明十三陵简介（精选5篇）

第一篇：明十三陵简介

明十三陵

明十三陵位于北京市昌平区，因埋藏了明代１３位皇帝而得名，随葬的还有２３位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主以及从葬宫女等。１９９２年，明十三陵被专家评定为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。２００３年，明十三陵作为南京明孝陵的补充被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产名录”。

我们都知道明代有16位皇帝，为什么只有13位葬在这里，那么其他三位是谁，葬于何处呢？

明朝开国皇帝朱元璋，都城定在今日的南京，死后葬在南京钟山南，称明孝陵。（我们知道南京别称是“金陵”，在战国时期，楚威王时建此城。魏蜀吴三国鼎立时，诸葛亮建议联东吴抗曹，来到金陵，见此处“虎距龙蟠”，建议孙权建都于此，历史上“草船借箭”、“舌战群儒”、“巧借东风”等故事就发生在此时期。朱元璋就是因为喜欢南京的风水所以建都的，死后自然葬在都城附近的钟山旁）

明朝第二位皇帝朱允炆是朱元璋的孙子，在其叔朱棣发动政变夺取皇位后下落不明，有人说葬身火海，有人说他出家做了和尚，没有定论。

明朝第七代皇帝朱祁钰，被其兄朱祁镇以亲王的身份礼葬在北京西郊金山口。明正统十四年（１４４９年）蒙古族瓦剌部分兵四路进犯，明英宗朱祁镇受太监王振的怂恿，率５０万大军亲征，结果部队在河北怀来城西２０里的土木堡遭瓦剌大军围歼，英宗也成了俘虏，史称“土木之变”。这时明朝立英宗之弟朱祁钰为新的天子，年号景泰，尊英宗为太上皇。景泰元年（１４５０年）七月，瓦剌首领也先将英宗送回，景泰帝就将他软禁在南宫（今南池子一带）。景泰八年（１４５７年）正月景泰帝病重。十七日深夜，朝臣徐有贞、石享等人带一千名军士从南宫救出英宗，直奔大内，英宗一行来到东华门，以太上皇身份大声喝退门卫。最后闯进奉天殿（今太和殿），宣布重新登基，史称“夺门之变”。英宗复辟后，将朱祁钰降为郕王，不久朱祁钰死于西宫，以亲王礼制葬于金山。成化年间，宪宗朱见深为朱祁钰平反，复称景泰帝，并以皇陵规格改、扩建了金山陵。

（说起这个明英宗朱祁镇，不得不提一下中国的宦官制度；起源、宦官来源、宦官弄权和王振其人）

明十三陵建造还要从明永乐皇帝登基说起，燕王朱棣夺取了王位后，在南京称帝，为政权的巩固一心想迁都北京。永乐五年（１４０７年），朱棣的皇后徐氏去世，朱棣为了表示其迁都北京的决心，下令在北京郊区选址建陵（帝陵通常选在京城附近）。最终选定昌平的天寿山作为“寿宫吉壤”，永乐七年（１４０９年）正式在此建长陵，到永乐十四年（１４１６年）三月才全部建成，此后，明代有十二位皇帝在此建陵。自１４０９年至１６４４年明王朝灭亡，明十三陵的建造历时二百多年。

其实明十三陵的选址颇费周折，皇后徐氏死后，朱棣派礼部尚书赵羾和风水师廖均卿等人去选“吉壤”。据说，他们首先选在口外的屠家营，但因皇帝都姓朱，与“猪”同音，猪进屠家犯地讳不能用。另一个选在羊山脚下，但因后面有“狼口峪”，猪旁有狼更危险，也不能用。后来又选定京西“燕家台”，可“燕家”与“宴驾”谐音，也不吉利。最后才选定现在这片天寿山陵区。

天寿山陵区是依风水原理选址的，我国选阳宅、阴宅都遵循这几句话“觅龙，龙要真；察砂，砂要秀；观水，水要抱；点穴，穴要的；取向，向要吉”。这里的龙指的是山，天寿山是太行山的支脉，蜿蜒曲折，脉相分明，且山上树木葱郁，砂要秀指的就是这个。水指的是从西北过来的温榆河，俗话说“山主富贵，水主财”、“有山无水休寻地”。山好，自然气场好，但气遇风则散，遇水则止，所有要有水，且水抱，不然就犯了弓背散，有多少财也会散尽。这里天寿山为镇山，东有蟒山，西有虎峪，正合风水的左青龙、右白虎之说，南面有龙、虎二山做为案山，温榆河二水从正北流向东南，斜贯“明堂”（群山中的盆地），合乎抱水之说，所以这里确实是风水宝地。

十三陵陵区占地40平方公里，陵区内苍松翠柏，建筑红墙黄瓦，既庄严肃穆，又金碧辉煌。但后来地面上的建筑曾几次遭到破坏，最严重的一次是清军入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北，有人说清兵的强盛和他们的祖坟风水有关，他们祖坟在房山，如果捣毁，清兵则灭。所以明天启年间就派人毁了房山金陵，并建关帝庙镇之。所以清兵入关后就采取同样的报复手段。到了乾隆年间，为了笼络汉人，于乾隆五十年（１７８５年）下令修缮了明陵。民国时期，当地豪绅争夺产权，明陵又遭到破坏。

