波带片各个半径；

3)

单缝衍射的分析；

4)

多缝衍射的分析：主极大的位置，零点位置，主极大半角宽度，缺级；

5)

光栅光谱仪的性质：谱线的套数；色散本领和色分辨本领；量程和自由光谱范围；

6)

闪耀光栅的两种照明方式，相应的闪耀波长的计算；

§1、光的衍射现象

判断选择练习题：

1.根据巴比涅原理，互补屏产生的衍射现象是一样的；

2.根据巴比涅原理，互补屏产生的衍射现象是互补的；

§2、菲涅耳圆孔衍射和圆屏衍射

判断选择练习题：

1.用菲涅耳波带片可以产生比自由传播强得多的光强；

2.波带片与透镜一样，对于一个波长，只有一个焦点；

3.单独一个半波带在光轴上某点产生的光强比自由传播在该点产生的光强大；

4.圆孔的菲涅耳衍射条纹中心一定是亮点；

5.圆屏的菲涅耳衍射条纹中心一定是暗点；

§3、夫琅禾费单缝衍射和矩孔衍射

判断选择练习题：

§5、夫琅禾费多缝衍射和光栅

判断选择练习题：

1.光栅的缝间干涉增强的地方一定出现亮纹；

2.光栅上的衍射单元越多，光栅的色分辨本领越大；

3.光栅光谱仪的光谱与棱镜光谱仪一样，只有一级光谱；

4.光栅的缝间干涉因子受到单缝衍射因子的调制；

5.光栅的缝间干涉增强的地方可以出现暗纹；

6.光栅光谱仪的邻级光谱可能会发生重叠；

7.棱镜光谱仪也会产生邻级光谱重叠现象；

8.光栅光谱仪不会产生邻级光谱重叠现象；

9.光栅的角色散本领与光栅常数的大小有关，与光栅单元数目无关；

10.光栅的色分辨本领与光栅单元数目和光谱的级别有关，与光栅常数无关；

填空计算练习题：计算结果要给出单位和正负

1、一个光栅有10000个衍射单元，相邻主极大间有---9999----------个暗纹位置，又有----9998---------个次极大；

2、一个光栅的光栅常数等于0.8μm，则最大待测波长等于----0.8μm

---------。

3、光栅光谱仪工作波段的上限波长是800nm，考虑到自由光谱范围的限制，对一级光谱而言，该光谱仪工作波段的下限波长是-----400nm

--------。

4、两个波长分别为589nm和589.6nm，使用宽度为15cm、每毫米内有1200条缝的光栅，在一级光谱中，每条谱线的半角宽度等于---------。

5、一个宽度为15cm、每毫米内有1200条缝的光栅，在可见光波段的550nm处，此光栅能分辨的最小波长差等于---0.003nm

--------。

6、采用闪耀角等于30°闪耀光栅，要把波长为0.5μm的光出现在1级闪耀波长的位置，光栅的刻槽密度（即每毫米多少条刻槽）等于—2000/mm------。

7、一个波带片有100个半波带，序号为偶数的波带不透光，其余都透光，则轴上场点的强度是自由传播光强的—(50.5)2------倍。

8、照明波长等于1.06um，R=1m,b=4m，计算前4个波带的半径。

9、缝宽都等于a,缝间距离分别是d,2d,3d，计算该衍射屏的夫琅禾费衍射强度分布公式。

第六章

偏振

1)

五种偏振态光的检测；如何获得五种偏振态的光。

2)

菲涅耳反射和折射公式，振幅反射率、透射率，光强反射率、透射率，能流反射率、透射率

3)

双折射和作图。正晶体、负晶体，三种偏振晶体棱镜；波晶片；

4)

偏振光的干涉；

5)

