四级翻译孝道[范文]

第一篇：四级翻译孝道[范文]

中国传统认为孝顺(filial piety)是我们在父母有生之年应该一直秉承的、最 重要的美德。成为孝子是任何一个中国人首要的责任，这意味着要尽可能完全服 从父母，关怀父母，不惜任何代价满足他们的需求。中国传统认为孝顺还有一些 其他特征，如父母过世后，长子需要一手操办葬礼；儿子必须确保家里的香火(family line)得以延续。

According to Chinese tradition，filial piety is the most important virtue to be cherished throughout one's parents' lifespan.Being a filial child is the uppermost duty of any Chinese and it means showing complete obedience to parents，taking care of them，and meeting their demands at any cost as possible as one can.Chinese tradition takes a view that filial piety has some other features, too.For example，the eldest son is required to perform all the rituals after the death of his parents;the son has to ensure that the family line will continue.1.中国传统认为孝顺是我们在父母有生之年应该一直秉承的、最重要的美德: “中国传统认为”可译为状语According to Chinese tradition;“在父母有生之年”即“在父母的一生中”，可译为throughout one's parents' lifespan;秉承„的美德”意为“视„为美德”，这里的“视”含有“珍视”的意思，故可译为cherish;“美德”可译为virtue;整句可译为 According to Chinese tradition, filial piety is the most important virtue to be cherished throughout one's parents' lifespan.2.成为孝子是任何一个中国人首要的责任，这意味着要尽可能完全服从父母, 关怀父母，不惜任何代价满足他们的需求:此句可译为一个并列句，用动名词短语作主语，即being a filial child;其中“完全服从”可译为 complete obedience； “关怀父母”可译为take care of them;“不惜任何代价”可译为at any cost； “满足他们的需求”可译为meet their demands。

3.如父母过世后，长子需要一手操办葬礼:“需要”可译为be required to;“一手操办”可译为perform all the rituals，因本句有“父母过世后”这句话，故“葬礼” 可以省去不译。

4.儿子必须确保家里的香火得以延续:“确保”可译为make sure或ensure;“家里的香火得以延续”是具有中国特色的表达，可以意译，意思是“家族血脉要继 续' 可译为the fkmily line will continue。

第二篇：四级翻译

四级翻译

中秋节为每年的农历(lunar calendar)八月十五，是中国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。这一天是家人团聚的日子，月亮是中秋节庆祝的主题。全家人聚在一起品尝美味的月饼，观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。中秋节也被认为是一个丰收的节日，因为秋季是收获的季节，各种水果、蔬菜和粮食作物都在此时成熟。许多动人的传说也与中秋节有关，如“嫦娥奔月”(Chang'e's flight to the moon)。

Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, Mid-Autumn Festival is an important traditional festival in China, next only to Spring Festival.It is a day of family reunion.The moon is the theme of celebrations.Family members get together to taste delicious moon cakes and enjoy the full moon-a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Mid-Autumn Festival is also considered as a harvest festival, because autumn is a season of harvest when various fruits, vegetables and crops are ripe.Many touching legends are also associated with Mid-Autumn Festival, such as “Chang'e's flight to the moon”.

第三篇：四级翻译

Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷一）

红色

在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。

2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷二）

在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。

要点1：黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色yellow is an important color, 相信这句大家都能译的出来，不过要注意：“黄颜色”不需要写yellow color，因为yellow本来就是黄色。要点2：它具有独特的象征意义which carries a unique symbolic meaning.要点3：它象征着统治者的权利和权威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此处，统治者可以接受的译法还有：governor, dominator都是可以的。象征还可以写成symbolize,represent.要点4：皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色royal palaces were painted with yellow.皇家宫殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黄袍imperial robes.要点5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止还可以用：ban, forbid.要点6：秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄When crops are ripe in Fall, the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷三）

白色

随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。

参考范文：

William Pu

Sunday，December 18, 2016

1、模拟题

上个世纪90年代以来，气候问题日渐被世人关注并演化成为一个全球政治议题。20年的气候谈判展现出气候政治博弈的复杂局面，利益主体的分化和博弈主题的扩展造成了气候政治合作这一全球性难题。在这样的背景下，我国应当做出如下战略选择加以应对：一是掌握主动，坚持低碳发展；二是积极应对，争取话语优势；三是广泛参与，改造游戏规则。

参考译文

Since the 1990's, climate problems have become a global concern as a topic on the world political agenda.Climate negotiations in the past 20 years have ended in a complicated situation of political game on climate, and the differentiation of the interest subjects and the extension of the theme of the game have become a global dilemma in the political cooperation on climate.Under such circumstances, China should respond with the following strategic choices: 1.taking the initiative in our own hands and sticking to low-carbon emission development;2.making active responses and striving for a bigger say;and 3.taking an extensive participation, and trying to reform the game rule

2、徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。

Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole country.When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books.Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors.In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat.Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills.In order to learn the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous roads and lonely woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights.3、一档在国内异常火爆的电视比赛节目，引发了不少人的焦虑——大家书写汉字的能力正在不断衰退。

电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，致使很多年轻人都拿起了笔却写不来字。若不借助电子产品的提醒，不少人连常用的那一万多个汉字都会想不起该怎么写。

复杂的汉字书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝，而这一体系正不可避免地面临着退化的命运。参考译文：

A televised contest that has become hugely popular in China has led to nationwide hand-wringing over the population’s increasing inability to write Chinese characters.The rapid rise of computers and smartphones has left most young people barely able to write by hand, with many unable to recall the estimated 10,000 characters used in daily life without an electronic prompt.The country’s complex writing system, a highly prized treasure of its ancient culture, is entering an inexorable decline.4、从10月1日起，中国“草根英雄”（也称“感动2013人物”）第三季度网络人物评选正式启动。

评选活动由新华社发起并主办。网友可以通过网站、微博和手机应用三种方式为心中最爱的“草根英雄”投票。

评选将从20位候选人中选出10位主要事迹在道德和社会领域引起过广泛关注的网络人物。

陕西省28年治沙73000公顷“逐梦大漠”的牛玉琴，即是候选人之一。参考译文：

Online voting kicked off on October 1st to select China’s grassroots heroes or “Good Samaritans” for the third quarter of 2013.Initiated and sponsored by Xinhua News Agency, netizens can vote for their favorites online or via microblogs and mobile applications.A total of 10 individuals will be selected from 20 candidates known for actions that have drawn attention to moral and societal issues.Shaanxi Province’s Niu Yuqin, who over the last 28 years has planted over 73,000 hectares of trees to control desertification, is among the candidates.5、在中国，喝茶是一种仪式（ritual），一种精致的品味（refined taste）的展示。人们在饮茶的同时，也领略品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人最流行的打发时间的方式。过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆而开始一天的生活。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻货就政治话题进行激烈的辩论。

参考译文：

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste.While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself.Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese.In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse.Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs.People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have intensive debates on political matters.6、旅游业是近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越多的注意。许多人给报纸写信，就促进中国旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。

参考译文：

Tourism, a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public.Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China.It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology.Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause.7、意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗(Marco Pole)曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步(stroll)街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。

参考译文：

The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise;OnEarth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake.As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products.8、目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧!否则，地球将毁灭在人类手 中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。

参考译文：

At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful.Protection of wild life is protection of man himself.So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal.Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and

leave more wild life for future generations.Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.9、农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。此时，大人们吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着灯笼尽情玩耍。中秋节最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。后来，月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了它神话色彩。此后，每年中秋月圆之时，人们向月宫仙女嫦娥祈福的传说便流传开来。

参考译文：

“Zhong Qiu Jie”, which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.It is a time for family members and loved ones to get together and enjoy the full moon-a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their lanterns.“Zhong Qiu Jie” probably began as a harvest festival.The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom people would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.10、端午节，又称为五五节，因为端午节是在农历的五月五日，它是中国重要的节庆之一。这个节日是为了纪念楚国(the Chu Emperor)的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷(court)的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。后来大家把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐渐演变成赛龙舟和吃粽子(一种包在竹叶中的米食)的传统。

参考译文：

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar.It is one of the most important Chinese festivals.The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river.Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him.Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice on the water.Over the years, the story of Qu’s demise transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi – a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.11、春节是中国最重要的节日，也是大家所熟悉的中国新年。对于中国人来说，这个节日的重要性如同圣诞节对于西方人。具体的节庆日期是由农历（lunar calendar）而不是由公历（Gregorian calendar）决定的。所以，春节的节庆日期一般在元月下旬与二月上旬之间。新年的准备活动自腊月底（农历年底）开始，人们忙于扫尘，还清债务，理发，置新衣。人们也会在家中或到庙里烧香（burn incense）祭祖，祈求老天爷保佑平安。

译文：The most important holiday in China is the Spring Festival, which is also known as the Chinese New Year.To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to the westerners.The date for this annual celebration is determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies form late January to early February.Preparations for the New Year begin on the final days of the last lunar month when most families clean their homes, pay their debts, have their hair cut and buy new clothes.People also burn incense at home or in the temples to pay respect to their ancestors and to pray to the God for a happy life in the coming year.