新中国成立后，党和政府又对明十三陵进行了开发和保护。

十三陵的陵号按所葬皇帝在位的历史顺序分别为：长、献、景、裕、茂、泰、康、永、昭、定、庆、德、思十三陵。这１３座陵墓，现仅有长陵、定陵向游客开放，其中定陵地宫已发掘。

长陵是十三陵的第一陵，所以长陵的中轴线也成为整个陵区的中轴线。

石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑，在大宫门南二里许，建于嘉靖十九年（１５４０年），是陵区开始的标志。该石牌坊５间６柱１１楼，高１４米，宽２８.２６米，是现今国内保存下来最大、最精美的石坊。

大宫门是陵区的正门，俗称“大红门”。门有３洞，门口两侧有下马碑，上刻“官员人等至此下马”，当时奉旨官员到此都要步行进入陵区，否则以大不敬论罪。

碑楼是重檐歇山式建筑，内立长陵神功圣德碑，高约３丈，建于宣德十年（１４３５年）。碑的正面是神功圣德碑文，是明仁宗朱高炽为明成祖朱棣撰写，碑文有３０００多字，碑背面是乾隆题写的《哀明陵三十韵》，记载长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。

大宫门后的大道叫神道，它纵贯陵区南北，全长７公里，直达长陵陵门。神路两侧有众多石雕群，统称为石像生。有２４兽１２人，兽有狮子、骆驼、獬豸、麒麟、马、象，两卧两立；人有文臣、武臣、勋臣各４人。这些体现了帝王生前的威仪和死后的尊严。

石像生北端有一座门叫棂星门，俗称龙凤门，三门六扉，门额是端各饰有火焰宝珠，俗称“火焰牌坊”。

长陵是十三陵中的第一陵，占地１０公顷，是明朝第三位皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬陵。

明成祖朱棣，是明太祖朱元璋的第四子，生于元至正二十年（１３６０年），明洪武三年（１３７０）年被封为燕王。朱元璋死后，他以“靖难”之名，大军南下进入南京，于建文四年（１４０２年）夺得皇位，当年六月在南京奉天殿登基，年号为“永乐”。永乐二十二年（１４２４年）七月，朱棣亲征漠北，病逝在榆木川。同年十二月葬入长陵，谥号“文”，庙号“成祖”。

朱棣在明代历史上是一位颇有作为的皇帝。在作燕王时，多次亲帅出征，为平定北方立下战功。称帝后，仍征战南北，巩固了明朝的统治，并作出了迁都北京的重大决策。他在经济、文化、外交等方面均有所建树。

在经济方面，他继续奖励农桑，多次移民北上，开垦荒地，迅速恢复和发展了农业经济，出现了国库充实的局面。

在文化方面，他先后委派大学士解缙和姚广孝等修编《永乐大典》，该书成为我国历史上最大的一部类书。

在发展外交和贸易方面，他派郑和七次下西洋，开展贸易活动，发展了同西洋各国的友好关系，成为当时航海史上的壮举。

皇后徐氏，是开国元勋徐达的长女，她自幼聪颖、好读书，曾编有《内训》２０篇和《劝善》书，以教化人心。永乐五年（１４０７年）七月四日病逝，永乐十一年（１４１３年），首先葬入长陵，成为葬入十三陵陵区的第一人。

进入长陵陵门，内有神厨、神库和碑亭。进入陵恩门，就是祾恩殿，祾恩殿建成于永乐十四年（１４１６年），是供奉帝后神牌和举行祭祀活动的地方。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝陵中惟一完好保存至今的享殿，是我国木结构建筑中的珍贵遗物。

大殿仿明代皇宫金銮殿而建，宽９间，深５间，是国内罕见的大型殿宇之一。殿顶是最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，上面是黄色琉璃瓦。此殿的大小构件，用材均为名贵金丝楠木。殿内有６０根楠木支撑，中间最粗的４根直径在１米以上。祾恩门和祾恩殿是我国最好的楠木殿。

殿后是明楼，明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上最高的建筑，楼顶为重檐歇山顶，明楼两侧是宝城，宝城圆丘为宝顶，下面即是地宫，长陵地宫没有挖掘。

现在我们前往定陵进行参观。

定陵是明代第１３位皇帝神宗万历帝朱翊钧及孝端和孝靖两位皇后的合葬陵。朱翊钧是明代在位时间最长的皇帝，在位４８年，但其贪婪怠惰、视酒如命。他生于嘉靖四十二年（１５６３年），隆庆六年（１５７２年）即位，当年９岁。即位初，在首辅大臣张居正的辅佐下，各方面都得到较好的发展。

１５８２年，张居正病故，亲政不久的万历帝便利用祭陵的机会为自己选定陵位。他花费白银８００万两，历时６年，修建了工程质量极佳的定陵。竣工后，他还亲往查验，觉得十分满意，居然在地宫中大宴群臣，这在历史上当然闻所未闻。

