第一篇:英文中西方的餐桌礼仪+练习题
十条应该遵守的西方礼仪
How to behave at table in western society?
1.When helping a woman pull her chair to the table, hold it and guide it.Don't shove it against the back of her legs.为女士拉椅子的时候,要把椅子抓住了,留个角度,让女士好走过去。别让椅子腿碰到女士的腿。
2.If you're seated at a table with eight or fewer guests, wait for everyone to be served and for the hostess to begin eating before you dig in.At a long banquet table, it's OK to start when several people are seated and served.如果就餐人数少于等于八人,那就等所有人都坐好了,女主人开始用餐了,再开动。如果是长餐桌,那么只要有几个人入座进食了,你也就可以开始吃了。
3.All things not having to do with food should remain off the table: keys, clutch bags, cigarette packs, sunglasses, BlackBerrys.一切和食物无关的东西都不应该出现在餐桌上,包括:钥匙、手袋、烟盒、墨镜还有手机。
4.Don't snap your napkin open or unfurl it showily like it's an Olympic flag.不要把餐巾展开,看起来像是在展示奥林匹克会旗一样。
5.If you prefer not to have wine while dining out, don't turn your glass upside down, and don't make a big deal of saying you don't drink.Simply place your fingertips on the rim of the glass and say “Not today, thanks.”
如果在用餐时你不想饮酒,不要把酒杯倒过来放,也不要很在意地宣布你不喝酒。只要轻轻地把指尖放在酒杯边缘,说一句“今天不喝,谢谢。”
6.If you're eating and want to take a sip, dab your mouth with your napkin to avoid staining the rim of the glass.如果你在吃东西的时候,想要啜一口饮料的话,那就先拿餐巾把嘴擦干净了,以免在杯子边缘留下残迹。
7.Grabbing a bowl of salad or a saltshaker as it's being passed to someone who asked for it is the equivalent of cutting in line: greedy and rude.7.把原本要递给别人的沙拉碗或者盐瓶从半道截下来,这基本上就等于在说:你是个既贪婪又粗鲁的人。
8.On the subject of passing: Dishes go counterclockwise, but if someone to your left asks for something, you can hand it directly to him.8.餐桌上要传递东西的话,规则一般是逆时针传递。不过,如果坐在你左手边的人想要什么东西时,你也可以直接递给他。
9.When you excuse yourself to go to the restroom, just say “Please excuse me.”
9.想去洗手间的时候,只要说“失陪一下”就可以了。
10.When out with friends or familyit's OK to ask for your leftovers to be wrapped.But don't do it at a business lunch or dinner.10.和朋友家人一起外出用餐,即使是到很高级的餐馆,也可以要求把吃剩下的食物打包带走。不过,如果是在商务宴会上,就不要这么做了。改错
2.People go to a formal Western dinner party the first time may be surprising by the Western table manners.Next to the napkin, you’ll find some bread and three glass which are for the wine.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little more bigger than the ones besides them.Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.For the starter, which you eaten with the smaller pair, you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left one.Although good manners always make you look good, but you do not need to worry about all these rules while you having dinner with your foreign friends.第一行:①People后加who / ② party后加for / ③ surprising → surprised 第二行:④glass → glasses 第三行:⑤去掉more 第四行:⑥besides → beside / ⑦ that → which 第五行:⑧eaten → eat 第六行:⑨去掉but 第七行:⑩去掉you或在you后加are
中国的餐桌礼仪和文化
The main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial.Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough.The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares.If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you’re in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes.Soup then will be served(unless in Guangdong style restaurants)to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings.If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.Perhaps one of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests.In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks.This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness.It is always polite to eat the food.If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate.People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed.When you have had enough, just say so.Or you will always overeat!中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异
练习:
Can you imagine the situation that a Chinese student has dinner at his American professor’s house for the first time? Let’s read the following and try to make a comment about it by asking and answering with these words or phrases above.1.What impression did he leave on the American professor and his family? 2.How did he behave at the table? 3.Did he know any about American table manners? 4.Whose fault was it that he committed such Faux Pas(失礼)in American table manners? 5.Why did other people stare at him? Was he a disabled person with two horns on his head? Did they make jokes about him? 6.What advice can we follow about table manners? 7.(1-9)练习定语从句
The first course is soup.He picks up the bowl, slurps it down, and, to continues the tradition of not wasting food, tips the bowl over his head to get the last drop.Satisfied, he puts down the empty bowl, lets out a burp, and exclaims: “Great soup!” Then he notices that everyone at the table stops eating and is staring at him.“Why is everyone staring?” He is thinking… “Did I just grow two horns on my head?”
