西安美联英语大学英语四级考试写作攻略

第一篇：西安美联英语大学英语四级考试写作攻略

体验式英语教育先锋美联英语

标题：大学英语四级考试写作模板攻略_如何写记叙文

关键词：大学英语四级考试写作模板攻略

导读：对于要报考六月份的英语四级考试的朋友来说，掌握大学英语四级考试写作模板攻略是非常重要的。英语四级作文的类型有很多，考生朋友一定要有针对性的去复习。

对于考英语四级的朋友来说，英语作文是非常重要一部分内容，也是困扰考生们最大的一个问题。而在大学英语四级考试写作模板攻略中，英语记叙文是不可忽视的一种类型。下面，我们就一起来了解下如何写好英语四级记叙文作文吧。

记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主，又可以以写事为主。大学英语四级考试写作模板攻略之写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即：

时间(When)——何时发生，有没有具体时间?地点(Where)——何地发生，有没有地点变化?人物(Who)——何人参与，谁是主角?事件(What)——发生了什么，有何特点?原因(Why)——事件的起因?结果(How)——事件的经过及结局?一般说来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。

When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在这个时候，“我”去散步。

Where：到哪儿散步?去公园?在校园里?在街上(街上空气不好，还是不去!)。

Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。

What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。

Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。

当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。

有关大学英语四级考试写作模板攻略_如何写记叙文，就为大家介绍到这里了，希望能为考生朋友们带来帮助。大学英语四级作文类型有很多，有可能是记叙文，也有可能是说明文，因此，考生们在课下一定要多加练习，这样才能在考试中获得高分。更多学习资料请见美联英语学习网。

第二篇：大学英语四级考试-写作篇

大学英语四级考试——写作篇

（一）2004年初教育部高教司组织制定并在全国部分高校开始试点《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》，《教学要求》规定，大学英语课程的教学目标是：培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。在《大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》中，写作能力测试部分（Writing）比例为15%，其中题材包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。

 命题趋势

从题型上看，2000年之前，四级作文主要考议论文，从2000年起作文命题指导思想开始变化，开始考更能体现考生实力的记叙文、描写文以及书信演讲类应用文。自2000年1月至2006年6月十三次考试中除2006年1月“Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?”2003年1月“It Pays to Be Honest”及2000年6月“Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”外，其他九次皆为 说明文、记叙描写文或应用文。最后这两类文章是考查考生英语表达基本功的最佳方式，因此近年来成为出现频率最高的题型。

从题材上看，四级考试作文命题贴近大学生的学习和课余生活，反映社会变化、发展和进步。在平常的训练中，论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题，如学习生活、社会工作、兼职打工等；应用文重点在咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函以及开幕词等致辞的写法。

 题材类型

四级考试作文出题形式包含有图表类以及非图表类两大形式，其中非图表类有：

（1）观点论述题——提出明确个人观点，并对已经提出的观点提供充分、符合逻辑的论据。常用句型表达有：

In my opinion„„I ' m of the opinion that„„I think„„I argue for(against)„„I have three main reasons for my opinion„„

（2）不同物比较题——将两物进行比较（compare）或对照(contrast),比较两物/两观点的相同点，对照两个方面的相异点。常用表达有：

Similarly„„on the contrary„„in contrast„„contrary to„„prefer A to B„„

Compare with A„„B has the following advantages„„I like A more for the following reasons„„

（3）不同观点比较题 ——常用表达有：

Different people have different opinions„„some people insist that„，while others maintain„„

（4）信件

2002年6月的四级作文考了图表题。进行此类作文时，考生切忌堆砌数据，而应对图表进行准确地概括和描述后用更多的篇幅来揭示图表的含义或分析其现象的原因。

 写作要求

《大学英语教学要求》规定，四级写作的要求为：“能完成一般性写作任务；能描述个人经理、观感、情感和发生的事件等；能写常见的应用文；能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出120个词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯；能掌握基本的写作技能。”英语四六级作文有四个基本考点：

1、切题-----所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目

要求，并在内容上没有偏差。

2、表达清楚、条理清晰------考查学生掌握文章结构，明确文章主题观点，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。

3、文字通顺，连贯性较好----考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。

4、基本无语言错误----考查学生对言基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两部分。

考生在写作中，应当做到：注重语法、评写以及标点的正确使用，用词恰当；遵循文章的特定文体格式，使体裁符合试题要求；合理组织文章结构，以实现内容的统一和连贯；根据写作目的和特定读者，选择恰当的语言。