12、原文：中国日益扩大的国际接触对其进步一直是至关重要的。中国能够在已取得的经济成功的基础上进一步发展，关键是它进入了世界市场。让我们看几个统计数字。1979年以来，外贸占中国国民生产总值（Gross National Product/GNP）的比重从10%上升到45%。融入世界市场已成为中国经济生活的一个基本事实。继之而来的是融入世界投资体系。外国资金大量流入中国，外资存量（reserve of foreign funds）从1989年的50亿美元上升到1994年的近900亿美元。

译文：China’s growing international engagement has been vital to her progress.The key to sustaining and building on early economic success was China’s move into the world markets.Let’s consider a couple of statistics.Since 1979 foreign trade, as a share of China’s GNP has risen from 10% to 45%.Integration in the world markets became a bare fact of Chinese economic life.With that came integration into the world investment system.Foreign funds flowed into China in a spectacular way.The reserve of foreign funds grew form ＄ 5 billion in 1989 to nearly 90 billion by 1994.

13、我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）难点注释：

1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its length and breadth

4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas 参考译文：

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe.In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.14、一周七天不间断的学习，这些学生的生活的每一分钟都在为高考准备，因为高考决定了他们的命运。对于那些来自贫困或者农村家庭的孩子们来说，在这场考试中好好表现，毫无置疑是他们爬上社会阶梯并成功的唯一的方法。竞争是激烈的，大部分的高中生最后不得不被分配到职业学校去。（128字）

每一分钟都在为高考准备are regimented(严格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for 不得不被分配到be relegated（归入，把降低到）to 参考译文：

Studying seven days a week, the students’ lives are regimented(严格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for the end-of-year exam that can determine their fate.For many students from poor or rural backgrounds, a strong performance on the test is the only way to climb the social ladder and excel without connections.Competition is fierce and the majority of high school seniors will be relegated（归入，把降低到）to vocational schools.

15、污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种兵贵神速。

参考译文：

Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2)Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.3)Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4)The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5)This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6)The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7)Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.16、现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。

参考译文：

College students now bear heavy academic pressure.2)You will find them—except seniors who are beginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campus organizations too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.3)In short they have become nothing but a robot.4)They are under pressure to do too much work in too little time.5)If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feel guilty.6)The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night.7)They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.8)The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health.17、新年春节刚过，农村的破旧小车站就挤满了成千上万的农民。他们只有一个目的，到城市去。八十年代处，农村的改革，使得千千万万的农民从土地上解放了出来，纷纷跑到城市找工作。自那以后，这种大规模的民工潮一直使城市感到头痛。这不仅是因为对城市设施造成了极大的压力，而且他们担心会引发许多社会矛盾。所以外来民工往往补被看成二等公民，不能成为城市居民，孩子不能在城市读书。但是另一方面，城市和经济开发区的发展急切需要大批劳力到工厂和建设工地。而且政府也感到如果不让农民出来。而农民的不满加剧，会导致社会**。

参考译文“

Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railway stations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the cities.3,4)Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on infrastructure.5)Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6)As a result they have treated the migrants as second-class citizens.6)For instance workers form the rural heartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city schools.7)But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can get.8,9)And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a building-up resentment that might fuel social unrest.

18、不同的人对退休持不同的态度。有些人认为退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找事干来发挥自己的于热，以继续得到收入。另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放松拉紧的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级虑。就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画画图、种种花、周游各地。总的来说，没有像男的一样感到可怕。

参考译文：

Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2)Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3)but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4)Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5)Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6)Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7)As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream such as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8)On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9)Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.19、当我们从全球的角度来看环境问题时，首先注意的是环境问题引起人们的各种担心。发达国家担心的是大气和水的污染，能源的紧张，城市对农村面积的不断蚕食。发展中国家最担心的是营养不良，人口增长，水源不足，缺少教育和就业机会。

参考译文：

When we examine environmental problems in a global context the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evode.2, 3)Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and jobs.20、这次长江流域的水灾是44年来最严重的。官方的数字表明已有2000多人死亡，1380万人被迫离开家园。占中国总耕地面积3%的450万公顷的农作物被毁。工厂被迫停工，产量受到影响。客运的货运也被迫中断。在未来的许多岁月里，人民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响。尽管损失如此严重，举国上下，展民与洪水的斗争是非常值得称赞的。在抗洪斗争中，中国人民显示了令人叹服的守堤防洪的能力，例如这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。事实上，差不多有数百万平民百姓参加了这一人类巨大的斗争。

参考译文：

The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 years.2)Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their jhomes.3)Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares.3 percent of China’s total cropland.4)Industrial output has suffered as factories have had to shut.5)The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted.6)The overall effect on China’s economy will be felt for many months.7/8)Despite the serious damage China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoring up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding.9)For example 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded.10)Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.

第四篇：四级翻译

Confucius）是春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受《论语》的影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。

As a great thinker,educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life storywere recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced allthinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could trulyunderstand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinesewithout this book.NO.2 大约在两千多年前，中国就出现了蜡染（wax printing）。在中国服饰中，蜡染是一种流传时间长、流行范围大、使用领域广的服装工艺。蜡染是在布匹着色的过程中，以蜂蜡（beeswax）作为防止染色的材料。蜂蜡干了之后，会产生一些裂纹，这些裂纹在染色过程中渗透进靛蓝色，于是形成了如冰花式样的美妙纹理。这样自然天成的纹理可以说是蜡染的灵魂所在。

Wax printingappeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been awidespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeingprocess, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the processof dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.NO.3 景泰蓝（cloisonné）是驰名中外的传统工艺，它集青铜艺术、瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧于一身，是一门地道的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。这项工艺始创于明代景泰年间，初创时的颜色主要是蓝色，故得名“景泰蓝”。到了成化年间，景泰蓝技术进一步成熟，这个时期的作品沉稳凝重又透明灵动，而且铜胎也极为讲究。

Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outsideChina.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combinesthe skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.Itis deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments fordaily use.The making of cloisonné first appearedduring the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used beingblue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, thetechniques for making cloisonné were further

lacking ineloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.NO.4 西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初建于春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规模在宋代之前就已经形成，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。

Xitang is located inJiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small insize, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during theSpring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.Thepresent layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famousWangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song Dynasty.By the Ming and QingDynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade center for farm products, silksand ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout thecountry.NO.5 秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。

The Yangko dance isa traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northernprovinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and theirmovements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Yearand the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongsthey swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter howcold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in NortheastChina have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancersenjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.NO.6 中国的青铜器时代（Bronze Age）从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的青铜文明。这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。The Bronze Age inChina lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the

numbers of unearthedartifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artisticvalue.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is nowpreserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years agoduring the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.NO.7 1911 年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代——清朝，废除了中国延续了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国——中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的辫子（queues），选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280 多年的辫子法令终于被解除。

In 1911, the firstbourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinesefeudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had ahistory of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, thefirst democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation,the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off theirqueues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue orderthat had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.NO.8 出现在中国五代时期的妇女缠足（foot-binding），虽然最初是宫廷舞女为了方便跳舞而采用的一种行为，但由于有人认为脚裹起来更好看，所有很多人就开始效仿起来。到了宋代，封建社会的纲常思想非常严重，受到男尊女卑的封建礼教的影响，女子裹脚的风气被传承下来，并逐渐成为一种习俗。为了与妇女的小脚相适应，宋代还出现了专门为裹足妇女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

The practice offoot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, itwas only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Sincepeople thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.Bythe Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts andinfluence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice offoot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meetthe needs of women’s small feet, a kind of speciallydesigned shoes gongxie was made.NO.9 据中国古代史书记载，治水有功的大禹通过禅让制接替舜成为部落联盟首领。但大禹死后，他的儿子夏启却破坏禅让的传统，自立为国王，建立了中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家——夏。从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。夏代处在中国社会从原始社

会向奴隶社会过渡的时期，社会生活的各个方面依然保存着原始社会的种种痕迹。According to theChinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed overhis leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling theflood of the Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breachedthe tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the firstslavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditarysystem had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The XiaDynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time,all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.NO.10 北京烤鸭是自封建帝王时代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被认为是中国的一道国菜。这道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及厨师们在客人面前片鸭子的真实情形而著称。专门用于制作烤鸭的鸭子在养殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鸭子在烤制前要先用调料腌制（season），然后才送进焖炉或者挂炉.鸭肉通常配上葱（scallion）、黄瓜和甜面酱，用薄饼卷着食用。Peking duck is afamous dish that has been popular since the imperial erain Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prizedfor the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced infront of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish areslaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hungoven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweetbean sauce.收起

