水土保持专业英语

第一篇：水土保持专业英语

W2 Greenhouse gases and global warming

Key note

Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere

Carbon dioxide(CO2)is the main vehicle of carbon flux between atmosphere, oceans and biota.Fossil fuels(coal,oil and natural gas)present in the atmosphere lay dormant until recent centuries.The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million(ppm)in 1750 to about 350 ppm in 1990 and is still rising , with the main reason for the increase being the combustion of fossil fuels.Estimates of future CO2 emissions, and the combustion to be expected in the atmosphere vary, but it appears likely that the concentration will rise to a mean about 500 ppm by the year 2050.The greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect is a theory which proposes that pollution by common anthropogenic(i.e.created by humans)pollutants such as CO2 and methane may lead to an increased global temperature.Over the last century , CO2 concentrations have risen and global air temperatures have increased by 0.4-0.7℃,which supports this theory.The atmosphere formed around the earth insulates the planet from full effects of heats loss by trapping heat in the atmosphere using greenhouse gases ,which include water vapor as well as CO2 and other anthropogenic pollutants.Doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration from its present level is predicted to lead to a further warming of around 3.5℃.Related topics

Solar radiation and climate(C1)

Ozone depletion(W3)

Air, water and soil pollutants(W1)Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere

Photosynthesis and respiration are the two opposing processes driving the global carbon cycle.It is predominantly a gaseous cycle, with CO2 as the main vehicle of flux between atmosphere , oceans and biota.Historically, the lithosphere played only a minor role;fossil fuels(coal,oil and natural gas)lay dormant until recent centuries.The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased from about 280(ppm)in 1750 to about 350 ppm in 1990 and is still rising.Since 1958 the atmosphere CO2 concentration has risen from 315 ppm to 350 ppm in 1990(Fig.1).The principal cause of the increase in atmospheric CO2 in recent years has been the combustion of fossil fuels, which in 1990 released about 5.5×109 tons of carbon into the atmosphere.The exploitation of rain forest has also caused a significant release of CO2.The burning that follows most forest clearance quickly converts some of the vegetation to CO2, while decomposition of the remaining vegetation releases CO2 over a longer period.If forests have been cleared to provide for permanent agriculture, the carbon content of the soil is reduced through decomposition of soil organic matter and/or by erosion.In total it is estimated that about 1.0×109 tons year-1 of carbon released through changes in tropic land use.The total amount of carbon released each year to the atmosphere as a result of man's activities around 6.5×109 tons compared with 100×109 tons released into the atmosphere naturally by respiration of the world's biota.The observed increase in atmospheric CO2 is 2.9×109 tons year-1.Much of the remainder of the additional CO2 is removed by dissolution in the oceans.It is possible that terrestrial communities act as a net sink for atmosphere CO2 , and terrestrial ecosystem may be able to assimilate the extra carbon as biomass;It is already known that increasing the atmospheric concentration of in controlled environments increase the rate photosynthesis and growth of many plants species.Estimates of future CO2 emissions and the concentration to be expected in the atmosphere vary, but it appears likely that the concentration will rise to a mean of about 550 ppm by the year 2050.The greenhouse effect Ten out of the 16 years between 1980 and 1995 were among the hottest on record;Accurate records have been kept since 1881.Global climate change resulting from human activity is one of the most contentious topics in ecology.The major source of generated power comes from the burning of fossil fuels.Fossil fuels are organic in nature and when they are burned, CO2 is released into the atmosphere.The fear is that pollution by common anthropogenic(created by humans)pollutants, such as CO2 and methane, may lead to increased global temperature.Accurate measurements of CO2 concentrations in air have been recorded for the last 116 years, and during this time period increases in CO2 levels have been recorded along with an 0.4-0.7℃ rise in global temperature.This close correlation supports the argument that industrial emissions,in particular gases released by the burning of fossil fuels,will lead to further climate change over the next century.On the basis of the distance of the earth from the sun, global temperatures should be 33℃ lower than they are, with an average temperature of-18℃.However, from the time of planetary fusion, the earth has been radiating heat.Atmosphere formed around the earth insulates the planet from the full effects of heat loss.This atmosphere allows much of the incoming radiation to strike the earth.A large proportion of this light energy is transferred into heat energy, and the heat energy held by the earth during the day is irradiated back at night.Much of the energy transformed to heat is trapped by atmospheric gases, particularly water vapor, CO2 methane and nitrous oxides.The warming of the earth attributable to atmospheric gases is termed the greenhouse effect.The natural thermal insulation of the greenhouse gases raises the average global temperature from-18 ℃ to 15℃.The greenhouse effect is thought to be increased as concentrations of carbon dioxide increase.Doubling of the atmosphere CO2 concentration from its present level is predicted to lead to a further warming of around 3.5℃.The effects of this would be profound, as polar ice would melt and the oceans would expand with heat, raising sea levels and resulting in large-scale changes to the global climate.In addition, global may cause organism to migrate in order to seek optimal temperatures(organism tracking), or to adapt to the changed conditions or face extinction.This movement of organism may include tropical diseases, which may as a result of the climate change move from tropical to temperate climates(e.g.Malaria).