 出题热点

综观写作题材的选择，我们可以发现，出题热点还是比较集中。以下是常见文章题材内容：

1、方便------发明，计算机，网络，快餐，新科技

Key words: convenience;convenient;bring us much convenience2、效率-------相对时间内量最大

Key words: efficient;efficiency;save/waste time3、节省和浪费-----针对大学生生活习惯

Key words: diligent;economical;thrifty;save space;metro/subway/tube;

costly;time-consuming;lavish;

selfish;selfishness;conservative;isolated;improve;enrich4、心理精神健康------体育运动，生活习惯，室内/室外运动

Key words: independence;dependant；cooperation;team spirit;compete;

creation;creative;tolerance;tolerant;

physical;psychological;mental;healthy;mentally unhealthy;

sociable;popular;party animal5、娱乐-----新发明

Key words:recreation;entertainment;relaxation;

amusement park;leisure time;kill the time;

pleasure, autonomous, tired6、环境

Key words:environment;pollution;poisonous;contaminated;separated wastes;recycle7、身体健康

Key words: disease;energetic;dynamic8、风险

Key words:risk;hazard;danger;threaten9、经验-----------谚语，抽象话题

Key words:social;sophisticated;skillful10、人道、正义、公平

Key words:humane;fair;justice;fair;help;love

大学英语四级考试——写作篇

（二）命题作文按照要求，体裁基本可以分为观点论证、利弊选择、现象解释、途径点评以及应用文写作这五类。各类体裁按照评分标准，各有其写作技巧，考生在平时的训练过程中应多注意培养针对不同体裁文章的写作技巧和思路。

1． 观点论证型

观点论证型作文要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场和观点，通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理，发表意见，确立或否定某一主张。

审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应确立论证的主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。写作步骤





 表明观点，提出论点； 论证观点，以事实和数据为依据例证论点； 得出结论或表明个人看法和做法。

基本模式

 第一部分：总结描述，用一两句话概括、描述当今社会存在的某种观点，并做

 简单的扩展——主题句+扩展句 第二部分：列出论据，说明观点成立的理由——主题句+举例 第三部分：表明自己的观点并结束全文。结尾部分一定要总结自己的观点。类型范例

Nowadays, „„is a common thing / has become more and more popular.For example, „„.There are different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that„„ / some people have the idea that „„;while other people view differently, they contend that„„.And some others„„.In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / From my point of view, I prefer„„.Personally speaking, I would rather„„.As long as / With the development of„„, we’ll certainly that„„ in the end.2． 利弊选择型

利弊选择型作文要求考生能对一个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析，进一步作出选择，推导出自己认为合理的解决该问题的模式。

审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应该确立协作主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。写作步骤

 主题：分析问题事实存在是否有讨论的必要性





 开头段：点明主题，指出争论焦点 中心段1：阐述提纲中列举的一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明 结构：主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 中心段2：阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明

结构：主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3

 结论段：表明自己的观点，结束全文

类型范例

These days we often hear that„„.It is common that„„.People hold different views about„„.Some people believe / have the idea that „„.They say that„„.They point out that„„.For example„„.But on the contrary, other people disagree with them.They firmly believe that„„.They argue that„„.In my own opinion, the former / latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, „„.For another, „„.Last but not the least, „„.3． 现象解释型

现象解释型作文要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，要求考生根据自己的思考说明该现象所反映的社会问题，并且解释该现象存在或发生的原因。

表述类型现象解释型作文有两种表述类型，其中包括文字描述型和图表说明型。考生拿到作文题，应就给出信息确立写作主题、结构以及材料的选择和组织。

写作步骤1 文字描述型可以将文章分为三段，指出现象；解释原因；分析优劣褒贬，最后明确主旨，并且给出建议。

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 第一部分：描述现象，引起话题； 第二部分：对现象进行细致分析，结实现象发生或变化的原因； 第三部分：针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法以及如何在日常

生活中有效发挥该现象的优势或避免不利的方面。

解释、描述句型

（1）Everybody knows that„

（2）It is true that„

（3）

（4）

（5）

（6）One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is„ The chief reason is that„ To take„for an example„ Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned„

（7）There are several causes for this significant growth in„：First„Secondly„

Finally„

（8）Different people observes it in different ways.写作步骤2 图表说明型是现象解释性作文的变体。在此类作文中，题目提供的主题信息由图表来呈现，表现某一现象的细节、变化或发展趋势，要求考生对所给信息进行分析，然后描述，说明现象存在和变化的原因，预测发展趋势，并且在此过程中阐述个人看法。