旋光现象；旋光片的结构与波晶片比较；旋光现象的解释

作业题：2，6，9，11，22，31，33，43，46，47，48。

§1、光的横波性与光的五种偏振态

判断选择练习题：

1.只用偏振片无法区分自然光和圆偏振光；

2.偏振片可以区分自然光、部分偏振光和线偏振光；

3.自然光可以分解为两种偏振方向相互垂直的、相位差固定的偏振光；

4.圆偏振光以分解为两种偏振方向相互垂直的、相位差固定的偏振光；

§2、光在电介质表面的反射和折射

判断选择练习题：

1.偏振光在界面反射或者折射时，P分量和S分量可以相互转化；

2.线偏振光经过两种不同折射率介质界面时，一定存在反射光；

3.偏振光在界面反射或者折射时，P分量和S分量是相互独立；

4.自然光经过电介质表面反射或折射后偏振保持不变。

5.反射光的振幅一定小于入射光的振幅；

6.透射光的振幅可以大于入射光的振幅；

7.光经过电介质表面必定产生反射；

8.光经过电介质表面必定产生折射；

§3、双折射

判断选择练习题：

1.o光和e光都不是线偏振光；

2.o光和e光都是相对相对于介质而言的；

3.真空中，o光和e光的传播速度不相等；

4.双折射效应是天然物质所特有的现象，用人工方法无法使各向同性物质的物质产生双折射效应；

5.波晶片的光轴垂直其界面，旋光片的光轴平行其界面；

6.在介质传播中，o光可以转换为e光，e光可以转换为o光，§4、晶体光学器件

判断选择练习题：

1.线偏振光与椭圆偏振光偏振性质不同，因而无法相互转化；

2.无法将椭圆偏振光可以转化为线偏振光；

3.o光从一种透明介质进入另一种透明介质后一定还是o光；

4.o光从一种透明介质进入另一种透明介质后可以转化为e光；

§5、偏振光的干涉

判断选择练习题：

1.偏振方向相互垂直的偏振光一定无法产生稳定的干涉图样。

§6、旋光现象

判断选择练习题：

1.氯霉素的疗效与旋光性无关；

2.旋光效应是天然物质所特有的现象，用人工方法无法使无旋光性质的物质产生旋光效应；

3.左、右旋圆偏振光可以分解为线偏振光的叠加，线偏振光却不可能分解为左、右旋圆偏振光的叠加；

4.只有线偏振光存在折射率，圆偏振光没有折射率；

5.线偏振光通过晶体后，一定还是线偏振光；

6.线偏振光通过晶体后，可以转化为圆偏振光；

填空计算练习题：计算结果要给出单位和正负

1.石英制成的旋光片厚度等于3mm，对波长589nm的光旋光率等于21.8°·mm-1，该波长的光沿光轴方向经过旋光片，相对于入射光的振动面，出射光的振动面转动的角度等于-------65.4°--------------------。

第四篇：高三英语词汇复习教学反思

高三英语词汇复习教学反思

高三英语词汇复习教学反思

“要想英语高考考得好，词汇复习不可少。”相信每个高三英语老师都有这样的感受。所以，在高三总复习中，词汇复习显得尤为重要，词汇量在一定程度上决定着学生英语水平的高低，决定着学生的高考成绩。但由于掌握词汇原本就是一项持久而艰巨的任务，加之有的学生学习词汇的方法不当和不能正确对待遗忘规律，一些学生对词汇学习产生了畏难情绪，英语单词成了他们学习英语的拦路虎。因此，如何有效地组织学生进行高考前的词汇复习就成了困扰老师的一个问题。下面谈谈指导学生进行词汇复习的一些做法。

一、让学生充分了解词汇复习的重要性和艰巨性。

英语词汇好比家庭主妇做饭用的柴米油盐，离开它，英语学习就成了一句空话。有的学生认为中学几年记单词没少花力气，结果却差强人意，所以抱一种“破罐子破摔”的态度；有的学生怀疑在学习任务重、时间紧的情况下，花大量的时间和精力是否值得；有的学生记得慢却遗忘得快，有一种力不从心的感觉。由于受到这些心理的影响，学生在复习单词时就不能积极主动地投入，产生了懈怠、焦虑、畏难情绪，这势必影响复习的效率。所以，教师应当让学生在思想上对词汇复习有足够的认识，在心理上做好充分的准备，想方设法让他们树立信心，不畏艰难，下定决心突破词汇关。

二、帮助学生了解单词的复习内容和学习方法

复习单词，应该注意单词的四个要素——读音、拼写、词性、词义，不能把四个要素孤立分隔开来记忆。当然有效记忆单词的方法是很关键的，既省时省力，又不易遗忘。下面介绍两种有效记忆单词的方法。1.联想法。在长期的英语教学中，我发现很多单词都存在一词多义现象，而这些词义之间并不是孤立的，通过一定的联想并进行适当排序，能够把它们有机地联系在一起。如contribute 有“贡献、捐赠、导致、投稿、促进”的意思，把它们之间的词义稍加排序，就可以这样记忆：“（一个人向报社）投稿，（把稿费）捐赠，（对社会作出）贡献，导致促进（了和谐社会）”。再如，lie的过去式、过去分词是考试当中出现频率极高的单词，学生掌握起来容易混淆，很难记住，但通过对一只母鸡的联想就能够轻易解决这个问题。这个联想就是：“一只母鸡，（规则）地撒谎以后，（不规则）地躺下，（规则地）下了蛋之后，再把蛋（规则）地摆放好，这时lie, lied, lied, lying（撒谎）;lie, lay, lain, lying（躺）;lay, laid, laid, laying（下蛋；产卵；搁；放置）便清晰地出现在学生头脑里。

2.对比记忆法。英语中，有些单词在拼写上很接近，通过比较使学生明白其差异，能达到更好地掌握单词的目的。如board与abroad，board 有木板的意思，把它联想成登船所用的甲板，所以abroad 有登船（飞机、火车）的意思；而board 有宽的意思，到了国外眼界宽，所以abroad有出国的意思。又如 wander 与wonder，它们的差异在于中间的字母a与o上，比较之后可以这样记：a在徘徊流浪，o想知道一个奇迹。通过这样的学习方法，既增加了学习的趣味性，又易于记住单词；既增强了学生的自信心，又调动了他们的积极性。转贴于 中国论文下载中心 http://

三、有计划地组织学生复习巩固词汇

掌握词汇不能靠冲击和突击，必须坚持不懈，持之以恒，要经常进行复习，反复进行巩固，即在练习中掌握词汇，培养语感，可以从以下几方面入手。

1.多进行听力训练。可以听句子、听短文、听对话，要求学生能听懂关键词和关键句，通过听掌握单词的地道发音，储备大量的语音信息，为阅读写作打下良好的基础。

2.适当增加阅读量。阅读能让单词习惯用语、固定搭配等源源不断地刺激大脑皮层，从而巩固和扩大学生的词汇量，培养学生的语感；反过来，词汇量对顺利阅读又起着非常重要的作用。在高三复习期间，每天学生应有至少两篇的阅读量。3.多进行写作训练。写并不是机械地抄写课文或词组，而是围绕词汇做一些句子的翻译练习，并且每周要求学生用本周复习的词写一篇短文，或由老师选出一些词要求学生在写短文时用上这些词。这种运用中复习单词的方法，既有利于学生全面有效地掌握单词，又可以训练学生的英语表达能力。

