考研英语形容词性从句(定语从句) 的翻译方法2.2

第一篇：考研英语形容词性从句(定语从句) 的翻译方法2.2

3.融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you。

楼下有人要见你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention。

在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。

我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere。

她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎

4.状译法

(1)译成表示“时间”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。

司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

(2)译成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。

他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

(3)译成表示“条件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。

人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

(4)译成表示“让步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。

(5)译成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter。

为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument。

为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。

(6)译成表示“结果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。

他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

(7译成表示“转折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。

她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。

第二篇：考研英语从句翻译方法

考研英语从句的翻译方法

主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 时间状语从句 条件状语从句

原因状语从句 让步状语从句 目的状语从句

 主语从句

一、关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分

它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词what, which, how, why, where, who, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever及从属连词that, whether, if.如：

What we now will describe is how the magnetic nature of iron oxide can uniquely be exploited as a separation process utilizing a magnetic filtration system.参考译文：现在我们所要介绍的是如何奇特地利用氧化铁的磁性而提出一种使用磁力过滤系统的分离法。

分析：其中关联词可译为：„所。

二、it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句

如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译“这”。如：

It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.参考译文：可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。

It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.分析：有时为了使译文成分完整，可以补充上泛指的主语（如人们„、大家„）。

参考译文：物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。

类似的结构还有：it is(universally)known that„大家都知道„it is believed that„人们都相信„

 表语从句

一、表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主句主语的表语的从句

它也是由that, what, why, how, when, where, whether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。如：

The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.参考译文：蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。

The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less friction.参考译文：滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。

二、几种常见句型

1.在that(this)is why„句型中，如果选择先译主句，后译从句，可以译成这就是为什么„，这就是为什么„的原因，这就是„的缘故等。如果选择先译从句，再译主句，一般可以译为„原因就在这里，„理由就在这里等。如：

That is why heat can melt ice, vaporize water and cause bodies to expand.参考译文：这就是为什么热能使冰融化，使水蒸发，使物体膨胀的原因。

That is why practice is the criterion of truth and why the standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge.分析：原句表语很长，所以此处采用了紧缩原则。

参考译文：所谓实践是真理的标准，所谓实践的标准，应该是认识论的首先的和基本的观点，理由就在这个地方。

2.在this(it)is because„句型中，一般先译主句，再译从句，译成是因为„，这是因为„的缘故，这是由于„的缘故。如：

This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.参考译文：这是由于直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动的缘故。

It is because a conductor carrying is surrounded by a magnetic field.参考译文：这就是因为载流导体周围有一磁场。

在this is what„句型中，如果先译主句，后译从句，通常译为这就是„的内容，这就是„的含意等。如果先译从句，后译主句，通常译为„就是这个道理，„就是这个意思等。如：

This is what we have discussed in this article.分析：如表语不长，则可译成这就是„的内容等。

参考译文：这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。

 宾语从句

宾语从句可以分为两种：一种是动词引导的宾语从句；另一种是介词引导的宾语从句。

一、动词引导的宾语从句

翻译时，顺序一般不变。如：

Manure supplies what is deficient in the soil.参考译文：肥料供给土壤所缺乏的养分。

二、介词引导的宾语从句

介词宾语从句前面的介词可能和动词、形容词或副词有关。翻译时，顺序一般不变。如：

Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.分析：in之后如果跟有宾语从句，常常可译成原因状语从句，用因为„，在于„，是因为„等词译出。

参考译文：人与兽的区别，就在于人有思维而且会说话。

The lift component is not vertical except when the relative wind is horizontal.分析：英语中的介词except, but, besides等之后如果跟有宾语从句，常常可译为并列句的分句，用除„之外，除了„，此外„，只是„，但„等词译出。

参考译文：除了相对风是水平的情况之外，升力不是垂直的。

三、直接引语作宾语

从句翻译时引号保留，把逗号一律改为冒号。如：

The student asked the teacher，“how many one cubic foot of air weighs under normal conditions？”

参考译文：这个学生问老师：“一立方英尺空气有多重？”