 第一部分：描述图表中数据的主要趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表 内容所呈现的主要特征； 第二部分：对现象和变化进行细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；

 第三部分：针对现象和变化做出结论。

图表、描述句型

（1）It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.（2）There is an increase of 20% in total this year.（3）The table shows that it is decreased twice than that of the year 1996.（4）Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.（5）The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.（6）It has decreased almost two and half times, compare with„

类型范例

From the chart / graph / table / figure, we can clearly see that„„.Obviously that„„.In

my mind, there are three reasons can explain this phenomenon.To begin with / The main reason is„„.What is more / In addition that„„.Thirdly / Lastly / Apart from that„„.As a result / In short„„.Considering all these„„.For one thing„„.For another„„.In conclusion / In brief / To sum up„„.4． 途径点评型

途径方法型作文通过给出提示性文字或图表提出（或反映）社会生活中存在的某一现实问题，要求考生指出问题的危害性或解决该问题的紧迫性。然后对问题进行分析，提出解决方案或应对措施，最后表明考生自己的态度和做法。

审题思路了解途径方法类作文的特征，按照下列思路进行写作：首先概述现状，提出问题；其次分析和解决问题；最后总结全文或提出建议。

写作步骤

 明确所要讨论的主题



 开头段：阐述为什么要讨论该主题，其重要性以及作用 中心段1：分析主题讨论问题的原因

 中心段2：讨论解决问题所必须的条件或具备的因素

 结论段：得出结论，重申问题的重要性

或者从各个方面提出解决该问题的建议和方法

类型范例

With the improvement of„„, there are„„.For example, „„.So it is high time„„.The reasons are: First / At first / To begin with„„.Secondly / The second / In addition / Furthermore / Besides, „„.Lastly / Finally / Last but not least„„.But how to„„？In my opinion, I think / as far as I am concerned„„.On the one hand„„.On the other hand„„.Therefore, I believe„„.

第三篇：大学英语四级考试短文写作

大学英语四级考试短文写作

四项基本技能：听、说、读、写

传统上：听和说、读和写

现在的新视角：听和读（input）、说和写(output)

一． 四级英语评分标准

120个词：（10句话）：每一段写3－4句话，写3个自然段

出题方式：命题作文、看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（中文或英文）写出文章概要或大意，给出关键词作文等。

二． 四级作文题型

（一）正反阐释题

2000年6月

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。。

2.也有人持不同意见。。

3.我的看法和打算

99年6月； 98年6月 97年6月； 96年6月；95年1月；05年12月； 06年12月

（二）阐释原因、描述危害题

00年1月；99年1月；97年12月；01年1月

（三）永恒话题

97年1月

（四）写一封信

01年6月；02年1月；03年6月（见证书）；04年1月；04年6月；05年1月；

05年6月

三． 四级作文评分原则

CET作文采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。

1． 第一段要推敲

第二段看有没有主题句，第一句就写主题句

第三段总结

看作文就是看两点：第一看组织结构，第二看语言表达

2．检查五个方面的语言错误：

1）检查三个一致问题：主谓一致，时态一致，单复数一致

4）检查拼写错误

3．格式有2种：

（1）每一段缩进去4个字母，每一段之间不空行（传统格式）

（2）每一段顶格写，每一段之间空一行（流行格式）

4．评分标准：

11分――切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

14分――切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本无语言错误，仅有个

别小错。

字数不足酌情扣分。

注：只写一段者：0－4分；只写两段者：0－9分（按规定三段的作文）提供三点提

纲的作文

建议：无论提纲是几点，都要写到三段或四段

经原国家教委批准，四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩，其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定，考生作文若为0分，无论其总分是否高于60分，均作不及格处理；若其作文分高于0分，低于6分，报成绩时，需从总分中减去6分，再加上实得作文分。也就是说，要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。

四． 四级英语作文范文

1． Should Firecrackers Be Banned?

2． Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?