朱翊钧是个昏君的典型。他“每餐必饮，每饮必醉，每醉必怒，左右稍有不甚，即遭其毒打”。纵观其一生，在位４８年，有２８年不理朝政，国家机构处于瘫痪状态。万历中叶，国运日衰，所以后人有“明之亡实亡于神宗”的说法。万历四十八年（１６２０年）朱翊钧辞世，天启年间葬入定陵，谥号“显”，庙号“神宗”。

孝端皇后王氏，浙江人，是万历皇帝的正统皇后，但与神宗未生儿育女。万历四十八年（１６２０年）四月病逝。

孝靖皇后王氏，原地位卑微，因与万历皇帝生有一子，就是后来的“一月天子”光宗朱常洛，故被封为皇贵妃。死于万历三十九年（１６１１年），比神宗早死九年，被按贵妃礼制葬于天寿山一平岗地。熹宗朱由校即位后，追封她为太皇太后，后迁入定陵与万历皇帝、孝端皇后一起下葬。

定陵前的神功圣德碑是无字碑。碑顶雕有云龙，碑下端雕有海水图纹，碑座为赑屃，传说是龙生九子之一，因其好负重，故用其驮石碑。

定陵出土文物陈列室内详细提供了墓主及其陵墓发掘过程的介绍，南北两个展室内陈列了出土的随葬品。

明楼是陵墓的标志。此明楼为石结构建筑，彩漆雕饰。明楼是定陵地面上保存最完好的建筑。在明楼的黄色琉璃瓦顶上，有一块高大的石榜，刻有陵号“定陵”二字。明楼内碑额上有“大明”二字，碑身刻有“神宗显皇帝之陵”，“神宗”是庙号，“显”是皇帝的谥号。

定陵是十三陵中惟一挖掘了地宫的陵墓。１９５６年５月正式开始动工，１９５８年结束。工作人员最先发现定陵宝城西南侧墙上露出了一条券门，于是在正对券门的位置开了第一条探沟，大家看这里就是第一条探沟所在处，在探沟底部发现用城砖砌成的隧道。３个月后，沿隧道的方向在明楼西面开第二条探沟，大家看就是这个方向。在此挖掘中，碰到了刻有“此石至金刚墙前皮十六丈、深三丈五尺”文字的石碑，从而为打开地宫指明了方向。

沿着石碑指明的方向，又开了第三条探沟，就在明楼后正对着墓门的方向，找到了石隧道，最终找到了地宫的金刚墙。打开金刚墙，内有一个方形石券室，石券室中央有两扇汉白玉石门。工作人员用铁丝和木板将顶门的“自来石”移开，地宫的门就这样打开了。

大家看这就是定陵的宝城，宝城是一道用砖砌的圆形大墙，墙高７．５米，下厚上薄，周长８００多米，中间有一人工堆成的大土丘，就是宝顶了，宝顶下就是定陵的地宫，明楼与宝城相连。

现在我们就前往定陵地宫进行参观。

定陵整个地宫采用石料发券，称作地下“无梁殿”，由前、中、后、左、右５座殿室组成，各殿之间都有石门相隔。地宫深２７米，总面积１１９５平方米。前、中、后３殿之间各有一道结构相同的石券门，全部用汉白玉雕成。券门规制各不相同，最大的汉白玉石门每扇可高达３．３米，宽１．７米，重约４吨，看上去很笨重，但因设计合理，重心都偏向门轴方向，所以开启自如。门扇上有防止门倒塌的青铜管扇，重约１０吨。汉白玉门正面雕有乳状门钉和衔环辅首，背面与衔环辅首正对着突起的部分就是承托顶门“自来石”的地方。

后殿是最大的殿堂，地面铺的是磨光的花斑石，前、中、左、右殿地面铺的是“金砖”，“金砖”又称澄浆砖，此砖铺在地上，光润耐磨，越擦越亮。

在定陵地宫中，前殿没有任务陈设。中殿陈设有万历皇帝和孝端、孝靖皇后的汉白玉神座，神座前有黄色琉琉五供和青花云龙大瓷缸。后殿白石镶边的棺床上有万历皇帝和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的棺椁，还有装有随葬品的红漆大木箱２６个。左右配殿没有任何设施，有人推测原是放两位皇后棺椁的，但万历皇帝和孝端皇后死后一个月，光宗朱常洛也辞世，两位皇帝及一位皇后下葬，另还有一位皇太后要迁葬，这些工作都落在明熹宗朱由校身上，准备工作十分仓促，下葬当天三个棺椁一同下葬，当时正值雨季，皇后配殿的墓道可能不便打开，所以三个棺椁都从正门进入地宫，由于配殿甬道太窄，皇后的棺椁进不去，只好和皇帝棺椁一并放入后殿。

汉白玉神座形状象皇帝、皇后生前的御座。万历皇帝的上面雕有龙头，象征皇帝；两位皇后的上面雕有凤头，象征皇后。三个神座原来是“品”字形摆放，后为便于参观，摆成“三”字形。