四、明确高考重点词汇，精心设计词汇练习题

在第二轮复习期间，老师就把全部考纲词汇进行编排整理，列出重点单词的注音、词性、汉语意思、短语词组、重点句型、固定搭配等，以方便学生对重点词汇的巩固。为了让学生更好地理解和运用词汇，老师就要投入到茫茫题海中去猎取有价值的东西，然后把这些东西精心编排成词汇练习，让学生去品味经典句子，在练习中了解高考考点，从句子中体会词的含义和用法。所选的句子和短文一部分来自于近10年的高考题、地区调研试题和一些知名学校高考模拟试题，这些句子具有很好的语境，同时还具有较强的延伸性，也就是通过做一个词汇练习题可以启发学生进行联想、扩展、比较，从而引导学生形成一个相对完整的知识网络。这样，大大提高了学生的学习效率，也减轻了学生的学习负担；不仅保证了让学生“吃得好”，也保证了让学生“吃得精”。

五、重落实，重鼓励

对词汇复习不要流于形式，要落到实处，这就要求教师制定出详细的复习计划，及时了解学生复习情况。对学生在复习中出现的问题要加以研究，对学生普遍存在的问题要及时加以处理。老师可以用练习题检查学生的词汇复习情况，也可以抽出部分同学的部分练习题进行批改。对学生取得的点滴成绩一定要给予鼓励，这样可以激发学生学习英语的热情，增强学生克服困难的决心。

总之，掌握丰富的词汇绝非一日之功。在词汇的复习中，师生的共同重视是搞好英语词汇总复习的必要前提，教师在引导学生注意复习方法的同时，还要注意调动学生积极性，时刻激励学生的学习斗志，不断挖掘学生的潜力，以提高复习效率。只有这样，学生冲刺高考才有实力，才能在高考中取得理想成绩。

第五篇：小学英语词汇教学复习建议

小学英语词汇教学及复习建议

马龙县通泉第一小学

金春梅

在《英语课程标准》第18页指出：词汇的二级目标是知道单词由字母构成，学习600－700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语，并能初步运用400个左右的单词表达二级规定的相应话题；同时要根据单词的音、形、义来学习词汇。

教师要根据学生的身心特点，巧妙利用各种途径和方法，设计浅显易懂的词汇呈现方式进行循序渐进的词汇练习，开展丰富多彩的词汇运用活动，从而提高词汇教学的科学性、有效性，帮助学生获得学习语言和运用语言的能力。

词汇是构成语言的三大要素之一，是语言的基础材料。人类的思维活动是借助词汇进行的，人类的思想交流也是由词汇构成的句子来实现的。掌握词汇量的多少直接影响语言表达能力的强弱。由此可见，词汇教学在整个英语教学中的地位非常重要。

一、小学英语词汇教学现状

小学英语教师为了给学生打好英语学习的基础，千方百计抓好词汇教学，听、说、读、写样样不放松。同时也深知词汇学习一直是学生在英语学习中感到最难的，特别是词汇的积累与运用。因此在实际教学中只关注学生对单词的记忆，让学生反复地、机械地记忆。学生虽然记住了不少单词，但运用起来却束手无策。这样的做法忽视了词汇的运用和交际功能，学生对词汇的学习也产生了厌倦、焦虑情绪，从而减弱学习热情。

在小学英语词汇教学中存在以下几种误区：

1、词汇呈现繁冗化

教师为了给学生留下一个深刻的印象，力求形象生动地呈现生词，引导学生感知词义而盲目地设计过多的多媒体课件或利用实物教授生词。在课堂教学中介入过多的信息吸引了学生的注意力，却放松了对生词的学习。学生看似快乐，课堂气氛活跃了，但这样繁冗的生词呈现方式却干扰了学生的学习，效果适得其反。

2、词汇教学零碎化

在平时的词汇教学中，很多教师没有意识到“词不离句”的教学方法，大多数是一个一个地教，极少关注词汇教学的整体认知。像这样逐个地教单词，学生在学习的过程中会存在一个问题，即“只树木不见林”，导致学生难以形成完整的语言思维体系。

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3、操练活动边缘化，形式简单化

教师根据教学内容组织一系列生动活泼的活动，让学生乐学、会学、多学，抓住学生对“玩”情有独钟的心理，采用“玩、演、唱、说、画”等游戏活动形式吸引学生，完成多种技能的训练，达到牢固掌握知识和运用实践的目的。然而，过于热闹的活动吸引了学生却忽略了活动的本质是为学习内容服务。活动的形式可以多种多样，但不应脱离语言学习，脱离教学内容，而应该使活动的内容形式高度统一，使活动为教学目标服务。

教师在教授新词时，在单词的呈现上能做到形象生动，方法巧妙。但是在之后的词汇操练方面往往把注意力集中到背诵、默写和做练习题上，而忽略了词汇在听说读写各方面的综合运用，有的学生成了做练习题的能手，背单词的高手，但听说能力薄弱，造成学用脱节的现象，不利于学生的终身学习和可持续发展。

二、小学生学习英语词汇的现状

《课标》中语言知识目标要求中指出二级词汇目标是学习600－700个单词。这也意味着学生平均每天要记忆一个单词。小学生由于没有养成良好的学习习惯，不能及时有效地记忆与巩固单词，所以导致英语学习困难，甚至产生厌学情绪。而影响学生英语学习的主要因素是词汇学习，影响词汇学习的最大因素又是记忆单词的方法不合理。我们知道单词是音、形、义的结合体，读音是单词学习的重要组成部分。学生在学习单词时缺少必需的语音认知基础，为了记住读音就用汉语拼音或汉字给英语单词注音，这样的学习方法往往让学生读不准单词、句子，对学生危害极大。有的学生知道单个单词的意思而不了解其适用的具体的语言环境，不能更好地理解单词的含义，更不能运用单词与别人交流。同时因为缺乏良好的记忆方法而影响词汇学习及词汇量的积累。

