第一篇：埃塞俄比亚中英文导游词对照_doc
埃塞俄比亚中英文导游词对照
埃塞俄比亚这个国家最让人神往的便是它无数的历史古迹，方尖石塔，阿克苏姆（Axum）石碑，教堂，塔纳湖岛Tigre的科普特人修道院，以及拉利贝拉（Lalibela）的非洲耶路撒冷的岩石教堂。在埃塞俄比亚还有9个国家公园，其中两座公园包括塞米恩山（Simien）和贝尔山
（Bale）山群，其他的则坐落在东非大裂谷接近肯尼亚。一望无际的土地就是这些公园吸引游客的地方，这里有很多被保护的动物物种，其中有些动物是这个地区特有的。埃塞俄比亚靠近赤道，它栖息地的各种各样使得这个国家成为南非野生鸟类最多的国家之一。
当然，历史和文化还不是这个地方最引人注意的唯一事物，还有这里人们根深蒂固的独特的传统文化。这里科普特教会的宗教信仰，这里本地的人群，Hamer、Mursi、Caro以及其他一些，他们的生活方式是我们所无法想象的，离现代生活太遥远了。
Much of the fascination of Ethiopia lies in its myriad historical sites, the obelisks and stele of Axum, the churches and coptic monasteries in the Tigre, in the Lake Tana isles and in the Lalibela: the African Jerusalem with its monolithic churches.In Ethiopia there are also nine national parks, two of which include the mountain groups of the Simien and the Bale, while the others lie in the Rift Valley towards Kenya.The unforeseeable wild landscapes are surely the main attraction of these parks, where many of the animal species are protected, and some of them are endemic to the area.The proximity of Ethiopia to the Equator and the variety of its habitats make it one of the richest countries in Africa in wild bird life.History and nature are not the only attractions of this surprising country.It is a unique experience to come into contact with its people, so deeply rooted in their traditional culture, to participate in religious rites in one of the many Coptic churches, to meet native populations like the Hamer, the Mursi, the Caro and the many others whose lifestyle is hard to imagine today, so far is it from our modern life.
第二篇：避暑山庄导游词中英文对照
避暑山庄是清代康、乾盛世的象征。作为山庄缔造者的康熙、乾隆，都曾六下江南，遍历天下景物之美。在修建避暑山庄时，博采众家之长，融合中国南北园林风格为一体，使避暑山庄成为中国古典园林艺术的总结与升华。我国园林专家们说，整个避暑山庄就是祖国锦绣河山的缩影。专家们为什么会这样说呢？这个问题我想还是请女士们、先生们游览了避暑山庄之后再来回答。不过，我这里先给大家提个醒，这原因与避暑山庄的地形有关。（导游员采用悬念法，以激发游客游览的兴趣）
各位，避暑山庄到了，请大家下车，现在我就带领大家一睹她的风采。
（在丽正门外）
女士们，先生们，我们面前这座古色古香的门，就是避暑山庄的正门，叫丽正门，是清代皇帝进出的门。宫门面宽三间，上下两层。下层辟有三个方形的门洞，上层有城台和阙楼。你们看，中间门洞的上方有一块石匾，上面是乾隆皇帝用满、藏、汉、维、蒙五种文字题写的“丽正门”，它象征着我们祖国是一个统一的多民族国家。门的两边有两尊石狮，以显示皇帝的威严。门前有御道广场，青石铺路，广场东西各立一块石碑，上面用满、蒙、藏、汉四种文字刻着“官员人等至此下马”，所以我们又叫它下马碑。广场南边有一道红色照壁，使这座皇家园林与外界隔开。关于红照壁，传说里边藏有从鸡冠山飞来的金鸡，在夜深人静时，轻叩照壁，金鸡就会发出叽叽的叫声。如果哪位想考证一下的话，就请夜里到这里来听一听。好了！今天我请大家当一回“皇帝”，进去感受一下皇帝的生活。
（进丽正门内）
请各位向右看，远处的山峦上，有一巨大石柱，擎天而立，直插云端。它上粗下细，很像洗衣用的棒槌，我们承德人叫它棒槌山，康熙皇帝赐名“磬锤峰”。修建避暑山庄时，巧借此景，使山庄内外浑然一体，扩大了空间感，创造了新的意境美，这是山庄设计者运用“借景”这一造园艺术的成功典范。一般来承德的人，都要到山上去摸一下棒槌山，因为承德民间流传这样一句话：“摸到棒槌山，能活一百三。”如果大家有兴趣的话，不妨明天上山摸一摸，一定很有意思的。
前面这片宫殿就是清代皇帝在承德“办公居住”的地方，现在承德人把这里为避暑山庄博物馆。
（在第一展室里）
首先映入我们眼帘的这张图就是避暑山庄全图，是清代山庄鼎盛时期的全貌图。避暑山庄，又叫“热河行宫”、“承德离宫”。它从康熙四十二年（1703年）开始动工兴建，至乾隆五十七年（1792年）最后落成，历时89年。清代前中期的几位皇帝几乎每年都来这里消夏避暑，处理政务，通常是每年农历四、五月份来，九、十月份返回北京。避暑山庄实际上已成为清朝的第二政治中心。整个山庄占地564万平方米，它的面积大约是北京颐和园的两倍，北海的8倍。山庄可分为宫殿区和苑景区两部分，宫殿区由正宫、松鹤斋、万壑松风和东宫四组建筑组成。苑景区又分为山区、湖区、平原区三部分。以山区面积最广，约占山庄总面积的70%多。山庄集全国园林精华于一园，具有南秀北雄的特点。清代山庄内共有亭子90座，堤桥29座，碑刻摩崖25处，假山叠石70余组，殿宇、楼堂、寺庙、亭台、塔阁等各种建筑120余组，总建筑面积达10万多平方米。康熙皇帝以4个字命名的36景和乾隆皇帝以3个字命名的36景最为著名，合称“避暑山庄72景”。康熙皇帝称赞这里是“自有山川开北极，天然风景胜西湖。”山庄宫墙长约10公里，因为它形似长城，我们承德人亲切地称它为“小长城”。宫墙外是仿全国各族著名庙宇而修建的皇家寺庙群，这些寺庙呈半圆形环绕在山庄外围，形成众星拱月之势，象征着当时全国各民族紧紧围绕在清王朝统治中心的周围。随着岁月的流逝，朝代的变更，避暑山庄也历尽了沧桑。新中国成立后，山庄才得到了新生，现在是全国保存得最好、规模最大的皇家园林，是世界文化遗产、是中外驰名的旅游胜地。
（来到第二展室）
这里展出的大部分是图片，这张木兰秋 图是最引人注目的。木兰，是满语哨鹿的意思。哨鹿的方法是黎明前，士兵们潜入山林，身披鹿皮，头戴鹿角，口吹木哨，模仿公鹿的叫声。秋天正是鹿求偶分群的季节，用这种方法将母鹿引出来以便射杀。“ ”是指秋天打猎。这张图是清代兴隆阿所画，描绘的是200多年前皇帝打猎的场面。你们也许会感到奇怪，清朝皇帝为什么要率领大队人马千里迢迢来这里打猎呢？因为清帝入关以后，历史上英勇善战的八旗部队战斗力开始下降，他们有的临阵脱逃，有的自创伤痕，有时一人受伤，多人护送，为的是不上前线。康熙皇帝认识到，提高士兵素质，巩固北部边疆已成为当务之急。在这种形势下，康熙皇帝亲自率领八旗将士，出喜峰口，北上巡视，设置了以习武绥远为目的的木兰围场。木兰围场的建立，是清朝与蒙、藏民族友好关系的产物，它密切了蒙、藏地区与中原地区的关系，加强了满、蒙、藏、汉各族人民之间的交流，巩固了北部边防，有利于抵御沙皇俄国的侵略和扩张。一年一度的围猎每次要进行20天左右，皇帝亲率政府各部官员及满、蒙八旗军队参加。为满足大批人马食宿休息、储蓄物品及皇帝处理政务的需要，从北京至围场要修建十余座行宫。热河处于这条北巡路线的中间地带，从北京到这里，奏章朝发夕至，而且这里气候宜人，风光秀丽，水草丰盛，所以康熙决定在这里修建一座大的行宫，这就是热河行宫。对此，乾隆有一句话讲得十分清楚：“我皇祖建此山庄于塞外，非为一己之豫游，盖贻万世之缔构也”。历史表明，秋 大典和避暑山庄的建立，达到了康熙皇帝“合内外之心，成巩固之业”的政治目的。现在我们再来看这张图，它可分为两部分，一是御营，二是猎场。御营是皇帝居住和处理朝政的地方；猎场是实际打猎的地方。打猎时都有严明的组织和纪律，伪装成鹿的士兵把鹿引出来后，军士们逐步缩小包围圈，达到人并肩、马并耳的程度，但不能随便射杀。这时皇帝首先出来射第一箭，然后才是王公大臣、将士们依次射杀。图上画的是猎杀鹿的情景。请大家跟我向前走。
这第二道门叫“阅射门”，是皇帝观看皇子皇孙射箭比赛的地方。门的上方悬有一块匾，上面写着“ 暑山庄”四个镏金大字，是康熙皇帝的御笔，此匾精美绝伦，分外醒目。也许你们已经发现，这避暑山庄的“避”字多写了一横，是康熙皇帝写错了，还是另有原因呢？（„„）还是这位先生（小姐）说对了，原来在清代两个“避”字同时使用，无论用哪一种写法都是正确的，这是一种异体字现象。在这里康熙皇帝是为了追求书法美才这样写的。
门前两侧这两个铜狮，威风凛凛。说起这两个铜狮，还有一段动人的传说呢！相传在中国抗日战争时期，日本侵略军侵占了承德并大肆抢劫。有一天一群日本兵发现这两个铜狮子很漂亮，是无价之宝，就想抢走，可是铜狮子太重，他们搬也搬不动，于是就分头去找工具。这一切让护院的老人看在眼里，痛在心上。他想铜狮子是国家的财宝，决不能让日本兵抢走。他灵机一动，立即从村里找来猪血，涂在狮子的眼睛上，等日本兵找到工具回来后发现狮子的眼睛红红的，都哭出了血，个个吓得目瞪口呆，害怕搬动狮子会给他们带来厄运，便慌里慌张地逃走了，这对国宝才得以保留至今。现在这对铜狮成了人们心目中的吉祥物。如果大家想万事如意的话，千万别忘了摸摸它。
（来到澹泊敬诚殿前）
这个面阔七间，进深三重的大殿叫“澹泊敬诚”殿。“澹泊”二字来自于《易经》：“不烦不扰，澹泊不失”，诸葛亮在其《戒子书》中又说，“非澹泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”。康熙皇帝题“澹泊敬诚”这四个字，含蓄地表达了他“居安思危，崇尚节俭”的思想。这个殿是避暑山庄的主殿，是清代皇帝在山庄居住时处理朝政和举行盛大庆典的地方。整个大殿用珍贵的楠木建造，因此又叫“楠木殿”。每当阴雨连绵之时，楠木散发着缕缕清香，沁人心脾。楠木产自云贵和江浙一带的深山峡谷之中，在没有先进运输工具的清代，将这些笨重的木材从遥远的南方运到塞北，大都装船河运或利用河水结冰和在旱路上泼水结冰的冬季，将木材放在冰上，依靠人力又拉又推，运到承德，其艰难是不言而喻的。据史料记载，为了修建这座楠木殿，耗费白银7.2万两，用工19万个。大殿外观古朴淡雅，不饰彩绘，殿内大理石铺地，正中地坪上设有皇帝的宝座。宝座周围设有宝象、端、仙鹤、香亭、如意等，精雕细刻，造型十分优美。宝座的后面有一个紫檀木屏风，上面刻有163个人物，形态逼真，栩栩如生，为“农家耕织长乐图”，以表示皇帝临朝时刻不忘百姓。在清代这个殿的东西山墙上挂着“皇舆全图”，就是清代的地图，是清政府派专人测绘的。殿内北墙两侧墙壁上装有楠木书格，贮放着《古今图书集成》1万卷。你们可能会问：澹泊敬诚殿是举行盛大庆典的地方，那么当年是怎么一番盛况呢？那就要从松鹤斋南面的钟楼说起。当宣布庆祝大典或觐见开始，司钟人立即登上钟楼敲钟，钟响9下之后，山庄内各庙宇的钟声齐鸣，紧接着外八庙的钟声也相继应和。各种钟皆鸣81声。大殿前东西相对的两个乐亭里宫廷乐师们开始奏乐，在八音和谐、箫鼓齐鸣之下，文武百官就位，皇帝端庄肃穆，面南巍坐，开始处理朝政了。我想，你们的脑海里也许已经浮现出这一壮观的场面了吧？
乾隆皇帝还在澹泊敬诚殿接见少数民族的首领。乾隆十九年（1754年）接见过厄鲁特蒙古杜尔伯特部三策凌；乾隆三十六年（1771年）秋，接见过不远万里从伏尔加河流域回归祖国的土尔扈特汗渥巴锡一行；乾隆四十五年（1780年）农历七月廿一日，接见了西藏政教首领六世**额尔德尼。说到**话就长了，据史料记载，在接见仪式上，**先献吉祥哈达，跪请圣安。乾隆离开宝座亲手扶起，操藏语问佛安：“长途跋涉，必感辛劳。”**答：“远叨圣恩，一路平安。”在过去，**见皇帝，只跪不拜，这次**则要求行跪拜礼，以表示敬重皇帝，拥护王朝，乾隆对此颇为满意。八月十三日，清廷为乾隆皇帝70岁寿辰举行盛大庆典时，乾隆给予**最高规格的待遇，二人携手同登宝座，共同接受蒙古王公、各扈从大臣及外国使节的祝贺，随从**的三大寺堪布及蒙古章嘉国师唱赞无量寿经„„。庆典之后，乾隆为**举行四次大型野宴。宴会中伴有相扑、杂技、赛马、烟火、音乐、舞蹈等文体节目，丰富多采，惊险动人。六世**东行承德，密切了西藏与清中央政府的关系，遏制了英国东印度公司对西藏的渗透分裂活动。回顾历史，在澹泊敬诚殿这个政治舞台上，曾演出过一幕幕对清王朝一统江山有重大影响的活剧，谱写了一曲曲民族团结的颂歌。
请各位绕过回廊，展现在我们面前的就是面阔五楹的四知书屋。楹，堂屋前部的柱子。面阔五楹就是面宽五间的意思。什么是“四知”呢？乾隆皇帝可不是指汉朝杨震所说的：做官要廉洁，不可贪脏枉法，办事再机密也瞒不过去，因为有“天知、地知、你知、我知”。乾隆皇帝所题的“四知”一语出于《易经》。因《易经》中说“君子知微、知彰、知柔、知刚，万夫之望。”乾隆皇帝对此话十分赞赏，因为恰好表达了他刚柔相济、恩威并施的统治策略。皇帝上朝前后，在这里更衣，有时也在此召见王公大臣和少数民族首领。万岁照房和配房现在展出的是御用官窑瓷器、珐琅器、帝后车舆和石鼓，请各位仔细欣赏这些稀世珍品，一定会让您大饱眼福的。
（向北行至烟波致爽殿院内）
这里是宫殿区的后半部分，叫“后寝”，是帝后和嫔妃们居住的地方。北殿为烟波致爽殿。康熙皇帝说这里“四围秀岭，十里平湖，致有爽气”，所以才题了这个殿名。明间陈设考究，富丽堂皇；西暖阁是皇帝的寝宫。所谓暖阁，就是在地面以下设有火道，冬季将红罗炭点燃，热气上达，满屋皆暖。同时屋里还放有火炉和薰笼，皇帝脚下设脚炉。康熙、乾隆、嘉庆、咸丰等皇帝都曾在这里居住过。室内靠北墙，紫檀落地罩内是皇帝的卧床，咸丰十一年（1861年），咸丰皇帝就病殁在这张床上。我们现在参观的这个酷似民居的小院，在清代却发生过一系列重大历史事件。1860年，英法联军进攻北京，农历八月初八，咸丰皇帝害怕洋人，携太后和慈安、慈禧两个皇后逃到热河来避难。也就是在这里，咸丰皇帝签准了清政府分别与英、法、俄三国签订的丧权辱国的《北京条约》，并承认《中俄瑷珲条约》有效，使我国失去了大片领土和主权。咸丰死后，慈禧在这里策划了辛酉政变，开始垂帘听政，统治清朝长达48年之久，把中国进一步推向苦难的深渊。
烟波致爽殿两侧有两个跨院。东边的叫东所，咸丰在承德时是慈安皇后的住所，现在展出的是清代宫廷钟表。西边的叫西所，咸丰在承德时是慈禧的住所，现在展出的是慈禧当年的一些生活用品和照片。
云山胜地楼为正宫最后一进。这是一座玲珑别致的两层楼房，这个楼的特点内没有楼梯，而是沿楼前假山上的蹬道上楼。两侧朝房是宫廷挂屏和玻璃皿专题展览，光采夺目，让我们百看不厌。
（万壑松风桥至如意洲）
看完了正宫博物馆，我们现在来到了湖区，“山庄以山名，而胜趣实在水”区面积为57公顷，现在有七湖八岛。整个湖区一泓清水，洲岛错落，一派江南水乡秀色。你们看，右边湖上的三座亭子叫“水心榭”，屹立在石桥之上，结构匀称，明快轻盈。前面的这条长堤将左边的环碧、中间的如意洲和右边的月色江声连接起来，从高处看，这一堤三岛形状如灵芝，所以康熙皇帝给它起的名字叫芝径云堤。环碧岛上建有东、西相邻的两个庭院，各有殿三楹，名字是“澄光室”和“环碧”。在环碧殿以北，临近湖边的地方，有座草亭，形似斗笠。康熙年间，每逢农历七月十五日中元节时，常在这里举行盂兰盆会。月色江声岛上有康熙题名的门殿“月色江声”。每当月上东山之时，远山如黛，近水鸣吟，诗请画意，真是美极了！门殿以北有“静寄山房”、“莹心堂”等多组建筑，康熙、乾隆皇帝都曾经在这里读书。