第二篇：专业英语

我国经济和科学技术正在高速发展，随着我国机械行业实力的不断提升，中国正在加速产品与设备的更新与改造，我国与其他国家在各技术领域也正在实现进一步的合作，许多企业引进了很多进口设备，大量资料是英文原版的。因此，学生将来在工作岗位上能否读懂这些资料就是摆在面前的一个严峻的问题，特别是在生产实际中碰到现场实际问题的时候，很可能需要查阅原版英文资料或与相关专家用英语交流专业技术来谋取解决途径，所以机械工程专业英语的掌握就变得越来越重要。

一、学习机械专业英语面临的主要问题

1.缺乏足够的重视，认为没必要

许多学生对专业英语重视不够，认为自己以后在工作岗位上一般用不上，学起来又不容易，不想花功夫去学习和加强专业英语方面的能力，即便有专业英语课程也是抱着及格万岁的思想，敷衍了事。其实，随着社会的发展，各种工作岗位对人才的要求越来越高，即使作为一名操作工，也有很大可能要面对纯英文的说明书、加工图纸等专业文献，更无须说将来担任管理和领导岗位对专业英语的需求了。

2专业基础知识不扎实

专业基础不扎实、专业知识的缺乏是专业英语学习和翻译的一大障碍。只有既懂外语又懂专业的人才能适应全面的对外开放，4.无法适应专业英语本身的特点

专业英语一般内容较为枯燥，阐述的是原理概念，结构严谨，不注重文字修饰，重在客观事实；专业词汇多，逻辑性强，理论推导多，有独特的文体形式和表达方式。在学习开始阶段，我感觉很难适应。

二、大学生学好机械专业英语的方法

1.把握专业知识

必须将机械专业知识与英语知识相结合。缺乏专业知识，翻译专业文献就没有了根基，成了无本之末。也许自己在学习过程中就会对翻译出来的东西拿捏不稳，或者自己都不明白，更不能保证对错了。所以，学生必须加强开设本课程前的相关专业知识的学习，为本课程的学习扫清这方面的阻碍，减轻负担。也有学生反映，专业英语学完以后，英语和专业两方面都有所巩固和加强，所以学生要做的仍旧是树立信心，保持良好积极的心态。

2.积累专业词汇和专业术语

在专业英语的学习过程中，学生既要巩固基础词汇，也要学习专业词汇，更要注重基础词汇的习惯用法、含义和在专业英语中的特殊用法、含义，同时，学生还需要在识记专业词汇的同时，掌握一定量的词根、词缀［7］。提高专业英语资料的阅读能力必须扩大词汇量，掌握一定量的专业词汇。如果词汇量掌握得不够，阅读时就会感到生词多，障碍大，不但影响阅读的速度，而且影响理解的程度，从而不能进行有效的阅读，还容易使人产生挫败感。而学生要想扩大词汇量，就必须在阅读的同时进行识记，并扩大阅读范围。

3培养浓厚兴趣

培养对英语的兴趣至关重要。“兴趣是最好的老师”，兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的，需要培养。必须要用正确的态度对待英语学习，用科学的方法指导学习。多让自己去尝试，通过努力让自己体会成功的愉悦。