琉璃五供包括一个香炉、两个烛台和两个香瓶。此五供为黄琉璃烧制，是古代祭礼用具。

青花云龙大瓷缸，口径约为０．７米，缸内原放有香油，油面上铜瓢内放有灯芯，名为“长明灯”。因地宫内氧气稀少，所以油未尽灯已灭。青花瓷的烧制工艺在明代已达到很高的水准，该缸为嘉靖年间烧制。

棺床在明代又称“宝座”，上面砌着打磨光滑的花斑石，正中为一个长方形的孔穴，内填黄土，叫“金井”。金井之上就是棺椁，中间是万历皇帝，左边一个是孝端皇后的，右边一个是孝靖皇后的。周围放有木制仪仗等随葬品，周围散放着玉石器。古人认为“金井”可以沟通阴阳，玉器可以防止尸体腐朽，这在历史上称作“金井玉葬”，是我国封建时期最高的丧葬礼仪。

关于明十三陵的一些传说，通过发掘定陵就有了结论：定陵中没有传说中的伤人机关；也没有传说的把皇陵修建者埋在陵墓中的事实；明陵中只有长、献、景三陵有人殉葬，到明英宗朱祁镇时下令废除了人殉制；

第二篇：明十三陵英文导游词

十三陵的英文导游词---不是一般的费劲

THE MING TOMBS

The Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southern slopes of TianshouMountain.They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynasty emperors.In July 2003 the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO.Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle(1407).Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----Liao Junqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs.It is said that this group of people first selected the area of Tu Jia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldn't be used as the burial ground.Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor(Zhu)is a homophone for pig and because a village named 'wolf mouth ravine' was located there, they decided against using that area.Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing.Again, since 'Yanjia' was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable.It was not until the 7th year of Yongle(1409), that they finally chose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.The whole area covers 40 square kilometers.It has mountains to its east, west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of its southern entrance.The 13 tombs go from north to south.They are arranged in the manner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear.In front of the tombs are divine passes, stone archways and steel towers.The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty.Buried in the Ming tombs, are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes, princesses and maids.The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwen and Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital in present dayNanjing where he was buried after his death.His tomb is called Xiaoling(Tomb of Filial Piety).The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing.Some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk.There is no final conclusion yet.The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in the Tumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of Zhu Qizhen.Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing(1540)as a symbol of the Ming Tombs.It is 14 meters high and 28.86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers.The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stone arch preserved in the country today.The major designs of dragon and cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture.In addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is more commonly known as Big Red Gate.Facing south, there are three arch en-trances to the gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs.Flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area.If they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect.The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the Ming Dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged.Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded.Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande(1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves.A huge tablet stands in the middle of the Tablet House.The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong for Chengzu.The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling.On the east side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qing government.On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing.It was written in the 9th year of Jiaqing(1804)describing the cause of the fall of the Ming Dynasty.On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings(36 in all).Behind the house, there are two stone pillars.Beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues.Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Lin horses.All of the animals are in two pairs.Two stand, while the other two kneel.It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group.These stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of Xuande(1435).They reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased.The animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and Phoenix Gate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven.The gate is pierced with six door leaves, attached to three archways.The top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the Flame Archway.To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling.To the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwise known as theSacred Way or the Tomb path.We passed the Memorial Arch, the Big Palace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and Ling Xing Gate.This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the Gate of Changling.Now, we are moving to Chang Ling.Changling is the first tomb built in the Ming Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and his empress Xu.Zhu Di(Chengzu)of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the first Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360.Zhu Di was conferred the title of the prince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu(1370).He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang(the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used the pretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead an army expedition down south to Nanjing.He seized the throne in the 4th year of Jianwen(1402)and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of Ancestral Worship in Nanjing.Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the Ming Dynasty.As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out to battle.He had great achievements in calming down the north.After he took over his nephew's power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty.He made the important decision to move the capital to Beijing.During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy.In terms of culture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao and others to compile the Yongle encyclopedia.The book has become the largest book ever complied in Chinese history.For expanding external exchanges and trade, Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia andAfrica seven times in the early years of Yongle.Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling.Empress Xushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers of the Ming Dynasty.Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate people's minds.She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tomb area.The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among the thirteen tombs.It is a valuable relic of ancient China's wooden structures.It is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China.The roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles.The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter.It is known as the best Nanmu(phoebe)hall in the country.Now we are going to Dinging.Dingling is located at the east foot of Dayu Mountain.Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli(Zhu Yijun)and his two empresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing.Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of the Ming Emperors.(He was emperor for 48 years).He was the greediest and laziest emperor in the Ming Dynasty.Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng.At this time, various aspects of society gained development.Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness.Not long after Wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors' tombs.He spent eight million taels of silver(250,000 kilos of silver)and six years to build a high quality tomb Dingling.After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result.He went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor.Reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule.The state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign.Later generations commented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.Zhu Yijun had two empresses.Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid of Wanli's mother Cisheng.Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor.That son was the one-month emperor Guangzong(Zhu Changluo).She died of illness 9 years earlier than Shenzong died.She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount.After Xiaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the Underground Palace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduan on the same day.Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor.Xiaoduan died of illness.A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli(Zhu Yijun)died too.Empress Xiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in the Underground Palace.The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it.It is called the wordless tablet.There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom.Its base is composed of a tortoise(Bixi).It is said that the dragon has nine sons.In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excluding Changling, all the tablets are wordless.Originally there were no tablet houses in front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first six tombs were completed.But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions.Consequently the six tablets are wordless.And in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of Eminent Favor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites.They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came.And they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after the excavation of the Underground Palace.The exhibition explains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process.The exhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north.In the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthed from the Underground Palace.In the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses.All of then are fancy and invaluable.Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb.It is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations.The Soul Tower and the Pre-cious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously.The Soul Tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling.On top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet.Two Chinese characters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet.Inside the Soul Tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----'the Great Ming' written in seal characters.On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----'Tomb of Emperor Shenzong Xian' are carved.The Soul Tower is connected with the Precious Citadel.The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin.The round wall's perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperor's tomb mound, known as Precious Top.Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated.Formal excavation work started in May 1956 and ended in 1958.First, the working personnel discovered an exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel of Dingling.So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway.At the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks.Three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, they dug the second tunnel.During the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words ' from here 48.8m forward and 10.7m downward lies the precious wall'.Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the Underground Palace.According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel.At last they got to the precious wall.Thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room.To the west end of the room, lay two marble doors.The working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the ' self-acting' stone bar, which was against the back of the door.With this method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy Altogether there are five chambers.The chambers are separated by seven marble doors.TheUnderground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters.There is a same structure stone door in be-tween the front, middle and rear chambers.The door is made of marble.The biggest marble door is 3.3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight.It looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed.The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle, so the door is easy to open and close.On top of the door is a lintel(made of bronze)tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling.Carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths.Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the door's 'self-acting' stone bar.The front and middle chambers are 7.2 meters high and 6 meters wide.The floor is covered with gold bricks.According to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable.The more you polish them, the brighter they become.There are no decorations in the front and two annex chambers.In the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known as the precious thrones.In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Year's style with a cloud-and-dragon design.It is about 0.7 meters in diameter.Originally there was sesame oil in the jar.On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside.It is called the 'everlasting lamp'.Due to the lack of oxygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.The rear chamber is the biggest of the three.It is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.lmeters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones.In the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble.Placed on the platform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26 vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called Gold Well.Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being ' buried with jade.' Ancient people believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy.It could prevent the body from decay for a long time.Being 'buried with jade' on a Gold Well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.Originally the empress's coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperor's? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July Emperor Wanli also died.After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after his succession.In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession.In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojing's coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor Zhu Youjian.The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion(this was clearly recorded in historical documents).The rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress' annex chamber may not have been convenient to open.So the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the Underground Palace through the front entrance.After the coffins entered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it.So they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.Now please follow me out of the underground palace.And our tour for today is completed.I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm.Thank you.