No!He has just committed almost every Faux Pas(失礼)in American table manners.Okay, perhaps the scene is a slight exaggeration(夸张).But it often happens to some newly arrived Chinese.At a Chinese restaurant, it’s perfectly okay to shout, burp, and slurp.But table manners in American homes and restaurants are very different.Here are some basics for you to follow the next time you go to your American professor’s house.Don’t talk with your mouth full.No one wants to see what you are chewing.This is one of the most common mistakes Chinese makes at the dinning table.Finish swallowing before you open your mouth.What’s the hurry? The person you are talking to will still be there after you take a few seconds to chew your food.Don’t put your elbows on the table when you are eating.It’s okay to do it once you are done with your food.Don’t eat with both a fork and a knife at the same time.Americans typically finish cutting, then put down the knife and eat with the right hand to hold the fork.The British will cut and eat at the same time.Don’t speak loudly in Chinese in a restaurant.It’s considered extremely rude.Don’t burp loudly in front of others.And if you do so by accident, politely say: “Excuse me.” And last but not least… Never pick up your plate to swipe food into your mouth!Never!
There are many other rules to follow in table etiquette.But unless you are going to dine at the White House, the ones above will certainly help shed the barbarian(不文明的)image.Remember, it is okay to have funny accent but not rude behavior.In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed;not letting any of the food fall off the plate;using the knife only for cutting;and not trying to take food across the table.In other parts of the world there are also rules(1)which people should follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain.Indeed, the things(2)that are considered good table manners in some other countries are the things(3)that British people try hardest to avoid.In Arabia, for example, the people at a feast(宴会)take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly(4), which shows that they have appreciated it.In the Western countries there are differences between table manners(5), which are not so marked(显著的).In North America it is polite to eat up meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand and eat with it.Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all the time when they are eating food(6)that has to be cut.In the British Isles and
Scandinavia(Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland)special knives and forks are used for eating fish.In France, Belgium and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same knife for every course(7), which people wipe on a piece of bread.Table manners of course have changed with time.The earliest meals were also the simplest(8), which were eaten on the ground round a line, and everyone took his food from the animal or bird(9)that had been cooked.The women waited on the warriors(武士)and afterwards ate the food(10)that they left.Table manners did not always include quiet behavior.Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that only the knives(11)that had rounded ends should be used to prevent people from stabbing(刺)each other while they were eating.
第二篇:中西方餐桌礼仪差异分析 英文
There are many difference in Chinese and western table manner , but which tings lead to these difference, There may be three aspects.Different cultural connotations,different ways of thinking ,different values.Now I will explain how the values make the culture different.The value is the deepest level in the culture , is used to evaluate the behavior things by members in society, and select the most suitable principle in a few possible targets, that is the theme of culture.Therefore every country and society use the same value which is recognized.The table manners behaved by the people is a microcosm of their value.Such as China , a country which emphasize “filial” “loyalty” reflect the value of collectivism.When we eat dinner ,we can find that Chinese people emphasize that caring the young, respecting the old.So the arrangement of the seat is regularly.In western countries , the values of individualism plays an important role.People use their own values.Embodies their personal energy This is because in Western philosophy, people tend to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression.They believe that if one can not achieve the goal , that is not destiny ,but their laziness and lack of struggle spirit..It can be seen through the dining system, each of them eat t food on their own plate and choose their favourite food.and the scene that eating the food that hosts provide will not appear.