五． 主题句练习

1.确定以下主题句是否恰当。

Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out.The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely.The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball.The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular university’s entrance requirements.Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response.You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there.You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university.Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.refreshing swim.Then I walk along the beach and collect shells.Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles.Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.those students can get to class on the bus.Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation.Some students like to ride to class on bicycles.This is good exercise.Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can on a crowded university campus.Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2.写出相应的主题句。

1．______________________________________________________________________.The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences.The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers.There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book.The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.2.________________________________________________________________________.First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule.Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget.Finally, the food is usually consistent.For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased.Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3.选出不支撑主题句的例子。

1）Ways to get rid of hiccups

A.breathe into a paper bag

B.hold your breath to the count of 10

C.have someone frighten you

D.make an appointment with your doctor

2)Steps for planning a trip

A.purchasing a map

B.working late

C.making an itinerary

D.reserving a ticket

3)Reasons for car accidents

A.fast driving

B.drinking and driving

C.not following traffic regulations

D.giving signals

4)Advantages off small apartments

A.good school facilities

B.easy to clean

C.cheaper to furnish

D.relatively inexpensive

5)Characteristics of a good restaurant

A.efficient waiters

B.tasty food

C.jacket and tie required

D.pleasant atmosphere

第四篇：大学英语四级考试写作指南

大学英语四级考试写作指南:现象阐释型

本文作者： 赵子凌

这类写作类型是以当下比较流行的社会现象为话题展开的写作。一般题目即为现象，要求考生对现象进行较为详尽的阐释，包括分析该现象产生的原因或可能带来的后果，并要求考生谈谈自己对于该现象的看法或建议。

基本解题思路：描述现象，分析原因，自己对这个现象的看法。但有时提纲结构会稍加变化，第二部分要求分析后果而不是原因，写作时以具体提纲为准。

以2007年12月四级写作真题为例：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.各大学开设了多种多样的选修课

2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3.以你自己为例„„

审题

根据题目中所给的中英文提示，可知话题是大学生非常熟悉的“选修课的选择”。因此考生在写的时候可以结合自己的实际情况进行分析，这样易于下手。中文提纲中的三个句子分别对应article的三个段落，可以作为各段落的主题句。

扩展提纲

1.开门见山地指出“各个大学开设了多种多样的选修课”这一现象。

2.阐述不同学生选择选修课的不同原因，如有的同学是出于兴趣，有的是为以后求职做准备。3.谈谈自己选择选修课时的考虑并解释。

范文

Nowadays, colleges offer a wide range of elective courses for undergraduates.Students from different departments may sit in the same classroom and study a subject that may have nothing to do with their majors.There is no doubt that elective courses are welcomed by students, but the reasons for each student to make his/her own choice differ.Some students choose a course merely out of their personal interest in a certain field, while others may take the utility of the course into consideration and expect to put what they have learnt into practice after graduation.Some students are inclined to choose courses they are familiar with in order to get a good score in the exam, while others do not care about the exam and choose a course in a little known field.Personally, I’d like to learn from elective courses some knowledge useful for my future job.Elective courses can provide a chance to learn about other professions and give me broader usability.If I can prove my training in business but also have courses in science, I may just win a job over those who strictly majored in business with no other interests.(195 words)老师评：这篇文章感觉只是一篇中规守距的短文，主要问题是没有按四六级作文三段结构来写，表达不够多样性。选修课在英文中可以表达为：electives, elective courses, optional, optional courses;专业可以用majors, departments, programs;

练习题

2011年6月四级写作真题 Online Shopping 1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3.我的建议

四级作文高分秘诀

一.写得对

首先要保证审题正确，以免跑题。提纲式作文是四级作文中很常见的一种题型，建议考生在读题过程中将提纲中的关键词划出来，从而明确方向。

二.写得多

写作文最怕的是言之无物，干瘪无味。考生常见的问题是观点确定后无法展开论证。针对这个问题，建议考生在平时广泛地阅读报刊杂志，有效扩充自己的文化背景知识，有意识地积累名人轶事等素材。这与死记硬背范文有明显区别。

三.写出彩

要想四级作文出彩。一个小窍门就是注意所用语言的多样性。因为四级作文的篇幅不长，所以尽量不要让同一个单词反复出现。为了避免单词的重复使用，我们可以使用近义词或者同义的短语。如“主要的原因”：main reasons。Main可以替换为primary, essential, crucial，indispensable，fundamental。丰富多变的用词是article的最大亮点。

在句式方面，要避免单一的简单句型，可以适当加入倒装句、强调句、插入语等句式，做到句式多样化，为article加分。

作文评分知多少？

四级作文满分15分，阅卷老师从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评判，就总的印象给出奖励分：按五个标准给分，一般不会低于2分，但其他分，如3、4、6、7、15分也是会有的。报道分和翻译合并在一起，计算机自动加权处理为总分710分的20%（142分），但我看到的最好成绩是130多分。标准如下：