三、小学英语词汇教学的原则及步骤

英语学习的目的是体现在交流运用上，这就必须要有足够的词汇量。由词到句的学习积累、运用是复杂而且不能孤立教学的过程，把词汇放在特定的句子、特定的语境中学习才能更好地掌握运用词汇并运用词汇与别人交流信息。因此，在词汇教学中必须遵循词句结合的原则，即“句不离词、词不离句”。

综合比较多种词汇教学的特点，有效的词汇教学应具备以下几个步骤：词汇呈现→词汇操练→词汇再现。

（一）词汇呈现的方法 词汇的呈现有很多形式，教师应从教学实际出发，充分考虑学生的年

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龄特征。选择合适的方法，让学生全方位地感觉新词。不同的形式吸引学生眼球，能抓住学生好奇心，激发他们的学习热情和兴趣。小学生的思维直观、活跃，因此在呈现单词时要直观形象，让学生能看得见、摸得着、感觉得到。教师可以充分利用图片、实物、声音、手势或动作辅助词汇教学，加强教学的直观性、形象性和生动性，加深对词汇的感性认识，形成生动活泼的词汇教学气氛。教师在教学中根据不同单词、不同年级的学生把这些方法有机结合起来，根据学生的记忆特征规律，调动学生在视觉、听觉、触觉等多种感官来提高单词的识记效率。

利用实物呈现。由于小学生的思维直观，教师在呈现生词时就要形象直观。在教授与学生生活密切相关的单词（如水果、蔬菜、玩具等）时把实物一一展示在学生面前，让学生看得见，摸得着，能轻松掌握记忆单词的音、形、义，达到事半功倍的效果。

利用媒体呈现。多媒体集声像动画于一体，有丰富多彩的视听效果。教师运用多媒体进行英语教学，可以使学生的听觉与视觉同时接受刺激，激发学生兴趣，提高记忆效率，增强教学实效性。如教授一些动词时制作相关的动画课件，播放扫地、铺床、跑、跳等动作片段时呈现相对应的词组，以此提高学习的趣味性。

利用情境呈现。在词汇教学时教师可以创设情境，以便于学生将抽象的语言与具体的内容结合起来。如播放音乐呈现music，唱歌引出sing songs。还可以发挥想象，创设有趣的情境。如“马和老鼠跑到房子里”引出horse，mouse和house。“一只喉咙疼的山羊穿着大衣坐在小船里”引出throat, goat, coat和 boat。

利用特征呈现。对于一些特征明显的单词，教师可以在呈现时突出单词的特点，如板书时把big写得很大，small写得很小。介绍班上最强壮和最瘦的同学引出strong和thin，再对比他们的身体特征引出stronger和thinner。这样让学生在鲜明的对比中感受单词语义，达到见词明意的目的，提高词汇教学的实效性。

（二）词汇操练的方法

教师在呈现词汇后，操练要紧紧跟上，这一环节是不可或缺的。词汇练习时间长、强度大利于学生记住单词。教师要善于将词汇操练融入听、说、读、写活动中，使词汇教学更加丰富、有效，善于营造良好的语言氛围，给学生创造“输出”词汇的环境，为学生提供表达、运用的机会，引导学生进行语言实践，尽快将学生的“输入”知识转化成“输出”知识，从而转变成自己的语言能力。小学阶段的词汇操练策略主要有重复、歌曲、歌谣、—3—

游戏、故事和听说读写活动。

（三）词汇再现的方法

单词学习中提高词汇的复现率是非常重要的。学生学过的词汇要及时复习，增加词汇的复现率，加深学生对词汇的进一步理解、巩固、记忆和运用，并及时反馈、适度评价。在词汇再现的过程中，教师要注意组织符合学生特点的活动，鼓励学生建立自己的词汇联系。教师把课堂交际作为立足点，逐步引导学生将语言的运用从课堂延伸到课外乃至日常生活中，做到学以致用，知行合一，学用统一。

词汇呈现、词汇操练和词汇再现是一个整体，在词汇教学中教师要采取形式多样、灵活多变的教学策略，将这三个环节有机地整合，巧妙地把单词的学与用融入各类活动中。只有做到词汇呈现生动形象，词汇操练循序渐进，词汇再现注重运用，才能激发学生学习动机，调动学生的学习积极性，建立学习自信心，开拓思维，达到学以致用的最终目的。

词汇教学不仅仅是单词教学，单词只有在组成句子和话语之后才能实现其交际功能。因此词汇教学不是孤立的教学环节，而要与课文、对话联系在一起。

四、提高词汇教学效率和复习词汇的几种方法

学习词汇不仅要掌握单词的音、形、义，更要重视在听说读写的实际活动中准确熟练地运用和巩固词汇，提高语言实践能力，达到学用合一。

（一）分类综合，及时巩固

教师在引导学生巩固新词时要善于发现词与词之间的联系，把单词按一定规律加以归类巩固复习，有利于学生熟练掌握，举一反三。

1、按词义归类综合复习。如月份、数字、颜色、季节、房间、书籍、动物、食物、身体部位等。

2、按同义词归类。如father, dad, mother, mom。

3、按反义词归类。如long－short，longer－shorter, go－come, black－white。

（二）用词造句，激发想象

教师在指导学生巩固运用单词时可以采用用词造句的方法，以此激活学生原有的知识，并在新学到的知识中造句。通过造句，把新知识纳入原有的知识结构中。如用It’s time to…造句，可以综合四至六年级的知识。It’s time to get up.It’s time to have lunch.It’s time to play sports.It’s time to read a magazine.在造句的过程中学生学会正确运用新词汇，也复习以往学过的知识，实现知识的再现，提高单词的复现率。另外在学生用词造句时，—4—