三、结语

用英语进行专业交流是学习机械工程专业英语的最终目的。由于翻译过程是个创造性的、从生疏到熟练的过程，只有具备刻苦的精神、严肃认真的学习态度和一定的英语水平、专业水平和汉语表达水平，才能充分理解原专业文献的含义，把握原文的想要表述的实质内容，运用种种表达手段和翻译技巧，用准确流畅的符合汉语言习惯的语言生动地再现原文。所以，为把自己培养成为复合型、有发展后劲的高技能人才，大学生必须把握机械工程专业知识，培养专业英语的学习兴趣，积累专业英语学习方法和基础知识，加强英文原始专业文献的阅读，扩大知识面，迅速而切实地提高自己的专业英语的应用能力，为将来更好地适应高素质工作岗位和进一步发展的需要打下良好的基础。

第三篇：专业英语

http://zaixianfanyi.com/google.php#hj

194页：了解什么归入类别嵌入计算，它足以说明什么不是嵌入式设备的要求。嵌入的设备的寿命非常不同于通用机器的3 年的逐渐过时循环。有些设备是几乎一次性的：平均日本celluar电话在少于一年被替换。在oppsite极端，基础建设的设备例如电话交换机在30年的日程表贬值。这些寿命差异产生具体的影响，可升级性和向后兼容性。少量嵌入设备有升级要求。例如，积极汽车热衷者更改自己的车里的芯片，但是这些通常是只读光盘，不是处理器。大多数消费者项将被替换，不会升级。

Backward compatibility is seldom an embedded requirement,as software does not migrate from one device to another.An interesting exception is game consoles:to maintain compatibility,later console chips must be capable of being exactly as fast as the early versions despite changes in underlying process technology.In consoles,backward compatible is often implemented by putting a complete copy of the previous-generation console in one small corner of the next-generation die.Bacause many embedded designs need not be backward compatible with previous implementations,designers are free to switch designs with each product generation.Consequently,there is less emphasis on the distinction between architecture and implementation.If a new version of a chip is slightly incompatible but much better than its predecessors,designers may still be willing to use it.因为软件并不从一个设备迁移到另一个，向后兼容性很少是嵌入式的要求，一个有趣的例外是游戏控制台：要维护兼容性，尽管最新控制台芯片在基础工艺技术上有所改变，但是它一定是可胜任的是象早版本一样快速地确切。往往通过将上一代控制台的完整副本放在一个小角落里的下一代模向后兼容。因为许多嵌入式的设计需要，不能与以前实现向后的兼容，设计师可以自由切换的每一代产品的设计。因此，有少强调体系结构与实施之间的区别。如果稍有不兼容，但比其前任的芯片的新版本，设计师仍可能愿意使用它。

第四篇：专业英语

土木工程翻译实例----现场质量控制样件概述 On-site Quality Control Samples

The Specialist contractor shall erect the first area of each type of the Works and offer these to the Project Manager as on-site quality control samples.The standard of workmanship for the Works shall be to an agreed standard established by the construction of the On-site Quality Control Samples.The Project Manager shall review and comment on the On-site Quality Control Samples.Should the specialist contractor wish to continue with installation of any of the Works before the Project Manager has reviewed and commented on the On-site Quality Control Samples, he shall do so at his own risk.The Project Manager may require parts of the sample to be dismantled to allow inspection of concealed details.Upon acceptance, the on-site control samples shall remain as part of the installed permanent Works.The Project Manager shall reject workmanship that falls below the accepted standard and shall require the specialist contractor to remove it and re-install it to the acceptable standard.现场质量控制样件

专业分包商应首先安装每种类型工程的第一个区域并将它作为现场质量控制样件提供给项目经理。把已通过审批的现场质量控制样件的施工标准作为工程的工艺标准。项目经理应对现场质量控制样件进行审查和评论。如果分包商想在以上步骤完成之前继续进行任何工程的安装，一切风险将由其自行承担。项目经理可以要求部分地拆除样件以检查隐蔽工程的详细节点。工程验收之后，现场质量控制样件仍然应作为永久工程的一部分。项目经理可以拒绝没有达到验收标准的工艺并要求专业承包商将其去除同时按照验收标准重新安装。

我的土木工程翻译----材料来源及其证书(摘于合同文件)

Compliance with Standards

Unless otherwise described, all materials shall conform to the appropriate current European or British Standard Specifications.The Specialist contractor shall provide the Project

Manager, on request, with guarantees, or certificates of conformity, from the prime material manufacturers and suppliers proving that the materials to be used do in fact conform to such specifications.These guarantees or certificates shall also confirm that the materials are suitable and appropriate for their intended use within the Works and will satisfy this Contract Document.遵从规范