2分 — 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或有多处严重错误。5分 — 基本切题。思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

8分 — 基本切题。部分思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误颇多，包括一些严重错误。11分 — 切题。思想清楚，文字连贯，有少量语言错误。

14分 — 切题。思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，语言仅有个别小错。

(注：“严重语言错误”包括句子结构错误、时态语态错误和用词错误，严重影响作者意思的表达。)

一般来说，离要求词数每少10个扣一分（按一行算）。总词数超过要求一般不会扣分，但这并不意味着词数越多越好，建议控制在150-180词左右。明显笔误不扣分。

第五篇：大学英语四级写作

大学英语四级写作

议论文

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握三性和三要素。三性指准确性、鲜明性和生动性。三要素指论点、论据和论证。

论点的基本要求：观点正确，概括全面，见解新颖，有实际意义，要恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。

论据的基本要求，真实可靠、充分典型。

论证的基本要求：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，论证要符合正确的推理形式。简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：

1、观点鲜明的开头；

2、紧扣主题的结尾；

3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。

这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。

另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。

常用的关联词分为四类：

1、列举类

列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。

列举类关联词有：

first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类

举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：

for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比

比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：

but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类

as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类

总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有： in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.范文1：

Career or Family: which is more important?

When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life.In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on.Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted.What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on.Most of the people earn their income from a job.On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit.Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life.In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family.Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other.Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.作文中可用的谚语或句子：

As a saying goes:俗话说

1、A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

2、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。

3、A good idler ,an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徙伤悲。

4、Do as the Romans do.入乡随便俗。

5、Each coin has two sides.有利必有弊。

6、Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

7、It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。

8、Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。

9、No cross, no crown.不见风雨，怎见彩虹。

10、Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

11、Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成12、Time flies.....时光飞逝。。

13、Look before you leap.(三思而后行。)

14、“No pains, no gains”.（没有付出就没有收获）

15、As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”.On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health.On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health.So we should look at the matter from two sides.一．The main types of guided writing:

1.提纲式作文：

Directions:

Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society

2.Prejudices and discrimination against women

3.My comment

You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker one, both physically and emotionally.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:

1.Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence.2.Ways of developing a paragraph:

1)Comparison and contrast(对比法)

2)Cause and effect(因果法)

3)Exemplification(举例法)

4)Generalization and qualification(概述法)

5)Argument(议论法)

三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---关于利弊、优缺点的句型：

have the advantage of „..(有„.方面的长处)

benefit sb/sth.(对„有好处)

benefit from sth.(由于„.而受益)

do(a lot of)good to sb.(对„.有许多好处)

be good for sb./sth.(对„.有益)

do damage to sth./damage sth.(对„.造成损害)

be as(not so)good/great as „„

not so much „ as „(与其说„,不如说„)

---说明原因的句型：

1.There are some manygood reasons for„ to do sth

Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2.We have two good reasons for „

3.The reasons for „ is that + 从句

--表示不同看法的句型：

1.Different peoplehave hold different opinionviewon

this questionproblem

Some believe that „Others argue that „Still others maintain that „译：人们对国际文化交流的看法各不相同。有些人认为，国际文化交流能促进各国人民之间的友谊和了解。另一些人则争辩说，中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国，并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然不同。因此，他们反对国际文化交流。我认为，第2种看法是片面的。现在国际文化交流是非常重要的。各国人民应该互相了解、互相学习以便增进友谊。

People differ in their opinions on the international cultural exchange.Some believe that international cultural exchange contributes to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world.Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own

traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries.Therefore, they are opposed to the international cultural exchange.In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.The international cultural exchange is of great importance now.People of all countries should understand each other and learn from each other to enhance the friendship among them.1.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.2.Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.---表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型：

1.It is important(necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable)for sb.To do sth.2.have trouble difficulty(in)doing sth.(有困难做某事)

have trouble with sth.(对„有困难，不好对付)

---关于因果关系的句型：

1.The reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.because as since causesresult in thereforeas a resultbecause of---辩论中常用的句型：

1.There is no doubt that „毫无疑问 2.It is obvious/clear that 明显„

3.As is known all众所周知4.(It’s)no wonder„(难怪)

5.It goes without saying that „(不成问题，很自然)

6.What is more important更重要的是7.I am convinced that我坚信