The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total amount of energy in the universe is constant.分析：以that引导的宾语从句为普遍真理及一般规律时，或是某一规律及定义所阐述的内容时，有时也可以在句首加冒号译出。

参考译文：能量守恒和转换定律说明：能量是不灭的，宇宙间能量的总和是不变的。

 同位语从句

英语的同位语从句是用以解释说明前面某一名词的内容的，也就是将这一名词的含义具体化，其地位和此名词是同等的。从句常用that或whether来引导。同位语从句常用来说明fact, theory, sense, question, conclusion, news, experience, evidence, proof, condition, law, conjecture, doubt等词的具体含义。

翻译此类从句时，一般有两种处理方法：一种把从句译成一个独立的句子，并在其前加即„，这„等词，或在从句所修饰的名词之后加冒号或破折号；二是用的字把从句放在它所修饰的词之前。如：

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.（2000年）

结构分析：句子的框架是Furthermore, it is obvious that„, and that„.这是典型的句型It+is+obvious+that clause.It是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句:A.that the strength is„bound with„, B.and that this„rests upon the efforts„.第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是与„有关联之意；在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,译为效率的提高。

参考译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。熟能生巧

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.（1999年）

结构分析：句子的框架是There is no agreement whether„or„.主句是There is no agreement,agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语:A.the concepts peculiar to historical work in general;B.the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts;在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate to„of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques.参考译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

 定语从句

定语从句就其与先行词的关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。因此英语定语从句的译法主要涉及限制性和非限制性定语从句的译法。

限制性定语从句和它的先行词的所指意义有着不可分割的联系，缺少了它，作为先行词的名词（词组）便不能明确表示其所指对象，根据汉语的表达习惯及对原文的忠实度，翻译这类定语从句可以采用以下几种方法：

一、合译法

合译法指把定语从句译成带的的定语词组，放在被修饰词的前面，从而将复合句译成汉语单句。合译法一般适用于结构比较简单或具有描写性的限制性定语从句。

Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity（速度）of light did not vary.分析：定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构，翻译成前置的定语词组。

参考译文：然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中，都没有发现这种影响：光速没有变化。

二、分译法

如果限制性定语从句结构较为复杂。译成前置的定语短语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，从句一般与主句分译，往往可以译成后置的并列分句，也可以依据上下文译成前置的并列分句。

As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.分析：在这句的定语从句中，有现在分词作前置定语，及过去分词做后置定语，翻译成前置的定语词组会生涩拗口。因此将从句与主句分开翻译，单独成句。

参考译文：因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更多，所以产生的电子图像随正电荷的变化强度，使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。

三、融合法

当定语部分所给信息与被修饰词关系紧密、必不可少时，可将原来的语序打乱，用自己的话将原句中的主句与定语从句重新组织，译成一个独立的句子。

There are those who insist that the era of a computer terminal on every desk is just around the corner, while others insist that traditional teaching methods will never give way to computerized instruction.分析：在翻译there be句型中的定语从句时，常用此方法。

参考译文：有些人坚信，每张课桌上放一台计算机终端设备的时代即将来临，而另一些坚持说传统的教学方法决不会让位于计算机教学。

四、断开法

当前置或后置都要影响上下文连贯时，可以将其放在主句中间，用破折号或括号等将其与主句断开。例如：

The last bits and pieces of interplanetary debris（星际碎片）from which Earth formed were just arriving.参考译文：最后的一批星际碎片（地球正是由这些碎片构成的）正降落在地球上。

 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，对先行词不起限定的作用。就其意义来说，在句中有时相当于一个并列分句。翻译此类句子，一般可采用以下方法：

一、译成独立句

一般来说，非限制性定语从句较少译成带的的定语词组。在翻译成汉语时可以将从句与主句分译，独立成句。

Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.分析：定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句，用人称代词它代替先行词吊架灯。

参考译文：一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架，它随着气流时而划一个大弧，时而划一个小弧。

二、断开法

我们同样可以用括号或破折号将非限制性从句和主句断开。

All commercial communication satellites, which began to be launched in1965, are now designed for use in geosynchronous orbits（地球同步轨道）。