第三篇：六年级_写景作文《明十三陵》

明十三陵

作者：付马婉瑶

今天是笨瓜呆在北京的最后一天，笨瓜今天晚上就要坐火车回家了。

笨瓜在这些日子，感觉十分的愉快。就要回去了，不免心中有些失落，但是，笨瓜还是在心里默默地说，最后一天一定要快快乐乐的。

经过再三思考，笨瓜决定今天去明十三陵。

早上10时出发前往明十三陵。大概是晕车，或许是吃的太多了，所以到长陵的时候，把早上吃的东西全部吐出来了。

长陵是明朝第三个皇帝朱棣——明成祖的墓。朱棣的墓至今都未曾被开采，但是长陵展厅有从定陵挖掘出来的宝贝。

笨瓜来长陵，一进门，就看见了在右侧有导游图和一张图片。那张图片是1954年毛泽东主席来长陵游玩，图片记载当时毛主席感觉头部昏昏沉沉的，于是就靠门休息。有人曾说是2龙不能相见。实际就是指朱棣是皇帝，古时候又称龙。而毛主席曾为一国的主席，总管全国，亦称为龙。所以当时说2龙不能相见大概就是指这种意思。

再往里走，就能看见定陵出土的文物了，里面有金锭、金顶、银锭、还有龙袍、凤袍、皇冠、凤冠、玉佩、首饰、剑、盔甲、金布、酒壶等等宝物。笨瓜看傻眼了，毕竟他也算是见过一些世面，可是他从未见过如此有价值的东西。

再往后走可以看见一座碑，碑上写着“明成祖皇帝朱棣之陵”笨瓜靠近看，上面有很多人刻字，什么×××到此一游啊，真是太不文明了！

笨瓜从长陵出来，起身去定陵。

定陵是万历皇帝——明神宗朱翊钧的墓，定陵曾被开挖过，所以定陵就有一个地下宫殿。

一进定陵，笨瓜先看导游图，碰巧听见了一个导游在介绍定陵。“定陵前面两个殿都被闯王李自成给烧毁了。李自成当时以为是皇宫的宫殿，就打了进来，结果却是皇帝的陵墓，李自成当时特别生气就放了一把火，火就烧掉了前面两个殿，所以我们现在只能看到烧后的残垣断壁。最后面就是地下宫殿了，据测算，地下宫殿深27米左右，相当于11层楼的高度。灵杵门就是阴阳相隔的鬼门关了，所以大家回来的时候，一定要说声我回来了，去去身上的晦气。”