第三篇:中西方餐桌礼仪比
中西方餐桌礼仪比
人类的饮食文化与生活环境、生产劳动方式密切相关。“吃什么”的问题与自然环境、生产方式密切相关;但“怎么吃”的问题如烹饪、餐具、进餐方式以及一系列的餐桌礼仪等则反映出不同民族的社会生活样式和文化取向。而我通过对《中西文化比》这门课程的学习,从中学习和了解到了:现在社会礼仪无处不在,除了在日常生活中的职场、商务礼仪之外,大部分人经常会忽略餐桌礼仪。其实用餐不单是满足基本生理需要——也是头等重要的社交经验。餐桌礼仪对你我都非常重要,它在中国人的生活秩序中占有一个非常重要的地位。而中西餐在礼仪方面的要求也有许多差别,了解了两者的不同防止失礼于人,同时也让自己举手投足优雅于餐桌之间,所以对于这门课程的选修绝对是十分必要的。
通常说到餐桌礼仪这个话题时我们经常会联想到西餐礼仪的繁多步骤,忽略了中餐礼仪的重要性,作为具有几千年历史的礼仪之邦,中国的餐桌礼仪自然也很全面的,只是在中西融合的今天,中餐礼仪慢慢被人淡化了。中餐的餐桌礼仪实际上同样是非常讲究的,而作为中国人我们首先就应该简单了解一下中餐的餐桌礼仪。
首先,中餐很讲究座位的排序。如果是家宴首先是老人先入座,而且要坐首座,一般以正中为上座(即首座),至于什么是首座和正中位置则视具体情况而定;如果待客当然是客人坐首座,而且最好左右要有陪客之人,方便招呼客人就餐。入座后不能先动筷子,要等长者和客人先起筷,你才能起筷,别看这点似乎很简单,其实不然。有些人也许是性格太急或是饿得饥肠辘辘,看到美食当前就将礼仪放到一边,自顾自得大吃起来,让人甚是尴尬。
其次是喝酒。酒文化在中国太源远流长了,或许酒能拉近彼此距离,国人在待客过节时都会频频举杯。在酒桌上往往会遇到劝酒的现象,有的人总喜欢把酒场当战场,千方百计劝别人多喝几杯,认为不喝到一定量就是不实在。“以酒论英雄”,但有时过分地劝酒,也是十分失礼的做法。
而敬酒更又是一门学问。一般情况下敬酒应以年龄大小、职位高低、宾主身份为序,敬酒前一定要充分考虑好敬酒的顺序,分明主次。与不熟悉的人一起喝酒,也要先打听一下身份或是留意别人如何称呼,避免出现尴尬局面。有求于某位客人在席上时,对他自然要倍加恭敬,但是要注意,如果在场有更高身份或年长的人,要一定先给尊者、长者敬酒,这样才能让众人舒服。
很重要的还有一点进餐时不要打嗝,也不要出现其他声音,比如喝汤、吃面的时候,一定要谨慎些,不要发出“呼噜”声,会让人生厌的。假如打了喷嚏、肠鸣、咳嗽等不由自主的声响时,就要说一声“真不好意思”、“对不起”、“请原凉”之类的话以示歉意。这些都是中国人经常犯得错误,所以你务必要注意,别让人以为你很没有礼貌,这些细节会很影响你的人际关系。
中国地大物博,各地的礼仪也不尽相同。如有些地方过年的鱼是不能吃的,主要是取“年年有余”的好意头,而因为平时很少机会吃鱼,过年做了之后只是摆一下台面,所以你要慎重起筷。有些地方女人和小孩是不能入主席的;再有不准吃汤拌饭或胡乱挑菜等。说了这么多中餐礼仪,作为现代人知道西餐礼仪也是必不可少的大众课,在这里也需要简单的介绍一下,作为基本了解的礼仪知识。
1、西餐的餐具在就餐之前基本都被主人和侍应摆好了,只要遵循由外向内用即可。尽量不要发出餐刀刮碟子的尴尬声音;
2、西方人在就餐的时候很少说话,他们的聊天时间基本是饭后甜点的时候才会开始,许多人会边吃甜品边聊天,也有些边喝酒边聊,而且音量都很低。总之只要在就餐的时候尽量少说话,自然会变得很有教养。
3、中国人喝汤要求不要发出声音即可,西方人亦然。在喝汤的时候发出任何声响都是不礼貌的,你没看到西餐厅总是很安静吗?所以要好好使用汤羹,记住舀汤的时候要由里向外舀,不要像中国人是由外向里舀。吃鱼和吃骨头都有特殊要求的,要弄明白才好上手,否则会好难堪啊,总之记住一条不会用刀叉吃的东西,就暂且别先动手,静观形式,入乡随俗,大不了不吃这道菜嘛。
4、手机:在吃西餐的时候基本上都不会开手机,除非你有非常重要的事情,而手机铃声都会很小声,有电话要给大家说“对不起”,然后起身出去听电话。这一条吃中餐的时候也适用,在用餐的时候听电话走到哪里都是让人唾弃的。
看过中西方就餐的礼仪有什么体会呢?是不是觉得中国礼仪更讲究人和人的秩序,这种礼仪是以中国伦理规则为基础的,形式化地去表现和演绎,突出地宣扬一种“人际”的理念;西方的餐桌礼仪更突出的表现于“人和工具”的和谐应用,相互融合,从这点看来中国人比西方人更懂人情,而西方人也许更理性吧。