参考译文：所有商业性通讯卫星（1965年开始发射）现在都设计用于地球同步轨道。

三、翻译成有状语职能的句子

非限制性定语从句在语义上有时起状语分句的作用，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。因此可将此类从句译为相应的状语分句。

Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.分析：在语义上，定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系，因此我们将定语从句译成原因状语从句。

参考译文：火箭在太空中运行最佳，因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。

 状语从句

一、译成相应的表示时间的状语

When they analyzed these rocks, they found shocked quartz grains—slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact.分析：when引导的时间直接翻译为在„的时候。

参考译文：在分析这些岩芯时，他们发现冲击石英颗粒———带有特殊排列的微裂缝的薄片，科学家认为他们是外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。

As land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.分析：as在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。

参考译文：在陆地形成时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中的盐和其他物质并把它们带入海洋，使海水变咸。

二、根据语境确立译法

The story dated back to one night in march, 1993, when Mr.and Mrs.Shoemakers went to an observatory near San Diego, California to observe heavenly bodies till dawn.分析：根据上下文，when引导的时间状语从句并未翻译成„的时候，而是译成独立的句子。

参考译文：故事发生在1993年3月的一个夜晚。苏梅克夫妇到加利福尼亚圣迭戈附近的一座天文台去观测天体，直到黎明。

Something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting antenna.分析：before引导的时间状语从句译为„才„使句意更为连贯。

参考译文：对于放大了的信号，必须作进一步的处理后，才能把它们馈送到发射天线上去。

条件状语从句可相应译成表示条件或表示假设的分句，例如翻译成：如果、要是等引导的分句。

Sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea vessel will be lowered gently into the waters of Monterey Bay for its maiden voyage.分析：if引导的条件状语从句插在主句的中间，翻译时也做了同样的处理。

参考译文：今年秋天，如果一切顺利的话，一只革命性新潜艇将轻轻在蒙特利海湾下水，进行它的第一次航行。

The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed a certain limit.分析：本句中的条件状语由provided引导。引导条件状语从句的词组还有providing, as long as等。

参考译文：如果外力不超过某一限度的话，那么形变量与外力成正比。原因状语从句要译成表示原因的分句。

You jump on the bandwagon when you decide to support a candidate because public opinion studies show he is likely to win.分析：译文中将原句的语序作了前后调整，原因状语前置，而主句被翻译成表示结果的分句。

参考译文：如果民意调查显示某个侯选人很可能会取胜，因此你决定支持他，你就跳上了宣传车。

He says computer manufacturers used to be more worried about electromagnetic interference, so they often put blocks of material inside to absorb stray signals.参考译文：他说过去的计算机生产商往往更担心电磁干扰，所以他们常常内置一层材料来吸收杂散信号。

 让步状语从句

一、译成表示让步的分句，如虽然„但是„，尽管„等。

Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth，anything humans can do, Nature has already done better and in far, far less space.分析：although引导的让步状语从句译成虽然„但„。

参考译文：虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物，人能创造一切，但大自然更富于创造性，早已创造出比人类创造的更好更小巧的东西。

二、译成条件句

由no matter引导的从句可以译为以不论，不管，无论等做关联词的条件分句。例如：

No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every time.参考译文：不管你多么小心翼翼地把手伸向一只苍蝇，差不多每次它都飞走。

 目的状语从句

一、将表示目的的从句前置

For example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process.分析：原句中由so that引导的目的状语从句在译文中放到了主句之前。

参考译文：例如，为了能让学生研究这一过程，电影可以放慢演示晶体的形成过程。

二、表示目的的从句后置

The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, remounted on rollers so that they move with any movement of the cables.分析：句中有两个目的状语从句，在翻译时，并未直接翻译成为了„，而是译为这样„，更能让人接受。

参考译文：鞍座可以是固定的，这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动，也可以安装在滚柱上，这样鞍座就会随钢缆的移动而移动。

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.（1999年）

结构分析：句子的框架是While there are almost as many„as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as„.while引导让步状语从句，翻译时可译为尽管„但是„.as引导一个比较状语从句。主句中包含一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰one.one指代definition.definition意为定义，界定；modern practice在此意为现代史学实践；conform to原意为遵照，顺从，在此译为趋向于认为。