笨瓜听了觉得很好玩，就笑了笑，开始往里走去。过了„鬼门关‟，笨瓜看到两个展厅，也是展出那些出土的宝物，因为在长陵看了，所以看定陵的这些也就不足为奇了。

再往后走就是地下宫殿了，笨瓜找了个地方休息，休息一会后笨瓜打算进地下宫殿。

到了地下宫殿的入口，笨瓜往下看，一层层的阶梯，笨瓜走了10分钟，到了地下宫殿的门口。

一进去就冷的出奇，笨瓜不禁打了个寒颤。地宫门特别的高，往里走我们看到只是左殿，顺着人群就可以到中殿，前面可以看到万历皇帝的宝座，还有万历皇帝的皇后的宝座，最后快出来时就可以看到金刚墙。

从定陵出来，笨瓜去了明十三陵博物馆，里面介绍了明朝各代皇帝的详细情况，真是叹为观止啊！

笨瓜仔细看了看，明朝当的最短时间的一个皇帝只当了1个月，真是短命啊。笨瓜觉得，在北京的最后一天，快乐、充实，笨瓜对北京说，北京，我会再来看你的！

北京市161中学六年级：付马婉瑶

来源：http:///zuowen/xiaoxuesheng/liunianji/xiejing/49242.htm

第四篇：北京明十三陵导游词

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在1407年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”，其实就是吉祥的土地，准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方，但是都不成功，开始他们选在了口外的屠家营，可是皇帝姓朱，与猪同音，犯了地讳。然后又选在了昌平西南的羊山脚下，可是后面有个村子叫“狼口峪”，这样岂不是更危险！后来选过京西的“燕家台”，有与“宴驾”同音，太不吉利了。最后直到明永乐七年，才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区，在周围有蟒山，虎峪，龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置，就是东青龙，西白虎，南朱雀，北玄武，还有温榆河经过这里，真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后，就开始修建了长陵，经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝，也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡，这200多年间，明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围，埋葬了明代十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后，还有许多的妃子，太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来，在清兵入关以后，为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉，所以就将这里烧了。后来在乾隆五十年的时候，为了笼络汉人，就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后，对这里进行了大规模的开发，并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵，其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想：明朝不是有十六个皇帝么？怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝？其实原因很简单，明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京，所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦，也就是明孝陵；而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝，因为被朱棣夺取了皇位，尸骨下落不明，所以这里就没有他的陵墓；在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候，他曾经被宦官王振怂恿，率军亲征，后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏，这个事件称为“土木之变”，一国不能无君，所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝，而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”，所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓，他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来，大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。

现在大家沿途看到的这一个石牌坊，就是陵区的标志，是嘉靖年间制造的。这个牌坊是5间6柱11楼，高有14米，宽达到了28.86米，是现在国内保存下来最大、最精美的石牌坊，上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案，反映了皇家建筑的特点。

大宫门就是陵墓区的正门儿，也叫大红门。门是南向的，分三洞，在这个门里边就是陵墓区。在门两侧都有刻着“官员人等至此下马”的下马碑，因为当时规定这些人进入陵区都是要步行，否则可是要治罪的。而且这里也是禁区，不是一般老百姓可以随便进入的地方，严重的是要被斩首的。而进了这个门儿，也就走进了贯穿陵园南北，能够直接通到长陵陵门的神道，明朝的神道，也是我国历代修建的帝王陵中神道最长的，其实他的主要作用就是让皇帝灵魂通过的地方，全长有7公里。

我们一边走着，就可以看到前边有一个碑亭。这个碑亭是重檐歇山顶的建筑，里边有赑屃驮着巨碑，这个就是长陵的神功颂德碑，正式建立于1435年，正面就是永乐皇帝的长子朱高炽写的颂德碑文，有3000多字，而背面则是在乾隆五十年撰写的《哀明陵三十韵》，里边详细记录了陵墓的破损情况。碑身的东面是清政府修缮陵墓的花费，西侧则是在嘉庆九年论述明王朝灭亡的原因。

过了碑亭，我们继续沿着神道行走，会发现在神路两侧，都有很多石雕。其实这里一共有36座石雕，叫做石像生。紧挨着碑亭后边的是两根石望柱，接下来就是狮子、獬豸、骆驼、大象、麒麟、马，各有四匹，按照先卧后立的顺序排列。然后是武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四人。修建这些，都是为了体现帝王生前的仪仗和死后的尊严。所以体积都非常大，雕刻的都非常精细。而且这些也都象征着皇帝在生前可以得到尊崇，到了死后也是同样得到尊崇。，各方神圣和文武百官还是要为我独尊。

再往前走，就可以看到一座棂星门，也叫龙凤门，取天门之意。在这个三门六柱的门中央位置上，有三个火焰宝珠，所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。

我们其实一直都是沿着神道来前进的，来回顾一下，先是石牌坊，然后到了大宫门，现在我们就要已经进入了长陵了。碑亭，石象生，过了龙凤门，还有一段路程就可以到达长陵的陵门了。而我们所说的整个陵墓群的中轴线其实也就是这条贯穿陵园南北，全长共7公里的神道。

说到长陵，它是明十三陵中的第一座陵，始建于1409年，在1416年全部建成，是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，当朱元璋死后，朱棣就以靖难为名，从北平发兵攻下南京，并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位，改年号为永乐，这件事历史上称之为靖难之役。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝，当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战，并且在1420年做出了迁都北京的重大决定。在他所统治的明朝年间，国库充实，政局稳定，而且还命人写作了《永乐大典》这部我国历史上最大的类书，派郑和七下西洋，发展了各国之间友好关系。而他的贤内助徐皇后，也就是明朝开国元勋徐达的女儿也是一位有中国古典美的女性，她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》用以化育人心，在用了五年的时候病逝了。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣，而是徐皇后。长陵共占地10公顷，中轴线由陵恩门，陵恩殿，明楼，宝城和宝顶共同组成。陵墓共有三进院，第一进院是从陵门道陵恩门，可以看到左右两侧各有一个小碑亭，但当时上面都没有文字，现在的文字是清顺治皇帝写上的。陵恩殿坐落在陵墓的第二进院落中，在1412，明永乐十四年建成，是供奉牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。它面阔九间，进深五间，是重檐庑殿顶的建筑，殿内有60根楠木柱，中间的四根直径都达到了一米以上，是国内最好的楠木殿。原来陵恩殿中陈列有大佛龛，现在已经没有了，取而代之的是后人制作的永乐皇帝坐像，大家可以绕道坐像的后边来看一下，可以看到椅背上刻有一条龙，而龙头则正对着万历皇帝的头部，这象征着皇帝是真龙天子。而四周则是出土文物的展览。

咱们从殿后的门一出来，就到达了第三进院落，每座陵墓的标志——明楼就在这里。大家可以看到这里也有一个碑亭，石碑上刻有成祖文皇帝之陵，因为皇帝姓朱，所以碑身也都是用的朱砂红色。

由于长陵的地宫没有发掘，所以我们在长陵的游览就先告一段落。不过大家不用着急，接下来我们将要去的定陵，就可以让大家参观到古代皇帝的地下宫殿了。

定陵是明朝第13位皇帝神宗万历朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的合葬墓。朱翊钧是明朝在位最久的皇帝，他的为人和永乐皇帝朱棣可以说成为了鲜明的对比。他非常贪婪懒惰，在他九岁即位的时候，由于有大臣张居正的辅佐，国家发展的还算比较稳定，可是后来张居正病逝，他便利用这个机会为自己选择了陵地，花费了800万两白银，用了六年时间，建了工程质量最好的定陵，而他居然因为陵寝修建的非常满意，而在地宫当中举行了盛大的宴会，真实一位让人苦笑不得的皇帝。而他不仅如此，在他在位的48年当中，竟然有28年不理朝政，导致国家处于瘫痪状态。后人评论，其实明朝灭亡的命运，在万历皇帝朱翊钧时就已经成为定局了。他有两位皇后，其实在开始的时候孝靖皇后身份低下，可是与他有了一个男孩，就是后来的“一月天子”朱常洛，母以子贵，她就被封为贵妃。但是她比朱翊钧早死了九年，并没有葬在定陵里，直到后来追封她为太皇太后的时候，才与万历皇帝朱翊钧，孝端皇后共同葬入陵寝。朱翊钧的另一个皇后孝端与他没有孩子，在她去世后不到百日，朱翊钧也去世了，所以他们是同日葬入定陵的。

一进入定陵陵区，我们首先看到的是一个碑亭，里边就是神功圣德碑，也称为无字碑。碑顶有云龙交盘，下端雕有海水纹的图案，碑座也是龙九子之一赑屃。在十三陵中，除了长陵以外，其他的陵碑都没有字。这是因为原来在献景裕茂泰康六个陵门前没有碑亭，当然也就没有碑文一说，可是后来这六个碑亭相继建成，碑文理应有当时的嘉靖皇帝撰写，可是他忙于炼丹成仙，根本没工夫理会，所以导致六个碑空空如也。在永陵之后的陵墓，因为祖宗的墓碑上都没有写字，所以怕冒犯祖先，也都没有撰写碑文，这样就形成了今天我们所看到的景象。定陵的这个碑背面有一个满月型的痕迹，所以俗称月亮碑，传说它还有灵性，能随月亮阴晴圆缺而发光，可是后来陵园着火，就失去了灵性。

过了碑亭，我们所看到的两座高石台基就是定陵陵恩门和陵恩殿的遗址。这里原来也叫享殿，它是举行祭祀典礼的地方，当时面阔七间，清兵入关的时候曾经遭到破坏，到了乾隆年间，对这里进行了修复，但是后来又遭到了破坏。