讲到吃的礼节,不同的国家或文化常存在着许多差异,亚洲人认为挺礼貌的举动,欧洲人见了可能感到很不文雅;中东国家餐桌上特殊的用餐礼仪,到了美国人的餐桌上使用起来就变成了粗鲁的动作了尽管有着许多不同,谨记下面的各国一些礼仪,免得出丑。在韩国和朝鲜吃饭时不能边谈边吃,并把此作为人人应遵守的礼节,如果随便出声,极可能引起人们的反感。
埃及人在用饭时,也忌交谈,与韩国不同的是不是出于礼貌,而是出于对神的尊敬,如果不遵守就会被认为是对神的亵渎。在斯里兰卡则更进一步、吃喝都不能出声,其中包括喝汤、喝水时也不能出声,他们甚至把此当作一条严格的禁戒。缅甸人更奇,忌禁在用餐时吹口哨或用嘴吹食物,认为这样做会把财源吹跑。
在沙特阿拉伯、也门和阿曼等国家的餐桌上,热情的主人总是不让客人的酒杯空着。表示自己喝够了的唯一办法,是将杯子拿在手中,向两边微晃,这样主人就不再斟酒了。在保加利亚和尼泊尔,当主人请外来的客人喝饮料的时候,客人如果是点头,那就只好看人家喝。因为在这两个国家,习惯上点头是表示“不”,而摇头才表示“是”。
在英国、中东地区的一些国家,对主人提供的饮料,客人以不过三杯为宜。到韩国人家做客则要注意不能喝第四杯饮料,不能吃第四碗饭,不能一次上四个菜肴。西欧则规定不能上第十三道菜肴,不能十三个人同桌共餐。
在印度和中东一些国家,吃饭和拿接食品,只能用右手,绝对不能用左手。因为一般左手是用来洗澡,上厕所的,不洁静,所以用左手拿接食品是不礼貌的。
在匈牙利规矩就更多,如宴会忌单数,尤忌13,打碎玻璃器具是凶兆,星期五是不吉祥的日子。
与英国人一起用餐,吃饭时就忌谈生意,他们是不会加以理睬的。相反,美国人则可边吃边谈,而且还会谈得很起劲,成功率也比较高。
餐桌上的规矩也存在很大的差异,如欧美各国和地区之间,可以说是千差万别的。以刀叉用法而言,有传统的英国式,也有大为轻便的美国式,还有用手抓着吃的印度绅士。但有的普遍通用的规矩就应注意,如果餐桌上遇到自己不喜欢吃的菜,服务员从大盘中依次分给各人的菜盘上时,予以婉谢。一旦将菜接到自己的菜盘上之后,留着不吃,就不够礼貌,还犯了规矩。
在进餐期间,不要抽烟,要等到饭后喝咖啡时,可以抽烟,如有女性同席,应先问声:“可以抽烟吗?”征得同意后,才可抽烟。如邻座女士也要抽烟,应先给她点烟,自己不要先点烟,待有人点烟,自己再点。
在餐桌上祝酒,无论什么样的酒,从饮料到香槟酒等都可以用来祝酒,对别人祝酒如果自己不喝,这是非常失礼的行为。假如你确实喝不下这杯烈性酒,可把酒杯端到嘴边做一个象征性的动作。
另外,餐桌上不要看别人吃东西,这也是不礼貌的行为。在餐桌上还要注意一些规矩,如涉及个人私事,切忌问及。如年龄、工资收入、是否结婚、打扮、容貌及私生活等千万不要过问,以免犯规矩。如遇到棘手的问题,应沉着应付,态度要自然,大方。假如你陷入某种尴尬境地,需要保持冷静,要机智地使自己能顺利解围,不失尊严。
换个角度来看,西方的宴客形式,从正式到非正式,远远多于中国。大致说来,他们有以下八种宴请形式:有席位的宴请(seated dinners),自助餐(buffet dinners),正式午餐(luncheons),招待会(receptions),鸡尾酒会(cocktail parties),聚餐会(BYOB and BYOF=Bring your own bottles and bring your own food),野餐(picnics),茶会(tea parties)。
从传统习俗上说,中国人请客,不论按长、尊、主、次围桌而坐,满桌丰盛的酒菜,主人频频劝酒,客人谦让礼到。中国人觉得这样的宴客方式才能体现主人的热情和诚恳。另外宴客时崇尚热闹欢快的气氛,讲究面子排场。排场之大,气氛之热闹常常令人叹为观止。
较随便的形式则是主人邀上三五知己,到家中由女主人炒几个菜,小酌一番。这种随便的宴客形式不讲究礼仪,不讲究坐次,不讲究饭菜,只讲气氛的和谐、主人的热诚、主客谈话的投机。当然,近年来西方的一些宴客形式,如酒会、招待会、自助餐或冷餐也会传到中国,但这些多是官方或单位出面组织的宴请形式,平民百姓还少有实行。