除非有特别的说明，所有的材料均应符合相应的现行欧洲或英国规范。专业承包商应该按照要求把从原材料厂家和供应商那里获得的保证书或认证书递交项目经理用以证明即将使用的材料着实符合这类规范。这些保证书或认证书也应该确认这些材料在工程中的用途适当且合理，同时符合合同文件。

Sources of Materials

In accordance with the schedule of submissions, the Specialist contractor shall provide for the Project Manager’s review a list of the proposed materials and their sources.He shall also provide documents from the sources as evidence of their ability to carry out the tasks

expected of them, and written confirmation that the materials they are supplying are suitable and appropriate for their intended use and will satisfy this Contract Document.The Specialist contractor shall obtain the total quantity of each material from the same manufacturer.The Specialist contractor shall obtain materials from established and reputable

manufacturers, particularly those who are prepared to assist him with the design process, through to the fabrication and final installation on site.材料的来源 根据递交计划表，专业承包商应把含有提议使用材料的名称及其来源信息的列表递交项目经理审阅。专业承包商还应提供从材料供应商那里获得的相关文件以证明他们有能力完成其任务,以及书面确认用以证明这些材料在工程中的用途适当且合理，同时符合合同文件。

专业承包商应获得每种材料从同一个生产商购买的总数量。

专业承包商使用的材料应向知名的生产商购买。特别是他们完全能够从设计、装配到现场安装整个过程中给与承包商支持。

土木工程翻译----白令海峡大桥的简介摘录

第一次知道白令海峡大桥是在上大学的时候桥梁课老师梁力给我们播放了《Discovery》中一集专门介绍它的视频，我被它的壮观，雄伟所震撼，今天突然想到了这座“坚强”撼世之桥，特意把它的资料找了出来，并把其中一小段翻译出来和大家一起分享。

Bering Strait bridge

白令海峡大桥的简介摘录

Technical challenges技术挑战

The route would lie just south of the Arctic Circle, subject to long, dark winters and extreme weather(average winter lows 20°C with possible lows approaching 50°C).Maintenance of any exposed roadway would be difficult and closures frequent.Even maintenance of enclosed roadways and pipelines could also be affected by winter weather.Ice breakup after each winter is violent and would destroy normal bridge piers.Specially shaped massive piers along the ocean floor would be needed to keep the bridge stable.The Confederation Bridge between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick addresses similar concerns on a much smaller scale.桥的路线正好位于北极圈的南端,它受到了漫长黑暗的冬季和极限天气的影响(冬天的平均温度低至20°C而且最低的温度甚至可能达到50°C)。任何暴露在外的路面部分的维护工作都是很困难进行的，所以不得不频繁地将其关闭。即使是关闭的路面和管线的维护也将受到冬季气候的影响。在冬天过后冰的消融也会是危险强烈的并且会对普通的桥墩造成毁灭性的破坏。这就需要沿着海床布置具有特殊形状的大桥墩以保证桥的稳定性。位于爱德华王子岛和新布朗斯威克之间的联邦大桥就面临着类似的问题，只不过它受影响的范围要小得多。

The United States and Canada use the British and now world standard gauge(4 feet, 8.5 inches wide)rails, while Russia uses Russian broad gauge(5 feet wide)tracks, a

break-of-gauge, and this would have to be addressed.A dual-gauge track network has been proposed, as those are used in some areas of Australia, whose rail network is split into different gauges.A cheaper solution is variable gauge axles or bogie exchange, as used at several places in the world already.美国和加拿大的铁路采用英国的也是现在的世界标准轨距（4英尺，8.5英寸宽），而俄罗斯的铁路采用俄罗斯宽轨距（5英尺宽），需要说明的是这样就形成了具有不同轨距的铁路。一个具有双轨距的铁路网方案被提了出来，这种方案正在澳大利亚某些地区使用，他们的铁路网就为存在不同的轨距。一个造价更低的解决方案就是使用变轨距车轮或转向车，这种方案已经在世界多个地方使用了。