参考译文：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

第三篇：定语从句的翻译

定语从句的翻译

英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。如果英语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方法处理。常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。

一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。

既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。

英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。

（一）重复先行词。

由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

（二）省略先行词。

如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。

It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。

三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be ”结构带有定语从句的句型。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。（原句中的主句部分there is a man翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。（原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。（原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。（原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）

四、状译法

英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一个不同的地方，那就是，英语中有些定语从句和主句关系不密切，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词的，但实际上限定作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓语或全句的，起状语作用。也就是说，有些定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状语关系，表明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。在这种情况下，需要灵活处理，在准确理解英语原文的基础上，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。

（一）译成表示“时间”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

（二）译成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

（三）译成表示“条件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

（四）译成表示“让步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。

（五）译成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。

（六）译成表示“结果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

（七）译成表示“转折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。复合句的翻译

英语复合句翻译时首先要理清各分句之间的关系（语法关系和逻辑关系），辩明句意及句子在特定语境中的功能。表达时有时可亦步亦趋，有时可用分译法和句序、词序调整法。下面是名词分句汉译的几个例子：

(1)Whether an object will sink or float depends on its density.物体在水中的沉浮取决于物体的比重。（名词分句--转换为汉语单句,名词分句成主语）

(2)I owe it to you that I didn't die.我没死，全靠你。（名词分句--宾语从句转换为汉语并列句）

(3)It worried her much that her daughter should stay up so late.她很着急，因为她女儿很晚都不睡觉。（名词分句--主语从句转换为状语从句）

定语分句汉译应多注意其位置；状语化的定语分句汉译时则应注意其意义的传达：

(1)John liked my sister, who was warm and pleasant.他喜欢我那热情欢快的妹妹。（定语分句--前置定语）

(2)It seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有明显的深浅之分。（定语分句--并列分句）

(3)We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。（定语分句--原因）

(4)There are many people who want to see the film.许多人要看这部电影。(定语分句--独立句子)

需要指出的是，英语中含有状语从句的复合句，译成汉语时，有些成了偏正复句，有些成了联合复句，还有一些成了单句。此外，有些句序调整是强制性的（required），有些是选择性的（selective / optional），翻译时必须加以注意。

（三）长句翻译

长句的翻译首先要判断出句子的结构（如是简单句，并列句，还是复合句），再找出句中的主要句子成分，即主语和谓语动词，然后再分清句中的宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等，最后还要弄清原文的表达模式特点。一般说来，英语长句的翻译主要依原句的语义及句子各部分间的逻辑关系而定，采取的方法就是分译，而分译法大体又分为顺译法、逆译法、综合法。例如：

(1)…This is nonsense but with it organs of the popular Press played upon the emotions of their readers so successfully that many candidates for Parliament were afraid to support abolition for fear of losing votes and the result was the muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1957 which made murder with robbery a capital crime and allowed the prisoner to escape the gallows.……这是胡说八道，但一些在大众中颇有影响的报刊却利用它大肆煽动读者的情绪，许多竟选国会议员的人由于害怕失去选票而不敢支持废除死刑，其结果就是1957年通过的糊里糊涂的《凶杀法案》。根据这个法案，抢劫杀人犯要判死刑，而投毒杀人犯却可不判死刑。（顺译法）

(2)From radio-active water and soil around a nuclear-weapons plant in Colorado to man-made deserts in Soviet Central Asia, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unneighborly attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and clothe us all.如果人们受教育不够或不能善待环境，他们会对人类赖以生存的这个星球做出些什么事来呢？全世界到处都有这样的例子：从科罗拉多州核武器工厂周围幅射活跃的水土到原苏联中亚地区的人为沙漠。（逆译法）

(3)Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.合成材料通常称为人造材料。许多人造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料，这或许是因为天然制品的数量不能满足人们日益增长的需求，但更多的则是因为人们看中了合成材料的某种物理性能，并充分发挥这些性能，以便使合成材料在其应用领域中最大限度地发挥作用。（综合法）

长句翻译不能一味地照顾译入语的表达习惯而不重视原文作者句式安排的特殊目的或意图，而要想看出原文作者的用意，就不能将目光局限在一个句子中各部分间的逻辑关系上，而应扩展到句群乃至语篇中.