其次,中西在宴客的观念上有较大的差异。中国人请客吃饭,重在饭菜本身。宴席上的酒菜一定要丰富多彩。如果做得到,一定是山珍海味,美味佳肴。否则,很难称的上是在请客。中国人宴客时重视饭菜本身起源于中国人的传统价值观念:民以食为天;食色性也。在衣食住行四大生活要素中食为首。
西方人的饮食观念不同于中国人,林语堂先生说,英美人仅以“吃”为对一个生物的机器注入燃料,只要他们吃了以后能保持身体的结识,足以抵御病菌的感染,其他皆再不足道中。由于这一点,英语国家的饮食文化,尤其在烹饪方面不但逊色于中国,也远不如法意等国。他们的传统饭菜比较单一乏味。但比较注重营养,力求口味的清淡和膳食的均衡。
中国和英语国家宴客习俗的差异还表现在宴请的礼仪上。中西都讲究正式的宴请活动的坐次安排。西方人请客用长桌,男女主人分坐两端,然后在按男女主宾和一般客人的次序安排座位。中国人传统上用八仙桌。对门为上,两边为偏座。请客时,年长者、主宾或地位高的人坐上座,男女主人或陪客者坐下座,其余客人按顺序坐偏座。在中国,左为尊,右为次;上为尊,下为次;中为尊,偏为次。而在西方,右为尊,左为次。对于餐桌的规矩,西方人进餐用刀叉,中国人用筷子。当然刀叉和筷子的用法都有各自的规矩。
最后,我还要提到中西宴客方面的另一大差异,也就是餐桌气氛上的差异。总的来说是西方餐桌上静,中国餐桌上动。西方人平日好动,挥手耸肩等形体语言特别丰富。但一坐到餐桌上便专心致志的去静静的切割自家的盘中餐。中国人平日好静,一坐上餐桌,便滔滔不绝,相互让菜,劝酒。中国人餐桌上的闹与西方餐桌上的静反映出了中西饮食文化上的根本差异。中国人以食为人生之至乐,所以餐桌上人们尽情的享受这美味佳肴。餐桌上的热闹反映了食客发自内心的欢快。西方人以饮食为生存的必要条件,他们自然要遵守某些规范,以保证机器的正常运转。
通过中西餐桌礼仪的比较,不仅仅反映了各地的文化传统,还折射出不同民族心理、价值观与道德标准、社会关系、社会礼仪和社会风俗等方面,即西方文化主张个人荣誉、自我中心、创新 精神和个性自由,而中国文化主张谦虚谨慎、无私奉献、中庸之道和团结协作;西方人平等意识较强、家庭结 构简单,由父母以及未成年子女组成核心家庭;而中国人等级观念较强,家庭结构较复杂,传统的幸福家庭多 为四代同堂等。
在跨文化交际中,由于文化障碍而导致的信息误解,甚至伤害对方的现象屡见不鲜。有时善意的言谈会使对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。因此,研究不同文化之间的差异,研究正确的跨文化交际行为已成为不可忽视的问题。
第四篇:中西方餐桌礼仪差异
第一张:Hello everyone, my name is 范慧建,my name is 潘文杰
Today we will introduce the difference in table manners between China and western countries to you.第二张: This is Chinese table
第三张: This is western-style table 第四张:Let’s analyze the difference between Chinese table and western-style table.Chinese table is round and it has a meaning of reunion.Western-style table is square.It has a romantic feel 第五张:This is Chinese tableware.Chinese eat with chopsticks.第六张:This is Western-style tableware.第七张: The main of Chinese tableware
Chopsticks and spoon
Chopsticks are the main tableware of Chinese food.It should be held between the thumb(拇指)and fingers of the right hand
Spoon’s main function is scoop(舀取)the food.When you get the soup with spoon.Please be careful and don’t take full soup overflow
The main of western-style tableware
Fork
knife
goblet(高脚杯)
The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your right.At first you hold down the food with a fork, then cut it into small piece with knife , and then fork it into your mouth.第八张:In china, people have dinner in a restaurant.They almost aren’t concerned about their clothes.In western countries, when they have dinner to restaurant.They are very concerned about their clothes.第九张: The arrangement for Chinese food seats(中餐席位的安排)
In the banquet(宴会), the guests of honor sit on the honored seats.The host and the hostess sit on the seats opposite to them.The other guests take the rest seats in order.(在宴会上相对重要的客人坐特定的座位上。男主人和女主人坐在他们的对面)第十张:Western countries seats arrangement(西餐席位安排)
The western banquets are used to using the long table.In normal situation which both the host and the hostess attend, the host and the hostess sit on the two ends of the table.The
guests of honored sit on the right side of the hostess while the wife of the honored guest sits on the right side of the host.(男主人和女主人坐在桌子的两端,宴请的男的客人做在女主人的右手边,女的客人坐在她的左手边)
When they leave their seat, they should be left out from the seat.(从座位的左边走出离开)第十一张:The order of dishes in Chinese food(中餐的上菜顺寻)
According to traditional manners, the meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of meat and vegetable dishes.And then the soup will be served, to be followed by dumplings or noodles or fruit.第十二张:The order of dishes in the western countries
The first dish of western is the first plate and also called appetizer(开胃菜).What’ more, the appetizer is of high quality.Second course was soup.The kinds of soup is a little but is high nutritional.The main course as the fourth western dishes,including beefsteak and vegetable.Western desserts are followed after the main course, such as ice cream, chees, fruit and so on.第十三张:中餐进餐礼仪during Chinese dinner :
Maintain your body straight
Your hands remain stationary 不动
Don’t make any talk with a mouthful 第十四张:西餐进餐礼仪
During western dinner,don’t stare at anyone
Don’t make any worse noise
When you are finished, place your knife and fork together with your fork on the left and knife on the right
第十五张:不同的思维方式
不同的价值观
第五篇:中西方餐桌礼仪差异
中西方餐桌礼仪差异
学院:人文社科
专业班级:文秘1班
学号:10871106
姓名:陈雅 摘要:
餐饮礼仪是饮食文化的一个重要组成部分。由于我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家,思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的,在与西方交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象,严重的影响了交往的顺利进行。餐饮礼仪在交际中占了很重要的地位。我们有必要学习分析中西方在餐饮礼仪方面的差异。
关键词:餐桌礼仪 文化 差异
一.中西方餐桌礼仪差异中的中国餐桌礼仪(一)、入座的礼仪:
就宴会而言,一般都要事先安排好桌次和座次,以方便参加宴会的人都能各就各位,也体现出對客人的尊重。通常,桌次地位的高低以距主桌位置的远近而定。以主人的桌为基准,右高、左低,近高,远低。
就座次的高低而言,主要考虑以下几点:首先,以主人的座位为中心,如果女主人参加时,则以主人和女主人为基准,近高远低,右上左下,依次排列。其次,通常要把主宾安排在最尊贵的位置,即主人的右手位置,主宾夫人安排在女主人的右手位置。再次主人方面的陪客要尽可能与客人相互交叉,便于交谈交流,避免自己人坐在一起,冷落客人。
(二)位序讲究:
1、左高右低:當两人一同并排就座时,通常以右为上座,以左为下座。
2、中座为尊:三人一同就餐时,居中坐者在位次上要高于在其两侧就座之人。
3、面门为上:依照礼仪惯例则应以面對正门者为上坐,以背對正门者为下座。
4、观景为佳:在一些高档餐厅用餐时,室内外有优美的景致或高雅的演出可供用餐者观赏,此时应以观赏角度最佳处为上座。
5、临墙为好:在某些中低档餐厅用餐时,为了防止过往侍者和食客的干扰,通常以靠墙之位为上座,靠过道之位为下座。
6、临台为上:宴会厅内若有专用的讲台时,应该以靠讲台的餐桌为主桌,如果没有专用讲台,有时候以背邻主要画幅的那张餐桌为主桌。
7、各桌同向:如果是宴会场所,各桌子上的主宾位都要与主桌主位保持同一方向。
8、以远为上:當桌子纵向排列时,以距离宴会厅正门的远近为准,距门越远,位次越高贵。
(三)、进餐时的礼仪
先请客人.长着动筷子.夹菜时每次少一些.离自己远的菜就少吃一些.吃饭时不要出声音.喝汤时也不要出声响,喝汤用汤匙一小口一小口地喝.不宜把碗端到嘴边喝,汤太热时凉了以后再喝.不要一边吹一边喝.有的人吃饭喜欢用咀嚼食物.特别是使劲咀嚼脆食物,发出很清晰的声音来.这种做法是不合礼仪要求的.特别是和众人一起进餐时,就要尽量防止出现这种现象。
进餐时不要打嗝,也不要出现其他声音,如果出现打喷嚏,肠鸣等不由自主的声响时,就要说一声“真不好意思”.;对不起;.“请原凉”.之内的话.以示歉意。
如果要给客人或长辈布菜.最好用公筷.也可以把离客人或长辈远的菜肴送到他们跟前,按我们中华民族的习惯.菜是一个一个往上端的.如果同桌有领导,老人,客人的话.每当上来一个新菜时就请他们先动筷子.或着轮流请他们先动筷子.以表示对他们的重视。