As is shown in the graph… 如图所示…

The graph shows that… 图表显示…

As can be seen from the table,… 从表格中可以看出…

From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中,我们可知…

All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即…

The increase of ….In the city has reached to 20%.….在这个城市的增长已达到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,这个数字保持不变.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况

一.开头段常用提出现象句型

1.Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.如今，在日常生活中，越来越多…被广泛…

2.In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年来，…受到越来越多…的欢迎

3.Recent years have been a boom in…

近年来，出现了迅速增长。

4.Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出现了许多…

5.Nowadays,…has become a very common matter in…

如今，…已经成为在…的常见现象。

6.Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出现了上升趋势。

7.Recently…has aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.最近，…引起了广泛关注/受到了人们的关注。

8.Most of us may have such experience that…

我们当中许多人可能都有…这种经历。

二.开头段常用引出他人观点的句型

9.In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

针对…现象，有人说…

10.When asked about…most people say…

当被问到…，大多数人认为…

11.When it comes to…, some people think…

关于…,有人认为…

12.Now, it is widely believed that…

现在，许多人认为…

三.开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型

13.There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社会上出现了关于…的争论。有些人认为…另一些人则声称…

14.When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.当谈及…时，有相当一部分人认为…然而，另一些人则有不同的想法。

15.People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

当谈及…时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为…另有人认为…

四.开头段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…点在…,当我正…的时候，我看见…

17.It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.…有许多有点/好处。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.正如许多事物一样，…也是既有优点又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…会为…造成不好的影响。

21.…may give rise to/result in a number of problems.…会导致一系列的问题。

六.中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型

22.Why…? Three factors can explain this.First… Second…Third…

为什么…?有三个因素可以解释。首先，…其次…，第三…

23.As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就导致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中间/结尾段常用引出解决方法句型

24.How to…? The key words are as follows.To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?关键措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25.Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虚拟语气)

如果我们掌握了以下处理…的方法，如此的…可能不会…第一个方法是…第二个方法是…第三个方法是…

八.结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型

26.As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我个人而言，我支持…

27.As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。

28.For my part, I am on the side of…

对我来所，我站在…那边。

29.As I see it, …

就我看来，…

30.From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.图表作文开头段常用引出总体趋势的句型

31.As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

从图表可见，自…以来，…出现了极大的增长。

第五篇：四级翻译

在中国，农历九月九日为传统的重阳节。九九重阳因为与“久久”同音，有长久长寿的含意，况且秋季也是一年收获的黄金季节，重阳佳节，寓意深远。在1989年，我国把每年的九月九日定为老人节，这是传统与现代的巧妙结合，使传统的重阳节成为尊老、敬老、爱老、助老的老年人的节日。在重阳节这一天不少家庭的晚辈会陪伴年老的长辈到郊外活动或为老人准备一些可口的饮食。

The Double Ninth Festival comes on September the ninth on the lunar calendar in China.The traditional festival sounds like “everlasting” in Chinese and thus implies a long life.What’s more, autumn is a golden season for harvest, which renders the festival meaningful.In 1989, September the ninth was designated as the day for the old in China, which is a tactful combination of traditional and modern practice, and becomes a festival for respecting, loving and helping the old.In the festival the younger generation of many families will accompany the elder on the trip to the suburb or prepare some delicious food for them.看到涂红画绿的脸谱（facial painting），你一定会想到戏曲。脸谱是中国戏曲艺术的重要组成部分，也是中华传统文化的瑰宝。京剧脸谱，是具有中华民族特色的一种的化妆方法。在京剧中每个历史人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。京剧脸谱与角色的性格有关：红色表示忠勇正义；黑色表示刚烈正直；蓝色表示桀骜不驯的人；白色象征阴险狡诈的人。

2014年6月四级翻译预测参考范文：

You are sure to associate the colorful facial painting with Chinese operas when you lay eyes on it.As an important part of the art of Chinese operas, the facial painting is also what is treasured in Chinese traditional culture.Beijing opera facial makeup is typical of Chinese nationality.Every historical figure’s face corresponds to a certain facial pattern in Beijing opera, which functions as “乐谱”（the music for singers to follow）, hence the use of the term “脸谱（facial makeup）”.Beijing opera makeup reflects the character’s nature: red signifies loyalty, bravery and justice;black moral integrity and honesty, blue tendency towards rebellion;white a subtle character.