请大家跟我沿芝径云堤北行，右前方隔湖相望的是金山岛。石岛在湖水环抱之中，意境与江苏镇江的金山很相似。岛上主体建筑“上帝阁”，是清代皇帝祭祀真武大帝和玉皇大帝的地方。山上平台建有两座殿堂。此外，还有月牙形的“芳洲亭”、“爬山廊”等建筑，当年皇帝乘龙舟就在这里登岸。
我们来到了湖区最大的岛屿——如意洲岛。岛上建筑很多，康乾七十二景中有十景在这里。主体建筑是一座宫殿。门殿的名字是“无暑清凉”，正殿为“延薰山馆”，面宽七楹，建筑宏伟，殿后有“水芳岩秀”殿。正宫落成前，这里是康熙皇帝处理朝政和居住的地方。现在这里展出的是清宫用品。岛的西北处是著名的园中之园——沧浪屿，是仿苏州“沧浪亭”而建的。虽面积不大，但殿堂、水阁、清泉、小亭、回廊巧妙地组织在一起，相互因借，恰到好处，令人流连忘返。电影《知音》的第一组镜头就是在这里拍摄的。
（跨过曲桥登上青莲岛）
女士们，先生们，迎面这座玲珑秀丽的建筑，叫烟雨楼。这是一座面宽五楹?、上下两层的小楼，楼的上下还有围廊。二楼上的云龙金匾是乾隆皇帝题写的。烟雨楼与门殿之间是一个规整的方院，几棵古松苍劲挺拔。月台下两座石须弥座上有铜鹿一对。烟雨楼是仿浙江嘉兴的烟雨楼而建的。每当阴雨时节，细雨蒙蒙，登楼远眺，只见远山近水，尽在轻纱薄雾笼罩之中，如入仙境。楼东有“青阳书屋”，是皇帝习文读书的地方；楼西南有“对山斋”，面对着假山。山上建有六角形凉亭，名字叫翼亭。
（沿澄湖北岸经“水流云在”、“莺啭乔木”诸亭东行）
我们现在到达的地方就是闻名遐尔的热河泉。泉边上这块石碑，写着“热河”两个大字。因为泉水温热，又有上游的温泉水汇入，所以冬天也不结冰。尤其是周围白雪皑皑时，这里的湖面却热气蒸腾，实为奇观。
（进入避暑山庄平原区）
我们眼前这片开阔的平原，面积有千余亩，是由“万树园”和“试马埭”两部分组成的。万树园地势平坦，林木苍郁，驯鹿野兔出没期间，是塞外难得的草原风光。试马埭位于万树园西侧，绿草如茵，驰道如弦，是清代皇帝赴木兰围场举行“秋 大典”之前，选拔骏马的地方。
（来到万树园以西的文津阁）
各位看到的这座秀丽的古建筑就是清代著名的藏书楼——文津阁。津，是水的渡口。文津，是文化知识的渡口。如欲求得知识，便需自此问津的意思。它和北京紫禁城内的文渊阁、圆明园的文源阁、沈阳故宫的文溯阁合称“内廷四阁”。这组建筑坐北朝南，门殿、假山、水池、楼阁相继排列。主体建筑文津阁处于山环水抱之中，上下各六间，是仿浙江宁波天一阁而建。从外观上看，它是两层，里边实际是三层，中间一层为暗层，阳光不能直接射入，以便更好地保护图书。阁内曾藏有巨著《古今图书集成》和《四库全书》各一部。
（来到阁前水池边）
请大家站在我身边，顺着我手指的方向看，瞧！池中一弯新月，在水中轻轻抖动。这是天上月亮的倒影吗？不是，天上正是丽日当空。是我们眼睛的错觉吗？更不是，我们看得这样真真切切。这就是堪称承德一绝的“日月同辉”奇观。究竟是怎么回事呢？请各位到前面的假山中自己去寻找答案。（此时导游员给游客留出几分钟时间去寻找。）大家请注意，这位先生（小姐）是最先找到答案的！原来这是利用光的反射原理，透过山洞南壁的月牙形缺口，在水中倒映出的影子。
（带游客到榛子峪口）
我市的旅游、文物部门联合推出的“乘车环山游”这一旅游项目，既安全，又方便。现在我们就乘汽车到山区看看。位于山庄西北部的山区约占避暑山庄总面积的五分之四，如果步行的话，大概一天也游不完的。
（导游员请游客上车）
你们看，这里峰峦起伏，松涛阵阵。自南而北依次有榛子峪、西峪、松林峪、梨树峪、松云峡5条沟峪，情趣各不相同。我们现在游览的这条沟就是榛子峪。榛子峪、西峪松林遍谷，间或有榛丛、栎树；梨树峪景色很美，春天梨花万树，芳香扑鼻，秋天果实满枝头；松云峡古松参天，莽莽苍苍。清代曾在这里依山就势构筑了40多组风格不同的园林、寺庙、碑碣建筑。因年代久远，大部分已自然坍塌。这里特别让我们痛惜的是位于西湖以西山坡上的珠源寺。寺内建有两层高的佛阁，名叫“宗镜阁”，它内外均用铜铸，制作精良，雕刻巧妙，而且可以自由装卸，里边供奉的释迦牟尼等佛像也为铜铸，所以俗称“铜殿”。但现在仅存有基址，它并非毁于自然。这是为什么呢？原来，抗日战争期间，日本鬼子侵入承德，抢走好多珍宝文物，并拆毁了宗镜阁，除三块铜匾幸存下来以外，其余全被日本侵略军运往日本。今日的宗镜阁遗址，如同北京圆明园遗址一样，成了我们进行爱国主义教育的好课堂。（汽车在四面云山亭附近停下来，导游员带领游客登上四面云山亭）
各位现在登上的这个亭子叫四面云山亭。它是山区的最高点。亭中长风四达，虽是盛夏，也凉爽如秋。乾隆皇帝每来山庄，必到此一游，并触景生情，写诗多首。其中两句是“绝顶平临北斗齐，座中惟觉众山低。”今天各位看到的比乾隆皇帝看得还要丰富，不仅可以欣赏到乾隆皇帝当年欣赏的自然风光，而且还可以远眺承德市区新貌！
（汽车来到西北门，导游员带领大家登上宫墙）
中国有句名言：“不到长城非好汉”。现在我们大家已经登上了承德的小长城——山庄宫墙。它依山就势，蜿蜒起伏。各位在宫墙上漫步，南可望雄奇秀丽的山庄，北可望金碧辉煌的外八庙。你们看，这座庙就是酷似西藏布达拉宫的普陀宗乘之庙，那座是六世**的行宫——须弥福寿之庙，距我们稍远一点的那座庙叫普宁寺，那里供有世界最高木雕佛像——千手千眼观世音菩萨„„。明天我将带领大家去参观这些寺庙。现在带照像机的朋友，可以在这里多照几张像，不然，你们是会后悔的哟！（汽车经“青枫绿屿”下山，环山游结束）
穿过这片地势平坦的草原，前边这座高耸入云的塔叫舍利塔，是仿杭州的六和塔和南京的报恩寺塔而建的。塔身为九层八面，高67米，我们承德人叫它“六和塔”。一层南北两面各有石八券门，进门沿盘旋而上的台阶可登到塔顶。塔内供有佛教雕像。乾隆在山庄居住时，有时清晨登塔礼佛。巍巍宝塔配以绿色的原野，气势宏伟，格外引人注目。
这里是蒙古包度假村。如果从远处看，这一座座洁白的蒙古包好像一群白天鹅降落在绿茸茸的草地上。清代这里也曾建有蒙古包，康熙、乾隆皇帝曾在这里的御幄蒙古包欢迎和宴请少数民族首领和外国使节。这里向大家介绍一次著名的接见活动：乾隆五十七年（1792年）9月29日，英王乔治二世派出以马戈尔尼勋爵为特使、斯当东为副使，由100余人组成的外交使团，乘坐“狮子号”军舰，从朴次茅斯港出发，直航天津，这是“大英帝国”派往中国的第一个正式访华使团。乾隆五十八年（1793年）7月26日，使团船队抵达天津，经北京于9月8日到达热河。乾隆对英使来访很重视，决定在热河行宫进行接见。9月14日，就是在这里的御幄蒙古包，马戈尔尼特使在全权公使、中国翻译和见习童子的陪同下，由礼部尚书引领到乾隆皇帝御座旁，拾级而上，单腿下跪致词后，呈交了英王给乾隆皇帝的信件和礼品。大家可知道，这个并不复杂的谒见礼仪，还是中英双方磋商了好几天才定下来的呢！乾隆向马戈尔尼特使回赠了玉如意等礼品，并让他们同扈从王公大臣、蒙古王公台吉一同参加宴会，亲自给英使赐酒，赏观杂技、戏剧、拳术等文艺节目。9月17日（阴历八月十三），清廷在山庄举行盛大的阅兵典礼，庆祝乾隆83岁寿辰，马戈尔尼又前来避暑山庄给乾隆皇帝祝寿，晚上在万树园观看了盛大的焰火晚会。英王在信中提出派使臣常驻北京等一系列要求。乾隆回到北京后，和坤将乾隆在避暑山庄写好的《赐英吉利国王敕书》交给了马戈尔尼。10月7日英使带着乾隆回赠英王的礼物回国。马戈尔尼希望通过与清王朝最高当局直接谈判，打开中国大门，开拓东方贸易市场的构想没有实现。清朝在办理交涉过程中维护了王朝国威和尊严。但英国使团在几个月的时间里对中国政治、军事、经济情况有了一个直观的了解，搜集了大量军政资料。马戈尔尼的中国之行为鸦片战争作了理论上的准备，所以1840年英国人率先用洋枪洋炮打开了中国的大门，从此中国开始了半封建、半殖地的社会。
请大家随我从蒙古包度假村南行，经万树园门出山庄。
（回到汽车上）
女士们、先生们，游览了避暑山庄以后各位印象如何？现在我要请大家回答前面的问题：我国园林专家们为什么说避暑山庄就是祖国锦绣河山的缩影？在回答这个问题之前，请大家先说说避暑山庄的地形。（„„）太好了！这位先生说对了！那位小姐也说对了！今天大家游览时已经看到，避暑山庄的地形是东南部地势较低，景色秀丽，如同江南；东北部地势平坦，芳草如茵，一派草原风光；西北部则地势高敞，沟壑纵横。这一切虽然是“自然天成地就势”，却好像人工雕琢了一般，竟如此巧妙地和我们伟大祖国的地形相吻合，况且全国各地的许多胜景还被神奇般地集中在山庄，因此连园林专家们也都发出了由衷的赞叹：避暑山庄就是祖国锦绣河山的缩影。
现在让我们再来看看避暑山庄在我国历史、文化和园林艺术方面的地位和作用吧！
在我国历史上，避暑山庄是清朝前期统一多民族国家巩固和发展的历史见证。康乾盛世时期，皇帝每年约有半年左右的时间，住在避暑山庄，处理朝政。从避暑山庄丰富的历史内涵来说，它又是一座民族和宗教的历史博物馆，是一部用特殊资料编写的清朝历史。
从文化价值来说，避暑山庄是康乾盛世的产物。山庄内各种类型的建筑，突出表现了多民族联合、宇内大一统的思想。在山庄里，汉族文化和一些少数民族文化，既表现出各自的特点，又吸收了其它文化的精华，呈现出绚丽多姿又融为一体的景观，真实地再现了中华文化多元的特点，显示出避暑山庄在清代处于多民族文化的中心地位。现在，承德已经迈步走向世界，避暑山庄和周围寺庙群不仅属于中国，它已经成为全人类共同的文化遗产。联合国教科文组织的专家称赞避暑山庄这座优秀皇家园林是“集东方哲学思想之大成”。
从园林艺术角度看，康熙在建造避暑山庄时，根据“物尽天然之趣，不烦人事之工”的原则，充分利用山庄内山峦、溪流、湖泊、平原等自然条件，因地制宜地修筑亭台楼阁，尽量保留大自然的山林野趣。宫殿区的建筑虽然严格恪守“天子身居九重”之制，但却具有北方四合院朴素简洁的特色，不用黄琉璃瓦，代以灰瓦盖顶青砖砌墙，使宫殿区的建筑与整个山庄的建筑风格相一致，显得既古朴，又淡雅。可以说，避暑山庄是我国最富有艺术特色的皇家园林，它集中了历代造园艺术的精华，形成了独特的民族风格，具有高度的艺术成就，不愧是中国古典园林的一颗灿烂明珠，是世界园林实例中的奇迹，是我们中华民族的骄傲。? ? ? Mountain Resort is in the Qing Dynasty Kang, Qian symbol.As the founder of Villa Kangxi and Qianlong, had six down the south, traversing the world the beauty of scenery.In the construction of summer resort, the homage to the long house, garden style integration of North and South China as a whole, so that the Summer Resort became the Classical Chinese Gardens summary and distillation.Experts say China's landscape, the Mountain Resort is the epitome of the motherland and beautiful land.Why do the experts say? I think this issue is, please, ladies and gentlemen come back after visiting a summer resort to answer.However, I would let everyone here, mind you, for this reason and the topography of the Mountain Resort.(Tour guides with suspense method to stimulate interest in visiting tourists)Ladies and gentlemen, to the Mountain Resort, please get off, now I will guide you to see her style.(In Korea is outside)
Ladies and gentlemen, this antique door before us is the summer resort's main entrance, called Korea the main entrance is the door out of the Qing Dynasty emperor.Kumon voluminous three, and lower layers.Lower Biyou three square openings, the upper floor there is the city station and Que.You see, among the top of the doorway there was a Dan Bian, above the Qianlong Emperor, with full, Tibetan, Han, Uygur, Mongolian five words inscribed, “Korea at the main entrance,” which symbolizes our country is a united multi-ethnic country.There are two doors on both sides of the lions to show the emperor's authority.Front of Okimichi Square, bluestone paving, all things stand a stone plaza on top with Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Chinese carved in four languages “official persons to this dismount”, so we called it dismount monument.Square has a red screen wall south to the royal garden and separated from the outside world.On the red screen wall, possession of legend inside flying from Jiguanshan Golden Rooster, in the dead of night, the tap screen wall, Rooster will send Jiji sounds.If you would like to research about which the words, please listen to the night here.Well!Today I ask you all as a back, “emperor”, go to enjoy the emperor's life.(Jin Li is inside the door)
Please see the right, the distant mountains, there's a huge stone pillars, Qingtian old, inline clouds.It is rough up, much like the clappers laundry, we who call it wooden club Chengde Mountain, Emperor Kangxi Ciming “chime hammer peak.” The construction of summer resort, the clever to King, so that inside and outside Villa seamless, expanded sense of space, creating a new artistic conception, it is Villa designers use “by the King” is a successful example of garden art.Generally, Chengde must go to the mountains touching about clappers Hill, because of Chengde popular among the phrase: “touch the clappers Hill, 130 live.” If you are interested, may wish to touch up the mountain tomorrow, must be very interesting.This piece is in front of the palace in Chengde, the Qing emperor, “office live” where people are put here for the Chengde Summer Resort Museum.(In the first exhibition room)
First thing our eyes of this chart is the summer resort full map, mountain Zhuangding Sheng Qing Dynasty during the picture map.Mountain Resort, known as the “Rehe palace”, “Summer Palace at Chengde.” It is four years from the Emperor Kangxi(1703)construction of the project, to 50 years Qianlong(1792)Finally completed last 89 years.Several of the former Qing emperor, mid-to come here almost every year Summer summer, dealing with administrative affairs, usually on an annual Lunar 4, in May to nine, returned to Beijing in October.Summer Resort in fact has become the second political center of the Qing Dynasty.Hill covers an area of 5,640,000 square meters throughout its area is about twice the Beijing Summer Palace, Beihai 8 times.Villa can be divided into the palace area and the Court scenic two parts are palace by the palace area, Songhe fast, myriad pines and the Orient House composed of four buildings.Court is divided into scenic mountains, the lakes, plain three parts.To the most extensive mountainous areas, accounting for 70% of the total area of Villa more.Villa set the essence of the country gardens in a park, and show the North with the Southern male characteristics.A total of Qing Dynasty Resort pavilion 90, the dike bridge 29, inscriptions Cliff 25, Rockery Stones more than 70 groups, house, House Church, temples, pavilions, towers and other buildings more than 120 House group, with a total floor area up to more than 100,000 square meters.Emperor Kangxi to four characters named King and Emperor Qianlong of 36 to 3 word name of the 36 most famous scene, collectively, the “Summer Villa 72 King.” Emperor Kangxi praised here is “to open the Arctic own mountains, natural scenic West Lake victory.” Villa Could it be 10 km long, because it resembles the Great Wall, Chengde our people affectionately called “Little Great Wall.” Could it be fake all ethnic groups outside the temple and built the famous Royal temple complex, the temple was surrounded by semi-circular periphery at the Heights, the formation of Zhongxinggongyue trend, a symbol of all nationalities were closely around the center in the Qing Dynasty around.As the years passed, dynasties changed, the Summer Resort have gone through the vicissitudes of life.After the founding of new China, Villa would only have a new life, now is the best preserved the country, the largest imperial garden, is the world's cultural heritage, is a famous tourist destination abroad.(To the second exhibition room)
Most pictures on display here, this magnolia is the most dramatic fall chart.Mulan is the meaning of Manchu deer whistle.Deer whistle is before dawn, the soldiers sneaked into the forest, wearing a deerskin, wearing antlers, wooden whistle blowing mouth, imitating the cry of Bucks.Autumn is the grouping of deer mating season, doe with this method leads to shooting.“" Refers to the fall hunting.This map is drawn by the Qing Xing Long A, depicts a hunting scene 200 years ago the emperor.You may wonder why the Qing emperor, led brigade troops all the way to come here to hunt it? Because the Qing emperors through customs after the Eight Banners in the history of heroic combat troops began to fall, some of them are funk, some create their own scars, sometimes people were injured, many escort, in order not to the front.Kangxi Emperor recognized that improving the quality of soldiers, to consolidate the northern frontier has become imperative.In this situation, the Kangxi Emperor personally led the Manchu soldiers, the xifengkou, north inspections, set to martial arts for the purpose of Hunting Suiyuan.Hunting the establishment of the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian, Tibetan and friendly relations between the product of close of the Mongolian, Tibetan relations and the Central Plains region, strengthening the Manchu, Mongol, Tibetan, Chinese and exchanges between peoples to consolidate the northern border, help to resist aggression and expansion of Tsarist Russia.The annual hunting for 20 days each time to the emperor personally led the government officials of various ministries and Manchu, Mongol army to participate in the Eight Banners.A large number of troops to meet the rest room and board, saving materials and the need for the emperor dealing with administrative affairs, from Beijing to the paddock to the construction of Shi Yuzuo palace.Rehe in this North patrol routes in the middle, from Beijing to here, memorial Chaofaxizhi, and here a pleasant climate, beautiful scenery, abundant aquatic plants, so Kangxi decided to build a large palace here, which is Rehe palace.In this regard, there is a word Qianlong clearly explained: ”I built the Villa in Beyond the Great Wall Huang Zu, not for his own Yu Yu, Yi Wanshi the Concluding cover it.“ History has shown that fall celebration and summer resort of the establishment, to the Kangxi Emperor, ”together inside and outside of the heart, and the consolidation of the industry“ for political ends.Now we look at this picture, it can be divided into two parts, the palace, the second is the hunting ground.Royal camp is to live and deal with the political affairs of the emperor's place;hunting grounds where the actual hunting.Hunting has a strict organization and discipline of soldiers disguised as a deer after the deer leads, non-commissioned officers were to gradually shrink the pocket, side by side to people, horses and ear level, but not easily killed.Then the emperor first came out shooting the first arrow, and then is the kings ministers, men who in turn shot and killed.The map is painted scenes of hunting deer.Please forward to me.This second door is ”read shooting,“ the emperor watched Prince Huang Sun Archery place.Hanging above the door there was a plaque that says ”Summer Villa“ four gold-filled characters, the Kangxi Emperor Yubi, this plaque exquisite, exceptionally smart.Perhaps you have found this summer resort of the ”avoid“ a cross word to write is the Kangxi Emperor was wrong, or are there other reasons?(......)Or this gentleman(Miss)say, and had two in the Qing Dynasty, ”avoid“ the word used simultaneously, no matter which versions are correct, this is a variant phenomenon.Here are the pursuit of Emperor Kangxi of calligraphy written by her hardest to become so.The two bronze lions in front of both sides, majestic.Speaking of the two bronze lions, there is still a touching legend too!According to legend, the Chinese Anti-Japanese War, Japanese troops occupied the Chengde and widespread looting.One day a group of Japanese soldiers found two bronze lions are beautiful, is priceless, wanted to take away, but the Lions too much copper, they move also could not move, so they look for tools separately.All nursing homes for elderly people to see in the eyes, pain in the heart.He would like to bronze lion is a national treasure, and never let the Japanese soldiers away.He thought quickly and immediately get pig's blood from the village, painted in the lion's eyes, and other Japanese soldiers came back to find tools found in the lion's eyes red, crying out blood and everyone was horrified, afraid of moving Lions bring them bad luck, they Huanglihuangzhang to flee, which David was able to keep still.Now it has become one of the bronze lion mascot of the eyes.If you want all the best, then, do not forget to touch it.(To Worldly Desires Keswick front of the hall)
This Miankuo 7, into the deep triple the hall called ”Worldly Desires Keswick“ house.”Worldly Desires“ word from the ”Book of Changes“: ”do not bother non-interference, Worldly Desires lose,“ Zhuge Liang in his ”book rings“, he said the ”non-Worldly Desires not to Ming-chih, a silent and to non-Zhi Yuan.“ Emperor Kangxi title ”Worldly Desires Keswick“ imply, implicitly expressed his ”prepared and thrifty“ thinking.The temple's main hall is a summer resort, is a Qing Dynasty emperor lived in the Villa deal with affairs of state and when the grand ceremonies.The main hall built with precious Phoebe, so called ”Phoebe Hall.“ When raining when Phoebe fragrance exudes continuously, refreshing.Produced in Yunnan, Guizhou and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Phoebe along the valley among the mountains, in the absence of advanced means of transport in the Qing Dynasty, these heavy timber shipped from far south to northern frontier, most of shipment or use of river water in the dry ice and road splash Results ice of winter, the wood on the ice, and pushed and pulled to rely on manpower, transportation to Chengde, the difficult is self-evident.According to historical records, in order to build this house of Phoebe, spent two silver 72000, employment 190 000.Simple and elegant hall appearance, not decorative painting, marble hall floor, the middle ground with the emperor's throne aerodromes.Throne surrounded by treasure like, end, cranes, Xiang Ting, wishful so exquisite, very beautiful shape.Behind the throne there is a rosewood screen inscribed with 163 personal things, form realistic, lifelike, as the ”Farm Farming and Weaving Changle map“ to show the emperor Powerbut always keep in mind the people.Things in the house of the Qing Dynasty that mountain wall, ”the emperor map“ is a map of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government sent people to mapping.North wall of the temple of the walls on both sides with Phoebe book format, stored, the ”integration of ancient and modern books,“ one rolls.You may ask: Worldly Desires Keswick Hall is a grand celebration of the place, so how then is it a grand? Then the south tower from the Songhe fast start with.When it was announced the grand ceremony marking the beginning or the audience, Secretary Zhongren Li boarding bell tower, bell, under 9, the Villa within the temple bell gongs, bells followed by Outer Eight Temples also have to be and.81 Ming Zhong were all kinds of sound.Basilica of the former East and West in the corresponding two Laoting musicians began to play music palace, in the harmonious tune, flute drum gongs, under all the policy in place, the emperor dignified silence, face sitting South Wei, start dealing with affairs of state was.I think your mind may have emerged out of this spectacular scene, right?
Emperor Qianlong Worldly Desires Keswick Hall also met leaders of ethnic minorities.19 years of Qianlong(1754)met with the Department of E Lu Te tribe Mongolia Duerbote three policy Ling;Qianlong 30 years(1771), in autumn, met with thousands of miles from the Volga River Basin return to the motherland Torghut Khan Ubashi line;Qianlong 40 years(in 1780)twenty-day lunar month, met with political and religious leader of Tibet's Panchen VI.If the length of the Panchen Lama said, according to historical records, met with ceremony, the Panchen first offer auspicious hada, kneeling please St.Ann.Qianlong left hand propped up the throne, speaking in Tibetan Buddhism security question: ”travel long distances and will feel hard.“ Panchen Lama replied: ”Far hundred Divine Grace, a safe journey home.“ In the past, the Dalai Lama see the emperor, not only kneeling worship, which th Panchen Lama calls for line bow ceremony to show respect for the emperor, supported dynasty, Qianlong this is quite satisfactory.August 13, Qing Emperor Qianlong of 70-year-old held a grand birthday celebration, the Qianlong to the highest standard of treatment of the Panchen Lama, two hand in hand with the throne, the common acceptance of the Mongolian princes, ministers and the retinue of foreign envoys congratulated the Panchen entourage The three major monasteries Khenpo and the Mongolian National Division Zhangjia sing praise Manuscripts.......After the ceremony, Qianlong held four large picnic for the Panchen Lama.Party is associated with sumo, acrobatics, horse racing, fireworks, music and dance style shows, colorful, thrilling and moving.VI of the eastbound Panchen Chengde, closer relations between Tibet and the Qing central government to curb the British East India Company, the infiltration of separatist activities in Tibet.Recalling the history of Worldly Desires Keswick Hall in the political arena, and has performed in over scenes of the Qing Dynasty unified country has a significant impact on a live, write one after another national unity mantra.Please bypass the corridor, in front of us is Miankuo four five-ying, known Bookstore.Ying, the pillars of the front main room.Miankuo 5 Ying is voluminous five meaning.What is a ”four-know“ mean? Han Dynasty Emperor Qianlong's not that Yang Zhen said: Officials must clean, dirty pervert the law can not be greedy, then confidentiality is no hiding things go, because ”Heaven knows, to know, you know, I know.“ Emperor Qianlong's inscription of the ”four know the phrase“ out of ”Book of Changes.“ For ”I Ching“ that ”gentlemen know micro, knowing Chang, soft knowledge, know just, 10,000 married hope.“ Emperor Qianlong would very much appreciate this, because just expressed his hardness and softness, the rule of policy incentives and penalties.Emperor towards a before and after changing here, and sometimes the minister summoned the princes and the minority leader.Long live the photo room and allocated units are now on display is the Queen's official kiln porcelain, enamel, public opinion and the Shek Kwu Queen car, please read on these rare treasures, will make your feast for the eyes of.(North to Yanbo To cool the house compound)
Here is the latter part of the palace area, called ”post-sleep“ is the Empress and concubines used to live.North Hall for the Yanbo To cool the house.Emperor Kangxi said here ”all around show Ling, miles Pinghu that causes Shuangqi“ and this title name of this temple.Out between the exquisite furnishings, splendid;West Snappers are the emperor's chambers.The so-called Snappers, is below ground with fire Road, Luo C in winter will be lit red, hot on the up, Full House are warm.At the same time the room was also placed on the fire and smoked the cage, the emperor set Jiaolu feet.Kangxi and Qianlong, Jiaqing, such as the emperor Xianfeng have lived here.Room by the north wall, floor cover in red sandalwood is the emperor's bed, Xianfeng 10 year(1861), Emperor Xianfeng died of disease in this bed.We visited the residence resembles a small hospital, occurred during the Qing Dynasty a series of major historical events.In 1860, British and French troops attacked Beijing eighth day of the eighth lunar month, Xianfeng Emperor fear foreigners, to carry the Queen Mother and Tsz, Empress 2 Queen fled to refuge in Rehe.That is, here, Xianfeng Emperor of the Qing government to sign the respective quasi-Britain, France and Russia signed the humiliating ”Beijing Treaty“ and to recognize the ”Sino-Russian Treaty of Aigun“ effective, so that our country lost a large territory and sovereignty.Xianfeng's death, Empress Xin here planning a coup, began to help him, the ruling Qing Dynasty up to 48 years, the Chinese further into the abyss of misery.Yanbo To cool the house there are two sides of a campus.Called the East by the east, when Cian Huang Xianfeng in Chengde after the shelter, now on display in the Qing Dynasty court watch.Called the West by the west, ancient Empress at the time of residence of Chengde, the year is now on display is the Empress of some household items and photos.Yunshan Palace Resort Building a positive into the final.This is an exquisite and unique two-story building, this building has no stairs features, but along the front of the rockery on Dengdao upstairs.Side towards the court room is a hanging screen and glass dish exhibitions, glorious, gorgeous, let us never tire.(Myriad Pines Bridge to Ruyi Island)
After reading the Palace Museum is, we now come to the lake, ”Hill to Hill name, is interested in defeating the water“ area is 57 ha, there are seven lakes Yajima.The Lake District rainy water, Chau scattered with one of Jiangnan Water Xiuse.You see, the right side of the lake three pavilion called ”water center pavilion,“ stands above the stone bridge, structural symmetry, bright light.This will be in front of the left ring Bi Long Beach, the middle and the right of the moon ju Island Sound Jiang link to see from above, the shape of the breakwater islands, such as Ganoderma lucidum, the emperor's name to it from Chicago Path cloud embankment.Central Bi-island built east and west adjacent to the two courtyards, each house of San Ying, the name ”Cheng Guang Room“ and ”Ring Bi.“ Bi in the Central Hall to the north near the lake where there are seat Cao Ting, the shape of bamboo hat.Kangxi years, every lunar July 15 Festival of the Dead, often held here Bon.Moon river acoustic door of the island house Kangxi title ”moon river sound.“ When the time on the Dongshan, mountains such as Dai, Ming Yin, near water, poetry please Painting, is very beautiful!House north of the door with ”static Send Shan Fang“, ”Ying Heart Church“ and other groups of buildings, Kangxi and Qianlong emperors who study here.Please follow my path goes along the dike north Chicago, right across the lake in front of the Jinshan Island.Rocky island surrounded by the lake, mood and Jiangsu Zhenjiang Jinshan very similar.Island of the main building ”House of God“ is a ritual to drive away evil and Qing emperors where the Jade Emperor.Mountain platform contains two halls.In addition, crescent-shaped ”Fang Island Pavilion,“ ”mountain climbing Gallery“ and other buildings, then the Emperor landed by boat here.We came to the lake's largest islandCanglang Island, is the imitation of Suzhou ”Canglang Pavilion“ built.Although small in size, but the hall, pavilion, springs, kiosk, gallery cleverly organized with each other for use, just right, blow people away.Film ”Intimate“ is the first set of shots taken here.(Across the board Ching Lin winding bridges Island)
Ladies and gentlemen, the face of this exquisite beauty of the building, called Yanyu Lou.This is a voluminous e-ying?, Two-story house from top to bottom, the upper and lower floor there is a veranda.Yunlong Jinbian on the second floor of the Qianlong Emperor, inscribed.Yanyu Lou and the door between the house of the square is a regular hospital, vigorous upright trees at the old pines.Xu Mizuo the audience on two stone deer copper pair.Yanyu Lou is the imitation of Yanyu Lou Jiaxing, Zhejiang built.When rainy season, rain-shrouded, CASTLE overlooking saw Yuanshanjinshui, among the best in the misty veil, like entering paradise.Floor east, ”Qingyang Random House“ is a place where the emperor practice reading the text;floor southwest of ”the mountain fast,“ facing rockery.Hexagonal pavilion built hill called the Pavilion wing.(Along the northern shore of Lake Crest by ”water goes in,“ ”Orioles Bird Tree“ Zhu Pavilion East Bound)
We now arrive at the place is famous for the Rehe spring.Fountain on the piece of stone, the words ”Rehe“ two characters.Because the warm spring, hot spring water imported upstream there, so do not freeze in winter.Especially when the surrounding snow, where the lake is steaming, in fact, wonder.(Enter the Mountain Resort plain)
Before us this piece of open plains, an area of 1000 acres, is the ”million tree garden“ and ”trial Ma Tai,“ composed of two parts.Million potential tree garden flat, luxuriant trees, reindeer come and go during the hare is a rare prairie scenery beyond the Great Wall.Ma Dai in the trial garden trees and the west side, green grass, Chi Road, such as strings, is held in the Qing Dynasty emperor to go to Hunting ”Autumn ceremony“ before selecting the place horse.(To 10 000 trees garden to the west of Wenjin Pavilion)
You see this beautiful old buildings is a collection of the Qing Dynasty famous floorVilla palace wall.It is the mountain on the situation, the winding ups and downs.You walk in the palace wall on the south is expected to magnificent beauty of the Villa, the North is expected to golden Eight Outer Temples.You see, this is exactly like the Potala Palace and the Temple of cases by the Putuo Temple, built in the palace is the Panchen Lama VIKuan Yin Bodhisattva, Thousand.......Tomorrow I will guide you to visit these temples.Now friends with cameras, according to a few more in here like, otherwise you will regret it yo!(Cars through the ”Seifu Green Island“ down the mountain, mountains tour ends)
Through this piece of flat grassland, in front of this high-rise tower called stupa, is the imitation of the Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Hangzhou and Nanjing, the temple will tower built.Directions for the nine-story tower, 67 meters high, we Chengde people call it ”Pagoda of Six Harmonies.“ North and south sides of each layer of stone eight coupons door, the door along the spiral stairs can log on to the top of the tower.Tower for Buddhist statues.Qianlong lived in the Villa, sometimes early in the morning denta bowing.Towering pagodas accompanied by green fields, magnificent, particularly noticeable.Here is a yurt resort.If you look from a distance, right into every white yurt like this group of swans landed on the green grass soft and thick.Here also built a yurt in the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi and Qianlong emperors of the imperial tent and sleeping here, welcome and entertain minority leaders and foreign diplomats.Here to tell you about a famous meeting activities: Qianlong 50 years(1792)September 29, King George II sent a special envoy to Mageerni Lord, Staunton as Fushi, the 100-member diplomatic missions, take the ”lion No.“ ships, from the port of Portsmouth, direct Tianjin, which is ”Great Britain“ and sent the first official visit to China mission.Fifty-eight Qianlong(1793)July 26, mission fleet arrived in Tianjin to Beijing in the Sept.8 arrival Rehe.Emperor Qianlong of the United Kingdom attaches great importance to visit and decided to meet in Rehe palace.September 14, is here royal tent yurt, Mageerni Minister Plenipotentiary Envoy in the Chinese translation and student boy, accompanied by the rites leading to the throne of the Qianlong emperor beside the stairs, one leg kneel Message After King submitted a letter to the Emperor Qianlong and gifts.We can know that this is not complicated an audience etiquette, or Chinese and British sides settle down for several days too!Special Envoy to the Mageerni Qianlong rebates and other gifts of the Ruyi, and let them minister with the retinue kings, princes of Mongolia together with Kyrgyzstan to the party platform, to give himself to the British wine and enjoy the view of acrobatics, drama, martial arts and other cultural programs.September 17(lunar August 13), the Qing court in Hill held a grand military parade to celebrate the birthday of Emperor Qianlong 83, Mageerni Mountain Resort has come to the Qianlong Emperor's birthday, night in the park trees and watched the grand The fireworks show.King raised in the letter sent envoys to Beijing and a series of requirements.Qian returned to Beijing, and Kun Qian Long in the Mountain Resort will be written to ”grant the English King Chi Shu“ to the Mageerni.October 7 England to take King's gift Qianlong rebate back.Mageerni hope that through direct negotiations between the highest authorities of the Qing Dynasty, China opened the door to open up the idea of Oriental trade market did not materialize.Qing Dynasty in the handling process of negotiations to maintain the prestige and dignity Wang Zhaoguo.But the British mission in a few months, China's political, military, and economic conditions have an intuitive understanding of a large number of military and political information gathering.Mageerni behavior of the Opium War in China made a theoretical preparation, so in 1840 the British the first to open China's door to their guns and cannons, from the beginning of the semi-feudal China, semi-colonial in society.Please come with me from the yurt resort south, by 10 000 trees out of Villa Park gate.(Return to the car)
Ladies and gentlemen, after you visit the Summer Resort impression? Now I would like to invite you to answer the previous question: Why is our garden experts Mountain Resort is the epitome of beautiful land motherland? In answering this question, please first talk about the summer resort of the terrain.(......)Great!This gentleman was right!Lady also said that right!Today, we have seen when visiting, Mountain Resort is the southeastern low-lying terrain, beautiful scenery, like the South;north-east flat, grasses, grassland scenery faction;northwest of the terrain Gochang, gully aspect.While all this is ”natural heaven to the situation,“ but as a general artificial polish, could be so clever and topography of our great motherland coincide Moreover many of attraction across the country were also concentrated in the Villa, miraculously, so even the garden experts They also sent a heartfelt admiration: Summer Resort is the epitome of the motherland and beautiful land.Now let us look at the Summer Resort in our history, culture and landscape position and role of the arts it!In our history, the Mountain Resort is a unified multi-ethnic country during the early consolidation and development of historical testimony.Kangxi and Qianlong period, the emperor every year about half a year or so, living in the Mountain Resort, handling affairs of state.From the Summer Resort is rich in historical connotation, it is also an ethnic and religious history museum, is a special information with the written history of the Qing Dynasty.From the cultural value, the Mountain Resort is the product of Kangxi and Qianlong.Villa in all types of construction, outstanding performance of the multi-ethnic coalition, buildings or the unified thoughts.In Hill, the Han culture, and some minority cultures, not only show their own characteristics, but also absorbed the essence of other cultures, showing a further integration of colorful landscapes, a true representation of the diverse characteristics of Chinese culture, showing a summer resort in the Qing Dynasty in the multi-ethnic culture center.Now, have stepped into the world of Chengde, Mountain Resort and around the temple complex belongs not only to China, it has become the common heritage of all mankind.UNESCO experts praise this excellent Summer Resort Royal Gardens is a ”set of Oriental Philosophy of Dacheng.“
Garden art from the perspective of Emperor Kangxi in the construction of summer resort, in accordance with the concept of ”natural the interest in the work is not annoying thing“ principle, the full use of Villa in the mountains, streams, lakes, plains and other natural conditions, local conditions, construction of pavilions pavilion, as far as possible to retain the rustic charm of nature in the mountains.Palace area of construction although strictly adhere to the ”Son of Heaven occupying Cloud Nine," the system, but it has the characteristics of the North Quadrangle plain simple, no yellow glazed tiles, on behalf of the roof with brick walls and gray tiles, so that the entire palace area of the building and Hill consistent architectural style, appears to be both simple and unsophisticated, it elegant.It can be said Mountain Resort is the artistic characteristics of China's richest royal garden, which brings together the best of ancient art of gardening, the formation of a unique national style, with a high degree of artistic achievement, is indeed a splendid classical garden in China Pearl, is the miracle of the world's garden instance, is the pride of the Chinese nation.
第三篇：趵突泉中英文对照导游词
Welcome to the beautiful city JiNan which is the capital of ShanDong Province.Now we are in the BaoTu spring park in the center of JiNan.In order to give you a general impression, let me make a brief introduction of the park.The park is located in the downtown area of the city, with Mt.Thousand Buddha to the south, Quancheng Square to the east, and Daming Lake to the north.There are altogether 34 springs in the park.Of course the main and most beautiful one is the Baotuquan Spring, which you will be watching in a moment.The park has two main gates, the east gate and the south gate.Today we’ll enter from the south gate.Ok, this way please.Ladies and gentlemen, here we are in front of the south gate.The south gate of the park is at the middle of Luoyuan Avenue.It was built in 1995.With its unique outline integrating both traditional and local traits, it is claimed to be the number one gate of Chinese gardens.Isn’t it splendid!Shall we go in.Just in front of us is the most famous spring, Baotuquan.It was called Luoshui in ancient time and got its present name form the Song Dynasty.It has a long history and has been the source of the Luo River.The three major springs gush simultaneously from underground with thundering sound, which are described as fountains constantly pumping water.The pool of the water is 30 meters long and 20 meters wide.The spring water keeps its temperature around 18 degrees centigrade all year round.With clear deep water in the spring pool on one side visitors feel as if they were in a fairyland on earth.Many writers, philosophers and poets left poems and verses in praise of the wonderful scene.Look, that pavilion on the west side of the pool is called the Billow Observation Pavilion.It was built in the fifth year of Tianshun emperor of the Qing Dynasty(1461).There are stone tables and benches in it so that visitors can enjoy the scene while relaxing.Embedded on the west wall of the pavilion is the writing of billow observation by a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty.The stone inscription of No.1 Spring was written by Wang Zhonglin, a famous calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty.Baotuquan Spring carved on a monument to the west of the pavilion was left by Hu Zanzong, governor of Shandong during the Qing Dynasty.On the north bank of the east pool at waterside is the renowned Penglai Tea House, which was visited respectively by Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong, who sat here by the window and enjoyed the colorful charms of the springs over a cup of fragrant tea.A common saying goes that if you don't drink the spring water when you come to JiNan.It is a pity!Now lets have a taste.En Wonderful!欢迎来到美丽的城市济南是山东省的省会。现在我们在其间公园在济南的中心。为了给你一个总体印象,让我做一个简短的介绍公园的。公园位于城市的市区,太千佛南,泉城广场东边,大明湖畔。在公园里共有34个泉。当然最主要和最漂亮的一个是Baotuquan泉,你会看一会儿。公园里有两个大门,东门和南门。今天我们将从南门进入。好的,这边请。
女士们,先生们,我们在南门口前面。公园的南门的中间罗源大道。它建于1995年。以其独特的轮廓整合传统和地方特征,据称是中国园林的一号门。不是很精彩!我们去。
在我们面前的是最著名的春天,Baotuquan。它在古代被称为泺水,目前名字形成了宋朝。它历史悠久,是漯河的来源。三大泉喷同时用雷鸣般的声音从地下着,它被描述为喷泉不断抽水。游泳池的水是长30米,宽20米。泉水一年四季保持其温度18摄氏度左右。明确深水春池一侧游客觉得他们在人间仙境。许多作家、哲学家和诗人赞美诗歌和诗歌的美妙的场景。瞧,那亭西侧的池被称为浪观察馆。它建于天顺第五年的清朝皇帝(1461)。有石头桌子和长凳,使游客可以享受现场而放松。嵌入式的西墙馆是翻腾的写作观察由清代书法家。王的碑刻第一弹簧是由彭仲林清朝著名书法家。Baotuquan泉刻在纪念碑西馆是留胡缵宗写下的,在清代山东州长。在水边的北岸东池是著名的蓬莱茶馆,分别参观了由皇帝康熙和乾隆,坐在这里的窗口和享受丰富多彩的魅力温泉一杯香茶。
一种常见的谚语说,如果你不来济南时喝泉水。这是一个遗憾!现在让我们来尝一尝。恩太好了!
第四篇：故宫导游词-中英文对照
故宫导游解说词
------------------
女士们、先生们：
今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，顾名思义，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。
故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊！
紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年（1406）开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢？据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。
故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化（今高青县）的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。
我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。
关于“推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。（进午门后金水桥前）
现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。
故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。
（在太和门前）
故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。
故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称“天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢？它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。
（经过太和门之后）
女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。
太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。
明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。
这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大 缸，是做什么用的呢？在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。
清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了！”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国2000多年的封建统治。
（在太和殿的石台上）
这是铜香炉，是皇帝举行典礼时焚烧檀香用的。这里一共有18座，代表清朝18个省。殿外左右安放四个铜缸，象征”金瓯无缺“，作为贮水防火之用。台基东西两侧各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟，是长寿的象征。这个由铅铸造成的器具叫嘉量，嘉量是当时量的标准器，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤,谁八两，心中自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的器具叫做日晷，是古代的测时仪。皇帝的意思是：量和时的基准都在自己手里。
太和殿正面有12根圆红柱，东西约63米，南北进深约37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三层五出，殿前后有金扉40个，金锁窗16个，整个大殿雕梁画栋，豪华富丽。殿内中央设有2米高的平台，上面摆放着雕有9条金龙的楠木宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案，左右有对称的宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈列品。象驮宝瓶，内装五谷，象征太平景象、五谷丰登。角端是我国古代神话传说中的一种神兽，可“日行一万八千里”，通晓四方语言，只有明君，它才捧书而至，护驾身旁。
太和殿也叫金銮殿，为什么这么叫呢？因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。金砖墁地平整如镜，光滑细腻，像是洒了一层水，发着幽暗的光。那么金砖真的含金吗？其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖，工艺考究，复杂，专为皇宫而制，敲起来有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。烧这种砖，每一块相当于一石大米的价钱，可见金砖虽不含金，但也确实贵重。
殿内共有72根大主柱，支撑其全部重量，其中6根雕龙金柱，沥粉贴金，围绕着宝座周围。在殿中央有一藻井，是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来，为中国古代建筑的特色之一。主要设置在“尊贵”的建筑物上，有“神圣”之意。在藻井中央部位，有一浮雕蟠龙，口衔一球（球为铜胎中空，外涂水银），此球叫轩辕镜，传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造的，悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起，构成游龙戏珠的形式，悬于帝王宝座上方，以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的子孙，是黄帝正统继承者。它使殿堂富丽堂皇，雍容华贵。镜下正好对着宝座，据说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死，故将宝座向后挪到现在的位置。关于龙椅，这里面有段故事。1916年（民国五年）袁世凯登基时，把原来的宝座搬走了，换了一把西式高背大椅，上饰他自己设计的帝国徽号。据说他的腿短，因而将椅座降低。新中国成立后，为了寻找那把龙椅，根据过去的一张照片，在破家具库找到了一把破椅，经专家鉴定，这椅子就是皇帝宝座，后经修复展出。
（带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处）
古人把陈设在殿堂皇屋宇前的大缸，称为“门海”，门海者，盖“门前大海”之意，古人相信，门前有大海，就不怕闹火灾。因此，大缸又称为吉祥缸。它既是陈设品，又是消防器材。在科学不民达的古代，宫中没有自来水，更没有消防器材。因此，缸内必须长年储满水以备不虞。
清代时，共有308口大缸，按其质量分类三种，即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸，其中最珍贵的是鎏金铜 缸。然而这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵略者刺刀刮体的厄运。侵略者是谁？是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。为了镇压中国人民反帝的义和团运动，1900年的8月13日至8月15日，八国联军攻陷北京，进占紫禁城。救死扶伤和军官们烧、杀、抢、掠，从宫中及颐和园等处动掠夺的文物在各侵略国使馆区堆积如山，至今仍有大量文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。这一切包括眼前这口缸上的道道刮痕都已成为帝国主义侵略中国的铁证。是伪统治时期，大缸被拉出宫门，装上日本侵略军的卡车，用去制作子弹，再反过来屠杀我国人民。
（中和殿前）
眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。皇帝举行大典前，先到此暂坐休息，会见一些官员。皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家坛举行亲耕仪式，前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。这里现在陈列的是乾隆年间的两面三刀顶肩舆，即八抬大轿
城角
故宫的四个城角，每一个角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，建造的可好看了。这四座角搂是怎么盖的呢？北京有这么个传说——
明朝的燕王朱隶在南京做了永乐皇帝以后，因为北京是他做王爷时候的老地方，就想迁都北京，于是就派了亲信大臣到北京盖皇官。朱隶告诉这个大臣：要在皇宫外墙——紫禁城的四个犄角上，盖四座样子特别美丽的角楼，每座角楼要有九梁十八柱、七十二条脊。并且说：“你就做这个管工大臣吧，如果修盖的不好是要杀头的！”管工大臣领了皇帝的谕旨后，心里非常发愁，不知如何盖这九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的角楼。
管工大臣到了北京以后，就把八十一家大包工木厂的工头、木匠们都叫来，跟他们说了皇帝的旨意，限期三个月，叫他们一定要按期盖成这四座怪样子的角楼，并且说：“如果盖不成，皇帝自然要杀我的头，可是在没杀我的头之前，我就先把你们的头砍了，所以当心你们的脑袋。”工头和木匠们对这样的工程都没把握，只好常常在一块琢磨法子。
三个月的期限是很短的，一转眼就是一个月了，工头和木匠们还没想出一点头绪、一点办法来，他们做了许多样型，都不合适。这时候，正赶上六七月的三伏天气，热得人都喘不上气来，加上心里烦闷，工头和木匠们真是坐也不合适，躺也不合适。有这么一位木匠师傅，实在呆不住了，就上大街闲遛去了。
走着走着，听见老远传来一片蝈蝈的吵叫声，接着、又听见一声吆喝：“买蝈蝈，听叫去，睡不着，解闷儿去！”走近一看，是一个老头儿挑着许多大大小小秫秸编的蝈蝈笼子，在沿街叫卖。其中有一个细秫秸棍插的蝈蝈笼子，精巧得跟画里的一座楼阁一样，里头装着几只蝈蝈，木匠师傅想：反正是烦心的事，该死的活不了，买个好看的笼子，看着也有趣儿，于是就买下了。
这个木匠提着蝈蝈笼子，回到了工地。大伙儿一看就吵嚷起来了：“人们都心里怪烦的，你怎么买一笼子蝈蝈来，成心吵人是怎么着？”木匠笑着说：“大家睡不着解个闷儿吧，你们瞧„„”他原想说你们瞧这个笼子多么好看呀！可是他还没说出嘴来，就觉得这笼子有点特别。他急忙摆着手说：“你们先别吵吵嚷嚷的，让我数数再说。“他把蝈蝈笼子的梁啊、柱啊、脊呀细细地数了一遍又一遍，大伙被他这一数，也吸引得留了神，静静地直着眼睛看着，一点声音也没有。
木匠数完了蝈蝈笼子，蹦起来一拍大腿说：“这不正是九梁十八柱七十二条脊么？”大伙一听都高兴了，这个接过笼子数数，那个也接过笼子数数，都说：“真是九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的楼阁啊，”
大伙儿受这个笼子的启发，琢磨出了紫禁城角楼的样子，烫出纸浆做出样型，最后修成了到现在还存在的角搂。北京-故宫英文导游词 The Fobidden City FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)
(In front of the meridian gate)
This is the palace museum;also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne.In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng(Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term ‖an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass.Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments.The word jin(forbidden)is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate)to the west ,the Donghua(Eastern Flowery Gate)to the east.Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province.Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate.It is the main entrance to the forbidden City.It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower).Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties.They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon)to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time.Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies.For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)
now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us.To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing.The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis.Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line.The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count.In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony.The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity.The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity.The other one is a female.Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession.The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River.It functions both as decoration and fire control.The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity.The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow.This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity.The ―three big halls‖ of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua(Prominent Scholars)and Wuying(Brave Warriors).The three great halls are built on a spacious ―H‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures.The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China.From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns.In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs.Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived.There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden.An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court.The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades.Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns.With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City.Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room.It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion(imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where ―Si Ku Quan Shu‖-China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City.This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves.The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple ―H‖-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406.It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny.The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles.These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits.There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall.The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here.The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war.On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur.In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace.In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats.In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing.Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness.Imagine the following scene.Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland.Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall.When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played.Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne.At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared.He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,‖I don’t want to stay here."
第五篇：桂林中英文对照的导游词
桂林
Welcome to guilin！My name is xijingjing, and I’m very glad to be your local guide for today’s visition.Now , I’d like to give you a brief introduction of the guilin，guilin isfamous as tourist city in the world , attracting a greatnumber of tourists who are from all over the word.With the increasing number of tourists ,the construction of tourist service facilities have beendeveloped rapidly in GuiLin.Nowadeys ,there are over 20 air routes thatcan reachHong Kong and the othermajor domestic tourist cities.现在，桂林已经成为一个世界的重点旅游城市，每年都吸引大量的中外旅游者前来游览，随着游客的不断增多，桂林市的旅游服务设施建设也在迅速的发展。现在已有20多条空中航线可直接飞香港和国内的各个主要的旅游城市。
Guilin is a renowned historical and cultural city with 2000 years of history and a famous tourist city.GuiLin have a great number of ancient cultural relics, for example ,the han tombs in yanshang mountains ,the ancient pagoda of the tang dynasty , sculptures on the precipices of west mountains in tang dynasty,the ruin of dahe kiln of the song dynasty ,huaqiao ,tombs of king jinjiang of the ming dynasty ,the city wall of the ming dynasty ,and so on.桂林具有两千年的历史文化名城，著名的旅游城市，桂林有着众多的古文化遗迹，如雁山汉墓群、唐代的木龙古塔、唐代的西山摩崖造像、宋代的大河窑址、花桥、明代的靖江王墓群。明代的王城等
GuiLin locate in the Limestone karst landscape ,therefor guilin is not only surrounded by the stone in the urban area ,but also is surrounded bythe weird shaped stonein the center city.It is surprised to everyone.There are many famous scenic spots.For example ,Trunk mountain, Diecai mountain, Seven Star rocks, and Fubo mountain ,and so on.桂林处在石灰岩岩溶地貌，所以不仅城区周围峰石环绕，即使市区也是奇峰耸立，令人称绝，独秀峰。象鼻山、伏波山、七星岩、芦笛岩等都以成为特色的旅游景点。
There is much characteristic food in Guilin.Nowadays , Sichuan Food and Cantonese cuisine are vary popular.From splendid restaurants to local snacks, tourists who are from around the world can find that your need is met beyond your expectations.The most popular local snacks including Guilin rice noodles(mifen), nun noodles, chestnut glutinous rice dumplings(banli zong), stewed duck with gingko, lotus-leaf duck and stewed duck with ginger.桂林包括许多地区特色食品。近年来，四川菜和广东成为最受欢迎的。从华丽的餐厅，小吃，来自世界各地的游客一定会发现，你需要的是 遇到超出您的期望。最受欢迎的地方小吃 包括桂林米粉（蜜粉），尼姑面，板栗粽子（半粒宗），白果炖老鸭，鸭和鸭烧生姜莲花叶。
米粉Rice noodles 扣肉Braised pork啤酒鱼Beer fish
桂林人口有125万，其中包括汉、壮、苗、瑶等11个民族，在桂林我们可以体验各种民族风情。
Guilin has a population of 1250000, including the Han , Zhuang, Miao, Yao , and other 11 ethnic groups,.InGuilin we can experience a variety of folk customs.That is all.thank you.i hope everyone has a good trip.
点击咨询 