第四篇：考研英语名词性从句详解

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考研英语名词性从句详解

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

在翻译的时候，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法： ① 可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。② 放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。

③ 译成独立句子：先翻译主句，然后用“就是„„”或者“即„„”引导出同位语从句，或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子，由冒号或破折号引出。④ 用代词指代：先把同位语从句中的内容翻译出来，在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它，参加句子主体的构成。⑤ 译成宾语 ：把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词，而把同位语从句译成宾语。【真题例句1】

What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.【解析】

句子可拆分为：What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分：从句what is harder to establish作主语；whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语；that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution;此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。【参考译文】

难以确定的是，商界人士认为他们所主导的生产力革命是否真的存在。

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【真题例句2】

It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? 【解析】

该句可拆分为：It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious? 主句为：It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句，形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句，对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除，但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句，而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句，很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词，并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中，不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。

It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。【参考译文】

还有解释说，正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多，所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力：对于显而易见之事，人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢?

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第五篇：定语从句

高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知识点及课后测试（含答案）

一、非限制性定语从句：

1.让学生在课文中把含有定语从句的句子全部划出来，标上序号。

2.提醒学生从句子的意义和形式方面进行对比，发现两种定语从句的不同点。3.同桌之间交换意见，对两种定语从句的不同点形成初步印象。

4.教师引导学生对这些结论进行归纳分析，结合例句梳理两种定语从句的不同用法。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句不与主句语意关系松散，定语从句拿掉其 能删除 他部分仍可成立 表意

功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 无逗号与主句分开 有逗号与主句分开

使用时可以用that引导 使用时不能用that引导 形式 关系词做宾语可省 关系词做宾语不可省

as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同：

(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有实际意义，可翻译成“正如，正像”而which并无实际意义。常见的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is known to all 众所周知

as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的

Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）当定于从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引导限制性定语从句（1）常用于下列句式

such+名词+as… 像……一样,像……之类 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里一样的工具。注意：下面两句意思的差别

这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。（不是同一本）这就是我上周读的那本书。（同一本）

二、课文知识点

1.cultural relics 文化遗产

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍贵稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.这样的天才现在很少见。

3.in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。

This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。

decorate with 以...装饰

7.be designed for …为……而设计 by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师。

This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。8.belong to 属于

We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。9.in return 作为回报/报答/交换

in turn 依次地，轮流的；转而，反过来

10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友围住了。11.become part of… 变成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我们行为表现的一部分。12.serve as 作为，用作，充当，起作用

The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。

13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。

14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。have sth done 请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失 We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。

15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。

We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我们认为这是真实的。a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字 There is a page missing.缺少一页。

Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.17.be at war 处于战争状态,交战

18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里

20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

it remains to be seen 尚待分晓

The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外 These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑

He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。

24.without doubt 无疑地，确实地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队

26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆开

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。

27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than胜于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们的目的是重质不重量。第4/8页

29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 亲自，独自地

One should not live for oneself alone.一个人不应只是为自已活着。

31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。

33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。34.do with 处理，忍受，对付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度 What do they do with the coin? 他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的? 35.take notes of 记录，把……记下来

Please take notes of the important while you read.请边读边把重要的事情记下来。

36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他们供给我们食物。

We provided food for the hungry children.我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。

It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。” He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。

37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。38.for fun 为了消遣，为了开心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。【练习】 一）填写单词

1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8页

二）请根据中文意思完成下列句子。1.长城是世界一大奇迹。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.请考虑一下我的建议。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．仅几名士兵没有战死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那书店里见到这本珍贵的书。

5．他的绘画受到世界上一些专家的好评。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他给我们如此多的帮助我想为他做些事作为报答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了这次会议，其中三分之二都是同一个学校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我们认为他说的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。________ 10． 他是个对音乐有天赋的学生。三）单项选择

1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8页

A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定语从句专项 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8页

A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案

（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend

（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift

（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC