机械专业术语英文翻译[样例5]

第一篇：机械专业术语英文翻译

陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams

共轭曲线 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定义域 definitional domain 值域 range 导数微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation 定积分 definite integral 不定积分 indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential 毛坯 rough 游标卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻丝 tap 二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix 线性方程组 linear equations 概率 probability 随机变量 random variable 排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy

势能 potential energy 机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy

动量 momentum 桁架 truss 轴线 axes 余子式 cofactor 逻辑电路 logic circuit 触发器 flip-flop 脉冲波形 pulse shape 数模 digital analogy 液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism 机械零件 mechanical parts 淬火冷却 quench 淬火 hardening 回火 tempering 调质 hardening and tempering 磨粒 abrasive grain 结合剂 bonding agent 砂轮 grinding wheel 后角 clearance angle 龙门刨削 planing

主轴 spindle 主轴箱 headstock 卡盘 chuck 加工中心 machining center 车刀 lathe tool 车床 lathe 钻削 镗削 bore 车削 turning 磨床 grinder 基准 benchmark 钳工 locksmith 锻 forge 压模 stamping 焊 weld 拉床 broaching machine 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure

切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring

制动器 arrester brake 十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴器 coupling 链 chain 皮带 strap 精加工 finish machining 粗加工 rough machining 变速箱体 gearbox casing 腐蚀 rust 氧化 oxidation 磨损 wear 耐用度 durability 随机信号 random signal 离散信号 discrete signal 超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate 残余应力 residual stress 套筒 sleeve 扭力 torsion 冷加工 cold machining 电动机 electromotor

汽缸 cylinder 过盈配合 interference fit 热加工 hotwork 摄像头 CCD camera 倒角 rounding chamfer 优化设计 optimal design 工业造型设计 industrial moulding design 有限元 finite element 滚齿 hobbing 插齿 gear shaping 伺服电机 actuating motor 铣床 milling machine 钻床 drill machine 镗床 boring machine 步进电机 stepper motor 丝杠 screw rod 导轨 lead rail 组件 subassembly 可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining 电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire-cutting 相图 phase diagram

热处理 heat treatment 固态相变 solid state phase changes 有色金属 nonferrous metal 陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component

零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint

曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams 共轭曲线 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定义域 definitional domain 值域 range 导数微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation 定积分 definite integral 不定积分 indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential 毛坯 rough 游标卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻丝 tap 二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix 线性方程组 linear equations 概率 probability 随机变量 random variable

排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy 势能 potential energy 机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum

桁架 truss

轴线 axes

余子式 cofactor

逻辑电路 logic circuit

触发器 flip-flop

脉冲波形 pulse shape

数模 digital analogy

液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism

机械零件 mechanical parts

淬火冷却 quench

淬火 hardening

回火 tempering

调质 hardening and tempering

磨粒 abrasive grain

结合剂 bonding agent

砂轮 grinding wheel

Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图 Conveyer 流水线物料板 Rivet table 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子

Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 开箱检查

fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板 barcode 条码

barcode scanner 条码扫描器 fuse together 熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管

supervisor 课长 ME 制造工程师

MT 制造生技

cosmetic inspect 外观检查 inner parts inspect 内部检查 thumb screw 大头螺丝 lbs.inch 镑、英寸 EMI gasket 导电条 front plate 前板 rear plate 后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel 面板 power button 电源按键 reset button 重置键

Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试 Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts 塑胶件 SOP 制造作业程序

material check list 物料检查表 work cell 工作间 trolley 台车 carton 纸箱 sub-line 支线

left fork 叉车

personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手

hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床

planer |plein|刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床

linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机

staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务

president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长

deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor课长

deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 assistant manager助理

to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库 pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 锉毛刺 final inspection终检 to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾湿台 Tiana天那水 cleaning cloth抹布

to load material上料 to unload material卸料

to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skr?pid|报废 scrape..v.刮;削

deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程

deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良 oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化 scratch刮伤 dents压痕

defective upsiding down抽芽不良 defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块

feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲 production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件 forklift叉车

trailer=long vehicle拖板车

compound die合模 die locker锁模器

pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓

administration/general affairs dept总务部 automatic screwdriver电动启子 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器

defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 location地点

present members出席人员 subject主题 conclusion结论 decision items决议事项 responsible department负责单位 pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日

approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办 PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表 model机锺

work order工令 revision版次 remark备注

production control confirmation生产确认 checked by初审 approved by核准 department部门

stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表 on-hand inventory现有库存 available material良品可使用 obsolete material良品已呆滞

to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工 total合计

cause description原因说明 part number/ P/N 料号 type形态

item/group/class类别 quality品质

prepared by制表 notes说明

year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表

physical inventory盘点数量

physical count quantity帐面数量 difference quantity差异量 cause analysis原因分析 raw materials原料 materials物料 finished product成品 semi-finished product半成品 packing materials包材

good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品 defective product/non-good parts不良品 disposed goods处理品 warehouse/hub仓库 on way location在途仓 oversea location海外仓

spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单 spare molds location模具备品仓 skid/pallet栈板 tox machine自铆机 wire EDM线割 EDM放电机 coil stock卷料 sheet stock片料

tolerance工差 score=groove压线 cam block滑块 pilot导正筒 trim剪外边 pierce剪内边 drag form压锻差

pocket for the punch head挂钩槽 slug hole废料孔 feature die公母模 expansion dwg展开图 radius半径 shim(wedge)楔子

torch-flame cut火焰切割 set screw止付螺丝 form block折刀 stop pin定位销

round pierce punch=die button圆冲子 shape punch=die insert异形子 stock locater block定位块 under cut=scrap chopper清角 active plate活动板

baffle plate挡块 cover plate盖板 male die公模 female die母模 groove punch压线冲子

air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆 spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板 bushing block衬套 insert 入块 club car高尔夫球车 capability能力 parameter参数 factor系数 phosphate皮膜化成 viscosity涂料粘度 alkalidipping脱脂 main manifold主集流脉 bezel斜视规 blanking穿落模 dejecting顶固模

demagnetization去磁;消磁 high-speed transmission高速传递

heat dissipation热传 rack上料 degrease脱脂 rinse水洗 alkaline etch龄咬 desmut剥黑膜 D.I.rinse纯水次 Chromate铬酸处理 Anodize阳性处理 seal封孔 revision版次 part number/P/N料号 good products良品 scraped products报放心品 defective products不良品 finished products成品 disposed products处理品 barcode条码 flow chart流程表单 assembly组装 stamping冲压 molding成型

spare parts=buffer备品

coordinate座标 dismantle the die折模 auxiliary fuction辅助功能 poly-line多义线 heater band 加热片 thermocouple热电偶 sand blasting喷沙 grit 砂砾

derusting machine除锈机 degate打浇口 dryer烘干机 induction感应 induction light感应光

response=reaction=interaction感应 ram连杆

edge finder巡边器 concave凸 convex凹 short射料不足 nick缺口 speck瑕疵 shine亮班

splay 银纹 gas mark焦痕 delamination起鳞 cold slug冷块 blush 导色 gouge沟槽;凿槽 satin texture段面咬花 witness line证示线 patent专利 grit沙砾

granule=peuet=grain细粒 grit maker抽粒机 cushion缓冲 magnalium镁铝合金 magnesium镁金 metal plate钣金 lathe车 mill锉 plane刨 grind磨 drill铝 boring镗 blinster气泡

fillet镶;嵌边

through-hole form通孔形式 voller pin formality滚针形式 cam driver铡楔 shank摸柄 crank shaft曲柄轴 augular offset角度偏差 velocity速度

production tempo生产进度现状 torque扭矩

spline=the multiple keys花键 quenching淬火 tempering回火 annealing退火 carbonization碳化

tungsten high speed steel钨高速的 moly high speed steel钼高速的 organic solvent有机溶剂 bracket小磁导 liaison联络单 volatile挥发性 resistance电阻

ion离子 titrator滴定仪 beacon警示灯 coolant冷却液 crusher破碎机

阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm 安全系数 safety factor;factor of safety 安全载荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity 扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring 半圆键 woodruff key 变形 deformation 摆杆 oscillating bar 摆动从动件 oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear 摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion 摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel 包角 angle of contact

保持架 cage 背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement 背锥 back cone ； normal cone 背锥角 back angle 背锥距 back cone distance 比例尺 scale 比热容 specific heat capacity 闭式链 closed kinematic chain 闭链机构 closed chain mechanism 臂部 arm 变频器 frequency converters 变频调速 frequency control of motor speed 变速 speed change 变速齿轮 change gear change wheel 变位齿轮 modified gear 变位系数 modification coefficient 标准齿轮 standard gear 标准直齿轮 standard spur gear 表面质量系数 superficial mass factor 表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness 并联式组合 combination in parallel

并联机构 parallel mechanism 并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering 并行设计 concurred design, CD 不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance 不平衡 imbalance(or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing 波发生器 wave generator 波数 number of waves 补偿 compensation 参数化设计 parameterization design, PD 残余应力 residual stress 操纵及控制装置 operation control device 槽轮 Geneva wheel 槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate 槽凸轮 groove cam 侧隙 backlash 差动轮系 differential gear train 差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential

常用机构 conventional mechanism;mechanism in common use 车床 lathe 承载量系数 bearing capacity factor 承载能力 bearing capacity 成对安装 paired mounting 尺寸系列 dimension series 齿槽 tooth space 齿槽宽 spacewidth 齿侧间隙 backlash 齿顶高 addendum 齿顶圆 addendum circle 齿根高 dedendum 齿根圆 dedendum circle 齿厚 tooth thickness 齿距 circular pitch 齿宽 face width 齿廓 tooth profile 齿廓曲线 tooth curve 齿轮 gear 齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack 齿轮插刀 pinion cutter;pinion-shaped shaper cutter

齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构 gear 齿轮轮坯 blank 齿轮传动系 pinion unit 齿轮联轴器 gear coupling 齿条传动 rack gear 齿数 tooth number 齿数比 gear ratio 齿条 rack 齿条插刀 rack cutter;rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain 齿形系数 form factor 齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机 gear shaper 重合点 coincident points 重合度 contact ratio 冲床 punch 传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置 gearing;transmission gear 传动系统 driven system 传动角 transmission angle 传动轴 transmission shaft

串联式组合 combination in series 串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control 创新 innovation creation 创新设计 creation design 垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load 唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal 磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing 从动带轮 driven pulley 从动件 driven link, follower 从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face 从动件停歇 follower dwell 从动件运动规律 follower motion 从动轮 driven gear 粗线 bold line 粗牙螺纹 coarse thread 大齿轮 gear wheel 打包机 packer 打滑 slipping 带传动 belt driving 带轮 belt pulley 带式制动器 band brake

单列轴承 single row bearing 单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing 单万向联轴节 single universal joint 单位矢量 unit vector 当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear;virtual gear 当量齿数 equivalent teeth number;virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction 当量载荷 equivalent load 刀具 cutter 导数 derivative 倒角 chamfer 导热性 conduction of heat 导程 lead 导程角 lead angle 等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion;constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律 uniform motion;constant velocity motion 等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam 等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam 等效构件 equivalent link 等效力 equivalent force 等效力矩 equivalent moment of force

等效量 equivalent 等效质量 equivalent mass 等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia 等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model 底座 chassis 低副 lower pair 点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting 垫圈 gasket 垫片密封 gasket seal 碟形弹簧 belleville spring 顶隙 bottom clearance 定轴轮系 ordinary gear train;gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics 动密封 kinematical seal 动能 dynamic energy 动力粘度 dynamic viscosity 动力润滑 dynamic lubrication 动平衡 dynamic balance 动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine 动态特性 dynamic characteristics 动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design

动压力 dynamic reaction 动载荷 dynamic load 端面 transverse plane 端面参数 transverse parameters 端面齿距 transverse circular pitch 端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile 端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module 端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge 对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial(or in-line)roller follower 对心直动从动件 radial(or in-line)translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower 对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank(or crank-slider)mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing 多楔带 poly V-belt 多项式运动规律 polynomial motion 多质量转子 rotor with several masses 惰轮 idle gear 额定寿命 rating life

额定载荷 load rating II 级杆组 dyad 发生线 generating line 发生面 generating plane 法面 normal plane 法面参数 normal parameters 法面齿距 normal circular pitch 法面模数 normal module 法面压力角 normal pressure angle 法向齿距 normal pitch 法向齿廓 normal tooth profile 法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm 法向力 normal force 反馈式组合 feedback combining 反向运动学 inverse(or backward)kinematics 反转法 kinematic inversion 反正切 Arctan 范成法 generating cutting 仿形法 form cutting 方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD 防振装置 shockproof device 飞轮 flywheel

飞轮矩 moment of flywheel 非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear 非接触式密封 non-contact seal 非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation 非圆齿轮 non-circular gear 粉末合金 powder metallurgy 分度线 reference line;standard pitch line 分度圆 reference circle;standard(cutting)pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder 分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder 分母 denominator 分子 numerator 分度圆锥 reference cone;standard pitch cone 分析法 analytical method 封闭差动轮系 planetary differential 复合铰链 compound hinge 复合式组合 compound combining 复合轮系 compound(or combined)gear train 复合平带 compound flat belt 复合应力 combined stress 复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构 complex mechanism

杆组 Assur group 干涉 interference 刚度系数 stiffness coefficient 刚轮 rigid circular spline 钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft 刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse(shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor 刚性轴承 rigid bearing 刚性联轴器 rigid coupling 高度系列 height series 高速带 high speed belt 高副 higher pair 格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law 根切 undercutting 公称直径 nominal diameter 高度系列 height series 功 work 工况系数 application factor 工艺设计 technological design 工作循环图 working cycle diagram 工作机构 operation mechanism

工作载荷 external loads 工作空间 working space 工作应力 working stress 工作阻力 effective resistance 工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment 公法线 common normal line 公共约束 general constraint 公制齿轮 metric gears 功率 power 功能分析设计 function analyses design 共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles 共轭凸轮 conjugate cam 构件 link 鼓风机 blower 固定构件 fixed link;frame 固体润滑剂 solid lubricant 关节型操作器 jointed manipulator 惯性力 inertia force 惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force 惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force 惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force

惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia 惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia 冠轮 crown gear 广义机构 generation mechanism 广义坐标 generalized coordinate 轨迹生成 path generation 轨迹发生器 path generator 滚刀 hob 滚道 raceway 滚动体 rolling element 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller 滚针轴承 needle roller bearing 滚子 roller 滚子轴承 roller bearing 滚子半径 radius of roller 滚子从动件 roller follower 滚子链 roller chain 滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆 ball screw 滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch

过度切割 undercutting 函数发生器 function generator 函数生成 function generation 含油轴承 oil bearing 耗油量 oil consumption 耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H.Hertz equation 合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force 合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box 横坐标 abscissa 互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears 花键 spline 滑键、导键 feather key 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 滑动率 sliding ratio 滑块 slider 环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm 环形弹簧 annular spring 缓冲装置 shocks;shock-absorber 灰铸铁 grey cast iron

回程 return 回转体平衡 balance of rotors 混合轮系 compound gear train 积分 integrate 机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构 mechanism 机构分析 analysis of mechanism 机构平衡 balance of mechanism 机构学 mechanism 机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism 机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism 机构综合 synthesis of mechanism 机构组成 constitution of mechanism 机架 frame, fixed link 机架变换 kinematic inversion 机器 machine 机器人 robot 机器人操作器 manipulator 机器人学 robotics 技术过程 technique process 技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation

技术系统 technique system 机械 machinery 机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD 机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD 机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery 机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery 机械动力学 dynamics of machinery 机械的现代设计 modern machine design 机械系统 mechanical system 机械利益 mechanical advantage 机械平衡 balance of machinery 机械手 manipulator 机械设计 machine design;mechanical design 机械特性 mechanical behavior 机械调速 mechanical speed governors 机械效率 mechanical efficiency 机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms 机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes 基础机构 fundamental mechanism 基本额定寿命 basic rating life 基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD

基圆 base circle 基圆半径 radius of base circle 基圆齿距 base pitch 基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle 基圆柱 base cylinder 基圆锥 base cone 急回机构 quick-return mechanism 急回特性 quick-return characteristics 急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio 急回运动 quick-return motion 棘轮 ratchet 棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism 棘爪 pawl 极限位置 extreme(or limiting)position 极位夹角 crank angle between extreme(or limiting)positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD 计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM 计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算力矩 factored moment;calculation moment 计算弯矩 calculated bending moment 加权系数 weighting efficient

加速度 acceleration 加速度分析 acceleration analysis 加速度曲线 acceleration diagram 尖点 pointing;cusp 尖底从动件 knife-edge follower 间隙 backlash 间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism 减速比 reduction ratio 减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear 减速器 speed reducer 减摩性 anti-friction quality 渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid 渐开线 involute 渐开线齿廓 involute profile 渐开线齿轮 involute gear 渐开线发生线 generating line of involute 渐开线方程 involute equation 渐开线函数 involute function 渐开线蜗杆 involute worm 渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute 渐开线花键 involute spline 简谐运动 simple harmonic motion

键 key 键槽 keyway 交变应力 repeated stress 交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load 交叉带传动 cross-belt drive 交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears 胶合 scoring 角加速度 angular acceleration 角速度 angular velocity 角速比 angular velocity ratio 角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing 角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing 铰链、枢纽 hinge 校正平面 correcting plane 接触应力 contact stress 接触式密封 contact seal 阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft 结构 structure 结构设计 structural design 截面 section

节点 pitch point 节距 circular pitch;pitch of teeth 节线 pitch line 节圆 pitch circle 节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle 节圆直径 pitch diameter 节圆锥 pitch cone 节圆锥角 pitch cone angle 解析设计 analytical design 紧边 tight-side 紧固件 fastener 径节 diametral pitch 径向 radial direction 径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load 径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load 径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing 径向平面 radial plane 径向游隙 radial internal clearance 径向载荷 radial load 径向载荷系数 radial load factor

径向间隙 clearance 静力 static force 静平衡 static balance 静载荷 static load 静密封 static seal 局部自由度 passive degree of freedom 矩阵 matrix 矩形螺纹 square threaded form 锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form 矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor 绝对运动 absolute motion 绝对速度 absolute velocity 均衡装置 load balancing mechanism 抗压强度 compression strength 开口传动 open-belt drive 开式链 open kinematic chain 开链机构 open chain mechanism 可靠度 degree of reliability 可靠性 reliability 可靠性设计 reliability design, RD 空气弹簧 air spring

空间机构 spatial mechanism 空间连杆机构 spatial linkage 空间凸轮机构 spatial cam 空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair 空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain 空转 idle 宽度系列 width series 框图 block diagram 雷诺方程 Reynolds‘s equation 离心力 centrifugal force 离心应力 centrifugal stress 离合器 clutch 离心密封 centrifugal seal 理论廓线 pitch curve 理论啮合线 theoretical line of action 隶属度 membership 力 force 力多边形 force polygon 力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive(or force-closed)cam mechanism 力矩 moment 力平衡 equilibrium 力偶 couple

力偶矩 moment of couple 连杆 connecting rod, coupler 连杆机构 linkage 连杆曲线 coupler-curve 连心线 line of centers 链 chain 链传动装置 chain gearing 链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel 联组 V 带 tight-up V belt 联轴器 coupling shaft coupling 两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam 临界转速 critical speed 六杆机构 six-bar linkage 龙门刨床 double Haas planer 轮坯 blank 轮系 gear train 螺杆 screw 螺距 thread pitch 螺母 screw nut 螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear 螺钉 screws 螺栓 bolts

第二篇：机械英文翻译

Cutting tool design Physics of metal-cutting provide the theoretical framework by which we must examine all other elements of cutting tool design.We have workpiece materials from a very soft, buttery consistency to very hard and shear resistant.Each of the workpiece materials must be handled by itself;the amount of broad information that is applicable to each workpiece material is reduced as the distinctions between workpiece characteristics increase.Not only is there a vast diversity of workpiece materials, but there is also a variety of shapes of tools and tool compositions.The tool designer must match the many variables to provide the best possible cutting geometry.There was a day when trial and error was normal for this decision, but today, with the ever-increasing variety of tools, trial and error is far too expensive.The designer must develop expertise in applying date and making comparisons on the basis of the experience of others.For example: tool manufactures and material salesmen will have figures their companies have developed.The figures are meant to be guidelines;however, a careful examination of the literature available will provide an excellent place from which to start, and be must cheaper than trial and error.Material removal by machining involves interaction of five elements: the cutting tool, the toolholding and guiding device, the workholder, the workpiece, and the machine.The cutting tool may have a single cutting edge or may have many cutting edges.It may be designed for linear or rotary motion.The geometry of the cutting tool depends upon its intended function.The toolholding device may or may not be used for guiding or locating.Toolholder selection is governed by tool design and intended function.The physical composition of the workpiece greatly influences the selection of the machining method, the tool composition and geometry, the rate of material removal.The intended shape of the workpiece influences the selection of the machining method and the choice of linear or rotary tool travel.The composition and geometry of the workpiece to a great extent determines the workholder requirements.Workholder selection also depends upon forces produced by the tool on the workpiece.Tool guidance may be incorporated into the workholding function.Successful design of tools for the material removal processes requires, above all, a complete understanding of cutting tool function and geometry.This knowledge will enable the designer to specify the correct tool for a given task.The tool, in turn, will govern the selection of toolholding and guidance methods.Tool forces govern selection of the workholding device.Although the process involves interaction of the five elements, everything begins with and is based on what happens at the point of contact between the workpiece and cutting tool.The primary method of imparting form and dimension to a workpiece is the removal of material by the use of edged cutting tools.An oversize mass is literally carved to its intended shape.The removal of material from a workpiece is termed generation of form by machining, or simply machining.Form and dimension may also be achieved by a number of alternative processes such as hot or cold extrusion, sand casting, die casting, and precision casting.Sheet metal can be formed or drawn by the application of pressure.In addition to machining, metal removal can be accomplished by chemical or electrical methods.A great variety of workpiece may be produced without resorting to a machining operation.Economic considerations, however, usually dictate form generation by machining either as the complete process or in conjunction with another process.Cutting tools are designed with sharp edges to minimize rubbing contact between the tool and workpiece.Variations in the shapes of the cutting tool influence tool life, surface finish of the workpiece, and the amount of force required to shear a chip from the parent metal.The various angles on a tool compose what is often termed tool geometry.The tool signature or nomenclature is a sequence of alpha and numeric characters representing the various angles, signification dimensions, special features, and the size of the nose radius.This method of identification has been standardized by the American National Standards Institute for carbide and for high speed steel.

第三篇：物流(航运)专业术语英文翻译

Gross Registered Tonnage(GRT)注册(容积)总吨 Net Registered Tonnage(NRT)注册(容积)净吨 Deadweight Tonnage(All Told)(DWT or D.W.A.T)总载重吨位(量)Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位 Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage(DWCT)净载重吨 Light Displacement 轻排水量

Load(Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量 Actual Displacement 实际排水量 Over weight surcharge 超重附加费

Bunker Adjustment Factor(Surcharge)(BAS or BS)燃油附加费

Port Surcharge 港口附加费

Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor(CAF)货币贬值附加费

Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费 Direct Additional 直航附加费

Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费 Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费

Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费 Bill of Lading 提单

On Board(Shipped)B/L 已装船提单

Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单 Named B/L 记名提单 Bearer B/L 不记名提单 Order B/L 指示提单

Blank Endorsement 空白备书 Clean B/L 清洁提单

In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好

Unclean(Foul, Dirty)B/L 不清洁提单 Direct B/L 直航提单 Transshipment B/L 转船提单 Through B/L 联运提单

Multi-modal(Inter-modal, combined)transport B/L 多式联运提单 Long Form B/L 全式提单 Short Form B/L 简式提单 Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单 Advanced B/L 预借提单 Stale B/L 过期提单 On Deck B/L 甲板货提单

Newbuilding 新船

Nippon kaiji kyokai(NKK)日本船级社

No cure no pay 无效果无报酬

Not otherwise enumerated(N.O.E.)不另列举

Nominate a ship 指定船舶进行航行

To be nominated(TBN)指定船舶

Non-conference line(Independent line ,Outsider)非公会成员的航运公司

Non-delivery 未交货

Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提单

Non-reversible laytime 不可调配使用的装卸时间

Non-vessel owning(operating)common carrier(NVOCC)无船承运人

Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全搁浅

Note protest 作海事声明

Notice of redelivery 还船通知书

Notify party 通知方

Ocean(Liner, Sea)waybill 海运单

Off hire 停租

Oil tanker 油轮

On-carriage 货运中转

On-carrier 接运承运人

One-way pallet 单边槽货盘

Open hatch bulk carrier 敞舱口散货船

Open rate 优惠费率

Open rated cargo 优惠费率货物

Open side container 侧开式集装箱

Open top container 开顶集装箱

Operate a ship 经营船舶

Optional cargo 选港货物

Ore/bulk/oil carrier 矿石/散货/油轮

Out of gauge 超标(货物)Outport 小港

Outturn 卸货

Outturn report 卸货报告

Outward 进港的

Overheight cargo 超重货物

Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸货

Overload 超载

Overstow 堆码

Overtime(O/T)加班时间

Overtonnaging 吨位过剩

Owner′s agents 船东代理人 Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单 House B/L 运输代理行提单 Seaworthiness 船舶适航

Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同 Time Charter Party 定期租船合同

Bareboat(demise)Charter Party 光船租船合同 Common carrier 公共承运人 Private carrier 私人承运人 Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同

Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同 Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同 Contract of Affreightment(COA)包运合同 Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同Fixture Note 租船确认书 Free In(FI)船方不负责装费 Free Out(FO)船方不负责卸费

Free In and Out(FIO)船方不负责装卸费 Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费

Declaration of ship′s Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书

Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料 Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费

Weather working days(W.W.D)良好天气工作日 Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶准备就绪通知书 Idle formality 例行手续

Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表 Damage for Detention 延期损失

Customary Quick Despatch(CQD)习惯快速装运 International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code(IMDG)国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Shipping Order(S/O)装货单(下货纸)Mate′s Receipt 收货单 Loading List 装货清单

Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Stowage Plan 货物积载计划 Dangerous Cargo List 危险品清单 Stowage Factor 积载因素(系数)Inward cargo 进港货 Outward cargo 出港货

Container yard(CY)集装箱堆场

Container Freight Station(CFS)集装箱货运站

Package limitation 单位(赔偿)责任限制

Packing list 装箱单

Pallet 托(货)盘

Pallet truck 托盘车

Palletized 托盘化的Panamax 巴拿马型船

Parcel 一包，一票货

Performance claim 性能索赔

Perishable goods 易腐货物

Permanent dunnage 固定垫舱物

Per freight ton(P.F.T.)每运费吨

Phosphoric acid carrier 磷酸船

Piece weight 单重

Pier 突码头

Pier to pier 码头至码头运输

Piggy –back 驮背运输

Pilferage 偷窃

Pilot 引航员

Pilotage 引航

Pilotage dues 引航费

Platform平台

Platform flat平台式集装箱

Pooling(班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制

Port 港口，船的左舷

Port of refuge 避难港

Portable unloader 便携式卸货机

Post fixture 订约后期工作

Post-entry 追补报关单

Preamble(租船合同)前言

Pre-entry 预报单

Pre-shipment charges 运输前费用

Pre-stow 预定积载

Private form 自用式租船合同

Pro forma charter-party 租约格式

Produce carrier 侧开式集装箱

Product(products)carrier 液体货运输船

Promotional rate 促销费率

Prospects 预期

Protecting(protective, supervisory)agent 船东利益保护人

Protection and indemnity club(association)(P.& I.Club ,Pandi club)船东保赔协会

Protective clauses 保护性条款

Protest 海事声明

Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单 Conventional Container Ship 集装箱两用船 Semi-container Ship 半集装箱船 Full Container Ship 全集装箱船 Full Container Load(FCL)整箱货 Less Container Load(LCL)拼箱货 Delivery Order(D/O)提货单(小提单)Dock receipt 场站收据

Twenty equivalent unit(TEU)二十尺集装箱换算单位

Equipment Interchange Receipt(EIR)集装箱设备交接单

Demurrage 滞期费 Crew List 船员名册 Log book 航行日志 Liner transport 班轮运输

Tramp transport 不定期(租船)运输 Minimum Freight 工 最低运费 Maximum Freight 最高运费

Accomplish a Bill of Lading(to)付单提货 Ad valorem freight 从价运费

Address commission(Addcomm)回扣佣金 Adjustment 海损理算 Average adjuster 海损理算师 Average bond 海损分摊担保书 Average guarantee 海损担保书 Act of God 天灾 All in rate 总运费率 Annual survey 检验 All purposes(A.P)全部装卸时间 All time saved(a.t.s)节省的全部时间 Always afloat 始终保持浮泊 Anchorage 锚地 Anchorage dues 锚泊费 Arbitration award 仲裁裁决 Arbitrator 仲裁员 Arrest a ship 扣押船舶 Area differential 地区差价

Addendum(to a charter party)(租船合同)附件 Apron 码头前沿

Bale or bale capacity 货舱包装容积 Back(return)load 回程货 Back to back charter 转租合同 Backfreight 回程运费

Pumpman 泵工

Purchase(吊杆)滑车组

Quarter ramp 船尾跳板

Quarter-deck 后甲板

Quay 码头

Quote 报价

Ramp 跳板

Ramp/hatch cover(跳板)舱口盖

Rate 费率 Rate of demurrage 滞期费率

Rate of discharge(discharging)卸货率

Rate of freight 运费率

Rate of loading 装货

Receiving dates 收货期间

Recharter 转租

Recovery agent 追偿代理

Redelivery(redly)还船

Redelivery certificate 还船证书

Refrigerated(reefer)container 冷藏集装箱

Refrigerated(reefer)ship 冷藏船

Register 登记，报到

Register(registered)tonnage 登记吨位

Registration 登记，报到

Registro Italiano Navale(R.I.)意大利船级社

Release a bill of lading 交提单

Release cargo 放货

Remaining on board(R.O.B.)船上所有

Removable deck 活动甲板

Reporting point(calling-in-point)报告点

Reposition containers 调配集装箱

Respondentia loan 船货抵押贷款

Return cargo 回程货

Return load 回程装载

Reversible laytime 可调配的装卸时间

Roads(roadstead)港外锚地

Rolling cargo 滚装货物

Rolling hatch cover 滚动舱单

Roll-on roll-off(Ro-ro)滚上滚下

Roll-on roll-off ship 滚装船

Rotation 港序

Round voyage 往返航次

Round the world(service)(R.T.W.)全球性服务Run aground 搁浅

Running days 连续日

Safe aground 安全搁浅

Ballast(to)空载行驶 Barge 驳船 Barratry 船员不轨 Barrel handler 桶抓 Base cargo(1)垫底货 Base cargo(2)起运货量 Bundle(Bd)捆(包装单位)Beam 船宽

Bearer(of a B/L)提单持有人 Both ends(Bends)装卸两港 Boatman 缆工 Buoy 浮标

Bunker escalation clause 燃料涨价条款 Derrick 吊杆 Fork-lift truck 铲车

Boom of a fork-lift truck 铲车臂

Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款 Book space 洽订舱位 Bottom 船体

Bottom stow cargo 舱底货 Bottomry loan 船舶抵押贷款 Breakbulk 零担

Breakbulk cargo 零担货物 Broken stowage 亏舱 Brokerage 经纪人佣金 Bulk cargo 散装货 Bulk carrier 散货船 Bulk container 散货集装箱

American Bureau of Shipping(A.B.S.)美国船级社Bureau Veritas(B.V.)法国船级社 Cabotage 沿海运输

Canal transit dues 运河通行税 Capsize vessel 超宽型船 Captain 船长

Car carrier 汽车运输船 Car container 汽车集装箱 Cargo hook 货钩 Cargo sharing 货载份额

Cargo superintendent 货物配载主管 Cargo tank 货箱

Cargo tracer 短少货物查询单 Cargoworthiness 适货 Carryings 运输量

Certificate of seaworthiness 适航证书

Safe berth(s.b)安全泊位

Safe port(S.P)安全港口

Safe working load 安全工作负荷

Safety radio-telegraphy certificate 无线电报设备安全证书

Said to contain(s.t.c.)(提单术语)内货据称

Sail 航行,离港

Sailing schedule(card)船期表

Salvage charges 救助费

Salvage agreement 救助协议

Salve 救助

Salvor 救助人

Saturdays,Sundays and holidays excepted(S.S.H.E.X.)星期

六、日与节假日除外

Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included(S.S.H.I.N.C)星期

六、日与节假日包括在内

Scancon 斯堪人航次祖租船合同

Scanconbill 斯堪人航次祖租船合同提单

Scantlings 构件尺寸

Special commodity quotation(SCQ)特种商品报价Scrap terminal 废料场

Single deck ship(s.d.)单层甲板船

Sea waybill Seal

Secure(to)固定

Segregated ballast tank 分隔压载水舱

Self-sustaining ship 自备起重机的集装箱船

Self-trimming ship(self-trimmer)自动平舱船

Self-unloader 自卸船

Semi-trailer 半脱车

Separation 隔票

Service contract 服务合同

Shears(shear-legs)人字(起重)架

Sheave 滑轮

Shelter-deck 遮蔽甲板船

Shift 工班

Shift(to)移泊，移位

Shifting charges 移泊费

Shipbroker 船舶经纪人

Shipping 航运，船舶，装运

Shipping instructions 装运须知

Shipping line 航运公司

Ship′s gear 船上起重设备

Ship′s rail 船舷

Cesser clause 责任终止条款 Chassis 集装箱拖车 Claims adjuster 理赔人

Classification certificate 船级证书 Classification register 船级公告 Classification society 船级社 Classification survey 船级检验 Paramount clause 首要条款 Clean(petroleum)products 精练油 Clean the holds(to)清洁货舱 Closing date 截至日 Closure of navigation 封航

Collapsible flattrack 折叠式板架集装箱 Completely knocked down(CKD)全拆装 Compulsory pilotage 强制引航 Conference 公会 Congestion 拥挤

Congestion surcharge 拥挤费 Con-ro ship 集装箱/滚装两用船 Consecutive voyages 连续航程 Consign 托运 Consignee 收货人 Consignor 发货人

Consignment 托运；托运的货物 Consolidation(groupage)拼箱 Consortium 联营 Constants 常数

Container barge 集装箱驳船 Container leasing 集装箱租赁 Containerization 集装箱化

Containerised 已装箱的，已集装箱化的 Containership 集装箱船

Contamination(of cargo)货物污染 Contributory value 分摊价值 Conveyor belt 传送带

Corner casting(fitting)集装箱(角件)Corner post 集装箱(角柱)Crane 起重机

Crawler mounted crane 履带式(轨道式)起重机 Custom of the port(COP)港口惯例 Customary assistance 惯常协助 Daily running cost 日常营运成本 Deadfreight 亏舱费

Deadweight(weight)cargo 重量货

Ship′s tackle 船用索具

Shipyard 造船厂

Shore 货撑

Shore gear 岸上设备(岸吊)Short sea近海

Short shipment 短装

Shortage 短少

Shortlanded cargo 短卸货物

Shut out(to)短装

Side door container 侧门集装箱

Side-loading trailer 侧向装卸拖车

Similar sbustitue(sim.sub.)相似替换船Single hatch ship 单舱船

Sister ship 姐妹船

Skid 垫木

Skip 吊货盘

Sliding hatch cover 滑动舱盖

Sling 吊货索(链)环，吊起

Slop tank 污水箱

Slops 污水

Slot 箱位

Special equipment 特殊设备

Specific gravity(s.g.)比重

Spiral elevator 螺旋式卸货机

Spreader 横撐(集装箱吊具)Squat 船身下沉

Starboard(side)右舷

Statement of facts 事实记录

Stem 船艏，装期供货

Stem a berth 预订泊位

Stern 船尾

Stevedore 装卸工人

Stevedor′s(docker’s,hand)hook 手钩

Stevedoring charges 装卸费用

Stiff 稳性过大

Stranding 搁浅

Strengthened hold 加固舱

Strike clause 罢工条款

Strike-bound 罢工阻碍

Strip(destuff)a container 卸集装箱

Strip seal 封条

Stuff(to)装集装箱

Sub-charterer 转租人

Sub-freight 转租运费

Deadweight cargo(carrying)capacity 载货量 Deaiweight scale 载重图表 Deck cargo 甲板货

Delivery of cargo(a ship)交货(交船)Despatch or Despatch money 速遣费 Destuff 卸集装箱

Det Norske Veritas(D.N.V.)挪威船级社 Deviation 绕航

Direct discharge(车船)直卸 Direct transshipment 直接转船

Dirty(Black)(petroleum)products(D.P.P.)原油 Disbursements 港口开支 Discharging port 卸货港 Disponent owner 二船东 Dock 船坞 Docker 码头工人 Door to door 门到门运输 Downtime(设备)故障时间 Draft(draught)吃水；水深 Draft limitation 吃水限制

Dropping outward pilot(D.O.P.)引航员下船时 Dry cargo 干货

Dry cargo(freight)container 干货集装箱 Dry dock 干船坞

Demurrage half despatch(D1/2D)速遣费为滞期费的一半

Efficient deck hand(E.D.H.)二级水手 Elevator 卸货机

Enter a ship inwards(outwards)申请船舶进港(出港)Entrepot 保税货

Equipment 设备(常指集装箱)Equipment handover charge 设备使用费 预计到达时间

Estimated time of completion(ETC)预计完成时间Estimated time of departure(ETD)预计离港时间 Estimated time of readiness(ETR)预计准备就绪时间

Estimated time of sailing(ETS)预计航行时间 Europallet 欧式托盘

Even if used(E.I.U.)即使使用 Excepted period 除外期间 Exception 异议

Exceptions clause 免责条款

Subject(sub.)details 有待协商的细节

Subject free(open)待定条款

Subject(sub.)stem 装期供货待定

Subrogation 代位追偿权

Substitue 替代船，替换

Substitution 换船

Suit time 起诉期

Summer draught 夏季吃水

Summer freeboard 夏季干舷

Support ship 辅助船

Tackle 索具(滑车)Tally 理货

Tally clerk 理货员

Tally sheet(book)理货单

Tank car 槽车

Tank cleaning 油舱清洗

Tank container 液体集装箱

Tank terminal(farm)油灌场

Tanker 油轮

Tariff 费率表

Tarpaulin 油布

Tender 稳性过小

Terminal chassis 场站拖车

Terminal handling charge 场站操作费

Through rate 联运费率

Tier limit(limitation)层数限制

Time bar 时效丧失

Time charter 期租

Time sheet 装卸时间表

Tolerated outsider 特许非会员公司

Tomming(down)撑货

Tones per centimeter(TPI)每厘米吃水吨数

Tones per day(TPD)每天装卸吨数

Tones per inch(TPI)每英寸吃水吨数

Top stow cargo 堆顶货

Total deadweight(TDW)总载重量

Tracer(货物)查询单

Tractor 牵引车

Trading limits 航行范围

Trailer 拖车

Transfer(equipment handover)charge 设备租用费

Transship(trans-ship)转船

Transhipment(transshipment,trans-shipment)转

Excess landing 溢卸 Expiry of laytime 装卸欺瞒 Extend suit time 延长诉讼时间 Extend a charter 延长租期 Extension of a charter 租期延长 Extension to suit time 诉讼时间延长 Extreme breadth 最大宽度 Fairway 航道

Feeder service 支线运输服务 Feeder ship 支线船 Ferry 渡轮

First class ship 一级船

Flag of convenience(FOC)方便旗船 Floating crane 浮吊 Floating dock 浮坞 Force majeure 不可抗力 Fork-lift truck 铲车

Forty foot equivalent unit(FEU)四十英尺集装箱换算单位

Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘 Freeboard 干

Freight all kinds(FAK)包干运费

Freight canvasser 揽货员

Freight collect(freight payable at destination)运费到付

Freight prepaid 运费预付

Freight quotation 运费报价

Freight rate(rate of freight)运费率

Freight tariff 运费费率表

Freight ton(FT)运费吨

Freight manifest 运费舱单

Freighter 货船

Fresh water load line 淡水载重线

Fridays and holidays excepted(F.H.E.X.)星期五和节假日除外

Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货

Full and down 满舱满载

Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同

General average 共同海损

General average act 共同海损行为

General average contribution 共同海损分摊

General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲

General cargo(generals)杂货

船

Transit cargo 过境货物

Transporter crane 轨道式起重机

Tray 货盘

Trim平舱

Trim a ship 调整船舶吃水

Tug 拖轮

Turn round(around , or turnaround)time 船舶周转时间

Turn time 等泊时间

Tween deck 二层甲板

Twin hatch vessel 双舱口船

Two-way pallet 两边开槽托盘

Ultra large crude carrier(ULCC)超大型油轮

Uncontainerable(uncontainerisable)cargo 不适箱货

Under deck shipment 货舱运输

Unit load 成组运输

Unitisation 成组化

Universal bulk carrier(UBC)通用散装货船

Unload 卸货

Unmoor 解揽

Unseaworthiness 不适航

Utilization 整箱货

Valuation form 货价单

Valuation scale 货价表

Vehicle /train ferry 汽车/火车渡轮

Ventilated container 通风集装箱

Ventilation 通风

Ventilator 通风器

Vessel 船舶，船方

Vessel sharing agreement(V.S.A.)船舶共用协议

Void filler 填充物

Voyage account 航次报表

Voyage(trip)charter 航次租船

Waybill 货运单

Weather permitting(w.p)天气允许

Weather working day 晴天工作日

Weather-bound 天气阻挠

With effect from(w.e.f)自生效

Weight cargo 重量货

Weight or measure(measurement)(W/M)重量/体积

Weight rated cargo 计重货物 General purpose container 多用途集装箱

Geographical rotation 地理顺序

Germanischer Lloyd(G.L.)德国船级社

Greenwich Mean Time(G.M.T.)格林威治时间

Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机

Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容

Gross weight(GW)毛重

Grounding 触底

Gunny bag 麻袋

Gunny matting 麻垫

Hague Rules 海牙规则

Hague-Visby Rules 海牙维斯比规则

Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则

Hand hook 手钩

Handymax 杂散货船

Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船

Harbour 海港

Harbour dues 港务费

Hatch(hatch cover)舱盖

Hatchway 舱口

Head charter(charter party)主租船合同

Head charterer 主租船人

Heavy lift 超重货物

Heavy lift additional(surcharge)超重附加费

Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆

Heavy weather 恶劣天气

Heavy fuel oil(H.F.O)重油

Hire statement 租金单

Hold 船舱

Home port 船籍港

Homogeneous cargo 同种货物

Hook 吊钩

Hopper 漏斗

House Bill of Lading 运输代理行提单

Hovercraft 气垫船

Husbandry 维修

Inland container depot 内陆集装箱

Ice-breaker 破冰船

Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款

Idle(船舶、设备)闲置

Immediate rebate 直接回扣

International Maritime Organization(IMO)国际海事组织

Import entry 进口报关

Well 货井，井区

Wharf 码头

Wharfage(charges)码头费

When where ready on completion of discharge(w.w.r c.d.)何时何处还船

Whether in berth or not(w.i.b.o.n.)无论靠泊与否

Whether in free pratique or not(w.i.f.p.o.n.)无论是否通过检验

Whether in port or not(w.i.p.o.n.)不论是否在港内

White(clean, clean petroleum)products 精炼油

Wide laycan 长销约期

Workable(working)hatch 可工作舱口

Working day 工作日

Working day of 24 consecutive hours 连续24小时工作日

Working day of 24 hours 24小时工作日

Working time saved(w.t.s.)节省的装卸时间

Yard(shipyard)造船厂

International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)国际民用航空组织

International Air Transport Association(IATA)国际航空运输协会

Scheduled Airline 班机运输

Chartered Carrier 包机运输

Consolidation 集中托运

Air Express 航空快递

Air Waybill 航空运单

Master Air Waybill(MAWB)航空主运单

House Air Waybill(HAWB)航空分运单

Chargeable Weight 计费重量

High density cargo 重货

Low density cargo 轻货

Specific Commodity Rates(SCR)特种货物运价

Commodity Classification Rates(CCR)等价货物运价

General Cargo Rates(GCR)普通货物运价

Unit Load Devices(ULD)集装设备

Construction Rate 比例运价

Combination of Rate 分段相加运价

Valuation Charges 声明价值费

Declared value for Carriage 运输声明价值

No value Declared(NVD)不要求声明价值

Declared value for Customs 海关声明价值 Indemnity 赔偿

Inducement 起运量

Inducement cargo 起运量货物

Inflation adjustment factor(IAF)通货膨胀膨胀调整系数

Infrastructure(of a port)(港口)基础设施

Inherent vice 固有缺陷

Institute Warranty Limits(IWL)(伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围

Insufficient packing 包装不足

Intaken weight 装运重量

International Association of Classification Societies(IACS)国际船级社协会

Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货物

International Transport Workers’ Federation(ITF)国际运输工人联合会

Itinerary 航海日程表

Jettison 抛货

Joint service 联合服务

Joint survey 联合检验

Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆

Jurisdiction(Litigation)clause 管辖权条款

Knot 航速(节)Laden 满载的

Laden draught 满载吃水

Landbridge 陆桥

Landing charges 卸桥费

Landing,storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎

Lashings 绑扎物

Latitude 纬度

Lay-by berth 候载停泊区

Laydays(laytime)装卸货时间

Laydays canceling(Laycan或L/C)销约期

Laytime saved 节省的装卸时间

Laytime statement 装卸时间记录

Lay up 搁置不用

Leg(of a voyage)航段

Length overall(overall length ,简称LOA)(船舶)总长

Letter of indemnity 担保书(函)Lien 留置权

Lift-on lift-off(LO-LO)吊上吊下

No customs valuation(NCV)无声明价值

LOGISTICS 物流

LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 物流产业

LOGISTICS ACTIVITY 物流活动

LOGISTICS OPERATION 物流作业

LOGISTICS COST 物流成本

LOGISTICS MODULUS 物流模数

LOGISTICS CENTRE 物流中心

LOGISTICS NETWORK 物流网络

LOGISTICS ALLIANCE 物流联盟

BUSINESS LOGISTICS 企业物流

SOCIETAL LOGISTICS 社会物流

THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS(TPL)第三方物流

LEAN LOGISTICS 精益物流

VIRTUAL LOGISTICS 虚拟物流

CUSTOMIZATION LOGISTICS 定制物流

value-ADDED LOGISTICS SERVICE 增值物流服务 SUPPLY CHAIN 供应链

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(SCM)供应链管理 SUPPLY CHIAN INTEGRATION 供应链整合PHYSICAL PRODUCTION 产品配送

INTEGRATED LOGISTICS 综合物流

MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING(MRP I)物料需求计划

MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING(MRP II)制造资源计划

DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT PLANNING(DRP I)配送需求计划

DISTRIBUTION RESOURCE PLANNING(DRP II)配送资源计划

LOSGISTICS RESOURCE PLANNING(LRP)物流资源计划

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING(ERP)企业资源计划

QUICK RESPONSE(QR)快速反应 EFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE(ECR)有效客户反应

CONTINUOUS REPLENISHMENT PROGRAM(CRP)连续补充库存计划

COMPUTER ASSISTED ORDING(CAO)计算机辅助订货系统

VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY(VMI)供应商管理库存

ELECTRONIC ORDER SYSTEM(EOS)电子订货系统

Lighter 驳船

Limitation of liability 责任限制

Line(shipping line)航运公司

Liner(liner ship)班轮

Liner in free out(LIFO)运费不包括卸货费

Liner terms 班轮条件

Lloyd′s Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社

Loadline(load line)载重线

Loading hatch 装货口

Log abstract 航海日志摘录

Long length additional 超长附加费

Long ton 长吨

Longitude 经度

Lump sum charter 整笔运费租赁

Maiden voyage 处女航

Main deck 主甲板

Main port 主要港口

Manifest 舱单

Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明书

Maritime lien 海事优先权

Marks and numbers 唛头

Mate′s receipt 大副收据

Mean draught平均吃水

Measurement cargo 体积货物

Measurement rated cargo 按体积计费的货物

Measurement rules 计量规则

Merchant(班轮提单)货方

Merchant haulage 货方拖运

Merchant marine 商船

Metric ton 公吨

Misdelivery 错误交货

Misdescription 错误陈述

Mixed cargo 混杂货

Mobile crane 移动式起重机

More or less(mol.)增减

More or less in charterer’s option(MOLCHOP)承租人有增减选择权

More or less in owner’s option(MOLOO)船东有增减选择权

Mother ship 母船

Multideck ship 多层甲板船

Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船

Multi-purpose terminal 多用途场站

Narrow the laycan 缩短销约期

ADVANCED SHIPPING NOTICE(ASN)预先发货通知

DIRECT STORE DELIVERY(DSD)店铺直送

POINT OF SALE(POS)销售实点(信息)系统

AUTOMATIC REPLENISHMENT(AR)自动补货系统

JUST IN TIME(JIT)准时制

OUTSOURCING 业务外包(外协，外购)INVENTORY CONTROL 存货控制

WAREHOUSE 仓库

BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税仓库

AUTOMATIC WAREHOUSE 自动化仓库

STEREOSCOPIC WAREHOUSE 立体仓库

VIRTUAL WAREHOUSE 虚拟仓库

WAREHOUSE LAYOUT 仓库布局

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(WMS)仓库管理系统

ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY(EOQ)经济订货批量

FIXED-QUANTITY SYSTEM(FQS)定量订货方式

FIXED-INTERVAL SYSTEM(FIS)定期订货方式

ABC CLASSIFICIATION ABC分类法

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE(DC)配送(分拨)中心

CONTRACT LOGISTICS 合同物流

FULL-SERVICE DISTRIBUTION COMPANY(FSDC)全方位物流服务公司

SAFETY STOCK 安全库存

LEAD TIME 备货时间

INVENTORY CYCLE TIME 库存周期

CYCLE STOCK 订货处理周期

CROSS DOCKING 交叉配送(换装)GOODS SHED 料棚

GOODS STACK 货垛

GOODS YARD 货场

GOODS SHELF 货架

PALLET 托盘

STACKING 堆码

SORTING 分拣

ORDER PICKING 拣选

GOODS COLLECTION 集货

ASSEMBLY 组配

DISTRIBUTION PROCESSING 流通加工

ZERO INVENTORY 零库存

value-ADDED NETWORK 增值网

BAR CODE 条形吗 Net weight 净重

New Jason clause 新杰森条款

New York Produce Exchange charter-party(NYPE)纽约土产交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式

OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION 光学文字识别

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE(EDI)电子数据交换

RADIO FREQUENCY(RF)无线射频

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS)全球定位系统

GEORGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM(GIS)地理信息系统

CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造 decision analysis 决策分析 engineering economy 工程经济 facilities planning 设施 industrial safety 工业安全 quality control 质量治理 QA 质量保证 QC 质量控制

HSE安全、环境与健康管理体系 OSHMS是职业安全健康管理体系 Center of gravity 重心 Spreader beam 分布梁 Shearing force 剪力 Bending movement 弯矩 Acceleration 加速度 Impact recorder 冲击记录仪

Environmental project logistics 工程项目绿色物流 Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租约)charter party航次租船合同

Voyage Contract of Affreightment(COA)包运合同

Free In(FI)船方不负责装费

Free Out(FO)船方不负责卸费

Free In and Out(FIO)船方不负责装卸费

Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费

Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶准备就绪通知书

Stowage Plan货物积载计划

Stowage Factor积载因素(系数)Demurrage滞期费

Log book航行日志

Derrick吊杆

Forklift 铲车

Both to blame collision clause互有过失碰撞条款 Broken stowage亏舱

Capsize vessel超宽型船

Certificate of seaworthiness适航证书

Crawler mounted crane履带式(轨道式)起重机

Freight ton(FT)运费吨

Gantry crane门式起重机(门吊)

第四篇：机械专业课程英文翻译

机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Engineering Graphing85

机械工程材料Mechanical Engineering Material90

工程力学Engineering Mechanics89

机械原理Principle of Mechanics85

机械原理课程设计Course Exercise for Principle of Mechanicsgood良好 机械设计Mechanical Design80

机械设计课程设计Course Exercise for Mechanical Designgood良好 液压与气压传动Hydraulic & Pneumatic Technology89

机械制造技术基础Fundamentals of Manufacturing Technology77

机械制造装备设计Modern Manufacturing Equipment Design84

电工与电子技术Mechanical Electric Electronic Control Technique86

微型计算机原理Principle and Application of Microcomputer81

互换性与测量技术Fundamentals of Exchangeability and Measurement Technology 77

机械工程控制基础Introduction to Control Engineering85

计算机数控技术Technology and Application of Numerical Control Programming 77

PLCPrinciple and Application of PLC82

模具制造技术Mould Manufacture Technology76

传感器与测试技术Measurement and Testing Technology81

计算机辅助设计Computer-aided Design86

机械系统设计Mechanical System Design88

生产实习Production Practical Traininggood良好

机械制图、机械工程材料、工程力学、机械原理、机械原理课程设计、机械设计、机械设计课程设计、液压与气压传动、机械制造技术基础、机械制造装备设计、电工与电子技术、微型计算机原理、互换性与测量技术、机械工程控制基础、计算机数控技术、PLC、模具制造技术、传感器与测试技术、计算机辅助设计、机械系统设计、生产实习等

由于在大二第一学期就过了英语6级，所以，从那个时候起，一直都在通过选修口语课，加入英语角，看美剧，晨读等方式学英语口语，因此口语水平良好，可以和以英语为母语的人进行交流。

Descriptive Geometry & Engineering Graphing85

Mechanical Engineering Material90

Engineering Mechanics89

Principle of Mechanics85

Course Exercise for Principle of Mechanicsgood

Mechanical Design80

Course Exercise for Mechanical Designgood

Hydraulic & Pneumatic Technology89

Fundamentals of Manufacturing Technology77

Modern Manufacturing Equipment Design84

Mechanical Electric Electronic Control Technique86 Principle and Application of Microcomputer81

Fundamentals of Exchangeability and Measurement Technology 77 Introduction to Control Engineering85

计Technology and Application of Numerical Control Programming Principle and Application of PLC82

Mould Manufacture Technology76

Measurement and Testing Technology81

Computer-aided Design86

Mechanical System Design88

Production Practical Traininggood

Course Exercise for Fundamentals of Manufacturing Technology

Course Exercise for Modern Manufacturing Equipment Design77

第五篇：机械专业英文翻译

Design of machine and machine elements Machine design Machine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to accomplish specific purposes.In general, a machine will consist of a combination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together, as a whole.During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading, type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials.Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken.In general, the lowest over-all costs are designed.Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design, manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance.The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible.The engineer in charge of the design of a machine should not only have adequate technical training, but must be a man of sound judgment and wide experience, qualities which are usually acquired only after considerable time has been spent in actual professional work.Design of machine elements

The principles of design are, of course, universal.The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument, or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment.In no ease, however, should mathematical calculations be looked upon as absolute and final.They are all subject to the accuracy of the various assumptions, which must necessarily be made in engineering work.Sometimes only a portion of the total number of parts in a machine are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.The form and size of the remaining parts are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design computations may then be made for almost all the parts.The purpose of the design calculations is, of course, to attempt to predict the stress or deformation in the part in order that it may sagely carry the loads, which will be imposed on it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine.All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests.A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests such as tension, compression, torsion, and fatigue and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.In addition, it has been amply proved that such details as surface condition, fillets, notches, manufacturing tolerances, and heat treatment have a market effect on the strength and useful life of a machine part.The design and drafting departments must specify completely all such particulars, must specify completely all such particulars, and thus exercise the necessary close control over the finished product.As mentioned above, machine design is a vast field of engineering technology.As such, it begins with the conception of an idea and follows through the various phases of design analysis, manufacturing, marketing and consumerism.The following is a list of the major areas of consideration in the general field of machine design: ① Initial design conception;

② Strength analysis;③ Materials selection;④ Appearance;⑤ Manufacturing;⑥ Safety;⑦ Environment effects;⑨ Reliability and life;

Strength is a measure of the ability to resist, without fails, forces which cause stresses and strains.The forces may be;① Gradually applied;② Suddenly applied;2

③ Applied under impact;④ Applied with continuous direction reversals;⑤ Applied at low or elevated temperatures.If a critical part of a machine fails, the whole machine must be shut down until a repair is made.Thus, when designing a new machine, it is extremely important that critical parts be made strong enough to prevent failure.The designer should determine as precisely as possible the nature, magnitude, direction and point of application of all forces.Machine design is mot, however, an exact science and it is, therefore, rarely possible to determine exactly all the applied forces.In addition, different samples of a specified material will exhibit somewhat different abilities to resist loads, temperatures and other environment conditions.In spite of this, design calculations based on appropriate assumptions are invaluable in the proper design of machine.Moreover, it is absolutely essential that a design engineer knows how and why parts fail so that reliable machines which require minimum maintenance can be designed.Sometimes, a failure can be serious, such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speeds.On the other hand, a failure may be no more than a nuisance.An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in the automobile cooling system.The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant, a condition which is readily detected and corrected.The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude.Generally speaking, dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulties than static loads and, therefore, fatigue strength must be considered.Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle.For example, brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved.In general, the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure, which include the following: ① Stress;② Deformation;3

③ Wear;④ Corrosion;⑤ Vibration;⑥ Environmental damage;⑦ Loosening of fastening devices.The part sizes and shapes selected must also take into account many dimensional factors which produce external load effects such as geometric discontinuities, residual stresses due to forming of desired contours, and the application of interference fit joint.Selected from” design of machine elements”, 6th edition, m.f.sports, prentice-hall, inc., 1985 and “machine design”, Anthony Esposito, charles e., Merrill publishing company, 1975.Quality assurance and control

Product quality is of paramount importance in manufacturing.If quality is allowed deteriorate, then a manufacturer will soon find sales dropping off followed by a possible business failure.Customers expect quality in the products they buy, and if a manufacturer expects to establish and maintain a name in the business, quality control and assurance functions must be established and maintained before, throughout, and after the production process.Generally speaking, quality assurance encompasses all activities aimed at maintaining quality, including quality control.Quality assurance can be divided into three major areas.These include the following: ①Source and receiving inspection before manufacturing;②In-process quality control during manufacturing;③Quality assurance after manufacturing.Quality control after manufacture includes warranties and product service extended to the users of the product.Source and receiving inspection before manufacturing

Quality assurance often begins ling before any actual manufacturing takes place.This may be done through source inspections conducted at the plants that

supply materials, discrete parts, or subassemblies to manufacturer.The manufacturer’s source inspector travels to the supplier factory and inspects raw material or premanufactured parts and assemblies.Source inspections present an opportunity for the manufacturer to sort out and reject raw materials or parts before they are shipped to the manufacturer’s production facility.The responsibility of the source inspector is to check materials and parts against design specifications and to reject the item if specifications are not met.Source inspections may include many of the same inspections that will be used during production.Included in these are: ①Visual inspection;②Metallurgical testing;③Dimensional inspection;④Destructive and nondestructive inspection;⑤Performance inspection.Visual inspections

Visual inspections examine a product or material for such specifications as color, texture, surface finish, or overall appearance of an assembly to determine if there are any obvious deletions of major parts or hardware.Metallurgical testing

Metallurgical testing is often an important part of source inspection, especially if the primary raw material for manufacturing is stock metal such as bar stock or structural materials.Metals testing can involve all the major types of inspections including visual, chemical, spectrographic, and mechanical, which include hardness, tensile, shear, compression, and spectr5ographic analysis for alloy content.Metallurgical testing can be either destructive or nondestructive.Dimensional inspection

Few areas of quality control are as important in manufactured products as dimensional requirements.Dimensions are as important in source inspection as they are in the manufacturing process.This is especially critical if the source supplies parts for an assembly.Dimensions are inspected at the source factory

using standard measuring tools plus special fit, form, and function gages that may required.Meeting dimensional specifications is critical to interchangeability of manufactured parts and to the successful assembly of many parts into complex assemblies such as autos, ships, aircraft, and other multipart products.Destructive and nondestructive inspection

In some cases it may be necessary for the source inspections to call for destructive or nondestructive tests on raw materials or p0arts and assemblies.This is particularly true when large amounts of stock raw materials are involved.For example it may be necessary to inspect castings for flaws by radiographic, magnetic particle, or dye penetrant techniques before they are shipped to the manufacturer for final machining.Specifications calling for burn-in time for electronics or endurance run tests for mechanical components are further examples of nondestructive tests.It is sometimes necessary to test material and parts to destruction, but because of the costs and time involved destructive testing is avoided whenever possible.Examples include pressure tests to determine if safety factors are adequate in the design.Destructive tests are probably more frequent in the testing of prototype designs than in routine inspection of raw material or parts.Once design specifications are known to be met in regard to the strength of materials, it is often not necessary to test further parts to destruction unless they are genuinely suspect.Performance inspection

Performance inspections involve checking the function of assemblies, especially those of complex mechanical systems, prior to installation in other products.Examples include electronic equipment subcomponents, aircraft and auto engines, pumps, valves, and other mechanical systems requiring performance evaluation prior to their shipment and final installation.Selected form “modern materials and manufacturing process”

Electro-hydraulic drum brakes Application

The YWW series electro-hydraulic brake is a normally closed brake, suitable for horizontal mounting.It is mainly used in portal cranes, bucket stacker/reclaimers’slewing mechanism.The YKW series electro-hydraulic brake is a normally opened brake, suitable for horizontal mounting, employing a thruster as actuator.with the foot controlling switch the operator can release or close the brake.It is mainly used for deceleration braking of portal cranes’slewing mechanism.In a non-operating state the machinery can be braked by a manual close device.The RKW series brake is a normally opened brake, which is operated by foot driven hydraulic pump, suitable for horizontal mounting.Mainly used in the slewing mechanism of middle and small portal cranes.When needed, the brake is activated by a manual closed device.Main design features Interlocking shoes balancing devices(patented technology)constantly equalizes the clearance of brake shoes on both sides and made adjustment unnecessary, thus avoiding one side of the brake lining sticking to the brake wheel.The brake is equipped with a shoed autoaligning device.Main hinge points are equipped with self-lubricating bearing, making high efficiency of transmission, long service life.Lubricating is unnecessary during operation.Adjustable bracket ensure the brake works well.The brake spring is arranged inside a square tube and a surveyor’s rod is placed on one side.It is easy to read braking torque value and avoid measuring and computing.Brake lining is of card whole-piece shaping structure, easy to replace.Brake linings of various materials such as half-metal(non-asbestos)hard and half-hard, soft(including asbestos)substance are available for customers to choose.All adopt the company’s new types of thruster as corollary equipment which work accurately and have long life.Hydraulic Power Transmission The Two Types Of Power Transmission

In hydraulic power transmission the apparatus(pump)used for conversion of the mechanical(or electrical,thermal)energy to hydraulic energy is arranged on the input of the kinematic chain ,and the apparatus(motor)used for conversion of the hydraulic energy to mechanical energy is arranged on the output(fig.2-1)

The theoretical design of the energy converters depends on the component of the bernouilli equation to be used for hydraulic power transmission.In systerms where, mainly, hydrostatic pressure is utilized, displacement(hydrostatic)pumps and motors are used, while in those where the hydrodynamic pressure is utilized is utilized gor power transmission hydrodynamic energy converters(e.g.centrifugal pumps)are used.The specific characteristic of the energy converters is the weight required for transmission of unit power.It can be demonstrated that the use of hydrostatic energy converters for the low and medium powers, and of hydrodynamic energy converters of high power are more favorite(fig.2-2).This is the main reason why hydrostatic energy converters are used in industrial apparatus.transformation of the energy in hydraulic transmission.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.driving motor(electric, diesel engine);mechanical energy;pump;

hydraulic energy;

hydraulic motor;mechanical energy;

load variation of the mass per unit power in hydrostatic and hydrodynamic energy converters

1、hydrostatic;2.hydrodynamic Only displacement energy converters are dealt with in the following.The

elements performing converters provide one or several size.Expansion of the working chambers in a pump is produced by the external energy admitted, and in the motor by the hydraulic energy.Inflow of the fluid occurs during expansion of the working chamber, while the outflow(displacement)is realized during contraction.Such devices are usually called displacement energy converters.The Hydrostatic Power

In order to have a fluid of volume V1 flowing in a vessel at pressure work spent on compression W1 and transfer of the process, let us imagine a piston mechanism(fig.2-3(a))which may be connected with the aid of valves Z0 and Z1 to the external medium under pressure P0 and reservoir of pressure p1.in the upper position of the piston(x=x0)with Z0 open the cylinder chamber is filled with fluid of volume V0 and pressure P0.now shut the value Z0 and start the piston moving downwards.If Z1 is shut the fluid volume in position X=X1 of the piston decreases from V0 to V1, while the pressure rises to P1.the external work required for actuation of the piston(assuming isothermal change)is W1=-∫0x0(P-P0)Adx=-∫v1v0(P-P0)dv

Select from Hydraulic Power Transmission

机器和机器零件的设计

机器设计

机器设计为了特定的目的而发明或改进机器的一种艺术。一般来讲，机器时有多种不同的合理设计并有序装配在一起的部件构成的，在最初的机器设计阶段，必须基本明确负载、元件的运动情况、工程材料的合理使用性能。负责新机器的设计最初的最重要的是经济性考虑。一般来说，选择总成本最低的设计方案，不仅要考虑设计、制造、销售、安装的成本。还要考虑服务的费用，机械要保证必要的安全性能和美观的外形。

制造机器的目标不仅要追求保证只用功能的合理寿命，还要保证足够便宜以同时保证其经济的可行性。负责设计机器的工程师，不仅要经过专业的培训，而且必须是一个准确判断而又有丰富经验的人，具有一种有足够时间从事专门的实际工作的素质。

机器零件的设计

相同的理论或方程可应用在一个一起的非常小的零件上，也可用在一个复杂的设备的大型相似件上，既然如此，毫无疑问，数学计算是绝对的和最终的。他们都符合不同的设想，这必须由工程量决定。有时，一台机器的零件全部计算仅仅是设计的一部分。零件的结构和尺寸通常根据实际考虑。另一方面，如果机器和昂贵，或者质量很重要，例如飞机，那麽每一个零件都要设计计算。

当然，设计计算的目的是试图预测零件的应力和变形，以保证其安全的带动负载，这是必要的，并且其也许影响到机器的最终寿命。当然，所有的计算依赖于这些结构材料通过试验测定的物理性能。国际上的设计方法试图通过从一些相对简单的而基本的实验中得到一些结果，这些试验，例如结构复杂的及现代机械设计到的电压、转矩和疲劳强度。

另外，可以充分证明，一些细节，如表面粗糙度、圆角、开槽、制造公差和热处理都对机械零件的强度及使用寿命有影响。设计和构建布局要完全详细地说明每一个细节，并且对最终产品进行必要的测试。

综上所述，机械设计是一个非常宽的工程技术领域。例如，从设计理念到设计分析的每一个阶段，制造，市场，销售。以下是机械设计的一般领域应考虑的主要方面的清单：

①最初的设计理念

②受力分析

③材料的选择

④外形

⑤制造

⑥安全性

⑦环境影响

⑧可靠性及寿命

在没有破坏的情况下，强度是抵抗引起应力和应变的一种量度。这些力可能是：

①渐变力

②瞬时力

③冲击力

④不断变化的力

⑤温差

如果一个机器的关键件损坏，整个机器必须关闭，直到修理好为止。设计一台新机器时，关键件具有足够的抵抗破坏的能力是非常重要的。设计者应尽可能准确地确定所有的性质、大小、方向及作用点。机器设计不是这样，但精确的科学是这样，因此很难准确地确定所有力。另外，一种特殊材料的不同样本会显现出不同的性能，像抗负载、温度和其他外部条件。尽管如此，在机械设计中给予合理综合的设计计算是非常有用的。

此外，显而易见的是一个知道零件是如何和为什麽破坏的设计师可以设计出需要很少维修的可靠机器。有时，一次失败是严重的，例如高速行驶的汽车的轮胎爆裂。另一方面，失败未必是麻烦。例如，汽车的冷却系统的散热器皮带管松开。这种破坏的后果通常是损失一些散热片，可以探测并改正过来。零件负载类型是一个重要的标志。一般而言，变化的动负载比静负载会引起更大的差异。因此，疲劳强度必须符合。另一个关心的方面是这种材料是否直或易碎。例如有疲劳破坏的地方不易使用易碎的材料。一般的，设计师要靠考虑所有破坏情况，其包括以下方面：

①应力

②应变

③外形

④腐蚀

⑤震动

⑥外部环境破坏

⑦紧固件的松脱

零件的尺寸和外形的选择也有很多因素。外部负荷的影响，如几何间断，由于轮廓而产生的残余应力和组合件干涉。

质量保证与控制

产品质量是生产中最重要的。如果放任质量恶化下去，生产者会很快发现销售量锐减，可能从而会导致产业的失败。用户期望他们买的产品质量性能好，而且如果制造商想建立并维持其信誉，必须在产品制造前制造过程中及制造过程后进行质量控制和质量保证。一般来说，质量保证包括所有的活动，其包括质量建立和质量控制。质量保证可以被分为三个主要领域，他们如下所述： ①制造之前的原材料的检查 ②在制造加工过程中的质量控制 ③制造之后的质量保证

生产制造后的质量控制包括保证书和面对产品用户的服务。生产制造之前的原材料检验

质量保证常常在实际生产制造之前就开始了。这些都是生产者在供应原材料、散件或配件的车间里进行检验。生产制造公司的原材料检验员到供应厂并且检查原材料及于制造的另配件。原材料检验为生产者提供了一次机会，那就是在原料及散件被运到生产车间之前先进行挑选淘汰。原料检察员的责任是去检查原料和零件是否达到设计规格并且淘汰那些未达到特殊指标的原料。原料检验有很多于检查产品相同的检验。其如下所述： ①目测 ②冶金测试 ③尺寸测试

④损伤检验 ⑤性能检验 目测

目测检验一种产品或原料的某些特征，如颜色、纹理、表面光洁度或部件的总体外观，从而判断其是否具有明显的缺损。冶金测试

冶金测试常常是原料间严厉的一个很重要的部分，尤其是像棒料、建筑材料毛坯一些原材料。金属测试包含所有主要的检验类型，其中有目测，化学检验，光谱检验和机械性能检验，其包括硬度、伸缩性能、剪切性能、压缩性能和合成 12

成分的光谱分析。冶金测试既可用于成品件也可用于预制件。尺寸检验

质量控制的一些领域是重要的生产件的要求尺寸。尺寸在检验过程中，像其在生产过程中一样重要。如果这些零件是为总成供应的，那尺寸尤其严格。一些尺寸在生产车间用标准测量工具进行检验，像特种接头、造型和需求的功能标准度量。符合尺寸规格对所制造多部件的互换性和对多部件成功组装成复杂的装置，如汽车、轮船、飞机和其他多部件产品都地极其重要的。损伤检验

在一些情况下，对原材料或零部件采取损伤测试的原始测验是很必要的。特别是涉及到大批的原材料时。例如，在被运到生产车间作最终机器之前，对铸件进行X-射线、电磁离子、染色渗透剂技术的探伤是很必要的，又对机器总成的电子或持久运作测试而确定的规格，是无损测试的又一例证。有时，对材料及零件的测试是很必要的，但由于无损测试的花费和成本及时间不是任何时候都允许的。

例如，有压力测试决定在设计中其是否安全。损伤测试经常用于设计样机的测试，而不是原材料或零件的常规检验。一旦设计达到了所希望的材料强度，通常对零件做进一步的损伤测试是不必要的，除非他们确实存在疑点。

性能测试

性能测试在零部件被其他产品被安装之前，检查部件的功能，尤其是那些机械构造复杂的部件。例如电子设备零件，飞机和汽车发动机，泵、阀及其他需要在装运和最后安装前进行性能测验的机械系统。

选自《现代材料和制造工艺》

汽车起重机的不同类型

根据汽车吊的使用情况，像：工作的范围，工作的自然情况。他们的构造装备体现着不同的理念。

1、工作范围（不同的设计）

当起重机工作在一个小范围内（仓库，码头，戏台等）告诉是没有必要的。根据这种应用，我们的装置最高速为35km/h。

驱动装置布置在后面，集成了车辆和起重机的控制，这种类型称为：单驱起重机。当起重机在大场地内工作时，有几个较远的工作点，高速轴就是必要的了。随之而来的，布置在车辆后端的单驱动是不可能的。由于这个原因，提供两个驱动是必要的，相对的允许像传统卡车那样驱动车辆。这种类型的起重机，在构造上必须装备一个特殊的变速箱，对起重机允许像传统车辆那样的前进和后退。我们这种类型的起重机装备了一个特殊的变速箱，可以提供一个前进速度和一个后退速度，一般其最大运输速度为：55/60km/h，这种类型称为双驱起重机。

2、地面情况

当起重机操作困难时，在平整的路面上（体育场，码头，仓库等）起构造是传统概念的单驱动的运输工具。

如果起重机离开路面移动到恶劣路况下（脏且沙软的路面）不平的，其构造根据“全工况路面”的限定标准而建立，其要求实现：

双驱甚至是三驱；两种速度范围，有一个特别慢的值；不同驱动轴的转换系统；轴端的特殊轴承；特殊的制动；提供低压的大尺寸的轮胎，在软地面上运转；独立的大车轮；悬空的地面监视和清晰的构造是非常重要的；安装及驾驶服务

所有的主要点是绝对必要的对于在无路的情况下的各种类型的车辆，有一个良好的运行。

当然起重机不得不在各种路况下工作，为此其装备了双驱。

（附图见英文资料）

液力传动

动力传动的两种类型

在液力传动中，用来将机械能（电能、化学能）转化成液力能的装置（泵）被布置在传动链的输入端，而用来将液力能转化成机械能的装置（马达）被布置在输出端。（图2-1）

这种能量转化的理论上的设计依据是液力传动的各部分的伯努里方程。

在系统中，流体静压力主要用来替代泵和马达，而在某些方面，流体动力是作为液力能转化后的力传动而被利用的（如离心泵）这种能量转换的特征取决于单位力的传动。他能说明这种微小力的液体静压力能转换和高压力的液体动力能转换更受人们的欢迎。（图2-2）者是液力转换被应用于工业器械的主要原因。液力传动的能量转换

1、原动机（电机、内燃机）

2、机械能

3、泵

4、液力能

5、液压马达

6、机械能

7、负载 在流体静力能和流体动力能中单位里的质量变化

替代能量转换仅应用以下几方面，在液体静压力转换中相关的替代执行元件提供一个或数个工作室，他们恒定或尺寸可变。

泵的工作室在外部能量进入时伸长，马达是靠液力能，工作是伸长时液体流入，而收缩时实现流体流出。这些装置通常被称为能量转换装置。液体充满一个体积为V1的容器，在压力P1下所作的功W是压缩功W1和改变液体的功W2组成的。

为了分析这个过程，让我们假设一个活塞机构（图2-3（a）），它是有两个阀Z0、Z1和贮液器连接而成，表面压力为P0，贮

液器内部压力为 P1，活塞处于上部的X=X0处，Z0打开，液体充满体积为V0的汽缸，压力为 P0，现在关闭阀Z0，并且开始向下移动活塞，如果 Z1关闭，当活塞下降到 X=X1处时，液体体积由V0变为V1，此时压力升至P1，驱动活塞所作的外部功是（假设热量改变）

W1=-∫X1X0(P-P0)Adx=-∫V1V0(P-P0)dv

制动器的应用

YWW系列电力液压块式制动器是一种常闭、卧式安装的制动器，主要用于门座式起重机、斗轮堆取料机以及中大型塔式起重机回转机构的制动。

YKW系列电力液压块式制动器是一种常开、卧式安装的制动器，推动器为闭合（上闸）驱动装置，它通过脚踏开关控制，司机在司机室内可随意空。主要用于门座式起重机和塔式起重机等回转机构的减速制动。当需要在机构断电时（非工作状态）进行制动，可通过增设手动闭合（上闸）来实现。

RKW系列制动器为常开式、液压驱动、卧式安装的制动器。通过脚踏式液压泵进行控制，可实现随意制动。主要用于中小型门座式起重机和塔式起重机的回转机构。带有手动闭合（上闸）装置，在非工作状态下有需要时，可通过其进行维持制动。主要设计特点

联锁式退距均等装置，专利技术，在使用过程中可始终保持两侧瓦块制动衬浮贴制动轮的现象；设有瓦块自动随位装置。

主要摆动铰点均设有自动润滑轴承，传动效率高，寿命长，在使用过程中无需润滑。

设有可调式支撑装置，确保制动器工作灵活自如。

制动弹簧在方管内布置）（仅YWW产品）并在一侧设有标尺，用户可十分方便的读出制动力距值，免去测量和计算的麻烦。

制动衬垫为卡装式整体结构，更换十分方便，快捷，备有半金属（无石棉）硬质和半硬质，软质（含石棉）等不同材质的制动衬垫供用户选择。全部采用本公司新型推动器配套，动作灵敏，寿命长。