教师应鼓励启发学生有创意、有特色，这样既激发学生的创造力和想象力，也能促使学生养成用英语去思考、去实践的好习惯，同时实现用英语交流的目的。

（三）熟记典型例句，替换出口成句

在英语复习中词汇、句型实现有机结合，一体复习。把每一单元的知识点梳理归纳成典型的句型，并通过例句训练巩固，让学生理解、消化，同时模仿句型，会套用句型，替换其中的重点词汇，脱口说出新的句型。如What did you do last weekend? I took pictures last weekend.可以用last week, last month, last night ,yesterday, last holiday来替换last weekend,用cleaned my room, did homework, visited my grandparents等词组替换took pictures。这样的训练方式突出了“词不离句、句不离词”的教学原则。

（四）八词记忆法

灵活多变地记忆单词的策略与方法可以帮助学生轻松快速地记忆单词。针对小学生心理特点，特别是长时间枯燥的复习使学生疲惫不堪，因此采用多种方法复习词汇尤为重要。

1、象形词。象形词是人们根据事物突出的形状、特征而创造出来的，这类词只要抓住特点就很容易记住。如eye中的两个e代表两只眼睛。rabbit的b代表兔子的两只耳朵。pen（钢笔）短，所以字母少，pencil（铅笔）比钢笔长，因此字母更多，pencil-case（铅笔盒）要放pen和pencil就需要更长，即更多的字母。

2、拟音词。部分单词的词义与读音是有联系的，如钟走动的声音与tick相关，鸭子的叫声与quack相关。

3、组合词。学生可以用熟悉的字母，通过重新排列组合去记忆新学的单词。它能简化记忆程序，使记忆变得有趣、生动。如eat，tea和ate，ear和are。

4、近音同音词。英语单词中有很多的近音词和同音词，教师可以指导学生通过比较观察，寻找它们的异同，加深印象，增强记忆效果。例如meet和meat，for和four，sun和son。除了同音词，还可以把近音词归在一起记忆。如week，walk和wake。sleep, sweep，sheep，jeep和deep。

5、内部对称词。有些英语单词中会出现一些前后对称的字母，抓住对称的字母，准确高效地记住这些单词。如tomato, onion, cucumber, museum, tomorrow。

6、联想关联词。通过发挥想象力可以把一些字母相近或相同的单词产生关联性，这样可使记忆更加形象、具体。例如用ear（耳朵）去hear

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（听）,“学习必须用耳朵”联想ear和learn。“抓住猫”有catch和cat。“ 双胞胎用窗户阻挡了风就胜了”联想记忆twin，twins，window, wind, win。

7、外来音译词。在日常生活中有很多直接来源于英语的词汇，让学生了解它们的由来，一方面可以拓展知识面，另一方面又让他们快速记住所学词汇的读音，如沙发与sofa,吉普与jeep。

8、合成派生词。部分单词是通过转化、合成、派生而组成的，了解一些常见的构词法能帮助学生记住单词。如pencil和pencil-case, tooth和toothache, head和headache, water和watermelon , class和classmate , black, board和blackboard。

五、重点词汇

*学习用品（20个）

pen 钢笔

pencil铅笔

pencil-case 铅笔盒 sharpener卷笔刀English book英语书 ruler尺子 book书 bag 包 math book数学书

Chinese book语文书 story-book故事书 eraser橡皮

magazine杂志 newspaper报纸 comic book漫画书 post card明信片 crayon蜡笔 schoolbag书包

notebook笔记本 dictionary词典

1、–What’s this in English?

– It’s a book.2、–I have a pen.–May I have a look?

–Sure, here you are.3、–How many English books do you have?

– I have 2.4、–What are you going to do tomorrow?

–I’m going to read a magazine.5、–What are you going to buy?

–I’m going to buy some comic books.*人体（15个）

head头

hand手

eye眼睛

ear耳朵

face脸

nose鼻子

mouth嘴

arm胳膊

body身体

tail尾巴

tooth牙齿

hair头发

leg 腿

foot 脚

finger 手指

1、This is my head.2、Touch your nose.3、She has big eyes and a small nose.4、My hands are bigger than yours.5、– How long are your arms?

– 76cm.6、–How big are your feet?

–I wear size 17.*颜色（colour 10个）

red红色

yellow黄色 blue蓝色

black黑色

green绿色 brown棕色 pink粉红色

purple紫色 orange橙色 white白色

—6—

1、–What colour is it?

– It’s black and white./ It’s red.2、I like the white skirt.*数词（37个）

one一two二three三 four四 five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一 twelve十二 thirteen十三

fourteen十四 fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九 twenty二十

thirty三十

forty四十fifty五十

sixty六十

seventy七十

eighty八十

ninety九十

first第一 second第二

third第三 fifth第五

eighth第八 ninth第九twelfth第十二 twentieth第二十 twenty-one 二十一 hundred百

1、–How many Chinese books do you have?

– I have three.2、–How many people are there in your family?

–There are three.They are my father, my mother and me.3、–How many horses are there?

–There are twenty.4、–What’s the date?

–It’s April 15th(April the fifteenth).5、–When is your birthday?

– It’s June 1st(June the first).–It is in June.6、–What time is it? –It’s 4:30.It’s 5 o’clock.7、–How old are you?

–I am eleven.8、–How tall are you?

– I’m 164cm tall.9、–How heavy are you?

–I’m 48kg.10、–How many kites can you see? –I can see two.*动物（animals 31个)cat猫 dog狗 pig猪 duck鸭子 rabbit兔子 horse马 elephant大象 kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴子

panda熊猫 bear熊 tiger老虎 squid鱿鱼 lion狮子 mouse老鼠 bird鸟 cow奶牛goat山羊sheep绵羊 lamb羊羔 deer鹿 hen母鸡 giraffe长颈鹿squirrel松鼠 lobster龙虾shark鲨鱼seal海豹 ant蚂蚁 fish鱼 sperm whale抹香鲸 killer whale虎鲸

1、I have a cat.2、–What are they? –They are goats.3、–What are these? – They are sheep.4、–Do you like monkeys? – Yes, I do./No, I don’t.—7—

5、I like ducks.6、–What is the elephant doing?

–It’s drinking water.7、–What are the bears doing?

–They are fighting.8、–How many horses are there? –There are forty.9、–What can you see in the picture?

–I can see five cats, eight rabbits and three pigs.10、–Which monkey is stronger, the yellow one or the brown one?

– The yellow monkey is stronger than the brown monkey.*职业（20个）

teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士accountant 会计driver司机singer歌手 actor男演员

actress女演员

artist画家 engineer工程师

farmer农民 writer作家TV reporter电视台记者 policeman警察

baseball player棒球运动员salesperson销售员

cleaner清洁工

worker 工人

dancer 舞蹈家

1、My mother is a teacher.My father is a doctor.2、–What does your father do?

–He is an actor.3、–What does she do?

–She is an actress.4、–What is your father？

–He is a policeman.*食物、饮料(food and drink 26个）

bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水 egg蛋tofu豆腐 fish鱼肉 cake蛋糕pork猪肉 hamburger汉堡包French fries炸薯条rice米饭pork猪肉 noodles面条 chicken鸡肉 mutton羊肉 vegetable蔬菜 soup汤 Coke可乐 ice-cream冰淇淋 juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡（breakfast早餐 lunch午餐

dinner晚餐）*水果、蔬菜（fruits and vegetables 16个）

apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨strawberry草莓orange橙子watermelon西瓜grapes葡萄 peach桃子 tomato西红柿 potato土豆cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱cabbage卷心菜 eggplant茄子 green beans青豆 carrot胡萝卜

1、I like bread and milk.2、–What would you like for lunch?

–I’d like some fish and rice.3、–What’s your favourite food?

– Mutton.It’s tasty.– My favourite food is chicken.4、–What are those?

– They are cucumbers.5、–What do you have for dinner on Mondays？

—8—

–I have fish and green beans.6、–Do you like peaches?

–Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.7、–Have some chicken, please.–Thank you.8、–Can I have some French fries? – Sure, here you are.*衣物（16个）

jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt T恤衫skirt裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤

pants长裤 socks袜子 shoes鞋子sweater毛衣 raincoat雨衣shorts 短裤sneakers胶底运动鞋 slippers拖鞋

sandals凉鞋

boots靴子

1、I like the green sweater and the white skirt.2、–How much is it?

–It’s thirty yuan.3、–How much are the sneakers?

–They are eighty yuan.4、–What are they? – They are sandals.5、The sweater is pretty.The socks are colourful.6、–Can I wear my new T-shirt? –Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.7、–Where are my socks?

–They are on the chair.8、–Whose is the shirt?

–It’s my shirt.(It’s John’s shirt.)*交通工具（10个）

bike自行车

bus公共汽车

train火车

boat小船

ship轮船

taxi出租车 jeep吉普车

plane飞机

subway地铁

car小汽车

1、–How do you go to school?

–I go to school by bike.2、–How do you go to America?

–I go by plane.3、–How does your mother go to work? –She goes to work by bus.4、–How did you go to Beijing? –I went by train.*杂物（50个）

chair椅子

bed床

computer计算机

board写字板

fan风扇 light灯picture图画 wall墙

floor 地板

curtain窗帘

trash bin 垃圾箱

closet衣橱

mirror镜子

end table床头柜 football足球 present礼物 lamp台灯 phone电话 sofa沙发shelf书架 fridge冰箱

table桌子

air-conditioner空调

key钥匙

lock锁plate盘子 knife刀 fork叉子

spoon勺子 chopsticks筷子 umbrella伞 toy玩具 doll洋娃娃 ball球 balloon气球 kite风筝 box盒子pot 锅、盆violin小提琴TV电视traffic lights 交通灯e-card电子卡片 e-mail电子邮件 gift礼物 medicine药

teacher’s desk讲台door 门walkman随身听 window 窗户 desk 课桌

—9—

1、This is a window.That is a door.2、–What’s in the room?

–There is a mirror, a closet, a bed and an end table.–There are two mirrors in the room.3、–Is it a teacher’s desk? – Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.4、Look at the traffic lights.*地点（42个）

home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间living room客厅，起居室 fan风扇 classroom教室 school学校 park公园

library 图书馆 post office邮局hospital医院

cinema电影院 playground操场bookstore书店farm农场art room绘画教室zoo动物园garden花园

study书房 gym体育馆

canteen食堂

washroom卫生间factory工厂 teacher’s office教师办公室music room音乐教室country国家computer room计算机教室 nature park自然公园supermarket超市bank银行fruit stand水果摊TV room电视机房 theme park主题公园 bus stop公交车站 pet shop宠物商店 science museum科学博物馆 the Great Wall长城 village乡村city城市company公司kitchen厨房

1、–Where is the library?

– It’s next to the post office.2、This is the art room.That is the computer room.3、–Where are you going tomorrow?

–I’m going to the Great Wall.4、–How do you go to the theme park?

– I go to the theme park on foot.5、–Where did you go?

– I went to the theme park.6、– How can I get to the science museum?

–You can go by the No.1 bus.*课程（10个）

P.E.class体育课

English class英语课

music class音乐课 Chinese class语文课 science科学 Moral Education思想品德课 computer 计算机 art 美术math class数学课Social studies社会课

1、It’s time for English class.2、It’s time to have Chinese class.3、I like science.I don’t like music.—10—

4、–What do you have on Tuesdays?

–We have Chinese and English.5、–Who is your English teacher? –Mr.Carter.6、–Does she teach English? – Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.She teaches math.*国家、城市（6个）

China/PRC中国 America/ the USA美国 the UK/England英国 Canada /the CAN加拿大

Australia 澳大利亚

New York纽约

1、–Where are you from?

–I’m from China.2、–How do you go to Canada?

– I go to Canada by plane.*气象（11个）

cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的 snowy下雪的 sunny晴朗的hot炎热的 rainy下雨的 windy有风的cloudy多云的 weather天气

weather report天气预报

1、–What’s the weather like today?

–It’s sunny and warm.2、It’s a snowy day.*景物（16个）

river河流 lake湖泊 stream小溪 forest森林path小道road公路house房子 bridge桥 building建筑物 rain雨cloud云 sun太阳 mountain山，山脉 sky天空 rainbow彩虹 wind风

1、There is a river in the park.2、There are two bridges in the village.3、–Is there a path in the forest?

–Yes, there is./-No, there isn’t.4、–Where does the rain come from?

–It comes from the clouds.5、–Are there any tall buildings in your city?

–Yes, there are./-No, there aren ’t.*植物（7个）

flower花

grass草 tree树 seed种子 sprout苗 plant植物

leaf(leaves)叶子

1、Plant the flower seeds in the soil.2、Wait for a sprout.3、–There are flowers on the grass.4、–How do you plant trees? –First, dig the soil.5、–What should you do then?

—11—

–Water them.In several days, you can see a sprout.6、–How do you do that? –It’s easy.First, put the seeds in the soil.*星期（week周、星期 8个）

Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五 Saturday星期六 Sunday星期日weekend周末

1、–What day is it today?

–It’s Monday.2、–What do you have on Mondays?

–We have Chinese, math and English on Mondays.3、–How many days are there in a week?

–Seven.4、–Is her birthday in May?

–Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.*月份（month 12个）

Jan.(January)一月

Feb.(February)二月

Mar.(March)三月

April四月

May五月

June六月

July七月

Aug.(August)八月

Sept.(September)九月 Oct.(October)十月 Nov.(November)十一月

Dec.(December)十二月

1、–When is your birthday?

–It’s in January./ It’s January 1st.2、My birthday is in June.*季节（5个）

season季节

spring春天

summer夏天 fall秋天

winter冬天

1、–Which season do you like best?

– I like spring best.2、It’s cold in winter.3、–Why do you like summer?

–Because I can swim in the river.4、–What’s your favourite season? – My favourite season is fall.(Fall.)*方位（6个）

east东

south南

west西

north北

left左边

right右边

1、–Where is the post office?

–It’s east of the hospital.2、It’s next to the school.3、Turn right.Turn left.4、–Turn left at the cinema, then go straight.It’s on the right.*患病（6个）

have a fever发烧

hurt疼痛

have a cold感冒

have a sore throat喉咙疼

—12—

have a toothache牙疼

have a headache头疼

1、–What ’s the matter, Mike?

–I feel sick.I have a cold.My nose hurts.2、–What’s the matter with you? / What’s the matter? –I have a toothache.*形容词（57个）

big大的small小的long长的tall高的 thin瘦的 quiet安静的short矮的；短的 strong健壮的 old旧的，老的 funny滑稽可笑的young年轻的kind和蔼亲切的 strict严格的 active积极活跃的smart聪明的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的tasty好吃的 sweet甜的 salty咸的 sour酸的fresh新鲜的favourite最喜爱的happy高兴的 bored无聊的 sad忧愁的 clean干净的 sick有病的taller更高的 shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的thinner 更瘦的 heavier更重的 longer更长的 smaller更小的 good 好的 right 对的great很好的 better更好的heavy重的new新的beautiful漂亮的hungry饥饿的colourful色彩鲜艳的 expensive昂贵的 pretty漂亮的 cheap便宜的healthy健康的easy简单的ill生病的high高的lovely可爱的cute逗人喜爱的

1、She has long hair.He has short hair.2、He has a big nose and small eyes.3、–What’s she like?

–She is quiet.She is kind.4、I like apples.They are sweet.I don’t like grapes.They are sour.5、It’s healthy and fresh.6、–How do you feel?

– I am happy.7、–How does she feel? –She is angry.–How does he feel?

–He is bored.8、You look happy.9、I’m stronger and taller than you.I’m older than you.10、You are shorter and thinner than me.*介词（8个）

in在……里 on在……上 under在……下面near在……的旁边behind在……后边

next to与 ……相邻

over在……上面

in front of在……前面

1、There is a mirror and a bed in the room.—13—

2、There are many flowers near the river.3、–Where is the school? – It’s next to the hospital.4、–Where is the car?