土木工程翻译---施工安全

1、水平安全绳之设置，应依下列规定办理：

a、采用￠8.3钢丝绳，两端各用三个U型卡扣紧固在建筑物或构筑物牢固位置。

b、相邻两支柱间的安全绳限系挂一条安全带。

c、每条安全绳可系挂安全带之条数标示于绳锚锭端。

2、垂直安全绳之设置，应依下列规定办理： a、安全绳之下端应有防止安全带锁扣自尾端脱落之设施。

b、一条安全绳限供一名工人使用。

c、劳工作业或爬升位置之水平间距在一米以下者，得二人共享一条安全绳。

d、所有垂直安全绳应垂伸至地面/已完成楼板。

e、完成检验的安全带或安全绳皆应贴上下表所示的当月合格颜色标签，以利大家轻易分辨已完成检验的合格安全带。

f、在吊篮内施工，安全带必须系挂在安全绳自锁器上，不得系挂在除安全绳以外的任何地方。

g、施工人员应配备工具箱，将所用小附件装箱存放，小工具必须拴绳使用，防止高空坠落伤及人、物。临边物

料的摆放不得随意放置，要距离楼板边缘至少1米以上的安全位置，防止风吹或人碰落楼下，伤及人、物。h、摆放如玻璃、箱体等大件物体时，必须有安全保护措施，如大尺寸规格的玻璃（2.4平方米以上的）要求对

称摆放在玻璃架子两侧，并用绳子捆绑牢固，成箱的玻璃尽量集中存放，玻璃箱倾斜垫牢，并用木板将各木箱相连接，以免倒塌。

i、现场设置急救箱，在高温季节给工人发放防暑降温物品。

我的译文：

1.The setup of horizontal safety rope should comply with the followingprovisions:

a.￠8.3 wire rope should be applied.Three U-shaped claspsshould be used one both

ends to tighten onto the stable places on the buildingor structure.b.Only one safety belt could be tied on the safety rope between two adjacentstrut rods.c.The number of safety belt allowed to be tied should be marked on the head ofthe

rope’s anchor.2.The setup of vertical safety rope should comply with the following provisions:

a.At lower end of the safety rope, there should be facilities to prevent the fastener of safety

belt from falling off from the caudal end.b.One safetyrope should only be used by on worker.c.When horizontal distance between the operation or climbing position of workers iswithin one meter, one safety rope should be shared by two workers.d.All the vertical safety rope should draw down to ground/completed floor.e.The followingstick in colors should be stuck onto safety belts or safety ropes after test todisplay test passing of current month.In this way, qualified safety belt aftertest would be easy to recognize.f.During operation in basket, safety belt must be tied onto the self-lock of the safetyrope;tying onto any places besides safety rope is prohibited.g.Builder should be equipped with tool box.Small accessories should be kept in the boxand fastened to rope when in use to prevent from being dropped from height andhitting people or objects.Material and supplies at the edge of construction area should not be placed at will;more than one meter’s distance from the edgeof the floor is considered safe location for placing;in this way, droppingcaused by wind or man and hitting people or objects could be avoided.h.when big objects such as glass or boxes are placed, safety protection measures must becarried out.For example, glass of big dimensions(above 2.4 square meters)should be placed onto the two sides of the glass shelf with symmetry, and boundand fastened with rope.Glass in boxes should be placed together at one placeas much as possible.Boxes of Glass should be well padded to prevent fromslant.Wood-blocks should be used to joint all boxes to prevent from collapse.i.First-aidbox should be placed at construction site.Workers should be given heat controlarticles in high temperature season.

第五篇：水土保持工作总结

水土保持工作总结

水土保持工作总结2007-12-07 14:35:02第1文秘网第1公文网水土保持工作总结水土保持工作总结(2)*县位于四川省*部，**市南部，属长江上游嘉陵江流域*江水系。全县辖50个乡（镇），幅员面积20**平方公里，耕地面积万亩，总人口104万，其中农业人口93万人。县域内呈“三山两槽”地形，降雨丰富且相对集中，暴雨频繁，水土流失严重，全县水土流失面积达平方公里，占总土地面积的47，年均土壤侵蚀总量万吨，土壤侵蚀模数4628吨/平方公里/年，是一个典型的强度水土流失县。近几年来，在上级部门的悉心指导和县委、政府的正确领导下，县水利局坚持一手抓水土流失治理，一手抓水土保持预防监督，双管齐下，取得了显著成效。主要成效