在往前走，我们可以看到一个陈列室，这里陈列展出的都是定陵的出土文物，是在地宫挖掘之后兴建的。展室分为南北两个部分，南侧主要陈列地宫出土的万历皇帝的随葬品，北侧则是两位太后的随葬品，都非常精美，各位尽可以一饱眼福。

现在来到了明楼，它也是定陵陵墓的标志。明楼为石结构建筑，是定陵地面保存最完好的建筑，始终没有遭到破坏。在明楼黄色琉璃瓦顶上，镶有一块高大的石榜，刻有定陵二字，在明楼内的碑额上篆有大名二字，而碑身上则刻有神宗显皇帝之陵七个大字。它与宝城相连。宝城是一道用城砖垒起的圆形大墙，墙上有垛口，城墙高7.5米，上厚下薄，周长800米，在它围绕的中间有一个人工堆成的大土丘，其实就是皇陵的坟头，叫做宝顶。

咱们现在正从左侧的通道走入地宫。定陵地宫的挖掘工作是从1956年5月开始的，在1958年结束。最开始，工作人员是发现了宝城西南侧墙上露出了一处券门，于是就正对着券门开了第一条探沟，到了底部发现了用城砖砌成的隧道。在三个月以后，沿着隧道的方向在明楼西面开了第二条探沟，在这条探沟的挖掘过程中，碰到了刻有“此时至今刚墙前皮十六丈、深三丈五尺”的石碑，从而得到了关于打开地宫的正确方向。工作人员沿着这个方向，又开了第三条探沟，最终找到了石隧道，并且发现了金刚墙，打开金刚墙，里边有一个方形的石券室，在西侧正中有两扇汉白玉的石门，从里边顶着“自来石”，而工作人员只用了铁丝和木板，不到五分钟，就将沉睡了337年的定陵地宫打开了。第一┆范文网www.xiexiebang.com整理该文章><...地宫深度是27米，总面积达到了1195平方米，整个建筑的用料都是砖石，可以说是地下的无梁殿，礼制上是仿明堂的“九重法宫制”，分为前中后左右五个殿堂由七扇汉白玉门连接，最大的一扇高3.3米，宽1.7米，重达4吨，看上去很笨重，其实设计非常的合理。石门的重心偏向门轴，所以开关自如；门扇上横着设有防止倒塌的青铜扇管，重量大约是10吨；在门正面雕刻有乳状门钉和衔环铺首，背面与之相对应的地方有一个凸起的部分，关门以后，自来石就承托在这里。

在地宫前殿和左右两个配殿中没有任何的陈设。而现在到达的中殿高7.2米，宽6米，地面是金砖铺地，据记载，这种砖会越擦越亮的。殿中陈设有汉白玉石宝座，它的样式和皇帝生前宝座是一样的，在前边也就是孝靖和孝端皇后的宝座雕有凤头，而万历皇帝的宝座靠背和扶手都雕有龙头。原来宝座的陈列是呈品字形的，后来为了方便游人参观，才改变了陈设。在三个宝座之前，设有祭祀用具黄琉璃五供，包括一个香炉，两个烛台，和两个香瓶，和嘉靖年间的青花云龙大瓷缸，这个缸中原来是盛有香油，里边放有灯芯的，叫做长明灯，但是由于关门后地宫缺氧，所以这盏灯并没有长明。

第五篇：在行走中感受历史明十三陵

在行走中感受历史——明·十三陵

在行走中感受历史——明·十三陵

3月28日，又是一个阳光明媚的日子。中国国家地理徒步队再次出发，六十多人奔北而行，在山村之间寻访十三陵的影踪。

摄影/伊凡

这次徒步线路包含十三陵之中的十个陵墓以及十三陵水库的一段路程。十三陵是明朝帝王的墓葬群，也是世界上保存完整埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。目前定陵、长陵、昭陵已开发为旅游景点。其他几个陵墓散落在不同的村子中，不对外开放，所以很多人知晓十三陵，却未曾见过全貌，这次徒步就是要更多了解十三陵。

摄影/伊凡

每到一处皇陵，《中华遗产》美女编辑会给大家介绍一段皇帝的背景和趣事。也有网友读者参与讲解明朝皇帝历史，与其他人分享历史典故和知识，让大家体会到徒步的乐趣不仅仅在于行走，交流和学习也很重要。

摄影/伊凡

十三陵所在地周边大多是以其命名的村庄，徒步的过程就是在各个小村庄的往返。这次活动的强度不大，没有太多上升路面，有队员反映要提升难度。我们的队伍之中确实隐藏诸多高手，有每年都参加国际马拉松长跑的“高材生”，曾经参军重装上阵的“大个子”，头发花白却能一直走在最前的老队员，做足了明史功课的一朋同学，手握十三陵详版地图的青铜锁美女……（原文链接：windflower）明·十三陵 简介：

明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群，坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。这里自永乐七年（1409）五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

摄影 /静隅归心

2003年明十三陵被列入《世界遗产目录》。世界遗产委员会评价：明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙地安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑和装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续五千余年的世界观与权力观。

摄影/静隅归心