–It’s under the chair.*代词（16个）

I我me我we我们you你；你们he他she她my我的our我们的 your你的；你们的his他的her她的it它they他（她、它）们 its它的 their他（她、它）们的him他 *动词(48个)swim游泳 skate滑冰 swing 荡，荡秋千

jump跳

walk走 run跑 climb爬，爬山 fight打架eat吃fly飞 sleep睡觉 like喜欢 have有；吃 live居住 teach教 learn学习sing唱歌 dance跳舞 row划、划船 work工作open打开close关上read读feel感觉drive驾驶wait等stop停paint绘画write写play玩；踢turn转弯buy买 take带,乘坐study学习love爱 meet见面、遇见 welcome欢迎thank谢谢drink喝look看ride骑find找到wash洗become变成fall落下leave离开help帮助 go去 *动词词组（69个）

do homework做作业

water the flowers浇花

read books读书

watch TV看电视

cook the meals做饭sweep the floor扫地clean the bedroom打扫卧室 make the bed铺床 go to school上学set the table摆饭桌wash the clothes洗衣服have English class上英语课

do the dishes洗碗碟 use a computer使用计算机

get up起床 do morning exercises晨练 eat dinner吃晚饭

eat breakfast吃早饭 climb mountains爬山 go shopping买东西 play the piano弹钢琴 go hiking去远足 fly kites放风筝visit grandparents看望外祖父母 make a snowman堆雪人 plant trees种树 draw pictures画画clean the room打扫房间 read a book看书 answer the phone接电话 listen to music听音乐 cook dinner做饭 play sports进行体育运动write a letter写信 drink water喝水 write an e-mail写电子邮件 take pictures照相 watch insects观察昆虫 count insects数昆虫pick up leaves采摘树叶

do an experiment做实验 go home回家 catch butterflies捉蝴蝶

collect leaves收集树叶get off下车write a report写报告 play chess下棋

have a picnic举行野餐get to到达

ride a bike骑自行车

play the violin拉小提琴 make kites制作风筝 collect stamps集邮

go to bed上床睡觉do housework做家务

play computer games玩电脑游戏 put on穿上 put away the clothes收拾衣服 go to the cinema去看电影take a trip去旅行wake up醒来 read a magazine阅读杂志 empty the trash倒垃圾 turn left左转 turn right右转 go straight直走

look at看一看 look for寻找 get on上车

1、–What can you do?

–I can cook the meals.2、–What can the tigers do?

–They can run.3、–What is the rabbit doing?

– It is jumping.—14—

4、–What are the lions doing?

–They are fighting.5、–What is your father doing?

– He is writing an e-mail in the study.6、–Can you sweep the floor?

– Yes, I can./-No, I can’t.7、–What are you going to do next weekend? –I am going to take a trip.8、–What did you do last weekend?

– I watched TV and read a book.9、–What do you do on the weekend?

– I often play sports and go hiking.10、–When do you do morning exercises?

– I usually do morning exercises at 8：30.11、–What’s your hobby?

–I like riding a bike and collecting stamps.12、–What is Zhang Peng doing?

–He is picking up leaves.13、–Are they watching insects? –Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.14、–What does your father do in the evening？

–He watches TV and reads newspapers.15、–Is she cooking dinner?

–Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.16、–What are you doing? –I’m cooking dinner.*特殊疑问词(17个)what什么 where哪里 who谁 whose谁的 when什么时候 how怎样which哪一个 what time什么时候 how many多少 how old几岁what colour什么颜色how heavy多重 how tall多高

how much多少钱 how long多长 why为什么 how big多大

六、补充词汇

（一）反义词（对应词）

yes – no

black – white big – small long – short tall – short

strong – thin

young – old sweet – sour

boy – girl west – east south – north taller – shorter

left – right good – bad longer – shorter

younger– older bigger – smaller far–near father – mother open – close stronger – thinner happy – sad man– woman come–go(二）同义词

father – dad

mother –

mom

grandfather – grandpa grandma –

grandmother

—15—

（三）字母相同或相反的单词(内部对称词)

1、eraser

2、onion

3、cucumber

4、banana

5、tomato

6、museum

7、tomorrow

（四）同音近音异形词

1、dive, diving, drive, driver

2、by, bye, buy

3、like, bike, hike(go hiking)

4、rain, rainy, train

5、sheep, sweep, sleep, deep, jeep

6、night, right, fight, light, might

7、game, same, name

8、show, snow, know, row, now, how, wow, cow

9、art, smart, start

10、year, dear, ear, hear, near, bear, pear, wear

11、these, those, nose, whose

12、mouth, south, mouse, house

13、fall, call, ball, wall, tall, all, small

14、other, another, mother, brother, father

15、need, feed, seed

16、watch, catch, match

17、active, act, actor, actress, factory

18、elephant, plant, want, ant, eggplant, aunt, plate, plane

19、work, week, walk, wake, cake, lake, take, make 20、May, may, day, way, play, subway, always, stay, say

21、best, west, vest, nest, test

22、book, look, cook, took

23、meat, meet, feet, foot, food, good

24、tea, teach, teacher, peach, each

25、son, sun, run, fun, funny, sunny 附：

（六）功能及话题

在《课标》19页指出语言知识的功能目标是：理解和运用有关下列功能的语言表达形式是问候、介绍、告别、请求、邀请、致谢、道歉、情感、喜好、建议、祝愿等。话题目标是理解和运用有关下列话题的语言表达形式：个人情况、家庭与朋友、身体健康、学校与日常生活、文体活动、节假日、饮食、服装、季节与天气、颜色、动物。

—16—

—17—