自实施“长江上游水土流失重点防治工程”以来，我局组织实施了**河、**河、**河等11条小流域的综合治理，共完成水土流失综合治理面积平方公里，完成工程量万立方米，总投工万个，完成投资万元，其中国家补助万元，地方匹配万元。组建了水保管理机构2个，从业人员10名；组建推广及技术服务机构15个，从业人员108名。

通过“长治”、“国债”、“农发”等水土保持重点项目的实施，我们总结出了以改造坡耕地、建设基本农田为重点，以营造水保林、栽植经果林为突破口，山、水、林、田、路统一规划，沟、凼、池、渠合理配套，“水保林戴帽、经果林缠腰、农耕措施铺毯”的综合治理模式，探索出了“土坎石梯、上窄下宽、分层夯实、水系配套”的适合丘陵地区特点的土坎修筑法；走出了一条“以重点工程为依托，以小流域治理为单元，坚持预防为主，防治结合，突出三大效益，建设生态农业”的水土保持发展之路。目前，治理区

水土流失程度大大减轻，生态环境得到了明显改善，昔日“山上剥了皮，田里沙压泥，河床平了堤，库塘被淤积”的现象不复存在，而今在小流域内出现了“层层梯田披绿装，果满枝头花飘香，粮食满仓鱼满塘，水碧山青好风光”的新农村景象。同时，土地利用结构和农村产业结构日趋合理，为农业的发展、农村经济的振兴夯实了基础，为周边地区起好了带头示范作用，产生了深远影响，人民群众的水保意识也大为增强。主要做法

1、加大领导力度，强化政府行为。我县高度重视水土保持工作，树立了“保护生态就是保护生产力，建设生态就是发展生产力”的战略指导思想，把加强水土保持作为全县农业和农村经济的重要支撑点和推动县域经济发展的基础工作，纳入了各级党政的重要议事日程。县上成立了由分管副县长任组长的水土保持工作领导小组，并在县乡机构改革中进一步健全和完善了水土保持领导机构和

办事机构，建立了向同级人大常委会汇报工作的制度。同时加强部门协作，搭建水保生态建设平台，形成了一套“水利水保搭台，政府导演，统一规划，各投其资，各尽其责，各记其功，合唱一台生态建设大戏”的工作思路。在工程施工期间，县委、人大、政府、政协主要领导和分管领导经常深入工地，督促检查，发现问题，及时解决。项目乡把工程指挥部移到工地，形成了党政一把手亲自抓、分管领导具体抓、其他领导协同抓、脱产干部一齐抓的良好工作运行机制，全县自上而下，做到了一级抓一级，一级对一级负责，保证了项目建设的各项工作落到实处。

2、加大宣传力度，强化水保意识。为使水土保持这项基本国策深入人心，全县各地充分利用大小会议、广播、电视、专栏、板报、简报、标语、宣传车等多种形式，广泛深入地开展了有关水土保持法律法规和“长治”工程的宣传活动，大力宣传治理水土流失的成效、水土保

持工作的重要意义。同时，对遵守水土保持法律法规的模范单位、个人和依靠水土保持致富的典型进行大张旗鼓的宣传。在宣传方法上，既面向社会，又重点针对容易引起水土流失的单位，做到一般宣传与重点宣传相结合、经常宣传与集中宣传相结合，引起了社会共鸣，唤醒了全社会对水土流失的忧患意识，增强了广大干群保护水土资源的紧迫感和搞好水土保持的使命感，使人们保持水土、保护环境意识成为全社会的自觉行为。对重点治理区，我们还举办各种治理技术培训班，组织水利、林业、农业等部门的专业技术人员对乡、村、社基层干部和骨干农户进行定期培训。去年全县累计出动水保宣传车14车次，直接听众达万人次，书写标语4000余幅，广播电视宣传58次，报刊宣传36篇，水土保持简报20期，举办各类培训班5次，落实宣传经费15万元。

3、加大投入力度，强化资金管理。在国家投入极为有限的情况下，我县千方

百计拓宽投资渠道，加大水保工程投入。立足县情，建立了“国家、集体、个人一起上”的投入机制，多渠道、多方面、多层次筹资。同时加强资金管理，制定了《**县水土保持项目资金使用及管理办法》，在工作中严格按照制度办事，做到了：一是坚持专项资金专款专用，实行专人、专账、专户管理。工程建设资金实行报帐制，减少了资金拨付的中间环节，保证水保资金足额用在水保

水土保持工作总结