吃到鱼头,鱼刺,骨头等物时,不要往外面吐,也不要往地上仍.要慢慢用手拿到自己的碟子里,或放在紧靠自己餐桌边或放在事先准备好的纸上。
要适时地抽空和左右的人聊几句风趣的话,以调和气氛.不要光着头吃饭,不管别人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一顿,更不要贪杯。
最好不要在餐桌上剔牙.如果要剔牙时,就要用餐巾或手挡住自己的嘴巴。
(四)、离席时的礼仪
中途离席:中途离席的一些技巧,你不能不了解。和主人打过招呼,应该马上就走,不要拉着主人在大门大聊个没完。因为当天对方要做的事很多,现场也还有许多客人等待他(她)去招呼,你占了主人太多时间,会造成他(她)在其他客人面前失礼。
普通离席:离席时.必须向主人表示感谢.或者就此时邀请主人以后到自己家做客,以示回谢。
(五)中国人使用筷子的十二大禁忌
三长两短 仙人指路 品箸留声 击盏敲盅 执箸巡城 迷箸刨坟 泪箸遗珠 颠倒乾坤 定海神针 当众上香 交十字 落地惊神
一. 中西方餐桌礼仪差异中的西方餐桌礼仪
西方就餐的礼仪以自然、实际为主,不讲客套、谦让,但用餐中的规矩却很多。
(一)、进入餐厅:
1.进入高级餐厅,应等候带位,不可自行就座,最好能事先订位。
2.西餐习惯上由左侧入座,男士应协助女士入座,坐姿端正且尽量靠近椅背,女性可将皮包置於椅背间不可置於桌面。
(二)、使用口布:
1.口布(餐巾)应摊开后对折铺在大腿上,不宜扎在裤腰上或围在衣领上。2.口布可用於遮油烟、防止汤汁滴落在衣物、擦嘴(用反摺的内侧来擦),但不可擦脸、擦汗、擦餐具、擤鼻涕。
(三)、西餐顺序:
(开胃酒)→开胃菜→汤→鱼类→主菜(肉类)→水果→点心→饮料(咖啡或茶)→*自助餐亦同
(四)、餐具的使用:
1.餐桌上摆放的刀叉有一定顺序,一般以三套刀叉居多,使用原则左叉右刀,用餐时由外向内,由上而下,依次取用。2.刀叉的用法 分美国式和欧洲式两种,美式用法是切完肉把刀放在盘子上,叉子从左手换到右手,然后用叉子叉起切好的肉。欧式用法则始终为左手拿叉,右手拿刀。
3.冷盘用叉,吃鱼用银刀叉,吃肉用钢刀叉,吃生菜用叉,布丁或点心用叉或匙,水果用刀叉。
4.切肉从左边开始,切一块吃一块,不可切一大块分数口吃,或一次全切开再吃。
5.吃有骨头的肉时,可以用手拿著吃。若想吃得更优雅,还是用刀较好。6.吃鱼时可以用左手拿著面包,右手拿著刀子,把刺拨开。7.若餐具掉落应请服务员拾起换新,不可捡起擦拭使用。
(五)、葡萄酒品尝:
1.饮酒方式先观其色,再闻其香,后品其味。
2.红酒配红肉、白酒配白肉、香槟可当开胃酒(也可佐餐)。
3.握杯应握杯脚,倒酒不可超过1/2,不可加入冰块,喝时先以口布擦嘴。
(六)、特殊吃法:
1.面包应以手撕开约一口之小块,涂上奶油食用,不可用叉子叉。
2.洗手盅(花瓣)通常在上必须用手的菜或甜点之前送上,碗内盛有温水,还有一些小花般的饰物,用时可将双手的手指在水中轻轻搓洗一下,再以口布擦乾。3.义大利面应以叉子卷起,再以汤匙辅助,不可吸食。
4.在欧洲,当第一道菜端上来时就可以吃了,在美国则要等最后一个人上好菜后才开始进餐。
(七)、离开座位:
1.刀叉分开成八字型置於餐盘上,叉在左边面朝下,刀在右边与叉形成一个角;不可放在桌面沾污桌巾,口布折好放於椅面上。
2.用毕将刀叉合并置於盘上的右边或中间,离开时将口布折好放於桌面左侧。3.礼貌并婉转告知对方,但无须讲的太直接,以化妆室代替厕所。4.若需要服务,可用眼神向他示意或微微把手抬高,侍者会马上过来。
(八)、.咖啡喝法:
1.先加入糖溶解,再加入奶精,咖啡匙用於搅拌。2.杯耳转向右,咖啡匙置於上方盛盘上,趁热喝完。
当今世界的礼仪内容更加广泛和复杂,这就需要我们在保持原有的传统礼仪的基础上去适应和接受西方的礼仪,我们应在适当的场合用适当的礼仪,既反对“全盘西化”,又反对“抱残守缺”。我们借鉴西方礼仪,不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式,更应当借鉴其内任灵魂,只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感,才能确立我 的感染力。只有认清中西方餐饮礼仪文化的差异,将二者合理有效地融合,方能建立适合中。当代社会的礼仪文化体系,达成和持社会的理想。